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THE    NATIONAL 

CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    AMERICAN 

BIOGRAPHY 


TIIK 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


AS   ILLTSTKATED   IX   THE   LIVES   OF   THE   FOUNDERS,   BUILDERS,   AND   DEFENDERS 
OF   THE   REPUBLIC,   AXD   OF   THE    MEN    AND    WOMEN   WHO   ARE 
DOING    THE    WORK    AND    MOULDING    THE 
THOUGHT   OF    THE   PRES- 
ENT   TIME 


EDITED    BY 

DISTINGUISHED    BIOGRAPHERS,    SELECTED   FROM   EACH   STATE 

BEVISED   AND   APPROVED   BY    THE    MOST   EMINENT    HISTORIANS,    SCHOLARS,    AND 

(STATESMEN  OF  THE  DAY 


VOLUME     XVII 


NEW     YORK 

JAMES  T.  WHITE  &  COMPANY 
1920 


317 47 


COPYRIGHT,  1921, 
BY  JAMES  T.  WHITE  &  CO. 

[All  rights   reserved.] 


f 


THE  NATIONAL 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


SHEDD,  John  Graves,  merchant  and  capital- 
ist, was  horn  at  Alstead,  N.  H.,  July  20,  1850, 
son  of  William  and  Abigail  (Wallace)  Shedd. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Dan- 
iel Shedd,  who  came  from  England  about  1642 
and  settled  at  Brnintree,  Mass.  From  him  and 
his  second  wife  Elizabeth  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth;  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife  Abagail; 
Daniel  and  his  wife  Mary  Tarbell;  William  and 
his  wife  Elizabeth  Parker;  to  their  son  Silas  and 
his  wife  Polly  Williams,  who  were  the  grandpar- 
ents of  John  Graves  Shedd.  •  William  Shedd, 
father  of  our  subject,  was  a  farmer.  John  G. 
Shedd  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Alstend  and  Langdon,  N.  H.  He  began  his 
business  career  in  1867  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  store 
at  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.,  receiving  $1.50  a  week  and 
board.  At  the  end  of  a  year  he  found  work  in 
a  general  store  at  Alstead,  his  wages  being  $125  a 
year.  When  fire  destroyed  that  store,  a  rival 
merchant  engaged  him  for  $175  a  year.  In  1870 
he  entered  a  dry  goods  house  at  Rutland,  receiv- 
ing $300  annually  with  board.  His  ability  was 
marked,  and  the  chief  merchant  of  Rutland,  whose 
principles  and  practices  were  far  ahead  of  those 
generally  current,  secured  his  services  for  double 
the  former  salary  and  allowed  him  a  commission 
on  sales.  In  1872  he  decided  to  go  West.  In 
Chicago  he  determined  to  secure  a  position  in  the 
best  store  in  the  city,  and  found  that  Field,  Leiter 
&  Compan;  conducted  the  largest.  He  went  to 
see  Marshall  Field,  and  when  this  merchant  prince 
asked  him  what  he  could  sell  he  replied  that  he 
could  sell  anything  of  any  character  that  was  for 
sale.  Mr.  Field  promptly  engaged  him,  starting 
him  at  $10  a  week  as  stockkeeper  and  salesman. 
Five  months  later  his  pay  was  raised,  not  to  $12  a 
week,  which  had  been  stipulated,  but  to  $14,  Mr. 
Field  explaining  that  this  was  in  consideration  of 
his  notably  good  work.  This  tribute  pleased  him  and 
proved  an  inspiration.  Within  four  years  he  be- 
came head  of  the  lace  and  embroidery  department. 
The  talent  he  displayed  for  analyzing  conditions, 
for  reading  trends,  and  for  skilful  merchandising 
induced  Mr.  Field  to  entrust  not  one  but  half  a 
dozen  departments  to  his  care.  Before  long  he 
was  appointed  general  merchandise  manager  of 
the  entire  business,  a  position  carrying  tremen- 
dous responsibilities  since  it  entailed  oversight  of 
the  buying  as  well  as  the  selling  of  millions  of 
dollars  worth  of  goods  a  year.  In  1881  the  firm 
became  Marshall  Field  &  Company,  and  in  1893 
he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership.  Upon  the  in- 


corporation of  the  business  in  1901  he  became 
vice-president,  a  rank  second  only  to  Mr.  Field 
himself,  but  the  bulk  of  the  active  work  fell  upon 
Mr.  Shedd  as  Mr.  Field  by  then  felt  entitled  to 
relax  and  indulge  his  fondness  for  travel.  For 
years  before  Mr.  Field  's  death  in  1906,  Mr.  Shedd 
hail  been  not  the  nominal  but  the  actual  head  of 
the  firm,  and  his  election  to  the  presidency  fol- 
lowed as  a  matter  of  coiurse,  the  corporate  style  of 
Marshall  Field  &  Company  still  being  retained. 
Under  his  personal  direction  the  corporation  now 
does  a  business  of  $150,000,000  a  year.  It  car- 
ries over  a  million  articles  and  does  25,000,000 
transactions  annually.  On  special  exposition  days 
more  than  300,000  customers  have  visited  the  re- 
tail store.  The  store  's  floor  space  covers  45  acres, 
and  has  over  thirty  miles  of  carpet.  Its  electrical 
power  would  serve  a  city  of  150,000  inhabitants. 
To  deliver  goods  more  than  350  motor  trucks  and 
motor  wagons  daily  cover  350  square  miles  and 
when  the  holiday  business  is  at  its  height  50  addi- 
tional motor  vehicles  are  added.  On  one  day  in 
1916  the  retail  store  alone  delivered  within  the 
territory  covered  by  its  own  equipment  approxi- 
mately 100,000  packages.  Under  him  are  some 
20,000  employes,  including  as  many  as  12,500  in 
the  retail  store  at  holiday  times.  The  corporation 
owns  important  factories  at  Spray,  Draper,  and 
Leaksville,  North  Carolina,  and  Fieldale,  Virginia, 
for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  and  woolen  goods; 
and  also  manufactures  laces,  curtains,  handker- 
chiefs and  bedspreads  at  Zion  City,  111.,  and  has 
factores  in  Chicago  for  the  manufacture  of  mis- 
cellaneous merchandise.  Years  ago  Mr.  Shedd  took 
up  the  production  on  a  large  scale  of  the  merchan- 
dise sold  over  his  counters,  adopting  as  one  of  his 
mottoes  "From  cotton  mills  to  consumer."  He 
was  one  of  the  first  great  merchants  to  realize  that 
the  day  of  the  middleman  is  passing.  This  af- 
forded unlimited  scope  for  creative  talent  in  origi- 
nating exclusive  designs,  for  upholding  and  carry- 
ing a  step  forward  the  Marshall  Field  idea  of 
"better  quality."  His  inventive  skill  is  shown  in 
the  colonial  draperies,  ginghams,  and  other  cotton 
fabrics  designed  and  produced  under  the  Marshall 
Field  aegis.  Marshall  Field  &  Company  have  been 
in  continuous  operation  for  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury and  in  that  period  not  an  old  employe  has 
been  discharged  for  either  lack  of  work  or  because 
of  depressed  general  conditions.  From  president  to 
the  most  humble  employe  the  central  thought  is  the 
Marshall  Field  idea — 

"To  do  the  right  thing,  at  the  right  time,  in 
the  right  way;  to  do  some  things  better  than 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


they  were  ever  done  before;  to  eliminate  er- 
rors; to  know  both  sides  of  the  question;  to  be 
courageous;  to  be  an  example;  to  work  for 
love  of  the  work;  to  anticipate  requirements; 
to  develop  resources;  to  recognize  no  impedi- 
ments; to  master  circumstances;  to  act  from 
reason  rather  than  from  rule;  to  be  satisfied 
with  nothing  short  of  perfection  "- 
thus  the  whole  aim  of  the  establishment  is  service. 
Mr.  Shedd  's  aim  is  to  supply  nothing  but  service- 
able merchandise,  when  possible,  of  better  quality 
than  furnished  elsewhere;  always  to  satisfy  his 
customers,  no  matter  at  what  cost  or  inconvenience, 
so  that  they  will  become  the  best,  advertisers  of 
the  store;  to  treat  employes  with  the  greatest  con- 
sideration and  thus  inspire  their  loyalty.  He  was 
the  first  merchant  in  Chicago  to  introduce  the  Sat- 
urday half-holiday.  He  is  an  advocate  of  healthful 
recreation  for  both  employers  and  employes.  A 
large  portion  of  one  floor  of  the  store  is  devoted 
to  their  exclusive  use.  Beading  rooms  are  pro- 
viilnl  for  men  and  women,  and  a  branch  of  the 
( 'hie-ago  Public  Library  is  maintained  in  the  build- 
ing. There  are  medical  rooms,  with  nurses;  music 
ami  rest  rooms;  educational  motion  pictures  to 
show  the  process  of  manufacturing  textiles;  lunch 
rooms  and  cafeterias  which  serve  an  average  of 
3,000  employes  daily ;  a  choral  society  of  150  mem- 
bers; a  baseball  league  and  a  gymnasium.  An 
academy  is  provided  for  boys  and  girls  serving 
in  the  store,  and  its  diploma  is  equivalent  to  that 
awarded  high  school  graduates.  The  management 
encourages  young  men  to  enter  the  militia.  The 
rniiditions  of  employment  are  such  that  a  position 
with  Marshall  Field  &  Company  is  coveted.  Mr. 
Shedd 's  great  aliility  was  recognized  by  Marshall 
Field.  At  a  time  when  Mr.  field  was  everywhere 
recognized  as  the  greatest  merchant  in  America,  he 
was  summoned  before  a  senatorial  committee  to 
give  evidence  on  the  Dingley  Tariff  bill.  On  rising 
he  began :  "I  am  holding  in  my  hand  a  letter 
from  a  man  I  believe  to  be  the  best  merchant  in 
the  United  States."  This  letter  was  signed  "John 
G.  Shedd.  Aside  from  this  interest,  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  directorate  of  the  Merchants'  Loan  & 
Trust  Company,  Commonwealth  Edison  Company, 
Illinois  Trust  &  Savings  Bank,  Chicago;  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  Company,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railway  Company,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Company,  New  York.  He  is  also  a 
director  in.  the  First  State  Fawners'  Society,  Chi- 
cago. He  holds  membership  in  the  Chicago,  "Union 
League,  University,  Commercial,  Midlothian,  On- 
wentsia,  South  Shore  Country,  Flossmoor  Country, 
Old  Elm,  Saddle  &  Cycle,  Chicago;  the  Metropoli- 
tan Club  and  The  Recess,  New  York  City;  Mid- 
wick  Country  Club,  Los  Angeles.  His  political  af- 
filiation is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  congregation  of  the  Kenwood  Evan- 
gelical Church.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
golf,  is  fond  of  riding,  and  was  an  ardent  cyclist 
before  he  took  up  automobiling.  His  benefactions 
to  the  Chicago  Young  Men  's  Christian  Association, 
to  hospitals  and  to  other  worthy  causes  have  been 
substantial,  but  of  these  the  public  knows  little. 
To  his  native  town,  Alstead,  he  has  donated  and  en- 
dowed a  library  built  of  New  Hampshire  granite,  a 
gift  partly  inspired  by  the  recollection  of  the  dif- 
ficulty he  experienced  when  a  boy  in  securing  good 
books,  of  which  he  was  then  and  is  still  fond.  The 
growth  ami  scientific  development  of  Marshall 
Field  <S.'  Company  have  been  due  largely  to  his  fore- 
sight, initiative,  practical  ability,  and  imagination. 
He  was  married  at  Walpole,  N.'  H.,  May  15,  1878, 


to  Mary  R.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Winslow  B.  Porter  of 
Walpole;  they  have,  two  children:  Laura  A.,  who 
married  Charles  H.  Schweppe,  and  Helen  M.,  who 
married  Kersey  Coates.  Reed;  both  live  in  Chicago. 
BATTELLE,  John  Gordon,  iron  and  steel 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  Clarksburg,  Va.  (now 
W.  Va.),  May  12,  1845,  son  of  Gordon  and  Maria 
Louise  (Tucker)  Battelle.  His  first  American  an- 
cestor was  Thomas  Battelle,  a  native  of  England, 
who  came  to  America  in  1642,  settling  in  Dedham, 
Mass.  His  great-grandfather,  Ebenezer  Battelle, 
commander  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery 
Co.  of  Boston,  was  one  of  the  original  settlers  of 
Marietta,  O.,  in  178S,  and  served  throughout  the 
revolutionary  war  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel 
in  command  of  a  Massachusetts  regiment.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Harvard.  Our  subject 's  father,  Dr. 
Gordon  Battelle,  was  a  prominent  Methodist  min- 
ister, who  in  earl}'  life  sustained  a  connection  with 
the  Whig  party,  but  when  the  new  Republican 
party  sprang  into  existence  joined  its  ranks,  and 
until  his  death  was  a  staunch  and  loyal  Union 
man.  He  went  to  the  front  as  a  chaplain  of  the 
1st  Va.  Vol.  Infantry  during  the  civil  war,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  convention  held  in 
Wheeling,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  state  of  West  Virginia  in  1863.  He  died  of 
camp  fever  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  August  7,  1862. 
The  son,  John  Gordon  Battelle,  spent  his  boyhood 
in  various  towns  in  Virginia  where  his  father 
preached.  After  completing  his  education  at  the 
Fairmont  (W.  Va.)  Academy,  he  was  employed  for 
six  months  in  the  United  States  treasury  depart- 
ment, Washington,  and  was  for  years  in  the  quar- 
termaster 's  department  of  the  Federal  army  in  the 
civil  war.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  his 
business  career  as  bookkeeper  and  clerk  with  an 
iron  manufacturing  company  at  Wheeling,  after- 
ward becoming  secretary  and  superintendent  of 
the  Norway  Manufacturing  Co.  there.  He  was  in 
business  with  an  uncle  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and 
later  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  ties  in 
that  city  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  G.  Battelle  & 
Co.  In  1889  he  removed  from  Cincinnati  to  Piqua. 
O.,  to  assume  the  management  of  what  became  the 
Piqua  Rolling  Mills  Co.  and  the  Cincinnati  Corru- 
gating Co.  He  was  president  of  the  former  com- 
pany from  1889  to  1900,  and  was  secretary  and 
treasurer  and  later  vice-president  of  the  latter. 
He  was  likewise  the  active  manager  of  both  con- 
cerns which  were  owned  by  the  same  individuals, 
and  it  was  due  to  his  executive  ability  and  business 
acumen  that  they  grew  to  be  one  of  the  most  exten- 
sive and  important  rolling  mills  of  the  state.  The 
plant  of  the  Piqua  Rolling  Mills  was  the  first  in 
the  United  States  to  manufacture  tin  plate.  In 
the  fall  of  1891,  when  Maj.  McKinley  was  Repub- 
lican candidate  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  the  out- 
come of  the  campaign  seemed  exceedingly  doubt- 
ful, so  Col.  Battelle  conceived  the  idea  of  showing 
his  gratitude  to  Maj.  McKinley,  who  was  called  the 
Apostle  of  Protection,  by  holding  a  great  political 
meeting  in  Piqua  addressed  by  him.  The  badges 
were  made  of  superior  roofing  tin  plate  produced 
by  the  Piqua  Rolling  Mills  Company  stamped  with 
the  words  ' '  McKinley  and  Protection ;  made  From 
Ohio  Steel,  Missouri  Lead  and  California  Tin; 
without  one  atom  of  Foreign  Metal."  The  next 
day  at  Greenville,  O.,  Maj.  McKinley  gave  the 
keynote  of  the  campaign.  ' '  Cannot  make  tin 
plate  in  America  ? ' '  said  he.  ' '  Why  I  made  tin 
plate  myself  yesterday  in  Piqua!  "  His  election 
was  achieved  on  the  tin  plate  platform.  Two  years 
later,  Piqua  tin  plate  was  awarded  the  first  prize 
at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair.  The  Corrugating 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  3 

Co.  was  incorporated  in  1884,  and  the  Piqua  Roll-  community,  and  as  the  entire  village  of  Talcott- 
ing  Mills  Co.  in  1889.  Both  companies  were  ville  is  owned  and  controlled  by  the  firm  of  which 
sold  in  1900  to  The  American  Sheet  Steel  Co.,  he  was  head,  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  mold- 
which  in  burn  was  merged  into  the  U.  S.  Steel  ing  the  life  of  the  people.  To  his  influence  are 
Corporation.  Col.  Battelle  retired  from  active  largely  due  the  neatness  and  prosperity  of  the 
business  in  1900  and  lived  in  New  York  city  until  town,  as  well  as  the  high  character  of  its  in- 
1905,  when  he  went  to  Columbus,  0.,  to  take  the  habitants.  The  firm  of  Talcott  Bros,  built  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbus  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  church,  the  schoolhouse  and  the  library.  Only  men 
which  had  been  incorporated  in  November,  1899,  with  desirable  habits  were  selected  as  employees, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000.  In  1917  the  The  result  is  that  Talcottville  is  free  from  the 
Columbus  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  of  which  he  was  still  disadvantages  and  drawbacks  which  inevitably  ob- 
president,  became  incorporated  in  the  American  tain  in  communities  fostering  enterprises  that  feed 
Rolling  Mills  Co.,  of  which  Col.  Battelle  was  a  upon  the  thrift  and  earnings  of  the  residents  and 
director.  It  was  at  this  time  that  he  finally  re-  turn  their  energies  into  destructive  channels.  For 
tired  from  active  business.  Col.  Battelle,  who  gained  twenty  years  he  was  president  of  the  Tolland 
his  title  through  his  appointment  as  aide  on  the  staff  County  Missionary  Society,  and  he  was  a  director 
of  Gov.  Nash,  was  one  of  the  most  widely  known  in  the  Congregational  Home  Missionary  Society, 
men  in  the  steel  industry  in  the  United  States.  He  Connecticut  Home  Missionary  Society,  and  Con- 
had  a  genius  for  devising  and  executing  the  right  necticut  Bible  Society.  His  political  affiliation  was 
thing  at  the  right  time,  and  his  keen  discrimina-  with  the  Republican  party.  In  1895  he  represented 
tion  and  dauntless  energy  made  him  one  of  the  the  town  of  Vernon  in  the  Connecticut  general  ag- 
leaders  in  his  line  of  trade.  He  was  a  life-long  sembly,  and  for  some  .years  he  was  a  member  of 
member  of  the  Republican  party,  being  active  in  the  Rockville  high  school  committee.  Horace  G. 
the  affairs  of  the  state  organization,  and  a  dele-  Talcott  was  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  common 
gate  to  the  state  conventions  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  sense,  and  a  brilliant  gift  of  wit.  He  was  high- 
member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the  Sons  of  the  Amer-  minded  as  well  as  strong-minded,  and  was  pro- 
ican  Revokition,  Sons  of  Colonial  Wars,  the  Ohio  foundly  religious.  He  worked  no  ill,  spoke  no  ill 
Society  of  New  York,  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  and  thought  no  ill  of  his  neighbor.  His  marked 
Commerce,  the  Columbus  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  characteristic  was  friendliness,  and  he  was  sym- 
director  of  the  National  Manufacturers'  Assoeia-  pathetic  and  cordial  in  a  way  that  bound  others 
tion,  vice-president  Ohio  Manufacturers'  Assoeia-  to  him.  He  never  married.  He  died  at  Talcott- 
tion,  and  member  Columbus,  Columbus  Country,  ville,  Conn.,  Aug.  7,  1917. 

Culumbus    Riding,    Scioto    Country    and    Athletic  BADGER,  William  Otis,  Jr.,  lawyer  and  ed- 

clubs    of    Columbus.      He    was    a    warm    personal  itor,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  31,  1879, 

friend  of  William  McKinley,  and  he  used  his  in-  son  of  William  Otis  and  Alvena  Eunice  (Branch) 

fluence    in    the    Republican    party    to    secure    the  Badger.     His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 

nomination  and  election  of  McKinley  as  president,  was  Giles  Badger,  who  came  from  England  in  1635 

He  was  married  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  Feb.  10,  1881,  and    settled    at    Newbnry,    Mass.      His    wife    was 

to   Annie,   daughter   of  Julia   Alston   Norton   and  Elizabeth   Greenleaf,  and   from  them   the  line   of 

Samuel   E.   Norton,   M.T).,   D.D.,   of   Montgomery,  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his 

Ala.,  and  had  one  son,  Gordon  Battelle  of  Colum-  wife,   Hannah   Swett ;    their   son  Stephen   and  his 

bus,  O.     He  died  in  Columbus,  O.,  May  10,  1918.  wife,   Mercy   Kettell :    their  son   William   and   his 

TALCOTT,     Horace    Gardner,    manufacturer,  wife,  Hephzibah  Prentice;    their  son  Thomas  and 

was  born  at  Vernon,  Conn.,  Nov.  14,  1847,  son  of  his  wife,   Mary   Beighton;    their   son   William   and 

Horace    Wells   and    Jane   M.    (Gardner)    Talcott,  his  wife,   Esther   Bartlett,  and   their   son   Charles 

and  a  descendant  of  John  Talcott  (q.v.),  a  native  Badger,  and  his  wife,  Joanne  Ross  Trafton,  who 

of  Braintree,  Essex  co.,  England,  who  was  a  mem-  were  the  grandparents  of  William  Otis  Badger,  Jr. 

ber  of  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker's  company  which  set-  William  Otis  Badger,  father  of  our  subject  and  a 

tied   in  Newton,  now  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in   1632.  native   of  Boston,   is   president   of  the   Nytanday 

His  father  entered  the  old  Kellogg  woolen  mill  in  Letter  &  Design  Co.     The  son  received  his  prelim- 

1838,  and  spent  two-thirds  of  his  life  there,  being  inary  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Brooklyn, 

associated  with  a  brother,  Charles  Denison  Talcott.  including  the  Boy's  high  school.  He  was  graduated 

The  two  brothers  were  closely  associated  with  ilr.  at  the  New  York  Law  School  in  1902  with  the  de- 

Kellogg,  owner  of  the  mill,  and  when  he  died,  in  gree  LL.B.    In  the  following  year  he  was  admitted 

1854,  the  executors  entrusted  its  management   to  to  the  bar  of  New  York  and  began  the  practice  of 

them.      In    1856   they    bought    the    mill    property,  his  profession  in  New  York  City  as  a  member  of 

formed  the  firm  of  Talcott  Bros.,  and  changed  the  the  firm   of  Van  Iderstine,  Badger  &   Barker,   in 

name  of  the  village  from  Kelloggsville  to  Talcott-  which  his  partners  were  Robert  Van  Iderstine  and 

ville.     Horace  G.  Talcott  was  graduated  at  Phil-  Wendell  P.  Barker.     This  relation  continued  until 

lips  Academy,   Andover,   Mass.,  in   1867,   and   en-  1910,  since  which  time  he  has  practiced  independ- 

tered   Yale   College,   class   of   1871,   but    impaired  ently.      Making  insurance   law   his   specialty,    Mr. 

health  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  college  work  Badger  has  represented  successfully  as  chief  coun- 

and  take  up  an  active  business  life.     He  at  once  sel  clients  whose  eases,  on  reaching  final  adjudica- 

entered  the  mill  at   Talcottville,  becoming  super-  tion,  serve  as  precedents  in  some  of  the  most  im- 

intendent   upon  the  death   of  his  father  in   1871,  portant  and  far-reaching  phases  in  this  class  of 

and  general  manager  upon  the  death  of  his  uncle  litigation.     A  few  of  these,  selected  for  the  wide 

in  1882.     By  his  industry,  energy  and  ability  the  general  interest  in  the  points  involved,  with  their 

business   of   Talcott   Bros,   grew   steadily  until   it  titles  and   citations,  are  given  herewith:     The  C. 

ranked  as  one  of  the  important  mills  of  New  Eng-  A.  Smith  Lumber  Co.  vs.  The  Colonial  Insurance 

land  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  woolens  and  Co.  of  New  York.     Mr.  Badger,  representing  the 

union  cassimeres.     In  addition   to   his  milling  in-  lumber  company,  had  arrayed  against  him  as  op- 

terests  Mr.  Talcott  was  a  director  in  the  First  Na-  posing  counsel  William  B."  Ellison,  former  corpo- 

tional  Bank   of  Rockville,   National  Machine  Co.,  ration  counsel,  and  George  W.  Richards,  author  of 

Hartford,  and  a  trustee  of  various  funds.     He  was  that    standard    work,    "Richards   on    Insurance." 

the  leader  in  the  religious  and  social  life  of  the  Evidence  of  the  great  interest  in  the  case  in  the 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


insurance  world  was  given  by  the  presence  at 
court  of  special  counsel  from  each  of  the  various 
fire  insurance  companies,  whose  knowledge  and 
wide  experience  in  law,  were  thus  made  constantly 
available  against  Mr.  Badger  's  efforts  is  behalf  of 
his  clients,  Mr.  Badger's  contention  was  that 
' '  when  a  fire  insurance  broker  has  received  the 
premium  from  the  assured,  the  company  he  repre- 
sents immediately  becomes  responsible."  His  po- 
sition was  sustained  by  the  court  of  appeals,  which, 
reversing  the  decision  of  the  lower  court,  held  that 
' '  payment  to  the  broker  was  payment  to  the  com- 
pany, ' '  thereby  establishing  a  clear  basis  for  guid- 
ance on  this  hitherto  much-disputed  point  of  law. 
(161  New  York  Supplement,  p.  1120).  In  the  ac- 
tion brought  by  John  A.  Eekert,  president  of  the 
Fire  Insurance  Brokers  Association  of  New  York 
city,  against  Pathe  Freres,  Mr.  Badger,  represent- 
ing the  latter,  secured  after  three  trials  a  ruling 
affirmative  of  his  contention  that  "a  broker's  com- 
missions are  not  fully  earned  until  the  policy  ex- 
pires,"  the  opposing  counsel  being  Almet  Eeed 
Latson,  at  one  time  candidate  for  judge  of  the  su- 
preme court.  (174  New  York  Supplement,  p.  740). 
The  U.  S.  supreme  court  was  called  upon  to  con- 
sider and  pass  upon  the  unusual  claim  made  by 
Mr.  Badger  that  "a  policy  of  fire  insurance  may 
cover  property  destroyed  before  the  policy  was 
issued."  Mr.  Badger's  client,  William  S.  Sinclair, 
had  made  application  by  wire  to  El  Dia  Insurance 
Co.  for  insurance  on  certain  lumber  property  in 
Michigan.  Three  days  elapsed  before  final  nego- 
tiations were  completed,  whereby  the  company  ac- 
cepted the  risk  as  of  date  of  the  original  appli- 
cation. Meanwhile  the  property  was  destroyed  by 
a  fire,  of  which  the  insured  was  at  the  time  of  its 
occurrence  without  knowledge.  The  highest  court 
gave  Mr.  Badger 's  client  the  full  amount  of  his 
claim,  about  $14,000.  The  opposing  counsel  were 
his  former  partners,  Van  Iderstine,  Duncan  and 
Barker.  (U.  S.  Court  of  Appeals  Report,  Vol.  143, 
p.  231).  Mr.  Badger  won  in  the  New  York  su- 
preme court  a  favorable  decision  in  an  action 
brought  against  Wachenheim  and  Huff,  brokers, 
by  his  client,  Emil  Westerburg,  on  the  issue:  "an 
insurance  broker  is  responsible  for  failing  to  dis- 
play ability  and  skill."  (164  New  York  Supple- 
ment, p.  677).  Representing  the  Ohio  Farmers  In- 
surance Co.,  Mr.  Badger  was  sustained  by  the  ap- 
pellate division,  second  department  of  the  New 
York  supreme  court,  in  his  claim  that  "where  an 
insurance  agent  attempts  to  substitute  one  policy 
in  place  of  another,  the  insured  cannot  hold  both 
policies  in  case  of  the  destruction  of  his  property 
by  fire. ' '  The  Synthetic  Chemical  Co.,  Inc.,  were 
plaintiffs  in  the  case,  and  Joseph  O.  Skinner  was 
opposed  to  Mr.  Badger  as  counsel.  (172  New  York 
Supplement,  p.  1921).  Aside  from  his  professional 
activities,  Mr.  Badger  is  editor  of  the  ' '  Insurance 
Law  Journal"  and  "Workmen's  Compensation 
Law  Journal."  He  served  eight  years  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  local  school  board,  district  No.  27, 
Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Rev- 
olution, New  York  County  Lawyers'  Association, 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  the  Crescent  Athletic,  Mon- 
tauk,  University,  Brooklyn  Civic,  Knickerbocker 
Field,  Choral  Art,  and  Mendelssohn  Glee  clubs  of 
Brooklyn,  and  the  Drug  and  Chemical  Club  and 
Casualty  and  Surety  Club  of  New  York  City.  He 
finds  his  favorite  diversion  in  music,  and  his  chief 
recreation  in  out-of-doors  sports.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  in  1910  was  the  candidate  of  the 
Citizens  Union,  Republican  and  Independent  or- 
ganizations for  justice  of  the  municipal  court,  his 
opponent  being  Eugene  V.  Conran,  since  deceased. 


He  is  a  communicant  of  the  Flatbush  Congrega- 
tional Church.  He  was  married  Apr.  27,  1904,  to 
Estelle,  daughter  of  Frank  L.  Randall  of  Brook- 
lyn; they  have  three  children:  Randall,  Trafton 
Otis,  and  Jean  Badger. 

SMITH,  J[oseph]  Brodie,  was  born  in  Rich- 
ville,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  6,  1861,  be- 
ing the  ninth  child  of  William  Priest  and  Sarah 
(Hungerford)  Smith.  His  earliest  paternal  Amer- 
ican ancestor  was  Silas  Smith,  who  came  from 
England  with  the  Plymouth  company  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  and  settled  at  Taunton,  Mass. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Silas  and  wife  Hannah  Gazine;  their  sou 
Samuel  and  his  wife  Abigail  Wright,  to  their  son 
Daniel  and  his  wife  Susan  Holmes,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  J.  Brodie  Smith.  Samuel  Smith 
was  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Daniel 
Smith,  a  farmer  and  lumberman  of  New  York 
state,  was  a  lieutenant,  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
by  his  bravery  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle 
of  Saekett  's  Harbor.  His  wife,  Susan  Holmes, 
was  a  descendant  of  Sergeant  Thomas  Holmes,  of 
Woodstock  and  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  who  served 
throughout  the  Revolution.  Their  son  William 
Priest  Smith,  father  of  J.  Brodie  Smith,  had  been 
colonel  of  the  36th  regiment,  New  York  state 
militia;  he  was  a  lumber  manufacturer  of  St.  Law- 
rence county,  N.  Y.,  held  various  local  offices,  and 
for  three  successive  terms  was  associate  judge  of 
the  county  court.  His  wife,  Sarah  Porter  Hunger- 
ford,  traces  her  ancestry  to  Sir  Thomas  Hunger- 
ford,  who  in  1369  purchased  from  Lord  Burghersh, 
Farley  Castle,  county  of  Somerset,  England.  J. 
Brodie  Smith  was  educated  at  the  Union  Free 
School,  Riehville,  and  subsequently  took  a  course 
in  higher  mathematics  to  fit  himself  to  become 
an  expert  electrician,  having  from  boyhood  been 
interested  in  electrical  science.  In  1878  he  con- 
structed a  telegraph  line  between  two  New  York 
villages.  In  1880  he  removed  to  Manchester,  N.  H., 
where  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  with  his 
brother,  Amasa  D.  Smith,  Ph.C.,  becoming  a  regis- 
tered pharmacist  in  both  New  Hampshire  and  New 
York.  Meanwhile  he  continued  his  studies  in  elec- 
tricity, and  laid  the  foundation  for  a  knowledge  of 
this  subject  which  has  made  him  a  recognized 
authority  in  applied  electricity.  In  1885  he  retired 
from  the  drug  business  and  began  to  do  electrical 
contracting  of  all  kinds  and  was  appointed  super- 
intendent of  the  municipal  fire  alarm  telegraph 
service  of  Manchester,  a  position  which  he  held 
for  about  two  years.  He  was  a  dominant  factor 
in  the  development  of  most  of  the  electrical  busi- 
ness in  Manchester  and  its  vicinity,  excepting  only 
the  telephone  and  telegraph  services.  When  the 
Ben  Franklin  Electric  Co.  of  Manchester  was  or- 
ganized, Mr.  Smith  was  its  first  superintendent. 
Later  when  this  company  consolidated  with  the 
pioneer  organization,  the  Manchester  Electric 
Light  Co.,  he  became  superintendent  of  the  latter 
company,  and  held  this  position  until  1896  when 
he  resigned  and  tock  a  trip  of  several  months  in 
Europe.  On  his  return  he  was  chosen  general 
manager  of  the  same  company  and  in  1900,  when 
the  Manchester  Tractioa,  Light  &  Power  Co.  se- 
cured control,  he  was  elected  general  manager 
and  director,  and  in  1905  was  chosen  vice-presi- 
dent, and  has  since  occupied  these  positions.  He 
is  also  general  manager  and  assistant  treasurer 
of  the  Manchester  Street  Railway,  Manchester  & 
Nashua  Street  Railway,  and  the  Manchester  & 
Derry  Street  Railway,  subsidiary  companies  of  the 
Manchester  Traction  Co.  Owning  all  of  the  elec- 
tric light  and  power  companies  in  the  neighbor- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


hood  and  possessing  valuable  water  powers  on 
both  the  Merrimack  and  Piscataquog  rivers,  the 
traction  company  has  secured  control  of  the  elec- 
trical situation  in  Manchester  and  a  large  outlying 
territory.  Mr.  Smith  is  financially  interested  in 
several  lighting  companies  and  street  railways  in 
other  parts  of  the  country,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
National  Electric  Light  Association  and  an  asso- 
ciate member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Elec- 
trical Engineers,  and  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Association  of  Public  Utilities  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. Mr.  Smith's  interests  are  not  limited  to  the 
electrical.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Manchester  Sav-_ 
ings  Hank,  one  of  the  largest  financial  institutions 
of  the  state.  He  is  a  member  of  the  council  and 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Manchester  Institute 
of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  a  public-spirited  citizen 
who  is  interested  in  every  movement  which  af- 
fects the  welfare  of  the  city  and  state.  He  is  a 
director  of  the  Manchester  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Elliot 
Hospital  of  Manchester,  and  president  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Association  for  the  Prevention  of  Tu- 
berculosis. In  polities  he  is  a  staunch  Republican, 
but  has  never  sought  or  held  an  elective  office.  On 
April  3,  1916,  he  was  appointed  a  New  Hampshire 
director  and  associate  member  of  the  Naval  Con- 
sulting Board  of  the  United  States.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Rotary  Club,  and  the  Derryfield 
Club,  a  leading  social  club  of  New  Hampshire,  a 
charter  member  of  Ritlgely  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  a 
member  of  Wonolancet  Encampment  and  of  Can- 
ton Ridgely;  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
Washington  Lodge,  Mount  Horeb  Royal  Arch 
Chapter,  Adoniram  Council  and  Trinity  Command- 
ery  Knights  {Templar,  all  of  Manchester;  he  is  a 
past  master  of  Adoniram  Council,  and  a  past  grand 
master  of  the  Grand  Council  of  New  Hampshire. 
In  the  bodies  working  the  ancient  and  accepted 
Scottish  Rite,  he  has  received  signal  honors;  he  is 
also  a  member  of  these  bodies  at  Nashua,  New 
Hampshire,  and  has  received  degrees  up  to  and 
including  the  32d,  and  in  1905,  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  he  was  given  the  33d  degree  of  the  Scottish 
Rite,  a  privilege  and  honor  which  come  to  but 
few  Masons.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Masonic  Home, 
located  at  Manchester.  Mr.  Smith  was  married 
July  14,  1909,  to  Charlotte  Dodd  Stewartson,  M.D., 
of  Manchester,  a  graduate  of  Tufts  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1900,  and  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
and  New  Hampshire  Medical  societies. 

TRAVIS,  William  De  Laney  Trimble,  artist 
and  poet,  was  born  at  Staunton,  Va.,  July  13,  1S39, 
son  of  John  Welsh  and  Margaret  Ann  (Trimble) 
Travis.  Of  this  same  family  was  William  Barrett 
Travis,  hero  of  the  Alamo;  and  Margaret  Trimlil'- 
Travis,  our  subject 's  mother,  was  a  first  cousin  of 
the  noted  statesman  and  orator,  John  Randolph,  of 
Roanoke,  Va.  His  father  was  an  architect  and 
builder,  a  man  of  marked  scientific  bent  of  mind, 
who  demonstrated  on  a  small  scale  for  the  amuse- 
ment and  instruction  of  his  children  many  ideas 
that  have  since  been  developed,  in  the  realm  of  sci- 
ence.  In  his  early  boyhood  the  family  moved  to 
Illinois,  where  the  son,  to  help  in  the  support  of  the 
family,  became  a  cattle  herdsman  on  the  plains. 
He  early  disclosed  a  talent  for  drawing,  and  while 
a  student  at  Waveland  (Ind.)  Collegiate  Institute, 
he  supported  himself  and  paid  his  tuition  by  teach- 
ing and  giving  private  lessons  in  drawing.  A  quar- 
ter of  a  century  later  Westfield  (111.)  College  gave 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  Upon  Lincoln  's 
first  call  for  troops  for  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in 
the  12th  111.  volunteer  infantry,  and  at  the  reor- 
ganization of  that  command  he  reenlisted  for  three 


years'  service.  Later  he  joined  the  22d  Illinois, 
and  served  as  aide  to  its  colonel.  During  his  cam- 
paigning he  sketched  and  wrote  for  "Harper's 
Weekly''  and  "Illustrated  News,"  and  the  skill 
of  his  pencil  and  pen  having  attracted  the  attention 
of  his  superiors,  the  commanders  of  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  commissioned  him  to  paint,  from 
his  field  sketches,  a  series  of  national  paintings. 
After  the  war  he  was  found  in  the  lecture  field,  be- 
coming known  to  hundreds  of  audiences  as  "The 
Flaming  Meteor. ' '  Amassing  a  competence  in  the 
lecture  field,  he  spent  two  years,  in  Europe,  in  study 
and  creative  work,  and  upon  his  return  to  America 
he  retired  to  a  country  home  at  Burlington,  N.  .)., 
to  work  oait  his  art  ideals,  dividing  his  time  be- 
tween agriculture  and  painting.  His  style  is  bold 
and  realistic.  His  masterpiece  was  a  highly  origi- 
nal conception,  "The  March  of  Mortality,"  an  al- 
legorical painting,  representing  the  human  family 
in  procession,  mounted  upon  beautiful  steeds, 
marching  from  the  "light,  bright  world"  into  the 
"valley  of  death."  The  contrast  of  light  and 
shade  in  the  setting  of  landscape  through  which  the 
many  figures  move  is  strikingly  bold.  The  vivid 
noonday  heat  and  light  upon  the  rocks  of  the  far 
perspective  gradually  are  succeeded  by  an  easily 
advancing  gloom  that  at  length  deepens  into  the 
oppressive  darkness  of  the  "death  valley,"  mas- 
sively walled  on  either  side  by  moss-grown  rocks. 
His  best  canvasses  are  ' '  The  Landing  of  Neptune ' ' 
— a  mythological  study,  ' '  Liberty  ' ' — an  equine 
study,  "Heralds  of  Calvary,"  "Heavenward," 
' '  Queen  Fancy  's  Visit  to  Fairyland,  "  ' '  The  Eaves- 
dropper ' ' — an  equine  study,  ' '  Maternal  Solici- 
tude"— an  equine  study,  "Fancy's  Flight  to  De- 
struction," "Heralds  of  Morning,"  a  water 
color;  "The  Glory  of  Triumph,"  "The  Night 
Fiend's  Farewell  to  the  Angels  of  Morning," 
"Through  the  Flames  of  Love  and  Madness," 
and  in  water-color  thirty-two  historical  pic- 
tures of  the  campaigns  and  marches  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  published  ' '  The 
Tragedy  of  the  Ages"  (1S9.'I),  a  volume  of  poems, 
and  left  several  unpublished  works,  principally 
poetical.  He  was  married  (1),  January  14,  1S7:2, 
at  Grandview,  111.,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  John 
Young  Allison,  a  merchant  and  farmer  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Illinois  senate,  and  a  personal  friend  of 
Abraham  Lincoln;  she  died  in  1889,  and  he  was 
married  (2),  Oct.  17,  1912,  at  Jamestown,  N.  D., 
to  Mary  Virginia  Allison,  niece  of  the  first  Mrs. 
Travis.  He  died  at  "Nosilla,"  Burlington,  N.  J., 
July  24,  191H.  (Portrait  opposite  page  6.) 

CASSADY,  Harry  James,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  .'!,  1  s.~>8,  son  of 
James  and  Jane  (Morgan)  Cassady.  The  Cassadys 
are  a  distinguished  Irish  family  and  an  interest- 
ing account  of  their  origin  is  contained  in  Rooney  's 
Genealogical  History  of  Irish  families.  James 
Cassady,  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  foundry- 
man,  and  he  made  the  first  machine  for  putting 
heads  on  railroad  spikes.  Harry  James  Cassady 
received  his  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  Boston.  He  began  his  business  career 
in  1876  as  salesman  with  Biggs,  Spencer  &  Co., 
manufacturers  of  guns  and  cutlery,  Chicago,  and 
subsequently  learned  the  gun-making  trade  with 
E.  E.  Eaton,  Chicago.  For  fifteen  years  he  was 
in  the  gun  department  of  Hibbard,  Spencer,  Bart- 
lett  &  Co.,  wholesale  hardware  dealers  of  Chicago, 
and  for  eight  years  he  was  manager  of  the  mills 
of  the  Federal  Manufacturing  Co.  In  1903  he 
organized  the  Cassady-Fairbank  Manufacturing 
Co.,  for  the  making  of  hardware  specialties,  and 
for  twelve  years  was  its  president  and  general 


6 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


mauager.  He  is  director  in  the  Steel  Car  Co., 
Cleveland,  the  Groveland  Coal  Co.,  Chicago,  and 
the  Homer  F.  Wijcox  Oil  Gas  Co.,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
During  the  war  with  Germany  he  was  president 
of  the  Chaplains'  Aid  Association  of  the  National 
Catholic  War  Council.  He  was  formerly  a  member 
of  the  Montgomery  Light  Guards,  Boston,  and 
holds  membership  also  in  the  Knights  of  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  Athletic  Association,  South  Shore 
Country  and  Olympia  Fields  clubs,  Chicago, 
and  the  Kenrose  Club.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation 
in  microscopic  work  and  automobiling,  also  in 
breeding  collie  dogs.  Politically  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat. He  was  married  Oct.  4,  1892,  to  Margaret 
I.,  daughter  of  .lames  Fitzpatrick,  a  shipbuilder  of 
Somerville,  Mass.;  they  have  three  children:  Dor- 
iithy,  Ethel  and  Edith  Jane  Cassady,  and  two 
adopted  children:  Harry  James  and  Annie  Cas- 
sady- Parkas. 

STTDLER,  Carroll  Hopkins,  lithographer,  was 
born  at  Sudlersville,  Md.,  Nov.  7,  1869,  son  of 
John  Wells  Emory  (1817-81)  and  Martha  Virginia 
(Hopkins)  Sudler.  His  earliest  American  ancestor, 
Joseph  Sudler,  a  native  of  England,  emigrated  to 
Maryland  and  settled  on  Kent  Island,  Md.,  where 
he  secured  grants  of  land  from  Lord  Baltimore  and 
others,  about  1694  and  subsequent  thereto;  from 
him  and  his  wife  Ann,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Joseph;  his  son  Richard  and  the 
latter  's  wife  Margaret  Emory,  daughter  of  Lieut. 
Col.  Arthur  Emory  ;  and  their  son  Arthur  Emory 
and  his  wife  Mary  W.  Jackson,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  our  subject.  His  father,  Hon. 
John  W.  E.  Sudler,  was  twice  elected  to  the  Mary- 
land legislature  as  delegate  from  Queen  Anne 
county,  first  in  1857  and  again  in  1867.  Carroll  H. 
Sudler  received  his  preparatory  education  at 
l-'riiMids  Central  School,  Philadelphia,  and  was 
graduated  A.B.  at  Swarthmore  College  in  1888. 
The  same  year  he  began  his  business  career  with 
the  firm  of  Geo.  S.  Harris  &  Sons,  lithographers, 
Philadelphia,  and  after  four  years  '  practical  train- 
ing in  the  plant,  was  appointed  manager  of  their 
New  York  branch.  In  1893  he  was  made  manager 
of  the  Chicago  branch  of  the  same  firm.  In  De- 
cember, 1894,  he  became  western  manager  of  the 
Ketterlinus  Lithographic  Mfg.  Co.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  in  1897  was  elected  a  director  ami  resident 
vice-president,  with  offices  in  Chicago.  For  many 
years  Mr.  Sudler  has  been  active  in  the  National 
Association  of  Advertising  Specialty  Mfrs.,  and 
has  filled  the  office  of  treasurer  since  1!)17.  Shortly 
after  America  entered  the  European  war,  he  was 
appointed  chairman  of  the  war  service  committee 
of  the  Advertising  Specialty  Manufacturers'  As- 
sociation, and  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  ad- 
visory council  of  the  war  service  committee  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States 
(1917-19),  and  of  the  war  work  committee  of  the 
Illinois  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  he  has  served  as  chairman  of 
the  student  sub-committee,  since  1910,  this  com- 
mittee being  charged  with  the  establishment  and 
supervision  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work  in  colleges  and 
universities  of  Illinois.  In  1920  Mr.  Sudler  was 


d  state  president  of  the  Illinois  Young  Men  's 
Christian  Associations.  Mr.  Sudler  is  a  trustee  of 
the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution,  a  member  of  the  University  Club  of 
Chicago,  the  City  Club  and  the  Onwentsia  Country 
('lull  of  Lake  Forest.  He  is  fond  of  athletic 
sports  and  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  squash- 
racquets  and  golf.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  actively  interested  in  its 
benevolent  and  philanthropic  work.  He  was  mar- 


ried, Oct.  16,  1895,  to  Susan  B.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
George  S.  and  Margaret  W.  (Black)  Culbreth,  of 
Smyrna,  Del.,  and  has  three  children:  Capt.  Car- 
roll H.,  Jr.,  who  served  eleven  months  in  France 
with  the  First  Division,  A.E.F.,  retiring  to  private 
life  in  January,  1919,  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
36th  field  artillery;  Lieut.  Culbreth,  and  Louis  C. 
Sudler. 

TRUMAN,  Irwin  Joseph,  merchant  and 
I. .-inker,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  27, 
1*4(1,  son  of  Samuel  and  Ellen  (Irwin)  Truman. 
His  father,  a  farmer,  removed  to  Ontario,  Can., 
.and  the  son  was  educated  in  public  schools  there. 
Removing  to  California  in  1*61,  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  Baker  &  Hamilton,  hardware  merchants, 
of  Sacramento,  Cal.  He  opened  the  firm's  store 
in  San  Francisco,  and  was  its  manager  for  sixteen 
years.  In  1875  he  established  the  I.  J.  Truman 
Farm  Machinery  Co.,  which  was  incorporated  in 
ls*7  as  the  Truman-Hooker  Co.,  with  Mr.  Truman 
as  president  and  Mr.  C.  0.  Hooker  as  secretary 
and  vice-president,  and  he  continued  to  be  head  of 
the  business  until  1895.  In  that  year  he  became 
president  of  the  Columbian  Banking  Co.  During 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  was  interested  in  the 
development  of  suburban  real  estate  as  president 
of  the  Truman  Investment  Co.,  Owners'  Realty 
Co.,  and  Hollywood  Addition  Co.  In  1898  he 
served  one  term  as  treasurer  of  the  city  and  county 
of  San  Francisco.  But  his  religious  and  philan- 
thropic activities  were  even  broader  and  more  vital 
in  his  life  than  his  large  secular  affairs.  He  was 
a  life-long  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  was  treasurer  of  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  of  San  Francisco  for  a  number  of 
years  and  president  of  the  San  Fraaiciseo  Church 
Extension  Society  during  1896-1912.  From  the 
date  of  organization  he  was  a  member  of  the  joint 
board  of  directors  of  the  Fred  Finch  Orphanage, 
Oakland,  and  the  McKiuley  Orphanage  of  San 
Francisco,  and  for  several  years  was  their  treas- 
urer. Always  fond  of  little  children,  he  was  long 
the  steadfast  friend,  supporter  and  counselor  of 
this  philanthropy.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mercial Club,  San  Francisco,  and  belonged  to  the 
Republican  party.  Early  thrown  upon  his  own  re- 
sources, Mr.  Truman  acquired  those  habits  of  thrift, 
industry  and  economy  that  stood  him  in  good  stead 
all  his  life,  and  made  him  a  commanding  figure 
in  the  business  world.  He  had  a  distinguished 
presence,  a  winning  personality,  a  scholarly  mind 
and  a  common  sense  which  never  failed  him;  but 
more  than  these,  he  was  possessed  of  an  honesty 
impregnable  to  any  assault.  He  was  married  at 
Woodstock,  Ontario,  Can.,  May  10,  1860,  to  Paul- 
ina J.,  daughter  of  Seymour  Sage,  a  farmer.  He 
died  at  his  home,  at  North  Berkeley,  Cal.,  May 
27,  litis. 

BOWERSOX,  Charles  Alexander,  jurist  and 
capitalist,  was  born  in  St.  Joseph  township,  Wil- 
liams co.,  O.,  Oct.  16,  1846,  son  of  John  Warner 
and  Mary  Jane  (Breckenridge)  Bowersox.  The 
father  was  a  farmer  of  Baltimore  count}',  Md.  The 
son  was  educated  at  a  log  school-house  in  Williams 
county  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  taught  school. 
He  was  graduated  at  Otterbein  University,  Web- 
.sterville,  Franklin  CO.,  O.,  receiving  his  A.B.  in  1874 
and  his  A.M.  in  1*77.  During  1874-76  he  was 
superintendent  of  public  schools  of  Edgerton, 
Williams  co.,  O.,  serving  as  county  school  exam- 
iner, and  was  probate  judge  of  Williams  county 
1875-77.  Admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878,  he  went 
into  partnership  with  Edward  Foster  at  Bryan, 
O.,  under  the  name  of  Foster  &  Bowersox,  which 
dissolved  in  1883  on  the  former's  death.  In  1881 


WILLIAM  DEL.  T.  TRAVIS 
ARTIST 


HARRY  J.  CASSADY 
MANUFACTURER 


CARROLL  H.  SUDLER 

LITHOGRAPHER 


IK\VINT  J.  TRUMAN 
MERCHANT 


CHARLES  A.  BOWERSOX 
JUDGE  AND  BANKER 


OREN  E.  WILSON 
MERCHANT 


THOMAS  BARDON 

FINANCIER 


WILLIAM  R.  ABBOTT 

TELEPHONE  OFFICIAL 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


he  served  one  term  in  the  lower  house  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly  of  Ohio,  and  was  reflected  in  19U8 
for  one  term  of  two  sessions.  Previously,  in  1883, 
he  had  been  appointed  judge  of  common  pleas  for 
the  second  sub-division  of  the  judicial  district  of 
Ohio,  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term,  and  in  1916 
was  elected  to  this  position  in  the  Williams  county 
subdivision  of  the  third  judicial  district.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  president  of  the  Farmers  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Bryan,  and  for  a  brief  period,  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Montpelier,  O.  He  has 
also  been  president  of  the  Edon  (O.)  State  Bank, 
the  Edgerton  (O.)  State  Bank  Co.,  the  Bruns- 
Bowersox  Lumber  Co.,  the  Enos  Taylor  Boat  & 
Barge  Line  Co.,  and  the  Bruns-Bowersox  Land 
Co.  In  1877  he  edited  the  Bryan  "Press,"  and 
in  1890  was  elected  president  of  Otterbein  Uni- 
versity, resigning  two  years  later.  Since  1907  he 
has  been  vice-president  of  the  Stryker  Boat,  Oar 
and  Lumber  Co.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar  Mason, 
a  Republican,  and  a  communicant  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  He  finds  his  chief  diversions  in 
music  and  literature  and  on  his  old  homestead 
farm.  He  was  married  at  Westerville,  O.,  June 
10,  1885,  to  Laura  Alice,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Jarvis,  a  hardware  merchant  of  Westerville;  they 
have  two  children:  Charles  Ralph,  secretary  and 
manager  of  the  Bryan  (0.)  Show  Case  Co.,  and 
Helene  Bowersox. 

WILSON,  Oren  Elbridge,  merchant  and  in- 
surance agent,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  10, 
1844,  son  of  Thomas  and  Louisa  (Manson)  Wilson. 
His  father  was  a  builder  and  contractor  of  New 
York  city.  Oren  E.  Wilson  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  New 
York  city,  at  Clinton  (N.  Y.)  Liberal  Institute, 
and  the  Columbia  Law  School,  but  before  com- 
pleting the  course  became  the  confidential  clcik 
of  William  M.  Whitney,  senior  member  of  the 
Albany  dry  goods  firm  of  Whitney  &  Myers. 
When  the  partnership  dissolved  in  1870,  Mr. 
Wilson  accompanied  Mr.  Whitney  to  Albany, 
where  for  twenty-two  years  he  was  financial  and 
confidential  manager.  He  manifested  a  lively  in- 
terest in  the  cause  of  education  in  Albany,  in  1879 
was  chosen  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Young 
Men 's  Association,  and  in  1881-82  served  as  its 
treasurer,  becoming  president  of  the  association  in 
1883.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  public 
instruction  for  three  terms.  He  was  a  life  trus- 
tee of  the  Young  Men  's  Association,  and  in  1894 
was  elected  mayor  of  Albany  on  a  fusion  ticket. 
His  appearance  in  public,  directing  city  employes 
in  their  work,  and  his  personal  entry  into  the  cam- 
paign to  suppress  the  disorderly  element  of  the 
city  evoked  state-wide  recognition.  After  1911  he 
was  manager  for  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  Co. 
in  Chicago,  111.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican 
and  in  religion  a  Universalist.  He  was  married  in 
1867  to  M.  Emma,  daughter  of  Elbridge  G. 
Brooks,  and  they  had  four  children,  one  of  whom 
survived.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Mar.  2,  1917. 
BARDON,  Thomas,  banker  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  Oct.  22,  1848,  son  of 
Richard  and  Mary  (Roche)  Bardon.  His  father, 
a  native  of  County  Wexford,  Ireland,  came  to 
America  in  1844,  resided  for  a  few  years  in  New 
York  city,  was  a  leather  and  shoe  merchant  of 
Maysville,  Ky.,  during  1847-57,  and  in  the  latter 
year  settled  at  Superior,  Wis.,  where  he  was  clerk 
of  the  courts  and  at  his  death  was  serving  his 
second  term  as  county  judge  of  Douglas  county. 
Thomas  Bardon  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic and  high  schools  of  Maysville  and  Superior. 
During  1867-71  he  was  connected  with  the  engi- 


neering department  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road on  the  first  preliminary  surveys  and  con- 
structive work  of  that  company.  In  1872  he  set- 
tled at  Ashland,  Wis.,  where  he  became  interested 
in  timber  and  iron  land,  and  thus  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  prosperity.  He  has  served  as  chairman 
of  the  Town  Board  of  Supervisors,  and  later  was 
mayor  of  the  city  for  four  terms.  In  1885  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Ashland  National 
Bank  and  has  been  its  president  since  that  time. 
He  has  substantial  timber  holdings  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  in  Washington  and  California,  and  extensive 
interests  in  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  timber  and 
farm  lands;  is  president  of  the  Shattuck  Arizona 
Copper  Mining  Co.,  one  of  the  rich  group  of  mines 
in  the  Bisbee,  Ariz.,  district,  and  is  a  large  stock- 
holder and  president  of  the  Denn  Arizona  Copper 
Co.,  same  camp ;  is  president  of  the  Northern  Chief 
Iron  Co.  of  Wausau,  Wis.,  owning  the  fee  of  valu- 
able iron  properties  on  the  Gogebic  Iron  Range  in 
Wisconsin,  near  Lake  Superior,  which  company 
leases  its  property  on  a  royalty  basis  to  mining 
companies;  and  he  is  a  large  owner  of  city  prop- 
erty in  Ashland.  Mr.  Bardon  is  a  life  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society,  and  the  Min- 
nesota Historical  Society,  and  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Geographical  Society,  Wisconsin  Archeolog- 
ical  Society,  and  the  Old  Settlers  Association  of 
Superior  and  Duluth.  An  extensive  traveler  in 
this  country  as  well  as  in  Europe,  Mr.  Bardon  pos- 
sesses a  wide  knowledge  of  men  and  affairs  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States.  He  was  married  in 
Winona,  Minn.,  1884,  to  Jennie,  daughter  of  E.  T. 
Grant,  of  Winona,  Minn.,  and  has  two  children: 
Belle,  wife  of  George  H.  Quayle,  of  Cleveland,  0., 
and  Thomas,  Jr.,  Yale,  and  University  of  New 
York,  who  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army  when  an  at- 
torney in  New  York  City.  He  was  commissioned 
a  First  Lieutenant  in  the' Infantry  section  and  sent 
overseas.  While  in  the  service  he  was  recom- 
mended by  his  Colonel  for  a  captaincy  and  was 
acting  as  "such  when  the  armistice  was  signed  and 
he  was  mustered  out.  He  is  now  (1920)  an  at- 
torney in  New  York  City. 

ABBOTT,  William  Eufus,  telephone  official, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Sept.  18,  1869,  son 
of  William  McKee  and  Hessy  (Beggs)  Abbott, 
and  grandson  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (McKee) 
Abbott,  who  came  from  Lisburn,  Ireland,  in  183:5, 
and  settled  in  New  York  city;  he  was  a  skilled 
mechanic,  building  machinery  of  various  kinds, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  firm  of 
Starkey  &  Abbott,  afterwards  Day  &  Abbott, 
finally  retiring  to  a  farm  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y. 
William  McKee  Abbott,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century  with  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad  Co. ;  later,  he  was 
general  eastern  agent  in  New  York  for  the  New 
York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad  Co.,  and  subse- 
quently became  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Co.  at'Hoboken,  N.  J.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war  as  private  in  the  72d  regiment,  New  York 
volunteer  infantry,  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  captured  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
confined  for  nine  months  in  Libby  Prison,  and 
later  transferred  to  the  Parole  Annapolis,  where 
he  remained  as  clerk  to  the  commandant  until  the 
close  of  the  war;  he  made  out  discharge  papers 
for  several  hundred  thousand  prisoners  during 
that  period.  He  died  in  New  York,  October  1, 
1919.  William  R.  Abbott  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  New  York  city.  In  1885 
he  became  clerk  in  the  auditor's  office,  New  Y'ork, 
of  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad 
Co.,  continuing  four  years  in  that  relation.  He 


8 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


then  entered  the  telephone  service  with  the  Bell 
System  as  clerk  and  cashier  in  the  offices  of  the 
Westchester  Telephone  Co.,  New  York  city,  and  in 
1S91  became  clerk  in  the  general  superintendent 's 
offices  of  the  Metropolitan  Telegraph  &  Telephone 
Co.,  now  the  New  York  Telephone  Co.  He  went 
to  Chicago  in  1893  as  clerk  for  the  Chicago  Tele- 
phone Co.,  being  promoted  through  several  depart- 
ments, occupying  the  positions  of  chief  clerk  to 
the  general  superintendent,  special  agent  in  charge 
of  right  of  way  and  claims,  and  since  1914  has 
been  general  manager  of  the  company.  He  is  also 
a  director  in  the  Union  Trust  Co.,  and  in  the 
Beardslee  Chandelier  Manufacturing  Co.,  Chicago. 
He  has  served  as  director  (1906-08),  vice-presi- 
dent (1909-10)  and  president  (1911)  of  the  Chi- 
cago Athletic  Association;  secretary  (1912-14), 
vice-president  (1915-16),  president  (1916-17)  and 
director  (1912-18)  of  the  Industrial  Club  of  Chi- 
cago; director  (1901-05),  vice-president  (1903-04) 
and  president  (1905)  of  the  Edgewater  Country 
Club ;  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee  (1917-18)  and  di- 
rector (1918-20)  of  the  Chicago  Association  of 
Commerce;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Chicago, 
Exmoor  Country,  Electric,  and  Adventurers'  clubs, 
Chicago;  was  commodore  (1905)  of  the  Delavan 
Lake  (Wis.)  Yacht  Club;  director  (1915-19)  and 
treasurer  (1915-17)  of  the  Delavau  Country  Club, 
and  lie  holds  membership  also  in  the  Jovian  Or- 
der, Chicago  Historical  Society,  and  the  Chicago 
Art  Institute,  and  in  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf  ami  swimming. 
Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  and  he  is  a  com- 
municant of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was 
married  in  Chicago,  111.,  June  1,  1892,  to  Mabel 
Bosalie,  daughter  of  Edward  Harland,  manufac- 
turer, of  Chicago;  they  have  two  children:  Hester 
and  William  Rufus  Abbott,  Jr. 

CRAWFORD,  Samuel,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Ballibay,  County  Monaghan,  Ireland,  Apr.  11, 
1820,  son  of  John  and  Agnes  (Stewart)  Crawford. 
He  was  afforded  excellent  educational  advantages, 
including  those  of  higher  academic  order.  In  1840 
he  came  to  America  and  for  a  year  studied  law 
at  Warwick,  Orange  CO.,  N.  Y.,  later  removing  to 
liali'iia,  111.,  where  he  continued  his  legal  studies 
under  the  preceptorship  of  John  M.  Douglas, 
afterwards  president  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road Co.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844,  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  towrl 
of  New  Diggius,  Wis.  In  1844  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Francis  Dunn  and  David  W. 
Jones  at  Mineral  Point,  Wis.  The  firm  of  Dunn, 
Crawford  &  Jones  was  dissolved  in  1850,  having 
been  prominently  identified,  on  one  side  or  the 
other,  with  practically  all  of  the  important  litiga- 
tion in  that  section.  Thereafter  he  conducted 
an  individual  practice  which  extended  to  the  ad- 
joining circuits,  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
and  the  courts  of  the  United  States.  He  gained 
special  prominence  and  priority  in  connection  with 
mining  and  criminal  causes,  and  his  reputation 
far  transcended  local  limitations.  When,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  the  constitution 
of  the  then  new  state  of  Wisconsin,  the  separate 
supreme  court  was  organized,  he  was  elected  one 
of  its  first  members.  His  decisions,  found  in  the 
first  three  volumes  of  the  "Wisconsin  Reports," 
are  veritable  models  of  conciseness  and  circum- 
spection. Having  drawn  the  short  term  he  be- 
came a  candidate  for  re-election  in  1855,  but  his 
views  in  regard  to  the  power  of  congress  to  legis- 
late in  regard  to  fugitive  slaves,  as  expressed  in 
his  dissenting  opinion  in  the  famous  Booth  ease, 


cost  him  his  success.  After  a  period  spent  in 
Madison,  he  resumed  his  law  practice  at  Mineral 
Point,  where  he  continued  successfully  until  his 
death.  Although  unwavering  in  his  allegiance  to 
the  Democratic  party,  he  was  staunch  in  his  be- 
lief in  the  policy  of  maintaining  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment and  Union  as  indestructible,  and  was  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  state  militia.  His  was 
a  life  of  exalted  service  and  purpose.  Not  only 
did  he  leave  a  marked  impress  upon  the  history 
of  Wisconsin  jurisprudence,  but  he  stood  as  ex- 
emplar of  the  most  broad-minded  citizenship  and 
ordered  his  life  on  the  highest  plane  of  integ- 
rity and  honor.  He  was  married  at  Norton,  Mass., 
Aug.  16,  1849,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  Dr.  Richard 
Sweet,  of  Boston,  Mass. :  she  died  in  !>>9.'i.  There 
are  two  surviving  children:  John  W.,  Galena,  111., 
and  Minnie  S.,  wife  of  William  S.  Rci^s.  Mineral 
Point.  Mrs.  Ross  is  influential  in  philanthropic 
and  religious  work,  as  well  as  in  social  and  in- 
tellectual activities,  and  is  author  of  "Around  the 
Mediterranean."  Mr.  Crawford  died  at  Mineral 
Point,  Wis.,  Feb.  28,  1861. 

SWARTZ,  Edward  George,  lumberman,  was 
born  in  Deer  Lodge  county,  Mont.,  Mar.  16,  1866, 
son  of  George  and  Aurelia  Jane  (Coldren)  Swartz. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Wurtemberjr,  Germany,  was 
a  successful  lumberman.  Edward  George  Swartz 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  public  schools, 
and  was  a  student  at  Washburn  College,  Topeka, 
Kan.,  during  1882-85.  In  the  latter  year  he  began 
his  business  career  at  Newton,  Kan.,  with  H.  S. 
Dean  &  Co.,  lumber  merchants.  In  1888,  he  or- 
ganized the  E.  G.  Swartz  Co.,  lumber  manu- 
facturers with  mills  at  Chidester,  Ark.,  and  Inter 
at  Swartz,  La.  He  sold  his  interest  in  this  con- 
cern in  1902  and  shortly  after  joined  with  William 
L.  Burton  in  forming  the  Burton-Swartz  Cypress 
Co.,  which  is  still  "in  existence  (1920).  This 
company  is  among  the  largest  manufacturers  of 
cypress  lumber,  and  has  extensive  interests  in 
Louisiana  and  Florida,  its  chief  mills  being  at 
Perry,  Fla.,  and  Burton,  La.,  the  Burton-Swartz 
Cypress  Co.  of  Burton  being  under  the  same  man- 
agement as  the  Burton-Swartz  Cypress  Co.  of 
Florida.  Mr.  Swartz  served  a  term  as  president 
of  the  Lafourche  Basin  levee  board  in  charge  of 
the  lower  Mississippi  levees,  having  been  appointed 
by  Gov.  Hall  of  Louisiana.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  Chi- 
cago ;  treasurer  of  the  Southern  Cypress  Manufac- 
turers'  Association,  New  Orleans;  a  life  member 
of  the  Luther  Burbank  Society,  Santa  Rosa,  Calif., 
and  a  member  of  the  Boston  and  Delta  Duck  clubs, 
New  Orleans.  He  is  a  collector  of  Audubon  works, 
and  finds  his  recreation  in  hunting.  Politically  he 
is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion  a  Protestant.  He 
was  married  (I)  at  Hartland,  Kans.,  Sept.  21st, 
1888,  to  Mary  Frances,  daughter  of  George  Row- 
land Madison,  of  Carthage,  Mo.;  she  died  in  1899, 
and  he  was  married  (II)  July  23d,  1903,  to 
Eleanor  Keene,  daughter  of  Alexander  Keene 
Richards,  of  Georgetown,  Ky. ;  there  was  one  child 
by  the  first  union:  Frances  Madison  Swartz. 

HITCHINGS,  Hector  Morrison,  lawyer,  was 
born  at  Graveseiid,  L.  I.,  Dec.  12,  1855,  son  of 
Benjamin  G.  and  Catherine  Newberry  (Moon) 
Hitchings.  His  first  American  ancestor  was  Daniel 
Hitchings.  of  London,  Kng.,  who  obtained  a  grant 
from  the  Indians  in  King  Philip's  war  to  open 
mines  at  Lynn.  Mass.,  which  are  still  in  the  posses- 
sion of  his  descendants.  From  Daniel  Hitchings 
the  line  is  traced  through  his  son  Abijah  and  the 
latter 's  wife  Mary  Gardner;  their  son  Abijah  and  . 
his  wife  Mary  Cloutman;  and  their  sou  Benjamin, 


p* 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Wild,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  our  subject.  His  father,  a  graduate  of 
Aniherst  College  in  1N32  and  a  student  at  Yale  and 
Harvard  law  school,  was  an  active  practitioner 
until  his  death  in  1893.  Hector  M.  Hitchings  was 
educated  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  and  Amherst 
College  (1874-76),  leaving  the  latter  to  take  up 
the  study  of  law  under  his  father.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1*79,  and  opening  an  office 
in  New  York  city  has  been  identified  with  many 
famous  cases.  With  his  father  he  was  engaged  in 
extensive  litigation  affecting  Coney  Island,  which 
belonged  to  the  town  of  (iravesend,  and  which  was 
desired  by  certain  public  service  corporations.  One 
of  his  greatest  successes  was  attained  in  the  pro- 
curement of  the  writ  of  error  in  the  U.  S.  supreme 
court  in  1S91,  in  connection  with  the  conviction  of 
Peter  J.  Classon  for  wrecking  the  Sixth  National 
Bank  of  New  York  city.  He  obtained  a  ruling 
from  the  court  that  four  of  the  five  counts  upon 
which  the  defendant  had  been  convicted  did  not 
charge  a  felony,  and  ultimately  secured  Mr.  Clas- 
son 's  pardon  from  Pres.  Harrison.  He  represented 
the  defendant  in  People  vs.  The  Republic  Savings 
&  Loan  Association,  in  1900,  a  proceeding  to  wind 
uji  a  building  loan  corporation.  In  the  case  of 
William  J.  Robinson  vs.  Vanescope  Co.  and  the 
same  against  L.  J.  Van  Riper,  tried  before  the 
U.  S.  District  Court  in  N.  Y.  in  1915,  he  obtained 
a  judgment  of  .$190,000  against  the  former,  and  a. 
judgment  of  $lf").000  twice  against  the  latter. 
For  many  years  he  has  successfully  defended  the 
Snare  k  Triest  Co.,  bridge  builders,  in  their  acci- 
dent as  well  as  other  litigations.  Since  attaining 
his  majority  Mr.  Hitchings  has  been  a  staunch 
Republican  until  1912,  supporting  Elaine,  Garfiold, 
McKinlev,  Harrison  and  Roosevelt,  but  in  1912  he 
becafie  the  Progressive  candidate  for  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York  in  New  York 
county,  but  was  not  elected.  In  all  the  fields  of 
his  activity  he  has  adhered  to  high  standards  of 
thought  and  deed.  When  he  once  accepts  a  re- 
tainer, his  client  receives  from  that  time  the  full 
and  complete  services  of  an  energetic,  thoroughly 
equipped  and  devoted  advocate.  His  favorite  di- 
versions are  motoring  and  golf.  He  was  married 
July  15,  1881,  to  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  John  IX 
Lyman,  for  many  years  secretary  of  state  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  has  two  children:  Christine,  wife 
of  Sinclair  Hamilton,  lawyer,  of  New  York  city; 
and  John  L.  Hitchings,  member  of  the  U.  S. 
aviation  corps,  during  the  European  war. 

HALL,  Emery  Stanford,  architect,  was  born 
at  Bergiss  Springs  Farm,  near  Chatsworth,  111., 
Nov.  25,  1869,  son  of  Justin  Smith  (born  1840) 
and  Sarah  Mehitable  (Stanford)  Hall.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  one  of  three  Hall 
brothers  who  came  from  Wales  in  the  early  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  This  one  settled  in 
Massachusetts,  and  from  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Enoch  (born  1752)  and 
his  wife,  Bertha  Crocker;  their  son  Zenas  (born 
1783)  and  his  wife,  Betsey  Clark;  to  their  son  El- 
bridge  G.  (born  1810)  and  his  wife,  Hannah  K. 
Robinson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Emery 
Stanford  Hall.  Enoch  was  a  private  in  the  war 
of  the  revolution,  and  Zenas  served  in  the  war  of 
1812.  His  maternal  grandparents  were  Emery 
and  Mary  (Elliott)  Stanford,  the  former  of  Rome, 
N.  Y.,  the  latter  a  direct  descendant  of  the  ' '  May- 
flower ' '  Elliotts.  His  father,  a  native  of  Park- 
man,  Me.,  was  a  student  at  the  old  University  of 
Chicago  in  1860;  was  a  member  of  the  104th 
regiment,  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  during  the 
civil  war;  was  subsequently  teacher  and  farmer, 


and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen 
and  president  of  the  park  board,  of  Urbana, 
111.  He  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  district  school,  Butler  township;  village  school, 
East  Lynn,  Vermillion  co.,  111. ;  at  a  summer 
school  at  Danville,  111.,  and  in  the  preparatory 
department  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Illinois  in 
1895  with  the  degree  B.S.  in  architecture,  and  be 
gan  his  professional  career  as  a  draughtsman  in 
the  office  of  William  Prosser,  Jr.,  Chicago,  in 
1892.  Three  years  later  he  began  the  independent 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  since  specialized 
on  acoustics  of  auditoriums  and  auditorium  plan- 
ning. He  designed  the  first  sheet  metal  asbestos 
theater  curtain  ever  made  in  the  United  States, 
and  which  was  erected  the  second  day  after  the 
famous  Iroquois  Theatre  fire  in  Chicago.  He  was 
architect  for  the  Young  Men  's  Christian  Associa- 
tion College,  Fifty-third  street,  Chicago;  the  First 
Baptist  Church,  Marietta,  O.,  and  the  Tabernacle 
Baptist  Church,  Chicago.  He  has  designed  a  num 
ber  of  river  steamboats  and  other  equipment  for 
river  navigation.  He  is  architect,  engineer  and 
purchasing  agent  for  the  Saskatchawan  Steamship 
and  Coal  Co.,  engaged  in  the  development  of  river 
navigation  and  coal  mining  on  the  north  branch  of 
the  Saskatchawan  river,  in  Canada.  He  is  a  con- 
tributor to  the  "Inland  Architect,"  "American 
Contractor,"  "American  Team  Owner,"  and  is 
editor  of  the  "Handbook  for  Architects  and  Build 
ers. "  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Architects' 
Business  Association,  of  which  he  was  president 
during  1901-02,  and  of  which  he  has  been  secretary 
since  1905,  and  of  the  Illinois  Society  of  Archi 
tects,  of  which  he  was  president  during  1913-14. 
He  is  chairman  of  the  board  of  deacons  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  Church,  Chicago.  He  was 
married  at  Mendota,  111.,  June,  1900,  to  Clara 
Louisa,  daughter  of  Joseph  W.  Adams,  a  painting 
and  decorating  contractor,  of  Mendota.  They 
have  four  children:  Halbert  Hugo,  Josephine 
Sarah,  Ruth  A  Men  and  Eunice  Stanford  Hall. 

BROCKETT,  Andrew  Jackson,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Bristolville,  Trumbull  county, 
O.,  Mar.  22,  1836,  son  of  Alanson  and  Anna  Maria 
(Moffett)  Brockett.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  John  Brockett,  who  came  from 
Hatfield,  Hertfordshire,  England,  in  1635.  From 
him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son 
John  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Doolittle;  their  son 
Moses  and  his  wife  Lydia  Ann  Grannis;  their  son 
Abel  and  his  wife  Hannah  Pierpont,  to  their  son 
Chauncey  Brockett  and  his  wife  Anne  Redway, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Andrew  J.  Brockett. 
In  163S,  John  Broc'kett  (I),  with  several  others, 
went  to  a  tract,  of  land  near  the  Quinnipiac  river, 
the  present  site  of  New  Haven,  which  they  pur- 
chased from  the  Indians,  and  "taking  the  Bible 
for  their  guide, ' '  laid  the  foundation  of  a  town, 
and  called  it  New  Haven.  John  Brockett  (II), 
born  in  New  Haven,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  Eng- 
land, and  became  a  physician  in  New  Haven.  He 
gave  his  large  and  valuable  medical  library  to  Yale. 
He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  attainments  for  his 
time,  and  was  the  first  permanent  resident  physi- 
cian in  the  New  Haven  Colony.  Abel  Brockett 
(IV)  was  a  stalwart  colonial  patriot,  partici- 
pating in  the  French  and  Indian  wars.  Alanson 
Brockett,  father  of  our  subject  and  a  native  of 
Oswego,  was  an  ardent  abolitionist  and  an  earnest 
worker  on  the  "underground  railway.1'  Raised 
on  his  father's  farm  Andrew  J.  Brockett  began 
his  education  in  district  schools.  At  the  age  nf 
fifteen  he  became  a  student  at  Western  Reserve 


10 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


Seminary,  Farmington,  where  he  studied  civil  en- 
gineering, subsequently  receiving  his  B.Sc.  degree 
from  that  institution.  In  1$56  he  went  to  Minne- 
sota to  work  as  a  civil  engineer.  The  following 
year  he  preempted  a  claim  and  secured  additional 
acres  by  purchase  at  Fair  Haven,  Minn.,  where 
he  devoted  his  attention  to  surveying.  In  1858  he 
began  the  study  of  medicine  at  Bristolville,  O., 
and  he  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  Medi- 
cine of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1862  with 
the  degree  of  M.D.  After  a  brief  practice  at 
Bristolville  he  entered  the  Federal  army  for  the 
civil  war,  and  was  assigned  to  hospital  duty  in 
Cincinnati  and  Columbus.  In  1864  he  received  a 
commission  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the  1st  regi- 
ment Ohio  volunteer  infantry  and  was  soon  after 
detailed  as  surgeon  to  the  6th  Ohio  battery  and 
Bridge's  light  artillery  of  Chicago.  Upon  being 
mustered  out  at  Chattanooga  at  the  close  of  1864, 
he  reentered  the  service  as  assistant  surgeon, 
U.S.A.;  was  for  a  time  ia  charge  of  hospitals  at 
Camp  Chase,  O.,  and  later  became  surgeon  of  the 
^sth  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry  and  of  the 
regiment  known  as  the  "Iowa  Greybeards." 
While  on  active  service  he  participated  in  twenty- 
seven  battles  with  Sherman  's  army  in  the  Georgia 
campaign.  At  the  close  of  hostilities  he  resumed 
practice  at  Bristolville,  settling  in  Cleveland  in 
1883.  There  he  retired  from  active  professional 
life.  For  thirty  years  he  was  vice-president  of 
the  Huber  Manufacturing  Co.,  Marion,  O.,  mak- 
ers of  agricultural  machinery.  He  was  also  con- 
nected with  companies  manufacturing  pottery  and 
other  clay  products;  was  interested  in  gold  and 
silver  mining  in  the  West,  and  was  an  otticer  in 
several  banks.  To  the  end  of  his  life  he  main- 
tained membership  ami  active  interest  in  the 
American  Medical  Association,  in  the  medical  so- 
cieties of  Ohio  State,  Cuyahoga  county,  Cleveland, 
and  Trumbull  county,  and  in  the  Cuyahoga  Medico- 
Legal  Society ;  he  was  a  founder  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Trumbull  County  Medical  Society. 
He  was  also  a  companion  of  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion,  surgeon  of  his  post  G.A.B.  and 
a  member  also  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  a  trus- 
tee of  Epworth  Memorial  church,  Cleveland.  Dr. 
Brockett  was,  politically,  a  Republican.  He  was  a 
man  of  broad  learning  and  great  skill  and  indus- 
try. He  was  an  honorable  and  upright  man,  and 
a  generous  friend.  He  was  married  (1)  at  Fair 
Haven,  Minn.,  Jan.  In,  lN"i>,  to  Amelia  Josephine 
Noyes;  she  died  in  1S69,  and  he  was  married  (2) 
at  Bristolville,  O.,  July  14,  1MSO,  to  Mary  Pond,  who 
died  in  1886.  He  was  married  (3)  at  Waterbury, 
Conn.,  June  1st,  18S7,  to  Anna  Whiting;  there  are 
four  children  of  the  first  marriage:  Royal  Burton, 
Ernest  Lavelle,  Don  E.  J.  and  a  daughter,  Anna 
Kvrri'tt  Whiting,  now  Mrs.  James  Stanley  Vande- 
voort,  of  Bristolville,  and  one  child  by  the  second 
marriage:  Earl  Andrew  Brockett.  Andrew  J. 
Brockett  died  in  Cleveland,  O.,  Aug.  12,  1912. 

WILBUR,  William  Nelson,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Pepperell,  Mass.,  Mar.  25,  1860,  son 
of  Henry  Oscar  and  Harriet  (Lawrence)  Wilbur, 
and  a  descendant  of  Lawrence  Wilbur,  a  native  of 
England,  who  came  to  America  in  1711  and  settled 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Camden,  N.  J.,  and  at  Lafayette  Col- 
lege, where  he  was  graduated  A.B.  in  1880.  In  the 
same  year  he  began  his  business  career  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Royal  Insurance  Co.  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Following  this  Mr.  Wilbur  spent  some  time  on 
a  ranch  in  Kansas,  and  then  took  up  newspaper 
work  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  returned  to  Phila- 


delphia to  form  a  copartnership  with  his  father, 

who  for  many  years  had  been  connected  with  Sam- 
uel Croft  under  the  firm  name  of  Croft,  Wilbur  & 
Co.,  high  grade  confectioners.  Deciding  to  sepa- 
rate the  chocolate  business  proper  from  general 
confectionery,  in  February,  1884,  he  founded  the 
firm  of  H.  O.  Wilbur  &  Sons,  which  was  continued 
as  a  partnership  until  January,  1909,  when  it  be- 
came a  corporation,  with  Henry  0.  Wilbur  as  presi- 
dent ;  William  Nelson  Wilbur,  vice-president  and 
general  manager;  John  W.  Scott,  treasurer,  and 
Bertrand  K.  Wilbur,  secretary.  The  company 's  fac- 
tory in  Philadelphia  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
United  States  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of 
chocolate.  It  contains  242,400  square  feet;  em- 
ploys 650  hands,  and  its  yearly  output  is  approxi- 
mately 15,000,000  pounds.  From  time  to  time  Mr. 
Wilbur  was  connected  with  various  other  industrial 
as  well  as  commercial  and  financial  undertakings. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of 
the  Fine  Arts,  the  Academy  of  Political  and  So- 
cial Science,  the  Union  League,  and  the  University, 
Merion  Cricket,  Radnor  Hunt  and  Corinthian 
Yacht  clubs.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  he  was  an  attendant  of  the 
Episcopal  church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  fox  hunting,  literature  and  yachting.  He  had 
broad  learning  united  with  great  skill  and  indus- 
try, and  nothing  that  he  undertook  was  unworthy 
of  his  best  efforts.  As  a  citizen  he  was  distin- 
guished for  his  intelligent  and  earnest  interest  and 
participation  in  public  affairs.  He  was  married  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  Apr.  29,  1885,  to  Elizabeth  Mason, 
daughter  of  William  Fitch,  a  manufacturer  of  cot- 
ton goods  of  Fitchville,  Conn.;  she  survived  him 
with  five  children:  Lawrence  Hillhouse;  William 
Fitch;  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Arthur  Mowbray 
Randolph  Charrington;  Harriet  Mason  anil  John 
Mason  Wilbur.  He  died  at  his  country  home, 
"  Idlewood  Farms,"  Devon,  Pa.,  May  2,  1916. 

BOWMAJf,  John  McEntee,  hotel  man,  was 
born  in  Toronto,  Out.,  Can.,  July  20,  1875,  son  of 
John  and  Anne  (McEntee)  Bowman,  of  Scotch 
and  Irish  ancestry,  who  settled  in  Canada  in  the 
18th  century.  John  McE.  Bowman  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Torouto.  As  a 
youth  he  sought  fortune  in  the  United  States,  se- 
curing employment  in  a  hotel  at  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y.,  as  a  junior  clerk.  In  1899  he  came  to  New 
York  city,  armed  with  a  letter  of  introduction  to 
the  manager  of  one  of  the  leading  hotels  of  that 
day.  The  latter  ignored  the  letter,  but  some  years 
later  the  subject  acquired  control  of  his  hotel. 
His  early  days  in  the  metropolis  were  a  constant 
struggle  for  existence,  and  for  a  time  he  walked 
half  the  length  of  the  city  because  he  could  get  in 
the  vicinity  of  Park  Row  a  substantial  meal  for  a 
quarter,  which  for  the  same  price  could  not  be 
duplicated  uptown.  He  made  his  first  real  step 
forward  when  he  entered  the  service  of  Gustav 
Baumann,  manager  of  the  Holland  House,  then 
the  most  fashionable  of  New  York  hotels.  Becom- 
ing Baumann  's  secretary,  he  acquired  a  thorough 
grasp  of  the  science  of  hotel  keeping.  When  Ban- 
mann  conceived  the  Hotel  Biltmore,  he  made  his 
assistant  the  vice-president  of  the  company,  and 
when,  during  the  first  year  of  the  hotel's  opera- 
tion, Baumann  lost  his  life  in  an  accident,  Mr. 
Bowman  became  president  of  the  corporation.  Un- 
der his  direction  the  Biltmore  has  become  one  of 
the  most  noted  and  test  patronized  hotels  in  the 
world.  The  success  of  the  Biltmore  attracted  cap- 
ital and  a  few  years  later  he  organized  a  company 
and  took  over  the  operation  of  the  Hotel  Manhat- 
tan. He  next  became  prc-ident  of  the  company 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


11 


operating  The  Ansonia,  and  in  lf(17,  as  head  of  an- 
other company,  he  bought  the  Hotel  Belmont  and 
the  Murray  Hill  Hotel.  His  next  venture  wag  the 
great  Commodore,  a  dooming  the  Grand  Central 
Terminal.  He  is  president  of  the  Armhow  Operat- 
ing Corporation,  the  Beau-Site  Co.,  the  Bowman 
1  Intel  Corporation,  and  of  companies  operating  the 
Hotel  Griswold,  New  London,  Conn.,  and  the  Hotel 
Belleview,  Bellair,  Pla.  He  is  chief  executive  also 
of  the  company  which  in  1919  began  building  the 
Westchester-Biltmore,  Rye,  N.  T.,  and  the  Hotel 
Savilla  in  Havana,  Cuba.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Harriman  National  Bank,  the  Official  Hotel 
Red  Book  &  Directory  Co.,  and  various  other  cor- 
porations. During  the  European  war  he  rendered 
his  country  signal  service  as  chief  of  the  hotel, 
restaurant,  dining  car  and  steamship  division  of 
tne  United  States  Food  Administration,  in  which 
capacity  he  was  a>ble  to  secure  the  cooperation  of 
practically  all  the  hotels  and  public  eating  houses 
of  the  country  in  a  systematic  effort  to  save  food. 
It  was  he  who  suggested  'the  idea  of  doing  without 
wheat  in  any  form  for  a  long' hy  period,  and  per- 
sonally obtained  pledges  from  thousands  of  hotel 
and  restaurant  men  to  use  no  wheat  in  any  form 
in  their  establishments  until  after  the  harvest  then 
three  months  away.  This_  assured  a  supply  of 
wheat  to  the  Allies  at  a  time  when  they  were  in 
sore  need.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  horses, 
and  is  a  director  of  the  National  Horse  Show  As- 
sociation, besides  being  an  exhibitor  for  many 
years.  As  president  of  the  so-called  Pershing 
Square  group  of  hotels  he  has  gained  an  interna- 
tional reputation.  Chief  among  his  proposed  new 
hotels  is  the  five  million  dollar  hostelry  and  club  in 
course  of  erection  on  the  Hobart  Park  estate,  com- 
prising six  hundred  acres  near  Rye,  to  be  known 
as  the  Westchester-Biltmore,  and  designed  to  meet 
the  demand  for  outdoor  recreation.  Situated  in  the 
picturesque  hills  of  Westchester  county,  between 
Rye  and  Harrison,  this  hostelry  gives  promise 
of  becoming  the  Mecca  of  smart  New  Yorkers. 
There  will  be  golf  links  and  a  polo  field,  the  latter 
designed  also  for  holding  al  fresco  horse  shows 
and  other  entertainments.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Hunts  Racing  Association,  Hackney  So- 
ciety of  America,  Morgan  Horse  Society,  Nordix 
Club  of  Virginia,  Westehester  County  Beagles 
Club,  Fairfield  County  Fox  Hounds  Club,  Indian 
Harbor  Yacht  and  Greenwich  Country  claibs,  Green- 
wich, Conn.,  and  the  Great  Neck  (L.  I.)  Golf 
Club.  As  a  close  student  of  psychology,  Mr.  Bow- 
man has  often  demonstrated  the  value  of  that 
science  in  the  handling  of  some  of  his  largest 
enterprises.  Of  unbounded  energy,  he  diversifies 
his  activities  by  devoting  a  certain  portion  of  his 
time  to  relaxation,  his  farm  furnishing  opportunity 
for  much  health-giving  occupation.  He  is  loyal  to 
his  friends  of  other  days  and  has  placed  many  of 
his  former  associates  in  positions  of  responsibility 
in  one  or  another  of  his  various  enterprises.  He 
was  married  in  New  York  city,  in  June,  1919,  to 
Clarice  Paterson,  of  New  York.  He  resides  chiefly 
on  his  model  farm,  near  Portchester,  N.  Y. 

DE  FOREST,  Lee,  inventor,  was  born  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  la.,  Aug.  26,  1873,  son  of  Henry  Swift 
and  Anna  Margaret  "(Robbins)  de  Forest.  His 
father  (18.33-96),  a  Congregational  minister  and 
graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1857,  was  chaplain  of 
the  llth  Connecticut  volunteers,  lsfi:!-65,  and  later 
as  pastor  of  Congregational  churches  in  Des 
Moines  and  Council  Bluffs,  la.,  and  from  1879  to 
the  time  of  his  death  was  president  of  the  Talla- 
dega  College,  Talladega,  Ala.  He  was  a  son  of 
Lee  de  Forest,  son  of  Gideon  de  Forest,  sou  of 


David  de  Forest,  son  of  Isaac  de  Forest,  a  native 
of  Leyden,  who  founded  Harlem,  New  York,  in 
1646,  and  served  for  a  time  as  a  great  burgher 
under  Gov.  Peter  Stuyvesant.  Lee  de  Forest  was 
educated  at  Mt.  Hermon  School,  near  Northfield, 
Mass.,  and  was  graduated  Ph.B.  at  Sheffield  Scien- 
tific School  of  Yale  University  in  1S96.  During 
the  Spanish- American  war  he  was  bugler  in  Yale 
battery,  and  upon  his  discharge  resumed  his  studies 
at  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  receiving  the  degree 
of  Ph.D.  in  1S99.  In  the  same  year  he  secured  a 
position  with  the  Western  Electric  Co.  and  removed 
to  Chicago,  III.,  where  he  became  electrical  experi- 
menter at  the  Armour  Institute.  For  several  years 
he  had  been  experimenting  with  a  view  to  perfect- 
ing a  system  of  wireless  telegraphy  that  should  be 
capable  of  operating  over  land  distances  as  well  as 
over  water.  Concluding  that  the  coherers  used  by 
Marconi  and  other  inventors  are  in  many  ways  un- 
satisfactory devices  for  receiving  wireless  mes- 
sages, he  set  himself  to  the  problem  of  devising  a 
suitable  substitute.  He  invented  the  so-called  elec- 
trolytic receiver,  patented  December,  1902,  which 
consists  essentially  of  two  metal  electrodes  dipping 
in  a  conducting  solution,  whose  resistance  is  in- 
stantly reduced  by  the  impact  of  the  electric  wave 
and  automatically  restored.  This  detector  was  one 
of  the  first  in  wireless  to  permit  the  use  of  the  tele- 
phone receiver  for  recording  the  dots  and  dashes 
of  the  telegraphic  alphabet,  and  gave  far  more 
sensitive  workings  than  was  possible  with  any  other 
receiver.  It  also  did  away  with  any  instrument 
corresponding  to  the  decoherer  of  other  systems. 
Dr.  de  Forest  has  developed  his  inventions  com- 
prising the  de  Forest  wireless  telegraph  system,  so 
that  it  is  superior  in  speed,  simplicity  and  accu- 
racy to  contemporaneous  foreign  systems,  being 
the  first  found  adequate  for  overland  work.  He 
early  made  many  successful  tests  before  United 
States  army  and  navy  officials  and  also  the  British 
post-office  department.  During  the  Russo-Japan- 
ese war  de  Forest  apparatus  were  installed  on  land 
and  on  the  steamship  "Haimun"  off  the  coast  of 
Corea,  thus  transmitting  news  from  the  seat  of 
war  direct  to  the  New  York  and  London  "Times." 
His  system  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  at  the  St. 
Louis'  Exposition  in  1904.  The  de  Forest  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co.,  was  organized  in  1902  and  in  1907 
it  was  merged  into  the  United  Wireless  Telegraph 
Co.,  subsequently  bought  up  by  the  Marconi  in- 
terests. Dr.  de  Forest  was  never  associated  with 
the  United  Wireless  Co.,  but  in  1906  began  to  de- 
vote his  entire  attention  to  the  development  of  the 
wireless  telephone.  In  the  fall  of  1907  his  new 
company,  the  Radio  Telephone  Co.,  installed  the 
wireless  telephone  on  all  of  Admiral  Evans'  fleet  of 
battleships  and  auxiliaries  prior  to  their  cruise 
around  the  world,  and  in  the  following  year  several 
Italian  and  British  war  vessels  were  equipped  with 
these  instruments.  Beyond  all  question  the  de 
Forest  "Audion"  detector  and  amplifier  developed 
during  this  period  constitute  the  most  valuable 
single  principle  as  yet  developed  in  the  wireless  a/t. 
A  period  of  reckless  speculation  on  the  part  of  the 
financial  directors  of  his  company  resulted  in 
wrecking  the  enterprise,  which  Dr.  de  Forest  had 
again  built  up  from  the  ruins  of  his  first  fortune. 
After  three  years  as  radio  engineer  for  the  Puulsen 
Wireless  Co.  in  San  Francisco,  during  which  time 
be  developed  for  that  company  the  "diplex"  and 
"rapid"  method  of  wireless  telegraph  transmitting 
and  receiving,  he  returned  to  New  York  and  sold 
to  the  Western  Electric  Co.  a  license  under  all  his 
"Audion"  patents  for  wire  telegraph  and  telephone 
purposes.  The  American  Telephone  and  Tele- 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


graph  Co.  within  eighteen  months  after  acquiring 
these  rights  were  enabled  by  use  of  the  "Audion 
amplifier"  on  their  lines  to  extend  their  long  dis- 
tance telephone  service  from  New  York  to  San 
Francisco.  The  Audinn  amplifier  has  been  pro- 
nounced by  eminent  telephone  engineers  as  the  one 
radical  innovation  in  the  telephone  art  since  the 
discovery  of  the  microphone.  The  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Co.  are  also  licensed  under 
all  of  the  de  Forest  radio  patents  issued  prior  to 
1015.  By  use  of  large  numbers  of  the  ''oscillating 
Audion"  type  bulb,  as  generators  of  undamped 
high-frequency  currents  for  wireless  telephone 
transmission  system,  the  telephone  company  was 
enabled  in  October,  1915,  to  transmit  the  sound  of 
the  human  voice  from  Arlington,  D.  C.,  to  San 
Francisco  through  the  air.  A  little  later  this  same 
method  was  successful  in  transmitting  the  voice 
from  Arlington  to  the  Eiffel  Tower,  Paris,  thus 
realizing  a  dream  which  Dr.  de  Forest  had  cher- 
ished since  1908.  He  has  received  over  100  patents 
in  the  United  States  and  Europe,  mostly  on  in- 
ventions in  the  radio  art.  One  of  the  chief  factors 
in  the  final  superiority  of  the  Allies  over  the  Ger- 
mans proved  to  be  their  far  more  reliable  systems 
of  signalling — notably  by  radio  telegraphy  and 
telephony.  Unquestionably  the  de  Forest  Audion, 
or  three-electrode  vacuum  tube,  more  than  any 
other  single  invention,  contributed  to  this  over- 
whelming superiority.  The  French  and  British  mil- 
itary establishments  used  these  little  lamps  as  de- 
tector, amplifier,  and  transmitter  by  the  hundreds 
of  thousands.  When  the  United  States  entered  the 
war  her  signal  corps  at  once  began  the  develop- 
ment of  mr.ny  types  of  Audion  undamped  wa\v 
transmitters,  notably  for  telephoning  from  observ- 
ing airplanes,  and  from  front  line  trenches  to  ar- 
tillery fire — control  districts.  Without  the  light 
weight  and  small  size  and  simplicity  of  these  au- 
dion  radio  transmitters  this  prompt  and  accurate 
signal  work  had  been  impracticable.  The  audion 
amplifier  was  also  used  in  connection  with  locating 
submarines  by  means  of  sound  detectors  under 
water.  Unquestionably  the  audion  did  much  to 
shorten  the  war.  In  recognition  of  this  epoch-mak- 
ing invention  which  has  revolutionized  almost  every 
line  of  electric  signalling  and  particularly  long  dis- 
tance telephony,  Syracuse  University  in  1919  con- 
ferred on  Dr.  De  Forest  the  honorary  degree  of  Doc- 
tor of  Science.  He  is  president  of  the  de  Forest  Ra- 
dio Telephone  &  Telegraph  Co.,  with  laboratories 
and  office  at  1391  Sedwick  avenue,  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  Fellow  of  the  Institute  of  Radio  Engineers, 
Fellow  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  En- 
gineers, member  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  New 
York  Electrical  Society,  and  the  Yale  Club.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
American  Defense  Society.  He  was  married,  Dec. 
23,  1912,  to  Mary  Mayo,  daughter  of  Mrs.  G.  S. 
White,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

KISSOCK,  John,  merchant,  was  born  in  Ken- 
dall, in  the  Lake  District  of  England,  Feb.  17, 
1851,  son  of  David  and  Margaret  (Rirldick)  Kis- 
sock.  While  he  was  quite  young  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Liverpool,  England,  and  after  complet- 
ing his  schooling  in  that  city  he  entered  on  a  mer- 
chant 's  career.  Beginning  at  the  lowest  rung  of 
the  ladder,  he  early  developed  an  aptitude  for 
business,  and  by  reason  of  his  ability,  developed 

solely  through  his  own  efforts,  was  chosen  to  i ie 

to  this  country  in  1882,  to  assist  in  establishing  an 
American  branch  of  j lie  house  with  which  he  was 
connected,  namely,  Robert  Crookes  &  Co.  But  his 
progressive  spirit  finally  impelled  him  to  launch 
out  for  himself,  and  in  1884  he  founded  the  firm 


of  Groat  &  Kissock,  which  later  became  John  Kis- 
sock  &  Co.  and  so  remained  until  his  death.  His 
commercial  activities  in  the  wholesale  spices  and 
drugs  business  identified  him  with  Great  Britain, 
Europe  and  the  Far  East.  During  his  long  and 
successful  business  life  he  was  noted  for  his  strict 
integrity  and  uprightness  in  all  his  dealings.  De- 
voted as  he  was  to  his  business,  he  nevertheless 
found  time  to  interest  himself  in  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  welfare  of  others.  He  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  not  only  financially 
but  as  an  active  worker  and  officer.  In  him  the 
Presbyterian  Church  owned  a  staunch  adherent, 
the  Sunday  school  especially  claiming  a  great- 
deal  of  his  attention;  and  he  was  particularly  in- 
terested in  foreign  missions — more  especially  in 
the  missionary  work  in  China.  He  was  married 
June  12,  1S79,  to  Margaret  Lockart,  daughter  of 
Andrew  McNeil,  and  his  children  were  Ethel, 
Howard,  Mav  S..  Alan,  and  Gordon  Kissock.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Point  Pleasant,  N.  J.,  July 
31,  191S. 

SHERWIN,  Thomas,  telephone  pioneer,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  July  11,  1839,  son  of 
Thomas  (q.v.)  and  Mary  King  (Gibbens)  Sher- 
win,  and  grandson  of  David  and  Hannah  (Prich- 
ard)  Sherwin.  His  grandfather  was  a  soldier 
in  the  revolutionary  war  and  his  father  (q.v.)  was 
a  prominent  educator  of  New  England.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  I860.  He  was 
teaching  in  the  Houghton  high  school  at  Bolton, 
Mass.,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  and  he 
promptly  raised  a  company  for  the  15th  Mass, 
volunteers.  His  company  refused  to  go  to  the 
war  under  another  captain  and  was  therefore 
disbanded.  In  October,  1S61,  he  was  commis- 
sioned first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  in  the  22d 
Mass,  regiment,  and  joined  Porter's  division,  af- 
terwards the  5th  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, in  which  he  served  until  he  was  mustered 
out  in  October,  1864.  In  rapid  succession  he  was 
promoted  to  major  and  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
received  the  commissions  of  colonel  and  brigadier- 
general  of  U.  S.  volunteers  by  brevet  for  gal 
lantry  at  Gettysburg  and  for  meritorious  services 
during  the  war.  Resuming  his  teaching,  he  was 
an  instructor  at  the  Boston  English  high  school, 
of  which  his  father  had  long  been  the  distin- 
guished principal.  In  June,  1866,  he  was  ap- 
pointed deputy-surveyor  of  the  port  of  Boston, 
and  held  that  position  until  1S75,  when  he  re- 
signed to  take  the  newly  established  office  of  col- 
lector of  the  city  of  Boston.  His  connection  with 
the  telephone  business  began  in  1883,  as  auditor 
of  the  American  Bell  Telephone  Co.,  later 
known  as  the  American  Telephone  &  Telegraph 
Co.  In  1885  he  became  president  of  the  New 
England  Telephone  &  Telegraph  Co.,  a  position 
which  he  occupied  for  a  quarter  of  a  century; 
he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  until 
his  death.  In  announcing  his  death,  Pres.  Spauld- 
ing,  his  successor  in  the  New  England  Telephone 
&  Telegraph  Co.,  said  of  him:  "A  brave  and 
brilliant  soldier  during  the  civil  war;  a  pioneer 
in  the  telephone  field  —  for  twenty-three  years 
auditor  of  the  American  Bell  Telephone  Co.  and 
for  twenty-five  years  president  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Telephone  &  Telegraph  Co. ;  a  man  of  the 
highest  character  and  ability,  and  with  a  charm- 
ing personality.  His  death  is  a  great  loss,  not 
only  to  the  community,  but  also  to  the  telephone 
interests  over  the  whole  country."  Mr.  Sherwin 
was  married  Jan.  18,  1S70,  to  Isabel  Fisk,  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  Thomas  M.  Edwards,  of  Keene,  N.  H., 
who  survived  him  with  three  sons  and  three 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


13 


daughters:  Thomas  E.;  Robert  W. ;  Edward  V.; 
Anna  Isabel;  Eleanor,  wife  of  William  H.  Good- 
win, of  Dedham,  and  Mary  King,  wife  of  Philip 
H.  Lee-Warner.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec. 
19,  1914. 

FOWLER,  Charles  Anthony,  Jr.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Oft.  10,  1884,  sun  of 
Charles  Anthony  and  Minerva  Virginia  (North- 
rup)  Fowler.  His  earliest  paternal  American  an- 
cestor was  Joseph  Fowler,  who  came  from  Dalbury 
Lees,  Derbyshire,  Englnnd,  in  1650,  and  settled  in 
Rhode  Island,  he  being  son  of  John  and  Frances 
(Webb)  Fowler.  His  wife  was  Sarah  Betts,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Mary  Thome;  their 
son  William  and  his  wife  Mary  Drake;  their  son 
Jeremiah  and  his  wife  Sarah  Dusenbery;  tlirir 
son  Reuben  and  his  wife  Jane  Yallcntine;  their 
son  Reuben  and  his  wife  Martha  Drake;  their  son 
Jeremiah  Drake  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Anthony; 
to  their  son  Theodore  Fowler  and  his  wife  Mary 
A.  Lounsbury,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Charles  Anthony  Fowler,  Jr.  William  Fowler  (II) 
established  the  family  homestead  at  Flushing,  Long 
Island.  Reuben  Fowler  (YI)  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution,  serving  in  the  3d  regiment 
Westchester  county  (N.  Y.  Line)  under  Col.  Yan 
Cortlandt.  Charles  Anthony  Fowler,  father  of  our 
subject,  was  a  manufacturing  jeweler.  The  son 
received  his  preliminary  education  at  St.  Mark's 
School,  Southborough,  Mass.,  and  at  the  Cutler 
School,  New  York  city.  He  subsequently  became 
a  student  at  the  University  of  Geneva.  In  1904 
he  entered  the  Plaza  Bank,  New  York  city,  and 
later  became  connected  successively  with  the 
American  Trading  Co.,  and  the  insurance  broker- 
age firm  of  Samuels,  Cornwall  &  Stevens,  New 
York  city.  For  a  period  of  years  he  owned  and 
operated  in  conjunction  with  his  brother,  "Mid- 
vale  Farm,"  a  large  dairy  farm  at  Amenia, 
Dutdiess  county,  N.  Y.  A  veteran  of  the  7th 
regiment,  New  York  national  guard,  he  entered 
the  service  for  the  European  war  as  captain  of 
Co.  M,  325th  regiment  infantry,  which  was  a  unit 
in  the  82d  division,  A.E.F.  'He  fought  in  the 
battles  on  the  Amiens  front,  at  St.  Mihiel,  and  the 
battle  of  the  Meuse  in  the  Argonne  Forest,  where 
he  was  killed.  He  had  been  trained  at  Governor's 
Island,  New  York;  Fort  McPherson,  Ga. ;  Fort 
Sill,  Okla.,  and  Camp  Gordon,  Ga.,  and  sailed  for 
France  in  April.  1918.  He  had  held  membership 
in  the  St.  Nicholas  Society,  Dutchess  County  So- 
ciety, Automobile  Club  of  America,  and  the  Ameri- 
can Yacht,  Indian  Harbor  Yacht,  Manhasset  Bay 
Yacht,  City  (New  York),  and  Poughkeepsie 
(N.  Y.)  Automobile  clubs.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  yachting  and  automobiling.  He  was 
cheerful  in  disposition  and  generous  to  a  degree; 
of  great  physical  courage  and  endurance;  made 
friends  easily,  and  had  a  great  faculty  for  retain- 
ing these  friendships.  His  character  was  simple, 
sincere  and  straightforward,  and  his  entire  life 
commanded  the  fullest  respect  and  admiration. 
His  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  his  words  and 
deeds,  are  worthy  of  being  kept  in  abiding  remem- 
brance. He  was  faithful  in  every  obligation  of 
life,  a  brave  soldier,  a  worthy  citizen  and  a  kind 
friend.  He  married  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  15, 
1909,  Isabelle  Victoria,  daughter  of  Hazen  L. 
Hoyt,  a  capitalist  of  Great  Neck,  Long  Island; 
she  survived  him,  with  two  children:  Charles  An- 
thony, 3d,  and  Hoyt  W.  Fowler.  The  date  of  his 
death  wns  Oct.  11,  1918. 

E.OLAPP,  Henry  Hermann,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Flensburg,  Schles\vig-Holstein  (a  province  which 


at  that  time  belonged  to  Denmark,  but  was  later 
absorbed  by  Germany),  Mar.  22,  1860,  son  of  Fred- 
erick Christian  Theodor  and  Anna  Margaret 
(Thiesen)  Rolapp.  His  father,  a  builder  by  trade, 
was  driven  from  home  by  the  German  war  of  1863- 
64,  after  which  he  lived  and  died  in  Copenhagen, 
Denmark.  Henry  H.  Rolapp  left  Copenhagen  in 
May,  1878,  and  went  to  Liverpool,  England,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  then  came  to  New  York  in 
June,  1880,  and  soon  thereafter  settled  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah.  He  was  educated  in  the  German 
grammar  schools  ami  realsehule,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1SS4.  That 
same  year,  at  Ogden,  Utah,  he  entered  into  law 
partnership  with  Hon.  Charles  C.  Richards,  then 
secretary  of  state  of  the  Territory  of  Utah,  and 
continued  in  the  general  practice  of  law  until 
November,  1895,  when  he  was  appointed  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Utah  Territory.  On  the  ad- 
mission of  Utah  as  a  state,  Jan.  1,  1896,  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  second  judicial  district  of 
Utah  and  served  until  Jan.  1,  1905.  Mr.  Rolapp  's 
special  practice  has  been  corporation  law.  He 
was  general  counsel  for  the  Amalgamated  Sugar 
Co.  at  Ogden,  Utah,  from  1905  to  1915,  and  since 
that  time  has  served  as  assistant  general  counsel 
for  the  Great  Western  Sugar  Co.  at  Denver,  Coiu. 
In  1885  he  was  elected  assessor  and  assistant 
county  attorney  for  Weber  county,  Utah,  and  held 
this  office  until  1891.  In  1S88  he  was  appointed 
secretary  for  the  Utah  Reform  School,  anil  so  con- 
tinued until  1S95,  when  he  was  appointed  com- 
missioner of  the  supreme  court  of  Utah.  During 
1908-1915  he  served  as  regent  of  the  University 
of  Utah,  and  in  1904,  at  St.  Louis,  was  appointed 
to  the  Universal  Congress  of  Lawyers  and  Jurists. 
Mr.  Rolapp  has  been  engaged  in  various  business 
enterprises  throughout  the  last  thirty  years.  He 
is  now  (1920)  president  of  the  U.  S. 'Sugar  Manu- 
facturers' Association,  composed  of  the  beet  sugar 
producers  of  the  United  States;  and  director  of 
the  Cameron  Coal  Co.  From  1917  he  was  treasurer 
and  legal  adviser  of  the  food  administration  sugar 
distributing  committee  at  Chicago.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Logan,  Utah,  Dec.  9,  1885,  to  Martha, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Horrocks,  merchant,  of  Ogden, 
Utah;  the  children  of  this  union  are:  Franklin 
Horrocks,  merchandise  broker,  Salt  Lake  City; 
Walter  Horrocks,  merchandise  broker,  Salt  Lake 
City,  and  Maybelle  Rolapp,  who  married  Serge 
Fred  Ballif.  (Portrait  opposite  page  14.) 

STONE,  Frank  Burrill,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  15,  1860,  son  of  Richard  But- 
ler and  Lucy  Ellen  (Russell)  Stone.  His  first 
American  ancestor  was  Hugh  Stone,  a  native  of 
England,  who  came  to  this  country  in  1657  and 
settled  at  Warwick,  R.  I.,  and  from  him  and  his 
wife  Abigail  Busecot  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Peter  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Shaw;  their  son  Peter  and  his  wife  Patience  Hud- 
son; their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mary  Blan- 
chard;  their  son  Rufus  and  his  wife  Sarah  Lewis, 
and  their  son  Richard  Cecil  and  his  wife  Alma 
Stone,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Frank  Bur- 
rill  Stone.  After  a  public  school  -education  he 
began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  a  lumber 
yard  in  Chicago,  in  1876.  Later  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Wheeler,  Chapman  &  Co.,  wholesale 
glass  dealers,  but  in  1882  returned  to  the  lumber 
business  in  the  employ  of  his  father,  R.  B.  Stone, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  the  latter 's  death 
in  1SS6,  after  which  he  continued  in  the  same 
line  with  his  brother-in-law,  Alexander  Agnew, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Agnew  &  Stone.  In  De- 


14 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


cember,  1890,  Mr.  Stone  established  a  business  of 
his  own,  principally  handling  lumber  and  timber 
for  railway,  bridge  and  heavy  constructions.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  in  religion  a  Con- 
gregationalist.  He  is  a  Mason  and. Knight  Tem- 
plar, and  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Athletic,  Mid- 
lothian Country  (president,  1919-20),  South  Shore 
Country  and  Tolleston  Gun  clubs  of  Chicago,  aiul 
of  the  Grand  Island  Lodge  (hunting  club).  His 
favorite  diversions  are  outdoor  sports.  He  was 
twice  married:  (1)  Oct.  2,  1S83,  to  Carrie  L., 
daughter  of  George  G.  Bounds  of  Santa  Ana,  Cal., 
by  whom  he  had  two  children,  William  A.,  vice- 
president  of  the  Galesburg  Malleable  Castings  Co., 
Galesburg,  111.,  and  Inez  M.,  wife  of  W.  Lester 
Anderson,  Chicago;  Mrs.  Stone  died  in  November, 
1912,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Oct.  21,  1916,  to 
Rosalie  M..  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Harlan. 

HOFFMAN,  Hugo  William  G.,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Dee.  24,  1863,  son 
of  Rev.  Ernest  and  Amilie  (Hauf)  Hoffman.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Berlin,  Germany,  came  to  this 
country  in  1852  and  settled  at  Lefargeville,  New- 
York.  Hugo  W.  Hoffman  was  educated  in  the 
parochial  school  connected  with  his  father's  church, 
and  the  public  and  high  school;  was  graduated  at 
Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  in  1882, 
and  at  the  Philadelphia  Theological  Seminary  in, 
1885.  Subsequently  he  pursued  special  courses 
at  Xew  York  and  Columbia  universities.  The 
degree  of  M.A.  was  conferred  upon  by  him  by- 
New  York  University  in  1899  and  that  of  Ph.D. 
the  following  year.  He  was  ordained,  June 
It.  1885,  in  St.  John's  Evangelical  Lutheran 
<  'liurch,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  four  days  later  was 
installed  as  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.  After  a  brief  pas- 
torate there,  he  was  called  as  assistant  to  his 
father  in  St.  John's  Church.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  con- 
tinuing in  this  relation  until  his  father's  death, 
when  he  became  pastor  of  the  congregation, 
which  grew  very  rapidly  under  his  ministry. 
English  was  introduced  into  this  old  German  con- 
gregation with  the  calling  of  the  assistant.  In 
1 -'.C,  he  accepted  a  call  to  St.  Paul's  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  remained 
in  this  important  and  influential  church  until  the 
close  of  his  life.  Dr.  Hoffman  was  a  man  of 
polished  manner,  studious  habits,  and  indrt'.-iti- 
gable  in  his  work  whether  in  the  parish,  the 
pulpit  or  the  study.  As  a  pulpit  orator  he 
ranked  high,  attaining  a  reputation  for  unusual 
scholarship.  While  particularly  interested  in  the 
study  of  the  Old  Testament,  he  was  a  critical 
student  of  the  entire  Scriptures,  which  he  was 
always  ready  to  defend  against  heretical  assault. 
The  "products  of  his  pen  found  their  way  into 
various  theological  publications,  including  the 
"Church  Review."  He  was  also  interested  in  de- 
\ntional  literature,  and  was  the  author  of  an 
attractive  "Forget-me-not"  volume,  issued  in 
both  German  and  English.  Having  been  especial- 
ly well  versed  in  Lutheran  literature  and  the 
history  of  the  Reformation,  he  contributed  the 
historical  chronology  of  Luther  and  the  Refor- 
mation, which  appears  in  the  "Lutheran  Ency- 
clopedia." He  was  married  June  -'•'•,  1SS4,  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Judge  Theodore  Hageman, 
of  Castle,  Germany,  'by  whom  he  is  survived  with 
three  children:  Elsie,  wife  of  Harry  Farradny; 
John  Ernest  and  Ruth  Johanna  Hoffman.  He 
died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  3,  1917. 

SMITH,  Preston  Carter,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  Portland,  Ore.,  June  19,  1857,  son  of  Joseph  S. 
and  Julia  (Carter)  Smith.  His  father,  an  Oregon 


pioneer  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  a  lawyer 
and  educator,  and  also  served  as  a  member  of  con- 
gress. Preston  Carter  Smith  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Portland,  at  Santa  Clara  College,  California, 
and  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.  After 
spending  a  period  in  travel  he  returned  to  Port- 
land and  assumed  the  management  of  his  father's 
business  interests,  in  which  he  displayed  marked 
ability,  keen  discernment  and  executive  force.  He 
had  given  much  of  his  time  to  reading  law,  and 
in  the  control  of  business  affairs  he  found  his 
legal  knowledge  of  marked  value.  Having  in- 
herited an  independent  fortune  from  his  father  he 
turned  his  attention  to  investments,  and  his  realty 
holdings  in  18P1  were  valued  at  more  than  half  a 
million  dollars.  He  also  became  one  of  the  fore- 
most merchants  in  the  lumber  trade  in  the  Pacific 
northwest,  and  personally  directed  the  operation  of 
a  large  sawmill  in  Portland.  He  was  an  organizer 
and  incorporator  of  the  Ainsworth  National  Bank, 
in  which  he  become  a  director,  and  he  was  a  pro- 
moter of  the  cable  road  of  Portland.  Impaired 
health  eventually  necessitated  his  withdrawal  from 
active  business  cares.  Politically  he  was  a  Demo- 
crat and  was  active  in  the  interests  of  good  govern- 
ment. He  had  no  taste,  however,  for  practical 
politics,  and  declined  the  nomination  for  gover- 
nor; had  he  accepted,  his  political  opponents  would 
not  have  opposed  him  with  a  candidate.  He  was 
'past  president  of  the  Arlington  club,  Portland, 
and  a  member  of  Chi  Phi  fraternity.  His  chief 
recreation  was  billiards;  he  was  an  accomplished 
musician  and  a  noted  scholar,  and  his  writings  com- 
bined the  humor  of  an  Irving  and  the  diction  of 
a  De  Quincey.  His  benevolences  were  numerous, 
yet  entirely  'free  from  ostentation.  He  enjoyed 
grrat  personal  popularity.  He  was  married  (1)  at 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  18SO,  to  Jeannie,  daughter  of 
Win.  Hiiiiry  Williamson,  an  extensive  slave-holder 
and  planter  of  Georgia;  she  died  in  1885.  He  was 
married  (2)  June  5,  1889,  to  Susan,  sister  of  his 
first  wife.  There  are  two  surviving  children  by  the 
first  union:  Preston  Williamson  and  Madeleine 
Searcy,  and  two  by  the  second  union :  Susie  Au- 
lirey  and  Henry  A.  Smith.  He  died  in  Portland, 
Ore".,  Feb.  13,  1897. 

MERRILL,  Joseph  Hansell,  lawyer,  was  born 
;it  Thomasville,  Ga.,  Oct.  12,  1862,  son  of  Joseph 
Styles  and  Anne  (Hall)  Merrill.  His  earliest  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Nathaniel  Merrill, 
who  came  from  England  in  163:i  and  settled  at  Ips- 
wich, Mass.  His  wife  was  Joanna  Kinney,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Abel  and  his  wife  Priscilla  Chase;  their 
son  Abel  and  his  wife  Abigail  M.  Stevens;  their 
son  Abel  and  his  first  wife  Ruth  Kellog;  their  son 
Stevens  and  his  wife  Mary  Noyes;  their  son  Jo- 
seph and  his  wife  Sarah  ('npp,  to  their  sou  Lemuel 
Merrill  and  his  wife  Eliza  Barker,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Joseph  Hansell  Merrill.  Joseph 
Styles  Merrill,  father  of  our  subject  and  a  gradu- 
ate of  Oglethorpe  University,  was  farmer,  mer- 
chant, and  ordinary  of  Thomas  county,  Ga.  Joseph 
Hansell  Merrill  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  Fletcher  Institute,  Thomasville,  where  he  won 
a  scholarship  tn  the  State  University.  He  was 
oraduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia  with  dis- 
tinction in  1880.  He  studied  law  at  Thomasville 
under  Arthur  Patten;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Georgia  in  1**4,  and  in  that  year  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Thomasville  as  a  partner 
of  his  preceptor  under  the  firm  style  of  Patten  * 
Merrill,  which  relation  continued  three  years.  Dur- 
ing 1887-99  he  was  the  partner  of  Chas.  P.  Hansell, 


IIKXRY  H.  ROLAPP 
LAWYER 


FRANK  U.  STONE 

-MERCHANT 


HUGO  W.   G.   HOFFMAN- 
CLERGYMAN 


PRESTON  C.  SMITH 
MERCHANT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


15 


under  the  firm  style  of  Hansell  &  Merrill.  From 
1899  to  1915  he  practised  alone.  Since  1915  he  hag 
been  of  the  firm  of  Merrill  &  Grnntham,  with 
Charles  Pinekney  Grantham.  He  represents  va- 
rious corporations  including  railroad  companies, 
and  other  business  interests,  largely  by  yearly  con- 
tracts, and  is  rated  an  authority  ou  laud  titles,  de- 
voting much  of  his  time  to  this  work  as  a  specialty. 
He  was  referee  in  bankruptcy  during  1904-OS,  and 
judge  of  the  superior  courts  of  the  Southern  cir- 
cuit of  Georgia  in  1910.  Of  thirteen  cases  tried  by 
him  taken  to  the  Supreme  court,  eleven  were  af- 
firmed ;  two  reversed.  He  has  never  sought  politi- 
cal office,  and  only  accepted  the  offices  above  men- 
tioned at  the  earnest  request  of  the  appointing 
power.  His  service  on  the  bench  elicited  much  fa- 
vorable comment  from  the  press.  He  was  called 
nn  ideal  presiding  officer,  whose  rulings  were  char- 
acterized by  sound  legal  knowledge  and  under- 
standing, and  excellent  judgment.  Aside  from  his 
professional  activities  he  is  president  of  the  Thom- 
asville  Real  Estate  &  Improvement  Co. ;  vice-presi- 
dent and  attorney  Citizens  Banking  &  Trust  Co., 
and  a  director  in  various  other  commercial,  indus- 
trial or  financial  institutions.  He  is  one  of  the 
three  Georgia  members  of  the  National  Conference 
of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws,  1912-19  ; 
member  of  its  executive  and  legislative  committees, 
and  is  frequently  called  on  to  preside  over  its  de- 
liberations in  committee  of  the  whole,  and  he  is 
Georgia  member  of  the  general  council  American 
Bar  Association;  past  president  (1908-09)  Geor- 
gia State  Bar  Association,  and  president  of  Thomas 
County  Bar  Association,  past  president  Thomas- 
ville  Public  Library  Association,  and  Thomasville 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  Politically  he 
is  a  Democrat,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Episcopal  church,  and  has  taught  a  Bible  class  for 
thirty  years.  He  was  a  speaker  in  various  drives 
for  war  work  during  1917-18  in  Georgia  and  Flor- 
ida, and  lie  was  alumnus  orator  at  the  University 
of  Georgia  commencement  in  1902.  A  paper  by 
him  for  the  Georgia  Bar  Association  in  1901,  "The 
Bible  in  the  Lawyer  's  Library, ' '  was  widely  pub- 
lished and  attracted  nvuch  favorable  comment  from 
members  of  the  bar  throughout  the  country.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf  and  horseback 
riiliug.  He  was  married  (1)  at  Thomasville,  Ga., 
Dec.  30,  1885,  to  Mattie  C.,  daughter  of  John  G. 
Pittman,  a  real  estate  operator  of  Thomasville; 
she  died  in  1888,  and  he  was  married  (2)  at 
Thomasville,  Nov.  12,  1890,  to  Blanche,  daughter 
of  Hiram  R.  Tarwater,  a  merchant  of  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  has  one  surviving  child  of  the  second 
marriage:  Katherine,  now  Mrs.  John  Paseo,  Mon- 
ticello,  Fla. 

BENJAMIN,  George  Hillard,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  25,  1852,  son  of  Park 
and  Mary  Brower  (Western)  Benjamin.  The  first 
of  his  family  in  America  was  John  Benjamin,  who 
emigrated  from  Hereford,  England,  and  settled  in 
Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1632 ;  from  him  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  his  sou  Joseph,  who  mar- 
ried Sarah  Clark;  their  son  John,  who  married 
Phoebe  Larrabee ;  their  son  John,  who  married 
Margaret  Jameson ;  their  son  David,  who  married 
Lucy  Park,  and  their  son  Park,  who  married  Mary 
Judith  Lall,  and  was  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject. Mr.  Benjamin's  father  (q.  v.)  was  a  prom- 
inent poet  and  editor  of  New  York,  associated  with 
Horace  Greeley  in  the  management  of  the  ' '  New 
York  Tribune."  George  H.  Benjamin  was  matric- 
ulated at  Union  College  in  1868,  but,  leaving  be- 
fore graduation,  he  entered  the  Albany  Medical 
College  (now  the  medical  department  of  Union 


University),  where  he  was  graduated  in  1S74,  one 
of  the  first  three  in  his  class.  He  then  took  an 
advanced  course  in  physics  at  the  University  of 
Freiburg,  Germany,  and  was  graduated  Ph.  D. 
Returning  to  America,  he  practised  medicine  in 
Albany  for  four  years.  In  1SSO  he  removed  to 
New  York  city  to  accept  an  assistant  editorship 
ou  Appleton's  "Cyclopedia  of  Applied  Mechan- 
ics, ' '  a  position  in  which  he  rapidly  achieved 
reputation  as  an  expert,  being  frequently  called 
in  consultation  in  controversies  relating  to  patents, 
mechanics  and  scientific  questions  in  general.  His 
prominence  in  these  particulars  turned  his  thoughts, 
quite  logically,  to  patent  law,  and  lie  began  to 
study  the  subject.  He  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1884.  For  forty  years  he  has  been  engaged  as 
consulting  engineer  with  many  iron,  sterl,  glass 
and  copper  manufacturers.  Since  1905  he  has  been 
consulting  engineer  for  the  Siemaus  Bros.  &  Co. 
and  Siemans  &  Halske,  of  London  and  Berlin.  He 
has  made  a  specialty  of  inventions  iu  electricity 
and  in  high  explosives,  and  his  reports  rendered 
to  the  state  and  national  governments  have  been 
characterized  by  a  remarkable  uniformity  of  min- 
uteness and  accuracy,  and  have  repeatedly  proved 
the  first  steps  toward  many  successful  and  impor- 
tant enterprises.  Aside  from  the  wide  circle  of 
his  business  and  professional  associates  who  hold 
him  and  his  abilities  in  the  highest  esteem,  Mr. 
Benjamin  enjoys  a  wide  social  popularity.  In 
addition  to  his  engineering  work,  he  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  sociology,  especially  relating  to 
the  detection  and  prevention  of  crime,  and  he  has 
made  a  special  study  of  the  Bertillon  system  of 
measuring  criminals.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  of  New  York  and  the  New  England 
Mi'diro-Legal  and  the  New  York  Medical  societies; 
the  Royal  Society  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  the  American  So- 
ciety of  Electrical  Engineers  and  the  Metiopolitan 
Chili  of  Washington.  He  was  twice  married:  (1) 
at  Ogdcnsburg,  N.  Y.,  in  1875,  to  Jane  M.,  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  George  B.  Seymour;  (2),  in  1*99,  to 
Grace  II.,  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Tremaine.  His 
children  are  Frances,  wife  of  Edgar  Lackland; 
Mary,  wife  of  Henry  H.  Rogers,  Jr.,  and  Rosalie 
de  V.  Benjamin. 

GRANEIN,  Elijah.  Bishop,  capitalist,  was 
burn  at  Tidioute,  Pa.,  Nov.  23,  1840,  son  of  Samuel 
and  Sarah  Ann  (Henry)  Grandin,  grandson  of 
John  and  Catharine  (Hunt)  Grandin  ami  a  de- 
scendant of  Daniel  Grandin,  who  came  from  Isle 
of  Jersey  prior  to  1664  and  settled  at  Hamden, 
N.  J.  He  was  educated  at  Neilltown  (Pa.)  and 
Kdiubo.ro  (Pa.)  Academies,  and  at  Eastman's 
Commercial  School,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  be- 
gan his  Tmsiness  career  at  Hydetown,  Pa.,  in  ]S">!i, 
in  partnership  with  Charles  Hyde,  a  merchant  and 
lumberman.  When  the  Drake  well  was  brought  in 
near  Titnsville,  he  foresaw  the  possibilities  of  the 
new  oil  industry,  and  sold  the  Hydetown  store  to 
engage  in  the  petroleum  industry.  It  was  said 
that  his  first  venture  netted  him  approximately 
$100.000.  He  and  his  brothers  were  interested  in 
the  noted  Fagundus  and  Beatty  farms,  the  Triumph 
Hill  and  Balltown  fields,  and  properties  in  the 
Tidioute  region,  and  he  became  one  of  the  most 
astute  and  aggressive  factors  in  the  oil  industry. 
When  Jay  Cooke  failed  in  1872,  the  Grandin  bro- 
thers, who  were  engaged  in  the  banking  business 
at  Tidioute,  were  among  the  creditors,  and  they 
accepted  North  Dakota  land  shares  in  part  pay- 
ment of  their  claims  against  the  firm.  Thus  he 
and  his  brothers  were  pioneers  in  opening  farm 
lands  in  North  Dakota.  He  added  to  his  original 


16  THE     NATIONAL,    CYCLOPEDIA 

holdings  by  purchasing  thousands  of  acres  in  the  sympathy  for  those  of  others.  He  not  only  fol- 
Red  River  valley,  where  he  carried  on  wheat-grow-  lowed  honest  methods  fearlessly  and  openly  but 
ing  on  an  extensive  scale,  chiefly  by  cooperation,  there  went  with  that  honesty  and  directness  of 
His  large  wheat  farm  not  only  demonstrated  the  purpose  and  act,  a  true  simplicity  and  lack  of 
agricultural  possibilities  of  the  northwest  but  be-  presumption.  He  was  married,  Mar.  1(3,  1875, 
tame  a  model  of  efficiency  in  management  and  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  Powell, 
production.  Mr.  Grandin  was  a  dominant  factor  a  manufacturer  of  Hockf  ord,  Mich. ;  she  survived 
in  the  promotion  of  the  Missouri  Lumber  &  Mining  him,  with  four  children:  Fritz  Carleton,  a  physi- 
Co.,  which  was  the  nucleus  of  a  town  in  Carter  cian,  Greenwich,  Ct.,  who  war,  with  the  Medical  Re- 
county  named  Grandin,  and  which  purchased  350,-  serve  Corps  as  Captain  U.  S.  A.;  Mark  Powell, 
000  acres  of  timber  land  within  ten  years  and  with  the  Canadian  oveiseas  service  during  the 
built  a  sawmill  with  a  capacity  of  15,00'o,000  feet  war;  Ruth  Agnes,  who  married  Ralph  ~\V.  Mi-Mnl- 
a  year.  He  had  other  lumber  interests  in  Louisiana  len,  Detroit,  and  Dorothy,  who  married  Freeman 
and  Washington.  He  maintained  a  winter  resi-  Nelson  Pattison,  Detroit.  He  died  in  Detroit, 
dence  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  where  he  was  a  gener-  Mich.,  Dec.  IS,  1917. 

ous  contributor  to  all  war  charities.  His  dominat-  BLACK,  James,  merchant  and  churchman,  was 
ing  personal  characteristics  were  optimism,  eour-  born  in  County  Donegal,  Ireland,  Sept.  20,  1857, 
age  and  confidence  in  his  own  judgment.  He  was  son  of  Win.  and  Ann  (Black)  Black.  He  received 
married  Oct.  10,  1872,  to  Emma  Priscilla,  daughter  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  country, 
of  Oliver  H.  Perry  Williams,  a  lumberman  of  Se-  came  to  the  United  States,  and  with  a  brother, 
vviekley,  Pa.,  and  had  five  children:  George  Wil-  he  began  a  modest  merchandising  business  at 
bert,  Henry  Bishop,  Florence,  Alice  Emma,  and  Marshalltown,  la.,  selling  chiefly  Irish  linens.  Dur- 
Mabel  Grandin.  He  died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  ing  this  period  he  became  the  warm  friend  and 
Dec.  3,  1917.  room-mate  of  "Billy"  Sunday,  the  evangelist.  He 
HYDE,  Wesley  Warren,  lawyer,  was  born  at  subsequently  returned  to  Ireland  and  went  into  a 
Armada,  Macomb  Co.,  Mich.,  Aug.  17,  185,'!,  son  of  store  at  Ramelton.  Upon  the  death  of  his  brother, 
Charles  Goodell  and  Eliza  Ann  (Ray)  Hyde.  His  however,  he  came  again  to  America  to  close  out  the 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William  business  at  Marshalltown.  In  1892  he  opened  a 
Hyde,  who  came  from  England  in  1770  and  set-  dry  goods  store  at  Waterloo,  la.,  and  from  this 
tied  in  Quebec.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Margaret,  modest  beginning  achieved  a  great  success.  At 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  to  their  son,  Charles  his  death  the  James  Black  Dry  Goods  Co.  was 
Hyde,  and  his  wife,  Mary,  who  were  the  grand-  capitalized  at  $600,000,  occupied  a  splendid  eight- 
parents  of  Wesley  W.  ilyde.  Charles  Goodell  story  building,  and  employed  300  people.  The 
Hyde,  father  of  our  subject,  and  a  native  of  Lima,  business  was  incorporated  under  this  title  in  1902, 
N.  Y.,  practiced  law  at  Rockford  and  Grand  Rapids,  and  he  remained  its  president  until  his  death.  He 
Mich.  Wesley  W.  Hyde  received  his  education  T\as  also  vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank 
in  the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  Rockford,  of  Waterloo  and  was  from  time  to  time  interested 
Kent  co.,  Mich.  He  studied  law  under  the  pre-  in  various  other  commercial  and  financial  as  well 
ceptorship  of  his  father;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  industrial  undertakings.  He  was  president  of 
of  Michigan  in  1875,  and  in  that  year  began  prae-  the  Waterloo  Skirt  &  Garment  Co.  He  was  a 
tice  at  Grand  Rapids  in  association  with  his  member  of  Waterloo  Chamber  of  Commerce  and 
parents.  While  studying  law  he  was  an  assistant  Waterloo  Commercial  Club.  His  chief  fame,  how- 
in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk,  Grand  Rapids.  In  ever,  was  as  a  devoted  and  active  churchman.  He 
18 HI  he  was  appointed  assistant  district  attorney  was  closely  identified  with  the  missionary  and 
for  the  U.  S.  court,  western  district  of  Michigan,  benevolent  departments  of  the  Presbyterian 
At  the  end  of  his  term  he  entered  into  a  partner-  church.  His  interest  was  especially  strong  in  Chris- 
ship  with  Judge  John  W.  Stone,  the  firm  of  Stone  tian  colleges,  in  Sunday  school  work,  and  in  the 
&  Hyde  bring  dissolved.  Later  when  his  partner  activities  of  foreign  missions.  He  was  a  corn- 
removed  to  Marquette,  he  formed  a  partnership  municant  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
with  J.  Edward  Earle,  under  the  firm  style  of  Waterloo,  in  which  he  was  a  member  of  tha  ses- 
Earl  &  Hvde,  and  later  the  firm  became  Hyde,  sion,  Sunday  school  teacher,  Bible  class  teacher, 
Earle  &  Thornton  by  the  addition  of  Howard  E.  and  member  of  the  building  committee.  He  was  a 
Thornton,  and  he  remained  its  senior  partner  until  trustee  of  the  collegiate  church  at  Ames,  la.;  a 
his  death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  member  of  the  board  of  Coe  College;  trustee  of  the 
board  of  law  examiners  during  1896-1914,  and  was  Iowa  synod,  and  a  factor  in  the  Big  Brother  Mis- 
secretary  of  that  body  during  1899-1913.  He  was  sion,  Y'oung  Men's  and  Young  Women's  Christian 
a  member  of  various  law  associations;  was  for  Associations.  He  fought  against  the  saloon,  and 
years  president  of  the  Civic  Club,  Grand  Rapids,  when  warned  that  this  attitude  might  interfere 
and  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  vith  his  personal  business,  he  said:  "  Morals  first, 
Associated  charities  of  that  city.  He  held  mem-  business  afterwards. "  He.  was  a  factor  in  the  New 
bership  also  in  the  Peninsular  Club  and  the  Kent  Era  movement  begun  in  the  Presbyterian  chun-h  in 
Country  Club,  Grand  Rapids.  He  was  an  enthusi-  1918,  and  he  was  a  member  of  the  officers '  council 
astie  golfer.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Con-  and  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Laymen's 
gregational  Church.  He  was  known  as  one  of  the  Missionary  movement,  a  newphase  of  religious  work, 
most  scholarly  attorneys  ia  Michigan.  He  was  Hewanted  the  church  to  measure  up  to  its  full  stature 
deeply  interested  in  philosophy  and  sociology,  and  of  usefulness  in  the  reconstruction  period  follow- 
was  author  of  "Social  Guides."  His  associates  ing  the  war.  The  great  Waterloo  store  stands  as 
at  the  bar  placed  a  high  estimate  on  his  forensic  a  monument  to  his  businrss  ability.  He  was  the 
ability  and  made  interesting  analysis  of  his  in-  central  figure  in  many  Waterloo  activities.  He 
telleetnal  gifts  and  mental  habits.  His  integrity,  never  sought  personal  publicity,  but  allowed 
his  learning,  his  power  and  skill  as  a  lawyer,  com-  achievements  to  mark  his  progress.  He  was  mar 
manded  the  highest  respect,  and  in  him  were  singu-  ried  Sept.  15,  1892,  to  Anna  M.,  daughter  of  Wil- 
larly  blended  the  qualities  of  strength  and  gentle-  Ham  Harper,  lumber  merchant,  cif  Marshalltown, 
ness,  of  unselfish  purpose,  absolute  fearless  fidelity  la.,  and  had  three  children:  Nan,  Elizabeth  and 
to  his  own  convictions  and  a  quick  and  intelligent  Margaret  Black.  He  died  at  Waterloo,  Mar.  14,  1919. 


THE  NATIONAL  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY 


THE  NATIONAL  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


17 


BRETT,  Ellis,  banker,  was  born  in  North 
Bridgewater  (now  Brockton),  Mass.,  Oct.  23, 
1840,  son  of  Ephraim  and  Ruth  (Copeland)  Brett, 
and  a  descendant  of  Elder  William,  Brett,  a  native 
of  Kent,  England,  who  settled  in  Duxbury,  Mass.. 
in  1645.  Prom  him  and  his  wife  Margaret,  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Na- 
thaniel and  his  wife  Sarah  Hayward;  their  son 
Seth  and  his  wife  Sarah  Alden;  their  son  Samuel 
and  his  wife  Hannah  Packard ;  their  son  Isaac 
and  his  wife  Priscilla  Jackson;  and  their  son 
Joseph  and  his  wife  Olive  Beal,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Ellis  Brett.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  at  Hunt 's  Academy,  and 
afterwards  engaged  in  fanning  with  his  father. 
In  1882  he  became  assistant  city  assessor  in  Ward 
7,  and  was  reflected  until  1885,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  board  of  assessors  until 
1898,  being  elected  annually  until  1895,  and  then 
for  a  term  of  three  years;  for  several  years  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  board.  In  1884  he 
served  as  tax  collector,  and  in  1886  became  over- 
seer of  the  poor,  holding  the  position  until  1S94, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
directors  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank,  retiring 
after  several  years  of  service.  In  1903  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Plymouth  County  Trust 
Co.,  and  retained  the  office  until  his  death.  During 
the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life  real  estate  was 
his  chief  interest.  A  staunch  Republican,  he  never 
sought  office,  although  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  committee  until  1892,  and  for  one  year 
was  a  member  of  the  Plymouth  county  campaign 
committee.  Mr.  Brett  was  a  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  the  Brockton 
Agricultural  Society,  and  for  years  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Church  of  the  New  Jerusalem. 
Few  men  were  more  widely  known  in  Brockton 
than  he.  In  business  he  was  conservative,  but 
shrewd  and  farseeiug,  and  his  integrity  won  the 
respect  and  high  regard  of  all  who  had  dealings 
with  him.  He  was  married  Nov.  10,  1892,  to  E. 
Florence,  daughter  of  Richard  Howes  of  Boston; 
through  her  mother  Mrs.  Brett  is  a  descendant  of 
John  Alden  and  Priseilla  Mullens  of  the  May- 
flower ;  one  son  was  born  of  this  marriage,  Roger 
Ellis  Brett,  deceased.  Mr.  Brett  died  in  Brockton, 
Mass.,  Feb.  IS,  1915. 

KAINS,  Archibald  Chetwode,  banker,  was 
born  in  London,  Ontario,  Can.,  Nov.  24,  1865, 
son  of  William  King  and  Henrietta  (Hamilton) 
Kains,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  Kains  of  Chat- 
ham, England,  an  officer  in  the  Royal  Navy,  who 
settled  at  Grenville,  county  of  Argenteuil,  Quebec, 
in  1816.  After  graduating  at  the  London  Colle- 
giate Institution  in  1882,  he  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  London,  Can., 
and  thereafter  held  various  positions  in  that  bank 
and  its  branches  in  Montreal,  Brantt'ord,  Saini.i 
and  Strathroy.  In  1888  he  was  transferred  to  the 
New  York  branch  of  the  Canadian  Bank  of  Com- 
merce; as  accountant.  After  the  panic  of  1893, 
lie  was  sent  to  New  Orleans,  La.,  to  open  an 
agency  of  his  bank  in  that  city,  and  when  the  new 
branch  had  been  placed  on  a  paying  basis,  he  be- 
came assistant  manager  of  the  Canadian  Bank 
of  Commerce  in  Montreal.  He  was  manager  of 
the  Chicago  branch  for  about  two  years  and  then 
assistant  manage'  and  later  manager  of  the  San 
Francisco  office.  This  position  he  left  to  assume 
the  duties  of  exrminer  of  the  clearing  house  banks 
of  that  city,  wliieh  post  he  held  diuring  1908-14. 
When  the  federal  reserve  system  was  organized  in 
1914,  Mr.  Kains  was  appointed  governor  of  th° 
Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  San  Francisco,  and 


served  in  that  capacity  until  1917,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  the  American  Foreign 
Banking  Corporation  of  New  York.  The  latter 
was  established  in  1914  for  the  purpose  of  foreign 
trade  by  some  thirty-five  banks  extending  from 
New  York  to  San  Francisco  and  covering  the  prin- 
'cipal  manufacturing  and  seaport  towns  in  the 
United  States.  This  business  was  started  Nov.  1, 
1917,  the  head  office  being  in  New  York.  Branches 
have  been  established  in  Panama  and  Christobal  in 
the  Canal  Zone,  and  in  Port-au-Prince,  Haiti, 
Havana,  Cuba,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil.  In 
191fi-17  Mr.  Kains  was  a  member  of  the  IT.  S. 
section  of  the  International  High  Commission. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  and  in  religion  an 
Episcopalian.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pacific 
Union  (former  president)  ;  Presidio  Golf  (former 
president)  and  San  P>ancisco  Commercial  (former 
president)  clubs  of  San  Francisco;  and  of  the  Met- 
ropolitan, Bankers,  Railroad,  Whitehall  clubs  and 
India  House  of  New  York.  In  19KM7  he  was 
president  of  St.  Andrews  Society,  San  Francisco. 
His  favorite  diversions  are  fishing,  golf  and  geneol- 
ogy.  He  was  married  May  11,  1895,  to  Fanny 
George,  daughter  of  George  W.  Donaldson,  vice- 
president  of  the  American  Lithographic  Co.,  New 
York.  They  have  no  children. 

WILLOUGHBY,  Hugh  de  Laussat,  inventor, 
was  born  at  Solitude,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
7,  1856,  son  of  Samuel  Augustus  and  Estelle  (de 
Laussat)  Willoughby.  He  graduated  at  the  Univer" 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  as  a  mining  engineer  in  1877, 
and  in  1896  graduated  at  the  United  States  Naval 
War  College,  where  he  was  attached  by  a  special 
order  from  the  secretary  of  the  navy,  with  the 
rank  of  acting  lieutenant  in  the  IT.  S.  navy.  At 
the  same  time  he  was  in  command  of  the  naval 
reserve  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island,  which  he 
organized.  He  studied  law  for  four  years  (1877- 
81)  in  the  office  of  Judge  Amasa  J.  Parker  (q.v.) 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  but  made  no  application  for 
admission  to  the  bar.  'Capt.  Willougliby  was  one 
of  the  early  enthusiasts  of  the  bicycle  when  it  first 
became  popular,  in  1890;  he  had  been  taught  to 
ride  by  Miehaux,  the  inventor  of  the  machine,  in 
Paris,  France,  when  he  was  ten  years  old.  He 
organized,  and  was  president  of  the  second  bi- 
cycle club  in  the  United  States,  and  was  one  of 
the  organizers,  and  the  first  treasurer,  of  the 
League  of  American  Wheelmen.  He  was  the  in- 
ventor of  a  number  of  improvements  for  the  aero- 
plane, the  most  important  of  which  were  the  Wil- 
loughby patent  double  rudders,  which  consisted 
in  a  forward  and  after  horizontal  rudder,  with 
inverse  and  simultaneous  action,  for  steering  in 
the  vertical  plane.  These  rudders  were  patented 
in  1908;  and  were  adopted  by  the  Wright  broth- 
ers, Glenn  Curtiss,  Henry  Farman,  C.  K.  Hamil- 
ton, Capt.  Thomas  S.  Baldwin  and  others.  Capt. 
Willoughby  holds  fourteen  of  the  early  patents 
for  improvements  on  air  craft,  some  of  which  are 
applicable  to  the  dirigible  as  well  as  to  the  aero- 
plane. These  patents  were  obtained  in  the  United 
States,  France  and  England.  He  considered  that 
his  patent  ' '  double  rudders  ' '  were  so  important  to 
safety,  that  he  issued  many  royalties  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe  for  fifty  cents.  This  was  at  a 
time  when  accidents  occurred  much  more  frequent- 
ly than  they  do  today  He  is  author  of  "Across 
the  Everglades,"  (18 — ),  which  has  passed 
through  five  Americrn  editions,  and  one  English, 
and  which  received  favorable  comments  from  tin- 
entire  American  press.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  /"he  Acalemy  of  Natural  Science,  the 


18 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


American  Society  of  Aeronautic  Engineers,  and 
of  the  following  societies  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania :  Alumni  Society,  Varsity  Club, 
Aero  Club,  of  which  he  is  honorary  president,  and 
the  Athletic  Association,  in  which  he  was  active 
in  his  college  days,  having  been  winner  of  the 
first  track  athletic  championship  for  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  which  was  the  first  cup  that 
Pennsylvania  had  ever  won.  He  also  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  the  Aero  Club 
of  America,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  technical  committee  since  its  foundation,  the 
Aero  Club  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  St.  Augustine 
Golf  Club  (he  played  the  first  game  of  golf  ever 
played  in  Florida),  the  Gilbert's  Bar  Yacht  Club 
and  the  Mid-Rivers  Country  Club,  nil  of  Florida, 
and  the  Atlantic  Tuna  Club  of  Block  Island,  R.  I. 
His  chief  diversions  are  in  aviation  and  yachting. 
He  was  married  Oct.  2,  1878,  to  Augusta  de  P., 
daughter  of  Rev.  James  Brownson  Harrison,  of 
Derbyshire,  England;  there  are  three  children: 
Hugh  de  L.,  Jr.,  lieutenant  in  the  U.  S.  navy: 
Estelle  de  L.,  wife  of  Clayton  G.  Dixon,  of  W.il- 
lingford,  Pa.,  and  Katheriue  Harrison,  wife  of 
James  K.  Clarke,  of  Ardmore,  Pa. 

TAGTTE,  John  Robert,  merchant  and  jobber, 
was  born  at  Madison,  Ind.,  July  1,  1859,  son  of 
John  R.  and  Mary  Ann  Tague.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  Madison,  and  in  1879 
enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  naval  service  as  an  apothecary, 
and  went  to  the  Pacific  coast  on  a  warship.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  with  the  party  that  first  dis- 
covered gold  in  Alaska.  Returning  to  the  States 
he  accepted  positions  in  drug  stores  at  Pine  Bluff, 
and  Little  Rock,  Ark.  In  1885  he  settled  at 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  as  head  of  the  order  department, 
and  buyer  for  the  Mansfield  Drug  Co.,  wholesalers; 
later  was  made  a  director  in  the  concern,  and  be- 
i-:nne  assistant  manager  of  the  Van  Vleet-  Mans- 
field Drug  Co.,  when  the  Van  Vlcet  Co.  took  over 
the  business  of  the  former  corporation.  In  HHif) 
he  was  promoted  general  manager,  continuing  in 
that  capacity,  and  as  director,  until  his  death.  He 
enjoyed  a  nation-wide  reputation  in  the  drug  and 
pharmaceutical  line.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
National  Wholesale  Drug  Association  in  1915,  and 
in  the  same  year  he  was  president  of  the  Southern 
Wholesale  Drug  Club.  He  was  also  a  director  of 
a  Memphis  bank.  He  held  membership  in  every 
commercial  organization  of  Memphis,  including  the 
Business  Men's  Club  Memphis  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, Memphis  Freight  Bureau,  and  the  Cotton 
States  Merchants'  Association,  was  vice-president 
of  the  Indiana  Society  of  Tennessee,  and  a  mem- 
ber also  of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World.  In  church 
circles  he  was  honored  by  official  positions,  and  at 
his  death  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  stewards 
of  the  Second  Methodist  Church,  and  superintend- 
ent of  the  Sunday  school.  His  religious  earnest- 
ness found  expression  in  many  ways,  and  his  in- 
terest in  all  kinds  of  missionary  and  evangelistic 
work  was  unflagging.  He  was  married,  June  29, 
1882,  to  Jennie  E.,  daughter  of  John  Sucese,  of 
North  Vermin,  Ind.;  she  survived  him,  with  two 
children:  Nonna  and  Nellie.  John  Robert  Tague 
died  at  Gulfpurt,  Miss.,  Oct.  10,  1916. 

PERSON,  Rollin  Harlow,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Livingston  county,  Mich.,  Oct.  15,  ISofl,  son  of 
Cornelius  Harlow  and  Lucinda  (Stafford)  Person. 
His  father,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  settled 
near  Howell,  Mich.,  in  1S37;  he  was  a  farmer  and 
school  teacher.  Rollin  Person  received  his  educa- 
tion in  public  schools  and  under  the  preceptorship 
of  his  father.  A*-  nineteen  he  was  granted  a 
teacher's  certificate,  and  taught  for  two  years. 


In  1S71  he  was  appointed  deputy  register  of  deeds 
for  Livingston  county.  He  be'gan  the  study  of 
law  at  Howell  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dennis 
Shields,  and  attended  the  college  of  law  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  graduating  in  1872.  In 
that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  with  a 
'  capital  of  less  than  five  dollars  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Orleans,  Neb.,  where  he  was 
also  acting  county  clerk  and  register  of  deeds, 
and  resided  in  a  shack  on  a  tract  of  government 
land.  He  returned  to  Howell  in  1875,  and  at 
once  became  a  factor  in  civic  and  municipal  life, 
as  well  as  in  Democratic  politics.  He  served  as 
recorder  of  Howell  during  1876-77,  and  as  cir- 
cuit court  commissioner  during  1877-78.  In  1891 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  newly  organized 
13th  judicial  circuit;  was  elected  in  the  same  year 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and 
in  1893  was  nominated  by  all  parties  for  the  full 
term  of  six  years,  declining  a  renomination  in  1899. 
lie  then  formed  a  partnership  with  Edmund  C. 
Shields,  under  the  firm  style  of  Person,  Shields 
\-  Silsbee,  Lansing.  Gov.  Ferris  appointed  him  to 
the  bench  of  the  Michigan  supreme  court  in  1916, 
to  fill  out  an  uuexpired  term,  and  in  the  same  year 
he  was  defeated  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  elec- 
tion to  that  position.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Lansing  firm  of  Person, 
Thomas,  Shields  &  Silsbee.  He  had  great  capacity 
for  work  and  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  in- 
dustry. He  was  married,  July  29,  1873,  to  Ida 
May,  daughter  of  Judge  Janies  G.  Madden,  of 
Monmouth,  111. ;  she  survived  him,  with  four  chil- 
dren: Harlow  Stafford,  professor  of  commerce  and 
industry,  Dartmouth  College,  and  major  IT.  S.  A.; 
Harry  J.,  a  real  estate  agent  of  Lansing;  May, 
and  Arniamd  Person,  1st  lieutenant  with  the  Ameri- 
can army  in  France.  Rollin  Harlow  Person  died 
at  Lansing,  June  2,  1917. 

GASH,  Abram  Dale,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Elmer,  Macon  eo.,  Mo.,  Feb.  11,  1861,  son  of 
William  Thomas  and  Maria  (Dale)  Gash;  grand- 
son of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Oliver)  Gash,  and 
great-grandson  of  Thomas  Gash  and  his  wife,  who 
was  a  Daugherty.  Thomas  Gash,  born  in  America, 
resided  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  19th  century.  William  Thomas  Gash,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Fayette,  Howard 
CO.,  Missouri,  was  a  miller.  Abram  Dale  Gash  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  county.  He  served  as  deputy  circuit  clerk 
of  Macon  county  (Mo.)  during  1885-90.  Mean- 
while, he  studied  law  at  La  Plata,  Mo.,  on  the 
suggestion  of  Judge  Andrew  Ellison;  removed  to 
Utah  in  1890,  and  in  1SJI1  was  admitted  to  the 
Utah  bar,  beginning  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Provo.  He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace 
at  Provo  during  1891-92 ;  as  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Utah  county  during  1892-96,  and  was  Judge 
Advocate  General  with  the  rank  of  colonel  on  the 
staff  of  Gov.  Caleb  W.  West  during  1893-96.  In 
lv.'^  he  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he  has  since 
practiced  law,  an  1  aside  from  his  professional 
activities  is  a  director  in  the  Victor  Electric  Cor- 
poration. He  was  a  Democratic  presidential 
elector  for  Illinois  in  1913,  and  during  1913-17 
was  president  of  the  Illinois  state  highway  com- 
mission. He  has  spoken  from  the  stump  for  the 
Democratic  party  for  nearly  two  score  of  years, 
in  Missouri,  Utah  and  Illinois,  has  lectured  on 
good  roads  from  Boston  to  San  Francisco,  and 
has  given  talks  on  Masonry  in  many  states.  He 
is  widely  known  as  an  orator,  and  as  a  strong' 
advocate  of  a  clean  personal  life.  He  was  Grand 
Master  of  the  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Lodge  of 


HUGH  DEL.  WILLOUGHBY 
INVENTOR 


JOHN  R.  TAGl   I 

MERCHANT 


ROLLIN  H.  PERSON 
JURIST 


ABRAM  D.'  GASH 

LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


1!) 


Masons  of  Utah  in  1897;  holds  honorary  member- 
ship in  many  Masonic  bodies,  and  is  a  Knight 
Templar  and  member  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  He 
is  a  member  also  of  various  bar  associations.  He 
is  author  of  "The  False  Star,"  an  historical 
novel,  and  of  many  poems.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  his  home  with  his  wife  and  children. 
He  is  a  communicant  of  the  Universalist  church. 
He  was  married  (1)  at  La  Plata,  Mo.,  Oct.  1, 
1885,  to  Nannie  (Rutherford)  Daugherty,  daugh- 
ter of  Wm.  Rutherford,  of  Ashley,  Mo.;  she  dii'd 
in  1902.  He  was  married  (2)  at  Berwyn,  111., 
Apr.,  12,  1905,  to  Maude,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Blomquist,  and  Christine  Blomquist,  of  Berwyn; 
there  is  one  child  by  the  first  union:  Lowell  Ed- 
win (1891),  engaged  in  the  railroad  business  be- 
fore the  war,  who  was  1st  sergeant,  A.  E.  F.  in 
France,  and  three  children  by  the  second  union: 
William  Alexander  (1906),"  Aliram  Dale,  Jr. 
(190S),  and  Rose  Marie  Gash  (1914). 

BARDEEN,  Charles  Valdo,  jurist,  was  born 
at  Brookfield,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  23,  1850, 
son  of  Rasselaa  and  Maria  Brown  (Palmer)  Bar- 
deen,  grandson  of  Cyrus  and  Sally  (Wilbur)  Bar- 
deen  and  great-grandson  of  Moses  Bardeen,  a 
soldier  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  His  father, 
Rasselas  Bardeen,  a  box  manufacturer  of  New 
York,  settled  on  a  farm  at  Albion,  Dane  eo.,  Wis., 
in  1855.  The  son  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  district  schools  and  at  Albion  Academy, 
but  left  the  University  of  Wisconsin  at  the  end  of 
1S69  because  of  impaired  health.  He  afterwards 
returned  fully  restored,  was  graduated  at  the  col- 
lege of  law  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  with 
the  degree  LL.B.  in  1875,  when  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  In  Waoisau,  Wis.,  in  the  same  year, 
he  went  into  partnership  with  Roger  C.  Spooner, 
brother  of  Sen.  John  Coit  Spooner,  the  firm  of 
Spooner  and  Bardeen  dissolving  in  1876,  subse- 
quently becoming  Kellog  and  Bardeen  until  Gen. 
John  A.  Kellog 's  death  in  1882.  A  partnership 
was  then  formed  with  W.  H.  Mylrea,  as  Bardeen 
&  Mylrea,  the  firm  becoming  Bardeen,  Marchetti 
&  Mylrea  in  1883,  enduring  until  1892,  when  our 
subject  was  elected  to  the  circuit  bench,  during 
which  time  he  was  connected  with  the  lumber  in- 
dustry and  several  corporations.  Reflected  in 
1897,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Wisconsin 
supreme  court  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term  by 
Gov.  Scofield  in  1898,  subsequently  being  elected 
to  this  position  in  1899.  Previously,  he  filled  the 
positions  of  city  and  district  attorneys,  serving 
ten  years  as  superintendent  of  public  schools, 
Wausau.  He  was  a  member  of  various  bar  asso- 
ciations and  was  a  32nd  degree  Mason,  being  past 
grand  high  priest  (1892)  of  the  Wisconsin  grand 
chapter.  Although  a  Republican,  he  was  not  a 
partisan.  His  chief  recreation  was  in  golf,  bil- 
liards and  gunning.  His  integrity,  forcefulness 
:md  sense  of  justice  won  for  him  the  praise  of 
Chief  Justice  Winslow  of  the  Wisconsin  supreme 
court  who  said,  ''His  opinions,  contained  in 
eighteen  volumes  of  the  Wisconsin  reports,  con- 
stitute a  memorial  to  his  character  and  ability 
more  convincing  and  durable  than  any  that  can  be 
written."  He  was  married  at  Albion,  Wis.,  June 
17,  1876,  to  Frances  Harmina,  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin  Smith  Barton  Miller,  a  manufacturer  of 
Albion;  she  survives  him  with  three  children: 
Eleanor,  now  Mrs.  Maurice  Ingolf  Johnson,  Madi- 
son, Wis.;  Charles  Valdo,  Jr.,  an  engraver,  of 
Chicago,  and  Florence  Catherine,  wife  of  Frank 
Linton  LaMotte,  Baltimore,  Md.  He  died  at 
Madison,  Wis.,  Mar.  20,  1903. 

RICHER,  Marilla  Marks,  lawyer,  author  and 


humanitarian,  was  born  at  New  Durham,  N.  H., 
daughter  of  Jonathan  B.  and  Hannah  D. 
(Stevens)  Young.  Her  father,  a  farmer  and 
cousin  of  Brigham  Young,  was  a  broad,  liberal- 
minded  man,  and  a  "free  thinker,"  and  she  was 
brought  up  a  free  thinker,  a  suffragist  and  a 
Whig.  After  a  course  at  Colby  Academy,  New 
London,  N.  H.,  she  taught  school  until  her  mar- 
riage to  John  Ricker,  of  Dover,  N.  H.,  a  well  to- 
do  farmer,  who  died  in  18(iSi,  leaving  her  a 
wealthy  widow.  She  went  abroad  in  1872,  spend- 
ing some  years  in  study  in  Germany,  and  thor- 
oughly mast  .ring  the  language  of  that  country. 
She  began  the  study  of  law,  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
with  Albert  G.  Riddle  and  Arthur  B.  Williams,  in 
1876,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1882,  taking 
the  examination  with  eighteen  men,  all  of  win  mi 
she  outranked.  She  practiced  in  Washington  for 
many  years  and  was  known  as  the  "prisoners' 
friend,"  from  her  constant  habit  of  visiting  jails 
and  prisons,  and  applying  for  releases  and  par- 
dons, and  supplying  prisoners  with  reading  mat- 
ter, writing  material  and  other  comforts.  Quite 
early  in  her  legal  career  she  made  the  test  of  the 
"poor  convicts'  act,"  tinder  which  she  believed 
great  injustice  was  done  in  the  fines  usually  im- 
posed supplementary  to  confinement,  and  she  suc- 
ceeded in  receiving  judgment  that  the  fine  was 
illegal.  She  was  one  of  the  assistant  counsellors 
associated  with  Col.  Robt.  G.  Ingersoll  in  the 
famous  "Star  Route"  cases,  during  the  prolonged 
hours  of  the  six  months'  trial.  Her  legal  work 
has  been  almost  invariably  on  the  side  of  crim- 
inals, for  whom  she  has  the  broadest  charity,  ami 
for  all  oppressed,  spending  her  means  for  them 
freely,  and  employing  counsel  when  not  able  to 
attend  the  cases  herself.  In  1884  she  was  ap- 
pointed examiner  in  chancery  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  also  U.  S. 
commissioner,  in  which  capacity  she  heard  many 
cases.  She  opened  the  New  Hampshire  bar  to 
women  in  July,  1890,  when  she  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  the  state.  She  has  written  numerous 
letters  on  tariff,  has  done  much  political  work  on 
behalf  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1891  she  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  She  was  the  first  woman  in  New 
Hampshire  to  demand  the  right  to  vote,  paying 
her  taxes  under  protest  since  refusal.  In  1910 
she  announced  herself  as  a  candidate  for  governor 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  by  many  of  her  friends 
it  was  believed  that  her  candidacy  would  help  the 
cause  of  woman  suffrage,  to  which  Mrs.  Ricker 's 
life  has  been  devoted  for  over  fifty  years.  She 
has  served  as  vice-presidtnt-at-large  of  the  Na- 
tional Legislative  League,  as  president  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Woman  Suffrage  Association,  and  is 
a  life  member  of  The  Woman  Suffrage  Associa- 
tion. She  is  an  ardent  "free  thinker,"  a  disciple 
of  Paine  and  Ingersoll,  and  she  has  traveled  wide- 
ly and  spoken  forcefully  in  advocacy  of  her  prin- 
ciples. She  is  the  author  of  several  "free 
thought"  books:  "The  Four  Gospels,"  (1911); 
"I  Don't  Know,  Do  You?"  (1915);  and  "I  Am 
Not  Afraid,  Are  You?"  (1917). 

CRAPO,  Philip  Madison,  insurance,  was  born 
in  Freetown,  Mass.,  June  30,  1844,  son  of  Philip 
and  Hannah  (Crapo)  Crapo  and  a  descendant  of 
Peter  Crapo,  a  native  of  Bordeaux,  France,  who 
came  to  America  in  1680,  anil  was  the  common  an- 
cestor of  the  Crapo  family  in  America.  From 
him  and  his  wife  Penelope  White,  the  line  of  de- 
scent is  traced  through  their  sun  John  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Clark;  their  son  Joshili  and  his  \vife,  Jane 


•20 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Haskins;    and    their   son   Benjamin   and   his   wife, 
Hannah    Howland,   who  were   the   grandparents   of 
Philip  Madison  Crapo.     Josiah  Crapo  was  a  cor- 
poral in  the  patriot   army   during  the  war   of  the 
Revolution.     Philip  M.  Crapo  was  educated  in  the 
common  and  high  schools  of  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
and   he  studied   law   at   home.      His  first  employ- 
ment was  as  an  engineer   on  the  construction  of 
the    Pere   Marquette    railroad,    at    Detroit,    Mich. 
When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the 
Third    Massachusetts    Infantry,    and    served    until 
the    termination    of    hostilities   with    a    creditable 
military  record.  Thereafter  he  was  employed  in  the 
office   of   Gov.    Crapo   of   the   state   of    Michigan. 
In   1S68   he  became  an  agent  of  the  Connecticut 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.  in  Burlington,  la.,  and 
in  a  short  time  was  made  general  agent  of  Iowa 
and  Nebraska.    He  was  afterward  appointed  finan- 
cial correspondent  of  the   company  and  held  the 
latter  post  until  his  death.     During  his  period  of 
service  the  company  loaned  $19,000,000  in  his  field, 
on   farms  and   other  property,  and   of  this  large 
amount,  lost  not  a  single  dollar.     At  his  death  the 
company  acknowledged   the  singular   efficiency   of 
his   service   in   a   testimonial   to   his  family.      Mr. 
Crapo  was  instrumental  in  securing  the  establish- 
ment  of   the   Iowa   Soldiers'   Home,   at   Marshall- 
town,  la.,  and  the  free  public  library  at  Burling- 
ton, contributing  freely  of  his  time  and  money  to 
bring  these  institutions   to  completion.      He   aided 
in  the  establishment  of  a  state  library  commission, 
and  among  his  numerous  other  public-spirited  ac- 
tivities   was    the    founding    of    Burlington's    city 
park,  which  was  named  Crapo  Park  in  his  honor. 
At   one   time   Mr.   Crapo   was  local   editor  of  the 
"Burlington    Hawkeye, "    and    he    was    always    a 
frequent  contributor  to  that  paper.     He  was  also 
well-known  as  a  public  speaker,  and  was  frequently 
called    upon    to    make    addresses    before    political 
conventions  and  other  public  bodies.     He  was  con- 
versant with  all  the  political  issues  and  events  of 
his  day,  and  was  prominent  in  nil  civic  movements. 
He  was  a  member  also  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
and    the   G.   A.    R.      When    the    national    guard   of 
Iowa    held    their    encampment    at   Burlington,    the 
camp  was  named   Crapo   in  his  honor.     The   Sons 
of   Veterans  adopted   his  name  for   their   local  or- 
ganization,  and  a  bronze  relief  of  his   head  was 
placed  on  the  Soldiers'  monument  at  Des  Moines, 
la.     He  was  married,  at  Burlington,  la.,  Sept.  6, 
1870,    to    Ruth    A.,    daughter    of    Harvey    Ray,    a 
manufacturer   of   Burlington,   and   had   seven   chil- 
dren:    Edith    i?ay    who    married   Martin   T.   Bald- 
win, a  lawyer;  Philip  Ashley,  a  lawyer  (deceased)  ; 
Chester    Frederick    (deceased)  ;    Clifford   Maxwell; 
Ruth  Kelsall,  wife  of  Samuel  Y.  Johnson,  a  banker; 
Lucy    Rowland,    wife    of    Ralph    S.    Loring,    and 
William    Mitchell    Crapo.      Philip    Madison    Crapo 
died  at  Burlington,  la.,  Sept.  20,  1903.     (Portrait 
opposite  page  21.) 

ALEXANDER,  Hubbard  Foster,  shipowner, 
was  born  at  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  Aug.  14,  1S79, 
the  son  of  Edwards  Sime  and  Emma  (Foster) 
Alexander.  His  first  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  his  grandfather,  William  Alexander,  who  came 
from  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  in  1816,  settled  first  at 
Halifax,  Can.,  ami  shortly  afterward  came  to  New 
York  city;  he  married  Julia  A.  Lounsbury,  and 
from  them  the  line  in  America  descends.  Hubbard 
Foster  Alexander  was  educated  at  Powelsen's 
Academy  and  High  School,  Tacoma,  Wash.  Finan- 
cial misfortune  which  befell  his  father  in  the 
panic  of  1893  caused  Mr.  Alexander  to  go  to 
work  at  the  age  of  fourteen  as  a  longshoreman 
on  the  Tacoma  docks.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 


became    general    manager,    and  -at    the    age    of 
twenty-one  president  of  the  Commercial  Dock  Com- 
pany.    At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  obtained  con- 
trol and  was  elected  president  of  the  Alaska  Pa- 
cific   Steamship    Co.      He    built   up    a    big    trans- 
portation organization  on  the  Pacific  coast  during 
a  most  discouraging  period  in  American  maritime 
history.      The   Alaska   Pacific   Steamship   Co.   was 
organized  by  Captain   E.   E.   Caine  at   Seattle  in 
1906.     A   year   later   Mr.   Alexander   and   several 
Tacoma  associates  who  had  been  interested  with 
Captain  Caine  in  the  formation  of  the  company, 
obtained  control,   and  Mr.   Alexander  was  elected 
president.      In    1908    Mr.   Alexander   also   became 
president   of   the   Alaska   Coast    Co.,   of   Tacoma, 
when  the  line  was  obtained  by  the  Alaska   Pacific 
Steamship  Co.  interests.     The  two  companies  were 
consolidated  in  1911  into  the  Pacific  Alaska  Navi- 
gation Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Alexander  became  presi- 
dent.    On  Nov.   1,   1916,  Mr.  Alexander  organized 
the    Pacific    Steamship    Co.,    which    is    popularly 
called    the    Admiral    Line,    by    consolidating    the 
fleets   of  the   Pacific  Alaska   Navigation   Co.   and 
the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Co.,  and  thus  brought 
under   his   control   the   largest   fleet   of   American 
steamships   on   the   Pacific.      At   first   the   Pacific 
Steamship  Co.  confined  its  operations  to  coastwise 
trade  between  Nome,  Alaska,  and  San  Diego,  Cal. 
In    September,    1917,    the    company    extended    its 
field    to    the   Orient,    where    it    has   since   become 
firmly  established.    Mr.  Alexander  has  always  been 
a   leader  on   the   Pacific   coast   in   advocating  the 
development  of  an  American  merchant  marine  that 
would  be  second  to  none.     In   1916  he  started  a 
campaign  in  Washington  and  California  with  an 
appeal  to  public  opinion  which  resulted   in  these 
states  passing  laws  to  create  training  schools  for 
licensed    merchant    marine   officers.      The    training 
schools  subsequently  established  by  the  U.  S.  Ship- 
ping Board  were  an  outgrowth  of  this  movement. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  Dollar  Steamship  Line,  of 
San   Francisco,   Cal.,   and   in   the   First    National 
Bank,   Seattle,   Wash.     On   Mar.   5,   1918,   he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Committee  of 
Lloyds   Register   of   shipping;    on   June   29,    1918, 
he  was  made  a  member  of  the   American  Bureau 
of  Shipping;    and  on  Sept.  4,   1918,  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  executive  board  of  the  American 
Steamship   Association.     He   is  a  member  of  the 
Pacific    Union    Club,    San    Francisco ;     California 
Club,  Los  Angeles;   Union  Club,  Tacoma;  Rainier 
Club,  Seattle;   aud  the  Racquet,  New  York  Yacht, 
India    House,    and    Rocky    Mountain    clubs,    New 
York.      His    favorite    recreations    are    tennis    and 
horseback  riding.     He  is  a  man  of  optimistic  en- 
ergy,  and   of  pronounced   organizing   ability.      He 
was   married,    Apr.    30,    1902,    to    Ruth    Caldwell, 
daughter    of    R.    P.    Caldwell,    of    Portlaud,    Ore. 
They  have  one  child,  Dorothy  Alexander. 

NOTES,  George  Henry,  jurist,  was  born  at 
McLean,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.j  Apr.  18,  1S49,  son 
of  John  and  Mary  Stanton  (Millard)  Noyes.  His 
earliest  known  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Rev.  James  Noyes,  who,  coming  from  Holland  in 
Hi.'U,  settled  at  Newbury,  Mass.  After  a  prelim- 
inary education  at  public  schools  and  at  Lawrence 
College,  Appleton,  \Vis.,  he  was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  receiving  his  A.B.  in 
1873  and  his  LL.B.  in  1874,  previous  to  which  he 
was  assistant  state  librarian.  After  a  year's 
practice  in  Milwaukee,  he  went  into  partnership, 
in  1875,  with  Dixon,  Hooker  &  Palmer,  which  firm 
went  through  the  respective  changes  of  Dixon, 
Hooker,  Wegg  &  Noyes,  Dixon  &  Noyes,  and 
Dixon,  Noyes  &  Dixon.  Subsequently  he  formed 


PHILIP  M.  CRAPO 
INSURANCE 


HUBBARD  F.  ALEXANDER 

SHIPOWNER 


GEORGE  H.  NOYES 
JURIST 


EARL  \V.  SPENCER 
BROKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


21 


i  partnership  with  George  Markham  (q.v.)  under 
the  name  of  Markham  and  Noyes,  which  lasted 
until  1887,  during  which  period  he  was  general 
solicitor  and  secretary  of  the  Milwaukee  &  North- 
ern Railway  Co.  Elected  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Milwaukee  co.  in  1887,  he  resigned  in 
1890,  becoming  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Miller, 
Noyes  &  Miller,  subsequently  Miller,  Noyes,  Miller 
&•  Wahl.  He  withdrew  in  1906  to  become  counsel 
for  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  his  death.  Though 
a  Republican,  he  was  not  a  partisan.  He  was 
regent  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  1890-1902, 
vice-president  of  the  board  1897-98,  and  president 
1899-1901,  receiving  in  1904  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
For  many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  commit- 
tee of  Forest  Home  Cemetery,  the  board  of  com- 
missioners of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Library, 
and  a  charter  member  of  the  Milwaukee  Asso- 
ciated Charities;  and  for  years  a  trustee  of 
Emergency  Hospital,  Milwaukee.  He  was  presi- 
dent (1904-05)  of  the  Wisconsin  Bar  Association, 
and  a  member  of  the  American  Bar  Association, 
Milwaukee  County  Bar  Association,  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution,  Society  of  Mayflower  De- 
scendants, the  Milwaukee,  Milwaukee  Country,  City, 
and  Town  clubs,  Old  Settlers'  and  Bankers'  clubs, 
and  of  Alpha  Beta  Kappa  fraternity,  and  also 
president  of  the  Wisconsin  Society.  He  was  a 
member  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  married  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  No- 
vember, 1876,  to  Agnes  Allis  Haskell,  of  Chicago. 
They  had  five  children:  Emily,  Katherine,  Has- 
kell, Margaret,  anil  Helen.  He  died  at  Clearwater, 
Fla.,  Jan.  9,  1916 

SPENCER,  Earl  Winfield,  stock  and  bond 
dealer,  was  born  at  Virgil,  Cortland  county,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  14,  1852,  son  of  Nathan  and  Polly  Ann 
(Price)  Spencer.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  probably  .larael  Spencer,  who  came 
from  England  and  settled  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in 
1633;  from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  son  or  grandson  Phineas;  his  son  Itha- 
mar,  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  the 
latter 's  wife  Rebecca  -  — ;  their  son 

Amos,  an  officer  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  his 
wife  Dorcas  Woodcock ;  and  their  son  Isaac  and 
his  wife  Nancy  Peabody,  who  were  the  grandpar- 
ents of  our  subject.  His  father,  Nathan  Spencer, 
was  in  early  life  a  farmer ;  later  he  was  a  promi- 
nent man  in  the  town  of  Virgil,  N.  Y.,  holding  the 
office  of  supervisor  for  several  years,  was  also  a 
stock  dealer,  and  an  active  member  in  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church.  The  son  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  public  schools,  subsequently 
entering  the  New  York  State  Normal  School  at 
Cortlaml.  In  1876  he  was  engaged  in  cattle  ranch- 
ing in  Indian  Territory  and  Texas.  He  engaged 
in  the  live  stock  and  ranching  business  in  Indian 
Territory  in  1879  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Spen- 
cer &  Drew,  which  firm  was  associated  with  Rufus 
Hatch,  Lord  Tweedmouth  and  the  Earl  of  Aber- 
deen in  the  cattle  business.  This  relation  con- 
tinued until  1884.  During  1890-1900  he  was  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Spencer  &  MacDonald,  stock 
and  bond  brokers,  and  its  successor,  Tracy  Mac- 
Donald  &  Co.  He  has  since  been  in  business  inde- 
pendently. In  1917,  during  the  war  between  the 
United  States  and  Germany  he  served  as  chairman 
of  the  patrol  committee  of  Highland  Park,  a 
branch  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense.  He  was  also 
enrolled  in  the  American  Protective  League,  being 
one  of  the  earliest  members  of  that  organization. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Stock  Exchange 
and  of  the  Chicago  Club.  Politically  he  is  a  Re- 


publican and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  church.  His  residence  is  at  High- 
land Park,  Lake  co.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation 
in  miniature  farming  on  his  plot  in  Highland 
Park  and  when  at  his  summer  cottage  at  Ephraim, 
Wis.,  on  Green  Bay.  Mr.  Spencer  has  always  been 
active  in  all  kinds  of  athletic  sports.  In  1875  he 
played  baseball  on  the  Ithaca  (N.  Y.)  baseball  team, 
playing  as  left  field  and  catcher.  During  his  ranch- 
ing days  in  the  late  seventies  he  indulged  in  big 
game  hunting,  buffalo,  wolves,  bear,  deer  and  ante- 
lopes being  among  his  trophies  of  the  chase.  He  was 
married  Dec.  10,  1887,  to  Agnes  L.  M.,  daughter 
of  Frederick  Hughes  of  the  island  of  Jersey, 
England,  and  had  six  children:  Earl  Winfield,  Jr. 
(Annapolis,  1910),  a  lieutenant-commander  in  the 
aviation  branch  of  the  U.  S.  N.,  entered  aviation 
1914,  being  No.  17  to  enter  U.  S.  N.  Aviation  Ser- 
vice, was  in  command  of  North  Island  aviation 
field,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  during  the  war  with  Ger- 
many; Gladys  Mary;  Ethel  Mamd;  Egbert  Hughes, 
captain,  infantry,  A.  E.  P.,  with  the  army  of  oc- 
cupation in  Germany;  Dumaresq,  member  La 
Fayette  Flying  Corps  in  the  European  war,  killed 
while  flying  in  France;  and  Frederick  Lionel 
Spencer,  an  ambulance  driver  in  the  French  ser- 
vice and  for  the  American  Red  Cross  in  the 
European  war. 

THOMPSON,  Gustave  Whyte,  chemist  and 
inventor,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  27, 
1865,  son  of  John  and  Lucy  (Whyte)  Thomp- 
son. His  father  was  a  native  of  Sweden,  and 
his  mother  was  born  in  Ireland.  The  sub- 
jfct  of  this  sketch  was  practically  self-edu- 
cated, his  early  education  having  been  limited 
to  the  public  schools.  He  began  his  professional 
career  as  assistant  chemist  in  the  service  of  Ledoux 
&  Co.  Since  1892  he  has  been  affiliated  with  the 
National  Lead  Co.  as  chief  chemist,  and  since  1916 
has  been  a  director  of  the  company.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son has  conducted  very  elaborate  experiments  with 
paints,  and  has  contributed  much  to  the  develop- 
ment and  greater  perfection  of  the  industry.  Nu- 
merous papers  by  him  have  been  read,  on  subjects 
relating  to  the  paint  industry  and  to  problems 
connected  with  the  lead  industry.  He  has  taken 
out  no  patents,  all  of  his  work  being  for  the  direct 
benefit  of  the  National  Lead  Co.  or  the  public. 
Strongly  realizing  the  interrelation  of  the  progress 
of  manufacture  and  the  development  of  chemical 
knowledge,  he  has  done  everything  in  his  power 
to  encourage  manufacturers  to  co-operate  with  uni- 
versities in  the  development  of  chemistry  along 
practical  science.  Since  1916  he  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Institute  of  Chemical  Engi- 
neers, and  as  such  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  National  Expo- 
sitions of  Chemical  Industry.  He  is  a  fellow  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  and  a  member  of  the  American  Chemical 
Society,  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industries,  the 
American  Society  for  Testing  Materials  and  the 
Societe  de  Chimie  Industrielle.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Williams-Harvey  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Liverpool, 
England,  and  of  the  Williams-Harvey  Corporation, 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Thompson  has  found  time  in 
the  midst  of  his  strenuous  scientific  and  commer- 
cial affairs  to  interest  himself  in  public  service, 
and  in  1896-97  was  deputy  register  of  Kings 
county,  New  York.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 
He  was  married  Apr.  21,  1897,  to  Alice  C.,  daugh- 
ter of  Otis  H.  Wilmarth  of  Brooklyn,  and  has  two 
children:  Alice  W.  and  John  S.  Thompson. 

COKER,  James  Lide,  merchant,  was  born  near 
Society  Hill,  S.  C.,  January  3,  1837,  son  of  Caleb 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


and  Hannah  (Lide)  Coker.  His  father,  a  man  of 
great  personal  and  business  integrity,  was  a  suc- 
cessful merchant,  planter  and  banker.  The  founder 
of  the  family  in  America  was  his  great-grand- 
father, Thomas  Coker,  who  came  from  England  to 
Virginia  and  moved  to  Cashua  Ferry  on  the  Pee 
Dee  River,  S.  C.,  about  1735;  he  was  a  soldier  in 
the  revolutionary  war;  from  him  and  his  wife  Miss 
Prestwood  the  line  descends  through  their  son 
Caleb  and  his  wife  Nancy  McLendon,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  James  Lide  Coker.  He  was 
educated  at  St.  David's  Academy,  Citadel  Military 
Academy,  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, where  he  took  special  courses  under  Gray 
and  Agassiz.  He  began  his  business  career  in 
1859  at  Hartsville,  S.  C.,  in  association  with  his 
father  as  a  planter.  In  the  autumn  of  1860  he 
organized  the  Hartsville  Light  Infantry,  becoming 
captain  in  the  8th  and  later  in  the  6th  South  Caro- 
lina volunteers,  and  was  in  command  of  his  regi- 
ment at  Fredericksburg,  Blackwater  and  Suffolk. 
Later  he  was  promoted  major  of  the  6th  South 
Carolina  volunteers,  was  wounded  at  Lookout  Val- 
ley and  for  eight  months  was  a  prisoner,  and  was 
especially  mentioned  by  Gen.  Jenkins  for  gallant 
conduct  in  these  campaigns,  particularly  at  the 
battle  of  Seven  Pines.  While  he  never  sought  for 
political  office,  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  house  of  representatives,  in  1864-66  in- 
clusive, during  which  time  he  introduced  the  first 
bill  for  universal  public  education  in  South  Caro- 
lina. From  1866  until  the  close  of  his  life  he  pur- 
sued a  notable  and  successful  business  career  as 
planter,  merchant,  banker  and  manufacturer  at 
Hartsville,  and  was  for  a  few  years  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Norwood  &  Coker,  dealers  in  cotton  and 
naval  stores,  with  offices  in  Charleston.  In  1881 
he  organized  and  was  elected  president  of  the  Dar- 
lington (S.  C.)  National  Bank,  and  in  1882  he 
organized  and  became  the  first  president  of  the 
Darlington  Manufacturing  Co.  As  Hartsville  was 
fifteen  miles  from  a  railroad,  he  built  in  Iss9,  and 
operated  at  a  profit,  a  short  line  from  Hartsville  to 
Floyd,  connecting  with  the  Cheraw  and  Darlington 
Railroad,  eventually  selling  the  road  to  the  Atlantic 
Coast  Line.  In  association  with  his  son,  James  L. 
Coker,  Jr.,  he  established  the  Carolina  Fiber  Co., 
Hartsville,  making  pulp  and  paper  from  native 
woods,  and  was  president  of  the  company  from 
1890  to  1918.  He  was  also  president  of  the  South- 
ern Novelty  Co.,  former  president  of  the  Bank  of 
Hartsville,  senior  member  of  the  firm  J.  L.  Coker 
&  Co.,  organizer  and  a  director  of  the  Hartsville 
Cotton  Mill  and  president  of  the  Hartsville  Oil 
Mill.  He  was  also  a  director  of  the  Pedigreed 
Seed  Co.,  the  Birmingham  (Ala.)  Paper  Co.,  and 
the  Hartsville  Fertilizer  Factory.  Major  Coker 
started  his  mercantile  business  as  a  farm  commis- 
sary and  developed  it  into  a  merchandise  and  cot- 
ton business  of  large  volume.  He  was  a  genuine 
lover  of  education.  He  organized  the  Welch  Neck 
High  School  and  contributed  liberally  to  its  sup- 
port. He  founded  and  developed  Coker  College  for 
women,  Hartsville,  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees,  and  gave  more  than  $600,000  to  that  in- 
stitution— the  largest  benefaction  to  the  cause  of 
education  ever  given  by  an  individual  in  the  state. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  Hartsville  board  of  health 
and  through  his  interest  in  health  matters  and  his 
fight  against  mosquitoes  and  flies  Hartsville  was 
one  of  the  first  towns  in  the  United  States  to 
control  typhoid  and  malaria.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Pee  Dee  Historical  Society,  member  of 
the  Southern  Historical  Association,  South  Carolina 
Historical  Society,  American  Historical  Associa- 


tion, American  Institute  of  Civics,  and  American 
Red  Cross  Society.  Maj.  Coker 's  career  was  one 
to  command  admiration  and  respect.  Emerging 
from  a  Federal  prison  lamed  for  life  and  penniless, 
by  dint  of  perseverance,  wisdom  and  integrity  he 
became  a  notable  figure  in  the  state.  He  was  char- 
acterized by  energy,  promptness,  dignity,  reverence, 
tolerance  and  charity;  discharging  fully  every  ob- 
ligation; adhering  rigidly  to  principle,  he  was  un- 
moved by  personal  danger.  He  spoke  evil  of  no 
one ;  noted  the  best  in  everyone  and  of  everyone  ex- 
pected the  best;  was  self-sufficient  and  a  tower  of 
strength ;  yet  was  neither  opinionated,  self-assert- 
ive nor  dictatorial.  He  was  kind  to  animals,  gentle 
to  his  servants,  loved  birds  and  flowers  and  was 
profoundly  interested  in  many  scientific  subjects. 
The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  University  of  South  Carolina  in  1910.  He  was 
married,  March  28,  1860,  to  Susan  Armstrong, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Platt  Stout  of  Carlowville,  Ala.; 
Mrs.  Coker  died  in  1904 ;  the  children  of  this  mar- 
riage were:  Margaret  (deceased),  wife  of  Joseph 
J.  Lawton;  James  Lide,  Jr.,  engineer  and  manu 
facturer;  David  Robert,  planter, -plant  breeder  and 
merchant:  William  Chambers,  botanist  and  author; 
Jennie  (deceased),  wife  of  Duncan  Gay;  Charles 
Westfield,  manufacturer,  and  Susan  Armstrong 
Coker,  wife  of  Richard  Watson.  James  Lide  Coker 
died  at  Hartsville,  S.  C.,  June  25,  1918. 

SNEATH,  Samuel  Baugher,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Tiffin,  Ohio,  Dec.  19,  1828,  son  of  Richard 
and  Catherine  (Baugher)  Sneath.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Delaware  county,  Pa.,  moved  to  Mary- 
land, where  he  married.  Later  in  1826,  he  became 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Northwest  Ohio.  His  mother 
was  a  member  of  one  of  the  old  colonial  families 
of  Maryland.  The  first  of  the  family  in  America 
was  George  Sneath,  born  in  1761,  who  came  to 
this  country  from  Scotland,  prior  to  the  revolu- 
tionary war  and  settled  in  Delaware  county,  Pa. 
He  and  his  wife,  Jane  Oshorne,  were  the  grand- 
parents of  our  subject.  The  Sneath  family  home 
was  about  three  miles  from  Media,  Delaware 
county,  Pa.,  at  a  cross  road  village  now  called 
Brookhaven,  but  which  for  years  was  known  as 
"  Sneath 's  Corner."  Samuel  B.  Sneath  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town.  When  he  was  thirteen  years  old  his  father 
died.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  employed  in  the 
old  fanning  mill  factory  established  by  his  father, 
and  also  clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store  about  three 
years.  In  1853  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Jesse 
Shriver,  in  the  dry  goods  and  clothing  business, 
under  the  name  of  Shriver  &  Sneath,  and  the  firm 
enjoyed  a  prosperous  existence  for  about  eight 
years.  Mr.  Sneath  was  engaaged  in  the  produce 
business  for  about  thirty  years,  and  developed  a 
grain  trade  which  is  the  present  basis  of  an  im- 
portant grain  firm  in  which  his  son  is  actively  in- 
terested. During  the  last  fifty  years  of  his  life 
Mr.  Sneath  became  widely  known  as  a  banker,  rail- 
road owner  and  manufacturer.  He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  National  Exchange  Bank  of 
Tiffin  in  1865,  and  in  1876  took  an  active  part  in 
organizing  the  Commercial  Bank  of  Tiffin,  serving 
for  many  years  as  its  cashier  and  subsequently  as 
its  president;  a  few  years  prior  to  his  death  the 
last-named  bank  was  reorganized  as  a  national  bank, 
and  Mr.  Sneath  continued  as  one  of  its  directors 
until  the  close  of  his  life.  Mr.  Sneath  believed  in 
New  Orleans  and  Louisiana,  and  he  invested 
heavily  in  their  banking,  railroad  and  commercial 
ventures.  A  financier  of  great  poise  and  sound 
judgment,  his  advice  and  capital  were  substantial 
factors  in  the  growth  of  the  Interstate  Trust  & 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Banking  Co.,  one  of  the  most  extensive  institu- 
tions of  its  kind  in  the  Southern  States.  He  was 
was  also  connected  with  the  Mortgage  Securities 
Co.  of  New  Orleans.  He  foresaw  the  expansion  of 
New  Orleans  and  profited  by  helping  to  prepare 
for  larger  trade  demands.  He  was  stockholder  and 
director  in  a  score  of  corporations  and  lie  won  the 
confidence  of  his  fellows  as  few  men  ever  do.  His 
power  and  influence  as  a  business  man  were  di- 
rected also  to  the  improvement  of  his  home  town 
(Tiffin)  as  a  commercial  and  industrial  center,  and 
his  name  was  associated  with  most  of  its  large  en- 
terprises. For  several  years  he  was  connected  with 
the  great  Western  Pottery  Co.,  with  the  National 
Machinery  Co.,  and  was  one  of  the  principal  stock- 
holders in  the  Sneath  Glass  Factory,  continuing 
as  such  after  its  removal  to  Indiana.  He  was 
closely  associated  with  the  building  of  the  Tiflin, 
Fostoria  &  Eastern  Electric  Railway,  and  a  few 
years  before  his  death  acquired  the  Tiffin  City  Rail- 
way, spending  a  large  amount  of  money  in  rehabil- 
itating the  system  and  improving  its  service.  He 
was  active  also  in  the  improvement  of  Riverview 
Park,  a  property  he  had  acquired  as  part  of  the 
assets  of  the  Tiffin  Electric  Railway  &  Power  Co. 
It  was  the  large  financial  contribution  made  by  Mr. 
Sneath  which  assured  to  Tiffin  the  Webster  Manu- 
frcturing  plant,  and  he  was  instrumental  in  in- 
ducing the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railway  Co.  to  con- 
struct their  line  through  Tiffin.  Mr.  Sneath  pos- 
sessed a  summer  home  at  Port  Colburn  in  Canada 
and  nearly  all  the  winter  months  he  passed  at  New 
Orleans  during  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life. 
In  1914  he  secured  a  home  at  Pass  Christian.  Miss. 
Mr.  Sneath  was  conservative,  but  never  unprogres- 
sive.  A  practical  philanthropist,  he  gave  with 
liberality  to  homes  and  asylums  of  various  kinds 
where  he  knew  the  money  would  do  the  most  good. 
Sound  judgment,  long  experience  and  mature  wis- 
dom, made  him  an  ideal  man  for  counsel  as  well 
as  for  action.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  in  1861, 
to  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Levi  Davis  of  Tiffin,  O. ; 
there  were  two  children  of  this  marriage,  Frances, 
wife  of  C.  F.  M.  Niles,  and  Ralph  D.  Sneath;  Mrs. 
Sneath  died  in  186S,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Nov. 
5,  1S79,  to  Laura  A.,  daughter  of  William  Stephen- 
son  of  Findlay,  O.,  one  of  the  most  notable  and 
capable  women  of  northwest  Ohio;  of  this  mar- 
riage there  were  two  children:  Marian  Lee,  who 
married  Justice  Wilson,  attorney,  of  Toledo,  O., 
and  Richard  W.,  who  died  in  1894.  Samuel  B. 
Sneath  died  at  Pass  Christian,  Miss.,  Jan.  7,  1915. 
BEEMEE.  Allen  Dayton,  banker,  realty  opera- 
tor and  public  official,  was  born  near  Scrautou,  Pa., 
Dee.  19,  1843,  son  of  Elias  and  Phffibe  (Albright) 
Beemer,  and  of  Holland-German  descent.  His 
father  was  a  farmer.  Allen  D.  Beemer  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Lackawaana 
county,  and  remained  on  his  father 's  farm  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  He  then  enlisted  in 
Co.  K,  llth  regiment,  Pennsylvania  volunteer  cav- 
alry, and  in  1864  was  promoted  from  corporal  to 
sergeant.  He  participated  in  battles  at  Seven 
Pines,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Richmond  and 
Blackwater,  being  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
and  he  was  present  at  Appomattox.  Of  the  orig- 
inal 103  men  who  formed  his  company  but  a 
few  returned  alive  to  their  Pennsylvania  homes. 
After  the  war  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at 
Franklia,  Pa.,  later  entering  the  livery  business 
at  Scranton.  He  removed  to  Nebraska  in  1S68, 
settling  eventually  at  West  Point,  where  he  again 
engaged  as  hotel  proprietor,  also  dealing  in  live 
stock  and  grain.  In  18S5  he  laid  out,  on  land 
which  he  owned,  the  town  of  Rock  Creek,  after- 


wards named  Beemer  in  his  honor.  There  he  be- 
gan dealing  in  real  estate,  and  he  erected  the 
chief  buildings  in  the  town.  He  became  president 
of  the  Beemer  State  Bank,  and  was  a  dominant 
factor  in  many  other  financial  as  well  as  com- 
meivial  and  industrial  undertakings.  Active  as  a 
Republican,  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Cuming 
county,  in  18.80,  and  he  rilled  numerous  other  local 
offices.  During  1893-95  he  was  warden  of  the  Neb- 
raska State  Penitentiary,  by  appointment  of  Gov. 
C'rouse,  ami  at  a  great  saving  to  the  state  he  per- 
formed splendid  work  in  improving  conditions  at 
that  institution.  Gov.  Mickey  again  made  him 
warden  in  1903,  and  he  was  reappointed  in  1905. 
He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  of 
the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks  and 
commander  of  his  post,  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public. He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  traveling. 
He  was  one  of  the  upbuilders  of  Nebraska,  ami 
from  the  day  of  his  advent  to  the.  day  of  his  death 
his  love  and  loyalty  for  his  prairie  home  admitted 
of  no  question.  He  was  recognized  as  a  man  of 
exceptional  ability.  He  had  a  wide  knowledge  of 
business  conditions  and  his  acumen  enabled  him  to 
succeed  in  many  undertakings  where  others  failed. 
Personally,  he  was  one  of  the  most  popular  of 
men.  The  grind  of  a  varied  business  life  never 
blunted  his  kindly  instinct  or  his  finer  sensibilities. 
He  was  full  of  the  spirit  of  comradeship  and  his 
profession  of  friendship  was  always  sincere.  He 
was  married  at  Scranton,  Pa.,  Nov.  19,  1873,  to 
Belle,  daughter  of  Isaac  T.  Ackerly,  a  farmer,  of 
Scranton,  Pa. ;  she  survived  him,  with  one  child : 
Luree  Beemer,  who  married  F.  E.  Beaumont  of 
Lincoln,  Neb.  He  died  at  Lincoln,  Neb.,  Mar.  28, 
1909. 

OVEEHOLSEE,  Henry,  pioneer  and  capital- 
ist, was  born  near  Dayton,  O.,  Apr.  14,  1846.  smi 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  Overholser.  He  was  brought 
up  on  his  father's  farm,  and  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  He  was 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  Ohio,  Indiana 
and  Wisconsin.  He  went  to  Oklahoma  City,  Okla., 
on  the  opening  day,  Apr.  22,  1889,  and  until  his 
death  remained  the  chief  city  builder  and  one  of 
the  most  faithful  and  enthusiastic  advocates  of 
the  new  metropolis  of  the  Southwest.  He  took 
with  him  into  the  embryo  city  ten  car  loads  of 
lumber  and  sufficient  capital  to  establish  himself 
firmly  in  the  work  of  city  building.  Yet  of  small 
consequence  was  his  modest  fortune  in  shaping 
the  destinies  of  Oklahoma  City  compared  with  the 
influence  he  wielded  because  of  his  constructive 
genius,  his  supreme  courage  and  his  sublime  faith 
in  the  future  of  Oklahoma.  When  others  were 
driving  tent-stakes  he  was  erecting  substantial 
two-story  houses.  When  others  hail  reached  the 
wooden  stage  he  was  at  work  on  a  three-story  brick 
block.  When  the  families  of  the  pioneers  came, 
and  the  town  needed  forms  of  amusement  other 
than  faro  and  roulette,  he  built  an  opera  house 
which  for  years  remained  the  most  substantial  in 
the  new  territory.  Subsequently  he  built  the  Over- 
holser Theatre,  known  to  all  the  great  artists  who 
have  played  in  America,  the  first  hotel  (Grand 
Avenue) ,  and  helped  more  than  any  one  man  in 
building  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  His  faith 
was  contagious,  and  instead  of  an  aggregation  of 
flimsy  structures  Oklahoma  City  at  the  end  of  its 
first  summer  was,  contrary  to  the  rules  in  towu- 
KmMing,  substantially  constructed.  He  became  in- 
terested in  other  forms  of  commercial,  industrial 
and  financial  endeavor,  and  had  a  comprehensive 
idea  of  what  constituted  his  duties  as  a  citizen.  He 
organized  the  first  water  works  system  in  the  ter- 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


ritory;  he  headed  the  committee  for  procuring 
funds  to  secure  the  Choetaw  Eailroad — now  a  part 
of  the  Kock  Island  system,  and  he  played  a  lead- 
ing part  in  inducing  the  Frisco  railroad  system  to 
build  into  Oklahoma  City.  He  was  a  dominant 
factor  in  the  fights  to  locate  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment permanently  in  his  adopted  city.  One  of  his 
crowning  achievements  was  reviving  the  Oklahoma 
state  fair,  and  making  of  it  a  great  business  en- 
terprise for  the  public  benefit.  At  the  time  of 
the  financial  panic  of  1893  he  was  bondsman  for 
the  territorial  treasurer,  and  his  personal  efforts 
saved  certain  Oklahoma  City  banks  from  failure. 
In  1894,  when  he  was  elected  county  commissioner, 
county  warrants  were  selling  for  sixty  cents. 
Through  his  efforts  a  state  refunding  law  was 
passed  which  enabled  the  counties  to  issue  sale- 
able bonds  to  take  up  outstanding  warrants,  and 
the  threatened  crisis  was  averted.  He  greatly  im- 
proved the  financial  status  of  the  county  and  cut 
its  expenses  in  half.  For  six  years  he  served  as 
chairman  of  the  board  of  county  commissioners. 
Conditions  had  almost  caused  starvation  in  the 
community.  He  worked  unceasingly  to  provide 
for  the  poor  and  helpless  and  to  secure  work  for 
the  able-bodied.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Oklahoma  City  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  he  held 
membership  also  in  the  Retailers  Association,  Traf- 
fic Association,  and  the  Eighty-niners  Association 
of  Oklahoma  City,  in  practically  all  of  which  he 
was  charter  member  and  held  some  office.  He 
was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  in  politics  he  was 
a  Republican.  His  influence  in  every  walk  of  life 
in  Oklahoma  City  was  necessarily  widely  felt.  He 
was  a  man  of  extraordinary  acumen,  of  keen  and 
quick  perception,  of  indomitable  will,  of  tireless 
energy,  of  exact  method,  and  irreproachable  hon- 
esty. He,  like  many  of  the  true  western  pioneers, 
hated  sham  and  pretense,  hated  vain  show,  scorned 
the  pride  of  wealth.  No  one  could  meet  him  with- 
out having  the  highest  appreciation  for  his  sterling 
qualities  of  manhood  or  withc/ut  being  attracted 
by  his  genial  nature  which  recognized  most  heart- 
ily the  good  in  others.  He  was  married  Oct.  20, 
1889,  to  Anne  lone,  daughter  of  Samuel  Murphy, 
a  lawyer,  of  Oklahoma  City;  they  had  three  chil- 
dren: Edward,  mayor  of  Oklahoma  City;  Queen, 
wife  of  George  Pirtle,  of  Eldorado,  Kan.,  and 
Henry  lone  Overholser.  He  died  at  Oklahoma 
City,  Okla.,  Aug.  25,  1915. 

PALMEK,  Leslie  Richard,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Thompson  Ridge,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  20, 
1877,  son  of  Richard  Harold  and  Anna  C.  (Dick- 
inson) Palmer,  and  a  descendant  of  Walter  Pal- 
mer, a  native  of  England,  who  settled  at  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn.,  in  1629.  His  father  (1S49-1913)  was 
for  many  years  auditor  of  the  old  Midland  rail- 
road, and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  president 
of  the  Croton  Docks  Co.  The  -son  was  graduated 
at  Cornell  University  in  1887  with  the  degrees  of 
Ph.B.  and  LL.B.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  making  a  specialty  of  corporation 
and  real  estate  law.  He  is  president  and  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Croton,  N.  Y.,  the 
Croton  Realty  Co.,  the  Croton  Securities  Co.,  the 
Croton  Docks  Co.,  the  Croton  News  Co.,  the  West 
Side  Mortgage  Co.  of  New  York,  the  Sevenue 
Avenue  Securities  Corporation,  the  Palmer  Realty 
Co.,  the  Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third  Street  Cor- 
poration, the  Contract  and  Improvement  Co.,  the 
Lockwood  Trade  Journal  Co..  the  Tobacco  Trade 
Journal  Co..  and  the  Securities  Co.  of  Brooklyn; 
treasurer  and  director  of  the  Commonwealth  Se- 
curities Co.;  secretary  and  director  of  the  Bruns- 


wick Site  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the  Hamiltonian 
Corporation,  the  New  York  Architectural  Terra 
Cotta  Co.,  the  Northeastern  Securities  Co.  and  the 
J.  C.  Engine  Co.  In  1914  Mr.  Palmer  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board 
for  the  second  district.  He  is  a  member  of  Astor 
Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  Army  and  Navy  Club,  the 
Economic  Club,  the  Cornell  University  Club,  the 
Sleepy  Hollow  Country  Club,  the  Shattemuc  Yacht 
Club,  the  Masonic  Club,  and  the  Phi  Delta  Phi 
Club.  He  was  married  Jan.  29,  1916,  to  Edith  M., 
daughter  of  Isaac  W.  Suplee  of  Wilmington,  Del. 
OTTS,  Cornelius,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Union 
co.,  S.  C.,  June  27,  1869,  son  of  James  Dabney  and 
Ellen  (Gault)  Otts.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Phillip  Otts,  who  came  from 
Bohemia  in  1720,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Martin;  his  son  Robert;  his  son  Phillip 
and  his  wife  Mary  Guion;  to  their  son  Robert  G. 
Otts  and  his  wife  Nancy  Becknell,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Cornelius  Otts.  Robert  Otts  (III) 
established  the  family  in  South  Carolina.  Robert 
G.  Otts  (V)  was  an  educator  and  engineer.  James 
Dabney  Otts,  father  of  our  subject  and  an  educa- 
tor, left  Davidson  (N.  C.)  College  to  enter  Lee's 
army  for  the  war  between  the  states.  Cornelius 
Otts  spent  less  than  a  year  in  the  old  field  or  com- 
mon schools  of  South  Carolina,  gaining  his  subse- 
quent education  through  his  own  efforts.  He  stu- 
died law  at  Union,  S.  C.,  under  the  preceptorship 
of  William  Muuro  and  Col.  I.  G.  McKissick;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  South  Carolina  in  1897,  and 
in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Union,  forming  a  partnership  with  J.  Clough 
Wallace,  under  the  firm  style  of  Wallace  &  Otts. 
He  practice. 1  at  Gaffney,  S.  C.,  during  1909-10, 
and  since  the  latter  year  has  been  in  general  prac- 
tice at  Spartanburg,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  house  of  representatives  dur- 
ing 1894-96;  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu- 
tional convention  of  1895,  and  served  in  the  state 
senate  during  1906-09,  leading  the  fight  in  that' 
body  to  abolish  the  South  Carolina  dispensary. 
He  served  as  solicitor  of  the  7th  judicial  circuit 
of  South  Carolina  during  1909-13,  handling  sev- 
eral notable  criminal  cases  while  in  that  office.  In 
1889  he  enlisted  in  Co.  M,  1st  regiment  South  Caro- 
lina national  guard,  was  promoted  captain  of  the 
company  in  1S93,  and  during  1904-06  was  captain 
of  Co.  K,  3rd  regiment,  South  Carolina  national 
guard.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar  As- 
sociation, South  Carolina  State  Bar  Association, 
Spartanburg  County  Bar  Association,  Spartanburg 
Country  Club,  and  is  past  chancellor  commander 
of  his  lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  a  steward 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  tennis  and  automobiling,  and 
takes  much  interest  in  the  gym  work  in  the  local 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  is  a  constant  attendant  at  the 
Bible  class.  One  of  Mr.  Otts'  bitterest  disappoint- 
ments was  the  fact  that  his  plan  to  go  to  college 
was  overruled  by  family  necessity.  He  has  as- 
sisted relatives  to  attend  college,  and  takes  a  great 
interest  in  education.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
was  elected  by  the  South  Carolina  Intercollegiate 
Association  as  one  of  the  committee  judges  at 
their  annual  debates.  He  is  a  close  student  and  a 
systematic  reader.  His  private  library,  like  his 
law  library,  is  one  of  the  best  collections  of  books 
in  South  Carolina.  Aside  from  his  professional 
activities  he  has  helped  to  organize  banks,  cotton 
mills,  building  and  loan  associations,  etc.  He  is 
interested,  too,  in  farming,  but  a  desire  to  devote 
his  energies  entirely  to  the  pursuit  of  his  profes- 


Vi^  , 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


2r> 


sion  has  led  him  recently  to  refuse  candidacy  for 
political  office  or  to  accept  any  outside  business 
responsibilities.  He  was  married  at  Union,  S.  C., 
Dec.  24,  1894,  to  Sibbie,  daughter  of  William 
Spears,  deceased,  a  farmer  of  Union  county,  S.  C. 
WOODIN,  William  Hartman,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Berwick,  Pa.,  May  27,  1868,  sou  of 
Clemuel  Ricketts  and  Mary  (Dickerman)  Woodin, 
and  grandson  of  William  Hartmau  and  Elizabeth 
(Foster)  Woodin.  His  grandfather  established 
a  foundry  at  Foundryville,  Pa.,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  pig  iron,  stoves  and  plows;  he  was  as- 
sociated with  Mordecai  W.  .Jackson,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Jackson  &  Woodin,  which  became 
the  Jackson  &  Woodin  Manufacturing  Co.  in  1872, 
when  the  sons  of  the  founders,  Clarence  G.  Jack- 
son and  Clemuel  R.  Woodin,  assumed  control. 
William  Hartman  Woodin  was  educated  at  the 
New  York  Latin  School  and  the  Woodbridge  School 
in  New  York  city,  and  in  the  School  of  Mines  of 
Columbia  College.  Returning  to  Berwick,  he  en- 
tered the  plant  of  the  Jackson  &  Woodin  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  with  the  practical  operation  of 
which  he  became  thoroughly  familiar.  During 
1892— 95  he  served  as  general  superintendent  of 
the  company,  was  vice-president  in  1895—99,  and 
in  the  latter  year  was  chosen  president.  When  the 
American  Car  &  Foundry  Co.  purrhasi'd  the  plant 
of  the  Jackson  &  Woodin  Manufacturing  Co.  in 
1S99,  Mr.  Woodin  became  district  manager  in 
charge  of  the  Berwick  plant.  He  was  successively 
elected  vice-president ;  assistant  to  the  presi 
dent,  and  a  director  of  the  company  until 
February,  1916,  when  he  was  elected  president  OT 
the  death  of  Frederick  H.  Eaton.  The  American 
Car  &  Foundry  Co.  was  organized  in  1899  by 
Charles  L.  Freer,  William  K.  Bixby  and  Frederick 
H.  Eaton,  with  William  K.  Bixby  as  the  first 
president.  It  was  originally  made  up  of  the  fol- 
lowing companies:  Buffalo  Car  Manufacturing  Co. 
of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Ensign  Manufacturing  Co.  of 
Huntington,  W.  Va. ;  Jackson  &  Woodin  Manu- 
facturing Co.  of  Berwick,  Pa.;  Michigan-Peninsu- 
lar Co.  of  Detroit,  Mich.;  Missouri  Car  &  Foun- 
dry Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Murray,  Dougal  &  Co. 
of  Milton,  Pa. ;  Niagara  Car  Wheel  Co.  of  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. ;  Ohio  Falls  Car  Manufacturing  Co.  of  Jrf- 
fersonville,  Ind.;  Pennock  Bros,  (dismantled)  of 
Minerva,  0.:  St.  Charles  Car  Co.  of  St.  Charles, 
Mo.;  Terre  Haute  Car  &  Manufacturing  Co.  of 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.;  the  Wells  &  French  Co.  of 
Chicago,  111.,  and  the  Union  Car  Co.  of  Depew, 
N.  Y.  Since  its  incorporation  in  1899  it  has  taken 
over  the  Bloomsburg  Car  Manufacturing  Co.  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  Common-Sense  B.olster  Co.  of 
Chicago,  the  Indianapolis  Car  Co.,  the  Jackson 
&  Sharpe  Co.  of  Wilmington,  and  the  Southern 
Car  &  Foundry  Co.  of  Memphis,  and  in  1913  it 
purchased  property  at  Gary,  Iml.,  on  which  to 
build  another  plant  with  a  daily  capacity  of  about 
100  steel  cars.  Besides  manufacturing  all  kinds 
of  freight  and  passenger  cars,  it  has  factories  for 
making  car  wheels  and  water  and  gas  pipes,  several 
rolling-mills  and  forges,  a  malleable  iron  foundry, 
a  brass  foundry,  two  sawmills  and  an  architectural 
wood-working  mill.  Its  combined  factories  and 
store  yards  cover  over  530  acres,  and  when  run- 
ning to  capacity  it  employs  over  £~>,000  men, 
capable  of  producing  annually  125,000  freight 
cars,  1,500  passenger  cars,  350,000  tons  of  wheels, 
:tOO,000  tons  of  forgings,  150,000  tons  of  castings, 
:iOO,000  tons  of  bar  iron,  30,000  tons  of  east  iron 
pipe,  75,000  tons  of  bolts  and  nuts,  and  30,000,000 
feet  of  lumber.  Mr.  Woodin  is  also  vice-president 
and  director  of  the  Hoyt  &  Woodin  Manufacturing 


Co.,  and  a  director  of  the  Good  Land  Cypress  Co., 
the  Coal  &  Iron  National  Bank  and  the  Seaboard 
National  Bank.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Political  Science, 
the  Pennsylvania  Society,  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars,  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  American 
Numismatic  Society,  Alliance  Francaise,  and  Alpha 
Delta  Phi  College  fraternity.  He  is  also  a  trustee 
of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church,  New 
York  city;  advisory  member  of  the  Industrial 
Committee  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  a  member  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  His  clubs  are:  Rail- 
road, Engineers,  Metropolitan,  Union  League. 
Racquet  and  Tennis,  Richmond  County  Country, 
and  Oakland  Golf.  In  addition  to  the  numerous 
important  interests  which  engage  his  attention,  he 
not  only  has  an  international  reputation  as  an  au- 
thority on.  matters  relating  to  numismatics,  but  is 
likewise  the  owner  of  the  finest  collection  of  pat- 
tern, coins  in  the  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 
Me  was  married,  Oct.  8,  1899,  to  Annie,  daughter 
of  Judge  William  H.  Jessup,  of  Montrose,  P^.,  and 
their  children  are:  Mary  Louise,  Anne  Jessup, 
William  Hartman,  Jr.,  and  Elizabeth  Foster 
Woodin. 

BELLOWS,  Francis  Leroy,  insurance  official, 
was  born  in  Akron,  0.,  Dec.  24,  1859,  son  of 
John  Henry  and  Lydia  (Myers)  Bellows,  grand- 
son of  Ithamar  and  Laura  (Hayes)  Bellows,  and 
a  descendant  of  John  Bellows,  who  sailed  from 
London,  Eng.,  in  April,  1635,  and  settled  in  Wai- 
pole,  Vt.,  being  the  only  one  of  this  name  to  land 
in  America.  After  completing  a  public  school 
education  in  Akron,  he  entered  the  pioneer  rubbiT 
firm  of  B.  F.  Goodrich  &  Co.,  in  1878,  which  has 
now  become  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
In  1887,  he  left,  his  native  town  and  went  to  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
C.  V.  Kellogg,  under  the  name  of  the  Mackay 
Automatic  Fire-Extinguisher  Co.  In  1890,  while 
on  business  for  this  firm,  Mr.  Bellows  accepted  a 
position  with  the  New  England  Factory  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  Co.,  as  western  representative, 
with  headquarters  in  Chicago.  He  removed  to  that 
city  and  remained  in  this  connection  until  1902, 
when  he  became  manager  of  the  fire-extinguisher 
department  of  the  Kellogg-Mackay  Co.  He  was 
recognized  as  the  most  efficient  man  in  the  tire 
extinguisher  and  sprinkler  business  in  the  coun- 
try. He  invented  a  number  of  valves  and  fire- 
extinguishers  which  are  now  in  use,  being  found 
eminently  satisfactory.  Personally,  Mr.  Bellows 
was  genial  and  socially  inclined.  Unselfishness 
was  the  keynote  of  his  character,  and  he  was  ac- 
tive in  promotion  of  all  movements  for  the  public 
welfare.  Brought  up  a  Methodist,  in  his  later 
years  he  was  actively  associated  with  the  Epis- 
copal church.  He  was  a  lover  of  horses,  and  kept 
a  number  of  fine  animals  for  his  own  use.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Geographical  So- 
ciety; the  Builders',  Illinois  Athletic,  and  Manu- 
facturers' clubs;  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  mem- 
bers of  the  Chicago  Athletic  Club.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  a  Knight 
Templar,  Shriner,  and  32nd  degree  Mason.  He 
was  married,  Jan.  13,  1886,  to  Hattie,  daughter 
of  Jacob  Chisnell,  of  Akron,  O.,  an  early  settler 
of  that  state.  From  this  union  were  born  two 
children:  Francis  Leroy,  Jr.,  and  Dorothy  Marie 
Bellows.  In  September,  1912,  Mr.  Bellows  was 
attacked  by  footpads  while  on  his  way  home,  and, 
from  injuries  received  at  that  time,  died,  June  29, 
1913. 

ROSS,  Walter  Willard,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Pulaski,  111.,  Mar.  29,  1866,  son  of  Edward  T.  and 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


\l:iry  Ellen  (Wall)  Ross,  grandson  of  Thomas 
Leonard  and  Sallie  (Tuthill)  Ross,  and  a  descen- 
dant of  Thomas  Ross,  who  settled  at  Sterling, 
Mass.,  about  1700.  His  father,  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, was  a  lumber  manufacturer.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Princeton  College  in  1888,  receiving  the 
degree  A.M.  in  1891.  He  studied  law  at  the 
Union  Law  School  of  Northwestern  University  and 
the  Harvard  Law  School.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Illinois  in  1890  and  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Chicago.  In  1893  he  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  corporation  counsel  of  Chicago, 
and  during  1894-99  was  trial  attorney  for  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway  Co.  During 
1899-1901  he  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Wall  &  Ross,  with  his  uncle,  Judge  George  W. 
Wall,  and  during  1901-05  he  was  general  attorney 
for  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road  Co.,  with  headquarters  in  New  York  city. 
Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in  general  prac- 
tice in  Chicago.  He  is  aiuthor  of  "Ideas  for 
Boys"  (1915).  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bob-o- 
Link  Golf  Club,  and  member  also  of  Univrr-i'x 
Club,  Chicago;  Evanston  Golf  and  Evanstou 
Country  clubs,  Evanston,  111.;  the  American  Bar 
Association,  Illinois  State  Bar  Association,  and 
Chicago  Bar  Association.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  golf,  and  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  During  the  Great  War  he 
delivered  one  hundred  and  seventy  speeches  for 
the  government.  He  was  married  in  Chicago,  111., 
May  14,  1891,  to  Jane  Rose,  daughter  of  Miner 
T.  Ames,  a  coal  operator  of  Chicago,  and  has 
three  children:  Ames  Wolcott,  who  served  nearly 
two  years  in  France  with  the  17th  Regiment  En- 
gineers of  Railways,  W.  Willard,  and  Robert  Wall 
Ross. 

LOOS,  Charles  Louis,  educator,  was  born  at 
Wellsburgh,  Va.,  (now  W.  Va.),  Aug.  5,  1849,  son 
of  Chas.  Louis  and  Rosetta  E.  (Kerr)  Loos.  He 
received  his  preliminary  education  from  private 
tutors,  and  was  graduated  at  Bethany  (W.  Va.) 
College,  receiving  his  A.B.  in  1870  and  his  A.M. 
in  1872.  After  six  months  of  teaching  near  Mi- 
nerva, O.,  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  schools 
at  Millersburg,  O.,  a  post  he  held  for  four  years. 
During  1874-87  he  was  principal  of  the  1st  district 
M-lu.ol,  Dayton,  O.,  teaching  Latin  and  English  in 
t  .  utral  High  school  until  1SOO,  when  he  became 
principal  of  Steele  High  school.  He  retired  from 
active  service  in  1914,  but  still  remained  on  the 
faculty  of  this  school.  For  three  years  he  served 
on  the  Ohio  state  board  of  school  examiners,  and 
for  four  terms  on  the  Dayton  City  board  of  school 
examiners.  A  cultivated  Christian  gentleman,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  official  board  and  one  of  the 
most  prominent  laymen  of  Central  Church  of 
Christ,  Dayton.  He  was  broadminded  and  tolerant, 
a  close  student  of  the  opportunities  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  striving  to  raise  the  standard  of  schools, 
as  public  institutions,  he  grew  steadily  in  popular- 
ity and  in  the  confidence  of  school  patrons,  dur- 
ing his  long  period  in  Dayton.  He  was  married 
at  Millersburg,  0.,  Dec.  24,  1-74,  to  Mary  L., 
daughter  of  Louis  Mavers,  a  merchant  of  Millers- 
burg^ and  had  two  children:  Charles  L.,  Jr.,  an 
auto  salesman  of  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. ;  and 
Louise,  wife  of  Harry  Wood  Kissinger,  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.  He  died  at  Dayton,  O.,  Oct.  8, 
1!U7. 

BRUNER,  Roland  Edward,  mining  operator. 
was  born  at  Mountoursville,  Pa.,  Aug.  12,  1860, 
son  of  John  and  Margaret  A.  (Bastiau)  Bruner. 
He  received  a  public  school  education  in  Franklin 
county,  Kan.,  and  after  herding  cattle  on  the  plains. 


he  served  five  years  as  a  clerk  in  a  country  store, 
afterward  securing  work  with  the  Fort  Scott  & 
Gulf  Railroad  Co.  Later  he  became  a  salesman 
for  an  eastern  firm,  subsequently  serving  as  man- 
ager of  Phillips  Bros.,  wholesalers  of  Seattle, 
Wash.,  and  later  still  as  .auctioneer  of  the  Kansas 
City  Fruit  Auction  &  Cold  Storage  Co.  For 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  active  in 
the  miner 's  life,  from  that  of  prospector  to  presi- 
dent. In  the  Kansas  City-Nevada  Consolidated 
Co.  he  lias  brought  under  a  single  management  a 
notable  group  of  mines.  He  is  president  of  Ana- 
conda-Arizona Mining  Co.,  the  R.  E.  Bruner  Cop- 
per Co.,  the  Missouri  Lithograph  Marble  and 
Mining  Co.,  and  is  secretary  of  the  Big  Niangua 
Development  and  Realty  Co.  He  is  widely  known 
as  a  mining  engineer,  and  in  scientific  circles,  as 
a  geologist.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  col- 
lecting fine  specimens,  and  his  collection  of  mine- 
rals, one  of  the  finest  in  the  country,  includes  tur- 
quoise, opals,  garnets,  rubies,  pearls,  amethysts, 
coral  and  diamond  rock,  pitch  blend  and  quartz 
crystal.  A  man  of  immense  energy,  of  unconquer- 
able will  and  tireless  industry,  he  is  also  optimis- 
tic and  sympathetic.  With  patience  ami  fortitude 
he  has  borne  the  burdens  of  others.  He  was 
married  May  31,  1883,  to  Hannah  M.  McLain  of 
\\Yllsville,  Kan.;  they  have  five  children:  Rea 
M.;  Carey;  Glen  L. ;  Roland  E.,  Jr.;  and  Han- 
nah M. 

AMOS,  Isaiah  H.,  merchant  and  prohibitionist, 
was  born  at  Mt.  Savage,  Mil.,  June  8,  1844,  son 
of  William  and  Rachel  (Whitehouse)  Amos,  who 
were  natives  of  Staffordshire,  England.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Warren,  O.,  and  at  an 
early  age  learned  the  nailer's  trade  in  the  rolling 
mills  at  Niles,  O.  While  living  in  Cleveland,  O., 
he  entered  the  employ  of  the  hardware  house  of 
Lockwood,  Van  Dorn  &  Taylor,  of  which  firm  he 
afterward  became  a  member.  In  18X7,  he  accepted 
a  position  with  a  wholesale  hardware  firm  in  Port- 
land, Ore.  From  1893  until  his  death,  he  was  the 
representative  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  some  of  the 
largest  manufacturers  in  metal  lines  in  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Amos  was  a  man  of  wide  and  varied 
interests.  He  was  for  many  years  superintendent 
of  All  Saints'  Episcopal  Sunday  school  in  Cleve- 
land, and  later  of  Trinity  Episcopal  Sunday 
school  in  Portland,  serving  as  vestryman  in  both 
of  these  churches.  He  was  a  prominent  worker 
in  the  International  Sunday  school  association; 
was  for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  board 
of  the  Portland  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  chairman  of  its 
finance  committee.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Oregon  Civic 
Leagme.  One  of  his  notable  enterprises  was  the 
organizing  of  a  World's  Temperance  Congress  in 
connection  with  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Fair  in  1905. 
Although  sometimes  regarded  as  an  extremist  in 
his  Prohibition  party  views,  he  possessed  the  hap- 
py faculty  of  being  able  to  bring  about  the  co- 
operation of  other  organizations  in  non-partisan 
campaigns.  His  infectious  optimism, "his  unfailing 
energy,  his  inspiring  presence,  anil  his  constant 
reliance  upon  divine  guidance  combined  to  make 
him  a  recognized  leader  in  the  cause  of  temper- 
ance. He  never  lost  the  supreme  vision  of  his 
life — the  ultimate  triumph  of  Prohibition.  He 
joined  the  Prohibition  party  in  the  year  of  its  or- 
ganization, and  for  a  period  of  forty-five  years 
was  unswervingly  loyal  to  its  principles  and  in- 
defatigable in  its  service.  He  acted  for  years  as 
secretary  of  the  Cuyahoga  county,  Ohio,  central 
committee.  In  1896-1908,  he  was  state  chairman 
of  his  party  in  Oregon;  from  1888  until  his  death, 


FRANCIS  L.  BELLOWS 
INSURANCE  OFFICER 


WALTER  W.  ROSS 
LAWYER 


CHARLES  L.  LOOS 
EDUCATOR 


ROLAND  E.  BRUNER 
MINE  OPERATOR 


ISAIAH  H.  AMOS 
MERCHANT 


FRANCIS  E.  SCOTT 
LUMBERMAN 


ALEXANDER  TROUP 
JOURNALIST 


MAX  KRAMM 
MUSICIAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


27 


he  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon  state  executive 
committee,  and  was  for  many  years  associated 
with  the  national  committee.  He  was  one  of  a 
group  of  four  party  Prohibitionists  who  launched 
the  local  option  law  which  carrie:!  Oregon  in  11104, 
and  he  was  untiringly  active  in  the  campaign  of 
1014  for  the  first  "dry"  law.  Mr.  Amos  was 
married  April  15,  1S6S,  to  Lilian  Jane,  daughter 
of  John  Sadler,  pioneer  of  Cleveland,  and  had 
three  children:  William  Frederick,  a  physician; 
Lilian  Edna,  and  Grace  Mildred  Amos.  He  died 
in  Portland,  Ore.  Pec.  24,  1915. 

SCOTT,  Francis  Eugene,  lumberman,  was 
born  in  Lincoln  county.  Me.,  Dec.  13,  1848,  son 
of  John  C.  and  Mary  (Stanwood)  Scott,  of  New 
England  colonial  ancestry  and  of  Scotch  descent. 
He  was  educated  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools 
of  Maine  ami  Minnesota.  He  gained  his  experi- 
ence in  lumbering  operations  under  the  direction 
of  his  father,  who  was  a  pioneer  in  the  trade  in 
the  upper  Mississippi  valley.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen the  son  began  independent  logging  and  tim- 
ber operations,  with  headquarters  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  where  lie  remained  until  1889.  He  then  re- 
moved to  the  Pacific  northwest,  locating  at  Seat- 
tle, Wash.  The  great  demand  for  lumber  after 
the  city's  destruction  by  fire,  led  him  to  embark 
in  extensive  cutting  and  milling  operations  on 
Lake  Washington,  with  headquarters  at  Columbia 
City,  and  he  became  a  dominant  factor  in  the  re- 
building of  Seattle.  He  continued  in  the  lumber 
business  until  his  death  and  was  rated  as  an  au- 
thority on  the  timber  resources  of  the  country  and 
the  value  of  such  properties  in  the  Pacific  north- 
west. He  had  holdings  in  several  states  and  in 
British  Columbia.  In  politics  he  was  a  Repub- 
lican. Associated  from  his  youth  with  the  lead- 
ing men  in  the  lumber  industry,  his  innate  abilities 
made  him  a  prominent  figure  in  the  trade  in  the 
northwestern  country.  lie  was  married  at  Mon- 
tecello,  Minn.,  Oct.  18,  1870,  to  Clara,  daughter  of 
Philip  Boyden,  a  lumberman,  of  Roddenstonn,  Me., 
and  left  one  child,  Minnie,  widow  of  Harry  Jones, 
of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  He  died  in  Seattle,  Wash., 
May  23,  1917. 

TKOUP,  Alexander,  journalist,  was  born  at 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  Mai'.  31,  _1840,  son  of  Alex- 
ander and  Elizabeth  (Nevers)  Troup.  His  family 
came  from  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  previous  to  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  settled  in  the  state  of 
Maine,  but  removed  to  Halifax  after  the  outbreak 
of  the  war.  Mr.  Troup 's  grandfather  was  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  army  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  and 
was  wounded  at  Waterloo.  It  was  Mr.  Troup  's  in- 
tention when  a  boy  to  enter  the  British  navy,  and 
his  parents  desired  him  to  enter  the  army,  but 
after  completing  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
Halifax,  ami  having  been  prepared  to  enter  Dal- 
housie  College,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  "Hali- 
fax Record."  In  l*5(i  he  went  to  Boston  where 
he  worked  for  several  years  on  various  newspapers 
and  came  into  close  touch  with  William  Lloyd  Gar- 
rison, Wendell  Phillips.  John  Boyle  O'Reilly, 
Charles  Halpine,  and  other  prominent  men  of  that 
time,  whose  peisonalit  ie-  exercised  over  him  a  co- 
gent influence.  In  Boston  he  founded  a  paper 
called  ' '  The  Voice, ' '  the  first  paper  in  that  city  to 
be  devoted  to  the  cause  of  labor.  Later  he  went  to 
\ew  York,  where  he  was  associated  with  Horace 
Greeley  on  the  New  York  "Tribune."  In  1871  he 
settled  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  founded  the 
' '  New  Haven  Union. ' '  At  first  the  paper  was  issued 
v.cekly,  but  later  it  became  a  daily.  As  editor, 
manager  and  owner  of  the  "New  Haven  Union" 
Alexander  Troup  was  a  potent  influence  in  Demo- 


cratic politics  in  New  Haven  and  Connecticut,  and 
filled  many  public  offices  with  ability  and  success. 
He  was  tax  commissioner  of  New  Haven  in  1880, 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  during  1SX3-85, 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island  during  1S85-99,  under  Pres.  Cleve- 
land, and  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  state 
committee  during  1890-9S  and  Connecticut  member 
of  the  national  Democratic  committee  during 
1896-1900.  In  1899  he  was  appointed  director  of 
public  works  in  New  Haven,  but  resigned  in  the 
following  year.  He  was  a  close  political  and  per- 
sonal friend  of  William  Jennings  Bryan,  who  held 
him  in  very  high  esteem.  Mr.  Troup  was  married 
June  12,  1X74,  to  Augusta  Lewis,  a  newspaper  and 
magazine  writer  in  New  York,  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  International  Typographical  Union  and 
the  first  woman  member  of  the  Typographical 
Union,  No.  6  ('Big  Six),  of  New  York,  a  suf- 
fragist, a  friend  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  and  a 
contributor  to  her  paper,  "The  Revolution." 
There  are  seven  children:  Alexander,  Philip,  Grace, 
Augusta,  Jessie,  Elizabeth,  George  and  Elsie  Troup. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Sept.  4,  1908. 

KEAMM,  Max,  concert  pianist  and  musical 
educator,  was  born  at  Soldin,  near  Weimar,  Ger- 
many, Apr.  1,  Is74,  son  of  Carl  and  Louise 
(Schultz)  Kramm.  He  graduated  from  the  An- 
dreas Real  Gymnasium ;  studied  piano  with  Kul- 
lak,  and  counterpoint  and  composition  with  Becker 
and  Urban.  His  musical  career  began  at  a  very 
early  age,  for  as  a  child  he  lived  in  the  same 
musical  atmosphere  and  environment  as  Liszt,  and 
his  mother,  a  favorite  of  Liszt,  gave  her  son  the 
benefit  of  the  master's  principles  and  methods, 
she  herself  being  a  finished  musician.  Kullak,  de- 
lighted, declared  him  the  best  of  his  pupils,  and 
at  fourteen  he  made  a  number  of  concert  tours, 
playing  in  the  larger  musical  centers  of  Europe 
with  brilliant  success.  At  this  period  the  Frank- 
fort "Zeitung"  declared  he  "captivated  his  audi- 
auce  alike  by  his  extraordinary  ability  and  by  his 
great  memory,  which  never  failed  him  in  the  "diffi- 
cult and  long  selections  he  played,  including  Tau- 
sing's  'Invitation  to  the  Dance';  Liszt's  'Don 
Juan  Fantasie, '  and  Schumann's  'Etudes  Sym- 
phoniques, '  etc.,  with  great  intelligence,  phrasing 
artistically,  with  wonderful  technique,"  while  the 
Berlin  "  Tageblatt "  said  his  selections  "were 
loudly  applauded  by  the  large  critical  audience 
present, ' '  when  he  played  also  the  music  of 
Chopin  and  Rubinstein.  He  came  to  America  for 
a  tour  in  1894,  and  the  following  year  became 
director  of  the  piano  department  of  the  Chicago 
College  of  Music.  During  1895-96  he  traveled 
to  the  coast  with  Mme.  Guthrie-Moyer,  the  opera 
singer.  He  has  since  devoted  much  of  his  time  to 
teaching,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best 
teachers  of  piano  in  America.  Since  191o  he  has 
been  vice-president  and  director  of  the  piano  de- 
partment, Metropolitan  Conservatory  of  Music, 
Chicago,  and  he  is  dean  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Music,  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  American  Musicians,  and  of  the  Palette  and 
Chisel,  Chicago  Athletic,  Woodlawn  Park,  Olympia 
Fields  Country,  and  Kenwood  Lodge  clubs.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf  and  billiards,  and 
in  collecting  pictures.  He  has  one  of  the  best 
collections  of  paintings  in  "The  Loop,"  and  he 
personally  has  been  painted  ami  sculptured  per- 
haps more  often  than  any  other  man  in  Chicago, 
among  others  by  U'.iltn  Dean  Goldbeck  and  Mario 
Korbel.  His  pupils  who  ha\o  made  public  appear- 
ance, among  them  Jessig  Comlossy,  have  been  re- 
cipients of  the  most  remarkable  press  notices. 


28 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


In  November,  1919,  he  was  engaged  as  one  of  the 
principals  of  the  Chicago  Musical  College.  His 
musical  career  has  challenged  the  utmost  respect 
and.  admiration  of  the  musical  fraternity,  as 
well  as  an  unusually  large  measure  of  public 
approbation.  Gifted  by  nature  with  hands  and 
fingers  peculiarly  adapted  to  Kullak's  octave 
method,  the  master  took  an  especial  interest  in 
making  him  efficient.  His  fine  musical  tempera- 
ment, combined  with  an  open,  frank  and  generous 
personality,  has  won  for  him  many  friends,  and 
his  appearances  upon  the  concert  stage  are  re- 
garded as  musical  occasions.  He  was  married  Dec. 
25,  1918,  to  Ethie,  daughter  of  Charles  C.  Lewis, 
of  Monroe  (  'ity,  Mo. 

HAVEMEYER,  William  Frederick,  manu- 
facturer and  mayor  of  New  York,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Feb.  12,  1804,  eldest  son  of  William 
and  Susannah  Havemeyer.  His  father,  a  native 
of  Biickeburg,  Schaumburg-Lippe,  Germany,  was 
left  an  orphan  in  childhood,  and  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  went  to  London,  England,  where  he  learned 
the  trade  of  sugar  refining,  becoming  in  time  su- 
perintendent of  the  refinery.  He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1799  under  a  contract  with  Ed- 
mund Seaman  &  Co.  to  take  charge  of  their  sugar 
house  on  Pine  street,  New  York.  After  completing 
his  contract  in  1807,  he  established  a  business  of 
his  own,  conducting  one  of  the  first  sugar  refineries 
in  New  York  city,  on  Vandam  street.  In  the  same 
year  Ii3  took  out  his  naturalization  papers.  The  sou 
was  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1823  with 
highest  honors.  His  first  experience  was  in  his 
father  's  sugar  refinery,  where  he  obtained  a  thor- 
ough business  training.  In  1828  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  his  cousin,  Frederick  Christian  Have- 
meyer, under  the  firm  name  of  W.  F.  &  F.  C.  Have- 
meyer, but  sold  his  interest  to  his  brother,  Albert, 
in  1S42,  and  thenceforth  devoted  his  energies  to 
the  political  welfare  of  his  native  city.  An  en- 
thusiastic supporter  of  Andrew  Jackson,  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Democratic  state  convention  in 
1844,  being  chosen  presidential  elector.  As  a 
member  of  the  general  committee  of  Tammany 
Hall,  he  showed  such  marked  business  ability 
that  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  finance 
committee,  a  position  which  won  for  him 
many  friends  in  the  Democratic  party.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  New  York  in  1845.  At  that 
time  the  population  was  only  about  400,000;  the 
annual  expenditure  $4,000,000;  the  department  of 
charities  and  correction  was  governed  by  a  single 
officer,  and  policemen  were  appointed,  controlled 
and  dismissed  by  the  mayor.  Mayor  Havemeyer 
took  a  special  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  police 
department,  proposing  to  the  common  council  an 
ordinance  providing  for  a  municipal  police  fun-e, 
and  personally  presiding  at  the  trials  of  police- 
men, himself  conducting  the  examination  according 
to  the  rules  of  a  regular  trial  court.  At  that  time 
there  was  no  supervision  of  immigration  and  his 
first  term  marked  the  beginning  of  legislation  in 
behalf  of  immigrants.  On  his  advice  the  state 
legislature  passed  an  act  creating  the  Commission- 
ers of  Emigration,  of  which  Mr.  Havemeyer  was 
the  first  president,  and  in  association  with  David 
Golden,  Julian  C.  Yerplauck.  Robert  K.  Minturn  and 
John  Dillon,  he  initiated  the  movement  which  re- 
sulted in  the  establishment  of  the  institution  for 
immigrants  on  Ward's  Inland,  New  York  harbor. 
He  was  re-elected  mayor  in  184S,  declined  a  third 
nomination  in  1849,  and  again  ran  for  the  office  in 
1859,  but  was  defeated  by  Fernando  Wood.  He 
was  president  of  the  Bank  of  North  America  dur- 
ing 1851-61,  president  of  the  New  York  Savings 


Bank  from  1857  to  1861,  taking  the  latter  posi- 
tion when  the  institution  was  in  great  danger  of 
suspension  and  leaving  it  after  it  was  placed  upon 
a  secure  foundation.  For  several  years  he  was 
vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Co.  and 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  Co.  During  the  civil 
war  he  energetically  supported  the  Federal  govern- 
ment. He  was  moved  to  re-enter  New  York  politics 
by  the  plundering  of  the  city's  finances  by  William 
M.  Tweed  and  his  followers.  The  methods  of  the 
Tweed  ring  were  so  ingenious  and  the  scheme  so 
carefully  masked  that  eminent  financiers  were  de- 
ceived as  to  the  real  condition  of  affairs,  but  Mr. 
Havemeyer 's  keen  powers  of  observation  and  his 
large  experience  in  municipal  administration  led 
him  to  believe  that  wrongs  were  being  perpetrated, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1870  he  united  with  a  num- 
ber of  patriotic  citizens  in  organizing  the  New 
York  City  Council  of  Reform,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  president,  and  which  soon  afterwards  created 
the  famous  committee  of  seventy.  He  was  directly 
instrumental  in  getting  access  to  the  comptroller's 
books  and  the  records  of  the  Broadway  Bank, 
which  made  possible  the  legal  proof  of  the 
enormous  thefts  that  were  subsequently  proved 
against  Tweed.  So  great  was  his  popularity  that 
he  was  again  nominated  for  mayor  and  elected  in 
1871,  but  died  before  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
being  the  first  mayor  of  New  York  to  die  in  of- 
fice. Mr.  Havemeyer  was  a  man  of  great  shrewd- 
ness, of  resolute  character  and  of  unswerving 
honesty.  He  was  married  at  Craigville,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  15,  1828,  to  Sarah  Agnes,  daughter  of  Hector 
Craig,  a  representative  in  congress  from  New  York, 
and  had  ten  children:  William,  who  died  in  1834; 
William  A.,  who  died  in  1840;  Sarah  C.,  who  mar- 
ried Hector  Armstrong;  Laura  A.,  who  married 
Isaac  W.  Maclay;  John  Craig,  Henry,  Hector 
Craig,  James,  Charles  and  William  F.  Havemeyer, 
Jr.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  30,  1874. 

HAVEMEYER,  John  Craig,  merchant  and 
sugar  refiner,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  May  31, 
1833,  son  of  William  Frederick  and  Sarah  Agnes 
(Craig)  Havemeyer,  and  grandson  of  William 
Havemeyer,  who  came  from  Buckeburg,  Germany, 
and  settled  in  New  York  in  1799.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  private  schools  and  was  prepared  for  col- 
lege at  the  Columbia  college  grammar-school.  Ow- 
ing to  failing  eyesight  he  was  unable  to  complete 
tiie  course  at  New  York  University,  and,  leaving 
college,  he  began  his  business  career  in  a  whole- 
sale grocery  store  of  his  uncle.  In  1854,  after  a 
year's  travel  in  Europe,  Syria  and  Egypt,  he 
assumed  the  responsibility  of  the  office  work  at 
the  sugar  refinery  of  Havemeyer  &  Moller.  Two 
years  later  he  left  this  firm  to  establish  a  sugar 
refinery  in  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  and  commence  busi- 
ness for  himself  in  partnership  with  Charles  E. 
Bertrand,  under  the  firm  name  of  Havemeyer  i 
Bertram!.  This  concern  afterward  developed  into 
the  great  sugar  refining  firm  of  Havemeycr  & 
Elder.  The  capital  was  turnished  by  his  father; 
but  chafing  under  the  anxiety  caused  by  the  use 
of  borrowed  money  in  a  business  not  wholly  con- 
trolled by  himself,  he  sold  out  his  interest  and 
returned  to  the  employ  of  Havemeyer  \-  Moller. 
This  firm  being  dissolved  within  a  year,  Mr.  Have- 
meyer refused  the  offer  of  partnership  made  by 
their  successors  on  account  of  his  resolution  not 
to  use  borrowed  capital,  but  remained  in  the  busi- 
ness two  years,  receiving  a  share  of  the  profits  as 
compensation.  In  1860  he  organized  a  commis- 
sion business,  which  he  alone,  or  in  company  with 
his  brothers,  carried  on  successfully  for  some  years, 
until  compelled  by  failing  health  to  retire.  Their 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


29 


commission  business  was  largely  in  rice ;  later 
many  other  articles  were  handled;  and  journeys 
East,  West  and  South  were  necessary.  In  1871 
he  again  engaged  in  the  sugar  refining  business  at 
Greenpoint,  L.  1.,  with  his  brother  and  another 
partner,  under  the  name  of  Havemeyer  Bros.  &  Co., 
taking  charge  of  the  financial  and  commercial  de- 
partment, and  continued  until  1880,  when  im- 
paired health  again  obliged  him  to  retire,  and  from 
that  time  on  he  has  had  no  connection  with  the 
sugar  business.  Thereafter  Mr.  Havemeyer '  con- 
fined himself  to  dealings  in  real  estate  in  Colorado, 
Kansas,  Nebraska,  Oklahoma,  Mississippi  and  New 
York.  During  the  '70s  he  was  president  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Long  Island;  in  1893  he  was 
associated  as  bondholder  with  the  Darien  Short 
Line  Railroad ;  in  1000  he  was  identified  with  the 
reorganization  of  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis,  &  Kansas 
City  Railroad  Co. ;  and  he  was  also  for  some  time 
a  trustee  of  the  Continental  Trust  Co.  of  New 
York.  Throughout  the  greater  part  of  his  life  he 
has  been  interested  in  various  benevolent  societies, 
including  the  New  York  port  society,  Missionary 
society  of  the  M.  E.  church,  American  Bible  society, 
New  York  Sabbath  committee,  Bible  revision  com- 
mittee, and  United  States  evangelical  alliance.  He 
has  been  active  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work,  having  or- 
ganized and  was  first  president  of  the  association 
in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  He  has  successfully  managed 
several  large  estates  of  which  he  has  been  executor 
and  trustee.  An  easy  and  fluent  writer,  he  has 
frequently  contributed  to  the  press  on  political, 
religious  and  general  subjects  and  is  the  author  of 
the  following  monographs:  "The  Relation  of  the 
United  States  to  Armenia";  "Why  I  Vote  for 
Hancock";  "Study  of  Labor  Unions";  "Patriot- 
ism"; "Shall  We  Prepare  for  War  in  Times  of 
Peace?";  "The  Needs  of  the  Church  from  a  Lay- 
man's Standpoint";  "What  Is  Love  of  Country?" 
"Great  Armaments  and  Peace";  "Ministers  and 
Laymen";  " Purpose  and  Proper  Observance  of 
the  Lord's  Supper";  "Study  of  the  Apostle's 
Creed";  "Religious  Truth  Is  Substance  and  Not 
Shadow";  "Letter  to  President  Woodrow  Wilson 
Concerning  a  Just  Settlement  of  Questions  Con- 
cerning Mexico  and  Other  Countries";  "Obedience 
to  God  a  Great  Privilege  and  the  Only  Road  to 
Success";  "Logic  of  Sabbath  Observance";  Na- 
ture and  Obligation  of  the  Sabbath";  "New  Testa- 
ment Standard  of  Faith  and  Life";  "The  Church 
of  the  Bible";  "The  Light  Blind  Europe  Needs"; 
"What  Is  Prosperity?"  "Defying  the  Will  of  God"; 
"Search  for  Truth  Among  Eliot  Ruins";  "Ameri- 
can Socialism  Weighed  and  Found  Wanting";  "A 
Deplorable  Sign  of  the  Times";  "What  Is  the 
Ma'tter  with  the  World?"  "The  Kind  of  Govern- 
ment That  Secures  Prosperity";  "The  Earth  Is  the 
Lord's".  Among  the  principles  Mr.  Havemeyer 
adopted  in  early  life  were  these:  "To  be  and  not 
seem  to  be;  to  do  and  not  seem  to  do";  in  other 
words,  to  be  thorough  and  true;  to  maintain  per- 
sonal integrity  at  any  cost;  to  fulfill  each  day's 
ob»gations  of  every  kind;  whether  business,  re- 
ligious, social,  philanthropic  or  political,  and  to 
be  prompt  and  thorough  in  everything,  seeking  not 
present  commendation,  but  living  and  acting  so  as 
to  deserve  final  approval  and  success.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  He  was  married  at  Athens, 
Greece,  Dec.  5,  1872,  to  Alice  Alide,  daughter  of 
John  M.  Francis  (q.v.),  who  was  then  United 
States  Minister  to  that  country,  and  had  three 
children:  Harriet  F.,  wife  of  Dr.  Robert  H.  Craig, 
of  Montreal,  Canada;  John  F.  and  Alice  Louise, 
wife  of  Thomas  L.  Moore,  of  Richmond,  Va. 


WETHEKBEE,  Henry,  pioneer  and  lumber- 
man, was  born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Feb.  19, 
1827,  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Mary  (Holdeia) 
Wetherbee.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is 
descended  from  Elder  Brewster  of  the  May- 
flower, and  Thomas  Prince,  governor  of  Plymouth 
colony.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Cambridge,  and  later  became  associated  in 
business  with  his  father  in  Boston.  In  1849, 
however,  the  gold  fever  proving  irresistible,  he 
removed  to  California  and  went  at  once  to  the 
mines  on  the  northern  Sacramento,  but  after 
one  day  returned  to  San  Francisco.  Just 
about  this  time  a  ship  came  into  port  loaded 
with  a  cargo  of  potatoes,  which  the  captain 
wished  to  sell  in  bulk;  these  Mr.  Wetherbee 
bought  and  later  disposed  of  at  a  profit  of 
$6,000.  Still  later,  with  thirty  other  men,  he 
chartered  a  schooner  and  set  out  with  a  view  to 
selecting  a  town  site  to  rival  San  Francisco. 
Having  been  becalmed  for  two  days,  they  met 
with  a  party  of  Indians  who  helped  them  to 
drag  the  boat  along  the  beach  to  Humboldt  Bay, 
where  they  selected  a  site  and  laid  out  the  town 
of  Eureka.  Later  they  assisted  in  laying  out 
the  towns  of  Arcata  and  Trinidad.  In  1852, 
in  partnership  with  B.  F.  Pond,  he  leased  a 
wharf  in  San  Francisco,  and  together  they  did 
considerable  shipping  along  the  Pacific  coast, 
bringing  lumber  from  Oregon.  In  1856  he 
secured  a  half  interest  in  a  lumber  business  of 
Alexander  MacPherson,  which  partnership  con- 
tinued until  the  death  of  Mr.  MacPherson.  They 
acquired  large  tracts  of  timberland  at  various 
times,  gaining  possession  of  28,000  acres  of 
redwood  about  Albion  river;  13,000  on  the  Noyo 
and  20,000  on  the  Eel  rivers;  5,000  on  Russian 
Gulch,  besides  additional  tracts  on  Ten  Mile 
river,  the  Elk  and  Donahue  rivers,  Pudding 
creek  and  elsewhere  in  Mendocino  and  Humboldt 
counties.  A  few  months  before  his  death  he 
disposed  of  his  interests,  being  then  known  as 
the  "King  of  the  Redwoods."  During  the  early 
days  of  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Wetherbee  served  as 
a  member  of  the  vigilance  committee.  In  politics 
he  was  a  staunch  Republican.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  California  Pioneers,  the  Olympic,  Pacific 
Union  and  Bohemian  clubs;  supported  liberally 
all  charitable  enterprises,  as  well  as  giving  gen- 
erously to  individual  needs;  and  was  prominent 
in  the  Woman's  Exchange,  which  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  advisory  committee.  He  was  a 
man  of  sterling  integrity,  a  loyal  citizen  and 
friend,  eaniest  and  direct  in  all  his  thoughts, 
effort  and  action.  Of  quick  perception,  he  also 
had  a  fund  of  original. wit  and  no  man  in  San 
Francisco  was  more  highly  esteemed.  He  was 
married  in  New  York  city,  in  1860,  to  Nellie, 
daughter  of  Daniel  Merrell,  of  Canton,  Conn.,  and 
died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Jan.  29,  1892. 

O'DONNELL,  Bernard,  musician,  was  born  in 
New  Y'ork  city,  Oct.  2,  1846,  sou  of  Edward 
and  Susan  (Galligan)  O  'Dounell,  both  natives  of 
Ireland.  His  parents  died  while  he  was  very 
young,  and  he  wai  placed  in  the  Boys'  Catholic 
Orphan  Asylum,  where  he  received  his  education 
and  early  musical  training.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  with  a  fur  and  straw  goods  firm,  upon 
the  failure  of  which  he  spent  a  year  or  more  at 
carpentry;  but  his  natural  bent  was  towards 
music,  and  during  these  years  of  his  business 
life  he  was  engaged  as  organist  and  cJioir  di- 
rector of  old  St.  Lawrence's  (now  St.  Ignatius') 
Catholic  Church,  New  York  city.  Every  minute 
he  could  spare  from  teaching  and  choir  work  he 


30  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

devoted    to    study    and    practice.      He    was    the    post-graduate  work.     She  began  teaching  at  Og- 
originator  of  the  idea  of  attaching  organ  pedals    den,  Utah  and  Butte,  Mont.,  and  for  a  score  of 
to    the    piano,    for    organ    pedal    practice    work,    years  was  teacher  in   the  Chicago  public  schools, 
thus    securing    better    results.      As    a    teacher    of    In   1916   she   was  one   of   the   thirty-eight   ' '  honor 
music   he   soon   gained   a   considerable   reputation,    roll"   teachers   of   the  Chicago   Teachers'   Federa- 
while   his   choir  work   also   won   recognition.      He    tion  released  from  duty  for  one  year  for  standing 
was   an   original   subscriber  to   the   Boston   Sym-    for  the   rights  of  the  organization.     She  was  re- 
phony,    the    Musical   Art,    Sehola    Sanctorum,   and    instated  with   full  privileges   in   1917   and   the  or- 
all      concerts     of     like     musical     standing.        He    ganization  was  preserved.     She  is   strongly   inter- 
studied  the  organ  with  Samuel  P.  Warren   (q.v.),    ested  in  democratic  movements  and  social  welfare, 
organist     for     many    years    of     Grance     Church,    also   literature  and  education.     She  is  a  member 
New    York.      For    sixteen    years    he   was    organist    of    the    Political    Equity    League,    Illinois    State 
and    choir  •  director    at    St.    Lawrence 's    Church,    Teachers '  Association,   Chicago   Teachers '  Federa- 
tion   occupied    a   similar    position    in    a    German    tion,     Intercollegiate     Socialist     Society,     Illinois 
Catholic    Church,    later    became    organist    of    St.    Woman's    Press    Association,    and    the    Woman's 
Teresa's    Catholic    Chruch,    New    York,    was    se-    City  Club,  Chicago.     She  is  author  of  "The  Child 
le.-t.'d   to   play  the  organ  at  the  opening  service    You  Used  to  Be"  (A.  C.  McC'lurg  &  Co.,  Chicago, 
of  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  and  was  organist  and    1909),   and  "Four  and  Twenty  Dollies"    (Ham- 
choir-director    of    St.    Patrick's    Church,    Brook-    ming  Pub.  Co.,  Chicago,   1914).     "The  former," 
lyn,    where    he    remained    for    twenty    years.      In    Edwin  Markham  says,  "takes  your  hand  connden- 
18s:i    he    was    appointed    music    teacher    in    the    tially  and  carries  you  back  with  a  skip  and  a  hop 
public    schools    of    Brooklyn,    and    continued    in    to  far-away  dreams  and  dramas  of  your  childhood. 
this     wink     until     his     retirement     ill     September,    It  is  a  simple,  cheery  record  of  the  memoirs  of  a 
1910.     When  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and    happy  child,  reared  in  a  plain  but  pleasant  Lome; 
Science,    of    which    he    was    a    member    of    the    and  while  it  is  full  of  the  touches  of  the  human 
musical    section    committee,    began    to    give    con-    nature   common   to   all   little   beings   learning   the 
certs,    showing   the    musical   work    of   the    public,   meaning  of  life,  it  bears  also  the  originality  of  a 
schools,   Mr.   0  'Donnell  and  his  pupils  of  Public    child    that    thinks    for    herself    and    foreshows    a 
School    No.    5    were    selected    to    give   these    con-    WOman  who  will  not  be  mummified  in  custom  and 
certs.     He  was  one  of  the  original  members  and    conventionality."     Her  "Dollies"  has  been  called 
for   a   number   of   years   a   director    of   the   New    "the  most   beautiful,   original   and   merriest   chil- 
York    Oratorio    Society.      The   last   sixteen   years    dren's  book  of  the  year — an  inspiration  to  author, 
of   his  musical  public  life  were  largely  spent  in    artjst  and  reader — a  joy  to  tots  and  grown-ups  of 
union  with   the  work  of  his  wife,   accompanying    a]i  ages."     "All  the  winsome  and  rollicking  dol- 
her    in   her   lecture    recitals   on   Irish   music    and    i;es  known  to  childhood  are  here   represented  by 
folk    lore.      Mr.    O 'Donnell   was   a   man    of    high    the  '  four-and-twenty. '  " 

ideals  and  of  fine  personal  appearance.  Per-  FREER,  Eleanor  Everest  (Mrs.  Archibald), 
fectly  honest  himself,  he  never  suspected  mean-  composer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  14, 
ness  or  unkind  treatment  in  others,  but  was  js64,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Ellen  Amelia 
always  happy  to  recognize  merit  wherever  it  (Clark)  Everest.  Cornelius  Everest,  her  father, 
appeared.  He  was  married,  Nov.  2S,  18S2,  to  w;is  professor  of  music,  in  the  Girls'  Normal 
Helen,  daughter  of  Patrick  Fitzpatrick  of  Brook-  School,  Philadelphia,  and  also  taught  vocal  and 
IMI.  N.  Y.  He  died  yi  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  theoretical  music  privately.  As  a  girl,  she  at- 
10,  1916.  tended  private  schools  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  for 

PEASE.  Leonora  Elizabeth,  author  and  more  than  three  years  studied  music  in  Paris  under 
educator,  was  born  at  Taylorville.  III.,  daughter  Mathilda  Marehesi  and  Benjamin  Godard,  and 
of  George  E.  and  Isabella  L.  (Bond)  Pease.  Her  ].lt(,r  w;th  Bernhard  Ziehn  in  Chicago.  For  four 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Robert  years  she  served  as  vocal  teacher,  as  Marches! 
Pease,  who  came  from  Great  Baddow,  Essex,  Eng-  representative  two  seasons  at  the  National  Con- 
land,  in  Ki.'U,  and  settled  in  Boston.  From  him  servatory  of  Music  in  New  York.  Mrs.  Freer  be- 
the  line  of  descent  is  tr.u-ed  through  his  sou  John  irnn  publishing  her  musical  compositions  in  1902, 
and  his  wife  Mary  Goodell,  their  son  Robert  and  ;lll,l  is  the  author  of  more  than  150  songs  and 
his  wife  Alii^.-til  Randall;  their  son  Samuel  and  part-songs,  the  music  of  which  she  has  set  to  the 
his  wife  Elizabeth  Warner;  their  son  Nathaniel  best  English  and  American  lyrics;  she  has  also 
and  his  wife  Eunice  Allen,  to  their  son  Augustus  ....mposed  instrumental  pieces  for  the  piano,  etc. 


, 
P.  Pease  and  his  wife  Almira  Holt,  who  were  the    She  is  an  advocate  of  vocal  music  in  English,  in 

Tt  _  .  f\—      .1.1.  —       ,"];„.*-«  ff       -f7i_  _l  •  _U    ~-     n»  l.i .-,  11 11  4-1*1^0          no       i        iinr?f*Q%n  TV       stPTl 


I'.n  v.-ird,  author  of  the  Mecklenburg  __ ..,..— --, 

George    E     Pease     father   of   our   subject,   and   a  artistic   side,    eminently   successful   effort    in   this 

native  of  Norfolk,  Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  direction   has   already    been    made   by   a    Chicago 

in   1856;    studied  law  in  Ohio;   practiced  his  pro-  composer  who  is  rapidly  gaining  prominence .     Ex- 

fession    for    ten    years    in    Illinois;    served    in    the  tended  comment   has  been  made   m   the.e  columns 

civil  wir  as  captain  of  Co.  M,  3d  regiment  Illinois  on  the  songs  of  Eleanor  Everest  Freer.     The  titles 

n-afrv.   removed  to   Fairplav,  Colo.,  in  are:      'Faith,'   'The   Dancers,'   '  Galloping   bong, 

,    :•.....  ot  T.oo^llo.  •Snno'     of      the     Roses,'      'August      Night       and 


?olunteer   cavalry;   removed  to  Fairplay^olo.^m  are:^  •  '^'.'"V^     B^eV'' August Night 

subse'cmeutlv    resumed   his   professional    career    in  •Summer     Night,'     and     they     are     to     be 

Park   county;    was   member   of   the   constitutional  bered  among  the  best  that  this  gifted ^mannas 

convention  of  Colorado,  1875;   of  the  6th  general  yet  given  to^epubUeAU  reveal  the  clever  hw 


HENRY  WETHERBEE 
LUMBER  MERCHANT 


BERNARD  O'DONNELL 

MUSICIAN 


9 

"• 

r 


LEONORA  E.  PEASE 
EDUCATOR 


EDWARD  C.  WEBRE 

sn,\R  PLANTER  AND   BROKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


is  no  adherer  to  recognized  forms,  but  her  music 
loses  nothing  by  this.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  so 
well  suited  to  the  words  that  the  daring  original- 
ity of  rhythm  and  tonality  is  hardly  noticed  till 
we  begin 'to  search  for  the  method  by  which  such 
surprising  efforts  are  accomplished. ' '  To  quote 
again  from  the  same  journal:  "The  next  trio 
of  songs  by  Eleanor  Freer  .  .  .  each  note- 
worthy, but  especially  the  latter  was  big  and 
heroic,  tremendously  effective,  showing  the  wide 
range  of  the  singer  's  voice  and  its  dramatic  power 
in  the  dynamic  contrasts.  'The  Daughter  of 
Egypt '  promises  to  be  one  of  the  great  con- 
cert songs  published."  Mrs.  Freer  is  not  only  a 
musician"  of  ability,  but  a  patriot  as  well.  In 
October,  1917,  she  founded  and  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  "The  Lake  Shore  Drive.  Surgical  Dressings 
Unit"  (later,  The  War  Relief  Club).  She  is  also 
founder  of  the  Paris-Chicago  Hospital  Foundation 
and  at  present  one  of  its  directors  and  an  honor- 
ary member  of  the  French  Red  Cross.  In  July, 
1919,  Mrs.  Freer  was  awarded  the  Distinguished 
Service  Medal  (Medaille  de  Reconnaissance)  by 
the  French  Red  Cross  for  her  services  to  France 
during  the  great  war.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Fortnightly,  Friday,  Melodists  clubs  and 
Musicians '  club  of  Women,  and  honorary  member 
of  the  National  Federation  of  Music  Clubs,  and 
an  active  member  of  the  Illinois  Women's  Press 
Association.  In  religion  she  is  an  Episcopalian. 
She  was  married  in  New  York  city,  Apr.  25,  1891, 
to  Archibald  E.  Freer,  and  has  one  child,  a 
daughter,  Eleanor  Freer,  wife  of  Russell  Willson  of 
Chicago.  (Portrait  opposite  page  147.) 

WEBRE,  Edward  Charles,  sugar  planter  and 
broker,  -was  born  at  A'acherie,  La.,  Sept.  26,  1872, 
son  of  Joseph  and  Marie  C.  (Donaldson)  Webre. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  a 
Mr.  Webre,  who  came  from  Holland  in  the  18th 
century  and  settled  at  Vacherie,  St.  James  parish, 
La.  His  ancestors  were  noted  planters  of  Va- 
cherie. Joseph  Webre,  father  of  our  subject, 
made  many  improvements  in  cane  planting  and 
was  identified  with  every  movement  for  the  pro- 
gress and  upbuilding  of  St.  James  parish;  dur- 
ing the  war  between  the  states  he  served  as  cap- 
tain in  the  Confederate  army,  and  was  captured 
:;nd  imprisoned  by  the  Federals.  Edward  C. 
Webre  received  his  preliminary  education  in  pri- 
vate schools.  He  was  graduated  at  Jefferson  Col- 
lege, Convent,  La.,  with  the  degree  B.S.  in  chem- 
istry. He  subsequently  took  a  course  at  the 
Louisiana  Experimental  Station  Sugar  Chemistry 
School,  and  he  was  graduated  at  New  Orleans 
College  of  Pharmacy  with  the  degree  Ph.D. 
When  a  young  man  he  was  engaged  in  the  sugar 
business,  and  was  widely  known  to  his  fellow 
planters  in  Louisiana.  In  1892  he  settled  in  New 
Orleans  as  a  commission  and  sugar  broker,  meet- 
ing with  unique  success.  He  attained  fame  in  the 
sugar  industry  in  1908  by  discovering  a  molasses 
bleach  that  was  in  universal  use  until  the  out- 
break of  the  European  War,  which  made  it  im- 
possible to  obtain  from  Germany  the  necessary 
chemicals.  He  was  a  member  of  various  carnival 
organizations,  the  New  Orleans  Sugar  Exchange, 
Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Knights 
of  the  Maccabees,  and  the  Chess,  Checkers  & 
Whist  Club,  New  Orleans.  He  made  a  study  of 
flowers,  especially  as  to  their  color  changes,  anil 
he  also  found  much  recreation  in  reading  and 
music,  playing  the  baritone  and  the  flute.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party, 
.•i ml  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  of  St.  Francis  Assisi.  His  record  through- 


out his  business  life  was  unsullied.  Charitable,  of 
a  modest  and  retiring  disposition,  fond  of  home 
life,  he  won  the  friendship  and  respect  of  all  who 
knew  him.  He  was  married  in  New  Orleans,  La., 
June  29,  1898,  to  Mamie  F.,  daughter  of  John 
Ellwood,  a  cotton  broker,  of  New  Orleans;  she 
survives  him.  He  died  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  July 
13,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  page  30.) 

MANSFIELD,  Henry  Buckingham,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March  5,  1846, 
son  of  Capt.  Charles  and  Eliza  Maria  (Bucking- 
ham) Mansfield.  His  father  was  commander  and 
part  owner  of  the  bark  "Haxall"  which  was  lost 
at  sea  with  all  hands  while  returning  from  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  in  1849.  The  son  was  educated  at  the 
Hudson  River  Institute,  Claverack,  N.  Y.,  and 
learned  the  principles  of  seamanship  and  naviga- 
tion on  a  voyage  around  the  world  at  the  age  of 
fifteen,  with  a  friend  of  his  father,  and  entered  the 
Naval  Academy,  in  February,  1863,  and  was  grad- 
uated in  1867."  While  a  midshipman  he  served  on 
the  "Minnesota,"  "Marion,"  "Macedonian," 
and  "Winnepec";  was  on  special  government  ser- 
vice in  1867-68;  was  a  member  of  the  Eclipse  ex- 
pedition to  Siberia  in  1869  and  was  stationed  on 
the  "Mohongo"  and  "Mohican"  in  the  Pacific 
fleet  in  1869-70.  He  was  in  command  of  the  second 
launch  when  five  of  the  ' '  Mohican ' '  boats  and 
about  seventy  men,  commanded  by  Willard  H. 
Bronson,  cut  out  and  burned  the  piratical  steamer 
"Forward"  in  the  Teeupan  River,  Mexico.  An 
officer,  Richard  Wainright  (q.v.)  and  a  coxswain, 
O'Donnell,  were  killed  and  seven  men  wounded. 
He  was  at  the  torpedo  station  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
during  the  winter  of  1870-71 ;  in  the  autumn  of 
1871  was  an  officer  on  the  steamer  "Hassler, " 
which  carried  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz  and  a  scientific 
party  of  exploration  around  South  America  to 
San  "Francisco,  Cal.  He  was  engaged  in  the  survey 
of  the  California  coast  until  March,  1874,  when 
he  joined  the  "Michigan"  on  the  Great  Lakes 
and  served  until  July,  1875.  In  the  latter  year  he 
took  a  draft  of  men  to  the  China  station  and 
served  there  three  years  on  the  "Saco,"  Yantic," 
and  "Monocacy, "  returning  to  New  York  on  the 
"Tennessee"  in  July,  1878.  He  sailed  on  the 
"Constellation"  when  she  took  supplies  to  fam- 
ished Ireland  in  1880,  and  commanded  the  coast 
survey  steamers  ' '  Endeavor, "  "  Gedney, ' '  and 
"Bac'he"  until  the  fall  of  1884.  The  following 
March  he  was  navigating  officer  of  the  flag  ship 
"  Pensacola  "  on  the  European  station.  He  again 
engaged  in  survey  work  on  the  California  coast 
as  commander  of  the  "Hassler"  during  1888-89 
and  commanded  the  "Patterson"  on  a  survey  of 
southeastern  Alaskan  waters,  during  1889-92.  For 
four  years  he  was  on  duty  at  the  New  York  navy 
yard  and  on  the  receiving  ship  "Vermont,"  after 
which  he  was  lighthouse  inspector  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, Illinois,  and  Missouri  rivers.  During  the 
war  with  Spain,  he  commanded  the  supply  ship 
"Celtic,"  with  the  Atlantic  Squadron.  After 
commanding  the  training  ship  "Lancaster"  for  a 
year,  he  was  in  charge  of  the  recruiting  station  in 
New  York  city,  1901-03,  and  member  of  the 
Naval  examining  and  retiring  boards,  Washington 
(1903).  He -commanded  the  U.  S.  S.  "Iowa," 
when  the  American  fleet  visited  Europe  in  1904. 
He  was  later  ordered  as  president  of  the  court- 
martial  board  at  the  New  York  navy  yard  and 
retired  at  his  own  request  after  forty  years  of 
service,  as  rear-admiral,  June  15,  1905.  He  >vas 
commissioned  ensign  in  1868,  master  in  1870,  lieu 
tenant  in  1872,  lieutenant  commander  in  IMHI, 
commander  in  1897,  captain  in  1902,  and  received 


32 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


a  commission  as  rear-admiral  after  his  retirement. 
Adm.  Mansfield  was  a  tall,  fine-looking  man,  with 
a  military  carriage.  In  disposition  he  was  quiet 
and  retiring,  but  his  punctilious  honor  and  strict 
justice  in  all  his  official  dealings  won  him  the  re- 
spect and  friendship  of  his  shipmates.  He  was 
married,  Oct.  23,  1872,  to  Harriet,  daughter  of 
William  Sheldon  of  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  and  left  two 
daughters:  Louise  Buckingham,  artist,  and  Hilda 
Brownell  Mansfield.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
July  17.  1918. 

HALLOWELL,  Norwood  Penrose,  banker, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Apr.  13,  1839,  son 
of  Morris  Longstreth  and  Hannah  (Penrose)  Hal- 
lowell.  Norwood  Penrose  Hallowell  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  Friends'  schools  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1861, 
after  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  meanwhile 
having  served  three  months  in  the  4th  battalion, 
New  England  guards,  stationed  at  Fort  Independ- 
ence, Boston.  After  graduation  he  became  1st 
lieutenant  in  the  20th  Mass.  Vol.  Inf.,  which  took 
part  in  the  Federal  disaster  at  Ball's  Bluff,  where 
it  acquitted  itself  with  superb  spirit  <V-]'itr  great 
losses.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
as  he  had  been  at  Glendale,  and  he  had  been 
serving  under  a  captain's  commission  since  No- 
vember. 1861,  participating  also  in  battles  and 
engagements  at  Yorktown,  West  Point,  Fair  Oaks, 
Savage's  Station  and  Malvern  Hill.  He  never 
fully  recovered  from  wounds  received  at  Antiftam. 
Soon  after  the  latter  battle  he  resigned  to  accept 
a  commission  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  54th 
Massachusetts,  the  first  colored  regiment  raised 
in  that  state,  and  later  became  colonel  of  the 
55th  Massachusetts,  also  a  colored  regiment.  Near 
the  close  of  1863  he  was  compelled  to  resign  from 
the  service  because  of  disability  caused  by  his 
wounds.  Every  officer  who  joined  a  black  regi- 
ment took  his  life  doubly  in  his  hands,  since  the 
1 'unfederates  served  notice  that  no  quarter  would 
be  extended  to  'the  officers  of  the  colored  regi- 
ments. During  18fi4— 69  he  was  engaged  in  the 
wool  commission  business  iu  New  York  city,  being 
most  of  the  time  associated  with  his  brother, 
Richard  P.  Hallowell.  In  1S69  he  transferred  his 
business  to  Boston  and  his  residence  to  West 
Mi'ilt'onl.  M.iss.  Banking  interests  attracted  him, 
and  in  1886  he  became  vice-president  of  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Commerce  of  Boston,  and  in  l^'.'l 
was  chosen  president  of  that  institution,  which 
office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
also  a  trustee  of  the  Medford  Savings  Bank;  a 
director  of  the  Guarantee  Company  of  North 
America;  trustee  and  president  of  the  Perkins 
Institution  for  the  Blind;  treasurer  of  the  Sarah 
Fuller  Home  for  Deaf  Children;  president  of  the 
Middlesex  School  at  Concord,  Mass. ;  past  presi- 
ded (1884)  Massachusetts  commandery,  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  trustee  of  the  Mili- 
tary Historical  Society;  past  president  of  the 
Tnion  Club,  and  member  of  the  Harvard  Club, 
Boston.  An  excellent  public  speaker,  his  services 
as  orator  were  greatly  in  demand.  Col.  Hallowell 
was  a  man  of  imposing  appearance,  ami  what  his 
face  and  figure  affirmed,  his  intellect  reaffirmed. 
In  his  death  there  passed  one  of  the  last  of  the 
group  of  idealists  of  the  abolition  period.  He 
believed  in  the  rights  of  man,  and  his  devotion  to 
the  ideals  of  freedom  never  lagged.  He  was  mar- 
ried in.  New  York  city,  Jan.  27,  1868,  to  Sarah 
Wharton,  daughter  of"  Robert  Haydock,  a  mer- 
chant, of  New  York;  she  survives  him,  with  six 
children:  Robert  H.,  Norwood  Penrose,  Jr..  John 
W.,  Anna  N.,  wife  of  Horace  A.  Davis;  Esther 


F.,  wife  of  Arthur  H.  Morse,  and  Susan  M.,  wife 
of  Lawrence  G.  Brooks.  He  died  at  West  Med- 
ford, Mass.,  Apr.  11,  1914. 

EVERETT,  Marvin  Niles,  was  born  'at 
Maxon  Hill,  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  24, 
1828,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Walker)  Ever- 
ett, and  grandson  of  John  Everett,  a  native  of 
England,  who  came  to  America  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary war  and  settled  in  New  York.  Marvin 
N.  Everett 's  first  business  experience  was  in  asso- 
ciation with  his  father,  who  was  a  manufacturer 
of  measures  of  capacity  for  measuring  grain, 
etc.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  left  home  to 
seek  his  fortune,  and  locating  at  Worksburg 
(now  Falconer),  C'hautnuqua  county,  N.  Y.,  en- 
gaged with  his  brother,  John  Everett,  in  the 
building  of  flat  boats,  which  they  loaded  with 
produce  and  sent  down  the  Alleghnny  river  to 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Selling  out  to  his  brother  in 
1854  he  spent  the  following  six  years  in  Cali- 
fornia, being  employed  as  a  millwright  in  Sacra- 
mento prior  to  locating  in  Trinity  county  and  be- 
coming a  successful  gold  miner.  Returning  to 
Chautauqua  county  in  I860,  he  bought  a  farm  in 
Gerry,  which  he  operated  for  five  years.  In  1866, 
on  account  of  his  wife's  poor  health,  he  located 
in  Kansas,  where  he  purchased  considerable  land 
and  engaged  in  the  brokerage  business  in  Min- 
neapolis, Kas.  He  returned  to  Gerry  in  1868.  He 
resided  in  Falconer  from  1873  until  1895,  when 
he  removed  to  Jamestown,  N.  Y.  Here  he  built 
the  Hotel  Everett,  a  substantial  building  of  brick 
and  stone,  which  he  managed  with  marked  suc- 
cess until  1892  and  lived  retired  here  until  his 
death.  Mr.  Everett  was  a  man  of  great  energy 
and  broad,  diversified  tastes,  delighting  in  the  use 
of  tools  and  mechanical  work,  and  at  one  time 
was  deeply  interested  in  bee  culture,  having  one 
of  the  largest  and  best-producing  bee  farms  in 
the  country.  In  his  personal  life  he  was  a  kind, 
generoois  neighbor,  a  strong  advocate  of  the  cause 
of  temperance,  and  a  member  of  the  Republican 
party.  The  construction  of  the  First  Methodist 
church  in  Falconer  was  due  to  his  interest  and 
generosity.  Mr.  Everett  was  twice  married ;  first, 
June  23,  1866,  to  Emily  J.,  daughter  of  Ebenezer 
Perry,  and,  second,  Mar.  3,  1875,  to  Viola  D., 
daughter  of  Oscar  Oburg.  The  latter  is  a  woman 
of  forceful  character  and  business  ability,  who 
was  always  a  real  help  to  her  husband  in  his  busi- 
ness undertakings.  Marvin  N.  Everett  died  in 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  4,  1909. 

OBTJRG,  Oscar,  was  born  near  Stockholm, 
Sweden,  Feb.  25,  1833.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  with  his  father,  Peter  Oburg,  coming  via 
Buffalo,  by  stage  to  Dunkirk,  thence  to  James- 
town, where  be  located.  A  lad  of  sixteen  at  that 
time,  he  found  employment  in  the  Shaw  Hotel. 
In  1850  he  removed  to  Ashville,  Chautauqua  CO., 
N.  Y.,  where  he  was  engaged  in  business  as  a 
tailor.  Later  he  became  interested  in  the  shoe 
business,  continuing  it  until  the  Civil  war,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  farming  near  Ashville.  He 
was  a  Republican  in  polities  and  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Mr.  .Oburg  was 
married  Feb.  27,  1852,  to  Bebe,  daughter  of 
Barnabas  Wellman  of  Ashville,  N.  Y.,  and  left  six 
children:  Elon  M.,  of  Busti,  N.  Y.;  Viola  D., 
who  married  Marvin  N.  Everett  (above) ;  Minnie 
N.,  Ashville,  N.  Y. ;  Leila  C.,  who  married  Rollin 
M.  Lee,  of  Ashville,  N.  Y. ;  Abbie  D.,  who  married 
Charles  Wellman,  of  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  and  Vic- 
tor F.  Oburg,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Oscar  Oburg 
died  in  Ashville,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  9,  1919. 

GARVAN,   Patrick,   contractor  and  manufac- 


n/  ^/f-    &/2W&& 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


33 


turer,    was    born    in    Dungarvan    Island,    Ireland, 
Mar.  8,   1836,  son  of  Thomas  and   Ellen  Garvan. 
He   came  to  America   at   the   age  of  twelve,   and 
during   the  following   winters   attended   school   at 
East   Windsor   Hill,   Conn.      In   185:2   he  settled   in 
East    Hartford,    Conn.,    where    he    remained    until 
1894.     At   the   age    cf   twenty-one   he    began   his 
business    career    as    a    contractor    and    builder   in 
Hartford,   during   which    he   erected   many   public 
buildings   and    churches   east    of    the    Connecticut 
river.     In  addition  to  his  contracting  and  building 
business  Mr.  Garvan  was  a  partner  in  the  paper 
and  paper  stock  business  carried  on  in  Hartford 
under  the  name  of  E.  J.  Carroll  &   Co.     Having 
purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  Carroll  in   1877,  he 
conducted  the  business  under  his  own  name  there- 
alter    and   developed    the   enterprise   to   surprising 
proportions.     In  1905  it  was  incorporated  as  the 
P.  Garvan  Corporation,  with  Mr.  Garvan  as  presi- 
dent.    The  interests  of  the  corporation  consist  of 
mills  at  Versailles,  Conn.,  and  warehouses  in  Holy- 
oke,  Mass.,  New  York  city,  and  in  Hartford.     His 
company  took  charge  of  the  Newington  Paper  Co., 
which  had  been  established  by  the  Hartford  Board 
Co.,  at  Dutch  Point,  from  :<hom  it  had  been  pre- 
viously   purchased    by    Thomas    F.    Garvan.      Mr. 
Garvan  was  president  of  these  companies  also.     In 
polities   Mr.    Garvan   was    a    staunch    Republican. 
He    held    many    positions    of    honor    and    trust    in 
East  Hartford,  having  been  chairman  of  the  school 
board  for  twelve  years;   president   of  the  A'illage 
Improvement    and    Street    Lighting    associations; 
trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  Raymond  Library  Co., 
and  chairman  of  the   Republican  town   committee. 
In  1884  he  represented  East  Hartford  in  the  state 
legislature,    and    was    re-elected    the    town 's    first 
representative    in    1885,    serving    as    chairman    of 
the  school  fund  committee  in  that  year,  and  mem- 
ber  of   the  finance  committee   in   1SS4.     In   isno 
he  was  elected  state  senator  by  the  largest  Repub- 
lican  majority    given   any   candidate   in   this   dis- 
trict  up  to  that   time.     During   lS!H>-94   he   was   a 
member    of   the  Republican   state   central   commit- 
tee.    When  the  park  department  of  Hartford  wa< 
reorganized  he  was  a  member  of  the  commission 
having  charge  of  the  work.     He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators    of    the    Riverside    Trust    Co.,    and 
chairman  of  its  board  of  directors;   president  of 
the  Eastern  Straw-board  Co.,  director  of  the  State 
Bank,  and  the  Connecticut  Building  &  Loan  Asso- 
ciation; and  a  trustee  of  the  Society  for  Savings. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  of  the 
Catholic   Club,   and    was   its  first    president.      He 
was   a    trustee    of    St.    Joseph's    cathedral    parish, 
was  a  generous   contributor  to   the   building   fund 
of   St.  Agnes  Home   for  Children,  and   of  Mt.  St. 
J  oseph  's    Seminary,    erected    by    the    Sisters    of 
Mercy,  of   which   his   daughter    Ellen   M.    (Mother 
Angeliue)   is  mother  superior.     The  chapel  in  the 
seminary   was   erected   by  Sen.   Garvan   as   a   me- 
morial to  his  wife.     He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Catholic  Club  of  New  York,  and  of  the  American- 
Irish  Historical  Society.     Sen.  Garvan  was  one  of 
the  best  known   figures  in  the   business  world   of 
Hartford.      He   loved   his   adopted   city,   and  was 
proud  of  its  advancement.     He  was  a  self-made, 
practical   business   man,   and   enjoyed   the   respect 
and  esteem  of  a   wide  circle  in  Connecticut,  and 
wherever  his  important  business  interests  extended. 
The  numerous  bequests  to  religious  and  charitable 
institutions  named   in   his  will,   which   disposed  of 
an  estate  of  about  $1,000,000,  revealed  how  many 
philanthropic    enterprises    he    had    at    heart.      He 
was   married   in   January,    1861,   to   Mary   Agnes, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Carroll,  of  Hartford. 


They  had  four  sons:  Thomas  F.,  Edward  J.,  Fran- 
cis P.,  and  John  S. ;  and  four  daughters:  Ellen; 
Mary,  who  married  Dr.  John  A.  Jackson,  of  New 
York  city;  Agnes,  who  married  John  Cavanaugh 
of  South  Norwalk,  Conn.,  and  Genevieve,  wife  of 
Nicholas  F.  Brady  of  New  York  city.  Sen.  Gar- 
van  died  in  London,  England,  Sept.  22,  1912. 

JONES,  Gordon,  banker,  was  born  in  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.,  Dec.  20,  1862,  son  of  A.  B.  and  Cath- 
erine (Gordon)  Jones.  His  father  was  a  preacher 
in  the  Christian  church.  He  attended  William 
Jewell  College,  Liberty,  Mo.,  but  left  before  grad- 
uating to  enter  the  banking  business.  At  his 
death  he  was  president  of  the  United  States  Na- 
tional Bank,  Denver,  and  had  various  other  finan- 
cial, as  well  as  commercial  and  industrial,  con- 
nections. In  politics  he  was  a  supporter  of  the 
Democratic  party.  For  many  years  he  had  been 
a  member  and  an  officer  in  Central  Presbyterian 
Church,  Denver.  His  favorite  recreation  was  golf. 
In  all  matters  relative  to  the  welfare  of  Denver 
he  constantly  manifested  a  deep  and  sincere  in- 
tereat,  and  wherever  substantial  aid  would  further 
public  progress,  it  was  freely  given.  No  good 
work  done  in  the  name  of  charity  or  religion  ap- 
pealed to  him  in  vain,  and  in  his  ministries  of 
I  liis  rharartrr  he  brought  to  bear  the  same  deter- 
mination, discrimination  and  thoroughness  that 
were  manifest  in  his  career  as  a  banker.  A  vigi- 
lant and  attentive  observer  of  men  and  measures, 
holding  sound  opinions  and  taking  liberal  views, 
his  ideas  carried  weight  among  those  with  whom 
he  discussed  public  problems.  No  one  could  meet 
him  without  having  the  highest  appreciation  for 
his  sterling  qualities  of  manhood,  or  without,  being 
attracted  by  his  genial  nature,  which  recognize:! 
most  heartily  the  good  in  others.  Self-reliant, 
buoyant  in  disposition,  strictly  upright  in  all  his 
transactions,  he  compelled  the  unquestioning  con- 
fidence of  men  of  affairs,  and  won  and  held  the 
devoted  attachment  of  a  large  circle  of  friends. 
II.'  was  married  Feb.  18,  1891,  to  Dora  Lou, 
daughter  of  John  C.  Cobb,  a  banker,  of  Odessa, 
Mo.;  they  had  three  children:  Roma  Allene,  who 
married  Turner  Jones,  Denver,  Col.;  Gordon 
and  Elbert  W.  Gordon  Jones.  He  died  in  Denver, 
Col.,  Apr.  14,  1917. 

GAUT,  John  McReynolds,  jurist  and  church- 
man, was  born  at  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  Oct.  1,  1M1, 
son  of  John  Conaway  and  Sarah  Ann  (McRey- 
nolds) Gaut,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  was  a  lawyer  and 
jurist.  John  McReynolds  Gaut  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  at  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Rutgers  College  in  1866  with  the  de- 
gree A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from  that 
institution  in  ls<>9.  Missouri  Valley  College  gave 
him  the  degree  LL.D.  in  1906  and  Rutgers  a  simi- 
lar degree  in  1908.  He  studied  law  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tennessee 
in  1867,  and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Nashville,  soon  becoming  one  of 
the  best  known  and  most  successful  practitioners 
in  the  state.  During  1873-74  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Nashville  city  council.  In  1881  he  was 
appointed  special  judge  of  the  Tennessee  supreme 
court.  From  1870  to  1901  he  was  a  member, 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  board 
of  publication  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church,  and  in  1906  he  became  general  counsel  for 
the  Presbyterian  church,  IT.  S.  A.,  in  litigation 
for  church  property  growing  out  of  the  union  of 
a  portion  of  the  Cumberland  church  with  the 
Presbyterian  church,  IT.  S.  A.  During  1908-11 
was  a  member  of  the  judiciary  commission  of  the 


34 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Presbyterian  church,  U.  S.  A.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  the  University  of  Nashville.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  American  Bar  Association,  Tennessee  State 
Bar  Association,  Nashville  Bar  Association,  and 
other  organizations.  Judge  Gaut  was  deeply  re- 
ligious and  in  early  manhood  had  contemplated 
entering  the  ministry.  From  1867  he  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  First  Cumberland  Church,  Nash- 
ville, and  was  soon  made  elder  and  member  of 
the  building  committee  which  erected  a  sumptuous 
new  edifice.  Subsequently  he  became  ruling  elder 
in  Grace  Church,  South  Nashville.  From  1870  he 
was  a  representative  layman  in  all  the  courts  of 
the  church,  and  gave  a  lifetime  of  service  in  a 
number  of  administrative  responsibilities.  As  a 
member  of  the  board  of  publication  he  was  the 
dominant  factor  in  opening  a  manufacturing 
print-plant  and  a  retail  book  store.  He  became 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  board,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  his  large  law  practice  gave  one-fourth 
time  to  the  management  of  the  manufacturing 
plant  and  book  store.  During  his  presidency  of 
the  board  much  property  came  to  it  in  the  way 
of  growth  of  influence  in  the  church,  and  its  busi- 
ness assets.  Under  his  direction  was  issued  the 
history  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church, 
the  important  chapter  in  it  on  the  history  of  the 
board  of  publication,  the  newspapers  and  periodi- 
cals, being  written  by  himself.  Later  his  fund  of 
information  in  regard  to  ecclesiastical  law  and 
practice  was  largely  drawn  upon  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  digest  of  the  church.  He  was  largely 
iutlueutial  in  bringing  into  realization  the  plan 
of  the  church  for  a  larger  publishing  plant,  and 
under  his  direction  the  Presbyterian  building, 
Nashville,  was  completed  in  1891.  Such  was  the 
financial  skill  with  which  the  enterprise  was  man- 
aged that  eight  years  later  its  assets  were  ap- 
proximately a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  He 
gave  himself  heartily  to  the  large  matter  of  union 
and  reunion  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  and 
Presbyterian  church,  U.  S.  A.,  finally  consum- 
mated in  1906.  Out  of  this  union  a  number  of 
cases  of  litigation  issued,  final  adjudication  of 
which  was  passed  upon  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States.  He  personally  represented  the 
Nashville  presbytery  in  the  highest  courts  of  the 
church,  the  general  assembly,  etc.,  and  in  1917  sat 
as  commissioner,  and  was  chairman  of  one  of  the 
most  important  bodies  of  the  general  assembly  for 
which  he  had  also  served  a  term  as  member  of  its 
permanent  judiciary  committee.  Worthy  literary 
articles  from  his  pen  are  found  in  all  the  church 
periodicals,  and  he  was  author  of  ' '  Cumberland,  Or 
the  Story  of  a  Name. ' '  He  was  always  ready  to  put 
aside  secular  interests  in  order  to  serve  the  church. 
When  the  union  of  the  churches  was  attacked  in 
the  courts  by  a  sectarian  faction,  he  accepted  the 
challenge  as  his  paramount  life  mission.  To  him 
the  issue  was  far  more  than  a  case  to  be  won  by 
legal  shrewdness;  he  saw  in  the  questions  at  stake 
a  conflict  essentially  involving  the  liberty  of  re- 
ligion. Roused  to  battle,  with  illimitable  patience 
he  mastered  the  authorities  which  supported  the 
legal  right  of  church  organizations  to  order  their 
own  lite  as  they  deemed  their  duty  to  require. 
When  the  highest  court  eventually  sustained  the 
contentions  of  the  unionists  to  the  last  comma 
and  period,  the  victory  belonged  to  him  more  than 
to  any  other  man.  Few  laymen  had  given  to  any 
church  such  long-continued,  abundant,  expert  and 
almost  uurenumerated  service  as  was  given  to 
l'ii'sl)\  tc'iianisni  by  Judge  Gaut.  The  Nashville 
Publishing  House  stands  as  a  monument  to  his 
diligence,  fidelity  and  faith.  Long  prior  to  the 


litigation  over  unionism  his  idea  of  best  service 
to  his  church  was  as  an  interpreter  of  church  law 
and  polity,  and  when  that  litigation  came  he  was 
acclaimed  as  the  great  ecclesiastical  lawyer  of  the 
church.  In  addition  to  his  church  and  profes- 
sional duties  he  took  an  active  interest  in  public 
welfare.  He  made  free  roads  in  Tennessee  pos- 
sible, and  aided  other  public  enterprises.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  reading  and  the  enjoyment 
of  nature.  He  was  married  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
Oct.  25,  1876,  to  Sallie,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Crutchfield,  a  banker  and  farmer,  of  Chattanooga; 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Sarah  Me- 
Reynolds,  Amanda,  who  married  Kendrick  Hardcas- 
tlc,  and  Mary  A.  Gaut,  all  of  Nashville.  He  died 
at  Nashville,  Dec.  19,  191s. 

STRONG,  Harriet  Williams  Russell,  was 
born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  fourth  daughter  of  Henry 
Pierrepont  and  Mary  Guest  (Musier)  Russell,  and 
a  descendant  of  William  Russell,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, who  came  over  in  the  early  part  of  the 
seventeenth  century  with  his  brother-in-law  and 
sister,  Lord  and  Lady  Brooke,  and  Lord  Say 
nml  Seal,  and  settled  in  Windsor,  Conn.  Her 
grandfather,  Judge  Samuel  Russell,  of  New  York 
city,  was  commissary-general  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  her  father  was  postmaster  of  Buffalo  and 
later  adjutant-general  of  Nevada.  Mrs.  Strong 
was  educated  by  private  teachers  and  at  Miss  Mary 
Atkins  Young  Ladies  Seminary  at  Benicia,  Cal., 
the  family  having  gone  wes't  soon  after  her  birth, 
on  account  of  her  mother's  ill  health.  She  was 
married  at  an  early  age,  and  was  left  a  widow  in 
1883  with  four  daughters.  Her  husband's  prop- 
erty, consisting  of  mines  and  other  lands  in  south- 
ern California,  was  involved  in  litigation  lasting 
eight  years.  She  has  since  devoted  her  attention 
to  the  management  and  development  of  this  estate, 
whic-h  is  known  as  Ranchito  del  Fuerte  in  San 
Gabriel  Valley,  California.  It  has  largely  been 
planted  with  walnut  and  orange  trees,  and  is  yield- 
ing profitable  returns.  In  1897  she  drilled  a  num- 
ber of  artesian  wells,  and  to  utilize  the  water  thus 
obtained  purchased  1,000  acres  of  land  five  miles 
away,  installed  a  pumping  plant,  and  incorporated 
the  property  under  the  name  of  the  Paso  de  Bar- 
tolo  Water  Co.,  of  which  she  was  president,  and  her 
two  daughters,  respectively,  treasurer  and  secretary, 
and  issued  bonds  amounting  to  $110,000  to  carry 
on  the  enterprise,  selling  the  property  four  years 
later  at  a  handsome  profit.  Mrs.  Strong  has  made 
a  study  of  water  problems,  including  the  control 
of  flood  waters  and  water  storage.  She  was  the 
first  person  to  advocate  source  conservation  as  a 
flood  remedy,  proposing  a  succession  of  dams  in 
the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado  river  to  conserve 
the  water  for  irrigation  purposes  and  the  genera- 
tion of  electricity.  On  Dee.  6,  1887,  she  was 
granted  a  patent  for  i  dam  and  reservoir  construc- 
tion. Her  invention  consists  of  a  series  of  dams, 
one  behind  the  other,  to  be  constructed  in  a  valley, 
canyon  or  water-course  in  such  a  way  that  when 
the  water  has  filled  the  lower  dam  it  will  extend 
up  to  a  certain  height  upon  the  lower  face  of  the 
second  dam,  and  thus  act  as  a  brace  and  support 
for  the  dam  above  it.  She  obtained  another 
patent,  Nov.  6,  1894,  on  a  new  method  for  im- 
pounding debris  and  storing  water.  She  was 
awarded  two  medals  for  these  inventions  by  the 
World 's  Columbian  exposition  in  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1893.  In  1918  she  appeared  before  the  congres- 
sional committee  on  water  power  and  urged  the 
government  to  store  the  flood  waters  of  the  Colo- 
rado river  by  constructing  a  series  of  dams  by 
her  method  in  the  Grand  Canyon,  (which  in  its 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


35 


full  capacity  is  150  miles  long),  and  thus  control 
floods  and  increase  irrigation  water,  making  avail- 
able thousands  of  acres  of  land  and  unlimited 
power  for  generating  electricity,  ilrs.  Strong  has 
considerable  talent  as  a  musical  composer;  she  has 
published  a  number  of  songs  and  a  book  of  musi- 
cal sketches,  and  has  for  many  years  been  vic-c- 
president  of  the  Los  Angeles  Symphony  Orchestra 
Association.  She  was  the  founder  of  the  Ebell 
Club  of  Los  Angeles,  serving  as  its  president  for 
three  consecutive  terms.  She  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Friday  Morning  and  Ruskiu  Art  clubs  of  Los 
Angeles,  and  a  member  of  the  Los  Angeles  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  and  of  the  executive  board  of 
the  Inland  Waterways  Association  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. She  was  a  delegate  to  the  annual  conven- 
tion of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  "United 
States,  in  Chicago,  in  1918,  representing  both  the 
Whittier  and  Los  Angeles  chambers  of  commerce, 
being  the  first  -woman  delegate  to  attend  those 
conventions.  She  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Whittier  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
and  chairman  of  its  flood  control  committee,  and 
member  of  its  Law  and  Legislative  committee,  also 
a  member  of  the  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Legislative  committee.  She  was  married  in  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nev.,  to  Charles  Lyman  Strong,  and 
has  three  daughters:  Mary  Lyman,  wife  of  Dean 
Mason,  of  Los  Angeles;  Harriet  Russell  and  Nelle 
de  Luce  Strong.  Her  third  daughter,  Georgina 
Pierrepont,  wife  of  Hon.  Frederick  C.  Hicks,  of 
New  York,  died  in  Washington,  Jan.  1,  1918. 

STRONG,  Charles  Lyman,  mining  engineer, 
was  born  at  Stockbridge,  Vt.,  Aug.  15,  1826,  son 
of  David  Ellsworth  and  Harriet  (Fay)  Strong, 
and  brother  of  Maj.-Geu.  Strong  (q.v.),  U.  S.  A. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  Elder  John 
Strong,  who  came  from  England  in  1630,  and 
settled  first  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  removing  in  1659 
to  Northampton.  From  him  the  line  descends 
through  his  son  John  and  the  latter  's  second  wife, 
Elizabeth  Warriner;  their  son  John  and  his  wife, 
Hannah  Trumbull;  their  son  Jonathan,  his 
son,  Job,  and  his  son  Job  and  his  wife,  Damaris, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Charles  L.  Strong. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Stock- 
bridge,  at  Williston  Seminary  and  Amherst  Col- 
lege. After  spending  eight  years  in  a  mercantile 
house  in  New  York,  in  1S50  he  went  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif.,  and  established  a  bank.  The  bank 
building  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  1851,  and  Mr. 
Strong  was  severely  burned  in  endeavoring  to  save 
the  property.  After  six  weeks'  confinement  from 
the  effects  of  his  injuries  he  was  able  to  settle 
every  account  of  the  institution  from  memory.  In 
1855  he  became  a  partner  in  the  publishing  firm 
of  Lecount  and  Strong.  This  firm  also  published 
"The  Pioneer,"  of  which  he  was  the  California 
manager.  He  erected  for  this  business  the  first 
four-story  building  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  also 
manufactured  on  the  premises,  for  its  use,  the 
first  gas.  His  next  pioneering  was  among  the 
ealmon  fisheries  at  Puget  Sound,  spending  con- 
siderable means  in  hunting  for  codfish,  erecting 
stone  warehouses,  and  placing  on  a  sure  footing 
a  business  which  is  one  of  the  great  industries  of 
the  coast.  In  1860  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
Gould  &  Curry  Mining  Co.  at  Virginia  City,  •which 
reached  a  foremost  place  among  the  silver  mines 
of  the  world.  The  first  great  bonanza  on  the 
Com'stock  lode  was  the  Gould-Curry,  which  yielded 
upward  of  $11,000,000  in  one  year.  The  reduction 
works  were  completed  early  in  1863  and  enlarged 
the  same  year.  The  company  claimed  all  the  ledge 
embraced  within  their  end-lines,  and  upheld  their 


right  to  everything  under  their  outcrop.  Mr. 
Strong's  sagacity  was  shown  in  advising  the  com- 
pany not  to  enter  into  lawsuits  with  testers  work- 
ing on  the  spurs  of  their  lode,  but  rather  to  secure 
the'  property  by  pushing  mining  work  very  active- 
ly from  the  main  ore-body  and  by  following  this 
mineral  deposit  to  reach  his  opponent's  ground. 
During  the  last  nine  years  of  his  life  he  developed 
several  mines  and  erected  several  mills — two  in 
California,  one  in  Arizona,  and  two  in  Nevada. 
Mr.  Strong's  greatest  achievement  in  mining  was 
the  invention  of  the  cyanide  process  of  extracting 
the  precious  metal  from  low-grade  ores  in  large 
quantities.  Early  in  1864,  because  of  impaired 
health  due  to  overwork,  he  was  obliged  to  retire. 
He  spent  a  few  years  in  travel,  after  which  he  de- 
voted several  years  to  farming  and  orange  planting, 
in  Los  Angeles  county,  Calif.  Greatly  improved  in 
health,  the  quiet  life  became  irksome,  and  he  again 
turned  his  attention  to  mining  operations.  From 
Galena,  Nev.,  he  went  to  Eureka,  Calif.,  to  superin- 
tend the  Gedder  &  Bertrand  mines  and  the  erection 
of  the  new  lixiviation  mill.  After  completing  the 
work,  having  again  overtaxed  himself,  he  was 
forced  to  resign  his  position,  and  return  to  his 
home  in  Oakland,  Calif.  In  1862  he  built  St.  Paul 's 
Church,  Virginia  City,  the  first  Episcopal  church  in 
Nevada,  advancing  the  money  and  personally 
superintending  its  construction.  He  was  recog- 
nized as  a  power  in  the  community,  and  when 
Nevada  was  made  a  state  he  was  offered  the 
nomination  for  first  governor,  but  declined.  Later 
his  friends  tried  to  make  him  United  States  sen- 
ator, but  this  also  he  declined.  While  his  ability 
secured  him  a  leading  position  in  business  circles, 
no  less  were  his  eminent  social  qualities  recognized. 
He  was  married  Feb.  26,  1863,  to  Harriet  Williams, 
daughter  of  Gen.  Henry  Pierrepont  Russell,  and 
their  children  are:  Harriet  Russell;  Mary  Ly- 
man, wife  of  Dean  Mason,  of  Los  Angeles; 
Georgina  Pierrepont,  wife  of  Congressman  Fred- 
erick C.  Hicks,  of  New  York;  and  Nelle  de  Luce 
Strong.  Mr.  Strong  died  at  Auburn,  Cal.,  Feb.  9, 
1883. 

SMITH,  Howard  Remus,  live  stock  authority, 
was  born  at  Addison,  Mich.,  Apr.  16,  1872,  son 
of  Frederick  Hart  and  Mary  Selina  (Burr)  Smith. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  John  Smith,  who 
came  presumably  from  Haddon  Hall,  England,  in 
1640,  and  settled  at  Milford,  Conn.  His  wife  was 
Grace  Hawley,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Phebe  Camfield;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife 
Mary  Clark;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Jemima 
Bostwick;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Martha 
Wilmot,  and  their  son  Azariel  Smith  and  his  wife 
Mary  Andrews,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Howard  R.  Smith.  Capt.  Joseph  Smith,  his  great- 
grandfather, commanded  a  Newtown  (Conn.)  com- 
pany in  the  revolutionary  war.  Mr.  Smith's  early 
training  'n  live  stock  operations  was  acquired  on 
the  home  farm.  He  was  graduated  at  Michigan 
Agricultural  College  in  1895  with  the  degree  B.S., 
and  took  post-graduate  work  at  the  University 
of  Wisconsin.  During  1895-97  he  was  science  in- 
structor at  Tilford  Collegiate  Academy,  Vinton, 
la.,  and  for  the  ensuing  two  years  was  instructor 
in  chemistry  and  physics  at  Rock  Island  (111.)  high 
school.  He  was  a  graduate  student  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin,  during  1899-1900,  and  was 
then  for  a  year  acting  professor  of  agriculture, 
University  of  Missouri.  In  1901  he  joined  the 
faculty  of  the  University  of  Nebraska  as  assistant 
professor  of  animal  husbandry,  becoming  asso- 
ciate professor  within  the  year  and  professor  in 


36 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


1902,  remaining  in  that  position  twelve  years.  He 
held  the  same  chair  at  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota during  1912-15.  He  was  then  for  two  years 
live  stock  specialist  for  the  First  National  Bank 
of  St.  Paul  and  the  Great  Northern  railroad.  Since 
1917  he  has  been  live  stock  commissioner  for  the 
Chicago  Stock  Exchange.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
National  Agricultural  Society  (president  1918-20), 
the  American  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agri- 
cultural Science,  American  Society  of  Animal  Pro- 
duction, and  the  Saddle  and  Sirloin,  and  Ridge 
Country  clubs,  of  Chicago.  He  is  author  of 
"Profitable  Stock  Feeding"  (1905),  giving  the 
results  of  his  investigations  in  cattle  feeding  to 
determine  the  value  of  foods  in  beef  production; 
"Cattle  for  the  Northwest ' '  (1917).  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  golf,  tennis  and  riding.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  Republican,  and  he  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Congregational  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried Apr.  3,  1912,  to  Hazel  Ruth,  daughter  of 
Fred  L.  Neu,  a  farmer  of  Arnold,  Neb.,  and  has 
two  children :  Oenevieve  Louie,  and  Frederick  Hart 
Smith. 

WALKER,  Edward  Franklin,  clergyman,  was 
born  at  Steubenville,  O.,  Jan.  20,  1852,  son  of  Ben- 
jamin Franklin  and  Elizabeth  (Tredway)  Walker. 
When  eleven  years  of  age,  he  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  California.  About  1872  he  entered  the  "Uni- 
versity of  the  Pacific,  at  Santa  Clara,  to  prepare 
for  the  ministry,  afterward  going  to  Santa  Cruz 
as  a  supply  minister.  From  there  he  went  to  San 
Francisco,  where  he  was  united  with  the  Presby- 
terian church.  He  was  then  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Third  Congregational  Church,  going  thence 
to  Virginia  City,  Nev.  Feeling  the  need  of  further 
preparation  for  his  life  work,  he  moved  to  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.,  where  he  entered  the  Western  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  at  the  same  time  serving  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Glenfield  Presbyterian  church.  After 
remaining  at  the  seminary  for  two  years,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Martin's  Ferry,  O.,  and  continued  there  for  four 
years.  Following  several  pastorates,  he  entered 
the  field  as  a  holiness  evangelist,  being  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  modern  holiness  movement.  After 
making  his  home  for  a  time  at  Greencastle, 
Ind.,  and  at  San  Dimas,  Calif.,  in  1912  he  removed 
to  his  new  home,  Shelternook,  near  Glendora, 
Calif.,  and  1908  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Pentecostal  Church  of  the  Nazarene  and  editor  of 
the  "Pentecostal  Bible  Teacher,"  for  which 
periodical  he  furnished  the  commentary.  He 
served  as  pastor  of  First  Church,  Pasadena,  Calif., 
and  of  First  Church,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.  At  the 
general  assembly  of  1911,  held  in  Nashville,  Tenn., 
he  was  elected  general  superintendent  and  held 
that  office  until  his  death,  being  re-elected  at  the 
general  assembly  held  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  in  1915, 
and  in  1914,  by  designation  of  the  general  assem- 
bly, he  made  a  fraternal  visit  to  the  Pentecostal 
Church  of  Scotland.  Thereafter  he  served  for  a 
time  as  president  of  Olivet  University,  then 
returned  to  his  home  in  California  and  busied  him- 
self with  his  duties  as  general  superintendent  and 
editor  of  the  "Pentecostal  Bible  Teacher."  At 
a  time  of  special  trial  and  need  he  became  presi- 
dent of  Xazarene  University  and  so  continued 
until  the  close  of  his  life.  Dr.  Walker  was 
scholarly,  refined  and  zealous;  was  simple  in  his 
tastes  and  affections,  artless  and  candid,  and 
characterized  by  great  humility  and  unrelaxing 
fidelity  to  Christ.  He  was  wholly  free  from 
worldliness;  was  a  loyal  friend  and  a  true 
Christian.  He  was  married,  April  6,  1875,  to 
Eliza  A.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Bennett;  the  chil- 


dren of  this  union  are:  Edith,  wife  of  Curtis  J. 
Frank,  of  Ontario,  Calif.;  Edward  Bennett,  of 
Covina,  Calif.;  Mabel,  wife  of  Arthur  Lee  Ward; 
Bertha  Bennett,  wife  of  James  M.  Ezell,  of 
Klamath  Falls,  O.;  John  Paul,  of  Los  Angeles, 
Calif.;  Stanley  Boyd,  of  Coalinga,  Calif.,  and 
Philip  Walker,  of  Glendora.  Dr.  Walker  died  at 
Shelternook,  Glendora,  Calif.,  May  6,  1918. 

TOMLINSON,  Thomas  Henry,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Roadstown,  N.  J.,  Sept.  26, 
1836,  son  of  George  and  Phebe  (Mulford)  Tomlin- 
son.  His  father,  sister  and  brother  were  physi- 
cians. He  received  his  preliminary  education  at 
Union  Academy,  was  graduated  at  Bucknell  Col- 
lege, Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  was  graduated  M.D.  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  Medical  College  in 
1859.  In  the  latter  year  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Shiloh,  N.  J.,  removing  to  Plain- 
field,  N.  J.,  in  1870,  and  at  his  death  was  dean  of 
Plainfield  physicians.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
original  staff  of  Muehlenberg  Hospital,  Plainfield. 
He  held  membership  in  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society,  Union 
County  Medical  Society,  Plainfield  Medical  Society, 
and  Plainfield  Clinical  Society,  and  attended  the 
Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried (I)  in  1S59,  .to  Cornelia  M.,  daughter  of  Wal- 
ter B.  Gillette,  a  clergyman  of  Stuloh,  N.  J.  She 
died  in  1S64,  and  he  was  married  (II)  at  New 
Market,  N.  J.,  Dec.  29,  1868,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter 
of  David  Bond  Davis,  a  merchant,  of  Plainfield, 
N.  J.  He  left  one  child  by  the  first  union,  May 
C.,  and  by  the  second:  Mineola,  Edward,  Mulford, 
a  merchant  of  Plainfield,  ami  Dr.  Holland  Davis 
Tomlinsou,  the  last  an  ear,  nose  and  throat  special- 
ist of  New  York  city.  Dr.  Tomlinson  died  at 
Plainfield,  June  22,  1919. 

d'AUTHEMONT,  Charles,  Jr.,  lawyer  and 
mining  operator,  was  born  at  Angelica,  N.  Y.,  June 
2,  1851,  son  of  Charles  and  Sarah  (Collins) 
d'Autremont.  The  d'Autremont  family  was  of 
Lorraine  and  its  arms  are  quartered  with  the  arms 
of  the  house  of  that  name.  Before  the  French 
revolution  that  branch  from  which  Charles  d  'Au- 
tremont  was  descended  lived  in  Paris,  and  there 
Hubert  d'Autremont,  great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, perished  in  the  French  Revolution.  His 
widow,  taking  her  three  sons,  Louis  Paul,  Alex- 
ander and  Augustus,  fled  to  America  and  settled 
in  the  Susquehanna  valley,  Pa.,  where,  with  other 
French  refugees  they  founded  the  town  Asylum. 
Early  in  the  eighteenth  century  Alexander  d'Au- 
tremout,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  moved  from 
Pennsylvania  to  Angelica,  N.  Y.  Charles  d'Autre- 
mont was  educated  at  Angelica  Academy,  Cornell 
University  and  the  Lausanne  University,  Lau- 
sanne, Switzerland,  and  was  graduated  LL.B.  at 
Columbia  Law  School  in  1S75.  He  moved  to 
Elmira,  N.  Y'.,  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Hart 
&  McGuire.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Duluth,  Minn., 
where  he  attained  such  prominence  at  the  bar  that 
two  years  after  his  arrival  he  was  elected  county 
attorney,  having  the  distinction  of  being  the  only 
Democrat  elected  to  that  olnce  in  St.  Louis  county. 
Mr.  d  'Autremont  's  early  legal  practice  included 
important  land  office  cases;  the  more  notable 
eases  were  carried  to  the  U.  S.  supreme  court.  In 
1888  he  was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for  at- 
torney-general of  Minnesota;  four  years  later  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Duluth  and  in  his  adminis- 
tration of  the  city  affairs  stopped  the  gambling 
and  closed  the  saloons  on  Sunday.  In  1896  he  was 
on  the  Democratic  electoral  ticket,  and  in  1902  was 
a  delegate  from  Minnesota  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention.  Thereafter  he  was  a  member 


HOWARD  R.  SMITH 
LIVESTOCK  AUTHORITY 


EDWARD  F.  WALKER 
CLERGYMAN 


THOMAS  H.  TOMLINSOX 
PHYSICIAN 


CHARLES  D'AUTREMONT 
LAWYER 


4 


1  II  i:   \A1  1<>\  \[.  CY<  LoPEDlA  Or  AMERICAN    BKx.KAI  11  Y 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  37 

of  the  state   central  committee   and   later   of  the  tin-Latour,     Puvis    de    Chavennes,    Besnard    and 

state  executive  committee.     In  1892  he  turned  his  Lucien   Simon,   among  the  French;    and  Winslow 

attention   to    the   iron    development    in    the    early  Homer,  Whistler  and  John  La  Farge,  among  the 

days    of    the    Mesaba    range,    and   in   partnership  Americans.     Mr.  Field 's  work  shows  a  rare  versa- 

with    James    Sheridan    located    and    explored    the  tility  of  subject  and  style.     He  is  equally  at  ease 

Sheridan  mine.     Subsequently  they  located  and  ex-  in  portraiture,  in  marine  and  in  landscape  paint- 

plored  the  d'Autremont  mine,  and  still  later  the  ing.      An    artist    of    imagination,    he    allows    his 

Foster  mine.     In  1900  Mr.  d'Autremont  turned  his  trained   instincts  to   guide   him   in   his   choice   of 

attention   from   iron   to    copper,   and   with   others  subject  and  treatment:   he  is  an  ardent  lover  of 

organized  the  Lake  Superior  &  Western  Develop-  nature,   whose   various  moods   he   readily   catches, 

ment  Co.,  which  was  subsequently  bought  out  by  and,   with   facile   brush,   interprets  with   a  subtle 

the  Calumet  &  Arizona  Mining  Co.     As  one  of  the  charm.     His  landscapes  and  seacoasts  and  marines 

organizers  of  the  Lake  Superior  &  Western  Develop-  are  refreshingly  sincere.     In  many  of  his  pictures 

ment   Co.,   Mr.   d'Autremont  was  a   large  partici-  he   uses  the  palette   knife   instead   of   the   brush, 

pator    in    the   wonderful    development    of   mineral  aiming  at  vitality  of   drawing  and  color,   rather 

wealth    that    followed   and   became   a   conspicuous  than  superficial  accuracy.     An  experimentalist  in 

figure  in  mining  industries.     He  was  interested  in  methods,  he  shirks  no  difficulty,  and  succeeds  best 

mining  enterprises  in  various  parts  of  the  United  when  he  sets  himself  the  most  difficult  tasks.     His 

States,  Mexico  and   British  Columbia,  but  in  the  portrait  work,  the  best  representations   of  which 

latter  years  of  hia  life  retired  from  active  partici-  are  those  of  Archbishop   Seton,   Robert  Laurent, 

pation  in   the  affairs  of  many  of  the  companies.  Dr.  Charles  F.  Judson,  Mrs.  Albert  Rhett,  Louis 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the  How,  Rev.  John  M.  Worrall,   Mrs.   John   Brandt, 

Angelica  Mining  Development  Co.  of  Wicks,  Mont.,  and  Prof.  Franklin  W.  Hooper,  are  especially  in- 

and  a  director  in  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  Mining  teresting  for  their  sympathetic  insight  and  revela- 

Co.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Commercial,  Kitchi  tion    of    character    and    individuality;     and    are 

Gammi,  Duluth  Boat,  Duluth  Yacht,  Duluth  Curl-  painted   in    a   conscientious,    simple    yet    vigorous 

ing  and  the  Northland  Country  clubs,  Duluth.    An  manner,  devoid  of  trick  or  mere  cleverness.     Mr. 

enthusiastic  sportsman,  he  was  devoted  to  rod  and  Field  first  exhibited  at  the  Societe  Nationale  des 

gun,  and  was  also  fond  of  travel.     Mr.  d  'Autre-  Beaux  Arts  in  1899,  where  he  showed  four  of  his 

mont  was  a  man  of  strong  personality.     His  integ-  landscapes.     In  association  with  his  pupil,  Robert 

rity  was  unimpeachable,  his  honesty  "beyond  ques-  Laurent,  a  woodcarver,  he  has  given  several  joint 

tion.     Sympathetic,   extremely  generous,   patriotic  exhibitions   in    New   York   and   Brooklyn,   but    of 

and  democratic,  he  was  also  utterly  devoid  of  fear  late  years  he  has  not  sent  to  the  public  exhibi- 

of  any  kind.     He  loved  his  home  and  family  life,  tions   because   he   does   not   believe   in   "the   jury 

was  staunch  and  loyal  in  his  friendships,  while  his  system."      In    1910    he    founded    the    Thurnscoe 

genial  nature  endeared  him  to  all  who  came  within  School  of  Modern  Art  at   Ogunquit,  Me.,  and  in 

the  radius  of  his  influence.     He  was  an  extensive  1915  he  established  the  Ardsley  School  of  Modern 

reader   and   a   collector   of   works   of   art   and   of  Art  in  Brooklyn.     His  aim  is  to  give  each  pupil 

books,  having  in  his  possession  at  the  time  of  his  the   means   of   self-expression,   realizing   that    the 

death   a   large   and   interesting   library.     He   was  teacher's  highest  office  is,  first  of  all,  to  discover 

married,   Apr.    22,    1SSO,   to   Hattie,    daughter    of  wherein  lies  the  pupil's  talent,  and  then  to  lead 

Erastus  Parmalee  Hart  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  had  him  out  along  the  lines  of  his  own  individuality, 

five    children:    Louis    Paul;    Antoinette,    wife    of  giving  the  constant  charm  of   diversity  and  per- 

Oliver  S.  Andresen  of  Duluth:    Marie  Genevieve,  sonality  to  the  work  of  the  growing  artist  in  his 

wife  of  Alex  Le  Roy  Gerry  of  Kibbling,  Minn.;  test  expression  of  himself,  rather  than  becoming 

Charles  Maurice  of  Wicks,  Mont.,  and  Hubert  H.  a.  mere  copyist  of  others.     The  Thurnscoe  School 

d'Autremont    of    Duluth.      He    died   in    Angelica,  is  located  on  the  banks  of  Perkins'  Cove,  a  rock- 

N.  Y.,  Jiune  25,  1919.  bound  bay  at   the   head   of  which   is   the   fishing 

FIELD,    Hamilton    Easter,    artist,   was   born  village  which  has  featured  so  prominently  in  the 

in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  21,  1873,  son  of  Aaron  work    of    the    Orgunquit    artists.     The    Thurnscoe 

and  Lydia  Seaman    (Haviland)    Field.     His  first  Club,   with   studios   and   broad   piazzas   and   with 

American   ancestor   was  Robert   Field,  who   came  grounds  running  down  to  the  ocean,  has  recently 

from   York,   England,   to   Massachusetts   in    1630,  been  opened  for  the   complete  accommodation   of 

and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  students    of    the    Thurnscoe    School.      He    has    a 

Anthony   and   his   wife,   Susanna  -           — ,   their  studio  apartment,  also,  at  33  Via  Margutta,  Rome, 

son  Benjamin  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Bowne;  their  Italy.     Mr.  Field  is  well  known  as  an  art  expert 

son   Robert  and   his   wife,   Abigail   Sutton;    their  and   has   written   for  the  magazines,   particularly 

son  Uriah  and  his  wife,  Mary  Quinby;   their  sou  for  "The   Burlington."     A   close   student   of   the 

Aaron  and  his  wife,  Jane  Haviland;  and  their  son  science  of  painting,  he  published  the  result  of  his 

Richard  and  his  wife,  Deborah  Merritt,  who  were  inquiries    (1913)    under   the  title   of   "The   Tech- 

the  grandparents  of  our  subject,     Among  his  an-  nique  of  Oil  Painting  and  Other  Essays.'       Mr. 

cestors  also  was  Gov.   John  Winthrop   of   Massa-  Field  is  a  life  member  of  the  Museum  of  French 

chusetts.     He  was  educated  at  the  Friends'  School  Art;   a  member  of  the  China  Society,  the  Japan 

and  Polytechnic  Institute,  Brooklyn;   at  Columbia  Society,    the    Salamagundi    Club    and    the    Long 

and  Harvard  universities,  and  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Island    Historical    Society.      His    favorite    recrea- 

Arts,  Paris,  where  he  studied  under  Gerome.     He  tions  are  golf  and  tennis.     He  is  unmarried, 

also  studied  under  Raphael  Collin,  Gustave  Cour-  JACKSON,  Franklyn  John,  soldier,  was  bom 

tois,   Fantin-Latour   and   Lucien   Simon,   learning,  in  Brooklyn,   X.   Y.,  May  14,   1895,   son  of  John 

through  his  close  association  with  these  artists,  the  Henry  and  Elizabeth   (Schlusser)  Jackson.     After 

value  of  originality  and  simple,  direct  work.     It  a   public   school  education  he  completed   an  engi- 

was  in  Paris  that  Mr.  Field  began  his  collection  of  neering  course  at  New  York  University  in   1916. 

Japanese  prints  and  other  works  of  art.   Returning  He  began  business  life  in  the  Brooklyn  office  of 

to  America  in  1902,  he  opened  a  studio  in  Brook-  the  Royal  Insurance  Co.,  and  shortly  afterward  be- 

lyn.     His  art  collection  includes  works  by  Frago-  came  connected  with  the  G.   H.   Jackson  Co.,   in- 

nard,  Decamps,  Millet,  C'orot,  Diaz,  Rousseau,  Fan-  surance  brokers,  as  manager  of  a  department  and 


38 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


engineer.  Iri  April,  1916,  he  enlisted  in  the  1st 
cavalry,  N.  Y.  N.  G.,  served  on  the  Mexican  bor- 
der after  being  mustered  out  upon  the  return  of 
his  regiment,  enlisted  in  the  14th  N.  Y.  N.  G.,  just 
prior  to  the  declaration  of  war  with  Germany.  He 
was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant  of  the  14th  (later 
merged  into  the  106th  infantry  regiment  at  Spar- 
tanhurg),  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  and  left 
with  his  regiment  for  France  in  May,  1918.  As 
commander  of  the  Stokes  trench  mortar  platoon 
he  was  on  the  firing  line  in  the  Dickiebusch  sector 
of  the  Ypres  salient  on  the  Hindenburg  line. 
He  was  awarded  the  Distinguished  Service  Cross 
' '  for  extraordinary  heroism  in  action. ' '  Twice  he 
volunteered  to  go  forward  under  heavy  shell  and 
machine  gun  fire  on  a  personal  reconnaissance. 
While  gallantly  and  courageously  engaged  in  the 
second  reconnaissance  he  exposed  himself  to  the 
Germans  so  that  two  companions  might  re- 
turn to  their  company,  and  was  killed.  Lieut. 
Jackson  was  an  athlete  of  exceptional  excellence, 
particularly  as  a  football  player,  and  was  reputed 
to  have  been  the  best  player  at  the  position  of 
centre  for  two  successive  years.  He  was  of  a 
determined  nature,  with  a  strong  regard  for  the 
right,  yet  extremely  modest.  He  was  unmarried 
and  died  at  Roussoy,  France,  Sept.  29,  1918. 

CAPSTICK,  John  Henry,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1856,  sou  of 
.John  and  Mary  Ann  (Holmes)  C'apstick.  Johu 
H.  Capstick  attended  the  public  schools  of  Law- 
rence until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age;  then  be- 
came a  resident  of  Providence,  E.  I.,  and  at- 
tended the  Morey  &  Goff  Business  College,  subse- 
quently entering  the  dyeing  and  printing  ousiness 
in  Boston,  Mass.  In  18S3  he  established  himself 
in  business  in  Montville,  N.  J.,  under  the  firm 
name  of  John  Capstick  &  Sons,  but  retired  from 
active  business  in  1908.  For  more  than  twenty 
years  Mr.  Capstick  was  prominently  identified  with 
public  life  in  Morris  county,  and  took  also  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  local  affairs  in  the  town  of  Mont- 
ville from  the  time  that  he  first  settled  in  that 
place.  From  1906  to  1908  he  served  on  the  New 
Jersey  State  Sewage  Board.  In  1908  he  was  ap- 
pointed president  of  the  New  Jersey  Health  Board 
and  served  until  1914.  He  was  elected  to  congress 
on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1914,  receiving  16,951 
votes,  to  15,718  for  William  Tuttle,  Jr.,  Democrat; 
2,218  for  George  W.  V.  Moy,  Progressive  Repub- 
lican; 1,854  for  John  A.  Seeholzer,  Socialist;  and 
368  for  Eugene  A.  Smith,  National  Prohibitionist. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1916  and  served  until  the 
autumn  of  1917,  when  his  health  declined.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  banking  and  currency  com- 
mittee, and  the  claims  committee.  From  1911  to 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
Morristown  Trust  Co.,  and  a  director  of  other 
corporations;  president  of  John  Capstick  &  Son, 
the  Montville,  Conn.,  Consolidated  Realty  Co. ; 
president  Columbia  Print  Works  and  Globe  Print 
Works;  one  of  the  founders  and  for  thirteen  years 
president  of  the  Boonton  National  Bank.  Mr. 
C'apstick  was  strong  and  intensely  energetic 
in  character.  His  charities  were  numerous. 
Xo  one  less  fortunate  than  himself  was  ever 
turned  away  from  him  without  help.  He 
was  a  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  Elk«, 
member  also  of  the  Morristown  Golf,  Moun- 
tain Lake,  Rockaway  River,  Morristmvn  Washing- 
ton Association  Clubs,  and  Joseph  Webb  Lodge  of 
Boston.  He  was  broken-hearted  when  his  only 
daughter  died  in  1900  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and 
devoted  the  rest  of  his  life  to  the  comforts  of  his 
wife.  Mr.  Capstick  was  married  May  1,  1880, 


to  Ella  F.,  daughter  of  William  W.  Blake,  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  died  in  Montville,  N.  J.  Mar. 
17,  lllis. 

KENDALL,  Joseph  Button,  real  estate  and 
investment  banker  and  insurance  executive,  was 
born  at  Honey  Grove,  Texas,  May  19,  1884,  son  of 
Joel  Sutton  and  Lorena  (Woodson)  Kendall.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Georgia,  was,  for  a  number  of 
years,  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in 
Texas,  and  a  leader  in  educational  affairs  in  that 
state.  The  son  received  his  education  in  Texas, 
and  entered  the  real  estate  and  investment  hank- 
ing business  in  Dallas,  Tex.,  continuing  that  rela- 
tion until  October,  1918,  when  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Missouri  State  Life  Insurance 
Co.,  of  St.  Louis;  thereafter  he  made  his  resi- 
dence in  St.  Louis.  This  post  he  retained  until 
his  death.  During  his  brief  period  as  chief  ex- 
ecutive of  this  company  he  made  and  planned  for 
it  many  improvements.  The  confidence  and  en- 
thusiastic friendship  of  all  who  knew  him  paid 
tribute  to  the  courage,  the  optimism  and  the 
generous  and  bouyant  activity  that  made  up  his 
vivid  personality  and  his  inspiring  example.  As 
a  very  young  boy  he  began  various  small  business 
enterprises;  these  were  always  successful.  When- 
ever outside  capital  was  needed,  he  easily  secured 
it  on  his  reputation  for  industry  and  accomplish- 
ment. He  never  found  pleasure  in  the  mere  pos- 
session of  money.  He  worked  for  the  exhilaration 
of  achievement,  and  the  money  he  made  was  al- 
ways shared  with  others  to  the  extreme  limit  of 
liberality.  Every  enterprise  that  meant  growth 
for  his  town  and  state  received  his  active  supj>ort 
and  financial  backing.  In  the  securing  of  great 
buildings  or  helpful  business  expansion  for  Dallas, 
he  was  always  a  prominent  factor.  His  greatest 
achievement  in  organization  was  as  chairman  for 
Dallas  county  of  the  4th  Liberty  Loan.  The  plan 
he  conceived  was  so  effective  in  every  detail  that 
his  district  over-subscribed  its  quota  in  amount 
and  time,  unequalled  in  any  other  part  of  the 
country.  Eighty  per  cent  of  the  fund  was  raised 
within  two  hours  after  the  campaign  was  begun, 
and  the  remainder  was  completed  within  three 
days.  Mr.  Kendall  gave  himself  and  his  genius 
to  his  country  with  such  generous  enthusiasm  that 
he  hp.d  a  physical  breakdown,  from  which  he  never 
recovered.  His  early  death  was  a  loss  to  his 
country  and  his  generation.  The  summing  up  of 
his  genius  can  be  given  in  the  words  ' '  con- 
structive energy."  Wherever  he  lived  the  results 
of  his  work  were  immediately  evident  in  the  busi- 
ness of  his  community.  Civic  growth  and  im- 
provement gave  tangible  testimony  of  his  efforts. 
He  was  a  member  of  Trinity  Rod  and  Gun,  Dallas 
Golf  and  Country,  Dallas  and  City  cluhs  of  Dal- 
las; Houston  and  Houston  Country  clubs,  of 
Houston,  Tex. ;  and  St.  Louis,  Racquet,  Noonday 
and  Sunset  Hill  Country  clubs,  of  St.  Louis.  His 
favorite  diversions  were  golf  and  hunting.  He 
was  married  at  Honey  Grove,  Tex.,  Oct.  18,  1904, 
to  Bess,  daughter  of  Benjamin  O.  Walcott,  a 
banker,  of  Honey  Grove;  there  were  three  chil- 
dren of  this  marriage:  Joseph  Sutton,  Jr.,  Wil- 
liam Walcott,  and  Janet  Kendall.  He  died,  in 
New  York  city,  Feb.  13,  1919. 

SCULLY,  James  Wall,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Kilkenny,  Ireland,  Feb.  19,  183S,  son  of  Thomas 
Sadlier  and  Eleanor  Cairns  (Wall)  Scully,  and 
came  with  them  to  America  in  1840,  locating  first 
in  Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  and  subsequently  settling 
at  Galatin,  Tenn.  His  father  was  a  surveyor  and 
civil  engineer.  The  son  returned  to  Ireland  to  re- 
ceive his  preliminary  education  at  St.  Kiernan  's 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


39 


College,  Kilkenny,  where  he  was  a  student  during 
1848-51.  Later  he  studied  surveying  under  the 
preceptorship  of  his  fathei.  He  entered  the  U.  S. 
army  in  1856,  serving  for  five  years  as  private,  cor- 
poral and  sergeant  in  <'o.  K,  1st  artillery,  fighting 
various  battles  with  the  Indians  on  the  plains.  He 
was  aide  to  Andrew  Johnson  when  the  latter  was 
governor  of  Tennessee,  and  also  when  he  became 
president  of  the  United  States.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  he  been  me  1st  lieutenant  and  regi- 
mental quartermaster  in  the  10th  regiment,  Ten- 
nessee volunteer  infantry,  a  regiment  of  East  Ten- 
nesseans  with  Federal  sympathies.  He  was  pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel  in  lsfi."),  colonel  in  1864, 
and  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service  in  1865.  He  was  brevetted  major  for  gal- 
lantry in  action  at  Mill  Spring,  Ky.;  lieutenant- 
colonel  for  Shiloh,  and  colonel  for  Nashville,  and 
he  hail  served  as  aide  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Thomas. 
He  retired  to  the  regular  army  in  September,  1865, 
as  captain  and  acting  quartermaster;  was  pro- 
moted major  and  quartermaster  in  188.1;  lieuten- 
ant-colonel and  deputy  quartermaster-general  in 
1894;  colonel  and  acting  quartermaster-general  in 
1898 ;  retired  at  his  own  request  in  1900,  and  ad- 
vanced to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  retired  by 
the  act  of  1904.  Much  of  his  later  service  was 
against  the  Indians  in  the  northwest,  and  as  quar- 
termaster at  the  time  of  the  Custer  massacre  in  !>>7ii 
he  fitted  out  the  members  of  that  valiant  band.  In 
1882  he  served  in  the  campaign  against  Geronimo. 
At  one  time  he  was  trapped  in  an  Arizona  village; 
he  called  out  the  civilian  population,  armed  the 
men,  and  held  off  the  Indians  until  the  arrival  of 
reinforcements.  During  the  Spanish-American  war 
he  was  in  command  of  the  transport  service  to 
Cuba.  He  had  been  stationed  at  Atlanta  as  quar- 
termaster during  1889-93,  and  upon  his  retirement 
he.  took  up  his  residence  in  that  city.  The  United 
States  senate  passed  unanimously  an  act  advanc- 
ing him  to  the  rank  of  major-general,  retired,  but 
this  was  not  conferred  on  him,  because  of  his  sud- 
den death.  He  was  a  companion  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  a  past  department  eoni- 
mander  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and 
member  also  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, Capitol  City  Club,  Atlanta,  and  Pickwick 
Club,  New  Orleans.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  astronomy  and  in  writing  articles  for  pa- 
pers and  journals  and  collecting  historical  data. 
He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Catholic  church,  and 
his  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic 
party.  The  personality  of  Gen.  Scully  was  most 
unique  and  lovable.  He  was  married  in  Balti- 
more, Mil.,  July  12,  1862,  to  Mary  Adelaide,  daugh- 
ter of  Michael  Cuddy,  a  contractor,  of  Baltimore: 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Margherita 
Vincent  Arline,  Isabella,  and  James  W.  Scully,  Jr., 
the  latter  with  the  A.  E.  F.  in  France  during  the 
European  war.  He  died  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  June  1, 
1918. 

HIVELY,  John  Lewis,  osteopath  and  chiro- 
practor, was  born  on  a  farm  in  Elkhart  county, 
Ind..  Feb.  4,  1866,  son  of  Peter  Schriner  arid 
Elizabeth  Hubbman  (Cowan)  Hively,  of  German 
and  Scotch  origin.  He  received  his  general  educa- 
tion at  the  public  schools  and  afterward  took  a 
course  in  a  business  college  at  Elkhart.  Subse- 
quently he  spent  a  number  of  years  in  the  railroad 
business  for  which  he  had  contracted  an  early 
liking,  and  in  1901  he  was  graduated  at  the 
American  School  of  Osteopathy  at  Kirksville,  Mo., 
with  the  degree  of  D.O.  Later  he  took  up  the 
science  of  chiropractic  at  Davenport,  Ta.,  studying 
under  the  founder,  D.  D.  Palmer.  He  also  com- 


pleted the  Palmer-Gregory  course,  taking  the 
work  of  Dr.  Alma  A.  Gregory  of  Oklahoma  City. 
In  the  meantime  he  took  a  course  of  dissection 
under  Harris  E.  Sartee,  professor  of  anatomy  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Medical 
Department,  University  of  Illinois,  and  professor 
of  anatomy  in  Jenner  Medical  College,  Chicago. 
Osteopathy  and  chiropractic  consist  in  the  adjust- 
ment of  all  subluxations  of  the  articular  joints  in 
tln>  human  framework,  especially  the  vertebrae. 
The  adjustment  frees  the  impinged  nerves  leading 
from  the  intervertebral  foramina.  The  pressure 
on  these  nerves  when  not  relieved  causes  disease 
and  loss  of  function  of  the  parts  ap;-l:".l  by  these 
weakened  nerves.  Dr.  Hively  himself  has  con- 
tributed very  much  to  the  advancement  of  drug- 
less  healing  by  methods  he  has  worked  out,  espe- 
cially in  cases  of  asthma,  Bright 's  disease  and 
goitre.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
at  Idaho  Springs,  Colo.,  where  he  was  me  lical  ex- 
aminer of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 
After  practicing  for  a  year  at  Idaho  Springs  he 
located  at  Denver.  Strength  of  mind  and  body, 
power  of  concentration  and  general  ability  have 

1 11   distinguishing   factors  in  his  success.     Since 

1907  he  has  practised  in  Chicago  where  the  sphere 
of  his  work  and  influence  have  continuously 
widened.  Personally,  Dr.  Hively  is  characterized 
by  a  frankness  and  sympathy  which  draw  close  to 
him  all  those  who  come  into  contact  with  him. 
He  has  a  peculiar  power  of  bringing  out  the  best 
in  others  and  to  those  whom  the  charm  of  his  per- 
sonality draws  into  bonds  of  friendship  with  him, 
he  is  greatly  helpful  and  undeviatingly  loyal.  Dr. 
Hively  is  a  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Indepen- 
dent Order  of  Odd  Fellows  and  the  Chicago  Asso- 
ciation of  Commerce.  He  was  married  in  1892,  to 
Ruth,  daughter  of  Elmer  S.  Hart  of  Elkhart,  In  I. 
SPROTTLE,  Andrew,  merchant  and  financier, 
was  born  at  Broomfield,  Province  of  Ulster,  Ire- 
land, May  21,  1831,  son  of  Andrew  and  Jane 
Sproule.  He  was  educated  at  Rev.  Charles  Al- 
len's school  in  Strabane.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 
came  to  America  and  settled  at  Danville,  Pa., 
where  he  entered  the  dry  goods  business.  In  1855 
he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  became  a  book- 
keeper in  the  wholesale  dry  goods  house  of  Samuel 
C.  Davis  &  Co.  His  remarkable  capacity  for  af- 
fairs early  won  its  reward  and  within  a  very  few 
years  he  became  a  partner.  Possessing  unusual 
foresight,  in  connection  with  his  acknowledged 
ability,  he  made  the  most  of  his  opportunities  and 
became  associated  with  numerous  profitable  in- 
dustrial and  financial  ventures  which  enabled  him 
to  retire  from  active  business  cares  in  1896.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  Evans  &  Howard  Fire 
Brick  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the  Title  Guarantee 
Trust  Co.  and  of  the  Taney  Co.,  a  lumber  and 
mining  concern.  He  was  a  member  and  trustee 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  of  St.  Louis, 
and  a  member  of  the  St.  Louis  Country  Club.  A 
man  widely  known  and  revered  for  the  breadth 
of  his  knowledge,  the  nobility  of  his  nature,  and 
the  distinguished  service  he  had  rendered  the  city 
of  St.  Louis  in  its  fight  for  commercial  supre- 
macy, his  practical  sagacity  and  resolute  will 
made  him  a  signal  force  in  the  community.  His 
fine  personal  traits  were  emphasized  by  his  fidelity 
to  all  trusts,  his  high  sense  of  honor,  his  friend'- 
liness  toward  his  fellow-men,  and  his  quiet  per- 
severance. By  one  who  knew  him  well  it  was 
said  that  "as  an  official,  ne  was  always  wise 
firmly  principled,  gently  assertive,  never  compro- 
mising, and  highly  honored  by  all  of  his  asso- 
ciates." No  man  ever  evinced  a  more  thorough 


40 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


understanding  of  the  duties  of  citizenship  or 
followed  more  closely  the  teachings  of  the  golden 
rule.  St.  Louis  owes  much  to  his  public  spirit- 
edness,  while  his  intimate  friends  count  themselves 
fortunate  to  have  known  a  man  such  as  he,  whose 
career  may  be  regarded  with  pardonable  pride. 
Always  interested  in  public  affairs,  he  never  sought 
political  preferment,  but  his  lofty  standard  of 
business  honor  and  integrity,  his  sound  judgment 
and  unfailing  common  sense  were  so  recognized 
that  he  was  called  upon  to  fill  various  positions 
of  much  responsibility.  His  clear  mind  was  never 
blinded  by  prejudice  or  untoward  prepossessions, 
but  after  patient  study  he  was  prepared  to  act 
energetically  and  to  inspire  others  with  his  own 
confidence.  He  was  married  first  at  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  to  Florinda  J.,  daughter  of  Matthew  Moody; 
second,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  Martha  E.,  daughter 
of  R.  J.  Howard,  who  survived  him.  His  chil- 
dren were:  Annie  J.,  wife  of  S.  C.  Ross;  Eliza 
S.,  Emily  M.,  Laura,  wife  of  E.  K.  Love,  and 
Martha,  wife  of  Daniel  H.  Clark.  Mr.  Sproule 
died  at  Rehoboth  Beach,  Del.,  July  12,  1912. 

GKEENEBATTM,  Elias,  banker,  was  born  in 
Eppelsheim,  Germany,  June  24,  1822,  son  of  Jacob 
and  Sarah  (Herz)  Greeuebaum.  He  was  educated 
at  Alzei,  Germany,  and  began  his  business  career 
at  Edesheim,  Germany.  In  1847  he  came  to  Am- 
erica, landing  at  New  York  city,  but  did  not  stay 
there  long.  When  he  left  Germany,  Mr.  Greene- 
baurn  knew  French  but  no  English;  on  the  boat 
coming  over  he  met  a  man  who  spoke  English  and 
French,  and  he  undertook  to  teach  the  man  Ger- 
man in  return  for  English.  When  their  ship, 
which  took  thirty-five  days  to  make  the  trip  over 
the.  Atlantic,  arrived  in  New  York,  Mr.  Greene- 
baum  knew  English,  and  his  teacher  knew  Ger- 
man. After  a  short  stay  in  New  York  Mr.  Grene- 
baum  went  to  Ohio  where  he  got  a  position  selling 
dry  goods  at  six  dollars  a  month.  At  the  end  of 
four  months  his  employer  owed  him  twenty-four 
dollars,  but  had  no  money  with  which  to  pay. 
Greenebaum  took  his  pay  in  stock  from  the  store, 
and  started  west,  selling  his  goods  on  the  way 
in  the  state  of  Ohio.  In  1848  he  located  nt  the 
then  promising  little  city  of  Chicago,  having  been 
compelled  to  remain  in  Ohio  until  the  opening  of 
navigation  in  the  spring  of  1848,  there  being  no 
railroad  running  to  Chicago  from  Ohio  at  that 
time.  There  he  obtained  emplo3-ment  in  the  dry 
goods  store  of  Francis  Clark  and  continued  in  that 
line  until  1851,  making  hosts  of  friends.  From 
ISol  to  ls5o  he  was  employed  in  Swift's  bank  in 
Chicago.  In  LS"i.3  he  decided  to  go  in  the  banking 
business  and  with  his  brother,  Henry,  started  in  a 
small  way  the  bank  which  is  today  known  as 
Greenebaum  Son  Bank  &  Trust  Company.  The 
bank  was  built  up  by  Elias  Greenebaum  and  his 
sons  until  today  it  is  one  of  the  leading  banking 
institutions  of  Chicago.  Its  success  was  founded 
on  its  helpfulness  to  the  community.  From  the 
start  it  was  run  on  a  give  and  take  system — the 
bankers  helped  their  customers,  and  the  customers 
helped  them.  Elias  Greenebaum  had  won  a  large 
circle  of  friends,  while  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
business,  and  these  now  came  to  him  for  counsel 
in  their  financial  affairs.  He  gave  it  freely  and 
showed  his  customers  how  to  save.  He  aided  many 
business  men  on  the  point  of  bankruptcy,  in  the 
belief  that  every  man  whom  he  kept  from  failure 
or  foreclosure  was  so  much  added  to  the  happiness 
and  security  of  the  community.  The  success  of 
his  bank  proved  that  banking  done  on  that  basis 
has  a  firm  foundation.  The  Greenebaum  bank  has 
been  conducted  by  three  generations  of  the  family. 


It  has  been  in  operation  for  sixty-four  years,  and 
man}'  of  Chicago 's  most  important  bond  issues 
have  been  floated  through  it.  It  was  conducted  as 
a  private  bank  until  1911  when  it  was  incorpor- 
ated as  a  state  bank  under  the  title  which  it  non- 
bears,  Grenebaum  Sous  Bank  &  Trust  Company. 
During  his  active  years  Mr.  Greenebaum  was 
identified  with  many  civic  and  charitable  organi- 
zations. He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  business  men 
of  Chicago,  and  by  his  successful,  upright  and 
helpful  life  helped  to  lay  the  foundations  of  his 
city's  greatness.  A  keen  and  forseeing  banker,  he 
never  took  advantage  of  others,  but  extended  a 
helping  hand  to  his  weaker  neighbors.  His  was  a 
unique,  engaging  and  benevolent  personality,  and 
his  friends  were  numbered  by  the  thousand.  He 
was  married  Mar.  3,  1852,  to  Rosine  Straus, 
daughter  of  Caroline  Straus,  of  Chicago.  Their 
childrn  are:  Henry  Everett  Greenebaum,  Moses 
Ernest  Greenebaum,  James  Eugene  Greenebaum, 
and  Mrs.  Emma  E.  Goodman,  who  married  Nathan 
S.  Goodman.  Elias  Greenebaum  died  at  Chicago, 
111.,  July  2o,  1910. 

HAMMERSTEIN,  Oscar,  inventor,  operatic 
impresario,  and  theatrical  manager,  was  born  in 
Stettin,  Prussia,  May  8,  1848.  His  father,  Abra- 
ham Hammerstein,  a  wealthy  merchant,  gave  his 
sou  a  good  education  under  private  masters,  but 
he  had  a  stern,  old-world  idea  of  discipline,  and 
Oscar,  at  sixteen,  after  a  severe  and  unmerited 
punishment,  ran  away  to  England,  and  in  1836, 
having  pawned  his  beloved  violin  to  help  to  pay 
for  his  passage,  took  ship  for  America.  Arriving 
in  New  York  he  accepted  the  first  employment  that 
offered,  which  happened  to  be  cigar  making.  His 
receptive  and  versatile  mind  mastered  the  details 
with  ease,  and  within  two  years  he  had  invented  a 
machine  which  adapted  the  air-suction  principle  to 
cigar  manufacture.  This  device,  patented  in  July, 
1865  was  the  first  recorded  application  of  the  air- 
suction  principle  to  modern  machinery  and  it  revo- 
lutionized the  method  of  cigar  making.  While  it 
netted  its  exploiters  millions  of  dollars  the  inven- 
tion brought  young  Hammerstein  only  the  modest 
sum  of  $6,000.  Other  labor  saving  inventions  on 
the  same  line  followed.  About  this  time  Mr.-  Ham- 
merstein launched  a  trade  paper,  "The  United 
States  Tobacco  Journal, ' '  which  he  conducted 
vi-ry  successfully,  and  sold  in  1885.  Early  in  his 
career  he  began  to  invest  his  earnings  in  real  es- 
tate, principally  in  Harlem,  but  his  one  great  pas- 
sion was  the  development  of  music,  the  operatic 
stage,  and  the  theatre.  In  his  spare  time  he  wrote 
three  one-act  comedies  in  German.  These  were 
pniduced  at  the  German  theatre  in  New  York  in 
1868,  but  met  with  only  a  lukewarm  reception.  In 
1870  he  became  manager  of  the  Stadt  Theatre  and 
subsequently  rosolved  to  go  into  theatre  building 
as  a  speculation  believing  it  to  be  a  commendable 
thing  to  supply  the  public  with  wholesome  enter- 
tainment. In  1880,  ten  years  after  he  took  the 
management  of  the  Stadt  Theatre,  he  built  the 
Harlem  Opera  House,  but  it  was  too  ambitious 
and  public  spirited  an  enterprise  for  the  times, 
and  entailed  him  financial  loss  from  the  beginning. 
Nothing  daunted,  Mr.  Hammerstein  built  the  Co- 
lumbia Theatre,  which  was  more  successful,  and 
the  Manhattan  Theatre  which  he  leased  to  Koster 
&  Bial.  In  1897  he  erected  the  Olympia,  at  a  cost 
of  $2,500,000,  followed  by  the  H.  B.  Harris  Thea- 
tre, the  Victoria  and  the  Belasco.  He  usually  su- 
pervised every  part  of  the  construction  of  his  play- 
houses, and  the  architects  and  decorators  followed 
his  instructions  in  matters  of  novel  and  improved 
convenience  or  decoration.  But  his  most  notable 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


41 


achievement — his  great  and  spirited  adventure — 
that  will  live  in  the  memory  of  music  lovers,  was 
his  challenge  in  West  34th  Street  to  the  Metropoli- 
tan Opera  House  for  the  presentation  and  encour- 
agement of  the  work  of  the  more  modern  com- 
posers. Sceptics  decried  the  enterprise,  detractors 
were  many,  but  the  event  justified  Mr.  Hammer- 
stein's  vision,  for  the  opening  of  the  Manhattan 
marked  aia  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  American 
music,  as  well  as  being  the  most  decided  triumph 
in  the  career  of  its  builder.  The  Manhattan  was 
opened  on  the  night  of  Dee.  3,  1906,  and  for  four 
seasons  Mr.  Hainmcrstein  gave  there  grand  opera 
of  the  highest  order.  He  showed  admirable  quali- 
fications as  an  impresario,  and  attained  an  envi- 
able success,  introducing  new  works  of  French  and 
Italian  composers,  including  Massenet's  "Thais," 
with  Mary  Garden  in  the  title  role ;  the  same  com- 
poser's  "La  Navarraise, "  with  Mine.  Gerville- 
Reache,  and  "La  Longeur  de  Notre  Dame";  Char- 
pent  ier's  "Louise";  Debussy's  "  Pelleas  at  Meli- 
sande";  St-rauss's  "Elektra,"  and  others.  He  se- 
cured artists  equalling  in  every  way  the  stars  of 
the  Metropolitan  such  as  Mary  Garden,  Tetrazzini, 
Dalmores  and  Zenatello.  The  result  of  the  enthu- 
siasm and  interest  aroused  by  Mr.  Hammerstein's 
artistic  success  with  grand  opera  was  not  only  a 
more  modern  and  varied  repertoire  at  the  Metro- 
politan as  well  as  at  the  Manhattan,  but  a  greater 
desire  for  and  appreciation  of  grand  opera  in  other 
cities.  In  the  fall  of  1908  he  opened  the  Philadel- 
phia Opera  House,  which  he  built  at  a  cost  of  $1,- 
200,000  and  he  also  made  plans  to  introduce  opera 
in  other  cities.  In  the  fall  of  1909  Mr.  Hammer- 
stein  made  an  important  experiment  in  what  he 
called  an  educational  grand  opera  at  prices  suited 
to  those  who  could  not  afford  to  attend  the  more 
expensive  performances.  Although  not  a  financial 
success,  it  unquestionably  attained  the  object  de- 
sired, and  his  readiness  to  risk  loss  and  failure  in 
attempting  so  worthy  an  object  was  appreciated 
by  the  musical  public.  In  1910,  he  sold  out  his 
interest  to  the  Metropolitan  Opera  Co.,  and  the 
Philadelphia-Chicago  Opera  companies,  for  $1,200,- 
000  and  built  an  opera  house  in  London,  England, 
but  circumstances  beyond  his  control  nullified  his 
efforts  in  this,  the  most  venturesome  of  his  enter- 
prises, and  after  substituting  a  musical  comedy  in 
place  of  grand  opera  for  one  season,  he  sold  the 
property  in  1913.  The  venture  was  a  success  ar- 
tistically, but  the  current  of  popular  feeling  for 
Coveut  Garden  made  it  a  loss  financially.  During 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  was  interested  in 
the  motion  picture  business.  The  outbreak  of  the 
great  war  interrupted  and  brought  to  naught  his 
almost  completed  plans  for  a  National  Grand 
Opera  Circuit  which  contemplated  giving  grand 
opera  in  all  important  cities  through  a  long  sea- 
son— a  plan  upon  which  he  had  worked  since  1912. 
Mr.  Hammerstein  was  a  unique  figure  in  operatic 
and  theatrical  circles  and  one  of  the  foremost  fig- 
ures of  the  American  stage  for  a  third  of  a  cen- 
tury. He  was  a  musical  genius  and  his  dominat- 
ing personal  traits  were  self-reliance  and  cheerful- 
ness in  adverse  circumstances.  He  had  an  origi- 
nal and  humorous  way  of  stating  his  opinions  and 
his  published  interviews  on  musical  and  theatrical 
matters  aroused  much  interest  and  comment.  He 
had  a  very  extensive  acquaintance  in  America  and 
in  Europe  and  his  friends  and  admirers  were  le- 
gion. He  made  and  lost  a  number  of  fortunes, 
but  to  him  money  meant  nothing  but  an  oppor- 
tunity to  develop  musical  taste  or  exploit  a  rare 
voice.  For  his  efforts  in  presenting  French  opera 
he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 


He  was  thrice  married,  his  wife  at  the  time  of  his 
death  being  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Swift,  to  whom  he  was 
married  Dec.  31,  1914,  and  who  was  sole  legatee 
and  executrix  of  his  estate.  Mr.  Hammerstein 
died  in  New  York,  Aug.  1,  1919. 

PHISTERER,  Frederick,  soldier,  was  born  at 
Stuttgart,  Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  Oct.  11,  1836, 
sou  of  Johann  Friederich  Phisterer  and  of  Chris- 
tiana Fredericka  (Halm)  Phisterer,  and  fame  to 
the  United  States  in  1855,  after  having  resigned 
his  citizenship.  Frederick  Phisterer  received  his 
education  in  schools  of  Stuttgart  and  prepared  for 
state  service  at  the  university.  In  1855  he  enlisted 
as  private  in  the  3d  battery  U.  S.  artillery,  serving 
until  the  close  of  1860,  and'  participating  in  a  num- 
ber of  Indian  battles.  Shortly  after  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war,  following  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  he  ree'ntered  the  regular  army,  enlisting  in  the 
18th  U.  S.  infantry,  and  was  appointed  sergeant- 
major.  In  Octobei,  1861,  he  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant;  was  assigned  as  adjutant  of  the  2d 
battalion  the  following  month;  became  1st  lieu- 
tenant in  February,  1862,  and  for  more  than  a  year 
served  as  adjutant  with  the  field  staff.  For  a  pe- 
riod he  was  detailed  to  recruiting  service  in  Ohio. 
He  participated  in  the  campaign  of  Gen.  Thomas 
against  Zollikoffer  in  eastern  Kentucky;  in  the 
forced  inarch  to  Pittsburg  Landing;  the  Pea  Ridge 
skirmish;  siege  of  Corinth;  battles  of  Perryville, 
Stone  Rrver,  Mission  Ridge,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  Resaca,  and  the  entire  Altanta 
campaign  and  siege.  For  special  voluntary  service 
at  Stone  Ridge  he  received  the  congressional  medal 
of  honor,  he  having  on  this  field  (Moirfreesboro) 
saved  a  battalion  from  annihilation  by  a  daring 
ride  in  the  face  of  sharp  musketry  fire.  For  dis- 
tinguished gallantry  at  Mission  Ridge  and  Resaca 
he  was  breveted  captain.  At  the  close  of  hostili- 
ties he  continued  in  the  army  until  1870,  when  he 
was  discharged  at  his  own  request,  holding  rank  as 
captain.  He  then  engaged  in  business  in  New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Ohio,  being  commissioned  in 
the  latter  state  captain  of  the  governor's  guard, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1879.  In  1880  he  en- 
tered the  military  service  of  the  state  of  New  York 
as  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  State 
with  rank  of  colonel,  and  in  1892  was  appointed 
assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Maj.-Geu. 
Charles  F.  Roe,  ranking  as  lieutenant-colonel.  This 
appointment  he  received  from  Gov.  Flower,  and  he 
was  continued  in  office  under  Govs.  Morton,  Black, 
Roosevelt,  Odell,  Higgius,  and  Hughes,  thus  con- 
tinning  the  wisdom  of  the  Democratic  executive's 
appointment.  He  continued  in  the  office  until  his 
death,  and  was  also  chief  of  the  bureau  of  records 
of  the  civil  war.  He  became  widely  known  as  the 
' '  Father  of  the  national  guard  of  New  York, ' '  and 
was  as  useful  to  the  organization  as  was  Gen.  Roe 
himself.  He  commanded  the  10th  battalion  during 
1881-83;  was  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  3rd 
brigade  during  1883-86  and  during  1880-93  was 
military  instructor  at  the  Albany  Academy.  He 
was  made  brigadier-general  by  brevet  for  merito- 
rious services  in  the  Spanish-American  war,  and 
major-general  by  brevet  from  1905.  He  had  served 
on  many  commissions  to  revise  the  military  code 
and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  informed 
guardsmen  in  the  country.  He  was  so  familiar 
with  the  details  of  his  office  that  he  could  turn-  to 
the  record  of  almost  every  one  of  the  quarter  mil- 
lion of. men  who  enlisted  in  New  York  during  the 
civil  war,  and  with  unerring  accuracy  present  their 
military  biography.  He  was  one  of  the  few  faith- 
ful and  competent  military  officers  in  the  history 
of  the  state  who  were  retained  in  office  regardless 


42 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  political  affiliations.  He  was  author  of  numer- 
ous vrorks  pertaining  to  military  affairs,  among 
them  ' '  The  National  Guardsman  on  Guard  and 
Kindred  Duties,"  "The  National  Guardsman  at 
Ceremonies, ' '  ' '  The  National  Guardsman  as  a  Non- 
Commissioned  Officer,''  "Statistical  Record  of  the 
Civil  War,"  and  "New  York  in  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion."  He  was  past  commander  of  his  post 
and  past  adjutant  general  of  the  state  organiza- 
tion, Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  a  companion  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the 
United  States,  and  member  also  Legion  of  Honor 
of  the  United  States,  Society  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  Order  of  the  Indian  Wars,  and  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  in  which  he  held  the  32d  degree. 
He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading  and  study- 
ing. He  was  a  communicant  of  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Albany.  At  his  death  Gov.  Hughes  said  of  him : 
"Few  officers  have  done  so  much  to  promote  the  ef- 
ficiency of  the  state,  military  forces,  and  he  is  en- 
titled to  be  called  the  father  of  the  national  guard 
of  the  state."  His  life  was  almost  wholly  devoted 
to  the  unselfish  work  for  the  nation  of  his  adoption 
and  its  leading  state.  No  native  born  citizen  could 
have  been  more  loyal,  more  patriotic  and  certainly 
none  ever  showed  greater  bravery.  At  his  death 
and  until  after  his  funeral  the  national  flag  was 
displayed  £.t  half-mast  at  all  state  headquarters, 
arsenals  and  armories.  He  was  married  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  Nov.  14,  1865,  to  Isabel  Riley,  daughter 
of  Joseph  H.  Eiley,  of  Columbus,  O. ;  she  survives 
him,  with  two  children:  Karl  Joseph  and  Col.  Fred- 
erick Wm.  Phisterer,  C.  A.  C.,  U.S.A.  Frederick 
Phisterer  died  at  Albany,  July  13,  1909. 

ROOT,  Frank  Kimball,  music  publisher,  was 
born  at  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  June  23,  1856,  son  of 
Ebenezer  Towner  and  Almira  (Kimball)  Boot. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  John  Koote,  who 
came  from  Badby,  Northamptonshire,  England,  in 
1637,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.  His  wife  was  Mary  Kilbourne,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Mary  Spencer; 
their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Sarah;  their  son 
Azariah  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Shepard ;  their 
son  Azariah  and  his  wife  Catherine  Merrill,  and 
their  son  Frederick  Ferdinand  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Flint,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Frank  Kim- 
ball Root.  E.  Towner  Root,  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  a  music  publisher  of  Chicago, 
associated  with  his  brother,  Dr.  George  F.  Root, 
famous  as  a  composer  of  civil  war  songs.  Frank 
K.  Root  went  with  the  family  to  Chicago  in  his 
childhood,  and  was  educated  in  the  Hyde  Park 
grammar  and  high  schools.  In  1883  he  entered 
the  business  founded  by  his  father,  E.  T.  Root  & 
Sons,  music  publishers,  and  eventually  became  the 
head  of  the  firm.  Since  1897  he  has  been  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  the  McKinley  Music  Co., 
Chicago.  He  was  for  five  years  secretary  of  the 
Illinois  society,  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  is  a 
member  also  of  the  Union  League  Club,  Chicago. 
Politically  he  is  a  Republican  and  he  is  a  com- 
municant of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf  and  trout-fishing. 
He  was  married  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  30,  1890,  to 
Harriet  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  W.  Invin, 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade,  and  has  three 
children:  Harriet  Invin,  Constance,  and  Josephine 
Root. 

CAIRNS,  Leonard  Stanley,  railway  officer, 
was  born  at  Janesville,  Wis.,  Sept  3,  1882,  son  of 
Thomas  J.  and  Ella  Heild  Cairns.  His  father  was 
a  native  of  Scotland.  His  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  George  Heild,  who  came  from  England  and 


settled  in  Wisconsin  in  the  early  days  of  that  state. 
Leonard  Stanley  Cairns  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.  During 
vacations,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Twin  City  Rapid  Transit  Street  Rail- 
way Co.,  Minneapolis,  and  by  a  series  of  rapid  and 
sncressful  promotions,  due  to  thorough  application 
and  study,  attained  the  post  of  general  superin- 
tendent. In  1912  capitalists  interested  in  street 
railway  and  lighting  projects  sent  him  to  Manila, 
P.  I.,  as  assistant  general  manager  of  the  Manila 
Street  Railway  &  Lighting  Co.,  in  which  capacity 
he  continued  to  attract  favorable  notice  by  his  re- 
markable energy  and  almost  ceaseless  acti%*ity, 
which  brought  success  to  every  enterprise  he 
touched.  At  the  end  of  five  years,  and  just  prior  to  his 
return  to  the  United  States,  his  successful  admin- 
istrations of  the  affairs  of  the  Manila  Street  Rail- 
way &  Lighting  Co.  was  celebrated  by  one  of  the 
largest  parades  in  the  history  of  the  Islands.  Dur- 
ing their  stay  in  Manila,  Mr.  Cairns  and  his  family 
made  numerous  trips  to  other  countries,  including 
four  to  China  and  Japan,  going  into  the  interior 
of  China  and  also  of  Korea.  In  1917  he  was  ap- 
pointed general  manager  of  the  Eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania Railways  Co.  and  its  subsidiaries,  with  head- 
quarters at  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  he  continued  in  that 
relation  until  his  death,  applying  himself  to  his 
duties  with  much  zeal,  and  proving  that  he  was 
well-equipped  to  manage  successfully  so  large  an 
enterprise.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pottsville  and 
Rotary  clubs,  Pottsville,  and  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
in  which  latter  he  held  the  :!2d  degree.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Coustantine,  an 
honor  bestowed  on  him  by  the  Masons  in  the  Phil- 
ippine Islands.  Mr.  Cairns  was  known  as  a  man 
who  accomplished  his  undertakings.  He  knew  how 
to  push  and  he  gave  his  courage,  his  strong  will  and 
vigorous  activities  to  the  successful  execution  of 
whatever  interested  him  or  of  whatever  he  planned 
to  do.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  his  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  married  at  Norfolk, 
Va.,  Oct.  19,  1910,  to  Mildred,  daughter  of  Charles 
A.  Everhart  of  Norfolk,  Ya.,  and  there  are  two 
children  of  this  union:  Willard  and  Dorothy 
Cairns.  He  died  at  Pottsville,  Pa.,  Oct.  11,  1918. 
GRANT.  John  William,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  West  Point,  Ga.,  July  26,  1867,  son  of  William 
D.  and  Sarah,  Frances  (Reid)  Grant,  of  historic 
Scotch  ancestry.  He  was  descended  from  Daniel 
Grant,  of  Yirgiuia,  a  man  of  letters  and  of  public 
affairs,  who  after  the  revolutionary  war  moved  to 
Wilkes  county,  Ga.,  built  the  first  Methodist 
church  in  the  state  and  the  first  school  house  in 
that  country,  and  emancipated  his  slaves  by  will ; 
his  son  Thomas,  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
was  an  active  Methodist,  whose  son  Daniel  2d 
married  Lucy  Crutchfield;  their  son  John  T.  mar- 
ried Martha  Cobb  Jackson,  and  they  were  the 
grandparents  of  John  William  Grant.  He  was 
graduated  B.C.S.  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in 
1886,  and  for  two  years  after  leaving  college 
worked  in  a  bank.  He  then  assisted  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  father's  real  estate  interests  in 
Atlanta.  Mr.  Grant  built  the  Grant  office  build- 
ing and  the  structure  occupied  by  the  Third  Na- 
tional Bank.  Thoroughly  democratic  in  nature  and 
manners,  lie  makes  friends  easily,  and  is  very 
popular  in  the  community  in  which  he  dwells.  He 
was  vice-president  and  director  of  the  Third  Na- 
tional Bank  and  the  Georgia  Savings  Bank;  direc- 
tor of  the  Southern  Railway  Trust  Company  of 
Georgia  and  Southern  Mutual  Insurance  Co. ;  and 
treasurer  of  the  Kimball  House  Co.  and  the  Grant 


FREDERICK  PHISTERER 
SOLDIER 


FRANK  K.  ROOT 
MUSIC  PUBLISHER 


LEONARD  S.  CAIRNS 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


JOHN  W.  GRANT 
FINANCIER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


43 


Construction  Co.  He  was  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Atlanta,  and  chairman  of  its  finance 
committee,  and  was  member  of  the  hoard  of  edu- 
cation. He  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Colonial  Wars,  Sons  of  the  Revolution  and 
Chi  Phi  college  fraternity.  During  the  European 
war  he  served  as  business  manager  of  the  Red 
Cross  Sanitary  1'nit  No.  11  and  is  one  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Georgia  School  of  Technology.  His 
clubs  include:  Capital  City  (ex-president),  Pied- 
mont Driving  and  Druid  Hills  Golf.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Apr.  11,  1S93,  to  Annie  Martin,  daughter  of 
Hugh  T.  Inman  of  Atlanta,  and  has  four  children : 
Margaret,  wife  of  Richard  Hooker  Wilmer,  of 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  William  D. ;  John  W.,  Jr.,  and 
Anne  Inman  Grant. 

WILDER,  John  Francis,  merchant,  was  born 
at  Woodruff,  S.  C.,  Aug.  6,  1864,  son  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  (Brice)  Wilder.  He  was  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits  in  his  native  state  ointil 
1SS7,  and  was  a  merchant  at  Meridian  and  Ellis- 
ville.  Miss.,  until  18116,  when  he  began  the  manu- 
facture of  lumber  in  Forrest  county,  Miss.  In  1909 
he  became  a  wholesale  lumber  dealer  of  Hatties- 
burg,  and  until  his  death  V.-.TS  head  of  the  J.  F. 
Wilder  Lumber  Co.,  of  New  Orleans,  which  was  a 
leader  in  the  export  trade  to  South  America  and 
other  ports.  From  time  to  time  he  was  interested 
in  other  commercial  and  industrial,  as  well  as  finan- 
cial undertakings;  was  vice-president  of  the  Bank 
of  Hattiesburg,  and  a  supporter  of  all  business  en- 
terprises of  merit.  He  was  chairman  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Hattiesburg  war  camp  com- 
munity service  board,  and  was  the  dominant  factor 
in  establishing  a  splendid  auditorium  for  the  con- 
venience of  soldiers  at  Camp  Shelby.  He  was  also 
chairman  of  the  Hattiesburg  chapter  of  the  Ameri- 
can Red  Cross,  and  was  a  leader  in  the  various 
Liberty  Loan  drives.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason, 
and  member  also  of  the  Order  of  Hoo  Hoos,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  Benevolent  and 
Protective  Order  of  Elks.  He  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  had  a  distinguished 
presence,  a  winning  personality  and  a  scholarly 
mind.  He  was  married,  May  8,  1887,  to  Lee, 
daughter  of  Riley  Jenkins,  a  merchant,  of  Sedon, 
Ala.;  she  survives  him,  with  five  children:  Eber  J., 
Eugene,  Carl  and  Dewey  Wilder,  ami  Ruth,  who 
married  Clarence  O.  Fox.  He  died  at  Hattiesburg, 
Miss.,  Sept.  17,  1918. 

SMITH,  Spencer  Henry,  broker,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Mar.  4,  1829,  son  of  Isaac  and  Jane 
(Beadle)  Smith,  and  grandson  of  Isaac  Smith,  a 
native  of  England,  who  came  to  this  country  in  1802. 
He  had  purposed  to  go  west  and  purchase  land,  but 
his  wife's  frail  health  detained  him  in  New  York, 
where  he  eventually  bought  a  farm  in  what  is  now 
Harlem,  and  later  entered  the  business  of  manufac- 
turing umbrellas;  he  prospered,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  Isaac,  who  in  turn  was  succeeded  by  his 
son,  Spencer  H.  Smith.  The  last  named,  our  sub- 
ject, was  educated  at  Mr.  Fairchild  's  celebrated 
school  in  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and  after  completing  his 
schooling  in  1844,  accompanied  his  father  to  Eng- 
land. On  his  return  from  Europe  the  following 
autumn,  he  began  his  business  career  by  entering 
a  silk  importing  house  in  Boston,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years,  then  returned  to  his  father's 
factory  in  New  York.  Some  years  later  he  re- 
tired from  his  father 's  business  and  became  very 
active  in  assisting  Walter  Bowne,  his  father-in- 
law,  with  the  care  of  his  large  estate.  For  a  time 
he  was  president  of  the  Flushing  Railroad,  when 
Mr.  Bowne  owned  it.  In  1859,  at  its  incorporation, 
he  was  made  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Queens 


County  Savings  Bank  of  Long  Island,  and  at  the 
first  meeting  of  the  board  was  elected  treasurer, 
holding  the  ottico  during  1859-60  and  again  dur- 
ing 1863-64.  He  was  a  member  of  the  7th  regi- 
ment at  one  time,  later  joining  squadron  A,  of 
which  he  became  colonel.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  he  sent  the  first  regiment  from  the  state 
of  New  York,  when  the  call  came  for  the  Home 
Guard.  He  wns  very  anxious  to  accompany  the 
regiment,  but  his  wife  and  Mr.  Bowne  greatly  op- 
posed his  doing  so.  Mr.  Smith  was  possessed  of 
a  very  large  circle  of  friends  who  were  most 
warmly  attached  to  him;  he  likewise  knew  all  the 
important  men  of  his  day  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  man  of  impressive  personality,  remarkable 
memory,  keen  humor  and  great  kindliness.  Tall 
and  straight,  with  strong  features  and  a  particu- 
larly pleasant  expression,  an  excellent  horseman, 
an  ardent  fisherman,  he  was  also  an  intensive 
reader,  while  his  clear  judgment,  courtesy  and 
generosity  rendered  him  a  delightful  companion. 
In  middle  life  he  was  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
a  member  of  the  California  City  and  Midwick 
County  clubs  of  Los  Angeles.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried: '(1)  in  1S50,  to  Eliza,  daughter  of  Walter 
Bowne  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  Caroline 
Bowne,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Carpenter,  of  New 
York  City,  and  Frances,  wife  of  Samuel  Freeman, 
of  Morristown,  N.  J.  Mrs.  Smith  died  in  1892, 
and  he  was  married  (2),  in  1907,  to  Catherine  E., 
daughter  of  Gillies  Dallett,  of  Philadelphia.  Mr. 
Smith  died  at  his  country  home  in  Montecito, 
Santa  Barbara  co.,  Calif.,  Nov.  28,  1917. 

R.OSENBAUM,  Joseph,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Munich,  Bavaria,  Germany,  Apr.  1,  1838.  When 
eleven  years  old  he  came  to  the  United  States  with 
his  sister  and  elder  brother,  Morris,  joining  his 
father  at  Dubuque,  la.  In  association  with  that 
brother  he  organized  a  general  merchandise  store 
in  Cedar  Falls,  la.,  and  the  venture  proved  suc- 
cessful. Upon  the  call  for  volunteers  in  the  civil 
war  in  1862  he  enlisted  for  the  period  of  three 
years  in  Co.  B,  31st  la.  Vol.,  and  participated  in 
twenty-two  battles,  besides  many  skirmishes  and 
raids.  He  volunteered  as  a  private  and  received 
his  honorable  discharge  as  an  adjutant.  After  the 
war  he  returned  to  Waverly,  la.,  where  one  year 
previous  to  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  he  had  en- 
tered the  live  stock  and  grain  business  with  his 
brother.  He  conducted  a  business  with  and  for 
the  Chicago  market,  until  1867,  when  the  brothers 
founded  state,  banks  at  Waverly  and  Nashua,  la. 
In  1874  they  became  active  in  the  livestock  indus- 
try in  Chicago,  first  as  Rosenbaum  &  Seckel,  and 
later  Rosenbaum  Bros.  &  Co.,  the  present  name. 
In  1881  he  founded  the  J.  Rosenbaum  Grain  Co., 
of  which  he  remained  the  active  president  until 
1917.  For  three  decades  he  was  a  prominent  fig- 
ure in  the  cattle  industry  and  grain  business,  be- 
ing president  of  the  Live  Stock  Investment  Co., 
as  well  as  of  the  J.  Rosenbaum  Grain  Co.,  member 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  and  of  the  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  Post  91,  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  Royal  Arch 
Masons  and  the  Standard  and  North  Shore  Coun- 
try clubs.  He  was  married  April  28th,  1873,  to 
Emma,  daughter  of  Emanuel  Frank  of  Chicago, 
and  had  four  children:  Emanuel  F.;  Edwin  Stan- 
ton  ;  Blanche,  wife  of  Fred  L.  Mandel ;  and  Wal- 
ter Rosenbaum.  He  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Calif., 
May  22,  1919. 

GTLBERTSON,  Gilbert  S.,  banker,  was  born 
at  Spring  Grove,  Minn.,  Oct.  17,  1863,  son  of  Swain 
and  Sarah  Gilbertson.  His  boyhood  was  spent  on 
his  father's  farms  in  Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Wis- 


44 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


consin,  and  after  taking  a  course  in  a  business  col- 
lege at  Janesville,  Wis.,  he  secured  a  position  as 
bookkeeper  and  salesman  with  an  agricultural  im- 
plement house  at  Forest  City,  la.  In  1885  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  J.  S.  Olson  &  Sons,  general 
merchants,  of  Forest  City.  Meanwhile,  he  had  be- 
come a  factor  in  local  Republican  politics  and  in 
1888  was  elected  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  Win- 
nebago  county,  being  reflected  in  1890,  1892  and 
1s'1 1.  In  1896  he  was  sent  to  the  Iowa  state  sen- 
ate from  the  41st  district,  comprising  Winnebago, 
Mitchell  and  Worth  counties.  He  was  secretary  of 
the  board  of  education  from  1890-97,  city  treas- 
urer of  Forest  City  from  1890-1900,  and  state 
treasurer  during  1900-06.  During  1891-92  and  in 
1896  and  1900  he  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 
central  committee  of  Winnebago  county.  As  state 
treasurer  he  proved  the  most  capable  custodian  of 
the  commonwealth's  funds  in  the  history  of  Inw.-i, 
the  duties  of  the  office  being  administered  with 
promptness,  dispatch  and  ability.  In  1895  he  or- 
ganized the  Forest  City  National  Bank  and  the 
Forest  City  Loan  &  Abstract  Co.,  and  was  cashier 
of  the  former  and  secretary  of  the  latter.  Recog- 
nizing ajid  improving  favorable  opportunities,  he 
extended  his  efforts  as  a  banker  into  various  fields. 
He  was  president  of  the  Buffalo  Central  State 
Bank,  Crystal  Lake  State  Bank,  First  National 
Bank  of  Hanley  Falls,  Minn.,  and  the  Iowa  Trust 
&  Savings  Bank,  Des  Moines;  president  of  the  In- 
terstate Business  Men's  Accident  Association,  and 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  Northwest- 
ern Land  &  Colonization  Co.,  which  owned  twelve 
entire  townships  in  Mercer  county,  N.  D.  He  was 
vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Lake 
Mills,  la.,  and  proprietor  and  publisher  of  the 
"Winnebago  Summit,"  of  Forest  City.  Mr.  Gil- 
bertson  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  In- 
dependent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  Knights  of 
Pythias  and  was  a  communicant  of  St.  John's 
Lutheran  Church.  Exceptional  qualities  and 
marked  facilities  of  perception  coupled  with  un- 
tiring industry,  gave  him  opportunity  to  achieve  a 
distinguished  success,  a  success  not  acquired  by 
accident  or  sensational  exploit  but  as  the  result  of 
patient  industry,  careful  thought,  unceasing  per- 
sistence, and  a  wonderful  faculty  for  securing 
loyal  service  from  employes  and  associates.  He 
was  married  Aug.  29,  1889,  to  Belle  D.,  daughter 
of  George  Whitney,  a  farmer,  of  Forest  City;  she 
survives  him  with  two  children:  Iva,  wife  of  G. 
Scripps,  and  Gladys,  who  married  E.  C.  West.  He 
died  at  Des  Moines,  la.,  Nov.  25,  1917. 

RYAN,  Frank  Xavier,  banker,  was  born  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Dec.  22,  1872,  son  of  Francis  B. 
and  Elizabeth  Devero  (Perkins)  Ryan.  His  lather, 
a  native  of  Missouri,  was  a  railroad  executive. 
Frauk  X.  Ryan  was  graduated  at  Christian 
Brothers  College,  St.  Louis,  with  the  degree  A.B. 
He  then  began  a  business  career  in  St.  Louis  as 
a  real  estate  operator.  He  entered  the  service 
of  the  St.  Louis  Union  Trust  Co.,  in  1>!'7,  in  thp 
title  department,  and  continued  his  connection  with 
that  institution  until  his  death.  From  time  to 
time  he  was  associated  with  various  other  financial 
as  well  as  commercial  and  industrial  undertakings. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  banking  associations 
of  St.  Louis.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Ro- 
man 'Catholic  Church  of  St.  Rose,  and  his  politi- 
cal affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  In  his 
private  life  he  was  from  boyhood  and  in  all  re- 
lations an  exemplar  of  correct  morals  and  earnest 
religious  convictions.  In  social  circles  his  genial 


manners,  added  to  his  fine  conversational  powers, 
brought  to  him  many  sincere  friends.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Nov.  17,  1898,  to  Mary 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Louis  F.  Temm,  a  shoe 
manufacturer  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  she  survives  him, 
with  two  children :  Emilv  and  Genevieve  Eyan. 
He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Dec."  27,  1916. 

BAILEY,  Charles  Franklin,  engineer,  was 
born  at  Greensboro,  Vt.,  Aug.  29^  1863,  son  of 
Charles  Minor  and  Mary  (Blake)  Bailey,  grand- 
son of  Abijah  and  Lydia  (Hildreth)'  Bailey- 
great-grandson  of  Philander  and  Betsey  (Minor) 
Bailey  and  great-great-grandson  of  Abijah 
Bailey,  who  was  the  first  of  his  family  to  settle  in 
America.  His  father  was  Charles  M.  Bailey, 
a  farmer.  The  son  was  educated  at  St. 
Johnsbury  Academy  and  the  Worcester  Poly- 
technic Institute,  being  graduated  at  the  latter 
institution  in  1^88  with  the  degree  of  B.S.  In 
that  same  year  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  at  Tacoma,  Wash., 
and  continued  as  a  machinist  for  one  year.  He 
was  engageil  ns  draftsman  and  estimator  by  the 
Tacoma  Foundry  &  Machine  Co.  in  1889-90;  as 
draftsman  by  the  Naefie  &  Levy  Ship  and  En 
gine  Building  Co.,  Philadelphia",  Pa.,  1890-91; 
as  chief  draftsman  by  the  Newport  Xews  Ship- 
building &  Dry  Dock  Co.  in  1891,  and  in  1900 
he  became  its  chief  engineer.  In  1918  he  was 
made  a  director  in  the  company  and  his  title 
was  changed  to  engineering  director.  He  is  also 
serving  as  consulting  engineer  for  the  Westing- 
house  Electric  &  Manufacturing  Co.,  especially 
in  connection  with  electrical  propulsion  of  ves- 
sels. Mr.  Bailey  is  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers,  and 
an  associate  member  of  the  American  Society 
of  Naval  Engineers.  He  is  a  Republican  in  pol- 
itics, and  affiliated  with  the  Congregational 
church.  He  was  married  at  East  Hardwick, 
Vt.,  'Aug.  18,  1891,  to  Almeria,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Luther  W.  Adgate,  a  physician  of  that  place, 
and  has  three  children,  Almeria  Pitkin,  Albert 
Adgate.  and  Mary  Joyce  Bailey. 

SACKETT,  Frederic  Moseley,  soldier  and 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  Providence,  E..  I., 
Feb.  26,  1S40.  son  of  Adnah  and  Eliza  Hub- 
bard  (Adams)  Sackett.  His  first  American  an- 
cestor was  Simon  Sackett,  a  native  of  the  Isle 
of  Ely,  England,  who  came  to  America  in  1630 
and  settled  at  Newton,  Mass.,  the  line  being 
traced  through  his  son  John  and  his  wife,  Abi- 
gail Hannum;  their  son  John  and  his  wife, 
(Mrs.)  Mehetable  Harris;  their  son  Isaac  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Sheppard;  their  son  Adnah 
and  his  wife,  Jerusha  Pumarey,  and  their  son 
John  and  his  wife,  Lucinda  Moseley,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Frederic  M.  Sackett.  His 
father  was  head  of  the  jewelry  manufacturing 
firm  of  Sackett.  Davis  i.  Co..  Providence,  B.  1. 
The  son  was  educated  at  Mt.  Pleasant  Academy, 
Amherst,  Mass.,  Phillips  Academy,  Exeter,  N.  H., 
and  Brown  l"niversity,  being  graduated  at  the 
last  in  1861  and  subsequently  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution.  He  was 
one  of  the  four  members  of  the  senior  class  at 
Brown  who  enlisted  on  the  first  day  of  Pres. 
Lincoln 's  first  call  for  troops,  and  was  assigned 
to  company  D,  1st  R.  I.  Vol.  Inf.,  serving  in 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  At  the  close  of  his 
three  months'  term  of  enlistment  he  recruited 
two  new  light  batteries  of  artillery,  was  com- 
missioned lieutenant  and  assigned  to  battery  C. 
one  of  the  celebrated  light  batteries  of  the  fed- 
eral army.  He  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 


1  HE    \A1  I"X  M-   CVi  I.opFDIA  I  i  f   AMF.kll'AN    R  IOC.RAPT1  V 


GILBERT  S.  GILBERTSOX 
BANKER 


FRANK  X.  RVAX 
BANKER 


CHARLES  F.  BAILEY 
ENGINEER 


FREDERIC  M.  SACKETT 
MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


45 


Chaneellorsville  and.  upon  recovering,  resigned 
from  the  service  in  October,  1863.  After  a 
short  period  with  the  dry  goods  commission 
house  of  Carpenter,  Vail  A:  Fuller,  Xew  York 
city,  he  returned  to  Providence  in  1864  :ind, 
with  Charles  E.  Paine,  formed  the  woolen  man- 
ufacturing firm  of  Paine  &  Sackett,  with  ex- 
tensive mills  at  Olneyville,  E,  I.  In  1SS2  he 
became  treasurer  of  the  Richmond  Paper  Co., 
which  was  a  large  new  concern  with  mills  at 
what  is  now  Phillipsdale,  East  Providence.  In 
1892  he,  retired  from  active  business  cares.  lie 
was  adjutant  general  of  Rhode  Island  during 
1896-1911,  declining  Gov.  Pothier's  request  to 
serve  longer.  He  was  a  member  of  the  1'ni 
versify  Club,  New  York,  and  the  Hope  Club, 
Providence,  the  Loyal  Legion  and  of  the  Psi  Upsi- 
Ion  fraternity.  Mr.  Sackett  was  married  Nov.  15, 
1866,  to  Emma  Louisa,  daughter  of  Daniel  Paine, 
a  merchant  of  Providence,  R.  I.  She  survives  him 
with  four  children:  Frederic  Moseley,  a  lawyer; 
Henry  Weston,  a  broker;  Franklin  Page,  pay- 
master, U.  S.  N.,  and  Elizabeth  Paine,  wife  of. 
Lauriston  H.  Hazard.  He  died  in  Providence, 
B.  I.,  Oct.  9,  1913. 

SWEET,  Edward  Andrew,  horologist,  was 
born  in  Montpelier,  Yt..  Mar.  23,  1837,  son  of 
Andrew  and  Rebecca  Sweet.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  began  his  career  as 
a  watchmaker  in  the  employ  of  his  uncle,  Ed- 
ward B.  Pratt,  of  Columbus,  0.  From  the  out- 
set he  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  subject,  and 
the  theory  of  watchmaking  appealed  to  him,  as 
did  the  practical  side.  After  working  for  about 
fifteen  years  at  the  bench,  in  1870  he  entered  into 
business  for  himself  in  Portsmouth.  Two  years 
later  he  removed  to  New  York  where  he  became 
associated  with  the  house  of  L.  H.  Keller  &  Co., 
manufacturers  and  importers  of  watch  materials, 
tools,  etc.,  and  became  well  known  among  the 
watchmakers  and  horologists  of  the  country.  In 
1896  he  joined  the  staff  of  Sussfield,  Lorsch  & 
Co.,  large  importers  of  optical  goods  and  watch 
materials,  as  an  expert  horologist  and  continued 
with  this  firm  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Mr.  Sweet  made  several  trips  to  Europe  to  study 
the  watch  industry  there,  and  in  this  way  came 
to  be  widely  known  abroad.  In  his  travels  he 
collected  many  rare  and  antique  watches  of  which 
he  was  the  possessor  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
As  an  accomplished  horologist,  both  in  the  prac- 
tical and  theoretical  fields,  Mr.  Sweet  had  few 
equals,  and  his  loss  to  the  watch  trade  was  severely 
felt.  By  watchmakers,  and  especially  by  the  heads 
of  the  watch  and  clock  factories  of  the  United 
States  and  Europe,  he  was  often  consulted  as  an 
expert.  Personally  he  was  a  man  of  kindly,  genial 
disposition,  who  had  the  ability  to  make  and  hold 
strong  friends.  He  was  always  ready  to  assist  a. 
fellow  horologist,  and  his  advice  and  criticism  were 
as  freely  given  as  they  were  sought.  He  was  of 
an  inventive  turn  of  mind  as  well  as  a  thorough 
mechanician,  and  he  devised  new  methods  for 
handling  horological  and  kindred  work.  He  was 
twice  married:  (1)  in  1853  to  Mary  E.  Clark, 
of  Chillicothe,  O. ;  they  had  two  sons  who  died 
in  1902;  Mrs.  Sweet,  died  the  following  year,  and 
he  was  married  (2)  May  11,  1914,  to  Alice  E. 
Mansell,  of  England,  who  survives  him.  He  died 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  11,  1915. 

WERMUTH,  William  Charles,  Jr.,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  .Tan.  28,  1888,  son  of 
William  Charles  and  Emma  Helen  (Ulrich)  Wer- 
muth,  and  grandson  of  Charles  Wermuth,  one  of 
the  revolutionists  who  came  from  Hanover,  Ger- 


many, about  1850,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin.  Wil- 
liam Charles  Wermuth,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
formerly  staff  surgeon  of  the  Frances  Willard  and 
Grant  Hospitals,  Chicago,  and  is  the  inventor  of 
a  patent  arm  sling.  Arthur  William  Wermuth, 
brother,  is  a  captain  in  the  Medical  Corps  of  the 
United  States  army.  William  Charles  Wermuth, 
Jr.,  received  his  preliminary  education  at  Evans- 
ton  (111.)  Academy.  He  was  graduated  at  North- 
western University  in  1909  with  the  degree  B.Sc., 
reciving  the  degree  M.Sc.,  from  that  institution 
in  1911.  He  was  graduated  LL.B.  at  Northwest- 
ern University  Law  School  in  1911.  In  that  year 
lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago  with  the 
Chicago  Legal  Aid  Society.  During  1912-13  he 
was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Cavendar,  Kaiser 
&  Wermuth,  with  H.  L.  Cavendar  and  W.  E. 
Kaiser,  and  during  1914-17  he  was  of  the  firm  of 
Harwood  &  Wermuth,  with  F.  L.  Harwood.  He  is 
now  (  1920)  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Ogren  & 
Wermuth,  with  John  W.  Ogren,  who  is  chairman 
of  the  Chicago  Stationers  Association.  For  a 
time  he  was  in  independent  general  practice,  spe- 
cializing to  some  extent  in  contracts,  pleadings 
and  extraordinary  remedies.  He  has  practiced  in 
the  supreme  courts  of  Illinois  and  the  United 
States,  and  has  represented  such  corporations  as 
Western  News  Co.,  Marshall-Jackson  Co.,  Diamond 
Red  Paint  Co.,  and  the  Chicago  Straw  Works. 
During  1912-14  he  was  a  lecturer  in  the 
Northwestern  University  Law  School.  He  is 
author  of  "Law  of  Contracts'"  in  "Modern 
American  Law,"  (Blackstone  Institute,  1914); 
"Legal  Necessity  of  Consent  to  Operations," 
(Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
1914),  and  he  is  associate  editor  of  "Modern 
American  Law. ' '  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
Blackstone  Institute,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  Chicago  Bar  Associa- 
tion, Chicago  Association  of  Commerce,  Sigma  Nu 
and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  fraternities,  and  the  Rotary 
Club,  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the  associate 
legal  advisory  board,  draft  board  No.  54,  Chicago, 
and  was  a  "Four  Minute  Man"  in  behalf  of  the 
3d  Liberty  Loan  and  other  war  measures.  His 
favorite  diversions  are  music,  literature,  dancing, 
and  various  sports.  His  political  affiliation  is 
with  the  Republican  party.  Ho  was  married,  in 
Chicago,  111.,  June  18,  1913,  to  Phyllis  Rosemond, 
daughter  of  William  J.  Donlin,  a  lawyer,  of  Chi- 
cago; they  have  three  children:  William  Charles 
(.'id),  Phyllis  Katherine,  and  Robert  Paul  Wer- 
muth. (Portrait  opposite  page  46.) 

HAWKS,  Annie  Sherwood,  hymnologist,  was 
born  at  Hoosick,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  2\ 
1835,  daughter  of  Marvin  and  Caroline  (Brodt) 
Sherwood,  and  of  English  and  Dutch  ancestry. 
She  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  at  Hoosick 
and  at  Troy  Female  Seminary.  At  fourteen  she 
began  to  write  verse,  and  her  first  poems  were 
eagerly  sought  by  Troy  newspapers  and  magazines. 
Meanwhile,  having  become  the  wife  of  a  Wall 
street  banker,  she  took  up  her  residence  in  Brook- 
lyn, New  York.  There  she  was  induced  by  her 
pastor,  Rev.  Robert  Lowry,  to  turn  her  talents 
to  the  creation  of  religious  productions.  Among 
the  hymns  which  she  then  wrote  were  "  All  Thine, " 
"The  Cross  for  Jesus,"  "Why  Weepest  Thou?" 
and  ' '  Good  Night, "  "  Beautifiil  Garden  of  Eden, ' ' 
"Who'll  Be  the  Next?,"  "In  the  Valley," 
"Here  am  I,"  and  "Worthy  of  the  Lamb."  The 
hymn  which  brought  her  most  fame  was  ' '  I  Need 
Thee  Every  Hour,"  composed  in  1872,  and  sung 
for  the  first  time  at  a  Sunday  school  convention 


46 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


in  Cincinnati.  Her  deeply  religious  nature  is 
best  illustrated  by  her  own  story  of  its  creation. 
"It  was  wafted  out  to  the  world,"  she  wrote, 
"on  the  wings  of  love  and  joy,  rather  than  un- 
der the  stress  of  a  great  personal  sorrow  with 
which  it  has  been  so  often  associated  in  the  minds 
of  those  who  sing  it  ...  In  the  midst  of  the 
daily  cares  of  my  home  I  was  so  filled  with  a 
sense  of  nearness  to  the  Master  that,  wondering 
how  one  could  live  without  Him  either  in  joy  or 
pain,  these  words,  'I  Need  Thee  Every  Hour,' 
were  flashed  into  my  mind,  the  thought  at  once 
taking  full  possession  of  me."  This  hymn,  which 
quickly  touched  the  heart  of  humanity,  has  been 
published  in  many  languages.  Mrs.  Hawks  spent 
her  last  years  at  Bennington,  Vt.,  where  her 
religious  earnestness  found  expression  in  many 
ways,  and  her  inteerst  in  all  kinds  of  missionary 
and  evangelistic  activity  was  unflagging.  She 
was  calm,  self-effacing  and  deeply  religious,  and 
exercised  much  influence  in  her  community.  At 
Hoosick,  X.  Y.,  July  28,  1859,  she  became  the 
wife  of  Charles  Hial  Hawks,  and  had  three  chil- 
dren: Marvin  S.,  and  Bessie  D.,  both  of  whom 
died  in  infancy,  and  Anna,  who  became  the  wife 
of  Surg.-Gen.  Warren  E.  Putsam,  Bennington,  Vt. 
She  died  at  Bennington,  Vt.,  Jan.  3,  1918. 

LAWRENCE,  Henry  Corbin,  banker  and 
broker,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  June  13,  1859, 
son  of  Cyrus  J.  and  Emily  (Hoe)  Lawrence.  The 
founder  of  the  family  in  America  was  Joel  Law- 
rence, who  came  to  this  country  from  England. 
From  him  and  his  wife  Hannah  Boutou  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Cyrus  and  his 
wife  Louisa  Maria  Weed,  who  were  grandparents 
of  the  subject.  Henry  C.  Lawrence  was  educated 
it  France.  In  1877  he  returned  to  this  country 
and  entered  the  employment  of  his  father 's  firm, 
Lawrence  Bros.  &  Co.,  bankers  and  brokers,  16 
Wall  street,  New  York,  which  firm  had  been  formed 
by  his  father  and  uncle  in  1864.  In  1888  Mr. 
Lawrence  became  a  partner  with  his  father  and 
brother  in  the  firm  of  Cyrus  J.  Lawrence  &  Sons, 
16  Wall  street,  and  so  continued  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Stock  Exchange  and  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  its  board  of  governors  since  1890,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Gratuity  Fund  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  While  he  was  a  thorough  business  man 
and  financier  Mr.  Lawrence  was  also  a  lover  of  the 
beautiful,  and  he  developed  into  an  art  expert.  A 
collector  and  student  of  Gothic  art  in  this  country 
and  Europe,  his  home  contained  one  of  the  choicest 
collections  of  early  painted  glass,  tapestries  and 
wood  carvings  in  America.  His  opinion  on  mat- 
ters connected  with  periods  to  which  he  had  de- 
voted special  study  was  eagerly  sought  by  artists 
and  students  of  art.  He  was  thoughtful  and  con- 
siderate, dignified,  upright,  of  strict  rectitude  of 
life,  and  commanded  the  respect  of  all  who  knew 
him.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Century  Association, 
being  a  governor  as  well  as  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  admissions;  the  National  Art  Club  and 
the  City  Club.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Municipal  Art  Commission  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  to  the  work  of  which  he  gave  a  great  deal 
of  time  and  attention.  In  political  faith  he  was 
an  Independent.  His  favorite  diversions  were  the 
collection  of  13th  century  stained  glass,  period 
furniture,  gothic  tapestries  and  carvings.  He  was 
married  Nov.  13,  1882,  to  Lucy,  daughter  of  Wrm. 
Tunis  Ryerson,  of  New  York,  and  had  two  daugh- 
ters: Gladys,  wife  of  William  Orcutt  Hubbard, 
and  Lucy  Lawrence,  wife  of  William  John  Hutch- 
inson.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Sept.  13,  1919. 


HAPAI.  Henry  Chase,  public  official,  was 
born  in  Hilo,  Hawaii,  Apr.  21,  1873,  son  of 
George  W.  A.  and  Harriet  Eebecca  (Sniffen) 
Hapai.  His  maternal  grandfather  was  Benja- 
min Henry  Sniffen,  of  English  descent,  a  Peuu- 
sylvanian,  who  settled  on  the  Island  of  Maui, 
H.  I.,  in  1846,  married  Kamakanoenoe  Nahinalau, 
and  became  a  noted  landowner  of  Maui.  George 
W.  A.  Hapai,  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  lawyer 
and  judge  of  the  district  court,  having  held  gov- 
ernment office  for  thirty-six  years.  The  son  was 
graduated  at  Oalra  College,  Honolulu,  in  1893. 
In  the  following  year  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
provisional  government  of  Hawaii  as  a  clerk,  and 
was  subsequently  bookkeeper.  In  1901  he  became 
registrar  of  public  accounts  for  the  territory  of 
Hawaii,  also  ex-officio  bank  examiner,  and  still  con- 
tinues in  that  joint  capacity;  since  1909  he 
has  also  been  deputy  insurance  commissioner, 
and  in  1917  was  appointed  deputy  fire  marshal 
of  the  territory.  As  registrar  of  public  ac- 
counts his  duties  are  chiefly  in  the  line  of 
finance,  in  connection  with  all  banks,  trust  and 
fiduciary  companies  and  corporations  in  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands.  He  has  likewise  officiated  as  act- 
ing treasurer  of  the  territory.  His  political  affil- 
iation is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Hawaiian  lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 
the  Honolulu  lodge  and  consistory,  A.  &  A.  S.  R., 
and  Aloha  Temple,  A.  A.  O.  N.  M.  S.  He  is 
known  as  a  diligent  student  and  clear  thinker 
along  the  lines  of  practical  problems.  Few  men 
possess  a  broader  or  more  comprehensive  grasp 
of  the  financial  and  industrial  system  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands  or  a  more  intelligent  and 
practical  knowledge  of  its  effect  upon  the  com- 
mon welfare.  He  is  keen,  studious,  courageous, 
far-sighted  and  of  sound  and  self-reliant  judg- 
ment, and  has  a  broad  and  intelligent  conception 
of  the  true  mission  and  responsibility  of  his 
office.  He  was  married  Nov.  14,  1908,  to  Alice 
Keonaona,  daughter  of  John  Wilson,  a  merchant 
of  Honolulu;  they  have  three  children:  Alice 
Keonaona,  Irene  lehu  and  Henry  Chase  Hapai, 
Jr. 

BUFFTJM,  George  Tower,  merchant,  was 
born  at  Winchester,  N.  H.,  March  16,  1846,  son  of 
Sampson  Wilder  and  Mary  Eliza  (Tower)  Buf- 
fum.  According  to  family  tradition  his  first  an- 
cestor was  Robert  Buffuin,  who  came  to  this  coun- 
try from  England  in  1637 ;  from  his  sou  Caleb  and 
the  latter  's  wife  Hannah  Pope,  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Benjamin;  his  son 
Joseph  and  the  latter 's  wife  Margaret  Osborne; 
their  son  Jedediah  and  his  wife  Sarah  Taft;  their 
son  Jedediah  and  his  wife  Sarah  Cook;  and  their 
son  Jedediah  a«id  his  wife  Nancy  Wilder,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  George  Tower  Buffum. 
He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  R.  B. 
Hubbard 's  private  school  and  at  Kimball  Union 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  A.B.  at  Amherst 
College  in  1868.  Beginning  his  active  career  in 
the  grocery  business  in  St.  Louis  in  1871,  he  sub- 
sequently traveled  extensively  for  many  years  in 
the  sale  of  mining  candles  in  the  western  states  of 
the  Union.  In  those  frontier  days  the  business 
with  the  mines  took  him  away  from  the  beaten 
track  of  travel,  to  sparsely  settled  Alaska  and 
the  silver  and  copper  camps  of  Old  Mexico.  He 
was  in  South  Africa  when  Oom  Paul  Kruger  was 
president  of  the  Transvaal  Republic,  Steyn  presi- 
dent of  the  Orange  Free  State,  and  Cecil  John 
Rhodes  premier  of  Cape  Colony,  and  the  primitive 
life  of  the  vanished  frontiers  is  treasured  in  his 
memory.  Since  1882  he  has  been  identified  with 


< 


WILLIAM  C.  WERMUTH 
LAWYER 


ANNIE  S.  HAWKS 
HYMNOLOGIST 


HENRY  C.  LAWRENCE 

BANKER 


HENRY  C.  HAPAI 
PUBLIC  OFFICIAL 


GEORGE  T.  BUFFUM 
MERCHANT 


CLEMENT  T.  GUILLAUME 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


THOMAS  MOORE 
LAWYER 


JONATHAN  K.  TAYLOR 
EDUCATOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


47 


the  lumber  business,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Jennings  &  Buffum.  Mr.  Buffum  is  the  author 
of  "Smith  of  Bear  City  and  Other  Frontier 
Sketches"  (1906),  "On  Two  Frontiers"  (1918). 
His  stories  were  well  received  by  the  critics,  who 
were  unanimous  in  declaring  them  to  be  faithful 
word-stories  of  the  fast  disappearing  American 
frontier  life.  They  are  absorbingly  interesting, 
and  told  in  a  manner  that  never  offends  the  criti- 
cal taste.  Mr.  Buffum  is  a  member  of  the 
Boston  Authors'  Club,  the  Authors'  League  of 
America,  Inc.,  of  New  York  city,  the  National 
Geographic  Society,  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  college 
fraternity  and  the  Masonic  Order.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Republican  and  in  religion  a  Congregational- 
ist.  He  was  married,  Sept.  2,  1873,  to  Ethie  E., 
daughter  of  Isaac  Brown,  grocer  of  Waterbury, 
Vt. ;  they  have  three  children:  Frederick  D.,  me- 
chanical engineer;  Edwin  C.,  actor  (known  on 
the  stage  as  Edwin  Cushman),  and  Ethel  Buffum, 
wife  of  Harrison  B.  McGraw. 

GUILLAUME,  Clement  Theodore,  physician 
and  surgeon1,  was  born  at  Boonville,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  17,  1857,  son  of  Frederick  and  Mary 
(Lewis)  Guillaume.  His  father,  a  native  of  Swit- 
zerland, came  to  America  and  settled  in  Oneida 
co.,  N.  Y. ;  he  was  a  scholar  and  linguist,  and 
served  in  the  Federal  army  during  the  civil  war. 
Clement  T.  Guillaume  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  Boonville,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincin- 
nati, in  1880,  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  In  the 
same  year  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  continuing  active  until  his  retire- 
ment from  professional  cares  in  1914.  As  a  family 
physician  he  was  unusually  skillful.  For  some 
years  he  was  a  general  practitioner,  but  he  subse- 
quently specialized  in  chronic  ailments  and  the 
treatment  of  tubercular  glands,  his  clientele  ex- 
tending throughout  the  entire  county.  In  1896  he 
purchased  the  Sulphur  Spring  property  at  Boon- 
ville and  established  a  sanitarium  which  he  con- 
ducted successfully  for  many  years.  He  was  also 
instrumental  in  organizing  the  Boonville  Mineral 
Springs  Co.,  in  which  he  was  long  a  director.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Eclectic  Medical 
Association,  New  York  State  Eclectic  Medical  So- 
ciety, rtica  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association, 
and  the  Utica  chamber  of  commerce.  His  politi- 
cal affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party,  and 
he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Baptist  church.  He 
was  a  great  lover  of  nature  and  the  out-of-doors, 
was  much  attached  to  horses  and  dogs,  loved  to 
study  shrubs  and  plant  life,  and  found  much  rec- 
reation in  floriculture.  His  loyalty  to  his  friends, 
his  faithfulness  to  every  trust  reposed  in  him,  his 
unfailing  courtesy  and  consideration  toward  others, 
his  untiring  industry  in  practice,  the  inspiration 
he  gave  to  his  patients,  all  were  but  the  outward 
manifestations  of  character  within  him.  He  was 
the  embodiment  of  personal  and  professional  in- 
tegrity. He  was  married  Feb.  28,  1880,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Henry  Boyce,  a  machinist,  of  Boon- 
ville. N.  Y.,  and 'died  "at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  May  10, 
•1917. 

MOORE,  Thomas,  lawyer  and  legislator,  was 
born  in  Putnam  county,  Ind.,  June  29,  1849,  son 
of  Thomas  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Nugent) 
Moore.  He  was  educated  at  Asbury  College,  now 
DePauw  University.  While  teaching  school  he 
studied  law  at  Green  Castle,  Ind.,  in  the  office  of 
M.  G.  C.  Moore,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1879.  Opening  a  law  office  in  Green  Castle  he 
built  up  a  large  clientele,  and  acquired  a  wide 
acquaintance  in  the  surrounding  counties  and 


throughout  the  state.  During  1889-98  he  was  city 
attorney  of  Green  Castle,  and  in  1894  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Indiana  legisla- 
ture as  joint  representative  from  the  counties  of 
Putnam,  Montgomery  and  Clay.  This  district  was 
normally  1,500  Democratic,  but  as  the  Republican 
candidate  he  had  the  distinction  of  carrying  it  by 
a  majority  of  600.  While  in  the  legislature  he 
drafted  and  obtained  the  passage  of  the  Moore 
anti-liquor  laws  which  are  still  effective.  In  1904 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  where  he  intro- 
duced and  championed  the  amendment  to  the 
Nicholson  law  known  as  the  Moore  amendment. 
He  was  a  strong  temperance  advocate  and  put 
more  temperance  laws  on  the  statute  books  of  the 
state  than  any  other  legislator,  laws  that  have 
been  approved  by  all  parties,  and  none  of  them 
ever  repealed.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Putnam 
County  Bar  Association  and  Phi  Delta  Theta 
fraternity,  and  was  past  chancellor  of  his  lodge, 
Knights  of  Pythias.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
College  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He 
was  married,  May  30,  1SS7,  to  Laura  Rosalie, 
daughter  of  Dr.  P.  H.  Allen,  a  physician,  of  Lee 
county,  Va.;  and  left  three  children:  Capt.  Thomas 
Allen,  U.  S.  army ;  Katharyn  and  Genevieve  Moore. 
He  died  at  Green  Castle,  Ind.,  Mar.  8,  1917. 

TAYLOR,  Jonathan  Kirkbride,  educator  and 
insurance  agent,  was  born  at  Purcellville,  London 
co.,  Va.,  Sept.  3,  1838,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Lydia 
(Brown)  Taylor,  great-grandson  of  Timothy  and 
Letitia  (Kirkbride)  Taylor,  and  grandson  of  Ber- 
nard and  Sarah  (Smith)  Taylor.  In  early  man- 
hood his  father  was  a  teacher  and  in  later  life  a 
prominent  farmer  in  Virginia.  The  son  was  edu- 
cated at  Taylor  Academy,  Wilmington,  Del.,  and 
at  Allen 's  Normal  School,  Westchester,  Pa.  In 
1856  he  taught  a  public  school  near  Port  Penn, 
Del.,  and  two  years  later  at  Smyrna  in  the  same 
state,  also  assisting  in  his  brother's  academy  in 
Wilmington.  In  1861  he  established  the  Chester 
Valley  Academy  at  Coatesville,  Pa.,  of  which  he 
was  principal  and  proprietor.  The  school  began 
with  eleven  students.  At  the  end  of  six  years, 
when  Mr.  Taylor  was  compelled  to  close  the  acad- 
emy because  of  impaired  eyesight  there  were  en- 
rolled 125  students,  representing  seven  states.  The 
excellent  reputation  of  the  institution  is  indicated 
by  the  fact  that  for  many  years  after  it  had  been 
closed  strangers  inquired  concerning  Chester  Valley 
Academy.  In  June,  1915,  a  reunion  of  the  teach- 
ers and  students  of  the  Chester  Valley  Academy 
was  held  at  the  Meriou  Cricket  Club,  Haverford, 
Pa,  During  the  two  years  following  the  closing 
of  his  Coatesville  school  Mr.  Taylor  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Hamilton,  London  co.,  Va. ; 
then  the  conditions  of  his  eyes  having  improved, 
he  established  the  London  Valley  Academy,  a  co- 
educational institution,  which  soon  developed  into 
a  flourishing  school.  In  the  latter  years  of  his  con- 
nection with  it  he  added  the  normal  feature  for 
the  training  of  teachers,  changing  the  name  to  the 
Virginia  Normal  Institute.  In  1873,  on  the  death 
of  his  brother,  T.  Clarkson  Taylor,  he  purchased 
the  buildings  of  the  latter 's  school  in  Wilmington, 
Del.,  and  established  a  high-grade  school  for  both 
sexes,  calling  it  the  Taylor  Academy.  Immediate 
success  attended  his  connection  with  the  school,  but 
again  his  eyesight  became  so  seriously  impaired 
that  he  sold  the  property  to  the  city  of  Wilming- 
ton and  retired  permanently  from  teaching.  On 
Jan.  1,  1878,  he  became  a  special  agent  in  Wilming- 
ton for  the  Provident  Life  &  Trust  Co.  of  Phila- 
delphia. His  business  was  successful  from  the  out- 
set, and  in  Nov.  1879,  in  partnership  wifh  Elisha 


48 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


H.  Walker,  he  opened  in  Baltimore  a  general 
agency  for  Maryland,  Delaware,  and  the  District 
of  Columbia,  having  offices  also  in  Wilmington  and 
Washington.  Mr.  Walker  retired  from  the  firm 
because  of  impaired  health  in  1906 ;  from  that  date 
Prof.  Taylor  carried  on  a  continually  increasing 
general  agency  business  for  the  President  Life  & 
Trust  Co.  His  department  wrote  a  total  of  more 
than  $40,000,000  insurance  business  and  more  than 
$20,000,000  of  this  is  now  in  force.  While  a  resi- 
dent of  the  town  of  Hamilton,  Va.,  Mr.  Taylor 
served  as  post-master  during  two  administrations. 
He  was  made  chairman  of  the  school  committee  of 
the  Baltimore  Friends  School,  Park  avenue,  Balti- 
more, and  he  continued  in  that  capacity  until  the 
date  of  his  death.  The  fine  buildings  of  the  school 
were  all  erected  xinder  his  careful  attention,  and 
the  number  of  scholars  has  increased  from  thirteen 
to  more  than  400.  A  popular  lecturer  on  the  nat- 
ural sciences,  he  also  delivered  addresses  on  his 
travels  in  Europe  and  this  country  and  on  temper- 
ance. He  served  as  vice-president  of  the  Anti-Sa- 
loon League  of  Maryland,  and  as  president  of  the 
Maryland  State  Temperance  Alliance  of  Balti- 
more. At  the  convention  held  in  that  city  in  May, 
1896,  President  Henry  Branch,  D.D.,  in  his  annual 
report  called  Mr.  Taylor  ' '  The  man  whose  clear 
head  and  generous  heart  have  heretofore  so  largely 
shaped  the  destiny  of  this  body,  and  whose  loyalty 
with  unswerving  devotion  has  been  a  tower  of  de- 
fense to  this  cause.  For  wisdom  in  counsel,  skill 
in  management,  and  patient  continuance  in  well 
doing  Prof.  Jonathan  K.  Taylor  excited  our 
highest  admiration  and  should  receive  our  most 
grateful  recognition."  In  December,  1915,  a  small 
volume  of  his  temperance  addresses  was  published 
by  the  Anti-Saloon  League  of  Maryland.  He  was 
for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  Franklin 
Institute  of  Philadelphia;  the  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, Baltimore,  Md. ;  and  the  Wilmington  Insti- 
tute, Del.  With  his  wife  he  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  was  married,  July 
15,  1863,  to  Emma  L.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Pyle,  of 
Chester  county,  Pa.  They  had  no  children.  He 
died  in  Swampscott,  Mass.,  Aug.  6,  1916. 

HEWITT,  Charles  Edmund,  clergyman  and 
educator  was  born  at  Galway,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  16,  1S36.,  son  of  Edmund  and  Lydia  (Moon) 
Hewitt,  grandson  of  Edmund  and  Hannah  (Berk- 
ham)  Hewitt,  great  grandson  of  Edmund  Hewitt, 
and  great  great,  grandson  of  Edmund  Hewitt,  the 
first  of  his  family  in  this  country  who  emigrated 
from  England  and  settled  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Rochester 
in  I860,  and  at  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1S63,  entering  that  same  year  on  his  first 
pastorate  at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.  In  1868  he  began 
preaching  at  Bloomington,  111.,  where  during  a 
ministry  of  eight  years,  his  church  grew  from  a 
membership  of  300  to  500,  and  has  since  remained 
one  of  the  strongest  churches  of  the  Baptist  denom- 
ination. In  1877-79  he  was  pastor  of  the  Centen- 
nial Church  in  Chicago,  and  in  1880-89  of  the  First 
Church  of  Pleoria,  111.  The  changes  consequent  on 
the  establishing  of  the  University  of  Chicago 
brought  Dr.  Hewitt  into  the  secretaryship  of  the 
Baptist  Theological  Union  of  Chicago,  in  1889,  a 
position  he  held  for  three  years,  when  he  became 
affiliated  with  the  university.  During  the  last 
twenty-two  years  of  his  life  he  was  secretary  of 
the  Northwestern  Baptist  Education  Society,  and 
in  these  years  he  rendered  perhaps  his  noblest  and 
most  enduring  service  to  his  church.  In  1899 
In-  visited  Europe  on  an  extended  tour  of  the 
continent  and  of  Rngland  and  Scotland.  His 


relations  with  the  students  of  the  Divinity  School 
and  the  churches  of  the  Middle  West,  made  his 
position  one  of  unusual  delicacy  and  difficulty,  yet 
he  met  these  varied  and  exacting  demands  with 
exceptional  tact,  sympathy  and  efficiency.  He  was 
preeminently  the  friend  of  theological  students, 
giving  to  them  the  wisdom  and  counsel  that  his 
large  experience  and  mature  character  enabled  him 
to  impart.  He  followed  the  students  with  undimin- 
ished  interest  into  their  post-graduate  work,  and 
hundreds  of  men  in  the  crisis  of  their  ministry 
Burned  to  him  for  sympathy  and  advice  that  were 
always  ungrudgingly  bestowed.  His  cordial  friend- 
liness and  helpfulness  made  him  a  notable  pastor, 
while  in  his  official  position  he  was  characterized 
by  a  passion  for  service,  good  judgment  and  in- 
spirational counsel  and  encouragement.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  Delta  Upsilon 
fraternities,  and  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Shurtleff  College  in  1871.  He  was  married  May 
9,  1864,  to  Helen,  daughter  of  Lott  Thompson, 
of  Willoughby,  0.,  and  had  five  children,  four  of 
whom  survived  him:  Lela  Lydia  (deceased), 
Florence  Gillette,  wife  of  Joseph  Eliot  Callender; 
Herbert  Edmund,  Henry  Harwood,  and  Helen 
Orme,  wife  of  Dr.  Wessels  of  Cape  Town,  South 
Africa.  Dr.  Hewitt  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Nov.  18, 
1911. 

WIIiSON,  Kipley,  diplomat,  was  born  in  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  Dee.  29,  1887,  son  of  John  R.  and  Flora 
L.  (Ripley)  Wilson.  His  great-grandfather,  John 
Quintan!  Wilson,  was  a  judge  in  Albany,  N.  Y., 
and  later  became  the  founder  of  the  ' '  Chicago 
Evening  Journal,"  in  1S44;  his  wife  was  Anna 
Lush;  their  son  Stephen  L.,  married  Harriet  Smith 
and  they  were  the  grandparents  of  Ripley  Wilson. 
On  the  maternal  side  he  was  eleventh  in  descent 
from  Francis  Cook,  passenger  in  the  Mayflower  and 
surveyor  of  the  Plymouth  Colony;  also  from  John 
Washburn,  first  governor  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
Colony.  John  R.  Wilson,  father  of  our  subject, 
was  publisher  of  the  "Chicago  Evening  Journal." 
The  son  was  educated  at  the  University  School  of 
Chicago  and  at  Yale  University.  He  then  entered 
the  American  consular  service  and,  after  examina- 
tion, was  appointed  consular  assistant  in  the  consu- 
late-general in  London,  England,  in  1908.  In  1911 
he  was  appointed  vice  and  deputy  consul-general 
in  Moscow,  later  to  Almeria,  Spain,  and  in  1913  to 
open  a  consulate  at  Kalamata,  Greece.  In  1914  he 
became  vice-consul  general  in  London,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  appointed  a  consul,  remaining 
there  at  the  consulate-general  in  London  until  ill 
health  compelled  him  to  obtain  a  leave  of  absence. 
He  died  before  reaching  the  summer  home  of  his 
family  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.  Ripley  Wilson  was  a 
young  man  of  great  promise  and  superior  charac- 
ter. The  unique  suggestion,  contained  in  his  will, 
expressing  a  wish  that  ultimately  a  portion  of  his 
estate  should  be  given  where  it  would  bring  an  un- 
expected happiness,  was  characteristic  of  his  un- 
usual consideration  for  the  unfortunate.  Concern- 
ing him,  Mr.  Robert  P.  Skinner,  the  American  con- 
sul-general in  London,  said:  "Our  feelings  here 
are  that  we  have  lost  a  very  dear,  loyal,  delightful 
personal  friend,  but  of  course,  back  of  that  lies  the 
public  loss;  he  had  all  the  best  qualities  of  a  suc- 
cessful representative  of  his  country,  and  there  was 
every  ce:  tainty  that,  had  he  been  spared,  he  would 
have  gone  far  in  his  chosen  career. ' '  Mr.  Wilbur 
J.  Carr,  director  of  the  consular  service  at  Washing- 
ton, said :  "He  was  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  use- 
ful members  of  the  service,  from  which  he  will  be 
sadly  missed."  He  was  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity' Club  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  the  American 


^  Vw- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  49 

Luncheon  Club  of  London,  England,  and  of  the  glass  and  wall-paper  business  at  Houston,  Tex.,  and 
Delta  Phi  fraternity  of  Yale  University.  He  was  saw  it  expand  from  small  proportions  to  a  whole- 
unmarried.  He  died  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Oct.  2,  sale  house  of  great  magnitude  and  importance, 
1917,  when  only  twenty-nine  years  old.  with  a  trade  extending  throughout  the  entire  south- 

COWLEY,  Michael  Mark,  merchant  and  western  country.  He  continued  this  business  in- 
banker,  was  born  at  Rathdrum,  County  Wick-  dependency  and  under  his  own  name  until  1907, 
low,  Ireland,  May  9,  1841,  son  of  Hugh  and  when  the  firm  was  incorporated  as  the  James  Bute 
Bridget  (Byrne)  Cowley.  His  father  was  owner  Co.  He  served  as  president  until  his  death,  at 
of  several  general  mercantile  stores  in  different  which  time  he  was  the  oldest  merchant  in  active, 
localities  of  that  country,  and  won  success  continuous  trade  in  the  city.  His  intense  pride 
through  well-directed  business  interests.  The  son  and  interest  in  his  business  did  not  deter  him  from 
w:i-<  educated  in  a  monastery  at  Clondalcan,  the  exercise  of  his  duties  as  a  citizen,  and  he  gave 
County  Wicklow,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  em-  generously  of  his  time  and  means  to  any  move- 
barked  on  a  sailing  vessel  for  America,  arriving  ment  looking  toward  the  betterment  of  Houston, 
in  New  York  city  after  a  voyage  of  forty-nine  while  he  was  appointed  or  elected  to  various  posi- 
days.  For  two  years  thereafter  he  was  em-  tions  of  trust  and  responsibility.  He  never  coveted 
ployed  in  the  grocery  store  of  a  relative  in  the  honors  of  civic  leadership,  but  was  content  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  His  love  for  adventure  led  work  in  the  ranks  of  the  men  who  did  big  things 
him  to  start  out  for  California,  but  his  funds  for  Houston.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
would  carry  him  only  as  far  as  Leavenworth,  hunting  and  fishing.  He  was  married  at  Houston, 
Kan.,  where  a  United  States  military  expedition  Tex.,  Sept.  20,  1869,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  James 
was  outfitting  for  the  reinforcement  of  Gen.  House,  and  had  five  children:  Elizabeth,  who 
Albert  Sydney  Johnson  in  the  suppression  of  married  Richard  W.  Franklin,  Houston ;  Bertha, 
Mormon  disturbances.  Mr.  Cowley  became  con-  who  married  Dr.  Lewis  J.  Day,  Chicago;  Flora, 
nected  with  the  expedition,  first  as  a  teamster  who  married  John  F.  Garrott ;  John,  and  Dr. 
and  subsequently  as  a  member  of  the  sutler's  de-  James  H.  Bute.  He  died  at  Houston,  Tex.,  Dec. 
partment,  thus  traveling  over  the  mountains  to  12,  1915. 

Benicia,  Cal.  From  that  place  he  was  sent  to  KOUNS,  Charles  Wesley,  railway  officer,  was 
Beal's  Crossing  in  Colorado,  after  Ft.  Mohave,  born  at  New  Holland,  Pickaway  co.,  O.,  Oct.  22, 
and  remained  in  charge  of  the  sutler's  stores  un-  1854,  son  of  William  and  Sarah  (Anderson) 
til  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  1861.  He  Kouns,  grandson  of  John  and  Acksa  (Bullock) 
permanently  took  up  his  abode  on  the  Pacific  Kouns  and  great-grandson  of  Ballser  Kouns  (or 
coast  in  the  fall  of  that  year,  settling  at  Port-  Coontz),  of  Holland-Dutch  descent,  who  came  from 
land,  Ore.,  and  early  in  1862  went  to  a  mining  Holland  in  the  18th  century  and  settled  in  Rock- 
camp  at  Florence,  Idaho,  remaining  until  1S64.  ingham  co.,  Va.  His  father,  a  farmer,  removed  to 
He  also  followed  merchandising  at  Wild  Horse  Edwardsville,  Wyandotte  co.,  Kan.,  in  1*69,  where 
creek,  in  the  Kootenai  mining  region  and  at  he  cleared  300  acres  of  forest  land.  The  son  pre- 
Bonner  's  Ferry,  Idaho.  On  July  4,  1872,  he  ferred  railroading  to  farming  and  at  the  age  of 
settled  at  Spokane  Bridge,  Wash.,  a  place  which  seventeen  obtained  a  position  as  agent  for  the 
later  became  known  as  Cowley 's  Bridge,  and  Kansas  Pacific  R.  R.,  later  merged  with  the  Union 
continued  to  conduct  a  store,  at  the  same  time  Pacific,  at  Limvond,  Kan.  Subsequently  he  be- 
excuting  government  contracts,  until,  1889,  when  came  operator  at  Lawrence  and  Junction  city, 
he  was  made  cashier  of  the  Traders'  National  Kan.,  and  train  dispatcher  at  Wamego,  Kan. 
Bank  in  Spokane,  Wash.  He  had  long  been  While  at  Lawrence  he  studied  nights,  and  the  Uni- 
identified  with  the  upbuilding  of  Spokane,  and  versity  of  Kansas  gave  him  a  degree  in  1874. 
his  capability  for  the  management  of  important  Wishing  to  acquire  a"  practical  knowledge  of  every 
financial  interests  was  soon  manifest.  After  department  of  railroading,  he  was  in  turn  brake- 
five  years  he  was  elevated  to  the  presidency  of  man  on  a  southern  road,  conductor  and  division 
the  bank,  in  which  he  continued  until  1903,  when  trainmaster  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
he  resigned  and  retired  from  active  life.  Mr.  in  Texas,  and  division  trainmaster  and  superinten- 
Cowley  was  a  member  of  the  Benevolent  and  dent  of  transportation  on  the  Galveston,  Harris- 
Protective  Order  of  Elks  of  Spokane  and  of  the  burg  &  San  Antonio  line.  In  1883  he  became  as- 
Catholic  church.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  sistant  superintendent  of  the  Nebraska  division  of 
He  was  one  of  the  few  men  who  have  been  the  Union  Pacific,  and  two  years  later  went  to  the 
identified  with  the  settlement  of  northeastern  Texas  &  Pacific  as  chief  clerk  to  the  general  super- 
Washington  and  the  region  known  as  the  inland  intendent.  In  a  similar  capacity  he  began  service 
empire  from  the  earliest  times.  He  made  many  with  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  road  in 
friends  through  his  absolute  fairness  and  relia-  1888,  was  made  superintendent  of  car  service  in 
bility.  Mr.  Cowley  was  married  Oct.  7,  1873,  to  1889,  assistant  general  superintendent  in  1901 
Annie,  daughter  of  John  Connolley  of  Walla  superintendent,  of  transportation  in  1903  and  as- 
Walla,  Wash.  Their  children  were:  Mary  sistant  to  the  vice-president  in  charge  of  opera- 
Frances,  wife  of  John  * .  Reddy  of  Medford,  tiou  in  1907.  He  was  appointed  general  manager 
Ore.,  and  Elenor  Beatrice,  wife  of  James  Smyth  Of  the  western  lines  in  1909,  and  was  made  gen- 
of  Spokane,  Wash.  Mr.  Cowley  died  at  Spo-  eral  manager  of  the  eastern  lines  in  1910  He  re- 
ka"°-  JInsi-'  Nov-  14'  1915'  presented  the  Santa  Fe  and  railroad  interests  in 

BUTE,  James,  merchant,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  general    before    public    service    commissions    and 

Scotland,  Sept.  3,  1838,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  legislatures  and   in   the   national  conference  com- 

\\hyte  Bute.     His  father  was  a  shipmaster.     The  mittee   of   the   railways,  which   maintains   general 

son  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  coun-  offices  in  New  York  city.     When  the  wage  contro- 

try,  and  at  eighteen  emigrated  to  Montreal,  Can-  versy  loomed  big  on  the  railroad  horizon    the  rail- 

ada,  where  he  began  his  business  career  as  civil  en-  way'  executives  of  all  lines,  in  1916,  appointed  a 

gineer  on  the  Victoria  bridge  of  Montreal,  and  was  committee  of  seventeen  general  managers  to  repre- 

made  an  honorary  member  of  the  British  Club  of  sent  them,  of  which  Mr.  Kouns  was  chairman  of 

Engineers  in  recognition  of  services  rendered.     In  the    executive    committee.      While    the    committee 

1867   he   established   himself   in   the   retail   paint,  was  unable  to  adjust  the  difficulty  with  the  em- 


50 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


ployees,  the  members  had  the  satisfaction  of  know- 
ing that  the  railroad  presidents,  by  a  unanimous 
vote,  approved  their  action.  He  was  a  member  of 
various  transportation  associations  and  societies; 
a  32nd  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  To- 
peka,  Topeka  Country,  and  Commercial  clubs,  To- 
peka.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist 
church.  He  was  a  sound,  well-balanced,  energetic 
man  of  business,  and  his  name  stood  high  in  the 
annals  of  the  great  railroad  operatives  of  the 
west.  Thirty-five  hundred  people  appeared  in  his 
funeral  cortege  and  every  wheel  on  the  eastern 
lines  of  the  Santa  Fe  was  stopped  as  a  token  of 
respect.  He  was  married  (I)  at  Tyler,  Tex.,  June 
10,  1884,  to  Carrie  B.,  daughter  of  William  Cain, 
a  merchant,  of  Tyler;  she  died  in  1910,  and  he 
was  married  (II)  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  15,  1913, 
to  Emma  Margaret,  daughter  of  Frank  J.  Conlin. 
a  lumberman  of  Mobile,  Ala.  She  survives  him 
with  three  children  of  the  first  union:  Nellie, 
Sara,  and  Charles  Wesley  Kouns,  Jr.  He  died  at 
Topeka,  Kan.,  Sept.  3,  1916. 

MARIANI,  Nicola,  physician,  was  born  in 
Limatola,  province  of  Benevento,  Italy,  Aug.  3, 
1868,  son  of  Nicola  Joseph  and  Maria  Giacomina 
(Marotta)  Mariani.  He  received  his  education  in 
a  national  college  of  Italy  where  he  was  graduated 
with  the  degre  of  A.B.  in  1887.  He  then  studied 
medicine  at  the  Royal  University  of  Naples,  Italy, 
and  was  graduated  M.D.  in  1893.  Subsequently 
he  was  interne  at  the  General  Hospital,  Naples,  for 
twenty-six  months.  He  came  to  America  in  1896, 
and  after  a  period  devoted  to  the  study  of  the 
English  language,  entered  Yale  Medical  School  for 
post-graduate  work,  remaining  during  1898-99, 
and  also  practising  among  the  Italian  people  of 
New  Haven  and  vicinity.  In  1897  he  began  the 
general  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  Haven, 
having  an  extensive  clientele  in  both  medicine  and 
surgery.  Dr.  Mariani  came  to  this  country  because 
of  a  genuine  love  of  its  institutions.  As  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  he  zealously  supports  democracy  as 
represented  in  the  United  States,  and  exerts  a 
powerful  and  wholesome  influence  among  the  labor- 
ing class  of  his  countrymen  in  Connecticut,  and 
has  done  much  in  Americanizing  Italian  immi- 

f rants  in  that  state.  He  was  the  organinzer  and 
rst  president  of  the  New  Haven  branch  of  the 
Soeieta  Nazionale  Dante  Alighieri  for  the  diffu- 
sion of  the  Italian  language  and  culture.  'He  has 
served  as  lieutenant,  and  was  later  a  surgeon  in 
the  Italian  army.  Dr.  Mariana  is  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut.  Medical  Society,  New  Haven  Medical 
Association  and  American  Medical  Association  and 
is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  various  medical 
journals  of  the  country.  In  1914  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  commissioner  of  the  New  Haven  board 
of  health  for  five  years.  He  is  a  member  of  Yale 
Conclave  of  Hepta'sophs,  No.  244,  and  of  Wooster 
lodge  No.  29,  Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons 
of  New  Haven.  In  1910  the  King  of  Italy  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  title  of  Chevalier  of  the 
Crown  of  Italy,  in  recognition  of  his  services  in 
this  country;  he  having  twice  been  acting  consular 
agent  of  Italy  in  addition  to  his  other  services. 
A  gentleman,  a  scholar,  a  man  of  mark,  and  a  phy- 
sician of  distinguished  ability,  he  is  one  among 
many  of  a  race  which  is  contributing  distinct  and 
considerable  advantage  to  the  growing  civilization. 
He  was  married  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  3, 
1897,  to  Margarita,  daughter  of  John  Spinelfo  of 
Sant '  Arsenic.  Italy.  They  have  no  children. 

WEBSTER,  J[6hn]  Clarence,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Shediac,  N.  B.,  Can.,  Oct.  21, 
1863,  son  of  James  Johnson  and  Eoslin  Elizabeth 


(Chapman)  Webster,  and  grandson  of  James  Web- 
ster, who  came  from  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1832, 
and  settled  at  Pictou,  N.  S.  James  Johnson  Web- 
ster, father  of  our  subject,  was  an  engineer  and 
manufacturer.  J.  Clarence  Webster  received  hia 
preliminary  education  in  public  schools  and  at 
Mt.  Allison  College,  in  New  Brunswick,  where  he 
graduated  in  1882  with  the  degree  A.B.  He  grad- 
uated with  the  degree  of  M.B.C.M.  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh  in  1888  and  M.D.  in  1890. 
He  took  post-graduate  work  at  the  Universities  of 
Leipzig  and  Berlin.  During  1S90-96  he  was 
first  assistant  in  the  department  of  midwifery  and 
gynecology,  University  of  Edinburgh.  He  was  lec- 
turer on  gynecology,  MeGill  University,  Montreal, 
Can.,  during  1897-99,  being  at  the  same  time  as- 
sistant gynecologist  in  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal.  He  settled  in  Chicago  in  the  latter  year 
and  has  since  been  obstetrician  and  gynecologist 
to  Presbyterian  Hospital,  and  professor  of  ob- 
stetrics and  gynecology  in  Rush  Medical  College 
(University  of  Chicago).  He  is  a  fellow  Royal 
College  of  Physicians,  Scotland;  Royal  Society, 
Edinburgh,  and  American  Gynecological  Society; 
corresponding  member  Italian  Obstetricial  and 
Gynecological  Society,  and  Royal  Academy  of 
Medicine,  Palermo,  Italy,  and  member  American 
Medical  Association,  Illinois  State  Medical  Soci- 
ety, Chicago  Medical  Society,  Chicago  Gynecolog- 
ical Society,  and  University,  Cliff  Dwellers  and 
Arts  clubs,  Chicago.  He  is  author  of  "Researches 
in  Female  Pelvic  Anatomy"  (1892);  "  Ectopic 
Gestation"  (1895);  "Human  Placentatiou" 
(1902);  "Text  Book  of  Diseases  of  Women" 
(1907)  ;  and  other  medical  monographs.  Two  of 
his  works  have  been  published  in  Germany.  He 
finds. his  chief  recreation  in  country  life  and  fine 
arts.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Inde- 
pendent party.  He  was  married  in  New  York  city, 
in  1899,  to  Alice  de  Kessler,  daughter  of  William 
T.  Lusk  (q.v.),  professor  of  obstetrics  and  gyne- 
eology,  Bellevue  Medical  School,  New  York  city; 
they  have  three  children:  Janet  Sophia,  John 
Clarence,  and  William  Lusk  Webster. 

JOYCE,  William  Albert,  merchant  and  banker, 
was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1851,  son  of 
Edwin  and  Frances  Joyce.  His  father,  who  was  a 
traveling  salesman,  removed  from  Buffalo  to 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  during  the  infancy  of  the 
subject ;  took  up  his  residence  at  Toledo,  O.,  in 
1856,  afterward  resided  at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  and 
in  1866  returned  to  Buffalo.  William  A.  Joyce 
took  up  a  classical  course  in  Gary  Institute,  Oak- 
field,  N.  Y.,  but  soon  thereafter  abandoned  his 
books  in  favor  of  a  business  career,  entering  the 
auditing  department  of  the  United  States  Express 
Co.,  Buffalo,  and  continuing  there  for  some  years. 
He  then  entered  the  service  of  William  H.  Walker, 
as  bookkeeper  and  salesman  in  the  the  shoe  trade, 
Buffalo,  and  after  ten  years  was  admitted  to  a 
partnership  under  the  style  of  W.  H.  Walker  &  Co. 
He  subsequently  became  treasurer  of  the  William 
H.  Walker  Co.,  wholesale  shoe  dealers,  remaining 
with  the  house  for  forty-two  years,  and  retiring 
from  active  business  cares  in  1912.  Aside  from 
his  mercantile  interests  he  was  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  president 
of  the  Erie  Savings  &  Loan  Association,  Buffalo, 
one  of  the  most  successful  institutions  of  its  kind 
in  western  New  York.  He  was  a  Republican,  and 
served  some  years  as  park  commissioner  of  Buffalo. 
He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  was  a  communi- 
cant of  Saint  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
and  for  seventeen  years  was  parish  treasurer.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Buffalo  Young  Men 's 


CHARLES  W.  KOUXS 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


NICOLA  MARTANI 
PHYSICIAN 


J.  CLARENCE  WEBSTER 
PHYSICIAN 


WILLIAM  A.  JOYCE 
MERCHANT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


51 


Christian  Association  for  twenty-five  years,  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Church  Home,  Buffalo,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Blor- 
cher  Home,  Williamsville,  N.  Y.  He  married  at 
Tonawanda,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1873,  Jennie  I., 
daughter  of  Daniel  .1.  Neff,  a  merchant,  of  Tona- 
wanda ;  she  survived  him.  He  died  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  .lune  25,  1917. 

MARSCHALL.  Nicola,  artist,  musician  and 
soldier,  was  born  in  St.  Wendel,  Rhenish  Prussia, 
Mar.  16,  1S29,  son  of  Emanuel  Marsehall,  tobacco 
manufacturer  and  wine  merchant  of  St.  Wendel. 
The  son  began  business  life  in  his  father's  to- 
bacco factory.  But  this  unromantic  life  was  dis- 
tasteful to  a  youth  who  hail  always  manifested  a 
keen  desire  for  art,  and  with  an  artist 's  career  in 
view  he  studied  painting  and  music  in  Rome,  Flor- 
ence, Naples,  Paris,  London,  Berlin,  Dusseldorf 
and  Munich.  His  hearing  having  been  impaired 
by  an  accident  in  childhood,  he  was  exempted  from 
compulsory  military  service  in  his  native  land,  and 
with  the  permission  of  his  government  he  came  to 
America  in  1849,  and  settling  in  Marion,  Ala., 
conducted  a  studio  for  many  years,  and  taught 
languages,  music  and  painting  in  the  Marion 
Female  Seminary.  Meanwhile  his  fame  as  an 
artist  had  spread  and  his  pictures  and  paintings 
were  much  in  demand.  In  March,  1861,  he  de- 
signed the  flag,  known  as  "The  Stars  and  Bars," 
for  the  southern  Confederacy,  and  also  designed 
the  gray  uniform  worn  by  the  soldiers  of  the 
South  in  the  war  between  the  states.  Mr.  Marschall 
offered  to  serve  in  the  confederate  army,  and 
throughout  the  struggle  was  chief  draughtsman 
with  rank  of  lieutenant  in  Gen.  Richard  Taylor's 
command  of'  engineers.  His  work  was  confined 
chiefly  to  making  sketches  of  the  federal  defenses 
and  planning  bridges  and  fortifications  for  the 
confederate  forces.  In  1873  he  settled  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  where  as  artist  and  musician  he  occupied 
the  same  studio  until  his  death.  Some  of  his  best 
known  paintings  are  a  portrait  of  Lincoln,  pur- 
chased by  the  Jefferson  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Science,  but  subsequently  acquired  by  a  wealthy 
resident  of  Louisville;  a  portrait  of  Napoleon 
from  descriptions  given  to  him  when  in  Paris,  and 
a  portrait  of  Gen.  John  C.  Breckenridge.  His 
favorite  diversions  were  collecting  curios,  coins 
and  old  violins,  and  painting  portraits  of  noted 
confederate  and  federal  leaders  he  had  known  in 
real  life.  In  every  relation  with  his  fellow  men 
Mr.  Marschall  exhibited  those  rare  qualities  of  in- 
tellectual poise,  generosity  and  tranquillity,  which 
made  his  companionship  delightful  and  rendered 
his  counsel  valuable.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason, 
and  a  member  of  the  United  Confederate  Veterans. 
He  was  married  Aug.  9,  1865,  to  Mattie  Eliza, 
daughter  of  Jubal  O.  Marshall,  a  Baptist  minister 
and  planter  of  Marion,  and  left  three  children: 
Emanuel,  Kate,  who  married  Richard  C.  English, 
and  Mamie,  who  married  M.  O.  Curd.  He  died  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Feb.  24,  1917. 

GRIBBEL,  John,  capitalist,  was  born  at  Hud- 
son City,  N.  J.,  Mar.  29,  1858,  son  of  James  ami 
Anna  (Simmons)  Gribbel.  His  father,  who  was 
an  engineer,  came  from  England  in  1S56  and 
settled  in  New  York  city.  John  Gribbel  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York,  and  entered  the  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York.  Wesleyan  University  gave  him  the  de- 
gree of  M.A.  in  1912.  He  began  his  business 
career  in  1876  as  a  clerk  in  the  Importers'  & 
Traders'  National  Bank  of  New  York,  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Leather  Manufacturers'  National 
Bank,  New  York,  in  1877,  and  in  1883  entered  the 


rmploy  of  Harris,  Griffin  &  Co.,  which,  in  1890, 
became  John  J.  Griffin  &  Co.  He  took  up  his 
residence  in  Philadelphia  in  1892,  where  at  the 
present  time  he  is  second  vice-president  of  the 
Curtis  Publishing  Co.,  publishers  of  the  "Saturday 
Evening  Post"  and  "Ladies  Home  Journal."  He 
is  also  president  of  the  Helena  (Ark.)  Gas  & 
Electric  Co.,  Athens  (Ga.)  Gas  Co.,  Corpus  Christi 
(Tex.)  Railway  &  Light  Co.,  and  Royal  Electro- 
type Co.,  Philadelphia ;  vice-president  of  the  Brook- 
lyn (N.  Y.)  Borough  Gas  Co.  and  the  American 
Railways  Co.,  and  a  director  in  the  Girard  Na- 
tional Bank,  Real  Estate  Trust  Co.,  and  Alliance 
Insurance  Co.,  Philadelphia.  He  is  president  of 
the  Union  League,  Philadelphia,  and  a  member 
also  of  the  Art,  University,  and  Manufacturers' 
clubs,  Philadelphia,  and  of  the  Lotus  Club,  New 
York  city.  He  finds  his  .chief  recreation  in  the  col- 
lection of  Burns  manuscripts,  and  of  American 
colonial  material.  In  1914  he  gave  the  celebrated 
Glen  Riddell  Burns  manuscripts  to  Scotland,  pur- 
chasing them  in  the  United  States,  after  they  had 
been  privately  sold  in  England  by  the  Liverpool 
Athenfnum  trustee  who  had  had  them  in  possession 
for  over  sixty  years.  Since  then  he  has  been 
elected  to  membership  in  Burns  societies  all  over 
the  world.  He  was  married  Jan.  8,  isso,  to  Eliza- 
beth Bancker,  daughter  of  Arnold  Wood,  of  New 
York  city;  they  have  four  children:  Wakeman 
Griffin,  John  B.,  Idella  L.  and  Elizabeth  Gribbel. 

TYLER,  Frank  Johnson,  merchant,  was  born 
in  Griswold,  Conn.,  July  7,  1863,  son  of  George 
and  Isabella  (Johnson)  Tyler,  and  a  descendant 
of  Job  Tyler,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
England  and  settled  at  Andover,  Mass.,  about 
1640.  The  line  from  Job  Tyler  is  traced  through 
his  son  Hopestill,  who  married  Mary  Lovett ;  their 
son  James,  who  married  Hannah  Safford;  their 
son  Gen.  John,  who  married  Mrs.  Spaulding  Coit; 
their  son  John,  who  married  Mary  Boardman,  and 
their  son  Thomas  Spaulding,  who  married  Dolly 
Cogswell  and  was  the  grandfather  of  Frank  John- 
son Tyler.  He  was  educated  at  Wilbraham  Acad- 
emy, Palmer,  Mass.,  and  began  business  in  his 
father's  firm  of  George  Tyler  &  Co.,  manufacturers 
of  agricultural  implements,  in  Boston.  He  re- 
mained in  this  business  during  1878-1902,  when 
he  became  interested  in  various  manufacturing 
concerns  in  the  West.  In  1905,  in  company  with 
his  brother,  Lucius  S.  Tyler,  of  Brookline,  Mass., 
he  established  an  automobile  business,  under  the 
-•ame  of  the  Morrison  &  Tyler  Motor  Co.,  and 
opened  the  Boston  agency  of  the  Maxwell  Automo- 
bile Co.  In  the  following  year  the  Maxwell  Co. 
became  the  Maxwell  Brisco  Boston  Co.,  and  Mr. 
Tyler  was  made  the  general  manager  of  the  New 
England  district.  Three  years  later  it  was  ab- 
sorbed by  the  United  States  Motor  Co.,  and  the 
Boston  company  became  known  as  the  United 
Motor  Co.  of  Boston.  He  continued  as  general 
manager  until  1911,  when  he  retired  from  active 
business.  Mr.  Tyler  was  a  man  of  keen  business 
instincts  and  remarkable  foresight,  judgment  and 
executive  ability.  He  was  unassuming,  kind- 
hearted  and  sincere,  and  at  the  same  time  his 
strong  personality  impressed  itself  upon  his  en- 
tire community.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Brae 
Burn  Country  Club  of  Newton,  the  Boston  Art 
Club  and  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He 
was  married  Jan.  24,  1894,  to  Isabel,  daughter  of 
Edwin  A.  Palmer,  a  merchant  of  Warren,  O., 
and  their  children  were:  Philip  Palmer  and  Arthur 
Bromley  Tyler.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June 
20,  1914. 

SLADE,     James     Jeremiah,     educator     and 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


statesman,  was  born  at  Clinton,  Jones  co.,  Ga., 
Apr.  28,  1831,  sou  of  Thomas  Bog  and  Anne 
Jacqueline  (Blount)  Slade.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  Henry  Slade,  who  came 
from  England  in  1677  and  settled  at  Curretuck, 
N.  C. ;  his  wife  was  Hannah  Loveridge,  and  from 
them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  William  and  his  wife  Frances  Sylvester;  their 
son  Ebenezer  and  his  wife  Anges  McNare;  their 
son  William  and  his  wife  Anne  Gainor;  and  their 
son  Jeremiah  and  his  wife  Janet  Bog,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  James  Jeremiah  Slnde.  All 
were  large  land  holders  and  planters  in  Hyde  and 
Martin  counties,  N.  C.  William  Slade  (IV) 
served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion. Jeremiah  Slade  (V)  was  a  general  in  the 
war  of  1812;  served  for  twenty  years  in  the  North 
Carolina  legislature,  and  was  the  founder  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  Thomas  Bog 
Slade,  father  of  the  subject,  a  native  of  Martin 
county,  N.  C.,  and  graduate  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  was  a  clergyman  and  educator; 
with  Bishop  Pierce  he  was  the  founder  of  Wes- 
leyan  Female  College,  Macon,  the  first  college  for 
women  in  the  world.  James  J.  Slade  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  schools  and  academies  in 
Georgia,  chiefly  at  Columbus.  He  was  graduated 
A.B.  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1852 
with  first  honors.  In  1S60  he  settled  as  a  cotton 
grower  in  Carroll  parish,  La.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  between  the  states  he  raised  a  company 
which  he  tendered  to  the  governor  of  Louisiana, 
but  Gov.  Moore,  thinking  the  war  would  soon 
be  over  and  no  more  troops  would  be  needed,  did 
not  accept  his  company.  He  then  returned  East 
and  joined  his  own  company,  the  Columbus 
Guards,  in  the  Second  Georgia  regiment,  at 
Manassas  Junction,  serving  with  it  in  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  as  adjutant  and  inspector- 
general  with  the  rank  of  major,  under  Gen.  Paoil 
J.  Semmes,  and  he  had  a  gallant  record  with  Lee 
in  the  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  campaigns. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Columbus,  Ga.,  where 
he  became  widely  noted  as  a  teacher.  He  had 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  local  politics, 
displaying  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  during  1853-56; 
mayor  of  Columbus  two  terms  (1892-95,  inclu- 
sive), and  member  of  the  Georgia  legislature  eight 
years,  from  1907  to  1914,  inclusive.  For  years 
he  was  a  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  Church,  held 
membership  in  the  United  Confedrate  Veterans, 
was  a  member  of  the  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  fra- 
ternity and  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 
His  chief  recreation  was  writing.  As  a  teacher 
he  was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  but  greatly  and 
generally  beloved,  for  he  was  conscientious  and 
thorough.  As  a  legislator  he  was  wise  and  in- 
trlligent,  and  as  a  citizen  he  was  public-spirited 
and  a  Christian.  He  was  married  at  Columbus, 
Ga.,  Jan.  12,  1859,  to  Leila,  daughter  of  Seymour 
Bonner,  a  dealer  in  lands,  of  Columbus;  she  sur- 
vived him  with  ten  children:  William  B.,  banker, 
Columbus;  Thomas  B.,  civil  engineer,  of  Jackson- 
ville, Fla. ;  James  J.,  Jr.,  civil  engineer,  of  Mex- 
ico City,  Mexico ;  Charles  B.,  physician  of  New 
York  city;  Nora,  wife  of  R.  H.  Screvens,  Birming- 
ham, Ala. ;  Louise,  wife  of  Theophilus  West, 
Marianna,  Fla.;  Nettie,  wife  of  John  H.  Leitner; 
Kiln  May,  wife  of  J.  Lawrence  Dozier;  Marion, 
wife  of  K.  R.  Townsend ;  and  Florence  Slade,  all 
of  Columbus.  He  died  at  his  residence,  St.  Elmo, 
near  Columbus,  Ga.,  Apr.  30,  1917. 

WATERMAN,    Harrison    Lyman,    civil    en- 
gineer, coal  operator  and  legislator,  was  born  at 


Croydon  (near  Claremont),  N.  H.,  Nov.  16,  1840, 
son  of  Lyman  and  Lucy  (Carroll)  Waterman.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Robert 
Waterman,  who  came  from  Norwich,  England,  in 
1632,  and  settled  at  Marshfield,  Mass.  His  wife 
was  Elizabeth  Bourne,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Thomas  and 
his  wife  Miriam  Tracy;  their  son  Thomas  and  wife 
Elizabeth  Allyn;  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife 
Mary  Gifford;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Mary 
Fitch,  and  their  son  Dyar  Waterman  and  his  wife 
Lany  Bell,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Harri- 
son Lyman  Waterman.  Losing  his  father  in  early 
childhood,  our  subject  was  raised  by  an  uncle  in 
Vermont  and  at  fourteen  returned  to  his  native 
state  and  for  three  years  worked  on  a  farm  at 
Claremont.  Meanwhile  he  attended  district  schools 
in  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire.  At  seventeen  he 
became  fired  with  the  California  fever,  and  went 
to  the  Golden  state  where,  for  three  years,  he 
farmed,  studied,  and  taught  school.  In  1861  he 
entered  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  of  Harvard 
University,  but  the  following  year  enlisted  for  the 
civil  war  as  private  in  Co.  A,  47th  regiment, 
Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry,  in  which  he  was 
promoted  to  sergeant,  serving  a  year.  He  then 
resumed  his  studies  and  was  graduated  with  high- 
est honors  at  Lawrence  Scientific  School  in  1864 
with  the  degree  B.S.  in  civil  engineering.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant,  Co. 
C,  1st  New  York  volunteer  engineers,  and  at  the 
beginning  of  1865  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant. 
Upon  being  mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war 
he  settled  in  Iowa  and  for  four  years  was  a  civil 
engineer  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  main 
line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad 
from  Ottumwa  across  the  state  to  the  Missouri 
river.  In  1870  he  took  up  his  permanent  residence 
at  Ottumwa,  and  resided  there  except  during  1884- 
90,  when  he  was  at  Kirkville,  la.,  as  vice-president 
and  general  manager  of  the  Wapello  Coal  Co. 
He  was  in  charge  of  the  coal  interests  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Co.  from 
1884.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and 
was  long  a  potent  factor  in  the  affairs  of  Ot- 
tumwa and  of  Wapello  county.  He  served  four 
terms  (1880-84)  as  mayor  of  Ottumwa,  and  he  was 
state  senator  from  Wapello  county  during  1893-97, 
serving  in  the  25th,  26th  and  26th  extra  general 
assemblies.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
cities  and  towns  in  the  25th  assembly  and  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  appropriations  in  the 
2<>th  regular  and  26th  extra  sessions.  Never  in 
the  history  of  the  Iowa  senate  was  there  a  man 
who  became  so  substantially  influential  in  a  single 
term  of  service.  He  was  particularly  strong  in 
consideration  of  the  business  problems  really  vital 
to  public  interest  and  individual  concern.  He  ac- 
complished much  reform  in  the  readjustment  of 
salaries  of  county  officials,  while  he  stood  strongly 
for  corporate  and  business  interests,  never  failing 
to  consider  the  just  claims  of  all  humanitarian 
appeals.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on  ap- 
propriations he  displayed  keen  insight  into  the 
business  problems  of  the  state,  and  distinguished 
himself  by  broad  vision  as  to  public  needs  con- 
sistent with  practical  economy.  He  had  the  con- 
fidence of  associates,  was  a  helpful  co-worker  and 
was  always  dependable.  Twice,  when  the  nomi- 
nation was  within  his  reach,  he  declined  to  lend 
his  name  for  congressional  honors.  From  1910  un- 
til 1916  he  was  chairman  of  the  municipal-owned 
water  works  of  Ottumwa.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Ottumwa.  He  was 
a  companion  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 


'A   OF    AMER.CAN    S'-aERAPHV 


ex  - 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Legion,  and  a  member  Society  of  Colonial  Wars, 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  Masonic  fraternity,  Ottumwa  Com- 
mercial Association,  and  the  Wapello  and  Country 
clubs,  Ottumwa.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican. 
He  was  interested  in  astronomy  and  in  every  form 
of  scientific  knowledge,  experiment  and  research. 
He  was  a  builder,  with  the  spirit  of  the  pioneer 
and  the  soldier.  His  was  a  life  of  definition,  not 
compromise  nor  substitution.  His  opinions  were 
positive:  he  expressed  them  fearlessly;  he  main- 
tained them  and  defended  them  with  the  argu- 
ments by  which  he  reached  them.  Disillusioned  in 
his  search  for  gold  as  a  youth  in  California,  he 
determined  to  make  more  out  of  life  than  could  \>c 
made  by  muscle  alone,  and  this  might  have  been 
the  text  'on  which  his  subsequent  career  -was 
builded.  He  was  a  student  who  brought  to  his 
studies  the  mind  and  rich  advantages  of  a  prac- 
tical, constructive  experience.  As  a  legislator  un- 
sparing in  debate,  he  still  possessed  an  unfailing 
wealth  of  humor  which  blunted  the  barb  of  sar- 
casm even  while  it  served  to  drive  an  argument 
home.  For  years  he  was  identified  with  the  coal 
producing  interests  of  his  adopted  state  and  to  his 
counsel  and  judgment  are  due  in  large  measure 
the  relations  and  understanding  between  employers 
and  employes  which  have  held  labor  difficulties 
to  a  minimum  in  lown  's  mining  fields  in  compari- 
son with  other  coal  producing  areas.  His  life 
was  a  busy,  useful  one,  rich  in  experience  and  in 
service  to  his  fellow  men.  He  was  married  (1) 
Mar.  14,  1807,  to  Georgia,  daughter  of  Judge 
W.  P.  Hammond;  she  died  in  1870.  He  was  mar- 
ried (2)  at  Ottumwa,  la.,  Oct.  9,  1879,  to  Alice, 
daughter  of  Newton  C.  Hill,  a  farmer,  of  Ottum- 
wa; she  survived  him,  with  one  child  by  the  first 
union:  Philip  Hammond  Waterman  (1868).  Har- 
rison L.  Waterman  died  at  Ottumwa,  la.,  May  20, 
1918. 

BROWN",  George  Garvin,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Munfordville,  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  2,  1846, 
son  of  John  Thompson  Street  and  Mary  (Garvin) 
Brown,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  at  Male  High  School,  Louisville.  In 
1863  he  accepted  a  position  with  Arthur  Peter  & 
Co.,  wholesale  druggists,  Louisville.  Subsequently 
he  became  connected  with  the  firm  of  Henry 
Chambers  &  Co.,  and  later  entered  the  brokerage 
and  wholesale  whisky  business  in  Louisville.  In 
1870  he  was  joined  in  partnership  by  his  erstwhile 
employer,  Henry  C.  Chambers,  under  the  firm  style 
of  Chambers  &  Brown.  Through  successive  changes 
the  firm  became  Brown  &  Thompson,  Brown  & 
Forman,  and,  in  1901,  the  Browu-Fornian  Co., 
distillers,  of  which  he  continued  president  until 
his  death.  He  was  a  leader  in  the  distilling  in- 
dustry in  Louisville,  and  his  years  of  service  in 
that  business  numbered  more  than  those  of  any 
other  whisky  merchant  in  the  Kentucky  metropolis. 
In  the  fight  against  liquor  prohibition  he  was 
always  active,  but  directed  Ms  attacks  in  unique 
manner,  supporting  his  arguments  with  Biblical 
quotations.  In  this  connection  he  wrote  a  book 
called  ' '  Prohibition  Repudiated  by  the  Bible, ' ' 
the  volume  containing  every  verse  in  the  Bible 
which  refers  to  liquor,  and  its  meaning  explained 
by  the  author.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
National  Liquor  Dealers'  Association;  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Model  License  League  from  its  organi- 
zation, and  he  was  a  member  also  of  the  Pendennis 
and  Louisville  Country  clubs,  Louisville.  He  was 
a  trustee  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  at 
its  organization.  His  political  alliliation  was  with 


the  Democratic  party.  In  the  national  campaign 
of  1896  he  was  chairman  of  the  Palmer-Buckncr 
compaign  committee  for  Kentucky.  He  found  his 
chief  recneation  in  traveling.  His  dominating 
personal  characteristics  were  his  sterling  honesty 
and  his  unswerving  integrity.  Of  the  many  who 
during  their  half  century  of  activities  have  been 
identified  with  the  progress  and  upbuilding  of 
Louisville,  none  have  contributed  more  substantially 
than  this  strong  man.  Every  movement  and  un- 
dertaking that  had  for  its  purpose  the  improve- 
ment of  the  city  and  the  betterment  of  the  people 
had  in  him  an  essential  worker.  He  was  married 
Feb.  1,  1876,  to  Amelia  (Owsley)  Robinson,  widow 
of  Lawrence  Robinson,  and  daughter  of  Erasmus 
B.  Owsley,  a  packer,  of  Louisville;  she  survives 
him,  with  five  children:  Owsley,  vice-president  of 
the  Brown-Forman  Co.;  Eobinson  S.,  of  Harrod's 
Creek,  Ky. ;  Inncs,  of  Louisville,  Ky. ;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  "Howard  Hammond,  Stockton,  Cal.,  and 
Amelia  B.  Brown.  He  died  in  Louisville,  Ky., 
Jan.  24,  1917. 

BISHOP,  Walter  Palmer,  grain  commission 
merchant,  was  born  in  Twinsburg,  Cayuga  Co.,  0., 
Aug.  9,  1S50.  His  father  was  a  merchant.  Walter 
P.  Bishop  received  his  education  in  public  schools 
in  his  native  state.  As  a  youth  he  began  a  busi- 
ness career  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  association 
with  his  brother,  a  fruit  and  produce  merchant. 
In  1891  he  became  salesman  in  the  service  of  K. 
P.  Bacon,  one  of  the  leading  grain  commission 
merchants  of  Milwaukee;  was  subsequently  given 
an  interest  in  the  business,  and  when  later  it  was 
incorporated  as  the  E.  P.  Bacon  Co.,  he  was  made 
vice-president.  Upon  the  death  of  the  founder  of 
the  business,  in  1916,  succeeded  to  the  presidency, 
and  continued  in  that  relation  until  his  death. 
Throughout  his  activity  in  the  Bacon  firm  he  was 
a  dominant  factor  in  the  Milwaukee  chamber  of 
commerce,  having  been  chairman  of  the  super- 
visors of  inspection  and  weighing,  by  appointment 
of  the  board  of  directors.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  chamber  nine  years  and  served  as  its  presi- 
dent in  1911  and  1913.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Milwaukee  harbor  commission;  first  vice-presi- 
dent City  Club,  Milwaukee,  and  for  twelve  years 
president  and  at  his  death  a  director  of  the  Arion 
Musical  Club.  He  held  membership  also  in  the 
Minneapolis  chamber  of  commerce  and  the  Chicago 
board  of  trade.  He  was  a  liberal  benefactor  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  His  poli- 
tical affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party,  and 
he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Plymouth  church, 
lie  found  his  chief  recreation  in  music.  He  was 
married  Oct.  20,  1S75,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  TJ. 
M.  Graham,  a  salesman,  of  Milwaukee;  she  sur- 
vives him,  with  four  children  ;  Sidney  H.,  a  sales- 
man; Davenport,  Iowa;  Warren  J.,  a  salesman, 
Milwaukee,  Wis.;  Myrtle,  who  married  Paul  Ham- 
nu>r<mith,  .Ir.,  and  Adelaide,  who  married  Arthur 
V.  D.  Clarkson.  He  died  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Oct. 
10,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  page  54.) 

DEAN",  Russell  Hardy,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born,  on  a  plantation  in  Marshall  county,  Miss., 
Dec.  21,  1853,  son  of  Russell  and  Louisa  (Alsop) 
Dean.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Samuel  Dean,  who  came  from  England  in  the 
17th  century  and  settled  in  Tennessee  and  was  head 
of  the  large"  Dean  family  of  the  South.  Two  broth- 
ers had  come  with  him  to  the  new  country,  one 
settling  in  Massachusetts  and  the  other  in  Mary- 
land. Russell  Dean,  father  of  our  subject  and  a 
planter,  was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  seccession 
convention  and  was  a  state  senator  during  the  war 
between  the  states.  Russell  H.  Dean  attended  the 


54 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


state  University  of  Mississippi,  Oxford,  and  later 
entered  the  college  of  medicine  of  Tulane  Univer- 
sity, New  Orleans,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1875 
with  the  degree  M.D.  In  that  year  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native  county  in 
association  with  Dr.  Alexander  at  Chulahoma. 
Shortly  after,  desiring  a  wider  scope  than  county 
practice  could  afford  him,  he  located  at  Pocahon- 
tas,  Ark.,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  In 
1882  he  settled  at  Leeshurg,  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  and 
there  his  ability  and  professional  skill  caused  him 
to  be  so  successful  and  popular  that  he  was  induced 
to  remove  to  the  Florida  metropolis,  and,  in  1893, 
he  made  his  permanent  residence  in  Jacksonville. 
His  reputation  was  such  that  he  was  frequently 
called  as  consultant  to  various  parts  of  Florida, 
Georgia,  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  and  lie  served 
tirelessly  through  a  number  of  severe  epidemics, 
seeking  out  the  obscure  and  needy  among  both 
races,  where  compensation  for  his  services  was  but 
a  consciousness  of  duty  performed.  He  was  a  pro- 
moter of  the  Children's  Home  Society  of  Florida, 
was  continuously  a  member  of  its  board  of  direc- 
tors, and  at  his  death  was  vice  president  and  at- 
tending physician  to  the  institution,  giving  freely 
of  time  and  money  to  its  support.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  and  Southern  Medical  asso- 
ciations, Florida  State  Medical  Society,  Duval 
County  Medical  Society,  and  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity, and  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  married  at  Leesburg,  Fla.,  in 
1834,  to  Mary  Grey  Meyers,  of  New  Hamburgh, 
N.  Y.,  and  had  two  children:  Eussell  Hardy,  Jr., 
a  physician  of  Jacksonville,  and  Helen  Leslie  Dean. 
He  died  in  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Sept.  28,  1918. 

CORNWELL,  John  Jacob,  fifteenth  governor 
of  West  Virginia,  was  born  near  the  town  of 
Pennsboro,  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Ya.,  July  11,  1867,  son 
of  Jacob  H.  and  Mary  (Taylor)  Cornwell.  In 
1870  the  Cornwell  family  moved  to  Hampshire 
county,  W.  Va.,  where  John  J.  Cornwell  was 
reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  the  public  schools 
and  Shepherd  College.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
began  to  teach  school,  following  that  profession 
for  seven  years  and  being  principal  of  the  graded 
schools  in  Romney  during  1889-90.  In  the  autumn 
of  1890,  in  association  with  his  brother,  W.  B. 
Cornwel!,  he  purchased  the  "Hampshire  Review," 
published  at  Romney,  W.  Ya.,  and  served  as  editor 
of  that  paper  for  more  than  twenty-five  years,  re- 
tiring as  active  editor  when  he  became  governor 
of  West  Yirginia.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1894,  having  studied  law  in  the  offices  of  his 
brother  while  engaged  in  his  newspaper  work.  The 
noteworthy  development  of  his  section  of  the  state 
has  been  largely  due  to  his  instrumentality.  Through 
his  efforts  a  railroad  was  constructed  from  Romney 
to  Moorefield,  opening  a  rich  territory,  and  for 
many  years  he  has  been  active  in  developing  his 
section  as  a  commercial  fruit-growing  region.  In 
1896  he  served  as  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Chicago,  and  two  years 
later  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  from  the 
old  twelfth  senatorial  district,  comprising  the 
counties  of  Hampshire,  Hardy,  Mineral,  Grant, 
Pendleton  and  Tucker.  In  1902  he  was  xeelected 
to  the  state  senate  from  the  fifteenth  senatorial 
district,  the  state  having  been  redistricted  and  the 
senatorial  districts  increased  from  thirteen  to  fif- 
teen. While  serving  his  second  term  in  the  state 
senate  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party 
for  governor  of  West  Virginia,  and  though  he  ran 
25,000  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  was  defeated 
by  the  late  W.  M.  O.  Dawson,  with  a  majority  of 
8,000,  when  Theodore  Roosevelt  carried  the  state 


by  a  majority  of  33,000.  In  1912  he  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention 
at  Baltimore,  and  in  1916  became  the  Democratic 
nominee  for  governor  of  West  Virginia,  the  elec- 
tion of  that  year  showing  him  to  have  been  the 
sole  Democrat  on  the  state  ticket  to  be  elected. 
Gov.  Cornwell  called  the  state  legislature  into  ex- 
traordinary session  on  May  14,  1917,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  submitting  to  a  vote  of  the  people  a  con- 
stitutional amendment  proposing  a  budget  system, 
with  the  design  of  properly  guarding  expenditures 
from  the  state  treasury.  Various  measures  were 
also  enacted  to  assist  the  Federal  government  in 
prosecuting  the  war  against  Germany,  and  Gov. 
Cornwell  has  been  a  leading  figure  in  the  Liberty  • 
Loan,  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  other  campaigns 
for  the  raising  of  funds  wherewith  to  prosecute 
the  war.  He  was  married  June  30,  1891,  to  Edna, 
daughter  of  Isaac  T.  Brady,  and  they  have  one 
child,  Sallie,  wife  of  Eugene  E.  Ailes,  of  Scarboro, 

HAG-ERTY,  Thomas  Harvey,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Crawford  county,  Pa.,  Feb.  18,  1828.  When 
Thomas  H.  Hagerty  was  twelve  years  old  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Illinois  where  he  grew  to  young 
manhood  upon  a  farm.  He  attended  the  public 
schools,  and  after  teaching  for  a  time  entered 
Meadville  College,  Pa.,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1855.  He  studied  medicine,  expecting  to  be  a 
physician,  but  instead  answered  the  call  to  enter 
the  Christian  ministry.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  accompanied  a  regiment  as  chaplain; 
his  company  was  in  Gen.  Grant 's  division,  but  his 
health  failed,  and  he  returned  to  pastoral  work. 
In  1870  he  went  to  St.  Louis.  His  last  pastorate 
(1912)  was  at  W'ebster  Groves,  Mo.;  the  new 
church,  Hagerty  Memorial  Methodist  Episcopal, 
was  named  after  him.  For  thirty-three  years  Dr. 
Hagerty  served  as  city  chaplain  in  St.  Louis,  for 
which  he  received  no  regular  salary.  He  regularly 
visited  the  City  Hospital,  Female  Hospital,  Work- 
house, City  Sanitarium  and  jail.  In  all  these 
places  he  was  sincerely  beloved.  At  Christmas 
time  he  never  forgot  the  inmates  of  these  institu- 
tions, but  enlisted  charity  from  St.  Louis  mer- 
chants in  the  way  of  cakes,  candy  ami  other  gifts, 
which  were  distributed  by  himself  and  his  wife. 
His  ministry  was  the  longest  of  any  known  pas- 
tor, and  according  to  the  records  of  his  conference, 
he  was  the  oldest  living  minister  of  his  church  in 
the  world.  He  served  as  chaplain  in  the  national 
and  state  encampments  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  was 
chaplain  of  Ransom  Post  practically  since  its  or- 
ganization. In  a  birthday  sermon  in  1908  he  said: 
"Providence  can  shape  the  affairs  of  men,  if  we 
only  let  him,  better  for  our  good,  than  we  can 
for  ourselves.  So  he  has  in  my  case,  as  I  see  now. 
People  often  wanted  to  sympathize  with  me  for 
my  lot,  as  a  poor  itinerant  preacher,  as  being 
homeless,  and  without  a  settled  abode.  I  have 
never  felt  in  need  of  any  such  sympathy.  I  have 
never  been  without  a  home,  bread  to  eat,  of  a 
place  for  myself,  or  family,  and  am  now  among 
the  strongest  of  men  in  body,  elastic  of  step, 
sound  as  a  sleeper,  and  hopeful  for  the  future." 
When  he  died  he  had  responded  to  his  sixty-fifth 
conference  roll  call.  He  was  married  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Nov.  20,  1878,  to  Ada,  daughter  of  Goodsell 
Buckingham  of  Zanesville,  O.  He  died  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Apr.  24,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite 
page  55.) 

WILLIAMS,  Warham  Howard,  banker  and 
broker,  was  born  at  West  Hartland,  Conn.,  Oct.  9, 
1853,  son  of  Timothy  Ensign  and  Octavia  Persis 
(Gay lord)  Williams.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 


WALTER  P.  BISHOP 
MERCHANT 


RUSSELL  H.  DEAN 
PHYSICIAN 


JOHN  J.  CORNWELL 
GOVERNOR  OF  WEST  VIRGINIA 


THOMAS  H.  HAGERTY 
CLERGYMAN 


WARHAM  H.  WILLIAMS 

BANKER 


E.  MONTAGUE  GRIMKE 
EDUCATOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


55 


can  ancestor  was  William  Williams  (1625-1689), 
who  came  from  England  and  settled  in  the  eastern 
part  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1646.  His  wife  was 
Jane  Westover,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John;  his  son  Jacob 
(b.  1699)  and  his  wife  Eebecca  Hubbard;  their 
son  Israel  (1744-1812)  and  his  wife  Beulah  Will- 
iams; their  son  Warham  (1781-1831)  and  his  wife 
Lydia  Ensign,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  War- 
ham  Howard  Williams.  William  Williams,  a 
cooper  by  trade,  was  admitted  a  freeman  at  Hart- 
ford in  1654.  Israel  (IV)  removed  to  West  Hart- 
ford, and  Warham  (V)  was  a  farmer  of  West 
Hartland.  Timothy  Ensign  Williams,  father  of 
the  subject,  was  farmer  and  school  teacher;  repre- 
sented West  Hartland  many  terms  in  the  general 
assembly  of  the  state  and  was  a  state  senator; 
was  judge  of  probate  for  many  years.  Wnrham 
Howard  Williams  was  educated  at  Winchester  In- 
stitute under  the  noted  Colonel  Ira  W.  Pettibone, 
and  at  Williston  Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass. 
He  also  took  the  Chautauqua  literary  and  scientific 
course.  He  remained  on  the  parental  farm  until 
1881,  when  he  removed  to  Winsted,  Conn.,  and 
accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  Mechanics'  Savings 
Bank;  became  its  secretary  in  1886,  and  continued 
in  that  office  until  his  death ;  he  was  also  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  institution.  He  was  senior  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Williams,  Hallett  &  Griswold, 
investment  brokers;  director  in  the  Hurlbut  Na- 
tional Bank,  Winsted  Hosiery  Co.,  and  Winsted 
Edge  Tool  Works;  secretary  Litehfield  County 
Hospital;  treasurer  Winsted  Real  Estate  Co.; 
treasurer  First  School  District;  treasurer  First 
Ecclesiastical  Society,  and  a  deacon  in  the  First 
Congregational  Church.  In  politics  he  was  a  Re- 
publican. He  represented  the  town  of  Hartland 
in  the  state  legislature.  He  was  a  deeply  religious 
man  and  possessed  a  singular  and  winning  courtesy. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen.  He  was  married  at  West  Hartland, 
Conn.,  Sept.  14,  1881,  to  Sara,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Blakeslee  and  Harriet  Theresa  (Newton)  Oilman, 
of  West  Hartland;  she  survived  him.  He  died  at 
Winsted,  Conn.,  July  14,  1914. 

GREEN,  Henry  Lewis,  merchant,  was  born  at 
Jordon,  Onondaga  CO.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  5,  1S51,  son  of 
George  Washington  and  Sarah  Ann  (Mason) 
Green.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  John  Greene  (descended  from  Robert,  3d  son 
of  Sir  Henry  Green,  lord  chief  justice  of  England), 
who  came  from  England  in  1635  and  settled  in 
Massachusetts.  His  wife  was  Joan  Beggarly,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Edward  and  his  wife  Mary  Tibbetts; 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Rachel  Smith;  their 
son  William  and  his  wife  Martha  Jackson;  their 
son  Augustus  and  his  wife  Mary  Rudyard,  to  their 
son  Lewis  Green  and  his  wife  Sally  Nash,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  Henry  Lewis  Green. 
Augustus  Green  (V)  was  a  soldier  in  the  New 
York  line  in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  George 
Washington  Green,  father  of  our  subject  and  a 
native  of  TJtica,  N.  Y.,  became  a  pioneer  mer- 
chant and  banker  at  Stevens  Point,  Wis.  Henry 
Lewis  Green  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Stevens  Point  and  at  Mark- 
ham's  Academy,  Milwaukee,  and  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in  1872.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  began  his  business  career  in  the 
wholesale  hardware  house  of  John  Nazro  &  Co., 
Milwaukee,  and  within  four  years  became  thor- 
oughly grounded  in  every  department  of  the  busi- 
ness. In  1877  he  was  employed  as  salesman,  trav- 
elling all  over  the  United  States  for  hardware  and 


metal  houses,  and  continuing  five  years  in  that  ca- 
pacity. He  established  himself  in  business  in  Chi- 
cago in  1882  as  H.  L.  Green  &  Co.,  selling  metal 
specialties  to  manufacturers,  such  as  tin  and  terne 
plates,  black  and  galvanized  sheets  and  wire  prod- 
ucts. From  the  outset  he  met  with  success,  and  the 
business  is  still  continued  by  him  on  the  original 
Lake  street  site.  He  was  for  several  years  chair- 
man of  the  iron  and  steel  committee  of  the  Chicago 
Association  of  Commerce,  and  he  organized  the  re- 
ception committee  of  that  organization,  serving  as 
chairman,  and  subsequently  becoming  a  director  of 
the  association.  He  is  past  president  Old  White 
School  Association  of  Stevens  Point ;  vice-president 
University  of  Wisconsin  Alumni  Association;  life 
member  and  former  director  and  vice-president 
Chicago  Athletic  Association;  life  member  Union 
League  Club,  Chicago,  and  member  also  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  New  England 
Society,  Wisconsin  Society  of  Chicago,  and  of  the 
Fellowship,  Kenwood,  South  Shore  Country,  and 
Equestrian  clubs,  Chicago.  He  finds  his  chief  rec- 
reation in  riding,  also  in  genealogical  research. 
Mr.  Green  was  married  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Nov. 
12,  1879,  to  Harriet  Esther,  daughter  of'  John 
Francis  Birchard,  a  pioneer  of  Milwaukee;  they 
have  three  children:  John  Birchard,  graduate  Cor- 
nell University,  now  President  Chicago  Steel  & 
Wire  Co.;  Marion  Mason,  who  became  the  wife  of 
John  Solon  Lord,  and  Harriet  Birchard,  who  mar- 
ried Horatio  Nelson  Wallace. 

GRIMKE,  Ejdward]  Montague,  educator  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  Dec. 
22,  1S32,  son  of  Henry  and  Selina  Sarah  (Sim- 
mons) Grimke,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Paul 
Grimke,  who  came  to  this  country  from  England 
and  settled  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  in  1733 ;  from  him 
and  his  wife  Marie  Faucherand  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John  Faucherand  and 
his  wife  Mary  Rhett  Smith,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  His  grand- 
father was  a  colonel  in  the  revolutionary  war  and 
chief  justice  of  South  Carolina.  E.  Montague 
Grimke  was  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  Mili- 
tary College  ("The  Citadel")  in  1852.  Until  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  engineer  in  charge 
of  construction  of  the  Northeastern  railroad,  now 
the  Atlantic  Coast  Line.  During  that,  war  he  was 
captain  of  the  Moultrie  guards,  and  served  with 
distinction  in  Fort  Sumter  and  the  islands  around 
Charleston  during  the  siege  of  the  city.  After  the 
war  he  became  superintendent  of  public  si-lmols 
in  Charleston  and  ,for  forty  years,  until  his 
death,  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Charles- 
ton Orphan  House.  His  manifold  energy  and  al- 
most ceaseless  activity  as  an  educator  were  instru- 
mental in  building  up  the  present  splendid  public 
school  system  of  Charleston.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Associated  Charities  Society;  an  of- 
ficer in  many  other  local  institutions,  and  was  con- 
nected with  various  commercial,  industrial,  and  fi- 
nancial institutions  of  his  native  city  and  the  state. 
In  all  concerns  relative  to  the  welfare  of  Charles- 
ton, he  constantly  manifested  a  deep  and  sincere 
interest  and  wherever  substantial  aid  would  further 
public  progress  it  was  freely  given.  No  good  work 
done  in  the  name  of  charity  or  religion  appealed 
to  him  in  vain,  and  in  his  work  of  this  character 
he  brought  to  bear  the  same  discrimination  and 
thoroughness  that  were  manifest  in  his  business 
life.  Vigorous  and  compelling,  with  a  keen,  prac- 
tical mind,  the  success  of  every  undertaking  to 
which  he  gave  his  vitalizing  energy  was  assured. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  warden  and  lay-reader  of  Grace  Church,  a 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


founder  of  the  Young  Men  's  Christian  Association 
and  superintendent  of  Grace  Sunday-school  for 
twenty-fire  years.  He  was  awarded  the  Cross  of 
Honor  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  for 
his  services  to  the  Confederacy.  He  was  married 
at  Mobile,  Ala.,  Dee.  20,  I860,  to  Julia  Rodney, 
daughter  of  Col.  John  Whipple  Bridges,  of  Mobile, 
Ala.  and  Providence,  B.  I.;  she  survives  him  with 
five  children:  Edward  St.  Julien,  journalist, lawyer, 
author,  and  president  of  the  Carolina  Land  &  Tim- 
ber Co.;  Eleanor  Selina,  wife  of  Claudian  B.  Nor- 
throp, of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Eliza  Butledge,  wife 
of  Wfilliam]  Moultrie  Ball;  Florence  Carroll, 
wife  of  R[obert]  Kennedy  Boykin;  and  Julia 
Evelyn,  wife  of  Joseph  Eutledge  Young,  all  of 
Charleston.  He  died  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  Jan.  26, 
1896. 

DYER,  Philip  Sidney,  manufacturer,  was  bora 
at  Calais,  Me.,  Jan.  14,  1857,  son  of  George  W. 
and  Mary  E.  (Kelley  )Dyer.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  Thomas  Dyer,  who  came 
from  Wales  in  1623  and  settled  at  Weymouth, 
Mass.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  sou  Jones;  his  son  Jones  and  his 
wife  Lydia  Knight;  to  their  son  Jones  Dyer, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  Philip  Sidney  Dyer. 
Jones  Dyer,  3d,  a  native  of  Bristol,  R.  I.,  established 
the  family  homestead  at  Calais,  Me.;  he  was  also 
one  of  the  original  grantees  of  Machias,  Me.,  of 
whom  there  were  fifteen.  He  went  there  in  a 
vessel  in  1775,  having  survived  a  shipwreck,  and 
reached  shore  in  a  canoe.  He  became  owner  of  a 
large  estate  on  ' '  Carleton  Stream, ' '  near  Ma- 
cliias.  Col.  George  W.  Dyer,  father  of  the  subject 
and  a  lawyer  of  Calais,  became  a  noted  patent  at- 
torney of  Washington;  he  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Federal  army  during  the  civil  war;  was 
appointed  paymaster,  and  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers  for  ' '  meritorious  and  efficient 
service  in  the  army  pay  department."  He  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service  in  1869. 
Philip  Sidney  Dyer  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Calais  and  Washington.  His 
initial  occupation  was  in  the  lumber  business  in 
eastern  Maine.  In  1879  he  associated  himself 
with  Thomas  A.  Edison  (q.v.)  at  Menlo  Park,  N.  J., 
later  becoming  European  representative  for  the 
Edison  Manufacturing  Co.,  Edison  Electric  Co., 
and  all  other  Edison  interests.  Upon  his  return  to 
America  in  1892  he  organized  the  American  Horse- 
shoe Co.,  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.,  and  until  his  death 
was  its  president  and  treasurer.  This  company  is 
the  acknowledged  leader  in  its  line  in  the  country. 
He  was  also  vice-president  of  the  Sweet  Steel  Co., 
and  West  Branch  Steel  Co.,  Williamsport,  Pa.,  and 
a  director  in  the  Canadian  Shovel  &  Tool  Co.,  and 
Chipman-Holton  Knitting  Co.,  both  of  Hamilton, 
Ont. ;  Trust  Co.  of  New  Jersey ;  Colonial  Life  In- 
surance Co.,  and  the  Duryea  Manufacturing  Co. 
He  was  a  trustee  and  life  member  New  Jersey 
State  Chamber  of  Commerce;  life  member  Nation- 
al Security  League,  American  Defense  Society, 
United  States  Boy  Scouts,  and  United  Military 
Order  of  America,  and  member  Iron  &  Steel  In- 
stitute of  America;  Engineers',  Bankers',  and  New 
York  Athletic  clubs,  New  York  city;  Pomfret 
Club,  Easton,  Pa. ;  Union  League  C'lub  of  New 
Jersey,  several  golf  and  country  clubs,  and  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  married  in  New  York,  Jan.  23,  1890,  to  Maoid, 
daughter  of  Charles  W.  Miller,  and  left  one 
daughter,  Marjorie,  who  was  the  wife  of  Horace 
O 'Sullivan,  U.  S.  N.  He  died  in  New  York  city, 
Mar.  10,  1919. 

WAITE,   Edward   Foote,   jurist,  was  born   at 


Norwich,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1860,  son  of  John  and 
Betsey  Newton  (Foote)  Waite.  His  line  of  des- 
cent from  Thomas  Wayte  (or  Wait  or  Waite),  a 
native,  presumably,  of  Wales,  wno  emigrated  from 
England  in  1638  and  settled  at  Portsmouth,  E.  I., 
is  traced  through  the  latter 's  son,  Benjamin,  and 
his  wife,  Martha  Leonard;  their  son,  John,  and 
his  wife,  Mary  Wells;  their  son,  John,  and  his 
wife,  Mary  Frary;  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Smith,  to  their  son,  Solomon  Waite,  and  his 
wife,  Lucy  Wells,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Edward  Foote  Waite.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Preston,  N.  Y.,  was  a  lawyer.  The  son  received 
his  preliminary  education  at  Norwich  Academy 
and  was  graduated  A.B.  at  Colgate  Univrsitv  in 
1880,  and  LL.B.  at  Columbian  (now  George  Wash- 
ington) University  in  1883,  receiving  the  degree 
LL.M.  from  the  latter  in  1884.  He  was  in  the 
government  service  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Dakota 
territory,  Michigan  and  Minnesota  during  1880- 
97.  As  a  special  examiner  of  the  U.  S.  pension 
bureau,  in  1893,  he  exposed  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  notorious  nests  of  pension  frauds  ever 
discovered,  in  Howard  county,  la.  and  vicinity, 
the  chief  offenders  being  successfully  prosecuted. 
He  first  went  to  Minnesota  in  18S8  and  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Minneapolis,  in  1897,  witli 
Judge  Austin  H.  Young,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Youug  &  Waite.  He  was  assistant  city  attorney  ot 
Minneapolis,  during  1901-02,  and  superintendent 
of  police  in  1902.  Two  years  later  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Minne- 
apolis; was  regularly  elected  to  that  office  in  1906. 
serving  until  1911,  when  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  district  court  in  the  4th  judicial  district  of 
Minnesota.  He  was  elected  to  the  latter  position 
in  1912  for  a  term  of  six  years.  During  1916-17 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Minnesota  child  welfare 
commission,  to  revise  the  laws  of  the  state  relating 
to  children.  He  served  as  a  member  of  two  com- 
missions appointed  to  frame  a  charter  for  Minne- 
apolis, and  in  1908  was  a  member  of  the  Minne- 
apolis vice  commission.  In  the  district  court  he 
has  been  assigned  to  juvenile  court  work,  which 
requires  half  of  his  judicial  time.  Judge  Waite 
is  widely  known  among  juvenile  court  workers  for 
his  child  welfare,  work,  for  his  methods  in  the 
corrections  of  delinquents,  in  the  protection  of  the 
defective,  and  in  securing  a  fair  chance  in  life  for 
the  dependent '  and  neglected.  He  was  president 
of  the  Minnesota  State  Conference  of  Charities 
and  Correction,  Minnesota  Academy  of  Social 
Science  and  Minnesota  Society  for  the  Friendless 
(prisoners'  aid).  He  is  a  member  of  the  Benevo- 
lent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Masonic 
fraternity,  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Phi  Delta  Phi  and 
Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  fraternities,  and  of  the  Uni- 
versity, Social  Service,  Six  O  'Clock,  Athletic  Clubs, 
Minneapolis,  being  a  director  in  the  latter.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Congregational 
church.  He  was  married  May  5,  1892,  to  Alice 
Maud,  daughter  of  Asahel  K.  Eaton,  chemist  and 
inventor,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York. 

BUCK,  Frank  Henry,  capitalist,  was  born  in 
Courtland  county,  N.  Y.,  June  8,  1859,  son  of  Leon 
ard  William  and  Anna  (Bellows)  Buck.  His 
father  went  first  to  Clinton,  la.,  and  later  removed 
to  California,  where  he  became  a  fruit  grower. 
Frank  Henry  Buck  received  his  education  in  tin1 
public  schools,  including  Clinton  (la.)  high  school. 
At  sixteen  he  removed  to  Yacaville,  Cal.,  and  there 
engaged  in  fruit  growing,  meeting  with  unique  suc- 
cess. He  organized  and  subsequently  became  pres- 
ident of  the  Frank  H.  Buck  Fruit  &  Shipping  Co. 


PHILIP    SIDNEY   DYER 


• 


HENRY      BUCK 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Prominent  for  many  years  as  an  orchardist  and 
farmer  he  became  interested  in  1898  in  the  oil  in- 
dustry. He  was  an  organizer  of  the  Associated  Oil 
Co.,  being  an  original  director  in  that  corporation, 
and  he  was  its  vice-president  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Booth-Kelly 
Lumber  Co.,  of  Eugene,  Ore.;  vice-president  West 
Coast  Oil  Co.,  Belridge  Oil  Co.,  Rodeo  Land  & 
Water  Co.,  and  the  Lost  Hills  Investment  Co.;  2d 
vice-president  Amalgamated  Oil  Co.,  and  a  director 
in  the  Associated  Pipe  Line  Co.,  Sterling  Oil  &  De- 
velopment Co.,  Bakersfield  Iron  Works  Co.,  Trans- 
portation Co.  of  Bakersfield,  and  the  California 
Fruit  Distributors  Co.  He  was  also  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  California  state  board  of  horti- 
culture, and  president  of  the  board  of  town  trus- 
tees of  Vacaville,  of  which  he  was  a  member 
for  twelve  years.  He  retained  his  home  at  Vaca- 
ville, but  also  maintained  apartments  at  the  Fair- 
mont Hotel,  San  Francisco.  He  was  a  32d  degree 
Mason,  and  a  member  also  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  the  Bohemian,  Pacific 
Union,  and  San  Francisco  Golf  ai*l  Country  clubs, 
San  Francisco;  Claremont  Country  Club,  Oakland, 
Cal.;  Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  Country  Club;  Slitter 
Club,  Sacramento,  Cal.,  and  the  Commercial  Club, 
Vacaville.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  seemed  to  have  dis- 
tinct prescience  of  the  future  importance  of  Cal- 
ifornia both  as  a  fruit  and  oil  center,  and  his  dis- 
cernment in  anticipating  needs  and  demands  in  the 
furtherance  of  constructive  enterprise  connected 
with  these  industries  was  particularly  noteworthy. 
He  was  thorough  and  painstaking  in  all  things, 
and  guided  with  strong  resourcefulness  the  various 
enterprises  with  which  he  identified  himself.  He 
was  married  at  Vacaville,  Cal.,  Apr.  29,  1886,  to 
Annie  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Andrew  M.  Stevenson, 
a  railroad  builder  of  Vacaville;  she  survives  him, 
with  two  children:  Frank  Henry,  Jr.,  and  Leonard 
William  Buck.  He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
Mar.  9,  1916. 

HAWX.EY,  Newton  Fremont,  lawyer,  banker 
and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Springdale,  Woodbury 
oo.,  la.,  Nov.  2x,  1859,  son  of  Newton  J.  and  Delia 
(Canfield)  Hawley.  His  father,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
was  a  farmer.  The  son  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  Iowa  public  schools,  including  Tipton 
high  school.  He  was  graduated  at  Iowa  College, 
Grinnell,  in  1879,  with  the  degree  A.B.,  receiving 
the  degree  A.M.  from  that  institution  in  1882.  He 
studied  law  in  Minneapolis  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Judge  Woods,  and  in  1884  was  admitted  to  the 
Minneapolis  bar.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Minneapolis  in  that  year,  and  was 
successively  of  the  firms  of  Halm  &  Hawley,  with 
William  j".  Halm;  Halm,  Belden  &  Hawley,  with 
Henry  C.  Belden  and  Belden,  Hawley  &  Jamison, 
with  Robert  Jamison.  In  1906  he  was  elected  sec- 
retary,treasurer  and  trustee  of  The  Farmers'  and 
Mechanics '  Savings  Bank,  of  Minneapolis,  the  post 
of  treasurer  making  him  the  chief  executive  of 
the  institution,  and  this  relation  he  maintained 
until  his  death.  At  this  time  the  bank  had  de- 
posits aggregating  approximately  $25,000,000, 
with  resources  of  like  amount,  and  the  institution, 
founded  during  the  civil  war,  came  to  be  regarded 
as  the  strongest  of  its  kind  in  the  entire  north- 
west. Its  functions  are  those  of  a  mutual  savings 
bank.  It  has  no  stock  or  stockholders.  All  profits 
and  property  are  held  solely  for  the  benefit  of  its 
depositors.  It  has  during  the  period  of  its  exist- 
ence paid  out  in  dividends  to  depositors  more  than 
$15,000,000.  The  public  school  savings  system  'op- 


erated by  the  bank  as  a  special  department  en- 
gaged a  peculiar  share  of  his  interest,  for  he  saw- 
in  it  a  far-reaching  benefit  in  educating  young 
folk  in  thrift  habits.  He  had  served  as  president 
of  the  savings  bank  section  of  the  American 
Bankers'  Association.  For  years  he  was  a  trustee 
of  Grinnell  College,  and  in  Minneapolis  he  had 
shown  specially  vital  and  loyal  interest  in  munici- 
pal affairs,  with  strong  influence  in  the  furthering 
of  civic  and  material  progress  and  the  bettering 
of  local  government.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
city  charter  commissions  of  1898,  1906  and  1908; 
of  the  Minneapolis  pure  water  commission  of  1909; 
of  the  educational  advisory  commission,  and  dur- 
ing 1899-1905  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu- 
cation. Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  and  he 
was  a  communicant  of  Plymouth  Congregational 
Church.  He  was  past  vice-president  and  head  of 
the  civic  division,  Minneapolis  Civic  and  Commerce 
Association ;  was  identified  with  the  affairs  of 
Pillsbury  Settlement  House,  and  held  membership 
in  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science,  National  Municipal  League,  American  Bar 
Association,  Minnesota  State  Bar  Association, 
Hennepin  County  Bar  Association,  and  the  Minne- 
apolis, Minneapolis  Athletic,  Minikahda,  and  Six 
o  'Clock  clubs,  Minneapolis.  His  residence  was  at 
Minneapolis,  and  his  summer  home  was  "Road 
End,"  Maple  Woods,  Lake  Minuet onka,  Minn.  He 
was  public  spirited,  and  all  projects  to  advance 
the  welfare  of  Minneapolis  received  his  hearty 
cooperation.  His  charitable  activities  were  numer- 
ous and  unostentatious.  He  was  married  in  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.,  Sept.  6,  1884,  to  Ellen  M,. 
daughter  of  Francis  Field,  quarries  and  large 
contracting,  of  New  York  city;  she  survives  him, 
with  two  children:  Robert  and  Douglass  Hawley. 
He  died  in  Minneapolis,  July  16,  1918.  (Portrait 
opposite  page  58.) 

THOMAS,  James  Adrian,  Jr.,  soldier  and 
realty  operator,  was  born  at  Dublin.  Ga.,  Mar.  10, 
1870,  son  of  James  A.  and  Josephine  (Corbett) 
Thomas;  grandson  of  Francis  and  Catherine 
(Lightfoot)  Thomas,  and  great-grandson  of  Peter 
Thomas,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Laurens 
county,  resident  of  Dublin,  and  one  of  the  first 
judges  of  the  Laurens  county  court.  James  A. 
Thomas,  father  of  our  subject  and  a  lawyer  of 
Dublin,  entered  the  Confederate  army  at  sixteen, 
serving  throughout  the  war  between  the  states;  he 
is  now  general  of  the  Georgia  division,  United  Con- 
federate Veterans.  The  family  removed  to  Coch- 
ran,  Ga.,  in  1873  and  to  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1S89.  James 
Adrian  Thomas,  Jr.,  received  his  education  at  a 
private  school  at  Cochran,  at  Georgia  Military  Col- 
lege, Milledgeville,  and  Gordon  Institute,  Barnes- 
ville.  He  studied  law  under  his  father,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Georgia,  but  never  prac- 
tised his  profession.  He  entered  the  real  estate 
field  at  Macon  on  his  return  from  the  Spanish- 
American  war,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  the 
A.  T.  Holt  Co.,  and  continued  in  this  relation 
until  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Germany.  He 
early  displayed  interest  in  all  military  affairs, 
and  served  in  every  rank  from  private  (1892)  to 
colonel  (1912)  in  the  Georgia  national  guard,  de- 
voting thirty-three  of  his  forty-eight  years  to  the 
study  of  military  tactics.  His  patriotism,  espe- 
cially his  love  for  his  native  Southland,  was  in- 
tense, and  he  did  not  miss  a  Confederate  memorial 
exercise  in  three  decades.  His  military  career  be- 
gan with  the  celebrated  "Southern  Cadets,"  a 
model  organization  of  Macon.  He  was  sergeant  in 
the  prize  drill  team  of  the  cadets  that  toured  the 
country  and  captured  all  the  first  prizes  in  every 


58 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


drill  they  entered.  Later  he  became  an  officer  in 
the  Macon  Light  Infantry.  During  the  Spanish- 
Americaa  war  he  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  1st 
Georgia  infantry.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the 
2d  Georgia  regiment  in  1912,  and  he  led  that  regi- 
ment to  the  Bio  Grande  border  in  1916  when  trou- 
ble threatened  with  Mexico.  When  war  was  de- 
clared upon  Germany  his  regiment  entered  the  Fed- 
eral service  and  became  the  121st  infantry,  a  unit 
in  the  61st  brigade,  31st  division.  He  was  in  train- 
ing at  Camp  Wheeler  until  his  division  entrained 
for  France,  in  September,  1918,  and  he  died  on  the 
transport  as  his  beloved  troops  were  landing  at 
Brest.  He  trained  the  brigade  from  the  2d  Georgia 
that  was  selected  to  form  the  151st  machine  gun 
battalion,  which  battalion  distinguished  itself 
in  France.  Gen.  Lyon,  commanding  the  division, 
said:  "Col.  Thomas  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  na- 
tional guard  officers  I  have  ever  met."  His  regi- 
ment was  known  throughout  the  South  as  the 
' '  Gray  Bonnet  Regiment, ' '  derived  from  the  song 
of  that  title,  and  which  the  regimental  band  always 
used  for  the  official  air.  His  funeral  cortege  was 
one  of  the  most  imposing  Macou  ever  knew,  for 
his  personal  popularity  in  and  out  of  the  army  was 
great.  He  was  married  at  Macon,  Ga.,  Dec.  20, 
1893,  to  Fannie  Camilla,  daughter  of  Abner  Thur- 
mond Holt,  a  realty  operator  of  Macon ;  she  sur- 
vives him,  with  two  children:  Alberta  Flewellen, 
and  James  Adrian  Thomas,  3d.  He  died  at  Brest, 
France,  Oct.  16,  191S. 

BUCKNER,  Anderson  Duncan,  banker,  was 
born  at  Paris,  Mo.,  Oct.  6,  1862,  son  of  William 
Fitzhugh  Thornton  and  Eliza  (Woods)  Buckner. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John 
Buckner,  who  came  presumably  from  Berkshire 
county,  England,  in  the  early  part  of  the  17th 
century  and  settled  in  Gloucester  county,  Va. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Richard  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Cooke ; 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Judith  Hawes; 
their  son  Francis  and  hs  wife  Lucy  Madison,  to 
their  son  Charles  Boickner  and  his  wife  Susan 
Elizabeth  Thornton,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Anderson  Duncan  Buckner.  Richard  Buckner 
(II)  was  of  Essex  county,  Va.,  and  successive 
generations  of  the  family  were  of  Caroline  county, 
Va.  He  graduated  at  Paris  High  School  at  seven- 
teen. After  a  brief  experience  as  clerk  in  a  local 
grocery  store  he  entered  the  Paris  National  Bank 
in  a  subordinate  position,  and  remained  with  that 
institution  until  his  death.  He  was  promoted  to 
cashier  and  finally  succeeded  to  the  presidency,  al- 
though he  had  served  as  its  practical  head  for 
years  prior  to  his  election  to  that  position.  He  suc- 
ceeded his  father  in  both  positions,  and  to  his 
business  ability  was  due  much  of  the  prestige  and 
success  enjoyed  by  the  institution.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bankers'  Association,  an  honor  conferred 
upon  few  country  bankers,  and  he  declined  re- 
election to  that  post,  as  he  had  repeatedly  de- 
clined calls  to  head  large  city  banking  houses,  pre- 
ferring to  remain  at  Paris.  Mr.  Buekner  was  a 
poet  by  nature,  a  lover  of  the  beautiful,  and  a 
man  of  unusual  vision  and  breadth  of  sympathy. 
He  died  at  Paris,  Mo.,  June  19,  1918. 

HIRSH,  David,  manufacturer  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  May  23, 
1859,  son  of  Herman  and  Barbara  (Hess)  Hirsh, 
who  came  from  Germany  and  settled  in  Louisville. 
His  father  was  a  merchant.  David  Hirsh  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city.  While  yet  a  youth  he  began  his  busi- 
ness career  as  clerk  in  the  manufacturing  house 


of  Price  &  Lucas,  Louisville.  He  founded  the 
firm  of  Charles  Roth  &  Co.,  cider  and  vinegar,  and 
the  firm  of  Fay,  Hirsh  &  Co.,  and  this  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hirsh  Bros.  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
vinegar  and  condiments.  This  firm  met  with  a 
unique  success  and  its  trade  extends  throughout 
many  states.  His  business  career  grew  with  Louis- 
ville. He  divided  his  time  equally  between  vigor- 
ous labor  in  behalf  of  his  personal  interests  and 
work  to  further  the  business  interests  of  the  city 
at  large.  He  was  active  in  presenting  the  claims 
of  Louisville  to  secure  factories,  and  devoted  time 
and  money  to  personally  advertise  the  advantages 
of  the  city.  He  was  a  director  in  the  Louisville 
board  of  trade,  honorary  member  Commercial 
Club,  and  active  in  the  Louisville  Convention  & 
Publicity  League.  He  was  a  dominant  factor  in 
the  Standard  Club;  a  charter  member  in  the 
Travelers'  Protective  Association  of  Louisville, 
and  a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the  Busi- 
ness Women 's  Club.  He  was  a  director  in  the 
Newsboys'  Home,  to  which  he  gave  liberally,  and 
was  prominent  in  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks.  He  held  membership  in  Adath  Is- 
rael congregation,  and  his  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Democratic  party.  His  name  was  fre- 
quently mentioned  as  a  possible  candidate  for 
mayor  of  Louisville,  and  he  represented  the  local 
board  of  trade  at  the  1917  convention  of  the  Ohio 
Valley  Waterways  Association.  He  was  a  colonel 
on  the  staff  of  Gov.  A.  O.  Stanley.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Apr.  23,  1890,  to  Rose,  daughter  of  Louis 
Ichenhauser,  an  importer  and  merchant  of  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.  She  survived  him  with  two  children: 
David  L.,  and  Jessie  B.,  who  married  Edwin  J. 
Schautarber.  He  died  at  Louisville,  Apr.  9,  1917. 
BROOKS,  Edward  Fuller,  civil  engineer  and 
railroad  officer,  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
N.  J.,  Sept.  30,  1848,  son  of  Alpheus  and  Sarah 
(Watson)  Brooks.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  Ed- 
ward F.  Brooks  was  graduated  at  the  scientific 
department  of  Rutgers  College,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1872,  receiving  the  degrees  B.S.  and  C.E.  From 
that  time  until  his  retirement  from  active  profes- 
sional cares  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Co.,  and  its  affiliated  lines.  He  be- 
gan his  railway  career  at  Jersey  City  as  assistant 
in  the  offices  of  the  assistant  engineer  of  the  New 
York  division.  He  was  appointed  supervisor  of 
that  division,  with  headquarters  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, serving  in  that  capacity  during  1878-80.  For 
the  next  three  years  he  was  assistant  engineer  of 
the  middle  division  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad  Co.,  Pennsylvania  system.  He  spent  the 
ensuing  decade  as  engineer  of  maintenance  of  way, 
United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey,  likewise  Penn- 
sylvania system,  and  he  was  also  acting  super- 
intendent of  the  New  York  division  during  1891- 
92.  His  next  position  was  as  superintendent  of 
the  Maryland  division,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
&  Baltimore  Railroad,  during  1893-95.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  made  superintendent  of  the 
New  York  division,  United  Railroads  of  New  Jer- 
sey, continuing  in  that  capacity  until  1899,  when 
he  was  appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore,  the  name 
of  which  company  was  later  changed  to  the  Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore  &  Washington  Railroad  Co.  He 
retired  in  1914  to  his  home,  "  Buttonwood," 
Lansdowue,  Pa.  He  was  then  placed  011  the  roll 
of  honor,  or  pension  list,  of  the  company.  He  had 
always  been  a  worker  and  found  it  irksome  not  to 
be  still  actively  engaged.  He  accordingly  devoted 
his  remaining  days  to  civic  activities.  His  poli- 
tical affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party,  and 


NEWTON  F.  HAWLEY 
BANKER 


JAMES  A.  THOMAS 

SOLDIER 


ANDERSON  D.  BUCKNER 
BANKER 


DAVID  HIRSH 
MANUFACTURER 


THE  NATURAL  C  YOU  X'ELH  A  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


r,o 


he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
He  became  prominent  in  the  railway  engineering 
history  of  the  East.  He  belonged  to  the  era  of 
practical  training  which  brought  forward  so  many 
gifted  men  in  the  period  following  the  civil  war. 
He  was  a  sound  and  straight  thinker,  a  man  of 
great  power  of  application,  an  analytical  reasoner, 
a  diligent  and  painstaking  worker.  He  had  the 
grace,  the  refinement  and  broad  culture  of  the 
scholar.  His  pleasing  personality  intensified  the 
impression  of  good  fellowship  by  which  he  put 
everyone  at  ease,  and  he  inspired  such  confidence 
in  his  integrity  that  he  was  constantly  sought  as 
an  adviser.  He  was  married  at  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.,  Feb.,  1*74,  to  Anna  M.,  daughter  of  John 
Harretson,  a  farmer,  of  Xew  Brunswick,  N.  J.;  she 
died  in  1916.  Two  children  survive:  Anna  B.,  who 
married  Howard  E.  Bushnell,  and  Cora  S.  Brooks, 
of  Lansdowne,  Pa.  Edward  Fuller  Brooks  died  at 
Lansdowne,  Pa.,  Jan.  14,  1916. 

JOHNSON,  Henry  Charles,  banker,  was  born 
at  Seymour,  Ind.,  June  20,  1868,  son  of  Daniel  W. 
and  Rebecca  (McMinn)  Johnson.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  Seymour  and  was  graduated  at  Han- 
over (IruL)  College  in  1SS9  with  the  degree  A.B. 
Meanwhile,  he  had  been  a  worker  during  almost 
all  of  his  active  career.  As  a  mere  youth  he  was 
carrier  for  the  Seymour  "Daily  Democrat,"  and 
as  a  consequence  of  good  work  and  business  sagac- 
ity saved  money  in  that  position.  Following  his 
graduation  he  became  time  clerk  for  a  brief  period 
in  the  yards  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  at 
Seymour.  He  next  took  a  position  with  the  Jack- 
son County  Bank  as  teller,  and  from  this  position 
he  became,  through  successive  promotions,  the  head 
of  the  Seymour  National  Bank,  successor  of  the 
first  named  institution.  He  was  made  its  president 
in  1903,  having  previously  served  nine  years  as 
cashier.  During  1907-08  he  was  president  of  the 
Indiana  Bankers'  Association,  and  his  interest  and 
zeal  for  the  upbuilding  of  this  organization  was 
manifest  to  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1912  he  was 
elected  a  member  from  Indiana  of  the  executive 
council  of  the  American  Bankers '  Association, 
serving  three  years  in  that  capacity.  From  1915 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Southeastern  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  His  poli- 
tical affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party, 
and  he  was  a  member  of  the  Phi  Delta  Theta 
fraternity.  Not  only  was  the  influence  of  Henry 
C.  Johnson  felt  in  the  financial  world  about  him, 
but  his  hearty  co-operation  could  be  depended 
upon  in  the  furtherance  of  any  movement  for  the 
public  good.  His  delightful  personality  and  equit- 
able disposition  made  his  influence  perhaps  the 
most  potent  of  any  individual  force  in  the  com- 
munity and  caused  him  to  be  a  factor  in  almost 
every  local  undertaking  of  any  magnitude.  He 
seemed  to  have  so  much  in  common  with  all  man- 
kind that  his  friends  were  legion.  He  was  a  really 
big  man  in  the  broadest  sense.  He  was  married 
at  Seymour,  Ind.,  Mar.  15,  1893,  to  Mattie  F., 
daughter  of  William  W.  Tabb,  of  Seymour;  she 
survived  him.  He  died  at  Seymour,  Ind.,  Nov.  21, 
1916. 

CHANDLER,  John  Gorham,  soldier,  was  born 
near  Lexington.  Mass.,  Dec.  31,  1830,  son  of  Daniel 
and  Susanna  (Downing)  Chandler.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Roger  Chandler, 
who  came  from  England  prior  to  1640,  and  was 
of  a  company  who  obtained  a  land  grant  at  Con- 
cord, N.  H..  in  1656.  From  him  the  line  of  de- 
scent is  traced  through  his  son  Samuel;  his  son 
Samuel;  his  son  John  and  his  wife  Beulah  Mer- 


riam,  and  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Peggy 
Mack,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  John  Gor- 
ham Chandler.  He  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  and  high  schools,  and  at 
seventeen  received  an  appointment  to  the  U.  S. 
Military  Academy,  where  he  was  graduated  in 
1.851  with  rank  of  lieutenant.  During  1853-54 
he  served  in  the  Indian  wars  in  the  Pacific  north- 
west, notably  at  Rogue  river,  Ore.  In  1860  he 
was  a  captain,  stationed  at  Drum  Barracks,  now 
Wilmington,  Cal.,  and  was  ordered  by  the  war 
department  to  escort  Surveyor  General  Clark  on 
a  reconuoitering  expedition  to  Arizona  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  permanent  seat  of  gov- 
ernment for  the  new  territory.  The  command  of 
fifty  officers  and  men  made  many  camps  and 
finally  located  at  what  is  now  known  as  Simmons 
Spring,  in  Miller  valley.  He  suggested  the  name 
of  the  capital,  and,  in  1863,  Prescott  was  officially 
christened.  He  was  ordered  East  for  the  civil 
war  and  attached  to  the  artillery  corps,  but  was 
subsequently  transferred  to  the  quartermaster's 
department  on  the  general's  staff.  There  he 
served  all  through  the  war,  participating  in  the 
battles  of  Shiloh,  Tenn. ;  Perryville,  Ky. ;  Carni- 
fax  Ferry,  W.  Va.:  Mansfield,  Mo.,  and  Red 
River,  Ark.,  making  such  a  record  of  faithfulness 
and  capacity  that  when  the  war  was  over  he  had 
attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  Thereafter  he 
served  in  the  army  at  most  of  the  posts  in  the 
country,  reached  the  rank  of  brigadier  general, 
and  retired  in  1895,  when  he  took  up  his  residence 
in  Los  Angeles.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  Sons  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution.  Throughout  his  residence  in  Los 
Angeles  he  served  as  a  vestryman  of  St.  Paul's 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  His  life  was  as 
quiet  as  his  character  was  modest.  Refined  in 
speech,  pure  in  thought,  gentle  in  spirit,  he  was 
a  rare  type  of  Christian  gentleman  and  an  officer 
who  was  an  honor  to  the  service.  He  was  married 
at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  in  1892,  to  Louise,  widow  of 
Capt  T.  D.  Maurice,  U.  S.  A.,  and  daughter  of 
Dalrymple  F.  Carnegie.  Mrs.  Chandler  died  in 
1901,  leaving  one  son,  Logan  Bertram  Chandler. 
Mr.  Chandler  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  June  20, 
1915. 

WHEELER,  Dewitt  Clinton,  banker,  was 
born  in  Farmer  Village  (now  Interlaken),  N.  Y., 
Dec.  13,  1838,  son  of  Nathan  Beach  and  Anne 
(Rappleye)  Wheeler.  His  first  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Thomas  Wheeler,  who  came 
to  this  country  from  Cranefield,  Bedfordshire. 
Eng.,  and  settled  at  Concord,  Mass.,  in  1635; 
from  him  and  his  wife,  Anne  Halsey,  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  John  ami 
hi*  wife,  Judith  Furney;  their  son  John  and  his 
wife,  Lydia  Porter;  their  son  Jabez  and  his 
wife,  Charity  Beach;  their  son  Nathan  and  his 
wife,  Abigail  Oakley,  and  their  son  Levi  and 
his  wife,  Charity  Bradley,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  His  ma- 
ternal grandfather.  Peter  Rappleye,  owned  the 
section  of  land  on  which  Interlaken  now  stands, 
and  Mr.  Wheeler's  boyhood  home  was  the  farm 
on  the  edge  of  the  village.  Judge  Nathan 
Beach  Wheeler,  our  subject 's  father,  came  from 
Fairfield  county,  Conn.,  in  1816,  and  taught  in 
the  first  schoolhouse  erected  in  Farmer  Village. 
He  was  a  public-spirited  man,  and  occupied 
many  important  public  offices.  Dewitt  C.  Wheeler 
began  his  active  career  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness. In  1872,  with  his  brother,  Oscar  G. 
Wheeler,  he  established  the  banking  house  of  O. 
G.  &  D.  C.  Wheeler,  which  is  still  conducting 


60 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


the  banking  business  of  the  community  in  which 
it  was  started.  Like  his  father  and  grand- 
father, Mr.  Wheeler's  life  was  very  closely  iden- 
tified with  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
community  in  which  so  many  generations  of  his 
family  have  lived,  and  through  his  many  busi- 
ness activities  he  was  well  known  in  central 
New  York.  In  polities  he  was  a  life-long  Dem- 
ocrat, and 'for  several  terms  served  the  township 
in  which  he  lived  as  supervisor.  He  also  served 
for  a  long  period  as  a  member  of  the  Inter- 
laken  board  of  education.  His  entire  life 
reached  the  highest  standard  of  integrity,  hon- 
esty of  purpose  and  of  fidelity'  to  duty.  He 
was  a  wise  counselor  and  of  sound  judgment. 
Always  ready  to  contribute  of  his  substance  to 
every  worthy  cause,  his  benefactions  were  be- 
stowed so  quietly  that  few  were  aware  of  them. 
He  was  a  life  long  member  of  the  Reformed 
church,  and  always  one  of  its  most  devoted 
workers  and  liberal  supporters;  he  had  served 
as  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school,  as 
treasurer,  and  on  the  consistory  as  deacon  and 
elder,  his  term  being  one  of  the  longest  in  the 
history  of  the  church.  He  was  twice  married : 
(1)  June  6,  1872,  to  Mahala  D.,  daughter  of 
Rev.  William  Brush  of  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  and 
hail  one  son,  William  D.  Wheeler.  Mrs.  Wheeler 
died  in  1895,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Sept.  12, 
1899.  to  Amelia,  daughter  of  Philander  Dicker- 
sun,  of  Chester,  Morris  county,  N.  J.,  who  sur- 
vives him.  Mr.  Wheeler  died  at  Interlaken, 
N.  Y.,  July  IT,  1916. 

GAGE,  Stephen  Thornton,  pioneer,  was  born 
in  Ashtabula,  0.,  Mar.  7,  1831,  eldest  son  of  Joshua 
Lancaster  and  Anna  (Taft)  Gage.  His  first 
American  ancestor  was  John  Gage,  who  came  over 
to  the  colonies  with  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  landing  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  June  12,  1630;  in  1633  they,  with 
ten  others,  were  the  first  proprietors  of  Ipswich. 
John  Gage  married  (1)  Anna  -  — ,  (2)  Sarah 
Keyes,  and  (3)  Mary  Keyes.  From  him  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Daniel,  who 
married  Sarah  Kimball;  their  son,  Daniel,  who 
married  Martha  Burbank;  their  son,  Daniel,  who 
married  Ruth  —  — ;  their  son,  Abner,  who  mar- 
ried (1)  Susan  Ober,  and  (2)  Nancy  Rogers,  and 
was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Stephen  T.  Gage  lived  on  his  father's  farm  until 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  Attracted  to  California  by 
the  gold  excitement,  he  and  four  companions 
started  for  the  West  in  1852,  crossing  the  plains 
with  four  yoke  of  oxen  in  the  remarkably  short 
period  of  100  days.  Reaching  Hangtown  (now 
Placerville),  Cal.,  he  spent  a  year  in  placer  mining, 
and  in  official  work  for  the  city  and  county.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  to  the  California  legislature, 
being  the  youngest  member  of  that  body.  The 
rich  return  from  the  celebrated  Comstock  lode  was 
attracting  to  Eldorado '  county  an  ever-increasing 
number  of  prospectors.  In  1860  young  Gage  pur- 
chased 100  pack  mules  and  established  a  freighting 
business  over  the  Sierras,  carrying  supplies  to  the 
miners  from  Virginia  City,  Nev.  From  the  savings 
of  two  years  in  this  business  he  built  the  Masonic 
block  in  Virginia  City  and  invested  heavily  in  the 
Hale  and  Norcross  mine,  a  venture  that  proved 
unsuccessful.  Continuing  his  interest  in  local 
politics,  he  became  one  of  the  strongest  figures 
in  Nevada  during  the  civil  war  period.  The  pro- 
slavery  element  was  strongly  intrenched  in  Nevada, 
and  Mr.  Gage,  more  than  any  other  one  man, 
was  influential  in  keeping  Nevada  loyal.  As  sec- 
retary of  the  State  Central  committee  he  had  en- 
tire charge  of  the  state  and  national  election  of 


1864.  While  serving  as  United  States  collector  of 
internal  revenue  his  services  were  sought  by  the 
promoters  of  the  transcontinental  railway,  and  he 
resigned  the  office  of  collector  to  become  assistant 
to  Leland  Stanford,  the  president  of  the  new  road. 
He  had  charge  of  the  purchasing  branch  of  the 
business,  and  of  protecting  the  company  from  leg- 
islative attacks  in  Nevada.  His  extensive  and 
favorable  acquaintance  among  business  men  and 
politicians  along  the  line  from  Ogden  to  San  Fran- 
cisco made  him  a  valuable  factor  in  the  early  de- 
velopment of  the  Central  and  Southern  Pacific 
railroads,  to  which  he  devoted  nearly  forty  years 
of  his  life.  He  never  was  a  candidate  for  political 
office,  but  was  a  Warwick  in  securing  oifices  for 
others.  At  one  time  he  had  under  charter  100 
ships  loaded  with  coal  for  the  railroads,  and  during 
1890-1905  he  was  general  manager  of  the  lone 
(Cal.)  Iron  and  Cattle  Ranch,  of  35,000  acres. 
Mr.  Gage  was  married  Mar.  17,  1875,  to  Bessie, 
daughter  of  Capt.  Artemas  Tirrell  Fletcher,  of 
San  Francisco.  She  died  in  1895,  leaving  five  chil- 
dren: Mabel  Thornton,  who  married  Dr.  Joseph 
Loran  Pease;  Ethel  Fletcher,  who  married  George 
Ernest  Gross;  Bessie  Stanford,  who  married  Wil- 
liam Henry  Richardson,  Jr.:  George  G.,  and 
Stephen  Norris  Gage.  He  died  at  Oakland,  Calif., 
Sept.  30,  1916. 

GILLIAM,  David  Tod,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  at  Hebron,  O.,  Apr.  3,  1844,  son  of 
William  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Bryan)  Gilliam, 
both  of  eastern  Virginia.  On  his  mother's  side  he 
is  a  descendant  of  the  Lee  family.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools;  enlisted  in  the  Federal 
army  in  the  spring  of  1861,  being  then  but  seven- 
teen years  of  age.  He  remained  constantly  in  the 
Meld  until  the  fall  of  1862,  when,  as  commander 
of  the  rear  guard  of  a  retreating  army,  he  was 
shot  through  the  chest  and  taken  prisoner.  He 
managed  to  escape,  and  after  a  perilous  journey 
through  the  wilds  of  western  Virginia,  arrived  at 
his  home  at  Middleport,  O.  With  shattered  health 
he  pursued  his  studies,  clerked  in  a  store,  attended 
Bartlett  's  Commercial  College  at  Cincinnati,  and 
finally  took  up  the  study  of  medicine,  reading  at 
night  after  his  day 's  work  was  completed.  He 
enlisted  again,  but  was  immediately  discharged  for 
physical  disability.  In  1871  he  was  graduated  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  and  commenced  prac- 
tice at  Nelsonville,  O.  He  was  an  active  contribu- 
tor to  medical  literature.  In  1.877  he  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  general  pathology  in  the  Columbus 
Medical  College,  to  which  city  he  removed.  Here 
he  soon  acquired  a  lucrative  practice.  In  1880  he 
accepted  the  chair  of  physiology  in  Starling  Medi- 
cal College,  and  in  1885  that  of  obstetrics  and  dis- 
eases of  women  in  the  same  institution,  continuing 
thus  until  1905,  when  he  became  emeritus  profes- 
sor. He  is  also  gynecologist  to  the  St.  Francis 
and  St.  Anthony  hospitals.  For  many  years  Dr. 
Gilliam  has  given  special  attention  to  gyneco- 
logical work  and  abdominal  surgery.  In  this  latter 
department  he  has  achieved  a  gratifying  success, 
his  rates  of  recoveries  in  the  last  series  being 
ninety-five  out  of  one  hundred.  He  originated 
operations  for  suspension  of  the  uterus,  for  cysto- 
ci>le,  and  for  incontinence  of  urine  in  the  female. 
He  has  also  devised  many  surgical  instruments 
and  the  Gilliam  operating  table.  He  is  the  author 
of  "The  Pocket-Book  of  Medicine"  (1S82)  ;  "The 
Essentials  of  Pathology"  (1883)  ;  "Practical  Gyne- 
cology"  (1903);  "The  Rose  Croix"  (1906),  and 
"Richard  Devereaux"  (1915),  and  has  published 
numerous  papers  on  medical  subjects,  chiefly  con- 
fined to  his  specialty.  He  is  an  honorary  fellow 


DANIEL  A.  GU1LTINAN 

JURIST 


CARLILE  .MASON 

MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGR  \PHY. 


fil 


of  th«  American  Association  of  Obstetricians  and 
Gynecologists  (vice-president  1905-6)  ;  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  Ohio  State 
Medical  Association,  and  Columbus  Academy  of 
Medicine;  former  president  of  the  Franklin  County 
Medical  Society;  honorary  member  of  Northwest- 
ern Ohio  Medical  Association,  and  member  of  the 
Pan-American  Medical  Congress  and  the  World 's 
Medical  Congress.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  religion  a  Congregationalist.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Oct.  7,  1S66,  to  Lucinda  E.,  daughter  of 
Judge  T.  L.  Mintun,  of  Nelsonville,  O.,  and  has 
three  children:  Earl  M.,  Robert  Lee  and  Myrtle 
Gillinm. 

GUILTINAN,  Daniel  Aloysius,  jurist,  was 
born  at  Bennington,  Vt.,  Oct.  21,  1873,  son  of 
Francis  and  Ann  (Fleming)  Guiltinan.  Francis 
Guiltinan,  father  of  the  subject  and  a  native  of 
Ireland,  was  a  merchant.  Daniel  A.  Guiltinan  re- 
ceived his  education  at  St.  Francis  de  Sales 
Academy  and  at  Bennington  high  school.  He 
studied  law  at  Benniugton  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Batchelder  &  Bates;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Vermont  in  1896,  and  in  that  year  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Benningtou.  For 
six  years  he  was  referee  in  bankruptcy  in  the 
Bennington  district;  served  as  a  member  of  the 
commission  to  revise  the  Vermont  statutes;  was 
clerk  of  the  revision  committee  of  the  state  legis- 
lature during  1914-15,  and  from  1917  was  judge 
of  the  municipal  court,  by  appointment  of  Gov. 
Graham.  He  was  a  4th  degree  member  of  the 
Knights  of  Columbus;  held  membership  also  in  the 
Alhambra,  Albany;  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks,  and  in  various  bar  associations. 
He  was  a  communicant  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales 
Church,  and  politically  was  a  Republican.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  He  was 
especially  interested  in  educational  matters,  and 
always  insisted  that  the  future  of  Bennington  de- 
pended upon  keeping  its  schools  at  the  highest 
standard.  His  public  spirit  made  him  greatly 
sought  in  all  civic  efforts,  and  he  gave  liberally 
to  all  charitable  and  philanthropic  undertakings. 
He  had  a  fine  appreciation  of  the  best  things  in 
life,  and  a  sense  of  the  amenities  that  make  life 
worth  while.  He  was  married  at.  Bennington,  Vt., 
Oct.  21,  1913,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Mc- 
Dermott,  a  carpenter,  of  Bennington;  she  survives 
him.  He  died  at  Bennington,  June  16,  1918. 

HINKLE,  Anthony  Howard,  publisher  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  Dec.  7, 
1842,  son  of  Anthony  Hughes  and  Frances  (Schill- 
inger)  Hinkle.  The  name  is  spelled  both  Hinkle 
and  Henkel.  His  first  ancestor  in  America  was 
Rev.  Gerhard  Henkel  who  came  from  Germany  in 
1740  and  settled  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  and  was  the 
first  Lutheran  minister  who  officiated  in  Philadel- 
phia and  Germantown.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Cincinnati,  and  the  Chickering 
Academy  and  began  his  business  career  in  1862 
as  a  journeyman  binder  with  the  publishing  house 
of  W.  B.  Smith  &  Co.,  who  issued  the  McGuffey 
school  books.  In  1865  he  became  clerk  for  the 
book  firm  of  Sargent,  Wilson  &  Hinkle,  and  was 
advanced  step  by  step  until  he  reached  the  head 
of  the  business.  Sargent,  Wilson  &  Hinkle  was 
succeeded  by  ATan  Antwerp,  Bragg  &  Co.,  and  when 
the  latter  was  taken  over  by  the  American  Book 
Co.  in  1890,  Mr.  Hinkle  was  appointed  managing 
director  of  sales  and  financial  manager  for  Cin- 
cinnati, 0.  He  resigned  a  year  later  and  after  a 
trip  to  Europe  was  elected  to  the  directorate,  upon 
which  he  served  until  his  death.  He  was  interested 
in  various  other  commercial,  industrial  and  finan- 


cial institutions  of  the  city:  was  president  of  the 
Ashland  Iron  &  Steel  Co.^  of  Ashland,  Wis.,  the 
largest  charcoal  iron  furnace  in  the  world;  was 
treasurer  of  the  John  Church  Co.,  and  a  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati  and  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gas  Light  &•  Coke  Co.  He  was 
identified  with  every  important  movement  for  the. 
civic,  municipal  or  political  betterment  of  his  na- 
tive city,  and  he  was  ever  a  leader  in  its  social  and 
philanthropic  work.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  or- 
ganizers of  the  old  Cincinnati  Musical  Club,  the 
predecessor  of  the  Philharmonic  Orchestra,  of 
which  he  was  the  chief  executive  and  he  was  one 
of  the  active  promoters  of  the  American  Opera 
Co.,  of  New  York,  which  led  to  the  building  of 
the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  in  that  city  and  the 
formation  of  the  Metropolitan  Opera  &  Realty  Co. 
Mr.  Hinkle  was  married  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  Nov. 
19,  1874,  to  Katherine,  daughter  of  William  Henry 
Davis,  who  survived  him,  with  three  daughters: 
Katherine,  wife  of  George  H.  Ingalls;  Frances, 
wife  of  A.  Clifford  Shinkle,  and  Marie  Therese 
Hinkle.  He  died  at  Hot  Springs,  Va.,  May  25,  1911. 
MASON",  Carlile,  son  of  George  and  Isabelle 
(Neilson)  Mason,  was  born  in  Scotland,  'May  7, 
1817.  He  was  a  skillful  engineer  and  mechanic, 
and  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1843,  sail- 
ing from  Glasgow  in  a  three-masted  full-rigged 
ship,  and  landed  six  weeks  later  in  New  York; 
from  here  by  canal  boat,  stage  and  steamer,  he 
went  to  Sterling,  111.,  then  a  straggling  pioneer 
village  on  Rock  River,  where  he  had  two  ol<lrr 
brothers  living,  John  and  Nelson.  Here  was 
rented  a  log  cabin.  Late  the  following  spring, 
1844,  he  with  his  family  moved  to  Chicago.  Until 
1852,  he  found  work  as  foreman  blacksmith,  first 
with  P.  W.  Gates  and  later  with  S.  B.  C'obb,  who 
at  that  time  had  the  largest  shops  in  the  city. 
While  with  P.  W.  Gates,  he  had  under  his  suprr- 
vision  the  making  of  the  iron  work  for  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal,  then  under  construction. 
About  1850,  while  in  the  employ  of  Cobb,  he,  to- 
gether with  a  brother-in-law,  Henry  Warrington, 
was  sent  to  Fon  du  Lac,  Wis.,  to  install  the  ma- 
chinery (built  in  Cobb 's  shops)  in  the  first  steam 
boat  to  run  on  Lake  Winnebago.  The  following 
year  a  second  steamer  was  built  and  Mason  was 
sent  to  install  its  boilers  and  engines,  and  he  re- 
mained as  engineer  until  the  boat  \\iis  laid  up  for 
the  winter.  In  1852  with  another  brother-in-law, 
John  McArthur,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  Mason 
and  McArthur,  a  small  shop  was  established  for 
general  machine  shop  practice.  The  business  pros- 
pered during  the  succeeding  years,  building  many 
boilers  and  engines  and  building  for  the  Chicago 
Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.,  a  gas  holder,  the  largest  at 
that  time  in  the  city.  In  1855,  new  shops  were 
built  and  equipped  with  modern  tools  and  appli- 
ances. Then  came  the  panic  and  hard  times  of 
1857-58,  with  "stump-tail"  currency  to  aggravate 
matters.  This  was  followed  in  1859  with  a  great 
fire  in  which  more  than  four  square  blocks  were 
destroyed  and  the  entire  plant  swept  away,  with 
the  loss  of  all  insurance.  The  firm  was  broken  up 
— Carlile  Mason  starting  anew  and  assuming  the 
obligations  of  the  old  firm.  The  business  grew 
slowly  for  a  year  or  two;  then  came  the  civil  war. 
During  this  period  1861-65,  Carlile  Mason  was 
strenuously  building  up  a  new  establishment,  push- 
ing the  business  into  new  lines  and  making  a  suc- 
cess of  whatever  he  undertook.  In.  1866,  George 
Mason,  his  son,  and  John  Mohr  were  admitted  to 
partnership  and  the  firm  was  Carlile  Mason  &  Co., 
and  the  business  very  much  enlarged.  The  plant  now 
consisted  of  a  Foundry,  Machine  Shop  and  Boiler 


THE     NATIONAL.     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Shop.  In  1887,  the  establishment  was  known  as 
the  Excelsior  Iron  Works  and  in  December  of  this 
year,  a  corporation  was  formed  with  Carlile  Mason, 
Pres  't ;  John  Mohr,  Yice-Pres  't ;  and  George  Mason, 
Secretary.  John  Mohr  retired  in  1882,  selling  his 
stock  to  Carlile  and  George  Mason.  The  Excelsior 
Iron  Works  were  manufacturers  of  machinery 
for  public  works,  i.e.,  dredges,  pile  drivers,  bridge 
turning  machinery,  together  with,  mining  machin- 
ery, rolling  mill  and  blast  furnace  work,  gas 
work,  marine  and  stationary  engines  and  boilers. 
Of  the  six  dipper  dredges  used  in  digging  a  por- 
tion of  the  Chicago  main  drainage  channel,  five 
were  built  by  the  Excelsior  Iron  Works.  Their 
dredges  are  still  being  operated  on  Lakes  Supe- 
rior, Michigan  and  Erie.  Machinery  for  swinging 
bridges  in  Chicago,  Jacksonville.  Florida,  and  many 
other  places  were  manufactured  by  the  Excelsior 
Iron  Works.  Mining  machinery  was  manufactured 
and  shipped  to  many  places  and  countries;  a  120 
stamp  mill  to  the  Black  Hills,  a  50  stamp  mill  to 
Idaho  and  to  North  Carolina  and  Colorado,  and 
abroad  to  Venezuela,  South  Africa  and  lesser 
plants  in  Mexico.  Some  of  these  plants  were  built 
entire,  including  buildings  and  every  necessary  ap- 
purtenance for  their  operation.  Hoisting  or  wind- 
ing engines  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  coal 
mines  were  also  among  the  products  of  this  com- 
pany. In  1878-79  and  '80  the  Excelsior  Iron  Works 
built,  the  blast  furnaces,  hot  stoves,  all  the  boilers 
and  air  pipes,  converters  and  cupolas,  and  several 
dock  engines  for  the  Illinois  Steel  Co.  at  South 
Chicago,  now  a  part  of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corpora- 
tion. At  the  same  time  they  equipped  the  works 
of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.  at  Pullman  with 
all  their  boilers.  The  mechanical  end  of  all  this 
work  was  carried  out  under  the  personal  super- 
vision of  Carlile  Mason;  he  became  an  American 
citizen  January  15th,  1858.  In  politics,  he  was  a 
Republican;  in  the  50 's  he  was  called  an  aboli- 
tionist. He  espoused  the  candidacy  of  John  C. 
Freemont,  although  denied  a  vote  and  his  first 
vote  in  national  politics  was  for  Abraham  Lincoln. 
From  1862-66  he  was  U.  S.  steamboat  inspec- 
tor of  boilers  and  engines  on  the  Great  Lakes.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
November,  1870,  and  served  two  terms.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Chicago  Police  and  Fire 
Commissioners  during  187.1-75.  In  1S76,  the  Gov- 
ernor appointed  him  a  member  of  the  Commis- 
sioners for  Illinois,  to  the  Centenial  Exposition  at 
Philadelphia.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  prom- 
inently identified  with  the  Chicago  Sanitary  Com- 
mission. He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  Club.  He  was  an  authority  on  steam  and 
its  uses;  his  improvements  in  boiler  construction 
are  still  embodied  in  their  construction.  He  was 
married  to  Jean  McArthur,  June  6,  1839,  and  had 
five  children.  He  died  in  Chicago,  July  6.  1901. 
MASON,  George,  manufacturer,  was  born  in 
Paisley,  Scotland,  Mar.  1,  1840,  son  of  Carlile 
(above)  and  Jean  (McArthur)  Mason.  He  was 
educated  in  the  private  school  of  M.  B.  Gleason 
and  in  the  scientific  department  of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  leaving  college  in  his  senior  year  to 
enter  the  Federal  army.  In  September,  1861,  he 
joined  the  12th  Illinois  infantry  volunteers  as  a 
private,  and  was  successively  promoted  for  meri- 
torious service  on  many  battlefields  to  sergeant, 
lieutenant,  adjutant,  captain,  serving  all  through 
the  war  and  coming  out  with  the  rank  of  brevet 
major.  He  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McArthur 
at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  where  his  horse  was  killed 
under  him;  for  meritorious  conduct  there  he  was 


promoted  adjutant,  and  later  acting-  assistant  ad- 
jutant-general on  Gen.  Oglesby's  staff;  he  served 
with  the  sixteenth  army  corps  in  the  campaigns  of 
the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  up  to  the  fall  of  At- 
lanta ;  he  was  honorably  discharged  July  28,  1864, 
and  "for  gallant  and  meritorious  service"  was 
breveted  major  Mar.  6,  1865.  In  1866,  together 
with  John  Mohr,  he  was  admitted  to  partnership 
in  his  father's  business,  the  firm  becoming  Carlile 
Mason  &  Co.  In  ]S73  the  establishment  was 
known  as  the  Excelsior  Iron  Works  and  about 
1875  a  corporation  was  formed  with  Carlile  Mason, 
president;  John  Mohr,  vice-president;  and  George 
Mason,  secretary.  In  1879  John  Mohr  retired, 
selling  his  stock  to  Carlile  and  George  Mason,  who 
continued  as  secretary,  and  later  as  vice-president 
and  president  of  the  Exc-elsior  Iron  Works  until 
1902.  At  that  time  a  merger  was  formed  by  the 
sale  of  all  the  stock  to  the  Miehle  Printing  Press 
&  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  he  'became  vice-president 
of  the  last-named  company,  holding  the  position 
until  he  retired  from  active  business  Sept.  30,  1910. 
He  is  now  (1918)  president  of  the  Superior  Con- 
struction Co.,  manufacturers  of  crushed  granite; 
and  a  director  in  the  Midland  Terra  Cotta  Co. 
During  1873-80  he  was  a  director  of  the  Chicago 
Public  Library,  and  in  1880-91  a  director  and 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Inter- 
state Industrial  Exposition.  Mr.  Mason  was  one 
of  the  prime  movers  of  the  World  's  Columbian  Ex- 
position, having  suggested  the  following  resolu- 
tion which  was  read  and  adopted  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  directors  of  the  Interstate  Indus- 
trial Exposition,  and  referred  to  the  Commercial 
Club:  "Resolved,  that  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meet- 
ing that  a  great  World  's  Fair  should  be  held  in 
Chicago  in  the  year  1V>2,  the  400th  anniversary  of 
the  landing  of  Columbus  in  America. ' '  From 
1885  to  1892  he  was  a  park  commissioner  for  the 
west  division  of  Chicago ;  was  Illinois  Commis- 
sioner to  the  Paris  exposition  in  1900;  and  for 
ten  years  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  inspectors 
of  the  House  of  Correction,  1901-11.  On  his  re- 
tirement from  the  last-named  office  his  fellow 
members  of  the  board,  in  their  published  report, 
said:  "Maj.  George  Mason,  president  of  the 
board  of  inspectors,  is  rounding  out  ten  years  of 
continuous  service  as  a  board  member,  during 
which  time  the  institution  has  made  many  im- 
provements, additions  and  sundry  innovations, 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  those  competent  to  judge, 
has  placed  it.  in  the  front  rank  of  penal  institutions 
in  the  United  States.  ...  A  scholar,  a  soldier  and 
a  savant,  a  traveler  of  world-wide  experience;  in- 
terested today  in  his  seventy-first  year  in  the  prog- 
ress and  in  the  betterment  of  civic  conditions." 
Mr.  Mason  was  also  commissioner  and  secretary 
of  the  Shiloh  Battle  Field  Commission;  and  since 
1887  has  been  a  director  of  the  Central  Free  Dis- 
pensary. He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  Tem- 
plar; companion  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  (commander  of  the  Illinois  Com- 
mandery,  1903)  ;  comrade  of  George  H.  Thomas 
Post,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  and  past  com- 
mander of  America  Post ;  first  vice-president  of 
the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  (direc- 
tor and  former  president,  and  president  of  the 
local  branch)  ;  director  and  ex-president  of  the 
Grand  Army  Hall  and  Memorial  Association; 
Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences.  Mr.  Mason  is 
characterized  by  strict  integrity,  fair  play,  prompt 
fulfillment  of  all  obligations,  and  recognition  and 
appreciation  of  the  courtesy  and  help  of  friends. 
He  was  married:  (1)  June  18,  1867,  to  Ella  B. 
Slocum  of  Chicago;  she  died  Dec.  22,  1905,  leaving 


/<' 
&a 


P  :  - 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


63 


one  child,  Carlile  Mason,  civil  engineer,  and  a 
major,  U.  S.  ordnance,  in  France  during  the  war 
with  Germany;  he  was  again  married  at  Detroit, 
Mich.,  July  13,  1911,  to  Zilda  E.  LaMair. 

NORTHROP,  Aaron  Lockwood,  dentist,  was 
born  at  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  Mar.  9,  1834,  son  of 
Edwin  and  Mary  Ann  (Olmstead)  Northrop.  He 
had  a  public  school  education  and  decided  upon  the 
career  of  a  dentist.  He  began  his  professional 
career  at  a  period  when  the  preceptorial  system  of 
instruction  was  in  vogue  and  before  dental  col- 
leges had  fully  gained  professional  confidence.  He 
was  associated  for  a  season  with  Dr.  Henry  B. 
Crane,  and  later  as  a  student  with  Dr.  John  Allen 
(q.v.).  Entering  upon  practice,  he  quickly  rose  to 
a  place  in  the  foremost  rank  of  his  profession, 
and  was  interested  in  every  phase  of  professional 
activity,  taking  a  prominent  part  in  dental  asso- 
ciation work.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
First  District  Dental  Society  of  New  York,  and 
a  member  of  the  Dental  Society  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  the  National  Dental  Association,  and 
the  combined  New  Jersey  Societies.  In  1874  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Odontological  Society 
of  Great  Britain,  was  one  of  its  vice-presidents, 
and  when  that  society  was  merged  in  the  Royal 
Society  of  Medicine  as  its  Odontological  section 
he  was  continued  as  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  section.  Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery bestowed  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.S.  in  1867.  Dr.  Northrop  was  possessed  of 
an  intense  love  of  nature,  and  devoted  much  at- 
tention to  the  cultivation  of  his  farm  and  to  the 
study  of  agriculture  and  animal  husbandry.  He 
was  a  member  of  all  the  organizations  of  the 
York  rite  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  a  thirty-third  degree 
Scottish  rite  mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Nobles 
of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  the  New  England  Society, 
and  of  the  American  Institute.  His  chibs  were: 
Lotos  and  Union  League  of  New  York,  the  Prim- 
rose of  London,  Eng.,  and  the  Ridgefield  Country 
and  Golf.  He  was  married  May  25,  1862,  to 
Carrie  M.,  daughter  of  Charles  A.  Hanford,  a 
teacher  of  New  Canaan,  Conn.,  and  died  without 
issue  in  Paris,  France,  Aug.  31,  1908. 

EDWARDS,  Isaac,  lawyer  and  author,  was 
born  at  South  Corinth,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
30,  1819,  sou  of  John  and  Sarah  (Cooper)  Edwards, 
and  a  descendant  of  Alexander  Edwards,  a  native 
of  Wales  who  settled  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1640; 
he  married  Mrs.  Sarah  Baldwin,  a  widow,  and  from 
them  the  line  is  traced  through  their  son  Samuel, 
who  married  Sarah  Searle;  their  son  Capt.  Nathan- 
iel, a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife 
Margaret  -  — ;  and  their  sou  Isaac  and  his 
wife  Abiah  Strickland,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Isaac  Edwards.  His  early  years  were 
spent  on  a  farm,  and  after  a  public  school  educa- 
tion he  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Edwards  & 
Meads,  of  Albany,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Albany 
bar.  He  first  practiced  with  his  uncle,  James 
Edwards,  but  soon  afterward  opened  an  independ- 
ent office,  and  pursued  a  successful  literary  and 
legal  career.  His  mind  was  eminently  judicial  and 
well  balanced,  and  in  the  weighing  of  evidence  he 
was  without  a  superior.  Furthermore,  absolute 
justice  was  his  only  aim  and  endeavor.  In  1855  he 
published  his  first  legal  work,  "Bailments,"  which 
was  held  in  legal  circles  as  one  of  the  best  Ameri- 
can works  on  that  subject.  He  revised  it  in  1878, 
and  the  new  edition  showed  that  he  was  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  the  decisions  of  the  various  courts. 
His  next  book,  "Bills  and  Notes,"  appeared  in 
1857,  and  was  of  great  value  to  the  lawyer  and 
student,  and  in  1870  he  published  "Factors  and 


Brokers,"  which  ranked  very  high  from  a  literary 
standpoint.  In  it  he  exhibited  the  same  fullness 
and  clearness  of  definition  which  characterized  his 
larger  works.  He  possessed  a  thorough  under- 
standing of  the  law,  the  principles  of  which  he 
loved  to  elucidate.  Mr.  Edwards  was  an  occa- 
sional lecturer  before  the  Albany  Law  School,  and 
his  clearness  of  diction,  completeness  of  illustration 
and  correctness  of  definition  proving  his  fitness 
to  occupy  the  position,  he  was  unanimously  chosen 
to  fill  the  chair  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Prof. 
Dean.  From  that  time  until  the  close  of  his  life 
he  vas  the  moving  spirit  of  the  law  school,  deliver- 
ing half  the  lectures  and  presiding  bver  nearly  all 
the  courts  of  exemplification  and  instruction  Four 
years  before  his  death  he  became  a  member  of  the 
board  of  public  instruction  and  chairman  of  the 
law  committee.  During  his  early  manhood  he  was 
a  Whig;  later  he  became  a  Republican,  but  he  was 
never  strongly  partisan.  He  occasionally  appeared 
as  a  campaign  orator  and  was  noted  as  a  clear, 
logical  and  forceful  speaker.  He  was  a  conscien- 
tious, capable  lawyer,  a  successful  author  and  a 
beloved  and  competent  instructor  whose  virtues 
were  impressed  upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  all 
who  knew  him.  Union  University,  Schenectady, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  was 
married  in  1S56  to  Anna,  daughter  of  Rev.  Will- 
iam James,  and  was  survived  by  two  children: 
Henry  Ames  and  Elizabeth  Seelye  Edwards.  He 
died  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  26,  1879. 

PHIPPS,  William  Wallace,  agriculturist,  was 
born  near  Eagle  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  IS,  1842,  sou 
of  Aaron  and  Judith  (Pratt)  Phipps.  His  first 
American  ancestor  was  James  Phips,  who  came 
from  Bristol,  England,  prior  to  1650,  and  settled 
at  Pemaquid,  Me. ;  he  was  the  father  of  Sir  Will- 
iam Phips.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  another  son  John;  his  son  John; 
his  son  John,  who  married  Hannah  Bullen ;  their 
son  Aaron,  who  married  Zerriah  Haven,  and  their 
son  Joseph  Phipps,  who  married  Mary  Evans 
and  was  the  grandfather  of  William  Wallace 
Phipps.  Aaron  Phipps,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
a  strong  abolitionist  and  temperance  man;  he 
was  a  founder  and  deacon  of  the  Wrs|e\:in  Metho- 
dist Church,  nt  Eagle  Harbor.  William  WT.  Phipps 
received  his  education  in  the  district  schools  and 
at  Albion  Academy.  After  teaching  for  several 
years,  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
won  fame  in  his  community  as  a  scientific  farmer. 
He  was  an  expert  horticulturist,  and  also  for  some 
years  a  successful  manufacturer  of  fertilizer. 
From  the  time  he  attained  his  majority  he  took 
a  keen  interest  in  all  civic  affairs  and  was  a  domi- 
nant factor  in  local  Republican  politics.  He  be- 
lieved in  pure  politics  and  never  would  countenance 
a  pcditieal  move  that  was  tainted  with  suspicion. 
He  was  supervisor  of  Albion  during  1896-98,  and 
in  1899  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  assem- 
bly, bring  twice  reflected.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks.  Both 
the  public  and  private  careers  of  William  Wallace 
Phipps  were  without  a  blemish.  He  was  known 
far  and  wide  for  his  ability  and  integrity,  he  hav- 
ing inherited  some  of  the  best  characteristics  of  a 
distinguished  ancestry.  He  had  a  strong  mind, 
possesseil  great  self-control  under  the  most  trying 
circumstances,  had  good  judgment,  was  enterpris- 
ing, tactful,  energetic,  with  a  high  sense  of  char- 
acter and  the  moral  code.  He  was  religious,  con- 
scientious, broad-minded  and  kind-hearted,  and  he 
lived,  in  truth,  a  follower  of  the  Golden  Rule.  His 
advice  was  sought  in  many  directions  and  was 
always  "given  freely.  He  had  a  good  legal  mind 


64 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


and  was  well  versed  in  the  law.  In  1911  he  re- 
tired from  active  business  cares.  He  was  twice 
married:  (1)  at  Eagle  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  14, 
1S69,  to  Electa,  daughter  of  DeWitt  Warner,  a 
farmer  of  Barre,  N.  Y.;  (2)  at  Millville,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  14,  1904,  to  Clara  M.,  daughter  of  Luther 
Eckerson,  a  photographer  of  Buffalo.  She  survives 
him,  with  one  son,  by  the  first  union:  Frank  War- 
ner Phipps,  of  Albion.  He  died  at  his  home  near 
Albion,  N.  Y.,  May  22,  1914. 

AYERS,  Franklin  Egbert,  lumber  merchant, 
was  born  in  Chickasaw,  county,  la.,  April  13,  1859, 
son  of  David  Judson  and  Malissa  P.  (Gray)  Avers. 
His  father,  a -native  of  New  York,  was  a  farmer. 
The  son  received  his  education  at  the  Brecken- 
ridge  Institute,  Decorah,  la.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  began  his  business  career  in  a  pump  wind- 
mill establishment  at  Lawler,  la.  In  1885  he  was 
made  deputy-treasurer  of  Chickasaw  county,  a 
post  which  he  filled  for  two  years.  He  became  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business  at  Lawler,  la.,  in 
1887,  and  until  his  death  was  a  dominant  factor 
in  the  trade  in  that  section.  He  established  a  lum- 
ber business  at  Iowa  city,  in  1903,  and  speedily 
became  one  of  the  most  aetive  and  influential  citi- 
zens of  that  community.  From  time  to  time  he 
was  connected  with  various  commercial  as  well  as 
industrial  and  financial  undertakings,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  president  of  F.  E.  Ayers  & 
Co.,  Iowa  city's  foremost  lumber  establishment. 
He  had  an  interest  in  the  Iowa  city  implement 
house  of  George  S.  Randall;  was  vice-president  and 
director  of  the  Citizen's  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  and 
had  extensive  interests  in  southern  land,  timber 
and  otherwise.  He  was  at  one  time  president  of 
the  Southern  Iowa  Lumberman's  Association,  and 
president  (1909-12)  of  the  Iowa  City  Commercial 
Club.  Under  his  leadership  the  club  took  rank  with 
the  leading  commercial  clubs  of  the  middle  west. 
While  a  resident  of  Lawler  he  was  continuously  a 
member  of  the  city  council  and  had  served  as 
mayor.  He  served  as  county  representative  in  the 
28th  general  assembly  of  Iowa.  Politically  he  was 
a  Republican.  He  foomd  his  chief  recreation  in 
gardening.  He  enjoyed  enviable  distinction  for 
conservatism,  command  of  large  affairs,  great  wis- 
dom and  much  common  sense.  Mr.  Ayers  was  al- 
ways recognized  as  a  leading  factor  in  the  business 
life  of  Iowa  City.  He  was  a  man  of  spotless 
character,  philanthropic,  public-spirited  and  hos- 
pitable. The  2Sth  General  Assembly  of  Iowa 
adopted  a  resolution  embodying  the  following 
characterization  of  him:  "Whether  he  be  judged 
by  his  public  or  private  life;  whether  judged  as 
friend  or  neighbor,  or  measured  by  his  standards 
of  business  integrity,  or  by  his  ideals  of  public 
duty  in  the  many  and  various  positions  of  trust 
and  honor  held  in  his  community  and  in  the  state, 
yet  the  qualities  of  courage,  kindness,  candor  and 
common  sense  were  his  ever-constant  characteris- 
tics. His  is  the  memory  which  sterling  manhood 
and  loyal  citizenship  leaves  as  a  legacy."  He 
was  married  at  New  Hampton,  la.,  Dee.  31,  1884, 
to  Alice  F.,  daugher  of  R.  0.  Sheldon;  they  had 
two  children:  Roscoe,  a  lumberman  of  Iowa  City, 
and  Lucille  V.,  who  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  R.  E. 
Russell,  Waterloo,  la.  Franklin  Egbert  Ayers  died 
at  Iowa  City,  June  13,  1918. 

FRIEND,  Emil  ("Boersianer"),  journalist, 
was  born  in  Prague,  Bohemia,  Austro-Hungary, 
Dec.  25,  1863,  sou  of  Adolph  and  Katariue  (Bran- 
deis)  Friend.  The  name,  originally  Freund,  is  an 
ancient  one  in  Bohemia,  and  in  preceding  centuries 
has  produced  many  men  who  gained  prominence  in 
the  professions,  especially  in  the  educational  world. 


Adolph  Friend,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  mer- 
chant, and  likewise,  a  native  of  Prague;  he  came 
to  America  in  1865,  settling  in  Wisconsin.  Emil 
Friend  received  his  preliminary  education  under 
the  preceptorship  of  governesses  and  later  from 
private  tutors.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1885,  was  for  a  period  connected  with  the  German 
language  newspapers  in  New  York  city,  subse- 
quently was  with  English  literary,  musical  and 
dramatic  journals,  New  York,  and  then  went  to 
Chicago,  where  he  represented  "The  Theatre," 
London,  and  ' '  The  Keynote, ' '  New  York.  He 
was  on  the  staff  of  the  Chicago  "Daily  News" 
during  1898-1908,  as  financial  editor,  and"  since  the 
latter  year  has  held  a  similar  position  on  the  Chic- 
ago "Examiner."  Throughout  this  period  he  has 
written  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  "Boersiauer. " 
He  is  an  independent  in  politics,  and  is  a  member 
of  L 'Alliance  Franchise,  Chicago,  and  the  Press, 
Newspaper  and  Hinsdale  Clubs,  Chicago.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  music  and  literature;  has 
traveled  extensively,  and  is  known  as  a  linguist, 
writing  and  speaking  fluently  Bohemian,  German, 
French  and  Italian.  He  is  author  of  "Masks," 
a  novel;  "Paris  Bourse"  ("Forum,"  old  series); 
''La  Comedie  Franchise"  and  "Paris  Press" 
("Cosmopolitan  Magazine,"  old  series),  and  a 
number  of  articles  on  political  economy  in 
"Hearst's  Magazine,"  and  elsewhere.  He  was 
married  in  Chicago,  111.,  Jan.  7,  1897,  to  Frieda, 
daughter  of  Martin  Meyer,  who  was  a  companion 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  during  the  latter 's  career  in 
Chicago;  they  have  two  children:  Raymond  and 
Esther  Friend. 

CORRIGAN,  Charles  Eugene,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Martinsburg,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  29,  1863, 
son  of  John  and  Charlotte  (Heffernan)  Corrigan, 
and  grandson  of  James  and  Bridget  (Hughes) 
Corrigan, .  who  came  to  the  United  States  from 
Ireland  in  1834.  John  Corrigan,  a  dealer  in  live 
stock  in  New  York  and  Canada,  was  a  Democrat 
in  politics,  and  held  office  in  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
The  son  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Lowville  Ai-ademy,  where  he  was  graduated  in 
1883.  For  a  time  he  was  associated  with  seeds- 
men in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Disposing  of  liis  in- 
terest in  the  seed  business,  he  became  a  pioneer 
in  the  production  of  electric  automobiles,  issuing 
the  first  automobile  catalogue  in  the  United  States. 
The  business  had  its  inception  in  Chicago  about 
1892,  and  in  1896  he  received  from  the  West  Chi- 
cago Park  commissioners  a  permit  ' '  to  pass  over 
the  boulevards  and  through  parks  with  his  vehicle 
operated  by  electricity. ' '  He  was  president  and 
general  manager  of  the  American  Electric  Vehicle 
Co.  and  in  the  late  '90s  moved  his  plant  from  ( 'hi- 
cago  to  New  York  city,  the  factory  being  situated 
at  Hoboken,  N.  J.  In  1900  the"  Department  of 
Parks  of  the  City  of  New  York  granted  him  per- 
mission to  "enter  upon  and  pass  over  the  drives 
of  the  Central  Park  with  an  electric  pleasure  car- 
riage." That  same  year  he  received  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  a  gold  medal,  awarded  in  recognition 
of  his  leadership  in  the  production  of  electric  auto- 
mobiles. In  1901  he  sold  his  business  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  electrical  conduits,  organ- 
izing the  Osburn  Flexible  Conduit  Co.  of  New 
York.  In  1907  he  removed  to  Pittsburgh  and  the 
organization  was  consolidated  with  the  National 
Metal"  Molding  Co.,  of  which  he  has  since  been 
vice-president  and  a  director.  His  entire  attention 
is  devoted  to  the  maintenance  and  expansion  of 
this  great  concern,  and  its  large  and  flourishing 
business  is  mainly  due  to  his  keen  vision,  shrewd 
judgment  and  unusual  administrative  ability.  la 


THE    XA1  Ii'XAL   CYCLOPEDIA   Of   AMERICAN    11  LI  n  ,  KAI'H  Y 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


polities  he  is  a  Republican,  and  though  having  little 
time  for  the  consideration  of  public  affairs,  he  is 
deeply  interested  in  every  movement  towards  prog- 
ress and  reform,  whether  local  or  national.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Electrical  Manufacturers'  Club  of 
New  York,  the  New  York  Electrical  Society,  and 
the  Duquesne,  Pittsburgh  Press,  Pittsburgh 
Country  and  Columbus  clubs  of  Pittsburgh,  the 
Pittsburgh  Athletic  Association,  and  the  Au  Sable 
Trout  and  Game  Club,  of  which  he  is  president. 
He  is  also  a  communicant  of  the  Sacred  Heart 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  Mr.  Corrigan  is  dis- 
tinguished by  all  the  qualities  of  genuine  leader- 
ship. That  which  he  undertakes  is  inevitably  ac- 
complished. He  is  possessed  of  sagacity,  per- 
spicacity, and  the  ability  to  discern  future  pos- 
sibilities. His  personal  magnetism  attracts  men 
to  him  with  loyal  and  affectionate  devotion,  and  he 
numbers  his  friends  by  scores.  His  chief  source 
of  happiness  is  in  the  domestic  circle.  He  was 
married,  Feb.  6,  1895,  to  Alice  Melita,  daughter 
of  Henry  Potwin  of  Chicago,  and  they  have  five 
children:  Ruth  Frances,  who  married  Walter 
Gordon  Frauenheim;  John  Potwin,  ensign  in  the 
U.  S.  navy  during  the  war  with  Germany;  Mary 
Alice,  Charles  Jerome  and  Francis  Hughes 
Corrigan. 

SPIBO,  Solon,  mine  owner  and  operator,  was 
born  in  Kurnik,  Germany,  Mar.  1,  1863,  son  of 
Leopold  and  Ernestine  (Ascheim)  Spiro.  His 
father  was  a  grain  merchant  of  Kurnik.  He  was 
educated  in  private  schools  and  a  business  college 
in  his  native  town  until  1881,  when  he  came  to 
America  to  enter  the  service  of  his  uncle,  Mayer 
S.  Ascheim,  a  merchant  of  Park  City,  Utah.  There 
he  became  manager  of  the  Ascheim  Mercantile  Co., 
and  under  his  personal  direction  the  business 
trebled  in  capacity  within  a  few  years.  During 
this  period  Park  City  became  a  mining  community. 
He  gathered  a  fund  of  knowledge  concerning  the 
mineralization  of  the  district  and  drew  deductions 
which  a  majority  of  mining  experts  treated  as  fan- 
ciful and  impractical.  His  remarkable  success  has 
demolished  many  of  the  geological  traditions 
which  limited  the  expansion  of  the  camp,  ami 
opened  the  way  for  a  new  era  of  mineral  develop- 
ment in  the  region.  In  1899  he  entered  the  mining 
field  exclusively.  He  became  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Little  Bell  Mining  Co.,  and  in 
1902  president  and  general  manager  of  the  Silver 
King  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  and  still  retains  the 
latter  position.  While  operating  the  Silver  King 
Consolidated  he  came  to  the  conclusion,  in  1908 
that  a  co-owner  in  a  claim  called  the  Vesuvius  had 
not  accounted  for  certain  ore  taken  from  the  joint 
property.  The  ensuing  litigation  formed  a  sensa- 
tional chapter  in  the  history  of  mining  jurispru- 
dence in  which  he  was  one  of  the  central  figures. 
Judgment  rendered  in  the  U.  S.  district  court  for 
Utah  in  1911  in  favor  of  the  Silver  King  Consoli- 
dated for  $737,000  was  affirmed  by  the  U.  S.  cir- 
cuit court  of  appeals,  and  $34,000  added  by  this 
court  to  the  amount  of  the  award.  When  the 
judgment  finally  was  paid,  in  1913,  the  accrued 
interest  brought  the  total  to  nearly  a  million  dol- 
lars. Prior  to  bringing  this  suit  he  had  already 
begun  the  sinking  of  the  main  working  shaft  of 
the  Silver  King  Consolidated  to  penetrate  what 
he  had  believed  for  many  years  to  be  the  ore- 
bearing  stratum  of  the  geological  formation.  This 
development  resulted  in  the  disclosure  of  one  of 
the  largest  deposits  of  high-grade  silver  ore  ever 
uncovered  in  Utah.  Its  value  ran  into  the  millions 
and  insured  dividends  for  years  to  come.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Democratic  party. 


He  is  a  member  of  the  Commercial  Club,  of  Salt 
Lake  City;  Criterion  and  City  Athletic  clubs,  ISIew 
York  city,  and  of  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks.  He  was  married  in  Cinrinnati,  O., 
Oct.  16,  1909,  to  Ida  Mae,  daughter  of  Moses  H. 
Marks,  a  merchant  of  Cincinnati. 

ERNST,  Carl  Julius,  railway  official,  was  born 
at  (iirbigsdorf,  Silesia,  Prussia,  Sept.  12,  1854,  sou 
of  Johann  Carl  and  Johanne  Caroline  (Boehmer) 
Ernst.  He  came  to  the  United  States  with  his 
parents  in  1868,  settling  in  Nebraska  City,  Neb., 
where  his  father,  formerly  a  cabinet  maker,  be- 
came a  farmer.  For  three  years  he  was  employed 
in  mercantile  establishments  there  and  in  1872 
became  a  clerk  in  the  Otoe  County  National  Hank. 
Four  years  later  he  accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  land 
department  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad  Co.  at  Lincoln,  Neb.,  was  promoted  to 
be  cashier  of  the  land  department  in  IsSO,  and 
assistant  land  commissioner,  in  charge  of  the  com- 
pany's lands  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  in  1^110. 
When  the  railroad  's  president,  Charles  E.  Perkins, 
organized  the  Boston  Investment  Co.,  of  Lincoln, 
in  1897,  he  named  Mr.  Ernst  his  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Also  at  Mr.  Perkins'  request  he  served 
several  years  as  a  director  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Lincoln.  During  1887-90  he  was  manager 
of  the  Lincoln  Street  Railway,  which,  during  that 
period,  was  largely  owned  and  controlled  by  certain 
Burlington  officials.  He  was  assistant  land  commis- 
sioner of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  road 
(now  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad) 
for  twenty  years,  and  in  1910  was  advanced  in 
title  to  land  commissioner  of  the  lines  west  of  the 
Missouri  River.  In  1903  he  was  appointed  as- 
sistant treasurer  and  in  1913  elected  assistant  sec- 
retary of  the  Burlington  road  for  its  lines  west 
of  the  Missouri  River.  He  has  been  in  continuous 
service  of  the  ' '  Burlington  ' '  since  Feb.  1,  1876. 
During  1S76-1886  he  was  engaged  largely  in  immi- 
gration work  among  the  thousands  of  Germans, 
Swedes,  Danes,  Norwegians,  Hollanders,  Bohemians, 
Polanders  and  German-Russians,  who  sought  new 
homes  in  Nebraska,  and  whose  friendship,  thus  ac- 
quired, was  indicated  in  1901,  when,  unsolicited, 
they  elected  him  regent  of  the  state  university. 
Besides  his  regular  railroad  work,  and  much  private 
work  done  by  him  for  the  late  Pres.  Perkins  of  the 
C.,  B.  &  Q.,  he  has  given  twelve  years  of  gratuitous 
service  to  educational  interests,  three  years  to 
the  city  of  Lincoln,  three  years  to  the  city  of 
Omaha,  six  years  to  the  state  of  Nebraska,  hon- 
ored with  the  presidency  of  all  three  of  these  edu- 
cational bodies,  and  invariably  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple, and  as  president  by  his  colleagues,  without  his 
ever  taking  the  initiative  in  any  case.  Since  1903 
he  has  resided  in  Omaha.  He  is  a  lover  of  nature, 
and  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  horticultural  and 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics  a  Re- 
publican. Though  by  birth  and  early  education  a 
Prussian,  he  had  no  sympathy  with  Germany  in 
the  world-war.  From  its  beginning,  in  1914,  he 
charged  the  Prussian  military  organization  with 
having  precipitated  it,  and  beginning  with  Feb- 
ruary, 1917,  because  of  his  very  pronounced  one 
hundred  per  cent.  Americanism,  he  was  prevailed 
upon  to  take  the  platform,  two  of  his  addresses, 
the  first  called  "The  Story  of  an  Emigrant  Boy;" 
his  third,  under  the  title,  ' '  Are  You  Sorry  You 
Came  to  This  Country?"  have  been  scattered 
broadcast,  especially  the  latter,  all  over  the  United 
States,  being  pronounced  by  the  National  Council 
and  by  State  Councils  of  Defense  as  among  the 
clearest  and  strongest  of  patriotic  addresses  de- 


(56 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


livered  during  that  period.  He  was  married  at 
Nebraska  City,  Neb.,  Feb.  26,  1876,  to  Marie 
Wilhelmine,  daughter  of  Carl  Weber,  a  railroad 
engineer,  and  has  four  children:  Louise  Gertrude, 
Conrad  W.,  Paul  Luther  and  Flora  Grace,  who 
married-  Prof.  Merritt  Finley  Miller,  of  Colum- 
bia,  Mo. 

SHULENBERGER,  Ephraim  Adams,  dental 
surgeon,  was  born  in  Miffliu  township,  Cumber- 
land  cof,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  I860,  son  of  John  Beatty 
and  Martha  (Adams)  Shulenberger.  His  father, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  a  farmer.  Ephraim 
A.  Shulenberger  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion  in  public  schools  and  at  Newville  (Pa.) 
Academy.  After  teaching  school  for  several  years 
he  studied  dentistry  at  Newville  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Dr.  D.  8.  McCoy,  and  was  graduated 
at  Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental  Surgery  in  1885 
with  the  degree  D.D.S.  From  that  year  he  prae- 
ticed  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  widely  known  in 
his  profession  throughout  the  Cumberland  Valley 
and  distinguished  for  his  fine  sense  of  civic  duty, 
He  was  deacon  and  elder  in  the  First  Reformed 
Church,  Carlisle,  and  prominently  identified  with 
its  Sunday  school  work,  being  for  a  dozen  years 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school.  He  was 
piesident  of  the  Carlisle  District  Sunday  School 
Association  ;  vice-president  Potomac  synod  of  his 
church;  vice-president  Carlisle  classis  of  that 
chureh;  trustee  of  the  Reformed  Theological  Semi- 
nary  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College;  director 
Young  Men  's  Christian  Association  ;  served  f  re- 
quently  on  important  church  missions  and  com- 
mittees,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Dental  Association;  Alumni  Association  of 
Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental  Surgery.  IVnnsyl- 
vania  Scotch-Irish  Society,  and  Modern  Woodmen 
of  America.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
reading.  He  lived  a  life  of  integrity,  sincerity, 
rectitude  and  uprightness  without  reservation.  He 
was  a  man  of  unusual  piety,  and  with  a  glad  sin- 
cerity  of  soul.  He  was  a  remarkable  churchman, 
focussing  and  concentrating  his  activities  ex- 
clusively  in  the  church.  He  was  married  at  New- 
burg,  Pa.,  Mar.  17,  1886,  to  Lillie,  daughter  of 
Rev.  J.  Marion  Mickley  (Michelet),  of  Newburg; 
she  survives  him.  He  died  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Dec. 
15,  1918. 

REYNOLDS,  William  David,  cattleman, 
was  born  at  Wetumpka,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  Apr. 
'2'2.  1^46,  son  of  Barber  Watkins  and  Anna  Maria 
(Campbell)  Reynolds,  of  Scotch  descent.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Georgia,  became  a  pioneer 
Texan  in  1M7,  locating  first  in  Shelby  county,  and 
immediately  after  the  civil  war  settling  at  the 
famous  cattle  town  of  Fort  Griffin,  Shackleford 
co.;  he  continued  a  resident  of  the  old  military 
post  until  his  death,  and  was  one  of  the  celebrated 
cattlemen  of  the  Lone  Star  state.  Inasmuch  as 
schools  were  by  no  means  common  in  Texas  in 
those  days,  William  1).  Reynolds  received  but  a 
meagre  training  in  the  literary  arts  and  such 
knowledge  as  came  from  the  books  at  his  com- 
mand.  For  a  brief  period  he  enjoyed  a  private 
tutor.  His  mind  was  keen,  and  he  profited  by  all 
the  opportunities  for  education  that  offered, 
His  active  life  as  cattleman  dates  from  1S67,  when 
he  accepted  a  position  with  Loving  &  Goodnight, 
starting  with  a  herd  of  :'»,200  cattle  for  Colorado, 
furnishing  his  own  horses  and  saddles  from  a 
salary  of  fifty  dollars  per  month.  In  the  mean- 
time  he  had  "possessed  himself  of  a  herd  of  42 
cattle  on  his  own  account,  and  these  were  placed 
with  those  of  his  employer  and  sold  at  the  same 
time.  In  1868  he  associated  himself  with  his 


brother,  George  Reynolds,  the  beginning  of  the 
Reynolds  Cattle  Co.,  of  which  he  is  vice-president. 
In  1876  the  long  and  severe  drouth  compelled 
the  brothers  to  remove  their  herds  and  headquar- 
ters  to  Roberts  county,  in  the  Panhandle.  Subse- 
quently,  and  until  1883,  he  was  engaged  in  the 
stock  business  at  Fort  Griffin.  He  then  located 
at  Albany,  where  he  became  vice-president  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  and  from  time  to  time  he 
became  identified  with  other  financial  as  well  as 
commercial  and  industrial  undertakings.  But  his 
chief  concern  was  for  cattle,  and  he  has  herded 
thousands  over  the  vast  free  ranges  when  only 
the  buffalo  and  the  Indians  disputed  his  possession 
of  the  territory.  The  Reynolds  Cattle  Co.  owns 
approximately  100,000  acres  of  land  in  Shackle- 
ford,  Throckmorton  and  Haskell  counties.  Their 
cattle  are  chiefly  high-grade  Herefords,  many  of 
which  are  the  finest  specimens  of  that  breed  to  be 
found  in  Texas.  William  D.  Reynolds  is  also  a 
large  independent  owner  of  ranch  lands,  bank 
stock  and  city  property.  His  political  affiliation 
is  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  is  a  corn- 
municant  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was 
married  at  Albany,  Tex.,  Jan.  1,  1879,  to  Susie 
A.,  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  Matthews,  of  Albany. 
There  are  eight  children:  George  Eaton;  Ella, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Carl  T.  Burns  ;  William 
D.,  Jr.;  Joseph  Matthew;  Annie  Merle,  whose  hus- 
band  is  Robt.  E.  Harding;  Watt  Wendel;  John, 
and  Nathan  B.  Reynolds.  The  sons  are  all  cattle- 
men. 

MACFARLAND,  Horace  Greeley,  naval  offi- 
cer  and  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  .'il,  1S72,  in  Wash- 
ington,  D.  C.,  son  of  Joseph  and  Isabella  (Floyd) 
Macfarland.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools, 
including  the  Columbia  Preparatory  School,  until 
he  was  appointed  to  the  United  States  Naval  Acad- 
emy  at  Annapolis,  which  he  entered  in  September, 
1886,  and  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  June, 
1891;  his  naval  cadet  cruise  was  in  the  old  frigate 
"Lancaster"  by  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to 
China  and  Japan,  returning  by  the  Suez  Canal; 
he  became  an  ensign  in  1892,  and  by  successive 
promotions,  lieutenant  junior  grade,  full  lieuten- 
ant  and  lieutenant  commander,  with  which  rank  he 
was  retired  in  1909  for  physical  disability  (heart 
disease)  incurred  in  the  line  of  service,  as  a  result 
of  two  tours  of  duty  in  the  Philippines  ai  espe- 
cially  heavy  tasks  there.  In  one  of  these  tours  of 
duty  he  was  sent  in  command  of  the  captured 
Spanish  gunboat  "Samar"  to  break  up  the  inter- 
island  communications  of  the  insurgents  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  archipelago,  so  as  to  prevent  them 
from  receiving  arms,  ammunition  and  supplies 
for  their  warfare  against  the  United  States.  The 
''Samar"  was  old  and  badly  equipped,  and  he 
had  with  him  only  one  other  commissioned  officer, 
a  midshipman,  and  the  crew  was  a  mongrel  one. 
He  had  only  the  defective  old  Spanish  charts,  and 
went  where  no  other  American  officer  had  gone 
among  the  Southern  Islands.  In  three  months' 
cruising,  he  could  get  only  such  sleep  as  he  took 
in  a  chair  on  deck  while  the  midshipman  watched. 
He  captured  over  fifty  native  vessels,  burned  them 
and  set  the  insurgent  sailors  free  without  killing 
anyone  or  losing  a  man.  For  this  service  he  re- 
ceived  a  letter  of  thanks  from  Rear-Admiral  John 
C.  Watson,  Commander-in-C'hief  of  the  United 
States  naval  forces  in  the  East.  During  the  Span- 
ish  war  he  served  on  the  gunboat  ''Helena"  in 
various  actions  around  the  Island  of  Cuba,  until 
he  was  transferred  to  the  battleship  "Oregon," 
reaching  her  just  after  the  Santiago  battle.  He 
received  a  Cuban  campaign  medal  as  well  as  com- 


CARL  J.  ERNST 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


EPHRAIM  A.  SHULENBERGER 
DENTIST 


WILLIAM  D.  REYNOLDS 
RANCHMAN 


HORACE  G.  MACFARLAXD 
NAVAL  OFFICER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


mendation  by  his  superior  olficers.  He  was  a  sea- 
going officer,  with  comparatively  little  shore  duty, 
and  served  on  gunboats,  cruisers,  and  battleships. 
As  ordnance  officer  of  the  battleship  "Kearsarge" 
he  brought  its  gunnery  practice  up  to  a  high 
standard  for  which  he  was  thanked  by  the  navy 
department.  Upon  retiring  from  active  service  in 
1909  he  determined  to  study  and  practice  law,  and 
took  the  four  years'  course  at  George  Washington 
University  Law  School,  Washington,  D.  ('.,  in 
three  years,  receiving  the  highest  marks  and  the 
degrees  of  LL.B.  and  LL.M.  with  honors.  He 
passed  a  brilliant  bar  examination  and  upon  his 
admission  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  of  its  Court  of  Appeals, 
actively  practised  law  until  his  death.  In  that 
short  period  he  had  made  his  mark  at  the  bar  and 
had  become  well  known  for  his  legal  mind,  and  his 
skill  and  learning.  For  two  years,  until  his  prac- 
tice demanded  his  entire  time,  he  acted  as  the 
technical  adviser  of  the  Navy  Reserve  of  the  State 
of  Maryland  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  com- 
mander, having  been  recommended  for  that  duty 
by  the  navy  department,  and  receiving  the  thanks 
of  the  governor  of  Maryland  for  the  benefit  which 
his  work  gave  to  the  naval  division  of  the  National 
Guard  of  the  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  International  Law,  and  of  the 
American  Society  for  the  Judicial  Settlement  of 
International  Disputes  and  read  papers  at  their 
annual  meetings  on  international  law  topics 
which  were  highly  commended  by  international 
lawyers.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the 
Covenant  (Presbyterian)  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  of 
the  Army  &  Navy  and  Chevy  Chase  clubs  of 
Washington,  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  and  the 
Philadelphia  Racket  Club.  He  was  married  Apr.  30, 
1913,  to  Arabella  Adams  Moran  Hudgins,  widow 
of  Lieut.  John  M.  Hudgins,  U.S.N.  He  died  in 
Washington.  I).  ('.,  Apr.  23,  1915. 

SANDERS,  Henry  James,  physician,  was 
born  on  his  father  's  sugar  plantation  near  Frank- 
lin, La.,  Dec.  10,  1828,  son  of  Jared  Young  and 
Rachel  A.  (Hulick)  Sanders.  He  was  graduated 
at  a  college  at  Danville,  Ky.,  and  afterward 
pursued  a  course  in  medicine  at  Louisville, 
Ky.,  where  he  earned  his  degree  of  M.  D.,  sub- 
sequently becoming  interested  in  sugar  raising. 
After  the  civil  war  he  assumed  the  management 
of  his  planting  interests  and  demonstrated  the 
ability  he  possessed  as  a  sugar  planter  and  manu- 
facturer. Dr.  Sanders  inherited  the  planting  tal- 
ent; his  knowledge  of  pathology  he  acquired.  In 
both  he  was  a  master.  Successive  floods  of  the 
Mississippi  river  brought  disasters,  but  he  con- 
quered all.  He  had  the  reputation  of  being  a 
model  cultivator,  and  there  were  probably  no  bet- 
ter tilled  fields  than  his  anywhere  in  the  state. 
Dr.  Sanders  was  elected  state  senator  when  a 
young  man  and  again  during  the  civil  war.  His 
gentle  disposition  gathered  round  him  innumer- 
able friends,  while  his  stalwart  integrity,  equipoise 
of  temperament  and  unfailing  kindness  and  char- 
itable-ness, fastened  them  to  him  as  with  "bands 
of  steel."  Above  all  his  benevolence,  his  aid  to 
the  stricken  poor,  his  hand  and  heart  that  stayed 
not  when  aid  or  kindly  counsel  was  required,  en- 
deared him  to  all  that  ever  knew  him.  Beloved 
as  a  physician,  honored  as  a  citizen,  implicitly 
trusted  as  a  man  of  affairs,  obeyed  with  alacrity 
as  a  master,  tenderly  revered  as  a  philanthropist, 
his  life  and  influence  were  an  inspiration  to  all 
who  value  a  just,  generous,  fearless  and  honest 
man.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  Feb.  8,  1851,  to 
Amanda,  daughter  of  David  Robins;  the  chil- 


dren of  this  marriage  were  Leila,  wife  of  Charles 
R.  Hickox;  Henry  Shelby;  Rilma,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  L. 
Caldwell,  and  Betty,  deceased  wife  of  W.  S.  Han 
sell.  He  was  married  (2),  Nov.  15,  1883,  to  Belle 
W.,  daughter  of  Wm.  Shaffer,  who  survives  him. 
Dr.  Sanders  died  in  Cincinnati,  0.,  Nov.  8,  1905. 

BOWEN,  Joseph  Abraham,  merchant,  was  born 
at  Fall  River,  Mass.,  Oct.  10,  ls;;2,  son  of  Abra- 
ham and  Sarah  Ann  (Read)  Bowen,  and  great- 
great-grandson  of  John  Boweu  and  his  wife  Pene- 
lope Read;  from  them  the  line  is  traced  through 
their  son  Nathan  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Cook;  and 
their  son  Abraham  and  his  wife  Ruth  Graves,  who 
w.'iv  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Nathan  Bowen  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  Abraham  Bowen,  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ji'i-t,  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legisla- 
ture in  1804,  1807,  1808  and  1S21,  and  was  select- 
man in  1806  ami  1M7;  he  also  served  as  post- 
master from  1816  until  his  death,  and  was  the 
agent  of  one  of  the  first  cotton  mills  built  in  Fall 
River  in  lsl:l.  Abraham  Bowen,  father  of  Joseph 
Abraham  Bowen,  was  engaged  in  the  shipping 
and  commission  business,  and  later  in  the  print- 
ing and  publishing  business.  The  son  was  edu- 
cated in  private  and  public  schools  of  Fall  River, 
including  the  Fall  River  High  School,  mean- 
while following  the  printing  trade  in  his  father's 
office.  In  1856  he  engaged  in  the  coal  business 
at  Morgan  's  wharf.  Later  he  established  the  firm 
of  Joseph  A.  Bowen  &  Co.,  having  purchased 
Slade. 's  wharf  and  a  half  interest  in  Morgan's 
wharf.  He  continued  in  this  business  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  Aside  from  this  enterprise 
he  was  also  interested  in  several  cotton  manu- 
facturing concerns,  being  president  of  the  Ark- 
wright  Mills  and  a  director  of  the  Laurel  Lake 
Mills  and  the  Seaconnet  Mills.  Mr.  Bowen  was 
elected  to  the  common  council  of  Fall  River  in 
1862,  and  was  re-elected  the  following  year;  in 
1869-70,  he  served  as  an  alderman.  He  was  in 
every  respect  a  public-spirited  citizen ;  was  one  of 
the  three  original  water  commissioners  of  Fall 
River,  and  was  ever  devoted  to  the  industrial  de- 
velopment of  that  city.  Early  in  his  life  he  inaug- 
urated a  movement  to  improve  the  harbor  of  Fall 
River,  and  himself  expended  large  sums  in  dredg- 
ing, to  enable  boats  of  deep  draught  to  come  up  to 
his  wharves;  shipping  of  his  own  brought  coal  to 
his  docks.  He  was  a  man  of  sterling  integrity, 
strong  will,  tireless  energy,  keen  insight,  and 
benevolence,  and  .was '  possessed  of  a  remarkable 
memory.  For  two  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Fall  River  Board  of  Trade,  was  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  was  long  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Central  Congregational  Church.  His 
favorite  diversions  were  riding,  driving,  swim- 
ming, floating,  skating  and  reading.  He  was 
married  Jan.  19,  1865,  to  Fanny  M.,  daughter 
of  Jonathan  Corey  of  Fall  River,  and  their  chil- 
dren were:  Joseph  Henry,  who  conducted  his 
father's  business  until  his  death  in  April,  1918, 
and  whose  son,  Joseph  Whitney  Bowen  is  now 
(1919)  sole  manager  of  the  business,  which  was 
recently  incorporated  as  the  Joseph  A.  Bowen  Co.; 
and  Fanny  Corey  Bowen.  Mr.  Bowen  died  at 
Juniper  Farm,  Warren,  R.  I.,  Sept.  30,  1914. 

WENTE,  William,  lumberman,  was  born  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  Feb.  22,  1848,  son  of  Christian 
William  and  Henrietta  (Rogge)  Weute,  and  when 
less  than  a  year  old  came  to  America  with  his 
parents,  who  settled  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Milwaukee,  and 
in  1865  removed  to  Manistrc.  Mich.,  where  he  en- 
tered the  service  of  Filer  &  Sons,  lumbermen,  be- 


fiS 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


coming  affiliated  in  1867  with  the  Tyson-Robinson 
i  '<>.,  likewise  lumber  manufacturers  of  that  city. 
During  1872-73  he  was  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  in  association  with 
George  Robinson.  He  then  returned  to  Manistee 
as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Mauistee  Lum- 
ber Co.,  which  operated  the  Eureka  mills  and  salt 
blocks,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  the 
company  completed  their  cut  in  1905.  While  not 
thereafter  engaged  in  active  business,  he  was 
nevertheless  connected  with  many  important  in- 
dustries as  officer,  director  or  stockholder.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Saginaw-Manistee  Lumber 
Co.,  Williams,  Ariz.,  and  he  was  interested  in 
various  other  western  timber  enterprises.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  eminent  Masonic  dignitaries  in 
Michigan ;  he  attained  the  thirty-third  degree,  and 
for  twenty  years  prior  to  his  death,  was  treasurer 
of  the  Michigan  grand  lodge,  of  which  he  was  also 
past  grand  prolate.  He  was  ever  the  friend  of  the 
deserving  and  needy,  and  his  unostentatious  acts 
of  practical  philanthrophy  were  many.  During  his 
entire  life  at  Manistee  his  keen  sense  of  civic 
duty  was  a  factor  in  community  affairs,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education  he  did  much 
for  the  public  school  system.  No  one  could  meet 
him  without  having  the  highest  regard  for  his 
sterling  qualities  of  manhood  or  without  being 
attracted  by  his  genial  nature.  Self-reliant,  buoy- 
ant in  disposition,  strictly  upright  in  all  his  trans- 
actions, he  compelled  the  unquestioning  confidence 
of  men  of  affairs.  He  was  married  ( 1 )  at  Man- 
istee, Mich.,  Aug.  20,  1870,  to  Henrietta,  daughter 
of  Nathan  Campbell,  of  St.  Joseph,  Minn.;  she 
died  in  1888.  He  was  married  (2)  at  Manistee, 
Mich.,  July  8,  1889,  to  Ella,  daughter  of  Orison 
Tomlinson,  and  widow  of  Perry  Russell.  She  sur- 
vived him  with  five  children  by  the  first  union : 
Olive;  Eva,  wife  of  R.  T.  Lynd';  Prances;  Robert 
C.,  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  J.  Will  Jones;  also 
three  children  by  her  former  marriage:  Alice, 
wife  of  E.  H.  O'Neill;  Edna  L.,  wife  of  H.  O. 
Seymour,  and  Earl  Russell.  He  died  at  Manistee, 
Mich.,  Feb.  25,  1915. 

PEYTON,  Isaac  Newton,  mining  operator 
and  capitalist,  was  born  in  Vermillion  county, 
near  Danville,  111.,  Feb.  22,  1842,  son  of  Joseph 
Morgan  Peyton,  a  native  of  Virginia.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and,  after  editing 
a.  trade  journal  for  two  years,  served  as  a  sec- 
ond lieutenant  in  the  civil  war  in  Company  K, 
135th  111.  Inf.  In  1870  he  purchased  a  flouring 
mill  and  hotel  in  Chetoba,  Kan.,  and  in  1875 
was  elected  to  the  legislative  assembly  of  the 
territory  of  Colorado.  While  in  this  district  he 
opened  a  general  merchandise  business  and  also 
edited  a  newspaper.  In  1881  he  settled  in 
Spokane,  Wash.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business,  was  active  in  the  real  estate 
and  insurance  business,  and  acquired  large  hold- 
ings of  farm  lands  in  eastern  Washington.  He 
was  largely  responsible  for  the  development  of 
large  copper  and  gold  deposits  in  British  Colum- 
bia, known  as  the  Le  Roi  mine,  which,  after 
paying  large  dividends  for  several  years,  were 
sold  to  an  English  syndicate  for  several  million 
dollars.  After  disposing  of  his  mining  interests 
Mr.  Peyton  purchased  control  of  the  Exchange 
National  Bank  of  Spokane  and  became  its  pres- 
ident. During  this  period  he  also  acquired  what 
was  then  known  as  the  Great  Eastern  Block, 
on  one  of  the  principal  corners  of  Spokane,  and 
thereafter  acquired  other  contiguous  properties. 
The  new  holdings  he  acquired  he  improved  by 
the  erection  of  a  modern  seven-story  office  build- 


ing, the  two  buildings  operated  as  one  unit, 
known  as  the  Peyton  Building.  He  was  con- 
nected with  many  other  business  enterprises  and 
was  an  officer,  director  or  stockholder  in  a  large 
number  of  corporations  in  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington. He  was  a  great  lover  of  outdoor  sports 
and  one  of  the  best  authorities  on  game  and 
fish  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was  married  Nov. 
4,  1885,  to  Victor  A.  Houghton,  widow  of 
Harvey  Houghton,  who  had  one  daughter,  Helen 
D.,  now  residing  in  the  New  England  states. 
Two  sons  were  the  issue  of  this  marriage:  Hor- 
ace C.  and  Harlan  I.  Peyton,  of  Spokane,  Wash. 
He  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  Mar.  1,  1913. 

SWAN,  Reuben  Samuel,  banker,  was  born  at 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1850,  son  of  William 
Henry  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Bronsdon)  Swan. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
John  Swan,  a  native  of  England,  who  came 
to  the  American  colonies  before  1640,  and  settled 
at  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  married  Rebecca  Palfrey 
of  England  and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Gershom,  who  married  Sarah 
Holden;  their  son  John,  who  married  Elizabeth 
Cowdrey;  their  son  John,  who  married  Mary  Rich- 
ardson; their  son  Reuben,  who  married  Ruth  Teel, 
and  their  son  William  Henry,  the  father  of  our 
subject.  He  was  descended  from  many  of  the 
original  settlers  of  Dorchester  and  vicinity,  iii 
eluding  Gershom  Cutter  and  John  Harrington, 
soldiers  in  King  Philip's  war;  James  Tufts 
who  was  slain  at  the  Bloody  Brook  massacre 
at  Deerfield  in  1675,  and  Capt.  John  Withington 
and  Lieut.  Joseph  Reed,  who  accompanied  the 
Phipps  expedition  to  Quebec  in  1690.  Mr.  Swan 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Dorchester  and  was  graduated  at  the  Dorchester 
High  School  in  1867.  Immediately  after  his  grad- 
uation he  assisted  in  the  survey  of  the  town  of 
Dorchester  when  it  was  annexed  to  the  city  of 
Boston.  He  began  his  business  career  in  1870 
as  a  messenger  in  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Boston,  and  was  associated  with  that  institution 
in  various  capacities  for  sixteen  years.  When 
the  Brookline  National  Bank  was  chartered,  in 
1886,  he  was  made  its  cashier  and  subsequently 
became  vice-president,  a  position  he  retained 
throughout  the  bank 's  change  to  the  Brookline 
Trust  Company.  He  remained  in  active  service 
at  the  bank  until  a  year  before  his  death,  when 
he  retired  because  of  impaired  health.  Mr.  Swan 
was  a  member  of  the  Boston  common  council  from 
Dorchester  In  1881.  Prominent  in  Masonry,  he 
was  past  master  of  Beth-horon  lodge,  Brookline; 
member  of  St.  Paul's  chapter,  Boston;  Roxbury 
council,  De  Molay  coinmandery,  K.T.,  and  the  Mas- 
ters' Association  of  the  fifth  district,  Massachu- 
setts. He  also  held  membership  in  the  So- 
ciety of  Colonial  Wars,  New  England  His- 
torical and  Genealogical  Society,  Brookline  His 
torical  Society,  the  Bank  Officers'  Association  of 
Boston,  and  Riverdale  Casino,  Brookline.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  acumen,  quick  perception,  in- 
domitable will,  resistless  energv,  exact  method, 
and  irreproachable  honesty,  and  his  counsel  was 
courted  and  his  advice  sought  by  many  a  business 
or  financial  institution  among  whose  directories 
his  name  never  appeared.  He  was  married  Oct.  S, 
1873,  to  Emma  Augusta,  daughter  of  William  Mel- 
ville, of  Dorchester,  Mass.,  and  i.,  survived  by  oue 
son,  Clifford  Melville  Swan.  Mr.  Swan  died  at 
Brooklin.'.  Ma-..  Feb.  20,  1914. 

PETTIT,  Frederick  Robinson,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Kenosha,  Wis.,  Mar.  22,  1884,  son  of 
Ossian  M.  and  Alma  (Robinson)  Pettit.  His 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


G9 


father,  a  native  of  Kenosha,  wag  a  manufacturer. 
The  son  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
grammar  and  high  schools  of  Kenosha,  and  at 
University  School,  that  city.  Thereafter  he 
matriculated  at  the  Univesity  of  Chicago,  and  was 
graduated  at  that  institution  in  19(14.  In  the  lat- 
ter year  he  began  his  business  career  as  purchas- 
ing agent  in  the  service  of  the  .1.  I.  Case  Thresh- 
ing Machine  Co.,  Racine,  Wis.,  and  continued 
twelve  years  in  that  relation.  At  the  beginning  of 
1917  he  was  elected  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  J.  I.  Case  Plow  Works,  Racine, 
which  post  he  retained  until  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  also  vice-president  of  the  Wallis  Tractor 
Co.  He  was  a  director  in  the  Wisconsin  State 
Manufacturers'  Association,  and  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  in  which  he  held  the  23d  de- 
gree; Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
Phi  Kappa  Psi  fraternity,  University  Club,  Chi- 
cago ;  Somerset  Club,  Racine,  and  various  golf 
clubs.  For  two  years  he  held  the  state  golf  cham- 
pionship for  Wisconsin.  Politically  he  was  a  Re- 
publican, and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Episcopal  church.  Few  young  business  men  in  the 
history  of  Kenosha  and  Racine,  as  active  in  every 
form  of  public  life,  municipal  business  and  social, 
were  more  favorably  known  than  he.  He  was 
married  at  Racine,  Wis.,  Oct.  12,  1916,  to  Lydia, 
daughter  of  Henry  M.  Wallis,  a  manufacturer,  of 
Racine:  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Lydia 
Ann  Pettit.  He  died  at  Racine,  Wis.,  June  15, 
191!). 

GRENELL,  William  Horatio,  seedsman,  was 
born  at  Pierrepont  Manor,  N.  Y.,  .Ian.  26,  1846, 
son  of  Ezra  Oroseo  and  Abby  Munroe  (Wardwell) 
Grenell.  His  earliest  American  paternal  ancestor 
was  Mathew  Grenell,  who  came  from  England  in 
the  early  part  of  the  17th  century,  and  was  made 
a  freeman  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  in  1628.  Ezra 
Grenell,  great-grandfather  of  the  subject,  cleared 
an  estate  at  Pierrepont  Manor  in  1812,  and  this 
property,  ' '  Manor  Farm, ' '  is  still  in  possession 
of  the  family.  William  H.  Grenell  received  his 
education  at  Union  Academy,  Belleville,  N.  Y. ; 
Eastman 's  Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
and  at  Cazenovia  (N.  Y.)  Seminary.  He  then 
engaged  in  various  business  undertakings,  conti- 
nuing mercantile  affairs  until  1867,  when  he  set- 
tled as  an  agriculturist  on  "Manor  Farm."  In 
1873  he  launched  in  the  seed  business  on  a  small 
scale  and  on  borrowed  capital,  establishing  a 
warehouse  at  Pierrepont  Manor.  In  this  venture 
he  met  with  signal  success,  and  at  length  went  to 
Saginaw,  Mich.,  where  he  made  extensive  land 
purchases  and  grew  large  quantities  of  seeds.  He 
finally  relinquished  his  seed-growing  activities  at 
Pierrepont  Manor,  due  to  his  inability  to  secure 
gardens  in  sufficient  acreage,  but  he  continued  to 
maintain  his  residence  there.  He  came  to  be  known 
as  one  of  the  largest  growers  of  vegetable  seed  in 
America,  specializing  in  fancy  varieties  of  peas 
and  beans,  and  his  warehouses  at  Saginaw  were 
perhaps  the  largest  in  the  country  used  exclusively 
for  vegetable  seeds.  He  was  entirely  a  grower  and 
jobber,  supplying  the  houses  that  placed  the  seeds 
in  packages.  In  this  business  he  accumulated  a 
large  fortune.  He  improved  the  old  homestead  at 
Pierrepont  Manor  where  he  bred  a  herd  of 
thoroughbred  Holstein  cattle.  He  was  a  director 
in  the  Adams  Citizens  Bank,  Adams,  N.  Y.  He 
was  president  of  the  American  Seed  Trade  Asso- 
ciation, and  a  32d  degree  Mason.  For  thirteen 
years  he  served  as  captain  of  Co.  A,  35th  regi- 
ment, New  York  national  guard.  He  was  a  musi- 
cian of  unusual  ability,  and  for  years  was  the 


leader  of  a  brass  band  at  Wausville.  He  was  a 
Democrat.  He  married  at  Pierrepont  Manor,  N. 
Y.,  Mar.  19,  1867,  Adelaide  E.,  daughter  of  Jerome 
Allen,  of  Pierrepout  Manor.  She  survives  him, 
with  one  child,  Anna  Wardwell  (1S73),  now  Mrs. 
Matthew  J.  Huggins,  of  "Manor  Farm,"  Pierre- 
pont Manor.  He  died  at  Pierrepont  Manor,  N.  Y.. 
May  19,  1915. 

PROCTOR.,  James  McPike,  merchant,  agricul- 
turist and  stockman,  was  born  near  Monroe  City, 
Rails  co.,  Mo.,  Feb.  14,  1871,  sou  of  James  M.  and 
Ellen  K.  (McPike)  Proctor.  His  earliest  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  one  of  three  broth- 
ers, Leonard,  Thomas  and  Francis,  who  came  from 
England  in  1643  and  settled  in  Massachusetts. 
Some  of  their  descendants  drifted  to  the  Virginia 
colony,  and  to  this  branch  belonged  Capt.  Leonard 
Proctor,  of  war  of  the  revolution  fame.  Others 
of  the  family  migrated  across  the  mountains  from 
Virginia  to  Kentucky,  and  from  this  branch  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  George  Proctor, 
of  Jessamine  county,  Ky.,  to  his  son  Columbus 
Proctor,  who  became  a  Missouri  pioneer  in  1833, 
settling  on  a  farm  in  Marion  county,  and  who 
was  the  grandfather  of  James  McPike  Proctor. 
James  M.  Proctor,  father  of  the  subcjct,  was  a 
prosperous  farmer  and  ranchman.  James  Mi-Pike 
Proctor  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  schools,  was  graduated  at  La  Grange  Col- 
lege in  1891,  and  then  began  a  business  career  in 
the  offices  of  a  commission  company  at  Chicago, 
111.,  as  bookkeeper.  Later  he  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  business  at  Monroe  City,  forming  a  partner- 
ship with  Aaron  Boulware,  under  the  firm  style  of 
Boulware  &  Co.  This  relation  continued  until 
1896,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
father  and  became  active  in  the  management  and 
cultivation  of  the  family  farm  and  ranch,  adjacent 
to  Monroe  City.  On  the  death  of  his  parent  this 
large  estate  passed  to  him,  and  he  continued  its 
management  until  his  death,  having  beautified  this 
splendid  country  seat  until  it  was  the  show  place 
of  the  entire  section.  He  was  a  large  trader  and 
feeder,  and  approximately  thirty-five  car  loads  of 
cattle  went  from  his  place  to  market  each  year. 
He  was  always  identified  with  every  community 
interest,  taking  especial  interest  in  good  roads, 
rendering  efficient  service  for  several  years  as 
special  commissioner  of  the  Monroe  City  special 
road  district.  Aside  from  owning  the  largest  farm 
in  his  section  of  the  state  he  had  large  landed 
interests  in  Texas,  and  was  the  owner  of  the 
Proctor  Jewelry  &  Music  Co.,  and  was  local  agent 
for  several  automobile  manufacturers.  He  was  a 
large  shareholder  and  a  director  in  the  Monroe 
City  Bank.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Baptist  church.  He  was  of  a  sympathetic, 
energetic,  and  cheerful  nature,  ready  wit  and  sense 
of  humor.  He  was  married  at  La  Grange,  Mo., 
June  14,  1893,  to  Minnie,  daughter  of  Robert  M. 
Wallace,  publisher  La  Grange  "Democrat,"  and 
one  time  member  of  the  Missouri  legislature.  She 
survives  him,  with  three  children:  Mary  Lucille, 
Vivian  T.,  and  Hattie  Proctor.  He  died  at  Monroe 
City,  Mo.,  Nov.  20,  1916. 

STAPEL,  Henry  Frederick,  lawyer,  editor, 
publisher  and  insurance  official,  was  born  in  Dear- 
born county,  Ind.,  Sept.  30,  1858,  son  of  Ernest 
H.  and  Louisa  (Wulber)  Stapel.  His  father,  a 
native  of  the  province  of  Hanover,  Germany,  was 
a  farmer  and  merchant  who  came  from  his  native 
land  in  1841  and  was  a  pioneer  settler  in  Dear- 
born county.  The  son  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  district  schools,  and  at  fourteen 


70 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


started  out  to  provide  for  his  own  maintenance, 
working  on  a  farm  at  West  Union,  la.,  and  in 
1875  removing  to  Atchison  county,  Mo.  He 
worked  his  way  through  Nebraska  State  Normal 
School,  Peru,  graduating  in  Is75.  He  then  taught 
school  and  worked  as  a  harvest  hand  at  Rock  Port, 
Mo.  He  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  law  of 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1884  with  the  de- 
gree LL.B.  He  then  returned  to  Rock  Port  and 
purchased  the  "Atchison  County  Mail,"  the  only 
Democratic  newspaper  in  the  county,  which  had 
a  circulation  of  only  300  at  that  time.  Under 
the  wise  policy  inaugurated  by  him  the  circula- 
tion soon  increased  to  3,000,  and  the  newspaper 
was  greatly  enlarged.  Through  its  columns  he 
did  much  to  promote  the  welfare  of  his  adopted 
county.  He  was  always  on  the  side  of  progress, 
reform,  and  improvement,  and  his  editorials  car- 
ried weight.  Pres.  Cleveland  appointed  him  post- 
mastci  at  Rock  Port  in  1885.  His  chief  work, 
however,  was  as  the  founder  of  mutual  insurance 
in  Missouri.  In  1880,  holding  the  opinion  that 
the  old  line  insurance  companies  were  charging 
the  public  excessive  rates,  he  resolved  that,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  state  legislature,  he  would 
himself  engage  in  the  insurance  business  on  the 
mutual  plan.  But  it  required  seven  years  to  se- 
cure the  passage  of  a  law  under  which  he  could 
work,  and  it  was  not  until  1889  that  he  wrote  the 
first  policy  for  the  Farmers'  Mutual  Fire  Insur- 
ance Co.  of  Atchison  county,  the  parent  company. 
So  immediately  popular  was  the  idea  of  mutual 
insurance  that  his  first  day's  horseback  ride  into 
the  country  secured  for  him  business  approximat- 
ing $100,000.  Under  his  personal  direction  the 
company  had  a  marvelous  growth,  and  at  his  death 
it  was  transacting  business  in  one  hundred  and 
fourteen  counties  of  Missouri.  With  few  excep- 
tions every  property  owner  in  Atchison  county 
carries  a  policy  in  the  company,  and  the  concern 
has  saved  thousands  annually  to  the  insuring  pub- 
lic, while  each  year  it  has  gained  strength.  From 
this  small  beginning  in  putting  into  practical  ap- 
plication the  principles  of  mutual  insurance  in 
Missouri,  other  states  have  been  inspired  to  intro- 
duce this  method  of  insurance.  He  was  also  a 
factor  in  the  organization  of  the  Missouri  Farm- 
ers' Mutual  Tornado,  Cyclone  &  Windstorm  Insur- 
ance Co.,  both  of  Rock  Port.  He  was  the  chief 
factor  in  the  erection  of  the  Stapel  Mutual  Insur- 
ance building,  Rock  Port,  the  first  mutual  insur- 
ance building  in  the  United  States.  In  1906  he 
was  elected  to  the  44th  general  assembly  of  Mis- 
souri, representing  Atchison  county,  and  served 
as  member  of  the  committees  on  ways  and  means, 
criminal  jurisprudence,  and  Jamestown  Exposi- 
tion, of  which  latter  he  was  chairman,  and  he 
was  prominently  mentioned  for  speaker  of  the 
house.  In  1903  he  lacked  but  one  vote  of  being 
the  choice  of  the  Democratic  party  for  senator  in 
the  1st  district  of  Missouri.  He  had  served  as 
member  and  chairman  of  the  Democratic  county 
central  committee.  He  was  promoter,  organizer, 
and  for  four  years  secretary  of  the  Rock  Port 
Mutual  Telephone  Co.  He  owned  a  model  farm 
near  Rock  Port.  He  was  a  member  Missouri 
Press  Association,  Iowa  Traveling  Men's  Associa- 
tion, Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Odd  Fel- 
lows' Annuity  Association,  Safety  Fund  Insur- 
ance Society,  Masonic  fraternity,  32d  degree, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Modern  Woodmen  of  Amer- 
ica, Woodmen  of  the  World,  Ancient  Order  United 
Workmen,  Fraternal  Home,  Order  of  the  Eastern 
Star,  and  of  various  sub-societies  of  these  fraterni- 
ties. He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Lutheran 


Church,  Rock  Port,  and  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday  school.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
the  home  circle  and  in  travel.  Characteristic  of  him 
were  great  industry,  energy,  and  perseverance;  he 
had  a  practical  mind,  and  great  power  of  organi- 
zation. He  was  married  (1)  at  Fairfax,  Mo., 
1887,  to  Lilly,  daughter  of  Judge  John  F.  Sly, 
Fairfax;  she  died  in  1894.  He  was  married  (II) 
in  Munich,  Germany,  1895,  to  Anna,  daughter  of 
Michael  Neidlein ;  she  survives  him,  with  one 
child  by  the  first  union:  John  C.  (1893),  Rock 
Port,  Mo.,  and  two  children  by  the  second  union: 
Frieda  (1897),  and  Henry  F.  Stapel  (1906).  He 
died  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  Sept.  11,  1918. 

KYEH,  Fletcher  Ferris,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Stockton,  Cal.,  Dee.  9,  1862,  son  of  Washington 
and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Fletcher)  Ryer.  His  father 
was  a  physician  of  Stockton  and  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  who  subsequently  retired  from  active  prac- 
tice and  engaged  in  ranching,  having  purchased 
considerable  property  in  California,  including 
Ryer  island  in  the  Sacramento  river.  The  son  was 
educated  under  private  tutors  abroad;  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  and  was  graduated  A.B.  at 
Harvard  University  in  1883,  having  completed  a 
three  years '  course  in  two.  He  then  entered  Co- 
lumbia University  law  school,  New  York  city, 
but  about  a  year  later  was  obliged  to  return  to 
California  to  assume  the  management  of  his  fath- 
er's interests,  meanwhile  continuing  the  study  of 
law  during  his  spare  time.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  California  in  1887,  in  which  year  he 
opened  an  office  in  San  Francisco,  and  devoted  his 
tinii'  exclusively  to  the  interests  of  the  Ryer  estate. 
Mr.  Ryer  was  a  member  of  the  Geographical  So- 
ciety of  California,  of  various  legal  and  historical 
associations,  and  of  the  Harvard,  Burlingame, 
University  and  Pacific  and  Union  clubs,  of  San 
Francisco,  and  the  Columbia  University  Club  of 
New  York  city.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  His  favorite  diversion 
was  studying  languages  and  ancient  history, 
in  which  he  was  well  versed.  He  was  a  pro- 
found scholar  and  wise  advocate;  a  man  of  high 
culture  and  brilliant  intellect.  He  was  married 
July  24,  1890,  to  Blanche  Hubbard,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, who  survived  him  with  one  daughter,  Doris 
Fletcher,  who  married  Stanhope  Nixon.  He  died 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Aug.  16,  1911. 

HICKS,  Walter  Scott,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  at  Bristol.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  18,  1827,  son 
of  Aaron  and  Hannah  (Cornell)  Hicks.  His 
father  was  a  farmer.  W.  Scott  Hicks  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools.  After 
a  course  at  Geneva  (N.  Y. )  Medical  College,  he 
was  graduated  at  Buffalo  Medical  College  in  1851 
with  the  degree  M.D.  In  that  year  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Bristol,  continuing 
there  until  his  retirement  from  active  professional 
cares  within  a  few  years  of  his  death.  He  was 
president  of  the  Ontario  County  Medical  Society; 
member  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society 
and  the  Central  New  York  Medical  Society,  and 
in  the  early  days  was  secretary  of  the  Philo- 
mathean  Literary  Society  of  Bristol.  He  held 
various  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
though  seldom  if  ever  an  office  with  a  salary.  He 
was  also  a  factor  in  Republican  politics,  and  for 
some  years  commissioner  of  loans  for  Ontario 
county.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Univer- 
salist  Church,  Bristol.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  reading  and  in  floriculture.  He  was 
gentle  and  kind-hearted,  but  positive  in  his  con- 
victions. As  a  physician  Dr.  Hicks  led  a  life  akin 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHY. 


71 


to  that  of  the  good  doctor  in  "Bonnie  Brier 
Bush."  He  was  dearly  loved,  was  a  conscientious 
practitioner,  and  his  practice  covered  a  wide 
range  throughout  the  surrounding  country.  Pos- 
sessing indomitable  energy,  perseverance  and 
capabilities  of  a  high  order,  he  attained  a  prom- 
inent position  in  his  profession  in  Ontario  county, 
and  his  practice  covered  a  large  section.  He  en- 
deared himself  to  all  by  his  kindliness,  manliness, 
and  rugged  traits  of  character.  Like  the  rare  Is- 
raelite of  old  he  was  a  man  in  whom  there  was 
no  guile,  a  man  of  intrinsic  righteousness  of 
thought  and  act.  He  was  the  embodiment  of  per- 
sonal and  professional  integrity.  His  own  ethics 
were  above  the  need  and  beyond  the  dictum  of 
any  ethical  code.  He  was  married  at  Bristol,  N. 
Y.,  Oct.  13,  1853,  to  Eleanor  Adelaide,  daughter 
of  Francis  Mason,  a  farmer  of  Bristol,  and  died 
at  Bristol,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  16,  1914. 

ALLERTON,  Samuel  "Waters,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  May  26,  1828,  son  of  Sam- 
uel Waters  (1775-1874)  and  Hannah  (Hurd)  Al- 
lerton,  and  a  descendant  of  Isaac  Allerton,  1584- 
1659),  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1620  and  settled  in  the  Massachusetts  colony. 
Isaac  Allerton  resided  in  London  for  some  time 
prior  to  his  removal  to  Holland  in  1609,  and  came 
to  the  new  world  as  one  of  the  Mayflower  pas- 
sengers. Mary  Norris,  wife  of  Isaac  Allerton,  was 
a  native  of  New  bury,  England,  and  they  were  mar- 
ried at  Leyden,  in  1611;  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Isaac  and  his 
second  wife  Fear  Brewster;  their  son  Isaac  and 
his  wife ;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Eliza- 
beth   ;  their  son  Isaac  and  his  wife  Lucy 

Spaulding;  their  son  Reuben  and  his  wife  Lois 
Atherton,  who  were  grandparents  of  our  subject. 
His  father  studied  for  the  medical  profession,  but 
afterward  became  a  merchant  tailor.  Samuel  W. 
Allertou  spent  his  boyhood  mainly  on  the  banks 
of  Seneca  Lake.  He  was  but  twelve  years  of  age 
when  his  father  failed  in  business  and  he  began 
providing  for  his  own  support,  hence  his  district 
school  education  was  but  a  meagre  one.  As  an 
agriculturist  on  a  rented  farm,  which  he  managed 
with  his  brother,  he  not  only  relieved  the  indebted- 
ness of  his  parent,  but  saved  the  sum  of  $3,200, 
gained  principally  by  trading  in  live  stock  in  the 
Albany  (N.  Y.)  market.  He  subsequently  shipped 
cattle  to  New  York  city,  and  heeding  the  call  of 
the  west  removed  to  Illinois  and  engaged  in  buying 
cattle  in  Foilton  county.  Impaired  health  and  a 
financial  panic  caused  his  return  to  Newark,  N.  Y., 
where  with  his  brother  Orville  he  conducted  a  gen- 
eral merchandising  business.  Finding,  however, 
that  the  limits  and  possibilities  of  such  a  career 
were  too  narrow,  he  settled  in  Chicago  in  1860. 
There  he  engaged  in  live  stock  dealing,  and  bought 
his  first  cattle  shipment  in  the  old  Merrick  yards 
on  Cottage  Grove  avenue.  In  May,  1860,  upon  a 
sharp  decline  in  prices,  he  cornered  the  pork  mar- 
ket by  buying  every  hog  in  Chicago.  At  that  time 
he  was  alone  in  the  city  and  it  was  difficult  for  him 
to  obtain  money.  Three  telegrams,  one  from  his 
own  bank  and  two  from  New  York,  however,  were 
regarded  as  sufficient  security  on  the  part  of  a 
banking  firm  to  secure  him  a  loan,  and  the  profits 
which  accrued  from  that  deal  constituted  the  foun- 
dation of  his  fortune.  Moreover,  the  experience 
brought  to  him  a  recognition  of  the  need  and  value 
of  union  stock  yards  and  better  banking  facilities 
in  Chicago,  and  he  set  to  work  to  gain  both.  In  the 
'60 's  there  were  three  stock  yards  in  Chicago.  In 
1865  he  joined  with  John  B.  Sherman  in  the  agi- 
tation of  a  proposition  to  combine  the  interests, 


and  their  labors  resulted  in  the  organization  of 
the  Union  Stock  Yards  in  1866;  he  afterward  be- 
came interested  in  the  stock  yards  of  Pittsburg, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Jersey  City,  St.  Joseph 
and  Omaha.  For  years  he  was  president  of  the  Aller- 
tou Packing  Co.  His  earlier  experience  with  the 
banks  led  to  his  efforts  for  the  establishment  of 
the  first  Chicago  bank  under  the  national  banking 
laws  and  he  became  one  of  the  original  directors 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  of  which 
he  was  a  director  for  fifty  years  and  in  which  he 
continued  to  hold  a  heavy  interest  until  his  death. 
He  always  held  that  Illinois  farm  lands  were  the 
best  investment  in  the  country.  He  gave  close 
study  to  the  economic  conditions  of  the  state,  and 
he  acquired  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  acres. 
His  holdings  comprised  also  many  thousands  of 
acres  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  including  farm 
property  in  Ohio,  la.,  Nebraska  and  'Wyoming. 
He  acquired  a  fine  area  of  land  in  Piatt  county, 
111.,  near  Monticello,  while  trading  in  cattle  in  the 
early  days.  His  son,  Robert  Allerton,  has  since 
taken  over  the  property  and  made  from  it  one  of 
the  finest  modern  farms  in  the  West.  It  is  known 
as  "The  Farms."  The  home  thereon  is  modelled 
after  the  typical  residence  of  the  English  country 
gentleman,  and  although  every  acre  is  tilled  to  per- 
fection, fine  horses,  cattle  and  hogs  are  the  chief 
sources  of  revenue.  His  country  home  at  Lake 
Geneva,  Wis.,  now  the  property  of  his  widow,  was 
ever  a  source  of  delight  to  him,  and  there  he  found 
his  chief  recreation  amid  the  pleasures  of  yachting, 
driving  and  fishing.  In  California  he  maintained 
a  winter  residence,  an  old  Spanish  mission  building 
having  been  converted  into  a  qaint  yet  elegant 
home.  He  had  vast  land  and  elevator  interests  at 
Allerton,  111.,  and  was  also  interested  in  the  State 
Bank  of  Allerton.  His  business  regulations  in  Chi- 
cago were  of  immense  benefit  to  the  city.  After 
watching  the  workings  of  the  cable  street  car  com- 
pany in  San  Francisco  in  1880,  he  used  his  influ- 
ence as  a  stockholder  in  the  South  Side  Traction 
System  with  the  result  that  the  cable  was  adopted 
by  all  the  street  railways  of  Chicago.  Until  his 
death  he  remained  a  director  of  the  Chicago  City 
Railways  Co.  In  addition  to  acting  as  director  of 
the  First  National  Bank  since  its  inception,  he  was 
a  director  in  the  First  Trust  £  Savings  Bank,  and 
the  National  Safe  Deposit  Co.  He  was  the  Re- 
publican candidate  for  mayor  of  Chicago;  was  a 
strong  protectionist  and  an  advocate  of  all  things 
calculated  to  enhance  the  interests  of  American 
labor.  He  gave  efficient  aid  to  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition  as  a  director,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Union  League,  Chicago  Golf,  and  Marquette 
clubs,  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  and 
the  Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants.  Of  unemo- 
tional nature,  yet  of  well  balanced  character,  he 
early  learned  correctly  to  judge  of  life  and  its  con- 
tacts, of  his  own  capacities  and  powers,  and  of 
those  things  which  make  up  life 's  experiences. 
Among  his  strongly  marked  characteristics  was  a 
democratic  manner  and  reserved  dignity.  He  was 
regarded  as  one  of  the  notable  business  men  of  his 
city,  a  man  contemporaneous  with  Armour,  Mor- 
ris, Pullman,  Swift  and  Field,  with  all  of  whom  he 
had  close  personal  acquaintance.  No  citizen  of  Illi- 
nois did  more  toward  the  advancement  of  the  agri- 
cultural, financial,  industrial  and  general  business 
interests  of  the  state  than  Samuel  Waters  Aller- 
ton. He  was  married  (I)  at  Peoria,  111.,  July  1, 
I860,  to  Pamilla  M.,  daughter  of  Asler  C.  Thomp- 
son, of  Fulton  county,  111.  After  her  death  he 
was  married  (II),  Mar.  15,  1882,  to  Agnes  C.,  a 
sister  of  his  first  wife;  she  survives  him,  with  two 


72 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


children,  by  the  first  union:  Kate  Reinette,  the 
wife  of  Hugo  R.  Johnstone ;  and  Robert  Henry 
Allerton.  He  died  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Feb.  22,  1914. 

GOULDEN,  Edward  Lewis,  restaurateur,  was 
born  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  June  6,  1857,  son  of 
Samuel  and  Martha  Goulden.  His  father  was  a 
carpenter  and  builder.  Edward  L.  Goulden  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city.  He  began  a  business  career  as  a  lum- 
ber salesman,  and  was  later  superintendent  of  the 
lumber  yards  of  A.  W.  Burritt,  Bridgeport.  In 
1894  he  became  proprietor  of  a  restaurant  at 
Bridgeport,  and  in  1904  removed  to  Waterbury, 
Conn.,  where  he  established  the  Park  Lunch.  He 
met  with  such  success  in  this  undertaking  that  he 
subsequently  opened  a  large  restaurant.  His  eat- 
ing house  had  a  large  clientele  and  he  remained 
its  proprietor  until  his  death,  becoming  one  of 
the  most  widely  known  restauranteurs  in  the 
state.  Built  in  an  heroic  mould,  striking  in  ap- 
pearance and  genial  in  manner,  he  was  the  ideal 
boniface  and  made  a  splendid  host.  He  was  an 
amateur  actor  of  ability  and  always  had  con- 
spicuous parts  in  such  productions  at  Bridgeport 
and  East  Bridgeport.  He  was  an  organizer  of 
his  lodge,  Independent  Order  of  Good  Templars, 
and  a  member  also  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  both  lodge  and  Rebekah,  Junior  Or- 
der United  American  Mechanics,  of  which  he  was 
past  state  councilor,  state  secretary,  and  had  held 
a  number  of  national  offices,  and  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Order  of  Owls.  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  Trinity  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
Bridgeport.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic 
duty,  and  had  been  active  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Waterbury  chamber  of  commerce.  His  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
generously  endowed  with  the  faculty  of  making 
friends  of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  and, 
during  his  many  years  of  active  business  life,  he 
was  consulted  by  those  in  prosperity  and  adversity 
with  equal  confidence  that  his  advice  would  be  the 
honest  expression  of  his  excellent  judgment.  He 
married  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Oct.  21,  1875,  Emma 
H.,  daughter  of  James  C.  Blakeman,  of  Bridge- 
port ;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child :  Louis  D. 
Goulden,  of  Stamford,  Conn.  He  died  at  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  Jan.  26,  1915. 

KISEB,  John  William,  manufacturer  and 
financier,  was  born  near  St.  Paris,  Champaign 
co.,  June  20,  1857,  son  of  George  Riley  and 
Margaret  Ellen  (McVey)  Kiser,  grandson  of 
Nicholas  Kiser,  whose  father  was  a  native  of 
Germany.  He  was  reared  on  his  father 's  farm 
and  was  graduated  at  Wittenberg  College, 
Springfield,  O.,  in  1884.  He  was  traveling  collec- 
tor for  the  Springfield,  O.,  Engine  and  Threshing 
Co.,  for  five  years.  Settling  in  Chicago  in  1S89, 
he  became  manager  of  the  Chicago  Sewing  Ma- 
chine Co.,  of  which  he  was  made  president  in 
1893.  With  Chandler  Robbins,  he  organized  the 
Monarch  Cycle  Manufacturing  Co.  in  1893,  was 
subsequently  its  president,  and  made  it  one  of 
the  strongest  concerns  in  the  bicycle  field.  By 
selling  his  interest  to  the  American  Bicycle  Co., 
in  1899  he  showed  his  business  foresight  in 
anticipating  the  waning  popularity  of  the  bicycle. 
In  1902  he  became  treasurer  of  the  Phoenix 
Horse  Shoe  Co.  of  Chicago,  with  factories  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  and  Joliet,  111.,  and  served 
as  its  president  from  1907  until  his  death.  He 
held  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Cincinnati 
Horseshoe  &  Iron  Co.,  and  he  was  a  director  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  the  First 
Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  the  Miehle  Printing 


Press  and  Manufacturing  Co.  of  Chicago,  and 
vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
St.  Paris.  Interested  in  farming  as  a  hobby,  he 
maintained  several  farms  in  Ohio  in  a  high  state 
of  cultivation  and  efficiency.  Mr.  Kiser  was  a 
man  of  keen  intelligence  who  was  able  to  apply 
his  intelligence  in  a  practical  manner.  He  never 
magnified  an  act  of  his  through  his  own  pub- 
licity; and  many  kind  deeds  were  performed  in 
behalf  of  the  needy,  of  which  the  public  knew 
nothing.  In  politics  he  was  an  Independent 
Democrat,  and  his  religious  affiliation  was  with 
the  Congregational  Church.  His  clubs  were: 
Union  League;  Chicago  Athletic;  Mid-Day; 
Glen  View;  South  Shore  Country;  Chicago  Golf; 
Automobile  Club  of  America,  and  Blind  Brook 
Country  and  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Chi- 
cago Historical  Society;  the  Ohio  Society  of 
New  York,  and  American  Iron  and  Steel  Insti- 
tute. He  was  married  Sept.  18,  1884,  to  Thyrza, 
daughter  of  Ezra  Furrow,  of  St.  Paris,  O.,  who 
survives  him  with  one  sou,  John  W.  Kiser.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  31,  1916. 

KISEB,  John  William,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Chicago,  111.,  June  10,  1889,  son  of  John 
William  Kiser  (above.)  He  was  educated  at  the 
Lawrenceville  (N.  J.)  School,  the  University 
High  School  of  Chicago,  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, and  Yale  University,  being  graduated  Ph.B. 
at  the  last  named  institution  in  the  class  of  1915. 
In  that  year  he  became  associated  with  the  Phoe- 
nix Horse  Shoe  Co.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  as  as- 
sistant to  his  father,  who  was  prsident  of  the 
company.  He  was  quick  to  master  the  details  of 
the  Business  and  displayed  such  remarkable  ex- 
ccutive  ability  that  upon  his  father's  death  in  1916 
he  succeeded  to  the  presidency.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Republican  and  his  religious  affiliation  is  with 
the  Congregational  Church.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  yachting,  agricultural  pursuits  and 
outdoor  sports.  Mr.  Kiser  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  and  of  the 
Automobile  Club  of  America,  Springfield  (O.) 
Country  Club,  the  Yale  Club  of  New  York,  and 
University  Club,  Chicago.  He  is  unmarried. 

ERNEST,  Juan  Watson,  inventor,  composer 
and  author,  was  born  at  Rockford,  111.,  Mar.  2X. 
1S52,  son  of  James  Lawrence  and  Mary  (Billings) 
Ernest.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Luther  Bill- 
ings, was  a  brother  of  William  Billings  (q.v.),  the 
composer.  His  father,  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  re- 
moved from  Illinois  to  Minnesota  in  1857,  and  the 
sou  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  southern  Minnesota.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota  in  1872.  While  studying 
he  became  apprentice  to  a  jeweler  and  watch- 
maker, and  at  the  University  maintained  a  small 
jewelry  store  and  repair  shop.  In  1880  he  settled 
permanently  in  southern  California,  where  he 
made  extensive  investments  in  real  estate,  be- 
coming owner  of  various  ranches  and  of  much  city 
property  in  Los  Angeles  and  nearby  towns.  From 
his  earliest  youth  he  exhibited  a  real  genius  for 
mechanics,  and  was  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  a 
folding  voting  booth  (1895)  which  came  into  gen- 
eral use  in  many  states.  He  was  considered  an 
authority  on  finance;  wrote  interestingly  of  the 
causes  of  the  money  panic  of  1907  and  criticisms 
anent  the  monetary  commission  and  the  Pujo  in- 
vestigation, besides  contributing  to  the  newspapers 
and  magazines.  He  composed  a  number  of  sacred 
songs,  the  most  popular  being  "The  Changed 
Life,"  from  the  parable  of  the  prodigal  son,  for 
which  he  also  wrote  the  words.  He  was  deeply 
interested  in  religious  matters,  was  a  keen  Bible 


Ti-rc   NATIONAL 


QIA   CF   AMERCAN  SDSRAPY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


student,  and  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death  an  enthusiastic  collector  of  precious  and 
semi-precious  stouts.  Mr.  Ernest's  career  was  a 
long  succession  of  achievements  in  various  lines  of 
effort.  Working  always  for  the  work  's  sake  and 
its  value  in  forwarding  human  betterment,  the 
wealth  he  acquired  was  regarded  as  but  a  means 
to  an  end.  He  loved  to  give  of  himself  and  of  his 
means,  and,  of  an  exceptionally  hospitable  nature, 
he  entertained  generously  and  much.  His  was  a 
life  of  service,  of  devotion  to  high  purposes.  He 
was  a  fighter  for  the  common  good,  and  he  was  a 
man  who  had  the  best  of  life  always,  not  because 
of  what  he  got  out  of  it,  but  rather  because  of 
what  he  put  into  it.  He  brought  to  the  task  of 
living  ami  laboring  the  gift  of  a  comprehensive 
sympathy,  a  vast  capacity  for  loyalty,  a  thorough 
and  non-exclusive  accord  with  his  fellow  men.  In 
all  the  posts  and  places  in  which  lie  wrought  with 
a  characteristic  American  versatility,  he  left  the 
impress  of  his  pleasing  personality.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  San  Bernardino,  Calif.,  July  21.  1914,  to 
Etta,  daughter  of  Julius  Billings,  attorney  and 
judge  of  Minnesota.  He  died  in  Los  Angeles, 
Calif.,  Apr.  5,  1916. 

JONES,  Charles,  capitalist,  was  born  at  Stroud- 
water,  now  a  part  of  Portland,  Me.,  Apr.  16,  1804. 
He  early  entered  the  employ  of  a  relative,  Heze- 
kiah  Winslow,  proprietor  of  a  shipping  commis- 
sion firm  in  Portland,  Me.  Later  he  was  taken  into 
partnership  under  the  firm  style  of  Winslow  & 
Jones,  which  continued  several  years.  Subse- 
quently he  organized  The  Portland  Co.,  "for  the 
manufacturing  of  all  equipments  of  a  railroad 
and  of  all  other  articles  of  wood  and  metal."  This 
cdinpany  was  established  in  connection  with  various 
railroads  then  organized  in  Portland,  and  was 
especially  allied  with  the  Atlantic  &  St.  Lawrence 
Railroad  Co.,  now  a  unit  of  the  Grand  Trunk  sys- 
tem. He  was  also  a  prime  factor  in  the  growth 
and  maintenance  of  the  Atlantic  &  St.  Lawrence 
railroads.  In  its  struggle  for  existence  he  guided 
its  finances  with  strong  resourcefulness,  and  under 
his  direction  and  management  and  by  his  initia- 
tive ability  it  became  an  important  link  in  Maine 
transportation.  He  organized  the  Portland  Gas 
Light  Co.,  the  first  in  the  state,  and  served  as  its 
president  until  his  death.  This  company  is  still 
in  existence,  and  rated  as  a  leader  among  the  public 
utilities  of  New  England.  He  was  for  years  a  domi- 
nant factor  in  real  estate  operations  in  Portland. 
He  enjoyed  a  local  reputation  as  an  amateur  archi- 
tect; several  notable  buildings  still  standing  in 
Portland  were  designed  by  him.  He  also  sketched 
plans  and  designs  for  locomotives  to  be  built  by  The 
Portland  Co.  His  name  was  long  identified  with 
charitable  and  philanthropic  enterprises  in  Port- 
land. He  was  director  in  the  Widow 's  Wood  So- 
ciety, and  the  Portland  Benevolent  Society.  He 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Unitarian  Church.  Po- 
litically, he  was  a  Republican  and  a  staunch  advo- 
cate of  prohibition.  He  was  a  lover  of  horses  and 
of  all  equine  sports.  He  was  married  June  8,  1847, 
to  Anna  Ticknor,  daughter  of  Charles  S.  Daveis, 
Portland,  Me.,  and  had  one  child:  Elisabeth  C., 
wife  of  Stanley  Thomas  Pullen  (below).  He  died 
at  Portland,  Me.,  Dec.  12,  1859. 

PULLEN,  Stanley  Thomas,  lawyer,  publisher 
and  banker,  was  born  at  Guilford,  Me.,  Aug.  6, 
1843,  son  of  Thomas  Stanley  and  Harriet  (Bailey) 
Pullen.  His  father  served  as  sheriff  and  later 
judge  of  probate  for  Piscataquis  county,  and  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Maine  state  senate.  On  the 


maternal  side  the  subject  was  a  direct  descendant 
of  Priscilla  Mullens,  of  the  Mayflower.  Stanley 
Thomas  Pullen  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  schools  of  Foxcroft  and  Dover;  was  grad- 
uated A.B.  at  Colby  College  in  1S64,  and  for  a 
year  thereafter  was  principal  of  Foxcroft  Acad- 
emy. He  studied  law  at  Foxcroft  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Augustus  G.  Lebroke;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Maine  in  1866,  and  in  that  year  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Foxcroft. 
In  1869  he  removed  to  Portland,  where  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Percival  Bonney,  under  the 
style  of  Bonney  &  Pullen,  continuing  until  1*7'J. 
He  then  purchased  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
Portland  "Daily  Press,"  of  winch  he  was  editor 
and  publisher  for  eleven  years.  In  1886,  with 
Frank  C.  Crocker,  he  secured  a  seat  on  the  Xew 
York  Stock  Exchange.  He  continued  as  the  New 
York  representative  of  the  firm  until  1894  when 
he  assumed  the  management  of  the  Portland  office. 
Pullen,  Crocker  &  Co.  dissolved  partnership  later 
in  1894,  and  in  1896  he  formed  a  similar  partner- 
ship with  Edmund  C.  Stedman  (q.  v.)  of  New 
York,  but  shortly  thereafter  was  stricken  with  a 
malady  of  the  eyes  and  was  obliged  to  relinquish 
all  active  business  connections.  Almost  total  blind- 
ness ensued  and  continued  until  his  death.  It  was 
a  blow  to  a  man  of  his  many  and  varied  activities 
and  interests,  but  he  faced  the  inevitable  with 
courage  and  patience.  The  cloud  which  settled 
over  his  life  did  not  impair  his  usefulness  to  as 
great  a  degree  as  it  might  have  with  many  other 
men.  He  had  long  been  prominent  in  the  coun- 
cils of  the  Republican  party,  was  a  delegate  to 
various  national  conventions,  and  during  1874—75 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  house  of  representa- 
tives, serving  on  the  judiciary  committee,  and  de- 
clining a  renomination  on  the  ground  that  it  pre- 
vented the  exercise  of  editorial  independence.  In 
ls~s  Pros.  Arthur  appointed  him  surveyor  of  cus- 
toms of  the  port  of  Portland.  He  was  for  some 
years  a  member  of  the  Portland  school  committee, 
and  for  twenty  years  was  a  trustee  of  Maine  state 
normal  schools.  In  1872  he  joined  the  Society  for 
the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals ;  was  its  first 
secretary,  and  later  president.  In  1.S01  the  society 
united  with  the  State  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  which  then  became  known 
as  the  Maine  State  Society  for  the  Protection  of 
Animals.  He  was  a  member  of  the  University  and 
Players'  clubs,  New  York  city;  Cumberland  and 
Portland  clubs,  Portland,  and  of  the  Masonic  lodge 
and  chapter,  and  for  years  was  superintendent  of 
the  Preble  Chapel  Sunday  school.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Portland,  Me.,  Sept.  8,  1894,  to  Elisabeth 
Cavazza,  daughter  of  Charles  Jones,  a  merchant, 
of  Portland.  Mrs.  Pullen,  who  survives  him,  is  an 
author  and  poet  of  note.  He  died  at  Portland,  Me., 
Feb.  15,  1910. 

VIEBAHN,  Charles  Frederick,  educator,  was 
born  near  Cologne,  Germany,  April  20,  1842,  and 
came  to  America  with  his  parents  in  1852,  settling 
on  a  Wisconsin  farm.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  by  private  instruction,  and  for 
three  years  was  a  student  at  the  University  of 
Wisconsin,  where  he  was  a  close  friend  and  class- 
mate of  John  Muir,  naturalist,  explorer  and 
author.  During  two  terms  his  course  as  a  student 
was  interrupted  by  teaching  in  a  country  school. 
He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  Wisconsin 
bar,  but  finally  decided  to  adopt  teaching  as  a 
profession.  He  became  principal  of  schools  at 
Sank  (then  Manitowoe),  Wis..  and  while  acting 
in  that  capacity  in  1873  established  the  first  kin- 
dergarten in  the  state  to  be  conducted  in  connec- 


74 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


tion  with  a  public  school.  Later  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  schools  of  Manitowoc  county  and  then 
of  Sauk  county.  While  filling  the  latter  position 
he  prepared  and  introduced  a  study  course  for 
country  schools,  the  first  in  the  state.  He  was 
superintendent  of  schools  and  principal  of  the 
Watertown  (Wis.)  high  school  during  1SSO— 94, 
and  he  was  the  first  teacher  in  the  state  to  be 
granted  an  unlimited  teachers'  certificate.  He 
was  president  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Teachers' 
Association,  conducted  a  number  of  teachers'  in- 
stitutes and  read  many  papers  before  educational 
bodies,  or  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  examiners,  serving  under  five  different 
state  superintendents,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  its  chairman.  In  addition  to  the  lau- 
rels he  won  as  an  instructor,  having  retired  from, 
teaching  in  1904,  he  was  selected  to  represent  his 
district  in  the  legislature  in  1908,  was  re-elected 
in  lf)10  and  again  in  1912.  During  one  term  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  education  and 
member  of  the  committee  on  legislative  procedure. 
After  his  return  from  the  legislature  his  interest 
in  educational  matters  continued,  and  he  was  an 
almost  daily  visitor  at  the  Watertown  high  school, 
and  even  acted  as  a  relief  teacher.  He  was  in- 
structor, friend  and  counsellor  to  many,  and  he 
endeared  himself  to  all  who  knew  him  by  his  kind- 
liness, his  rugged  manliness  and  sterling  traits  of 
character.  His  professional  career  was  peculiarly 
signalized  by  an  intense  interest  in  his  work  and 
marked  conservatism  in  his  opinions  and  methods. 
He  was  married  (1)  in  1868  to  Apolloma  Fischer, 
of  Sauk,  Wis.;  she  died  in  ]S93,  and  he  was  mar- 
ried (2)  Oct.  26,  1895,  to  Mrs.  Josephine  Augusta 
Hall,  widow  of  Arthur  Hall  and  daughter  of  Chas. 
Edward,  of  Watertown,  Wis.;  she  survives  him. 
He  died  at  Watertown,  Wis.,  liar.  17,  1915. 

THOMAS,  Jesse  Burg-ess,  clergyman,  was  born 
at  Edwardsville,  111.,  July  29,  1832,  son  of  Jesse 
B.  and  Adeline  C.  (Smith)  Thomas,  grandson  of 
Richard  Symmes  and  Frances  (Pattie)  Thomas, 
great-grandson  of  Jesse  and  Sabina  (Symmes) 
Thomas,  and  great-great-grandson  of  Thomas 
Thomas,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  1651,  and  settled  in  Maryland.  Jesse 
B.  Thomas,  father  of  our  subject,  was  justice  of 
the  Illinois  supreme  court.  The  son  was  graduated 
at  Kenyon  College  in  1850,  subsequently  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois,  and  for 
a  time  practiced  in  Chicago.  In  1862  he  aban- 
doned the  law  for  the  ministry  and  was  ordained 
at  Waukegan,  111.,  which  was  his  first  charge.  He 
was  pastor  of  the  Pierrepout  Street  Baptist 
Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  during  1864-68,  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  San  Francisco,  Calif.,  1868,  and 
the  Michigan  Avenue  Baptist  Church,  Chicago, 
lM^-74,  when  he  returned  to  Brooklyn  as  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  with  which  his  former 
church,  the  Pierrepont  Street  Baptist  Church,  had 
united.  He  remained  there  until  1888,  and  then 
became  professor  of  church  history  at  the  Newton 
(Mass.)  Theological  Institution.  In  1905  he  re- 
tired with  the  title  of  professor  emeritus.  Dr. 
Thomas  was  a  natural  orator,  and  a  preacher  of 
unusual  power.  A  conservative  in  theology,  with 
flawless  logic  he  was  picturesque  in  style,  passion- 
ately in  earnest  and  winsome  in  personality.  He 
was  a  great  teacher  and  was  an  inspiration  to  his 
students.  Despite  his  belief  that  error  was  deeply 
entrenched  and  growing  apace,  he  was  far  removed 
from  pessimism,  and  his  courageous  defence  of 
what  he  regarded  as  the  truth  was  the  more  ef- 
fective because  he  believed  deeply  in  the  ultimate 
triumph  of  the  truth.  He  was  the  author  of:  "The 


Old  Bible  and  the  New  Science"  (1877);  "The 
Mould  of  Doctrine"  (1883);  "Significance  of  the 
Historical  Element  in  Scripture"  (1895);  "Some 
Parables  of  Nature"  (1911);  and  "The  Church 
and  Kingdom — a  New  Testament  Study"  (1914). 
He  received  the  degrees  of  D.D.  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  in  1866,  and  LL.D.  from  George- 
town College  in  1898.  He  was  married,  May  30, 
1855,  to  Abbie  Anne,  daughter  of  Dr.  Timothy 
Eastman  of  Ottawa  county,  Mich.,  and  had  five 
sons  and  three  daughters.  Four  died  in  childhood 
and  the  surviving  were  Jesse  E.,  wife  of  Merwin 
E.  Leslie  of  Newark,  N.  J.;  Rev.  Leo  B.  Thomas, 
a  Baptist  minister;  Medora  C.,  wifa  of  Ernest  S. 
Harrington  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  Rev.  Raphael 
I'.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  also  of  the  Baptist  church.  Dr. 
Thomns  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  June  6,  1915. 

HOLI/ISTER,  Seymour  Walter,  soldier,  lum- 
berman and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Racine,  Wis., 
Aug.  17,  1845,  son  of  Asa  and  Sarah  M.  (Toombs) 
Hollister,  and  grandson  of  Ephraim  Hollister  and 
his  wife  Susannah.  Asa  Hollister,  father  of  Sey- 
mour W.  Hollister,  anil  a  native  of  New  York,  be- 
came a  Wisconsin  pioneer  in  1843,  five  years  prior 
to  the  admission  of  the  territory  to  statehood, 
making  Oshkosh  his  permanent  home  in  1845.  A 
man  of  energy,  enterprise  and  mature  business 
judgment,  he.  became  prominently  and  successful- 
ly identified  with  milling  and  logging  operations. 
Seymour  W.  Hollister  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Oshkosh,  and  in  1S64,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  enlisted  for  the  civil  war  in  the  3d 
regiment,  Wisconsin  volunteer  cavalry,  with  which 
he  continued  in  active  service  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  As  a  boy  he  had  gained  practical  ex- 
perience in  connection  with  pioneer  lumbering,  and 
after  the  war  became  associated  with  his  brother, 
William  W.,  in  logging  operations,  and  in  1868 
established  himself  independently  as  a  lumberman. 
His  operations  became  quite  extensive  and  in  1882 
he  was  an  organizer  of  the  firm  of  Hollister,  Amos 
&  Co.,  which  purchased  a  saw  mill  at  Oshkosh. 
The  new  firm  built  up  a  prosperous  business  which 
is  still  continued  under  the  original  title,  although 
he  subsequently  became  sole  owner,  operating  one 
of  the  four  surviving  saw  mills  of  Oshkosh,  once 
a  center  of  milling  activity  second  to  none  in  that 
section.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  R.  McMillen  &•  Co.,  manu- 
facturers of  lumber,  sash,  doors  and  blinds,  Osh- 
kosh. In  1SS8  he  formed  the  firm  of  Hollister, 
Jewell  &  Co.,  in  which  his  principal  associate  was 
Philetous  Sawyer,  former  member  of  the  U.  S. 
senate.  This  company  purchased  a  tract  of  90,000 
acres  of  timber  land  in  Ontario,  and  erected  a 
double-band  sawmill  at  Garden  river,  or  Ketek- 
aunee-Seebe,  on  the  St.  Mary's  river,  near  Sault 
Ste.  Marie.  The  average  annual  output  of  this 
mill,  until  destroyed  by  fire  in  1893,  was  20,000,000 
feet.  He  was  a  founder  and  vice-president  of  the 
Choate-Hollister  Furniture  Co.,  Oshkosh,  and  was 
piv-ident  and  general  manager  of  the  Keshena 
Improvement  Co.,  and  the  Wolf  River  Boom  Co., 
and  a  director  in  the  Old  National  Bank,  Oshkosh 
Tool  Manufacturing  Co.,  Winnebago  Traction  Co., 
R.  McMillan  Co.,  and  in  various  other  commercial, 
industrial  and  financial  concerns  of  his  adopted 
city.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  staffs,  with 
rank  of  colonel,  of  Govs.  tlpham  and  Schofield,  and 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, Masonic  fraternity,  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks  and  of  the  Order  of  Hoo 
Hoos,  the  social  organization  of  the  lumbermen. 
He  found  his  chief  diversions  in  out-door  sports. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 


MM-    NATION  A]    ("YCI.1  IPFPT  A  <  >l    A  M  K  KI  C  "A  \    III'  n  .:;  \  1  1 1  \ 


*f 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


75 


party.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  Nov.  7,  1S68. 
to  Katie  G.  Smith,  of  Oshkosh;  she  died  in  IVH. 
He  was  married  (2)  Nov.  26,  1897,  to  Lottie  Irene, 
daughter  of  Chas.  W.  Loomis,  of  Burlington,  Wis. 
There  are  three  surviving  children  by  the  first 
union:  Raymond  A.,  a  lawyer,  of  Oshkosli ;  Wini- 
fred S.,  wife  of  William  Bouck,  Oshkosh;  and 
Carl  W.,  lumberman;  also  one  child  by  the  second 
union :  Edith  Loomis  Hollister.  He  died  in  Osh- 
kosh, Wis.,  Feb.  HI,  1916. 

BURWELL,  Benjamin  Franklin,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Armstrong  county,  Pa.,  Apr.  15,  1866,  son 
of  Joseph  Yarenton  and  Maxia  (Lanham)  Bur- 
well.  After  a  public  school  education  in  Penn- 
sylvania, he  studied  law  in  West  Virginia,  and 
Kansas,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Kansas  bar  in 
1890.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Gypsum  City,  Kan.,  acting  also  as  city  clerk 
during  1890-91.  Removing  to  Oklahoma  City, 
Okla.,  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Angelo 
C.  Scott.  He  became  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
the  Indians  and  his  attention  to  the  condition  and 
treatment  of  the  different  tribes  led  to  his  ap- 
pointment as  associate  justice  of  the  territorial 
supreme  court,  in  1898,  by  Pres.  McKinley.  At 
that  time  there  were  five  judicial  districts,  and  he 
represented  the  3d,  which  embraced  Oklahoma, 
Cleveland,  Greer  and  Pottawattomi  counties.  No 
case  decided  by  the  territorial  supreme  court  with 
him  sitting  was  ever  reversed  by  the  U.  S.  supreme 
court.  The  territorial  court  reversed  but  two  of 
his  cases,  a  remarkable  record  considering  the 
many  complications  which  arose  during  those 
stormy  days.  The  coming  of  statehood  caused  the 
territorial  court  to  be  abolished,  and  in  1907  Judge 
Burwell  resumed  his  law  practice,  forming  a  part- 
nership with  Charles  Edward  Johnson  and  Albert 
P.  Crockett.  The  firm  of  Burwell,  Crockett  & 
Johnson  was  one  of  the  strongest  legal  combina- 
tions in  the  state  and  enjoyed  an  extensive  and 
profitable  practice.  Judge  Burwell 's  political  af- 
filiation was  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
a  communicant  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  and 
prominent  in  the  work  of  the  Men's  Brotherhood, 
and  the  Sunday  school,  and  he  was  a  teacher  of  the 
men 's  Bible  class.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  Oklahoma  County  Bar 
Association,  Oklahoma  City  Bar  Association,  Okla- 
homa City  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Men 's  Dinner 
Club,  ami  he  was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  Judge 
Burwell  was  a  natural  born  lawyer,  having  a  fine 
analytical  mind,  and  as  judge  his  decisions  ranked 
with  those  of  the  justice  of  the  appellate  courts 
of  any  state  in  the  union.  Members  of  the  bar 
regarded  him  as  one  of  the  leading  jurists  of  the 
entire  southwest.  Personally  he  was  a  man  of 
splendid  character  and  high  ideals.  He  had  a 
simplicity  of  manner,  and  a  charm  of  personality 
that  was  irresistible.  He  was  a  delightful  com- 
panion always,  and  ever  the  true  gentleman.  He 
was  married  Dec.  2o,  1888,  to  Agnes  Jane,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Carnahan,  a  contractor  of  Hope,  Kan., 
she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Keene  Burwell 
(1898),  Kansas  University,  '19.  He  died  at  Okla- 
homa City,  Okla.,  Apr.  2,  1916. 

MILLER,  Andreas  Mitchell,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Denmark,  July  16,  1838,  son  of  Johan 
and  Maren  (Ingersloc)  Miiller,  and  a  scion  of  the 
younger  branch  of  the  old  royal  family  of  taat 
country.  His  father,  a  wealthy  East  India  mer- 
chant trader,  was  the  sou  of  Peder  Erasmus 
Miiller,  Lutheran  bishop  of  Zealand,  a  Danish 
theologian' and  archaeologist,  a  member  of  the 
committee  appointed  to  revise  the  constitution  of 
Denmark,  and  the  author  of  the  ' '  Library  of  the 


Sagas,"  He  came  to  America  when  a  lad  of 
twenty  to  seek  his  fortune.  He  lauded  in  New 
Y'ork  city  ignorant  of  the  language  and  customs 
ami  of  all  varieties  of  labor,  entirely  unprepared 
to  meet  the  obstacles  that  were  to  be  encountered 
in  the  new  country.  After  his  funds  were  ex- 
hausted, too  proud  to  send  home  for  assistance,  he 
hired  to  a  man  from  Ontario  to  split  shingles  in 
the  Canadian  woods,  and  remained  there  until 
1861,  when  he  became  division  roadmaster  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  with 
headquarters  at  Prairie  du  Chieu,  WN.  Later  he 
became  division  superintendent  on  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  with  headquarters  at  Ogden,  Utah. 
In  1870  he  settled  at  Duluth,  Minn.,  where  he  be- 
came a  dominant  factor  in  railway  building,  lum- 
ber and  finance,  playing  a  leading  part  in  the  in- 
dustrial development  of  St.  Louis  county.  He  was 
identified  with  the  building  of  the  Lake  Superior 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  the  first  line  between  the 
Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi  river.  He  ob- 
tained possession  of  timber  lands,  built  a  saw 
mill  at  Thomson,  and  embarked  on  a  successful 
career  as  a  lumber  merchant.  He  purchased  the 
Savoy  mine  and  others  on  the  Yermillion  range; 
built  the  Lyceum  building  in  Duluth,  at  a  cost  of 
half  a  million  dollars,  and  was  one  of  the  owners 
of  the  Savoy  Hotel,  New  York  city.  He  retired 
from  active  business  in.  1890.  Mr.  Miller  was  a 
man  of  unimpeachable  integrity  and  an  uncom- 
promising friend  of  his  adopted  country.  He  was 
typical  of  his  day  and  generation,  a  gentleman 
in  all  things,  brave,  truthful,  kindly,  generous, 
hating  sham,  despising  hypocrisy  and  judging  all 
men  by  his  standard  of  manhood  regardless  of 
accidental  fortune.  To  those  whom  he  honored 
by  his  friendship  he  was  always  loyal;  to  all 
courteous  and  gentle.  Much  could  be  written  of 
his  unostentatious  charities.  His  sympathy  was 
shown  in  kindly  thoughts  and  worthy  deeds,  no 
man  being  ever  more  free  from  selfishness.  He 
possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty,  and  formerly 
had  played  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  business 
and  municipal  life  of  Duluth.  He  was  widely 
known  to  government  officials  who  were  so  im- 
pressed by  his  honesty  and  fair  dealings  that, 
often  orders  were  placed  with  him  without  the 
necessity  of  requisitioning  bids,  for  the  officials 
knew  that  they  would  be  given  the  lowest  market 
price  and  that  they  would  receive  everything  they 
paid  for.  Thus  he  came  to  ship  lumber  to  the 
government  throughout  the  entire  western  country. 
His  name  and  memory  will  long  be  revered  in 
Duluth,  to  which  city  he  gave  $600,000  for  the 
founding  of  a  free  hospital;  he  also  contributed 
generously  to  the  support  of  the  Home  for  Aged 
Scandinavians,  the  Children's  Home,  and  numer- 
ous other  charities.  He  was  married  at  Prairie 
du  Chein,  Wis.,  Jan.  4,  1870  to  Auneliza,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Spragins,  a  miner  and  planter  of  Vir- 
ginia; she  survives  him,  with  one  daughter:  Maren 
Louise,  wife  of  Edgar  John  Fellows,  of  New 
Y'ork.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  May  22,  1917. 

MILLER,  Athol  Morton,  civil  and  mining 
engineer,  was  born  in  Duluth,  Minn.,  July  24, 
1S74,  son  of  Andreas  Mitchell  Miller,  above.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  at  the  Reunselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  graduated  as  a  civil 
and  mining  engineer  in  1895.  His  initial  business 
venture  was  ir.  the  packing  industry,  which  he 
soon  abandoned  to  engage  in  locating  and  de- 
veloping iron  mines.  For  two  years  he  was  man- 
ager of  the  Ohio  mine  at  Virginia,  Minn.,  the  Mis- 
sabe  Range.  His  mining  career  was  remarkably 


76 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


successful  and  in  a  few  years  he  amassed  a  large 
fortune.  He  made  a  donation  of  $200,000  to  his 
alma  mater.  Mr. .  Miller  was  a  man  of  fine  phys- 
ique, a  typical  Norseman,  possessed  of  great  per- 
sonal magnetism,  and  was  the  soul  of  honor,  whnse 
word  was  his  bond.  The  simplicity  and  genuine- 
ness of  a  character  at  once  kindly,  sincere, 
thoughtful  and  generous,  were  written  upon  his 
countenance,  so  that  all  who  knew  him  admired 
and  lovt-d  him.  He  died  at  the  full  tide  of  life 
and  prosperity,  but  his  memory  will  long  survive. 
He  was  married  Dec.  9,  1903,  to  Helen,  daughter  of 
George  Spencer,  and  had  one  daughter,  Atheline 
Morton  Miller.  He  died  in  Duluth,  Minn.,  Feb. 
16,  1912. 

McCOMB,  Samuel  Deems,  marine  underwriter, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  July  10,  1879,  sou 
of  James  and  Jane  Parker  (Brauagau)  Mct'omli. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Flurry  Bridge,  Ireland, 
came  to  this  country  in  1857  and  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  was  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers of  the  New  York  Produce  Exchange  and  for 
many  years  was  interested  in  the  shipping  busi- 
ness; his  mother  also  was  a  native  of  the  North 
of  Ireland.  He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  Chapel 
School  and  enrolled  in  the  engineering  depart- 
ment of  New  York  University,  'but  soon  afterward 
left  the  last-named  institution  and  entered  Webb  's 
Academy,  where  he  was  graduated  as  a  naval 
architect  and  marine  engineer  in  1901.  That  same 
year  lie  was  employed  in  the  drafting  room  of  the 
Townsend  &  Downey  Shipbuilding  Co.,  Shooter 's 
Island,  N.  Y.,  and  spent  there  a  number  of  years, 
being  assigned  for  a  time  to  outside  work.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  estimat- 
ing department,  and  these  various  positions  af- 
forded him  excellent  advantages  in  learning  the  de- 
tails of  the  business.  In  1905  he  accepted  a  more 
responsible  post  with  the  firm  of  Gary,  Smith  & 
Ferris,  naval  architects,  and  thus  he  was  brought 
into  contact  with  new  phases  of  the  shipbuilding 
industry.  Two  years  later  he  took  charge  of  sur- 
veys for  the  Charles  M.  Hall  Co.,  underwriters, 
and  he  quickly  evinced  a  special  capacity  for  the 
business  that  resulted  in  his  transfer  into  the  un- 
derwriting department.  In  1911  he  became  man- 
ager of  the  Vessel  Agency,-  organized  by  a  group 
of  fire  insurance  companies  for  the  purpose  of 
underwriting  ships,  and  so  "continued  until  1916, 
when  lie  dci'idcd  to  establish  a  business  on  his  own 
arc-ount  as  a  writer  of  'marine  risks,  meeting  with 
an  early  success.  In  a  few  months  his  agency  had 
become  one  of  the  recognized  organizations  in  its 
particular  field.  His  firm  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  development  of  American  foreign  trade 
and  through  its  underwriting  facilities  has  en- 
deavored to  assist  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  Ameri- 
can merchant  marine.  He  is  now  (1921)  presi- 
dent of  S.  D.  McComb  &  Co.,  organized  to  act 
as  the  manager  of  the  marine  departments  of  sev- 
eral insurance  companies  which  had  previously  done 
only  a  fire  insurance  business,  among  them  the 
American  Insurance  Co.  of  Newark,  N.  J . ;  Fire- 
man's  Insurance  Co.  of  Newark,  N.  J. ;  Glens  Falls 
Insurance  Co.  of  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  and  the 
Hanover  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  New  York.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  New  York  University  Alumni  As- 
sociation, Webb  Academy  Alumni  Association, 
Delta  Upsilou  college  fraternity,  Society  of  Naval 
Architects  and  Marine  Engineers,  Marine  Insur- 
ance Club,  New  York  Beaver  Club,  Whitehall  Club, 
and  Maritime  Association  of  the  Port  of  NY\v 
York.  He  was  married,  Mar.  23,  1911,  to  Nina 
Rose,  daughter  of  Will  M.  Clemens,  author,  of 
New  York  city;  Mrs.  McComb  died  in  October, 


1917,  leaving  four  children:  Thomas  Jefferson, 
Richard  Sheldon,  Nina  Marion,  and  Samuel  Deems 
McComb,  .Ir. 

WHITE,  Chester  Field,  lumberman  and' 
banker,  was  born  at  Stoughton,  Mass.,  Mar.  2s, 
1852,  son  of  Emery  and  Hannah  (Savage)  White. 
His  father,  a  shoe  merchant  in  Boston,  removed  to 
Eureka,  Cal.,  in  1859.  The  son  was  educated  in 
public  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  his 
wage-earning  career  with  a  logging  company  near 
Centralia,  Wash.  Ter.,  afterward  going  to  Keokuk, 
la.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  with 
an  uncle,  upon  whose  death,  in  1876,  he  became 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  a  sawmill  at  Moutrose, 
la.,  under  the  linn  name  of  Healey,  Felt  &  White. 
This  plant  was  operated  successfully  until  1SM, 
when  the  company  decided  to  enter  the  logging 
business  at  Shelton,  Wash.  Ter.,  and  he  became  the 
first  postmaster  of  that  town.  In  1887,  finding  a 
poor  market  for  its  logs,  the  company  decided  to 
build  a  sawmill  at  Tacoma.  He  opposed  this,  but 
his  partners  outvoted  him  and  decided  upon  a  ven- 
ture which  failed,  in  1889.  The  mill,  built  by  the 
Pacific  Mill  Co.,  organized  for  that  purpose,  and 
of  which  he  was  president,  was  to  cost  $75,000,  but 
the  total  investment,  when  completed,  was  $225,- 
000.  After  the  failure  he  was  engaged  with  a 
mill  company  at  what  is  now  Bellingham,  Wash., 
and  later  for  a  brief  period  was  jobbing  lumber  at 
Tacoma.  In  1891  he  assumed  the  active  manage- 
ment of  the  Grays  Harbor  Commercial  Co.,  Cos- 
mopolis,  which  he  built  up  and  made  an  important 
t'.'K  t.ir  in  the  lumber  industry  of  the  Pacific  coast. 
With  this  firm  he  continued  until  1910,  but  in 
1906  he  changed  his  residence  to  Seattle.  While  at 
Cosmopolis  he  bought  heavily  of  standing  timber, 
laying  the  foundation  of  a  goodly  fortune.  He 
organized  the  Metropolitan  Building  Co.,  which 
became  the  greatest  building  factor  in  the  city,  and 
which  took  over  a  fifty-year  lease  of  the  university 
grounds  from  the  University  of  Washington.  At 
that  time  none  of  the  present  buildings  was  upon 
the  tract  save  one.  He  was  active  in  promoting 
the  corporation  and  it  was  in  recognition  of  this 
fact  that  the  first  permanent  building  erected  was 
named  the  White  Building  in  his  honor,  and  his 
success  was  to  be  seen  in  the  Henry,  Cobb  and 
other  important  buildings.  Impaired  health  ne- 
cessitated his  retirement  from  active  business  cares 
in  1912,  but  he  continued  as  one  of  the  chief  own- 
ers of  the  company  until  his  death.  In  1909  he 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Metropolitan 
Bank  and  was  a  former  vice-president  of  that  in- 
stitution, and  was  for  years  a  director  in  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Commerce.  An  active  worker  in 
Republican  politics,  he  was  a  presidential  elector 
from  Washington  in  1892.  He  was  first  president 
of  the  Seattle  Commercial  Club,  and  member  also 
of  the  Rainier,  Arctic,  and  Seattle  Golf  clubs, 
Seattle,  and  the  Seattle  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
When,  in  1908,  the  transcontinental  railroad  lines 
imposed  a  25  per  cent,  raise  on  freight  rates  on 
eastbound  lumber,  the  lumbermen  of  the  Pacific 
coast  resisted  this  advance.  As  chairman  of  the 
joint  committee  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Lumber  Manu- 
facturers' Association,  Oregon  and  Washington 
Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  Western 
Oregon  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  he 
headed  the  fight  which  the  lumbermen  at  that 
time  made.  The  contest  was  a  long  and  arduous 
one,  but  it  resulted  in  a  substantial  victory  for  the 
lumbermen.  He  continued  tirelessly  and  capably 
the  prescribed  work  as  chairman,  displayed  great 
skill  and  diplomacy,  and  worked  consistently  with 
his  immediate  associates  and  the  cooperating  asso- 


ERICAN    BKujKAI'HY 


THE  NATIONAL  CYCLOPEDIA  Of  AMERICAN   BIOGRAPHY 


\&+&+C^*J 


7 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


77 


ciations  and  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  courts 
and  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  appro- 
priate testimony  which  convinced  the  latter  body 
of  the  wisdom  of  the  course  advocated  by  the  af- 
filiated lumbermen.  He  was  a  man  of  lively  dis- 
position, amiable  and  of  great  personal  magnetism, 
and  for  years  was  one  of  the  foremost  figures  in 
the  lumber  industry  on  the  Pacific  coast.  A  born 
executive,  he  knew  the  value  of  organization.  He 
was  a  lover  and  a  rare  judge  of  horses,  and  until 
the  coming  of  the  automobile  he  was  never  with- 
out one  or  more.  He  was  married  at  Keokuk,  la., 
Jan.  10,  1883,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  William  Hol- 
liday,  a  widely  known  Mississippi  river  pilot  of  his 
day,  and  member  of  a  family  celebrated  in  the 
express  history  of  the  West;  there  is  one  child  of 
this  union,  Marguerite,  wife  of  Henry  C.  Field,  of 
Seattle.  He  died  at  his  home  in  The  Highlands, 
Seattle/Apr.  27,  1917. 

DAYTON,  Alston.  Gordon,  lawyer  and  con- 
gressman, was  born  at  Philippi,  Va.,  now  West 
Virginia,  Oct.  18,  1S57,  son  of  Spencer  ami  Sarah 
(Bush)  Dayton,  and  a  descendant  of  Ralph  Day- 
ton, of  Bedfordshire,  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  and  settled  in  Massachusetts  in  the  1630  's, 
and  was  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  in  1638.  He  subsequently  removed  to  South- 
ampton, L.  I.,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
East  Hampton,  L.  I.  From  him  the  line  descends 
through  his  son,  Samuel  and  his  wife  Wilhelmina; 
their  son  Isaac,  and  the  latter 's  wife  Rebecca 
Tuttle;  their  son  Isaac,  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Tod;  their  son  Michael,  a  captain  of  militia  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife  Mehitable 
Doolittle;  their  son  Justus,  also  a  captain  in  the 
revolutionary  army,  and  his  wife  Hannah  Titus; 
and  their  son  Henry,  and  his  wife  Lavinia  Culver, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alston  G.  Dayton. 
On  the  maternal  side  he  is  descended  from  Thomas 
Dewey,  of  Sandwich,  Kent,  who  settled  in  Dor- 
chester, Mass.,  in  1633.  Spencer  Dayton,  father 
of  our  subject,  was  a  Virginia  lawyer,  and  during 
the  civil  war  took  a  prominent  position  as  a 
Unionist  in  the  border  land  of  Virginia,  being  a 
strong  Union  man  in  a  Southern  sympathizing 
community.  With  others  he  was  instrumental  in 
having  Virginia  divided  and  the  western  portion 
of  it  established  as  a  new  state.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  both  Wheeling  conventions  called  in  I860 
for  the  purpose  of  restoring  the  loyal  government 
of  Virginia,  and  which  adopted  plans  whereby  the 
state  of  West  Virginia  was  formed.  By  reason  of 
his  stand  for  the  Union  he  lost  a  very  considerable 
proportion  of  his  property.  He  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Philippi,  W.  Va.,  after 
the  war,  and  in  1869  was  elected  state  senator. 
At  various  times  he  was  elected  and  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Barbour  and  adjoining 
counties  and  was  universally  recognized  as  one  of 
the  ablest  lawyers  in  the  state  of  West  Virginia. 
Alston  G.  Dayton  was  graduated  A.B.  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  West  Virginia  in  1878,  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.M.  in  cursu,  in  1880.  During  three 
years  before  his  graduation  from  college,  he 
studied  law  during  vacations  in  his  father  's  office, 
and  upon  his  graduation  renewed  his  law  studies 
with  so  much  energy  that  he  was  enabled  to  pass 
an  examination  for  admission  to  the  bar,  on  his 
twenty-first  birthday.  He  immediately  entered 
into  partnership  with  his  father  at  Philippi,  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  Dayton  &  Dayton,  which  con- 
tinued until  his  father's  death  in' 1903.  In  1880 
he  was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney  of  Upshur 
county,  W.  Va.,  and  was  elected  for  a  four  years' 
term  as  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  home  county 


of  Barbour  in  1884.  He  was  elected  to  Congress 
from  the  second  congressional  district  of  West  Vir- 
ginia in  1894,  defeating  W.  L.  Wilson,  author  of 
the  Wilson  tariff  bill,  and  served  in  the  54th,  55th, 
56th,  57th  and  58th  congresses,  and  was  elected  to 
the  59th  congress,  but  resigned  March  14,  1905, 
to  accept  a  judgeship,  having  been  nominated  by 
Pres.  Roosevelt  U.  S.  district  judge  for  the  north- 
ern district  of  West  Virginia,  the  judgeship  hav- 
ing been  made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Judge 
J.  J.  Jackson,  Mar.  7,  1905,  and  confirmed  and 
commissioned  seven  days  thereafter;  this  office  he 
still  (1920)  occupies.  As  a  lawyer  Judge  Dayton 
has  had  much  experience  in  important  litigation  in 
his  state,  and  his  practice  was  very  extensive  in 
the  state  and  federal  courts  in  the  counties  of 
Barbour,  Randolph,  Tucker  and  Upshur.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Philippi  and  served  on  its  board  of  directors 
until  appointed  judge;  he  was  also  a  director  of 
the  Tygart  's  Valley  Bank  for  more  than  fifteen 
years.  He  was  interested  in  several  coal,  oil,  and 
gas  companies,  but  he  disposed  of  all  these  busi- 
ness interests  shortly  after  his  appointment  to  the 
judgeship.  He  is  now  interested  in  three  orchard 
companies,  the  growing  of  fruit  being  to  him  a 
very  interesting  study.  As  a  lawyer  he  had  a  wide 
practice  throughout  the  state,  being  unusually  suc- 
cessful. As  a  judge  he  has  had  to  solve  many  dif- 
ficult problems  growing  out  of  the  rapid  industrial 
development  of  his  district.  By  designation  of  the 
Chief  Justice  he  has  served  a  number  of  terms  in 
Pittsburgh  and  New  York,  and  has  served  on  the 
circuit  court  of  appeals  at  Richmond,  Va.,  one 
term  each  year  since  his  judicial  appointment.  In 
congress  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  committee 
on  naval  affairs,  and  was  a  persistent  advocate  of 
a  strong  navy.  He  believed  in  the  battleship,  and 
during  his  term  the  number  of  those  vessels  in  our 
navy  increased  from  three  to  more  than  twenty, 
and  our  naval  tonnage  grew  to  be  as  large  as  that 
of  any  other  power,  excepting  that  of  Britain.  He 
gave  much  time  to  the  study  of  naval  affairs,  and 
was  recognized  as  an  authority  on  such  matters, 
becoming  intimately  associated,  in  the  course  of 
this  study,  with  Theodore  Roosevelt.  Judge  Day- 
ton is  a  member  of  the  National  (^"graphical  So- 
ciety, American  Bar  Association,  the  Americus 
Club  (honorary)  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  of  the 
Cheat  Mountain  and  Allegheny  clubs.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order,  Odd  Fellows 
(grand  master  of  West  Virginia,  1903),  and  the 
Knights  of  Pythias.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyte- 
rian, is  an  elder  in  that  church,  has  long  been 
active  in  church,  Sunday  school,  and  temperance 
work  and  has  served  as  moderator  of  the  Tygart 's 
Valley  Presbytery.  His  dominating  personal  char- 
acteristics are  a  strong  will,  earnestness,  capacity 
for  concentration  and  hard  work,  love  of  books 
ami  of  home  life  in  the  country.  He  is  an  omniv- 
orous reader  and  has  a  private  library  of  more 
than  5,000  well  chosen  volumes.  He  was  married 
Nnv.  26,  1884,  to  Columbia  May,  daughter  of 
Arthur  Sinsel,  of  Grafton,  W.  Va.,  for  many  years 
superintendent  of  buildings,  bridges,  etc.,  of  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad;  they  have  one  child,  a 
son,  Arthur  Spencer  Dayton,  a  practicing  attor- 
ney. 

SMITH,  James  Cosslett,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  23V  1857,  son  of  James 
Cosslett  and  Emily  (Ward)  Smith.  His  father 
was  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York 
and  a  delegate  to  the  celebrated  peace  conference 
of  1S61.  The  son  was  educated  at  Canandaigua 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  with  honors  at  Ho- 


78  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

bart  College  in  1878.  He  was  graduated  LL.B.  Power  Co.,  Economy  Power  Co.,  Au  Sable  Elec- 
at  the  Columbia  Law  School  in  1880,  was  admitted  trie  Co.,  Flint  Electric  Co.,  Consumers  Power 
to  the  bar  in  the  same  year,  and  began  the  prac-  Co.  of  Michigan,  Pontiac  Power  Co.,  Manistee 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  as  an  Power  and  Light  Co.,  Cadillac  Water  and  Light 
associate  in  the  law  offices  of  Miller,  Bissell  &  Co.,  Battle  Creek  Heating  and  Lighting  Co.  and 
Sibley.  His  law  firm  subsequently  was  Miller,  the  Central  Power  Co.  Following  this  period  of 
Smith  &  Paddock,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  organization  was  one  of  construction  of  hydro- 
was  Miller,  Smith,  Canfield,  Paddock  &  Perry,  electric  generating  stations  on  the  Au  Sable 
From  1892  he  was  a  member  of  the  vestry  of  river  near  Oscoda,  Mich.,  viz.:  the  Cooke  hydro- 
Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  he' was  electric  plant  (1911),  the  Five  Channels  hyrlro- 
the  first  chancellor  of  the  diocese  of  Michigan,  electric  plant  (1912)  and  the  Loud  hydro-elec- 
having  been  appointed  by  Bishop  Thomas  F.  trie  plant  (1913),  completing  a  system  that  had 
Davis  in  1904.  He  was  a  member  of  various  bar  grown  from  tlie  small  beginning  "at  Jackson  in 
associations  and  other  legal  organizations,  of  the  1886  to  a  great  network  covering  the  major  por- 
Sons  of  the  American  Eevolution,  Sigma  Phi  fra-  tion  of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Michigan,  outside 
ternity,  and  of  the  University,  Detroit,  Detroit  of  Detroit,  and  furnishing  electrical  energy  for 
Athletic,  Detroit  Boat,  Detroit  Country,  Yondo-  street  and  commercial  lighting,  power  and  the 
tega,  and  Witenagemote  clubs,  Detroit,  also  of  the  operation  of  city  and  mterurban  railway  sys- 
Church  Club  of  Michigan.  His  political  affilia-  terns.  The  long-distance  transmission  lines  for 
tion  was  with  the  Republican  party.  He  had  a  these  generating  stations  again  carried  the  high- 
fine  understanding  of  human  nature,  and  believed  est  voltage  in  the  world.  Mr.  Foote  was  essen- 
in  his  fellow  man,  receiving  in  return  the  confi-  tially  a  creator,  and  by  converting  the  energy 
deuce  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  of  idle  streams  in  Michigan  into  electrical  en- 
married  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  April  12,  1888,  to  Vir-  ergy  and  delivering  it  to  the  point  of  consump- 
ginia,  daughter  of  Thomas  Ferguson,  of  Detroit ;  tion,  he  contributed  very  materially  to  the  prog- 
she  survived  him.  He  died  without  issue  in  De-  ress  °f  civilization  and  the  wealth  of  his  state, 
troit,  Mich.,  Sept.  7,  1917.  During  the  years  of  this  activity  many  prob- 
FOOTE,  William  Augustine,  financier,  was  lems  na(i  to  be  worked  out,  such  as  constructing 
born  in  Adrian,  Mich.,  June  9,  1854,  son  of  steam-generating  plants  as  auxiliaries  to  hydro- 
Augustus  N.  and  Sarah  (Parks)  Foote.  He  electric  plants,  obtaining  contracts  for  municipal 
received  a  public  school  education,  and  began  lighting-  operating  electric  railways,  proving  to 
his  business  career  by  operating  a  flour  mill  at  manufacturers  that  it  was  to  their  interest  to 
Adrian.  In  this  mill  he  experimented  with  the  substitute  electricity  for  steam  power  and  pro- 
generation  and  transmission  of  electric  power,  viding  capital  to  prosecute  the  work.  He  was  a 
and  as  a  result  installed  the  first  electric  light  man  °f  commanding  personality,  sterling  char- 
system  in  that  locality.  He  began  to  realize  acter,  generous  nature  and  lofty  ideals,  loyal  in 
the  greater  opportunities  in  the  field  of  hydro-  his  friendships  and  upright  in  his  business 
electricity  and  the  possibilities  in  developing  the  transactions,  possessing  an  active,  analytical  and 
latent  water  power  in  Michigan,  and  resolved  logical  mind.  He  was  a  member  of  and  a  lib- 
to  sell  his  flour  mill  and  electric  interests  so  as  cral  contributor  to  the  Methodist  church.  He 
to  devote  all  his  efforts  to  this  new  enterprise.  was  married  Feb.  28,  1878,  to  Ida,  daughter  of 
Removing  to  Jackson,  Mich.,  in  1886,  he  organ-  George  W.  "VVesterman,  of  Adrian,  Mich.,  and 
ized  the  Jackson  Electric  Light  Works,  which  ha|l  four  children,  two  of  whom  survive:  Ethel 
seven  years  later  was  merged  with  the  Edison  F->  ^"fe  of  William  W.  Tefft,  and  Edna  T., 
KliT-trie  Co.  under  the  name  of  the  Jackson  wife  of  Luke  C.  Bootes.  He  died  in  Jackson, 
Light  and  Power  Co.  Following  this  he  organ-  Mich.,  April  1-1,  19 1.1. 

ized    similar   companies   to   furnish    electricity   to  NORTON,    Charles   Willis,    jurist,    was   born 

Battle    Creek    and    Albion,    Mich.      His    purchase  near    Lodi»    San    Joaquin    county,    Cal.,    July    18, 

in  1898  of  the  controlling  interest   in   the  Kala-  1861»  son  °f  Oscar  Orlando  and  Maria  Julia   (El- 

mazoo   Electric   Co.   marked   the   completion   of   a  liott)  Norton.     His  earliest  paternal  American  an- 

chain   of   companies   westward'  to   the   Kalamazoo  cestor  was  Thomas  Norton,  who  came  from  Ockley, 

river.        Ths    was    followed    by    the    construction  county   Surrey,   England,   in   1639   and   settled   at 

of    hydro-electric    plants    near    Allegan     (1901),  Guilford,  Conn.     His  wife  was  Grace  Wells,  and 

(with   a   high  tension   transmission   line   to   Jack-  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 

son),    at    Plainwell     (1902),    at    Otsego     (1903),  their  sou  Thomas  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Mason; 

and   at   Ceresco    (1905),  the   last   three  being  on  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Dinah  Beach;  their 

the    Kalamazoo     river,    and    the    Webber    hydro-  son   Ebenezer   and    his   wife    Elizabeth    Baldwin ; 

electric    plant   near   Lyons,   Mich.,    on   the   Grand  their  son  Miles  and  his  wife  Esther  Morton;  their 

river.      In    1904   all   of  the   companies   controlled  son  Jesse  and  his  wife   Anna   Wright,  and  their 

by   Mr.   Foote   were   consolidated    into    the    Com-  son  Wyllys  W.  Norton  and  his  wife  Phoebe  Greg- 

monwealth     Power     Co.       Meanwhile     the     Grand  ory,   who   were   the   grandparents   of    Charles   W. 

Rapids-Muskegon    Power    Co.,    organized    prinei-  Norton.      Ebenezer   Norton    (IV)    was   colonel   of 

pally    by    Mr.    Foote,    built     the     Rogers     hydro-  militia   in   the   revolutionary  war,   and  a  member 

electric    plant   near    Big    Rapids,    Mich.,    on    the  of  the  general  assembly  of  Connecticut.     He  was 

Muskegon   river    (1905),    and   the   Croton    hydro-  engaged   in  agricultural  pursuits   in   San  Joaquin 

electric     plant     (1906),    transmitting     power     to  County,    Calf.,    until    1896,   when,    having   studied 

Grand   Rapids.      The   transmission    line   when    in-  law   in   Stockton,   Calif.,   -under   the   preceptorship 

stalled  carried  the  highest  voltage  of  any  in  the  of  Judge  Minor,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 

world.      In    1906    Mr.    Foote    added    by    purchase  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Stockton, 

of  this  company  the  power  of  the  Grand   Rapids  He  was  deputy  district  attorney  during  1899-1902; 

Edison    Co.,    and    in    1910    these    properties    and  district   attorney   of   San   Joaquin   county   during 

others    were    consolidated     into     the     Consumers  1902-06,  and  as  superior  court  judge  of  that  county 

Power  Co.,  which  took  over  the  ownership  of  the  during   1906-16,   resigning   in   the   latter  year  be- 

Commonwealth   Power   Co.,    Grand   Rapids-Muske-  cause  of  impaired  health.     As  district  attorney  he 

gon    Power    Co.,    Saginaw    Power    Co.,    Bay    City  prosecuted    the    famous    trunk    murder    mystery, 


—         /?- 

& — rf — £e_ 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


79 


known  as  the  LeDeux  cage.  Aside  from  his  pro- 
fessional activities  he  was  the  founder  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Lodi.  In  his  later  years  he  had 
been  largely  interested  in  grape  culture,  and  owned 
a  model  farm  and  plant  at  Norton  Station,  Calif., 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Norton  &  Angler,  gen- 
eral fruit  shippers.  He  was  a  member  of  the  San 
Joaquin  County  Bar  Association,  California  State 
Bar  Association,  and  American  Bar  Association. 
He  was  a  Mason  and  member  of  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Congregational  church.  His 
chief  decisions  were  in  swamp  land  cases,  con- 
demnation suits,  a  great  variety  of  criminal  cases, 
will  contests  and  damage  actions.  On  the  bench 
he  was  eminently  fair,  painstaking  and  conscien- 
tious. Integrity  and  sobriety  were  his  dominating 
personal  characteristics.  He  was  married  Jan.  1, 
1885,  to  Nellie  P.,  daughter  of  John  F.  Staples, 
a  farmer  of  San  Joaquin  county,  and  left  three 
children:  Oscar  Sargent,  in  TT.  S.  army,  European 
War;  Lillian,  wife  of  Eric  Brandstnd,  and  Sylvia, 
wife  of  Brace  R.  Davis.  He  died  at  Stockton, 
Calif.,  July  11,  1918. 

WALLACE,  Hugh,  manufacturer,  was  born  in 
Dumfries  township,  Gait,  Out.,  Can.,  Oct.  8,  1*62, 
son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Wells)  Wallace,  and 
grandson  of  Hugh  Wallace,  who  came  over  from 
Scotland,  in  1835.  The  subject  was  educated  in 
the  Hamilton  (Ont.)  Collegiate  Institute,  and  at 
twenty  years  of  age  was  employed  as  a  salesman 
for  the  'Gait  Machine  Knife  &  Edge  Tool  Works. 
Five  years  later  he  engaged  in  the  retail  hardware 
business  for  himself,  at  Gait,  and  met  with  a 
unique  success.  Removing  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  in 
1897,  he  began  the  manufacture  of  astrakhan  and 
buffalo  fur  cloths,  which  are  utilized  in  making 
robes,  coats,  mackinaw  jackets,  etc.,  under  the 
name  of  the  Western  Robe  Co.  In  1907  the  business 
was  incorporated  as  the  Hugh  Wallace  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  president  until  1915.  He  then  retired  from 
active  business  cares  and  was  elected  president 
emeritus,  but  he  remained  071  the  advisory  board 
and  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Hugh  Wallace 
Co.,  and  at  his  death  was  the  chief  owner.  Mr. 
Wallace  was  also  a  director  and  vice-president  of 
the  old  Citizens'  Savings  Bank,  which  was  merged 
with  the  Dime  Savings  Bank  hi  1909.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the 
Detroit  Boat,  Detroit  Golf,  Detroit  Athletic  aud 
Ingeside  clubs,  Detroit.  His  political  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Presbyterian  church.  His  dom- 
inating personal  characteristics  were  courage  and 
optimism.  He  was  a  trustworthy  friend,  a  wise 
counsellor,  a  loyal  citizen  and  an  unswervingly 
faithful  official;  a  man  of  large  mind,  sincere 
sympathies,  inborn  courtesy,  and  never  failing 
humor.  He  was  married  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  25, 
1899,  to  Louise,  daughter  of  Edwin  Israel  Arms,  a 
direct  descendent  of  the  Arms  family  of  Deerfield, 
Mass.  She  survived  him  with  two  children:  Edwin 
James  and  Ruth  Louise  Wallace.  Mrs.  Wallace  is 
author  of  "An  American  Child  in  Europe," 
(1914),  a  volume  written  in  the  words  of  her 
young  daughter,  and  giving  the  child 's  impres- 
sions of  each  country  visited  during  a  travel  period 
of  a  year.  Hugh  Wallace  died  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
Mar.  "7,  1917. 

LEFFINGWELL,  Elisha  Dyer,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Aurora,  N.  Y.,  June  1,  1849, 
son  of  Elisha  and  Jane  Elizabeth  (Jackson)  Lef- 
fingwell.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Lieut.  Thomas  Lefliugwell,  who  came  probably 


from  some  parish  in  Norfolk  or  Essex,  England, 
in  the  early  part  of  the  17th  century  and  settled 
in  Connecticut.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Sergt.  Thomas  and  his  wife 
Mary  Bushnell;  their  son  Benjamin  and  his  wife 
Joanna  Christopher;  their  son  Elisha  and  his  wife 
Alice  Tracy,  to  their  son  Dyer  Leffingwell  and  his 
wife  Hannah  Waterman,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Elisha  Dyer  Leffingwell.  His  father,  a 
graduate  of  Dartmouth  College,  was  a  prominent 
physician  of  Montague,  Vt.,  and  Aurora,  N.  Y. 
Elisha  Dyer  Leffingwell  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Aurora;  was  grad 
uated  at  Cornell  University  in  1872  with  the  de- 
gree of  A.B.,  and  at  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New 
York  city,  in  1877  with  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and 
was  valedictorian  of  his  class.  He  then  went 
abroad  for  post-graduate  work  in  the  best  hospitals 
and  universities  of  London,  Paris,  Berlin,  Vienna, 
Heidelberg  and  Leipzig.  Returning  from  abroad 
in  LS83  he  went  into  the  Dansville  (N.  Y.)  Sani- 
tarium, of  which  his  uncle,  Dr.  James  Jackson, 
was  the  head.  Afterwards  the  company  was  re- 
organized and  he  became  president  and  head 
physician.  In  1890,  in  association  with  his  brother, 
William  Leflingwell,  and  his  friend,  Dr.  James 
King,  he  founded  the  Glen  Springs  Sanatorium  at 
Watkins,  N.  Y.  There  was  not  a  prominent  med- 
ical school  in  Europe  that  he  did  not  visit.  He 
brought  into  practice  in  this  country  many  of  the 
approved  therapeutic  methods  of  leading  Conti- 
nental physicians  and  surgeons.  Many  sanative 
devices  now  common  are  so  because  in  his  practice 
at  Dansville  and  Watkins  these  curative  agencies 
were  introduced  liy  him.  He  was  a  member  of 
various  medical  societies,  and  of  the  Fortnightly 
Club,  Oswego.  He  was  a  great  reader,  aud  assimi- 
lated aud  remembered  with  remarkable  accuracy 
whatever  he  read.  He  was  fond  of  walking,  also 
of  the  splendid  team  of  horses  which  he  drove 
both  for  pleasure  and  to  meet  his  professional  en- 
gagements. On  political,  social,  literary  and  finan- 
cial questions,  and  on  the  European  War,  his  judg- 
ment was  remarkably  keen.  Personally,  he  was  a 
handsome  man,  and  good  humor  and  benevolence 
marked  his  countenance.  His  long  experience  as  a 
diagnostician  made  him  a  quick  and  accurate  read- 
er of  men,  and  he  was  rich  in  that  genuine  love  of 
his  fellows  and  that  devotion  to  his  profession 
which  made  complete  a  successful  career.  He  was 
married  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  23,  1893,  to 
Lucy,  daughter  of  DeWitt  Clinton  Littlejohn 
(q.  v.),  seven  times  a  member  of  the  New  York 
legislature,  and  member  of  congress  during  the 
civil  war.  He  died  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  10 
1916. 

SHELBY,  William  Read,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  Lincoln  county,  Ky.,  Dec.  4,  1842,  sou 
of  John  Warren  and  Mary  H.  Knight  Shelby,  and 
a  descendant  of  Evan  Shelby,  who  came  from 
Cameron,  Wales,  about  1730,  and  settled  near 
Hagerstown,  Md. ;  from  him  the  line  is  traced 
through  his  sou  Evan  and  his  wife  Catherine  Cox; 
their  son  Col.  Isaac  aud  his  wife  Susanna  Hart; 
and  their  son  Evan  and  his  wife  Nancy  Warren, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Evan  (2)  was  appointed  brigadier-general 
by  the  state  of  Virginia  in  1779  for  services  ren- 
dered in  Indian  warfare.  Isaac  (3)  was  a  dis- 
tinguished revolutionary  officer  and  the  first  gov- 
ernor of  Kentucky.  William  Read  Shelby  was 
educated  in  the  preparatory  schools  and  at  Centre 
College,  Danville,  Ky.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war  he  left  college  and,  as  a  member  of  the  Ken- 
tucky home  guard,  enrolled  and  recruited  men  for 


80 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


the  Federal  army.  In  1863-65  he  supplied  wood 
to  steamers  on  the  Mississippi  river,  at  Island  No. 
37,  being  protected  by  U.  S.  gun  boats.  From 
then  until  1869  he  was  employed  by  the  Adams 
Express  Co.,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  removing  to  Pitts- 
burgh to  become  secretary  of  the  Continental  Im- 
provement Co.  Among  its  first  undertakings  was 
the  contract  to  build  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
railroad  in  Michigan  and  Indiana.  Mr.  Shelby 
took  charge  of  a  branch  office  at  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  in  1871,  having  in  the  yeai  previous  been 
elected  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  <St  Indiana  and  the  Michigan  &  Lake  Shore 
Railroad  companies.  During  1876-97,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  wheat  raising  on  the  10,000-acre  Cass- 
Cheney  farm  in  North  Dakota,  which  yielded  the 
first  spring  wheat  in  that  state.  On  Jan.  1,  1887, 
he  was  made  first  vice-president  of  the  former  com- 
pany, retaining  the  positions  of  treasurer  and  pur- 
chasing agent.  In  June,  1896,  the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana  Railroad  Co.  was  sold  out  under  fore- 
closure proceedings;  a  new  company,  with  the 
same  name  was  organized,  and  Mr.  Shelby  was 
elected  vice-president,  treasurer  and  purchasing 
agent.  In  1870-73  he  held  also  the  office  of  sec- 
retary and  treasurer  of  the  Southern  Railway  Se- 
curity Co.  On  Oct.  16,  1899,  he  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  Muskegon,  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad  -Co.,  a--d  president  of  the  Big  Rapids  & 
Western  Railroad  Co;  and  Oct.  24,  1899,  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  & 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad  Co.  In  1813,  after  forty- 
six  years  of  service,  he  retired  under  the  pension 
rule  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  later  known  as  the  Old  National  Bank,  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  various 
manufacturing  and  mercantile  concerns;  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  former  chair- 
man of  its  committee  on  grounds.  During  1888—93 
he  was  a  member  and  part  of  the  time  president 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Works.  Mr.  Shelby  is  a 
Democrat,  and  it  was  on  his  motion  in  the  sound 
money  conference  in  Chicago,  that  the  Indianapolis 
convention  was  held  in  1896,  causing  the  defeat  of 
the  Chicago  platform  and  William  J.  Bryan.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  sound  money  Democratic  or- 
ganization in  Michigan,  which  conducted  so  vigo- 
rous a  campaign  against  free  coinage.  His  clubs 
are:  Peninsula  (president,  1896-1898);  Lake 
Side  (president  for  several  years)  ;  Owashtonong 
and  Kent  Country.  His  favorite  diversions  are 
bird  hunting  and  trout  fishing.  He  was  married 
at  Sewickley,  Pa.,  June  16,  1869,  to  Mary  K., 
daughter  of  Gen.  George  W.  Cass,  president  of  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  railroad  and 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad ;  their  surviving 
children  are:  Cass  Knight,  Charles  Littleton, 
Ellen  Dawson,  wife  of  R.  B.  Tunnecliffe,  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.;  George  Cass  and  Yiolette  Shelby, 
wife  of  E.  H.  Passnore,  Chicago,  111.  (Portrait 
opposite  page  81). 

CARSON,  John  Avery  Gere,  factor,  merchant 
and  banker,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mil.,  Feb.  19, 
1856,  son  of  Carvill  Hynson  and  Sarah  Frances 
(Gere)  Carson.  His  father  was  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  in  Baltimore  up  to  1870,  when  he 
removed  to  Savannah  with  his  family.  For  years 
he  held  an  official  position  with  the  Central  of 
Georgia  Railway.  John  A.  G.  Carson  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Baltimore  and 
at  the  Pennsylvania  State  Normal  School,  Lycom- 
ing  county.  He  began  his  business  career  in  1874 
at  Savannah  as  clerk  for  S.  G.  Hayues  &  Brother, 
grain  and  provision  dealers.  In  1884  he  became  as- 


sociated as  a  factor  in  the  cotton  and  naval  stores 
business  with  Jesse  P.  Williams,  and  for  years  was 
manager  and  first  vice-president  of  the  J.  P.  Wil- 
liams Co.,  Savannah,  Ga.  Since  1910  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Carson  Naval  Stores  Co.,  factors 
and  wholesale  grocers,  Savannah,  with  a  branch  in 
Jacksonville,  Fla.  Also,  from  1900  to  1910  he  was 
president  of  the  Merchants  National  Bank  of 
Savannah.  He  is  officer  or  director  in  various 
other  commercial,  industrial  or  financial  institu- 
tions. Prominent  in  civic  and  municipal  affairs 
and  active  in  politics,  he  served  as  an  alderman  of 
Savannah,  during  1889-93,  and  as  commissioner  of 
Chatham  county,  during  1893-97.  He  was  a  lieuten- 
ant in  the  Chatham  Artillery  of  Savannah  during 
1895-96.  He  has  been  deputy  governor  general  of 
the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  of  Georgia,  from  its 
organization  in  1896,  and  he  is  a  member  also  of 
the  Oglethorpe  Yacht  and  Motor  Boat  clubs  of 
Savannah,  the  New  York  Club,  India  House,  South- 
ern Society  and  Georgia  Society  of  New  York,  is 
an  alderman  of  the  city  of  Savannah  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Public  Library  Commission.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  yachting  and  automobiling. 
He  was  married  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  Jan.  29,  1879,  to 
Carrie  Gordon,  daughter  of  Stephen  Jackson  Max- 
well Cubbedge,  of  Savannah ;  they  have  four  chil- 
dren: John  Avery  Gere,  Gordon  Cubbedge,  Edwin 
Williams  and  Carville  Hynson. 

STEVENS,  Frederic  Beckwith,  manufac- 
turer, was  born  in  Canton,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  Sept. 
24,  1855,  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Anne  (Beckwith) 
Stevens.  He  was  educated  at  Williston  Seminary, 
Easthampton,  Mass.,  and  began  his  business  career 
as  a  bookkeeper  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1876  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Detroit  Stove  Works  at 
Detroit,  Mich.,  and  in  1S80  took  charge  of  the  of- 
fice of  his  father-in-law,  Ozias  W.  Shipman,  coal 
miner  and  wholesale  coal  dealer.  In  1882  he  es- 
tablished a  business  of  his  own  as  manufacturer 
and  wholesale  dealer  of  foundry  facings  and  foun- 
dry supplies  and  by  close  application,  judgment 
and  executive  ability,  achieved  remarkable  success. 
Mr.  Stevens  is  a  member  of  St.  John's  Episcopal 
church,  a  33d  degree  Scottish  rite  mason  and  a  di- 
rector of  First  and  Old  Detroit  National  Bank. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Detroit  Club,  Bankers'  Club,  Detroit  Ath- 
letic Club,  Society  of  Colonial  Wars;  honorary 
member  Acacia  Fraternity,  University  of  Michi- 
gan, active  member  and  officer,  Grand  Master  Gen- 
eral of  Ceremonies,  Supreme  Council  33°,  Northern 
Masonic  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica. He  is  a  member  of  the  Detroit  Board  of  Com- 
merce and  takes  an  active  interest  in  everything 
pertaining  to  the  vital  prosperity  of  his  home  city. 
He  was  married,  April  20,  1880,  to  Anne  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  Ozias  Williams  and  Emily  (Comstock)  Ship- 
inn  n,  of  Detroit,  and  has  one  daughter,  Winifred 
Marian,  who  was  married  to  Lewis  Haight  Kirby, 
of  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

STEVENS,  Anne  E.  (Shipman),  club  woman, 
was  born  at  Waverly,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  daughter 
of  Ozias  Williams  and  Emily  (Comstock)  Ship- 
man. Her  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Edward  Shipman,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
Nottinghamshire,  England,  and  was  one  of  the 
original  settlers  of  SayBrook,  Conn.,  about  the  mid- 
dle dt'  the  sixteenth  century;  from  him  and  his  wife 
Mary  Anderson  (or  Andrews)  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Martha  Humphries;  their  son  John  and  his  witV 
Elizabeth  Kirtland ;  their  son  Samuel,  a  deputy 
captain  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Doty;  their  sou  Samuel  and  his  wife  Sarah 


WILLIAM  R.  SHELBY 
RAILROAD  PRESIDENT 


JOHN  A.  G.  CARSOX 
MERCHANT 


FREDERIC  B.  STEVENS 
MANUFACTURER 


ANNIE  E.  SHIPMAN  STEVENS 
CLUB  WOMAN 


I  II  ]-"    N  A  1  1  "\  \l.  i   ^  ».  !  1 1  ['i- 'hi  A  01    A  M  EKICAX   BIOGRAPHY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


81 


Stanclift;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Rhnda 
Newell;  and  their  son  Horace  and  his  wife  Abigail 
Anne  Williams,  who  were  the  grand-parents  of  our 
subject.  Her  father,  Ozias  W.  Shipman,  removed 
from  New  York  state  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1*75, 
where  he  became  a  prominent  coal  merchant,  hav- 
ing large  interests  in  mines  in  Shawnee,  O.,  and 
Pennsylvania;  he  was  a  thirty-third  degree  Mason, 
and  a  vestryman  in  St.  John's  Episcopal  church 
for  many  years  until  his  death;  his  wife  was  a  cul- 
tured woman  and  they  were  among  the  first  fami- 
lies of  the  city.  The  daughter,  Anne  E.,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  private  schools  of  the  Episcopal  church 
and  at  Waverly  Academy.  In  all  the  lines  for  the 
advancement  of  women  she  has  ever  been  an  active 
worker.  She  is  a  charter  member,  1894,  of  the 
Twentieth  Century  Club  of  Detroit  (director  of 
department  of  art  and  literature,  189697,  presi- 
dent, 1913-14);  life  member  of  Vassar  Students' 
Aid  Society;  life  member  of  the  Association  of  the 
Protestant  Orphan  Asylum  of  Detroit,  founded 
May  18.  18M6  (chairman  of  the  board  for  several 
years)  ;  life  member  of  the  American  Red  Cross 
Society;  vice-regent  of  Louisa  St.  Clair  Chapter, 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  1905-07, 
regent,  1907-09;  life  member  National  Society 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution;  president 
of  the  Tuesday  Musicale,  1920;  secretary  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  president  1911-12,  of  Mt.  Yer- 
non  Society  in  Detroit;  member  of  the  Lucinda 
Stone  scholarship  fund  committee  of  the  University 
of  Michigan;  one  of  the  three  governors  appointed 
by  the  regents  of  the  Martha  Cook  Building  of 
the  University  of  Michigan;  life  member  of  the 
Women 's  League  of  the  University  of  Michigan ; 
life  member  of  the  Archaeological  Society  of  Amer- 
ica, Life  member  National  Historical  Society, 
Michigan  State  Federation  of  Women  's  Clubs,  Na- 
tional Federation  of  Women 's  Clubs,  Michigan 
Federation  of  Music  Clubs,  National  Federation  of 
Music  Clubs,  McDowell  League,  of  Peterborough, 
N.  H.,  Fine  Arts  Society,  Detroit,  life  member 
Arts  and  Crafts,  of  Detroit,  Little  Theatre,  The- 
atre Arts,  Drama  League,  Tuesdaj'  Musicale,  Wo- 
men's City  Club  of  Detroit,  guarantor  of  the  De- 
troit Symphony  Society  and  of  the  Detroit  Orches- 
tral Association;  president  of  Woman  s  Auxiliary 
to  Board  of  Missions,  Diocese  of  Michigan,  since 
1908,  and  general  chairman  for  all  women 's  or- 
ganizations for  the  Triennial  General  Convention 
of  the  Episcopal  church,  held  in  Detroit,  October, 
1919.  Elected  to  preside  at  meetings  of  the  National 
Woman's  Auxiliary  during  the  Triennial  General 
Convention  of  the  Episcopal  church  held  in  Cincin- 
nati in  1910,  in  St.  Louis  in  1916  and  Detroit,  1919. 
Anne  E.  Shipman  was  married  in  Detroit,  Apr.  20, 
1S8U,  to  Frederic  Beckwith  Stevens  (above). 

WILLIAMS,  Charles  Frank,  master  printer, 
was  born  at  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  Oct.  17,  1859,  son  of 
Isaac  A.  and  Sarah  Maria  (Carpenter)  Williams. 
His  father  was  a  carpenter  and  was  much  inter- 
ested in  civic  affairs,  at  one  time  being  connected 
with  the  police  department  of  Brattleboro.  C. 
Frank  Williams  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Brattleboro.  When  a  young  man  he 
removed  to  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  employed 
in  a  printing  office  that  had  been  established  by 
another  Brattleborian.  Subsequently  he  became  an 
independent  master  printer,  and  his  first  class 
workmanship  and  pleasing  personality  soon  won 
for  him  a  large  and  important  clientele,  and  built 
up  a  prosperous  business.  In  1882,  with  a  desire 
to  increase  his  facilities,  he  formed  a  corporation 
under  the  name  of  the  C.  F.  Williams  Printing 
Co.  This  plant  was  completely  destroyed  by  fire, 


but  he  secured  another  location  and  rebuilt.  He 
subsequently  took  his  son,  Fred  A.  Williams,  as 
a  partner,  under  the  firm  name  of  C.  F.  Williams 
&  Son,  which  relation  was  maintained  until  his 
death.  He  lived  at  Delmar,  N.  Y.  He  possessed 
a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and  had  long  been  one 
of  the  foremost  men  of  that  village.  Always  a 
busy  man,  yet  he  found  time  to  give  generous  sup- 
port and  hard  work  to  innumerable  good  causes. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  the  fire  department,  and 
treasurer  of  the  school  district.  He  was  a  man 
of  rare  capacity  and  sterling  honesty,  both  in  pub- 
lic and  private  business,  and  at  all  assemblages 
of  the  citizens  looking  toward  reform  movements  or 
better  government  he  played  a  conspicuous  part. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  Mason, 
and  a  communicant  of  Calvary  Baptist  Church, 
Albany.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  doing 
for  others.  Occasionally  a  hunting  or  fishing  trip, 
and  in  the  summer  his  garden  was  his  hobby,  both 
vegetable  and  old  fashioned  flowers.  Mr.  Williams 
illustrated  the  finest  qualities  in  human  nature.  He 
had  a  clear  and  firm  grasp  of  public  questions  as 
they  came  up  during  his  lifetime.  He  was  an  ad- 
ministrator of  rare  capacity  in  public  and  in  pri- 
vate business  alike.  He  was  of  such  native  honesty 
that  no  one  ever  dreamed  it  possible  for  him  to 
be  otherwise  in  any  transaction,  large  or  small. 
Integrity  was  constitutional  with  him,  as  a  matter 
of  course,  native  to  his  very  soul,  and  the  years 
of  his  life  spent  in  Albany  only  fortified  him  in 
the  public  esteem  without  effort  on  his  part.  He 
married  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  June  12,  1884,  F.  Euretta 
A.,  a  daughter  of  Jehu  and  Hannah  Gorham  Pang- 
burne,  of  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  she  survives  him,  with 
four  children:  Frank,  a  civil  engineer,  Troy  N.  Y.; 
Fred  A.,  treasurer  of  C.  F.  Williams  &  Son,  Inc., 
Albany,  N.  Y. ;  Harold,  a  student  living  .at  Del- 
mar,  and  Alida  Williams,  trained  nurse,  Albany, 
N.  Y.;  Charles  Frank  Williams  died  at  Delmar, 
N.  Y.,  May  30th,  1914. 

YOUNG,  Milton,  turfman  and  breeder,  was 
born  in  Union  county,  Ky.,  Jan.  10,  1851,  son  of 
Milton  and  Maria  (Thompson)  Young.  His  earli- 
est paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Young,  a 
native  of  London,  who  came  from  England  in  the 
closing  years  of  the  18th  century,  located  first  in 
Virginia,  and  in  1793  became  a  pioneer  in  Nelson 
county,  Ky.  His  son  Bryan  R.  Young  was  the 
grandfather  of  Milton  Young,  our  subject.  Bryan 
R.  Young  was  a  physician  of  note;  built  the  first 
brick  residence  in  Kentucky,  and  during  1845-47 
represented  the  Bardstown  district  in  the  lower 
house  of  the  national  congress.  Milton  Young, 
father  of  our  subject,  engaged  in  farming  in  Union 
county;  served  that  county  with  honor  as  judge; 
became  a  noted  tobacconist  of  Henderson  county, 
and  was  elected  to  represent  the  latter  county  in 
the  Kentucky  legislature,  but  died  of  heart  trou- 
ble while  en  route  to  the  state  capitol  to  take  his 
seat.  He  was  a  conservative  Union  man,  of  supe- 
rior intellect,  and  a  speaker  of  great  ability.  The 
son  received  his  education  in  public  and  private 
schools  at  Henderson,  Ky.  At  fourteen  he  became 
an  independent  dealer  in  cigars  and  tobacco,  and 
two  years  later  became  part  proprietor,  with  George 
S.  Norris,  in  a  hardware  store  at  Henderson.  In 
this  undertaking  he  met  with  success  and  gained 
the  initial  fortune  which  enabled  him  to  become 
a  figure  of  national  importance  on  the  turf  and  as 
a  breeder  of  thoroughbred  horses.  In  1S78  he  pur- 
chased Joe  Rhodes,  a  thoroughbred  horse,  and  the 
following  year  his  colors  appeared  for  the  first 
time  on  the  turf.  From  time  to  time  he  added  '< 
his  stable  of  racers  such  noted  horses  as  Boot  Jack, 


82 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Bancroft,  Getaway,  Boatman,  Beatrice  and  others. 
His  entire  racing  career  was  successful.  At  Cin- 
cinnati in  1881  he  had  six  horses  entered  in  six 
races  and  ran  without  defeat,  winning  the  entire 
six.  At  St.  Louis  his  Getaway  won  the  best  1%- 
mile  heat  race  on  record.  At  Nashville  in  1881 
Boot  Jack  won  two  races  in  one  day,  and  a  stake 
race  on  the  day  following.  At  the  spring  meeting 
in  St.  Louis  in  1882  he  won  the  entire  program  of 
the  opening  day,  the  four  winners  being  Monogram, 
Boot  Jack,  Ascender  and  Bancroft.  In  that  year 
he  sold  his  entire  racing  stable  to  R.  C.  Pate.  Hav- 
ing decided  to  embark  in  the  breeding  of  thorough- 
breds he  bought  "McGrathiana,"  the  estate  of 
Price  McGrath,  the  home  of  Tom  Bowling  and 
Aristides.  Here  he  collected  stallions  and  brood 
mares  of  the  best  blood,  the  unbeaten  Hanover  be- 
ing his  premier  stallion.  For  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury he  sent  annually  to  the  sale  marts  of  the  East 
large  quotas  of  embryo  racers,  and  he  came  to  have 
the  distinction  of  owning  the  largest  thoroughbred 
breeding  establishment  in  the  world.  In  addition 
to  Hanover,  who  had  won  thirty-two  races  and  ap- 
proximately $121,000,  his  racing  stallions  included 
Onondago,  Pirate  of  Penzauce,  Lamplighter,  Sor- 
cerer, Friar,  Favor,  Strathmore,  Cameron,  Wools- 
thorpe,  Sempronius,  Yorkshire  Lad,  Lackt'ord,  Mon- 
sieur de  Lome,  King  of  Coins  and  Alloway.  Among 
the  notable  mares  were  American  Lady,  Ambu- 
lance, Anna  Lisle,  Bezique,  Borealis,  Laughing 
Water,  Nellie  Blythe,  Pocahontas  and  others.  Some 
of  the  notable  products  of  "McGrathiana,"  while 
in  his  hands,  were  Yankee  Consul,  Handspun, 
Sewell  and  Broomstick.  He  held  the  esteem  of 
turfmen  everywhere.  He  was  for  years  an  officer 
of  the  Kentucky  Racing  Association  and  a  member 
of  the  old  American  Turf  Congress.  Later  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  State  Racing  Commis- 
sion, and  was  the  author  of  some  of  its  best  rules, 
notably  that  which  fixed  the  limit  of  commission 
to  be  charged  in  pari-mutuels  at  five  per  cent.  In 
the  early  part  of  1900  adverse  racing  laws  were 
passed  whereupon  the  price  of  thoroughbreds 
ceased  to  make  breeding  profitable.  In  1908  he 
sold  his  farms  and  horses  at  auction,  and  took  up 
his  residence  at  Lexington.  He  served  with  rank 
of  colonel  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  John  Young  Brown. 
He  was  a  citizen  of  the  world,  but  a  loyal  and  pa- 
triotic American  also,  and  had  a  rare  consideration 
for  the  rights  of  others.  He  was  married  at  Mor- 
ganfield,  Ky.,  Dec.  14,  1XS2,  to  Lucy,  daughter  of 
Ignatius  A.  Spaldiug,  lawyer  and  legislator,  of 
Morganfield,  Ky. ;  she  survives  him,  with  seven 
children:  Spalding,  Alice  and  Maria,  nuns  of  the 
Order  of  the  Sacred  Heart ;  Milton,  who  was  a  vol- 
unteer for  special  service  during  the  European  war ; 
Jack  Spaldiug,  an  officer  in  the  National  Army, 
European  war;  Torn  Brown,  University  of  Notre 
Dame,  and  Lucy  Young,  University  of  Kentucky. 
He  died  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  May  5,  1918. 

RICHMOND,  Charles  Herbert,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Churchville,  N.  Y.,  July  15, 
1840,  son  of  Billings  and  Susan  (Willeyl  Rich- 
mond, and  a  descendant  of  John  Richmond,  who 
came  from  England  and  settled  probably  in  Maine 
between  1630  and  1635;  from  him  the  line  is 
traced  through  his  son  Capt.  Edward;  his  son  Col. 
Silvester  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Rogers;  their  son 
Capt.  Perez  and  his  wife  Deborah  Loring,  and  their 
sou  Edward  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Throop,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Charles  H.  Richmond  was  educated  at  the 
Riga  and  Webster  academies,  Eastman  Business 
College,  Rochester,  the  University  of  Buffalo,  being 
graduated  at  the  latter  institute  with  the  degree 


of  M.D.  in  1860.  For  some  time  thereafter  he 
served  as  resident  physician  and  surgeon  of  the 
Buffalo  General  Hospital.  He  located  at  Livonia, 
N.  Y.,  in  1861,  but  after  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war  enlisted  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  104th 
N.  Y.  Vols.  He  was  promoted  surgeon  with  the 
rank  of  major  and  had  charge  of  the  division 
hospitals  at  Fredericksburg  and  Gettysburg,  also 
for  several  months  was  surgeon  of  the  artillery 
brigade  of  the  1st  and  5th  army  corps.  During 
his  residence  in  Livonia  he  acquired  an  enviable 
reputation  as  a  physician.  In  addition  to  his  large 
practice  he  engaged  for  a  time  in  farming  and 
breeding  Merino  sheep.  For  several  years  he  re- 
viewed medical  works  for  the  "New  Y'ork  Medical 
Journal."  He  was  three  times  elected  supervisor 
of  his  town  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  in  1881 
was  a  candidate  for  member  of  assembly,  running 
far  ahead  of  his  ticket.  He  was  curator  of  the 
University  of  Buffalo  from  1870,  and  from  1895 
until  the  close  of  his  life,  he  was  president  of  the 
village  of  Livonia.  He  was  commander  of  E.  S. 
Gilbert  post,  G.  A.  R. ;  past  master  of  the  Livonia 
lodge,  F.  rind  A.  M.,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Livonia  Presbyterian  Church.  He  held  member- 
ship in  the  Rochester  Pathological  Society,  and 
the  Livingston  County,  Central  New  York  and 
New  York  State  Medical  societies.  Dr.  Rioh- 
mond  's  dominating  characteristics  were  sympathy 
and  geniality.  He  loved  his  work  because  he 
loved  mankind,  and  therefore  could  not  fail  to 
attain  success.  While  ministering  to  the  bodies  of 
the  sick,  he  furnished  them  medicine  for  the  mind 
and  sympathy  for  the  heart,  which  often  com- 
bined to  secure  a  complete  restoration  of  hopeless 
cases.  He  was  married,  Aug.  8,  1861,  to  Jennie 
A.,  daughter  of  William  Smith,  of  Livonia,  N.  Y., 
and  their  two  children,  Jennie  Imogen,  wife  of 
Lewis  H.  Beecher,  and  Ella  Gertrude  Richmond, 
a  teacher,  preceded  him  in  death.  He  died  at 
Livonia,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  2,  1904. 

LUTHER,  George  Martin,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  25,  1849, 
son  of  George  Washington  and  Phebe  (Andrews) 
Luther,  and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  John  Luther, 
a  native  of  Shrewsbury,  Dorset  county,  England, 
who  emigrated  in  1635  and  settled  at  Swansea, 
R.  I.  The  family  is  supposed  to  be  descended 
from  a  brother  of  Martin  Luther.  After  attending 
Albany  Academy,  he  entered  Cornell  University 
and  was  graduated  in  1870  with  the  degree  of  B.S. 
He  began  his  business  career  in  the  coal  trade  as 
an  associate  of  his  father  in  Albany.  In  1885  he 
went  to  New  York  city  and  became  treasurer  of 
the  C.  W.  Hunt  Co.,  manufacturers  of  coal-handling 
machinery.  Five  years  later  he  became  associated 
with  William  H.  Nichols  in  the  manufacture  of 
chemicals,  and  soon  thereafter  was  elected  secre- 
tary of  the  Nichols  Chemical  Co.  In  1899  it  be- 
came the  Nichols  Copper  Co.,  having  sold  the 
chemical  part  of  the  business  to  the  General 
Chemical  Co.  Thereafter  the  Nichols  Copper  Co. 
was  devoted  exclusively  to  the  electrolytic  refining 
of  copper — the  largest  organization  in  the  world 
for  that  purpose.  Mr.  Luther  was  secretary  and 
general  manager  of  this  company  until  his  death. 
During  1910-12  he  was  president  of  the  Granby 
Consolidated  Mining,  Smelting  and  Power  Co.  He 
was  widely  known  in  the  copper  trade  and  justly 
considered  an  authority  on  that  metal.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Copper  Producers'  Association,  the 
Chemists'  and  Cornell  clubs,  the  Albany  Society 
of  New  York  and  the  Down  Town  Association.  In 
politics  he  was  an  independent.  He  possessed  a 
strong,  vigorous  and  dominating  personality.  He 


WV/xjiv 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


83 


was  genial,  hospitable  and  wonderfully  loyal  to 
his  friends,  and  no  man  had  higher  endowment  for 
friendship.  His  humor  was  unfailing  and  irre- 
sistible; his  imagination  delightful.  He  had  few 
peers  as  a  raconteur,  and  the  memory  of  his  anec- 
dotes is  ineffaceable.  Fond  of  the  out-doer  life 
and  of  nature,  he  found  his  favorite  recreation  in 
gardens  anil  gardening.  He  was  married  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  12,  1873,  to  Mary  Hartness,  daughter 
of  William  Gould,  a  publisher  of  law  books.  She 
survives  her  husband,  with  two  children:  Mary 
Gould  and  Phebe  Andrews,  wife  of  Philip  Lee  Gill. 
He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  25,  1913. 

HERKNEE,  Joseph  Carl,  soldier  and  mer- 
chant, was  born  at  Kratzau,  Germany,  Dec.  1, 1840, 
son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Shultz)  Herkner, 
and  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in  1849,  set- 
tling at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  that  city,  and  in  1856 
became  a  jeweler 's  apprentice  in  the  store  of  N. 
T.  Butler,'  Grand  Rapids.  In  1860  he  accepted 
a  clerkship  with  George  Barnard,  a  pioneer  jeweler 
of  that  city.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  D,  1st  Mich,  engineers  and  mechan- 
ics, one  of  the  most  noted  Michigan  commands 
in  the  war,  and  with  which  he  served  with  dis- 
tinguished gallantry  throughout  the  conflict,  being 
mustered  out  with  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1870 
he  established  himself  in  the  jewelry  business 
in  Grand  Rapids.  His  aptitude,  industry,  and 
faculty  for  supplying  the  demands  of  a  rapidly 
growing  trade  led  to  splendid  success,  and  the 
name  Herkner  became  a  symbol  of  quality,  with 
a  trade  extending  over  many  states.  In  1872  he 
organized  a  company  of  local  militia  for  the  Michi- 
gan national  guard,  and  was  its  captain  for  four 
years.  Later  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
and  inspector  of  brigade,  M.  N.  G.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Association  of  Com- 
merce, the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Benevo- 
lent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  and  was  a 
thirty-third  degree  Mason,  member  of  the  lodge, 
chapter,  council,  consistory  and  past  commander 
of  the  Knights  Templar  commandery.  He  was 
a  leader  in  all  movements  looking  toward  the 
betterment  of  civic  and  municipal  conditions  of 
his  adopted  city.  Successful  yet  modest,  aggres- 
sive yet  thoughtful,  ambitious  yet  unselfish,  Col. 
Herkner  was  a  maximum  type  and  beloved  by  all 
with  whom  he  had  personal  relations.  He  waa 
married,  ,lune  13,  1867,  to  Clara  L.,  daughter  of 
Charles  Philo  Calkins,  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
formerly  of  Vermont;  she  died  in  1906.  There 
is  one  surviving  child:  Elizabeth  Herkner.  He 
died  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Mar.  17,  1914. 

TOWNSEND,  Levi  Scott,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  Pencader  Hundred  township,  New  Castle  CO., 
Del.,  Dec.  31,  1867,  son  of  George  L.  and  Cornelia 
(Scott)  Townsend,  and  member  of  a  distinguished 
colonial  Delaware  family.  Bishop  Levi  Scott,  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  was  his  grand- 
father. The  farm  homestead  in  Pencader  Hun- 
dred has  been  in  possession  of  the  family  for  six 
generations.  His  father  was  a  member  of  the 
Delaware  general  assembly,  collector  of  the  port 
of  Wilmington,  and  U.  S.  marshal.  Scott  Town- 
send,  as  he  was  generally  known,  received  his  edu- 
cation at  district  schools  near  Odessa,  Del.,  and 
at  Conference  Academy,  Dover,  Del.  Upon  attain- 
ing his  majority  he  became  clerk  in  the  service  of 
the  Security  Trust  &  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  Wilmington, 
then  but  newly  formed.  His  manifold  energy  and 
almost  ceaseless  activity  brought  success  to  every 
enterprise  he  touched,  which  became  beneficial,  not 
to  himself  a-loue,  but  to  all  with  whom  his  lot  was 


cast,  and  with  whom  his  labors  were  shared. 
Through  successive  promotions  he  rose  to  the  posi- 
tion of  vice-president,  and  was  an  important  fac- 
tor in  the  rapid  growth  of  that  institution.  His 
counsel  was  courted  and  his  advice  sought  by  many 
a  business  or  financial  institution  among  whose 
directorates  his  name  never  appeared.  In  191.> 
he  took  up  the  position  of  vice-president  of  L;iinl 
&  Co.,  investment  bankers,  Wilmington,  and  ti:.n^ 
ferred  his  active  service  to  that  house  while  re 
tabling  his  former  post,  and  in  1917  he  bei-.nn 
president  of  that  firm.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee  Security  Trust  &  Safe 
Deposit  Co.;  vice-president  Peoples'  Bank,  Middle- 
town,  Del.,  and  a  director  in  the  Diamond  Ice  & 
Coal  Co.,  American  Vulcanized  Fibre  Co.,  Kennett 
Turnpike  Co.,  and  Farmers'  Mutual  Insurance  Co. 
For  years  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Delaware  State 
Fair  Association,  and  to  that,  as  to  many  other 
enterprises,  he  gave  unstinted  time  anil  attention. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Delaware  Anti-Tubercu- 
losis Society,  treasurer  of  the  Delaware  Hospital, 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  Wilming- 
ton Associated  Charities  and  headed  the  campaign 
to  raise  a  fund  to  carry  on  its  work.  Keenly  in- 
terested in  agriculture,  he  owned  and  operated  five 
farms.  He  was  past  master  and  active  member  of 
West  Brandywine  Grange.  For  twelve  years  he 
was  one  of  the  county  auditors;  was  a  jury  com- 
missioner for  two  terms;  a  county  school  commis- 
sioner; treasurer  of  the  building  commission,  and 
a  member  of  the  Delaware  state  educational  sur- 
vey commission.  For  years  he  was  treasurer  of 
the  Republican  county  committee,  and  had  been 
treasurer  of  the  Republican  state  committee.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  commission  having  in 
charge  the  erection  of  the  public  building  for  the 
joint  use  of  Newcastle  county  and  the  city  of  Wil- 
mington. He  was  a  3d  degree  Mason,  and  held 
membership  also  in  the  Wilmington,  Wilmington 
Country,  and  Young  Men's  Republican  clubs,  Wil- 
mington. He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  held 
was  not  only  an  active  and  up-to-date  farmer,  but 
he  was  keenly  interested  in  all  out-of-doors  sports 
and  diversions.  He  was  a  skilful  horseman  and 
an  ardent  fox-hunter  and  gunner,  and  always  found 
time  amid  the  multiplicity  of  his  duties  to  enjoy 
these  pastimes  and  pleasures.  One  of  the  most 
lovable  of  men,  he  numbered  his  friends  by  the 
thousand  and  had  the  enviable  faculty  of  retaining 
his  friendships.  The  wide  scope  of  his  knowing' 
of  local  men  and  affairs  made  his  advice  of  the 
utmost  value.  His  charm  of  manner  and  delight- 
ful personality  wmi  for  him  the  loyal  regard  of  all 
who  came  within  his  sphere  of  influence.  He 
brought  with  him  to  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties, 
whether  official,  political  or  social  obligations,  a 
high  and  keen  sense  of  duty,  which  would  not  be 
content  with  a  cursory  performance  of  them.  Hi* 
investigation  of  the  details  of  all  banking  matters 
was  careful  and  minute,  but  he  never  lost,  in  the 
study  of  these,  his  ability  to  see  the  matter  as  a 
whole  and  comprehensively.  In  everything  he  un- 
dertook he  was  keenly  alert  and  active.  He  loved 
work  and  accomplishment,  not  for  the  honor  or 
advantage  that  success  would  bring  him,  but  for 
the  sheer  joy  of  achievement.  His  ready  wit  and 
humor  made  companionship  with  him  delightful, 
and  this,  with  his  sympathetic  and  kindly  nature, 
his  sincerity  and  loyalty,  won  for  him  the  warm 
affection  of  all.  Considerate  always  of  the  opin- 
ions of  others  and  modest  of  his  own  attainments, 
yet  he  had  confidence  in  himself  and  the  courage 
to  express  convincingly  his  own  judgment  on  any 
important  matter.  He  worked  zealously  for  the 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


betterment  and  benefit  of  the  civic  and  business 
interests  with  which  he  was  associated,  recognizing 
and  assuming  his  full  share  of  the  responsibilities 
of  life.  To  these  interests  he  gave  always  the  best 
that  was  in  him.  His  home  was  at  ' '  Rockland 
Farm, ' '  where  he  was  happy  in  the  rearing  of  fine 
live  stock  and  standard  bred  poultry.  He  was 
married  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  Oct.  9,  1895,  to 
Nellie  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  F.  Dure,  manufac- 
turer and  capitalist ;  six  children  were  born  of 
this  marriage,  of  whom  four  survived  him:  Julia, 
Sarah  D.,  L.  Scott,  and  W.  Laird  Townsend.  He 
died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  28,  1918. 

GBISWOLD,  Joseph  Lancaster,  railway  offi- 
cial and  hotel  proprietor,  was  born  at  Taylorsville, 
Ky.,  Apr.  13,  1S43,  son  of  William  D.  and  Maria 
Moshy  (Lancaster)  Griswold.  His  earliest  pater- 
nal American  ancestor  was  Edward  Griswold,  who 
came  from  England  about  the  middle  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  died  in  New  England  in  1691; 
from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Lieut.  Francis  and  the  latter  's  wife  Susannah 
Huntington;  their  son  Francis  and  his  wife  Abi- 
gail Bingliam;  their  son  Isaac  and  his  wife  Abi- 
gail Latham;  and  their  son  Isaac  and  his  wife 
HuHah  Dickinson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
our  subject.  He  is  also  a  direct  descendant  of 
John  Alden  and  Priscilla  Mullens,  who  came  over 
in  the  "Mayflower,"  and  on  the  maternal  side  of 
John  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore.  William 
D.  Griswold  moved  from  Vermont  to  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.,  where  he  became  the  law  partner  of  Hon. 
John  P.  Usher  (q.v.),  secretary  of  the  interior 
under  Pres.  Lincoln,  during  which  time  he  passed 
through  his  successful  railroad  career ;  he  retired 
from  active  railroad  work  in  1872  and  moved  to 
St.  Louis,  where  he  soon  established  large  finan- 
cial interests.  Joseph  L.  Griswold  was  graduated 
at  Williston  Academy,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  in 
1862.  After  the  war  he  became  interested  in  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  railroad,  and  in  1864  was  made 
superintendent  of  the  westem  division.  Having1 
gained  a  broad  knowledge  of  the  business,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four  he  became  general  superintend- 
ent of  the  great  Ohio  &  Mississippi  system,  of 
which  his  father  was  president.  It  was  then  that 
he  accomplished  the  feat  of  standardizing  the 
grade  of  the  road  between  Cincinnati  and  St. 
Louis  in  eight  hours,  without  the  least  interruption 
of  traffic.  In  1862  he  took  up  his  residence  in  St. 
Louis,  and  in  1S72  acquired  an  interest  in  the  old 
Liudell  Hotel.  Later  he  purchased  the  Laclede 
Hotel  and  conducted  that  hostelry  until  his  death. 
As  early  as  1895  he  had  been  offered  $1,000,000 
for  the  hotel  site  at  Sixth  and  Chestnut  streets,  but 
he  was  fond  of  the  hotel  business  and  especially 
of  the  Laclede,  and  repeatedly  declared  that  he 
would  never  sell  the  house.  He  was  keenly  inter- 
ested in  Democratic  politics  and  for  several  years 
served  as  state  fish  and  game  commissioner  under 
appointment  of  Gov.  William  J.  Stone  (q.v.).  He 
was  the  organizer  of  the  Central  National  Bank, 
and  continued  an  active  director  of  this  bank  until 
his  death.  His  chief  philanthropies  were  always 
directed  to  the  assistance  of  unfortunate  children. 
He  despised  anything  dishonest,  or  petty,  or  mean, 
while  his  humor  and  gay  spirit  made  him  a  social 
favorite.  He  was  a  member  of  numerous  societies, 
including  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution 
and  the  Missouri  Historical  Society,  and  was  a 
Mason  of  Terre  Haute  Lodge  No.  86.  He  was 
married  Oct.  21,  1875,  to  Emily  Woods,  daughter 
of  Karl  Frederich  con  Atlae,  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  and 
had  one  child,  Nellie  Griswold.  He  died  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Mar.  30,  1896. 


McKNIGHT,  William  P.,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Cascade  township,  Kent  CO.,  Michigan,  July 
23,  1863,  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Fitzpatrick) 
McKnight,  and  grandson  of  James  McKnight,  a 
native  of  Ireland  who  came  to  this  country  about 
1833,  locating  first  in  Kentucky,  where  he  served 
as  foreman  on  the  plantation  of  Henry  Clay  (q.v.) 
and  about  1845  removed  with  his  family  to  a  farm 
in  Cascade  township,  Mich.;  his  wife  was  Mary 
Quinn,  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  a  woman 
of  superior  attainments.  Thomas  McKnight,  father 
of  our  subject,  was  also  born  in  Ireland,  and  was 
still  a  lad  when  he  accompanied  his  parents  to 
America  ;  after  the  family  removed  to  Michigan  he 
made  farming  his  life-pursuit  and  in  it  was  suc- 
cessful. William  F.  McKnight  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  ointil  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  and 
then  began  to  teach  in  the  country  schools.  After 
teaching  for  two  terms  he  entered  the  Normal 
School  at  Valparaiso,  Ind.,  and  was  graduated 
A.B.  in  1SS4.  He  then  served  as  superintendent  of 
schools  at  Kankakee,  111.,  for  two  terms,  after 
which  he  entered  the  law  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan  and  was  graduated  LL.B.  in  1887, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Grand  Rapids,  the 
following  year.  For  two  years  he  was  a  law  part- 
ner of  G.  Chase  Godwin  and  Allen  C.  Adsit,  but  in 
1890  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kent 
county,  the  firm  being  dissolved  by  Mr.  Adsit  '3 
election  to  the  bench  and  by  the  death  of  Mr.  God- 
win. He  was  afterward  associated  in  practice  with 
T.  F.  McGarry,  but  in  1395  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  James  T.  McAllister,  under  the  firm 
name  of  McKnight  &  McAllister,  his  brother  L.  F. 
McKnight,  also  being  a  member  of  the  firm.  This 
partnership  continued  until  1910.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  ho  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Mc- 
Knight £  McCook.  Mr.  McKnight  was  a  candi- 
date for  congress  in  1896.  He  was  entrusted  with 
the  litigation  of  large  interests  and  in  its  han- 
dling he  practised  in  all  the  courts.  He  was  widely 
known  throughout  the  state  of  Michigan,  and  his 
reputation  among  the  members  of  the  bar  was 
that  of  a  practitioner  who  always  observed  the 
highest  ethics  of  his  profession.  His  personal  ex- 
cellencies endeared  him  to  a  large  circle  of  friends, 
while  his  universal  kindness  and  courtesy  com- 
manded the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community 
at  large.  To  quote  from  an  editorial  which  ap- 
peared in  the  ' '  Grand  Rapids  Herald  ' '  at  the  time 
of  his  death:  "He  was  a  man  of  strong  talents 
and  lunusual  capacity.  Until  ill  health  attacked 
him,  he  was  always  prominent  in  communal  af- 
fairs— always  ready  for  a  man's  part  in  the  battle 
of  life.  He  was  successful  in  his  chosen  profession 
of  law — successful  in  a  diversity  of  commercial  en- 
terprises— successful  as  a  maker  of  warm  friends. 
His  passing  will  be  registered  amid  sincere  regrets, 
not  only  in  Grand  Rapids,  but  throughout  the 
state."  Mr.  McKnight  was  president  of  the  Maine 
Lumber  Co.  and  of  the  White  River  Timber  Co.; 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  Dickie  Mining  Co.,  and 
a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  Book  Case  Co.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  and  Michigan  State  Bar  Associa- 
tions, the  Association  of  Commerce,  the  Peninsular, 
O-wash-ta-nong  and  Highlands  Country  clubs,  the 
Masonic  order,  Order  of  Elks,  Ancient  Order  of 
Hibernians,  Modern  Woodmen  of  America  and 
Knights  of  Columbus.  His  favorite  recreation  was 
golf.  For  seven  years  he  was  a  member  of  Com- 
pany B,  Grand  Rapids  Battery,  of  the  Michigan 
National  Guard.  He  was  one  of  the  leading  Demo- 
crats of  America  and  foremost  in  the  state  of 


(hwwf£, 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


sr, 


Michigan.  In  religion  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  He  was  married,  Aug.  20 
1907,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  John  Caulfield,  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  died  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
May  19,  1919. 

WELPTON,  John  Walter,  banker,  was  born 
at  Salem,  la.,  Oct.  29,  1S59,  son  of  Nelson  and 
Louisa  (Connor)  Welpton.  He  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  until  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  be- 
came clerk  in  a  mercantile  establishment  at  Red 
Oak,  la.,  subsequently  being  similarly  employed 
at  Emerson,  la.,  and  Osceola,  Neb.  Later  he 
opened  a  store  in  Emerson  and  made  extensive  in- 
vestments in  farm  lands  in  Keith  and  Perkins 
counties,  Nebraska.  He  conducted  a  real  estate 
office  at  Grant  until  1895,  when  he  opened  the  Ex- 
change Bank,  a  private  institution  at  Grant,  which 
was  removed  to  Ogallala,  Keith  county,  in  1897, 
and  incorporated  as  the  Exchange  Bank  of  Ogal- 
lala in  1900.  In  1905  he  organized  and  incorpo- 
rated the  Welpton  Investment  Co. ;  in  1906  the 
Commercial  State  Bank  of  Paxton;  in  1907  First 
State  Bank  of  Brule;  in  1908  the  Welpton  Lumber 
Co.,  and  in  1910  the  Bank  of  Keystone,  being  pres- 
ident of  all  of  these  institutions.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  one  of  the  great  land  holders  of 
Keith  county  and  his  ranch  near  Ogallala  pro- 
duced some  of  the  finest  live  stock  in  the  section. 
He  was  a  president  of  the  Nebraska  State  Bankers' 
Association,  a  member  also  of  the  American 
Bankers'  Association;  chairman  of  the  Keith 
county  chapter,  American  Red  Cross  Society;  a 
32d  degree  Mason;  member  of  the  Order  of  the 
Eastern  Star,  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  the 
Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks;  he  was 
a  communicant  of  the  Congregational  church.  For 
more  than  a  score  of  years  he  was  chairman  of  his 
Republican  county  committee.  He  was  married  at 
Emerson,  la.,  Nov.  4,  1879,  to  Hester,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Corp,  a  resident  of  Indiana,  and  had  four 
children:  Mabel,  Winifred,  Marguerite  and  Bess, 
wife  of  Thomas  I.  Dutch.  Mr.  Welptou  died  at 
San  Diego,  Calif.,  May  15,  191S. 

GRAY,  Thomas  Kennedy,  druggist,  was  born 
at  Jefferson,  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  June  16,  1883,  son 
of  Peter  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Kennedy)  Gray.  Mas- 
sachusetts was  tl'.e  early  home  of  the  Gray  family, 
but  a  few  years  before  the  birth  of  Thomas  R. 
Gray,  his  parents  moved  from  Andover,  Mass., 
to  Jefferson,  Me.,  where  his  father  was  a  practising 
physician  and  a  member  of  the  state  legislature. 
When  Thomas  K.  Gray  was  four  years  old  his 
father  died,  and  the  family  moved  to  Waldoboro, 
Me.,  where  later  onr  subject  attended  the  public 
schools.  Upon  his  graduation  from  the  public 
schools  he  entered  Wiseasett  Academy,  where  he 
spent  three  years.  Through  reading  the  medical 
books  in  his  father  's  library  he  developed  a  taste 
for  the  handling  of  medicine.  At  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen he  graduated  from  Wiscassett  Academy  and 
entered  the  service  of  a  Waldoboro  dry  goods 
store  as  clerk.  He  remained  three  years  in  this 
position,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  went  to  Toledo, 
0.,  where  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  retail  store. 
At  the  end  of  eighteen  months  he  went  to  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.,  to  join  his  brothers,  Oliver  C.,  and 
John  D.  Gray.  He  arrived  in  Minneapolis  in  Oc- 
tober, 1855.  A  year  later  Oliver  C.  Gray  left  Min- 
neapolis for  the  South,  and  John  D.  Gray  entered 
the  drug  business  in  partnership  with  Dr.  M.  R. 
Greeley.  In  the  meantime  Thomas  K.  Gray  went 
to  work  for  D.  W.  Ingersoll  in  a  clerical  capacity, 
and  hi  1857  he  bought  Dr.  Greeley  's  interest  in  the 
drug  business,  and  became  his  brother 's  partner. 
The  Gray  brothers'  drug  store  was  located  on 


Bridge  Square,  Minneapolis,  and  for  fifty-two  years 
they  carried  on  the  business  in  the  same  place. 
The  firm  did  a  flourishing  business  in  drugs,  medi- 
cines, paints  and  oils  from  the  start,  and  began 
wholesaling  in  connection  with  their  retail  trade, 
becoming  the  pioneer  drug  jobbing  house  of  Min- 
neapolis. In  1871  John  D.  Gray  retired  from  the 
firm  and  moved  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  Thomas 
K.  Gray  became  the  sole  owner  and  manager  of 
the  business,  devoting  his  entire  time  to  its  man- 
agement, and  to  the  enlargement  of  its  scope  as  a 
wholesale  house.  He  continued  the  wholesaling  of 
drugs  in  connection  with  his  retail  business  until 
the  advent  of  exclusively  wholesale  drug  houses 
rendered  his  business  no  longer  profitable.  In  1864 
the  whole  block  of  buildings  in  which  Mr.  Gray 's 
place  of  business  was  located,  was  burned  to  the 
ground,  but  the  drug  business  was  continued  in 
the  same  place,  the  burned  frame  building  being 
replaced  by  a  brick  structure.  During  his  entire 
life  Mr.  Gray  devoted  himself  single-mindedly  to 
his  drug  business,  ami  its  success  was  a  result  of 
his  well-directed  industry.  In  the  late  'fifties  Mr. 
\Jray  bought  a  tract  of  about  nine  acres  at  the 
corner  of  what  later  became  Oak  Grove  and  Spruce 
streets,  Minneapolis.  At  the  time  he  bought  the 
land  it  was  a  hazel  and  aspen  thicket,  and  no 
streets  had  been  laid  out.  Here  he  built  his  home, 
in  a  country  district  which  has  since  become  one 
of  the  most  attractive  sections  of  Minneapolis. 
Mr.  Gray  did  not  take  an  active  part  in  public 
'affairs,  though  his  acquaintance  with  topics  of 
popular  interest,  as  well  as  with  the  literature  of 
the  day,  was  considered  extensive,  and  based  on 
accurate  information.  He  was  of  a  retiring  na- 
ture, reticent  in  speech,  but  took  a  kindly  interest 
in  those  about  him,  and  his  relations  with  his 
family,  his  friends,  and  with  the  community  at 
large,  were  extremely  cordial.  He  was  a  devoted 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1865  to  Julia,  daughter  of  Rev.  L.  B.  Allen, 
one  time  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  They 
had  five  children :  Horace  A.,  Burton  N.,  Grace 
Elizabeth,  ami  Marguerite,  all  of  whom,  with  their 
mother,  survived  Mr.  Gray,  and  Edward  L.,  who 
died  in  youth.  Thomas  Kennedy  Gray  died  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Dec.  24,  1909. 

LATHKOP,  Gardiner,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Waukesha,  Wis.,  Feb.  16,  1850,  son  of  John  Hiram 
(q.v.)  and  Frances  E.  (Lothrop)  Lathrop.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Missouri  in 
1867,  receiving  his  M.A.  degree  from  that  insti- 
tution in  1870 ;  was  graduated  at  Yale  University 
in  1869,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  and  also  like  his 
father,  who  had  graduated  there  just  a  half  cen- 
tury before,  was  the  salutatorian  of  his  class. 
Yale  gave  him  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1872,  and  in 
1873  he  was  graduated  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  In  1907  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri,  and  Washington  University, 
St.  Louis,  both  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1873  and  that  same  year  engaged  hi  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  since  1885 
he  has  been  the  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Lathrop,  Morrow,  Fox  &  Moore.  In  1905  he  was 
appointed  general  solicitor  for  the  Atehison,  To- 
peka  &  Santa  Fe  railway  system,  with  headquar- 
ters in  the  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  which  posi- 
tion he  still  occupies.  He  has  taken  much  interest 
in  affairs  of  his  alma  mater,  the  University  of 
Missouri,  and  has  served  as  president  of  its  board 
of  curators.  For  eighteen  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Kansas  City  Board  of  Education,  and  its 
vice-president  for  several  years.  He  is  a  member 


86 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  the  University  and  Chicago  clubs,  Chicago,  and 
of  the  University  and  Kansas  City  clubs,  Kansas 
City,  and  holds  membership  in  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  the  Wisconsin  Society 
of  Chicago.  He  is  past  president  of  the  Kansas 
City  Bar  Association,  and  also  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  State  Bar  Association  and  the  American 
Bar  Association.  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Republican  party.  He  was  married  in  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  .Ian.  16,  187!),  to  Eva,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  Grant,  of  Kansas  City;  they  have  had 
five  children:  Frances  E.,  Jessie,  John  H.,  Louise, 
and  Lothrop  Lathrop. 

STEVENS,  W[ alter]   Tyrie,  export  merchant, 
was  born  at  Dunnville,  Ont.,  Can.,  Dec.  11,  1867, 
son    of   Millage    Albert   and    Elizabeth    (Jamison) 
Stevens,  and  grandson  of  Eobert  and  Anne    (Jef- 
fries)  Stevens.     He  received  his  education  in  the 
grammar   and   high   schools   of   Dunnville,   and    at 
the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  his  business  career 
as  clerk  in  a  mercantile  establishment  in  his  native 
town  and  became  manager  of  the  business  at  the 
age  of  17.     During  1886-87  he  was  in  the  service 
of  W.   H.   Murray,   also   Geddes  Bros.,  Strathroy, 
Ont.     He  entered  the  service  of  Duncan  &  Duncan, 
merchants,    of    Seaforth,    Ont.,    in    1888,    and    re- 
mained about  a  year,  and  during  1889-90  he  vis- 
ited the  West  Indies  ami  South  America  and  com- 
piled  Wright 's   Trade   Directory  for   those   coun- 
tries.    In  1S91  he  arranged  his  own  syndicate  and 
represented  American  manufacturers  on  a  trip  to 
the  West  Indies.     During  the  ensuing  four  years 
he  made  three  voyages  around  the  world,  visiting 
every   continent,    including   Australasia,   and   was 
very  successful  in  opening  strong  business  connec- 
tions.    Returning  to  New  York  in  1895,  he  estab- 
lished the  export  firm  of  W.  T.  Stevens  &  Co.,  for 
which  he   opened   a   branch   in  Bombay  the   same 
year,  and  at  Cape  Town  and  Port  Elizabeth,  South 
Africa,   the   following   year.      In   1901    he   merged 
the  business  in  the  old  New  York  export  firm  of 
G.  Amsinck  &  Co.,  as  their  South  African  depart- 
ment, with  important  interest  to  himself.     In  1904 
he  severed   his   connection  with   this  concern   and 
joined  the  American  Trading  Co.,  as  manager  and 
partner  in  their  South  African  business.     He  tem- 
porarily abandoned  the  export  trade  in  1906  and 
entered  into   a  business  in  Canadian  farm  lands, 
with  offices  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.    The  following  year, 
however,  he  returned  to  New  York  and  opened  an 
export  department  for  the  Columbia  Eefining  Co. 
In  1908  he  established  independent  export  offices 
in  State  Street,  New  York  City,  and  still  continues 
in  that  relation.     His  house  transacts  business  in 
practically  every  country  in  the  world,  and  he  has 
his  own  offices  at  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  and  Buenos 
Ayres,  Argentina.     He  is  past  president  (1913-14) 
of    the    Circumnavigators'    Club;     vice-president, 
since  1915,  Canadian  Club  of  New  York,  and  mem- 
ber also  of  the  Pan-American  Society,  Pilgrim  So- 
ciety, Asiatic  Society,  India  House,  and  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  in  which  he  is  a  Knight  Templar 
and  Shriner.   He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  shoot- 
ing and  fishing.   He  was  married  (I),  May  8,  1S98, 
to  Marie  Claire,  daughter  of  George  T.  Perkins, 
M.D.,  of  Chestertown,  Mil.;  she  died  in  1913.     He 
was   married    (II)    in   New    York   city,    Jan.    20, 
1915,  to  Anne  Gillaird,  daughter  of  Laurens  Bur- 
ton O  'Bryan,  Esq.,  a  barrister,  etc.  of  Allendale, 
S.  C.    He  has  three  children;  Robert  Tyrie  (1905), 
Walter    Tyrie,   Jr.    (1917),    and   Mary    Elizabeth 
Stevens     (1918).       (Portrait    opposite"  page    87). 
PELZER,  Francis  Joseph,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  Apr.  9,   1826,  son  of  Anton 
Aloys    and    Johanna    M>     (Clarke)     Pelzer.      His 


father,  a  native  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Germany,  and 
a   descendant   of   the   distinguished   Pelzer   family 
of  that  place,  came  to  America  in  his  youth  and 
settled   in   Charleston,   S.   C.,   taught   school   there, 
and  died  while  on   a  visit  to   relatives  in  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  where  he  is  buried.     The  son  began  his 
business    career    in    Charleston    as    clerk    for    his 
brother-in-law   Ebenezer   Henderson  Rodgers,  who 
was  in  the  cotton  factorage  business.     At  the  age 
of    twenty-one    he    entered    into    partnership    with 
E.    H.    Rodgers    under    the   firm    name    of    E.    H. 
Rodgers  &  Co.     After  the  death  of  Mr.  Rodgers  in 
1867,    Mr.    Pelzer    reorganized   the   business   under 
the  firm  name  of  Pelzer,   Rodgers  &   Co.,   taking 
into  co-partnership  Francis  S.  Rodgers,  son  of  his 
former  partner.     The  firm  handled  a  large  part  of 
the  cotton  business  of  Charleston  for  many  years. 
For  half  a  century  Mr.  Pelzer  was  prominent  as  a 
cotton  factor,  anil  for  more  than  thirty-five  years 
he  was   actively   identified   with   cotton   manufac- 
turing  in    South    Carolina,    while    he   was   also    a 
pioneer  in  the  development  of  the  great  fertilizer 
industry  in  that  state  as  founder  and  president  of 
the  Atlantic  Phosphate  Co.     In  1S81  he  organized 
the  Pelzer  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  the  great  cot- 
ton mills  at  Pelzer  in  Anderson  co.,  S.  C.,  stand 
as   a    monument    to    his    enterprise   and    industry. 
The  first  mill  was  built  in  the  following  year,  fol- 
lowed by  Mill  No.  2  in  1885,  Mill  No.  3  in  1887, 
and  Mill  No.  4  in  1895.     The  company  was  origi- 
nally capitalized  at  $400,000  with  Ellison  A.  Smyth 
president.     The    present    capitalization   is   $3,000,- 
000.     The  four  mills  operate  136,000  spindles  and 
employ  1.500  hands,  turning  out  principally  sheet- 
ing, shirtings  and  drills  to  supply  both  the  export 
and   domestic   trade.      The   success   of   this   enter- 
prise was  due  largely  to  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Pelzer, 
who  devoted  years  of  his  time  to  a  close  study  of 
the  cotton  industry,  and  sought  in  many  ways  to 
improve  and  extend  it.     At  the  time  of 'his  death 
he  was  a  director  in  many  other  cotton  mills  in 
South   Carolina,   and   was   associated   with   various 
other    commercial,    industrial    and    financial    con- 
cerns.      His     political     affiliation     was     with     the 
Democratic   party.      He   served   two   terms   as   an 
alderman  of  Charleston,  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  affairs  of  the  city  council  as  chairman  of  the 
wnys  and  means  committee.     For  years  and  at  the 
time  of  his   death   he  was  chairman  of  the  board 
of  commissioners  of  the  Charleston  Orphan  House. 
He   was    a    member   of   the    Methodist    Episcopal 
Church,   South.      No    man    of    his   time   was   more 
intimately     connected     with     the     development     of 
Charleston  and  the  cotton  industry  than  Mr.   Pel- 
zer.    He  was  an  intelligent,  constructive,  and  con- 
servative force  in  the   life   of  the  city,   a  devout 
Christian  and  a  loyal  friend.     He  was  twice  mar- 
ried:    (1)  Apr.  13,  1848,  to  Sarah  Ann,  daughter 
of  William  Keller,  a   planter,   of   Orangeburg   co., 
S.  C. ;   she  died  in  1872,  and   (2)   May  4,  1875,  to 
Mrs.  Eliza  Ford   (de  Saussure)    Mclver,  daughter 
of   Charles   A.    de    Saussure,    of    Charleston,   S.    C. 
His  surviving  children  are:    Francis  J.,  Jr.;   Wil- 
liam Keller;  Arthur;  Eliza  de  Saussure,  who  mar- 
ried Arthur  A.  Lynah,  of  Charleston,  S.  C. ;   and 
Sarah  Louise  Pelzer.     He  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C., 
Mar.  31,  1916. 

DOWDEN,  William  Edgar,  merchant,  was 
born  near  Marshall,  Mo.,  July  11,  1865,  son  of 
William  Fulks  and  Sarah  Louise  (Neville)  Dow- 
den.  His  first  American  ancestor  was  Zachariah 
Dowden,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  came  over  to  the 
colonies  in  1748  and  settled  in  Montgomery  county, 
Maryland.  William  F.  Dowden  was  a  farmer  and 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Saline  cminty,  Mo. ;  he  served 


W.  TYRIE  STEVENS 
MERCHANT 


FRANCIS  J.  PELZER 
MERCHANT 


WILLIAM  E.  DOWDEN 
MERCHANT 


ROBERT  S.  NEBLETT 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


87 


throughout  the  civil  war  in  the  Confederate  army. 
The  son  received  an  academic  educ.ition,  and  be- 
gan his  business  career  in  1883  in  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  with  the  Horner,  Rhoades  and  Hubbs  Dry 
Goods  Co.  Shortly  afterward  he  accepted  a  po- 
sition as  traveling  salesman  with  Messrs.  Tootle 
Hanna  of  Kansas  City,  which  firm  later  became 
Burnham,  Hanna,  Hunger  &  Co.  He  severed  his 
connection  with  this  company  in  1889,  and  went 
with  the  Wear-Boogher  Dry  Goods  Co.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  remaining  with  this  firm  until  1895,  when  he 
accepted  a  position  with  the  Ely,  Walker  Dry 
Goods  Co.  of  St.  Louis.  Four  years  later  the  Fer- 
guson, McKinney  Dry  Goods  Co.  was  organized, 
Mr.  Dowden  becoming  one  of  the  members  of  the 
firm,  with  which  he  was  associated  until  1911,  when 
he  sold  his  interests,  and  became  manager  in  Kan- 
sas, with  residence  at  Emporia,  for  the  Rice-Stix 
Wholesale  Dry  Goods  Co.  of  St.  Louis.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  also  connected  with  a 
chain  of  dry-goods  stores  in  Kansas.  Mr.  Dowden 
established  many  modern  methods  in  merchandising 
previously  unknown  to  that  section.  As  a  business 
man  he  exemplified  those  qualities  which  are  re- 
garded as  particularly  American.  He  was  one 
of  the  notably  successful  merchants  of  Kansas, 
and  in  his  death  the  state  lost  a  man  through  whose 
foresight  and  organizing  capabilities  the  entire 
state  profited.  Mr.  Dowden  was  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  a  Knight  Templar  and  a 
Shriner.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  he 
belonged  to  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He 
had  a  summer  home  at  La  .Tolla,  in  Southern  Cal- 
ifornia, where  his  favorite  diversion  was  fishing. 
He  was  married  Nov.  23,  1886,  to  Mary  Hender- 
son, daughter  of  William  J.  Wallace  of  Black- 
burn, Mo.,  who  survived  him  with  two  daughters: 
Edith  Ottilie,  wife  of  Raymond  Low  of  San  Diego, 
Cal.,  and  Abigail  Wallace,  wife  of  James  S.  Eaton 
of  Wichita,  Kan.  He  died  at  San  Diego,  Calif., 
Apr.  5,  1917. 

NEBLETT,  Robert  Scott,  lawyer,  was  born  ic 
Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  Mar.  16,  1855,  son  of  W.  T.  and 
Lizzie  (Scott)  Neblett.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Mississippi,  and  a  lawyer,  removed  to  Corsicana, 
Tex.,  in  1857,  but  returned  to  Grimes  co.  during 
the  war  between  the  states.  Robert  Scott  Neblett 
began  his  education  in  public  schools,  subsequently 
entering  Trinity  University.  He  studied  law  at 
Navasota,  Tex.,  under  Judge  John  B.  Kennard; 
was  admitted  to  the  Texas  bar  in  the  same  year, 
1877,  and  at  the  beginning  of  1878  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Corsieana,  forming 
a  partnership  with  Rufus  Hardy,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Hardy  &  Neblett.  For  years,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  he  was  attorney  for  the  Cotton 
Belt  and  the  Texas  &  Houston  Central  Railway 
companies.  Notwithstanding  the  demands  of  a 
busy  practice  he  found  time  to  serve  in  various 
posts  of  trust  and  responsibility.  He  was  mayor 
of  Corsicana  during  1885-88;  chairman  of  the 
school  board  during  1899-1905 ;  represented  Na- 
varro  county  in  the  state  legislature  in  1907,  de- 
clining a  second  term;  was  chairman  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  Texas  State  Orphans '  Home 
in  1911,  and  was  chairman  of  the  county  draft 
board  during  the  European  war.  His  dominating 
personal  characteristic  was  patriotism ;  this  im- 
pelled him  to  loyal  service  in  various  capacities 
during  the  European  war,  and  he  gave  liberally 
to  many  war  charities.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar,  Texas  State  Bar,  and  Navarro 
County  Bar  associations.  He  found  his  chief  re- 
creation in  reading.  He  was  first  and  foremost  a 
lawyer,  and  to  his  chosen  profession  gave  all  the 


strength  and  force  of  his  mind.  He  was  a  most 
diligent  and  untiring  student  of  law,  and  his 
familiarity  with  the  reported  decisions  of  the 
higher  courts  was  very  extensive.  His  greatest 
forte  was  the  preparation  of  the  record  and  the 
briefing  of  a  case  on  appeal.  As  a  Mason  he  re- 
ceived all  the  York  Rite  degrees,  and  was  pro- 
foundly versed  in  its  mystic  philosophy.  He  was 
for  several  years  master  of  the  lodge  at  Corsicana ; 
served  as  district  deputy  grand  master,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  Masonic  jurispru- 
dence in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Texas.  He  was  a 
scholar  and  an  earnest  student  of  literature  ami 
science,  and  especially  scientific  biology  and  bio- 
logical research,  being  a  closo  student  of  the  works 
of  Darwin,  Spencer,  Huxley,  Haeckel,  and  others, 
and  was  a  life  member  of  the  National  Geographi- 
cal Society,  to  which  he  was  very  much  devoted. 
Politically  a  Democrat,  he  adhered  unswervingly  to 
the  principles  of  that  party.  He  was  married  at 
Hearne,  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  Nov.  25,  1879,  to 
Mattie  C.,  daughter  of  A.  J.  Yeater,  an  Episco- 
pal minister,  of  Hearne;  she  survived  him,  with 
three  children:  Conger  Neblett,  Corsicana,  Tex.; 
Roberta,  who  is  Mrs.  Winston  Hall,  Denver,  Colo., 
and  Robert  S.  Neblett,  Jr.,  Corsicana.  He  died 
at  Temple,  Tex.,  Jan.  18,  1918. 

EMBRY,  Talton,  III,  live-stock  commission 
merchant  and  capitalist,  was  born  near  Richmond, 
Madison  co.,  Ky.,  June  5,  1860,  son  of  Talton, 
II,  and  Martha  (Foster)  Embry.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  presumably  John 
Embry,  who  came  from  North  Wales,  and  is  regis- 
tered at  Jamestown,  Va.,  among  the  first  settlers 
of  America.  Talton  Embry,  III,  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  and  in  his  youth  worked  on 
his  father's  farm,  which  he  and  his  brother,  Joel 
Embry,  purchased  in  1870.  In  1879  his  father 
removed  to  Covington,  Ky.,  and  in  that  year  the 
subject  joined  him  in  the  live-stock  commission 
business  in  Cincinnati,  O.  He  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  the  latter  city  in  1882,  the  father  re- 
turning to  Louisville  the  following  year.  He  then 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  John 
Embry,  under  the  firm  style  of  Talton  Embry  & 
Co.,  which  relation  continued  until  John  Embry 
sold  his  interest  to  Thomas  M.  Greene,  when  the 
firm  became  The  Greene  &  Embry  Co.,  in  1887. 
In  191.T  it  was  incorporated  as  The  Greene,  Embry 
Co.,  of  which  he  was  vice-president  until  the  be- 
ginning of  1916,  when  he  succeeded  to  the  presi- 
dency. Considered  one  of  the  best  informed  and 
most  astute  stock  men  in  the  country,  especially 
renowned  as  a  sheep  expert,  his  name  became  cele- 
brated in  live-stock  circles,  and  he  was  instru- 
mental in  building  stock  yards  at  Wichita,  Kan.; 
Indianapolis,  Evansville  and  La  Fayette,  Ind. ; 
Peoria,  111.;  Cleveland  and  Dayton,  6.;  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. ;  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  and  Havana,  Cuba,  es- 
tablishing commission  firms  at  most  of  these  yards, 
being  president  or  vice-president  of  many  of  them, 
and  a  director  in  others.  Aside  from  the  live- 
stock business  he  was  vice-president  of  the  Stock 
Yards  Bank  of  Cincinnati  from  its  organization, 
and  was  one  of  the  first  Americans  to  engage  in 
sugar  refining  in  Mexico,  where  he  also  owned 
thousands  of  acres  of  land.  He  was  formerly 
a  director  in  the  Cincinnati  chamber  of  commerce; 
was  a  life  member  of  the  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks,  and  held  membership  also  in 
the  Business  Men's  and  Hamilton  County  Golf 
clubs,  Cincinnati.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Walnut  Hills  Christian  Church,  and  his  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He 
was  a  great  factor  in  upbuilding  the  civic  and 


gg  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPJEUIA 

commercial  interests  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  known  in  1862  he  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant, 
among  his  associates  as  a  genial  and  most  loyal  'company  I,  2d  regiment,  Illinois  light  artillery 
friend.  Charitable  to  a  marked  degree,  his  prompt,  volunteers,  subsequently  being  promoted  to  senior 


gether   charming.      - _    „ 

tained  a  genuine  loss,  and  the  live-stock  mart  of  Miss.,   and  in  the  battle  of   Stone  s   River,   later 

the   country   one   of   its   acknowledged   authorities,  serving   under    Gen.   John   Rope,   on   garrison   and 

He  demonstrated  that  it  is  possible  to  attain  sue-  frontier    duty,    guarding   the    overland    mail,    etc. 

cess    and  yet  be  just   and   righteous  in   all   deal-  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Fort   Leaven- 

ines    uncompromisingly  fair,  square  and  truthful,  worth  in  1865.   He  immediately  entered  his  father 's 

He  was  married  at  Fort  Worth,   Tex.,  Apr.    17,  business,  to  which  he  later  succeeded.     Removing 

ISM:,   to  Susan,  daughter  of  Charlton  Hunt  Higbee,  to  Pana,  111.,  he  engaged  in  the  banking  business 

banker      cattleman     and    ranch     owner    of     Fort  during  1867-79.     He  served  as  mayor  of  Pana  dur- 

Worth    Tex  ;  she  survived  him,  with  one  son,  Tal-  ing    1893-95,    and    during    his    administration    the 

ton  Hio-bee   of  the  firm  of  The  Greene,  Embry  Co.  Pana  waterworks  were  built.     In  1899  he  removed 

He  died  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  .Inly  9,  1916.  his  business  headquarters  to  Indianapolis,  where  he 


.'the   service    of   the   Southern    Express  Co.,    as    in  his  latter  years  for  pleasure. 


what   was   subsequently    the   Atlantic    Coast   Line    Sons  of  the  Revolution    Society  of  Colonial  \\ars 


±jrt  icr      i-ic      »  uiuii  iiii  11  »       i  c  H-LOVI     J-  f  j-,-,  -»  »•        -t  -uj.  _CT~\ 

held  with  Plant  and  settled  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  where  Pana,  111.,  ,n  1S6X,  to  Clara  M     daughter  of 

until  his  death  he  was  a  dominant  factor  in  va-  hngton  Turnbolt,  of  Decatur,  111.     They  had  MX 

rious  commercial,   industrial   and  financial  under-  children:      Beza    Thomas     Lucian    Pascal    Clara 

takings.     He  never  took  an  active  or  conspicuous  Turnbolt,  Susan  Lydia,  wife  of  Karl  Schneider, 

part  hi  Bublic  matters,  but  was  interested  in  any  Eugenia,  and  Kvadne,  wife  of  Freeman  H.  Hibben. 

movement   to   promote   the   political,   financial,   or  Readied  at  hi^s  summer  home  at  Marblehead      eek, 

dated  f^Msyouftup^th^some  of \h7tadfag  '   BROWN     William   Harrison     merchant,   was 

builders  of  the  new  South,  and  for  many  years  he  born  in  Philadelphia,   Pa.,  Get    22,   1848,   son  of 

held   a   leading  position   in   the   financial   life   of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Errmger)  Brown,  and  brother 

Augusta.      He  was   a   communicant    of   the   First  of  the  wife  of  John  Wanamaker   (qv.).     He  was 

Baptist    Church,    Augusta.      He    found    his    chief  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  Phila- 

recreation  in  reading  and  motoring.     He  was  mar-  delphia.     His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was 

ried    at    Augusta,    Ga.,   Dec.    17,    1872,    to   Anna,  Thomas  Brown,  a  tea-merchant    who  came  to  this 

daughter   of   John   M.    Clark,   a   merchant   of   Au-  country  from  England,  and  settled  at  Philadelphia 

gusta;  she  survives  him,  with  two  children:  Effie,  date  unknown.   William   H.    Brown  was   educated 

who  became  the  wife  of  Joseph  Chndwick,  Jr.,  New-  at  private  schools  in  Philadelphia  and  began  hia 

burgh,  N.  Y.,  and  John  Clark  Jack,  a  farm  owner,  business  career  in  that  city  as  a  commission  mer 

of  Augusta.     He  died  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  Sept.  28,  chant,  in  1868.     In  1883  he  moved  to  New  lork 

19I7    '  city,  where  he  established  himself  in  the  mercan- 

'  HAYWARD,    William    Eugene,    soldier   and  tile  business  in  which  he  was  active  until  a  few 

capitalist,   was   born   at    Hillsboro,   111.,   July   23,  weeks  before  his  death.     He  was  the  founder  ot 

1842,  son  of  John  Shaw  and  Harriett  Fuller  (Com-  the  house  of  W.  H.  Brown,  Sou  &  Co.,  importers 

stock)   Hayward.     His  earliest  paternal  American  of   dress   goods,   with   oflices  in   lower   Broadway, 

ancestor   was   Thomas   Hayward,  who   came   from  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Pennsylvania 

England  in  the  same  vessel"  with  John  Ames,  settled  Society  in  New  York,  and  at  the  time  or.  1 

in  Duxbury,  Mass.,  prior  to  1638,  and  was  among  was  a  member  ot  the  council  of  that  society,  after 

the    original   proprietors   and   earliest    settlers   of  having   served   as   its   vice-president.      In    politics 

Bridgewater,  Mass.     From  him  the  line  of  descent  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  he  was  a  member  ot  the 

is  traced  through  his  son  Nathaniel  and  his  wife,  Presbyterian   Church,   although    not   a   s 

Hannah  Willis f  their  sou  Nathaniel;   his  sou  Jo-  tarian.     His   clubs  were:   Merchants  ,  Lotos    and 

siah  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Kinsey;  their  sou  Nathan  Automobile.     He  was  a  so  a  member  of  the  Mer- 

and  his  wife,  Susanna  Latham,  to  their  son  Beza  chants'  Association  and  a  trustee  of   the  Metr 

and    his   wife,    Experience    Shaw,    who    were    the  politan  Bank  of  New  York  city.     He  was  twice 

grandparents  of  William  Eugene  Hayward.     Beza  married:   (1)  September,  1869    to  Sarah    daughter 

Hayward  was  representative,  senator  and  councilor  of     William     Sanderson     of     I  nladelphia  ^   Mrs. 
and  fo 
mouth, 
his  edu 

tary  school   in   Hartford,   Conn.,   and   at   Antioch 

College,  Yellow  Springs,  O.     Before  he  could  enter  July  20,  1917. 
the  business  world,  the  war  broke  out,  and  early        TALFOURD,  William  Daniels,  merchant  and 


TALTON    EMBRY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


89 


banker,  was  born  at  Ridgeway,  Orleans  eo.,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  8  1823,  son  of  David  and  Mariam  (Daniels) 
Talt'ourd.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Ridgeway  and  at  nineteen  went  to  Michigan.  Af- 
ter teaching  school  for  several  years  he  began  his 
imsiness  career  in  the  service  of  Seward  Wilcox,  a 
merchant  of  Adrian,  rising  rapidly  until  lie  became 
a  member  of  the  firm.  In  1850  he  began  an  inde- 
pendent career  as  a  merchant  at  Grand  Rapids.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  initial  directors  and  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  Grand  Rapids  Savings  Bank,  and  he 
was  connected  with  various  other  financial,  com- 
mercial and  industrial  institutions.  He  loved 
Grand  Rapids,  was  proud  of  the  remarkable  de- 
velopment which  had  made  it  one  of  the  great 
manufacturing  centers  of  the  world,  in  which  he 
played  so  distinguished  yet  modest  a  part,  and  he 
had  confidence  in  the  future  of  that  city  as  a  com- 
mercial and  industrial  center.  His  discernment  in 
anticipating  needs  and-  demands  in  the  furtherance 
of  constructive  enterprise  was  especially  note- 
worthy. With  others  he  laid  the  foundations  for 
the  future  growth  and  development  of  the  Baptist 
cause  in  that  section,  and  was  for  forty  years  a 
trustee  of  Fountain  Street  Baptist  Church,  Grand 
Rapids.  He  was  married  Sept.  6,  1848,  to  Cordelia 
Louise,  daughter  of  Deacon  Lorrin  Chapin,  of  Hud- 
son, Mich.;  she  died  in  1892.  There  are  two  surviv- 
ing children :  Florence  Louise  and  Ella  Josephine 
Talfourd.  Mr.  Talfourd  died  at  Ogunquit,  Me., 
Sept.  15,  1915. 

SCOTT,  John  Frederick,  coffee  broker,  was 
born  in  New  York  City,  May  27,  1841,  son  of 
William  and  Louisa  C.  (Hoyt)  Scott.  His  earliest 
known  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Joseph 
Scott,  of  Providence  and  New  York,  who  died  in 
Philadelphia  in  1782.  Joseph  was  married  in  1738, 
to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henricus  Van  der  Spiegle 
and  Annetjie  Provost,  the  latter  a  daughter  of 
David  Provost,  2d,  of  New  York,  attorney  to  the 
court  of  burgomeisters  in  1694.  From  them  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son.  Joseph 
and  his  wife  Mary  Morgan;  to  their  son  John  Van 
der  Spiegel  Scott  and  his  wife  Susan  Haight,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  John  F.  Scott.  Joseph 
Scott  (I)  went  to  London,  England,  in  1753, 
where  he  remained  until  1766.  John  Yen  der 
Spiegel  Scott,  grandfather  of  the  subject,  became 
judge  of  the  Greeire  county  (N.  ~Y.)  courts.  He 
was  married  in  1796  .at  Athens,  N.  Y.,  at  the  home 
of  his  wife's  brother,  Gen.  Sam.  Haight.  On  the 
maternal  side  John  F.  Scott  was  a  grandson  of 
James  Isaac  Hoyt,  of  the  celebrated  New  Y'ork 
firm  -of  Gould,  Hoyt  &  Co.  William  iScott,  his 
father,  began  his  business  career  in*  the_shipping 
offices  of  his  borther-in-law,  William  Whitloek,  Jr., 
New  York  city.  In  1848  he  established  the  coffee 
brokerage  firm  which  afterwards  was  known  as 
William  Scott  &  Sons,  as  his  two  sons,  James  and 
John  F.,  became  his  partners.  But  the  one  great 
interest  of  his  life  was  that  of  church  extension. 
Aside  from  his  devotion  to  his  own  parish  church, 
Calvary  Church,  New  York,  he  entered  with  eager- 
ness into  the  establishment  of  "St.  Paul's  Within 
the  Walls,"  the  first  Protestant  church  in  the  city 
of  Rome,  Italy,  and  of  which  he>  was  one  of  the 
wardens,  as  well  as  of  Holy  Trinity  Church,  in 
Paris,  and  also  of  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  also  a  charter 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Cathedral 
of  St.  John  the  Divine,  New  York  City;  and  was 
an  early  member  of  the  Union  Club,  New  York. 
John  F.  Scott'  received  his  education  at  the  Col- 
lege of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  early  became 
associated  with  his  father  in  the  coffee  business, 


in  which  he  became  a  partner  in  1864.  Upon  the 
organization  of  the  New  York  Coffee  Exchange,  in 
1882,  he  was  elected  treasurer,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death,  with  the  exception  of  two 
years  when  he  served  as  president.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  trustee  of  the  Bowery  Savings 
Bank.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Union  League 
and  Metropolitan  clubs,  New  York  City.  He  was 
married  May  30,  1866,  to  Emily  A.,  daughter  of 
Edward  Willis,  a  member  of  the  old  New  York 
family  of  that  name.  She  survived  him.  Six 
children  also  survived  him:  William  Sherman,  a 
member  of  New  York  Stock  Exchange;  John 
Frederick,  a  ival  estate  broker;  Emily  W. ; 
Loaiisa  Hoyt,  who  married  Edward  K.  Van  Win- 
kle; Edward  W.,  who  lost  his  life  at  Ronnsoy, 
France,  Sept.  29,  1918,  in  the  assault  on  the  "  Hiii- 
denburg  Line, ' '  when  his  bravery  and  high  quali- 
ties of  leadership  won  for  him  the  distinguished 
service  cross;  and  Arthur  Cleveland  Scott,  (1S84). 
John  F.  Scott  died  in  New  York  city  Dee.  25, 
1895. 

SMITH,  John,  pioneer  preacher,  was  born  in 
Sullivan  county,  East  Tennessee,  Oct.  15,  1784, 
son  of  George  and  Rebecca  (Bowen)  Smith.  His 
father  was  the  only  child  of  German  parents  who 
came  to  Virginia  iu  17)55,  and  being  early  left  an 
orphan  was  reared  in  the  family  of  Col.  Buchanan 
of  Botetourt  county.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution,  George  Smith  left  his  farm  in  the 
care  of  his  wife  and  sons,  shouldered  his  musket 
and  went  to  take-  part  in  the  struggle  for  inde- 
pendence. He  was  a  zealous  member  of  the  strict- 
est sect  of  the  Baptists,  who  had  been  bitterly 
persecuted  in  Virginia  before  the  Revolution,  and 
finding  at  the  close  of  the  war  that  proscription 
for  opinion's  sake  was  not  yet  at  an  end,  decided 
to  emigrate  to  the  rich  wilds  of  the  West.  Ac- 
cordingly, he  set  out  with  his  family  in  1784  and 
late  in  that  same  year  our  subject  was  born  in  a 
cabin  in  East  Tennessee.  It  was  not  until  1795, 
however,  that  the  family  reached  its  final  destina- 
tion in  the  wilderness  of  Clinton  county,  Ky., 
where  enough  rich  land  was  taken  up  to  secure 
it  against  future.  The  education  of  her  chil- 
dren lay  heavy  on  the  mother's  heart,  for  she 
alone  must  teach  them,  with  the  Testament  as  her 
only  textbook.  Thus  the  voting  John's  mind 
' '  drew  all  its  nourishment  from  the  Book  of 
Books,  and  in  his  knowledge  of  Scriptures  lay  the 
foundation  of  all  his  greatness,  the  secret  of  his 
influence  and  power."  So  alert  and  eager  was 
his  mind  that  "even  as  he  played  and  hunted  with 
the  Cherokee  Indians,  he  learned  their  language 
and  kept  it  through  life,  the  only  modern  lan- 
guage he  ever  acquired.  Night  after  night,  by 
the  light  of  his  blazing  pine  knots  he  toiled  alone 
at  some  difficult  problem,  till  the  night  itself  was 
gone."  Later,  when  public  land  in  Alabama  was 
thrown  into  the  market,  he  removed  to  that  state 
and  by  1814  owned  a  comfortable  farm  near 
Huntsville,  which  provided  a  living  for  his  fam- 
ily, while  he  preached  practically  without  remu- 
neration, as  was  the  custom  among  the  Baptists. 
He  had  been  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1808  on 
the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  but  when, 
during  his  absence,  his  Alabama  home  was  burned 
to  the  ground,  with  his  children  in  it,  and  his 
young  wife  died  of  grief,  the  harsh  doctrine  of 
predestination  left  him  forever,  and  that  was  the 
real  beginning  of  his  career.  Returning  to  Mont- 
gomery county,  Ky.,  he  was  so  troubled  by  the 
controversies  of  the  various  sects  of  Baptists  that 
he  threw  himself  into  the  reformation  startrd  by 
Thomas  and  Alexander  Campbell,  hoping  to  abol- 


0(1 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


ish  creeds  and  unite  all  in  one  Christian  Church. 
This  movement  resulted  only  in  the  formation  of 
another  Protestant  denomination,  now  a  large  and 
influential  body  called  the  Church  of  the  Disciples, 
which  freely  accords  to  Elder  John  Smith  the  dis- 
tinction and  veneration  of  being  one  of  its  found- 
ers. He  was  a  preacher  of  great  power,  present- 
ing the  Gospel  in  all  the  majesty  of  truth,  so 
that  ' '  when  the  people  could  not  find  seats  to  hear 
him,  or  places  to  stand,  they  climbed  the  trees 
close  by,  and  the  very  saplings  swayed  with  people 
eager  to  see  and  hear. ' '  Of  his  work  in  Kentucky 
it  is  said:  "He  did  a  work  there  which  no  other 
could  have  accomplished. ' '  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried: (1)  in  1806,  to  Anna  Towusend;  of  her 
sorrowful  death  and  that  of  her  children  men- 
tion has  already  been  made;  he  was  married  (2), 
Dec.  25,  1817,  to  Nancy  Hurt,  a  Kentucky  girl  of 
substantial  family;  there  were  eleven  children  of 
this  marriage,  four  of  whom  survived:  Jonathan, 
merchant,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  Maria  McDonald, 
wife  of  James  A.  J.  Lee,  banker,  of  Kentucky; 
Emily,  wife  of  Albert  Bingo,  banker,  of  Mexico, 
Mo.;"  and  Mary  Vance  Smith,  wife  of  Bobert 
S.  Steele,  merchant,  of  Mexico,  Mo.  Elder  Smith 
died  at  Mexico,  Mo.,  Feb.  28,  1868. 

SCHNEIDER,  Nathaniel  Churchill,  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Hamilton,  Canada,  Nov. 
1,  1839,  son  of  John  and  Bhoda  (Churchill) 
Schneider.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  suffered 
financial  reverses,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
Nathaniel  Churchill  Schneider  left  home  for  the 
United  States  to  carve  out  his  own  fortunes.  After 
studying  for  a  time  at  Baldwin  University,  Berea, 
O.,  he  took  up  the  study  of  homeopathic  medicine 
at  Cleveland  Medical  College,  where  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1864.  Subsequently  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Cleveland.  Surgery  was 
a  passion  with  him,  and  he  was  soon  heralded  as 
an  authority  among  his  professional  brethren  in 
the  city  of  his  adoption.  In  1S67  he  was  given  a 
chair  in  surgery  at  Cleveland  Medical  College,  of 
which  he  became  dean  in  1874.  For  sixteen  years 
(1867-83)  he  was  surgeon  to  the  Lake  Shore  and 
Michigan  Southern  railroad,  and  through  his 
efforts  the  railroad  for  many  years  supported  about 
ten  beds  in  the  Huron  Street  Hospital.  He  took 
post-graduate  work  in  Europe  in  1S73  and  1883, 
while  each  year  he  spent  much  time  in  New  York, 
attending  clinics  and  lectures.  He  was  past  vice- 
president  and  had  held  various  other  offices  in  the 
Institute  of  Homeopathy,  and  was  a  member  and 
one  time  president  of  the  State  Medical  School, 
in  the  interest  of  which  he  worked  zealously.  He 
was  surgeon  of  the  First  City  Troop.  As  a  high- 
principled  follower  of  his  calling,  he  was  a  man 
who  never  lowered  his  standard,  but  sought  to 
utilize  every  opportunity  not  only  for  the  advance- 
ment of  his  own  skill  but  for  general  progress  in 
surgical  and  medical  science.  Such  was  the  regard 
and  esteem  for  him  personally  that  his  friendship 
was  prized  by  all  who  knew  him,  and  most  of  all 
by  the  men  of  strong  intelligence  and  broad  out- 
look who  are  the  best  judges  of  life's  values. 
Among  his  intimates  were  many  of  the  most 
eminent  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  country, 
who  valued  him  as  a  man  and  honored  him  as  a 
professional  peer.  His  home  life  was  ideal.  He 
was  married  in  Cleveland,  O.,  Sept.  25,  1867,  to 
Elizabeth  Augusta,  daughter  of  Balph  Pratt 
Myers,  of  that  city.  He  died  in  Cleveland,  Feb. 
4,  1805. 

CREGO,  Floyd  Stranahan,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Trumansburg,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
24,  1856,  son  of  Bussell  and  Alvaline  (Marsters) 


Crego.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  John  and 
Mary  Marsters.  His  father,  a  merchant  of  Colum- 
bus, N.  Y.,  was  distinguished  by  sound  business 
traits  and  staunch  integrity.  The  first  of  the 
family  in  America  was  Eben  Crego,  who  came 
from  Utrecht,  Holland,  about  1647,  settling  at 
New  Amsterdam.  His  great  grandson,  Abrani 
Crego  (1757-1842)  married  Mary  White;  their  son 
John  Stranahan  married  Polly  Andrews,  and  they 
were  the  grandparents  of  Dr.  Crego.  Prominent 
among  these  ancestors  was  Abram  Crego,  who  was 
a  member  of  the  Colonial  army  during  the  Bevo- 
lutiori,  and  fought  in  the  battle  of  Bennington. 
Floyd  S.  Crego  was  educated  for  his  profession  in 
the  most  thorough  manner.  He  studied  in  early 
life  at  the  Albany  Academy,  and  later  attended 
the  University  of  Heidelberg  and  the  C'arlsruhe 
Polytechnic  School  in  Germany  acquiring  a  per- 
fect command  of  the  German  lanquage.  Beturn- 
ing,  he  entered  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and 
there  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1879. 
He  was  at  once  appointed  to  the  Good  Samaritan 
Hospital  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  in  1881  became 
assistant  physician  at  the  State  Hospital,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  served  until  1885.  In  1883  he 
established  the  chair  of  nervous  diseases  at  the 
medical  department  of  Niagara  University,  before 
it  was  absorbed  by  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Buffalo,  and  was  prominent  as  a 
neurologist  at  that  time.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  lecturer  and  writer  on  insanity  and  nervous 
and  brain  diseases,  and  under  his  direction  the 
study  of  the  nervous  system  became  one  of  the 
leading  branches  of  medical  training.  Dr.  Crego 
was  connected  with  the  various  hospitals  of  Buf- 
falo as  a  specialist  in  his  chosen  field.  He  figured 
in  some  of  the  most  prominent  cases  in  the  courts, 
testifying  not  only  in  criminal  actions  but  also  in 
civil  law-suits  for  damages  for  injuries.  His  ad- 
vice was  sought  by  various  notable  people  of  the 
country,  as  well  as  by  leading  lawyers,  who  de- 
pended upon  his  knowledge  of  the  nervous  system 
to  aid  them.  In  criminal  cases  in  Buffalo  he  had 
frequently  been  retained  by  the  district  attorney, 
and  often  by  the  defense  where  insanity  was  the 
plea  of  the  defendant.  To  him  was  referred  the 
examination  as  to  the  sanity  of  Leon  Czolgosz,  the 
anarchist  assassin  of  Pres.  McKinley  in  1901. 
During  the  war  with  Spain,  Dr.  Crego  was  sur- 
geon of  the  4th  brigade,  New  York  state  volun- 
teers, and  was  stationed  at  Camp  Townsend,  N.  Y., 
where  he  served  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
until  his  command  was  mustered  out.  His  dis- 
position was  somewhat  retiring,  but  he  was  genial, 
friendly  and  kind-hearted.  He  was  especially  help- 
ful to  young  medical  students,  and  there  were 
many  others  who  were  indebted  to  him  for  in- 
numerable kindnesses,  encouragement  and  assist- 
ance. He  was  married,  May  26,  1885,  to  Kather- 
ine  W.,  daughter  of  Henry  Childs,  iron  manufac- 
turer of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  had  three  living  chil- 
dren: Floyd  Harry,  assistant  manager  Travelers 
Insurance  Co.,  Bridgeport,  Conn.;  Bichard  Childs 
and  George  S.  Crego.  The  two  latter  were  (1919) 
with  the  army  occupation  in  Europe.  He  died  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  April  23,  1919. 

STEVENS,  James  Paul,  railroad  executive, 
was  born  at  Peru,  Ind.,Dec.  28, 18S5,  son  of  George 
Walter  and  Virginia  (Wilson)  Stevens,  and  grand- 
son of  James  S.  and  Julia  (Penn)  Stevens.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Utica,  O.,  was  president  of  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  and  the  Hocking  Valley  Bail- 
road.  After  receiving  a  private  school  education 
the  son  entered  the  service  of  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  Bailroad  Co.  as  telegraph  operator,  and  served 


*  \\  4xje>^-«-^^^>o 


>N       ._.    DDELL 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


91 


successively  as  train  dispatcher  at  Richmond,  Va. 
and  Hinton,  W.  Va. ;  chief  dispatcher  at  Coving- 
ton,  Ky. ;  superintendent  at  C'ovington  during  1908- 
10;  general  superintendent  at  Covington,  Ky., 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  and 
finally  in  1916  general  manager  of  the  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  system,  remaining  in  that  position  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church.  His  chief  recreation  was  golf.  He 
was  perhaps  the  youngest  man  who  ever  occupied 
the  position  of  general  manager  of  a  railroad  sys- 
tem as  important  as  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio.  He 
had  the  respect  and  affection  of  all  employes,  and 
was  enabled  to  obtain  cooperation  to  a  remarkable 
degree;  his  ability  in  solving  transportation  prob- 
lems was  unusual.  He  was  married  at  Covington, 
Ky.,  Feb.  18th,  1908,  to  Louise  Simrall,  who  sur- 
vived him  with  one  child:  .1.  Paul  Stevens,  Jr. 
James  Paul  Stevens  died  at  Fort  Mitchell,  Ky., 
Dec.  9,  1918. 

PATTERSON,  Samuel  Sharpless,  banker  and 
fruit  grower,  was  born  near  Tippeeanoe,  Fayette 
CO.,  Pa.,  Jan.  8,  1855,  son  of  William  G.  and  Edith 
(Nichols)  Patterson.  His  earliest  paternal  Amer- 
ican ancestor  was  William  G.  Patterson,  who  came 
from  England  in  the  eighteenth  century  and  settled 
at  Chester,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
district  schools.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father 
he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  of  Tippeeanoe, 
a  position  he  filled  for  many  years.  In  1899  he 
relinquished  farming  and  removed  to  Uniontown, 
the  county  seat,  where  he  served  a  term  as  county 
commissioner  and  for  two  years  was  trust  officer 
of  the  Citizens '  Title  and  Trust  Co.  While  acting 
as  county  commissioner  he  originated  a  bill  to 
lessen  the  cost  of  court  trials,  which  passed  the 
Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1901,  and  he  was  the 
father  of  other  money-saving  devices  for  the 
county,  including  a  "delinquent  costs  docket."  In 
1905  'he  removed  to  Riverside,  Cal.,  where  he  pur- 
chased an  orange  grove  and  acquired  valuable 
realty  interests,  among  them  a  half  interest  in  the 
largest  office  building  in  Riverside.  In  politics  he 
was  an  old  line  Republican  and  was  the  last 
county  chairman  of  his  party  in  Pennsylvania. 
On  one  occasion  he  ran  for  the  Pennsylvania  legis- 
lature, but,  owing  to  a  breakdown  in  health,  he 
was  unable  to  give  his  campaign  the  necessary 
attention.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  politics 
in  California.  An  able  public  speaker,  he  was 
often  called  upon  to  speak  at  political  and  other 
gatherings.  He  was  interested  in  genealogy  and 
gathered  considerable  data  for  a  history  of  the 
Sharpless  family.  Mr.  Patterson  was  a  man  of 
large  intelligence,  firm  and  decided  in  his  con- 
victions, tenacious  in  his  friendships  and  con- 
sistently faithful  to  the  highest  standards  of 
ethics  and  citizenship.  He  was  endowed  with  an 
impressive  personality,  a  gift  of  easy,  jovial  con- 
versation, and  a  faculty  of  winning  and  retaining 
the  friendship  of  all  who  came  into  contact  with 
him.  For  some  time  he  was  chairman  of  the 
Republican  Club  of  Riverside,  and  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Society  of  Riverside, 
a  Mason  and  Knight  Templar.  Mr.  Patterson  was 
married  at  Woodward,  la.,  in  1905,  to  R.  Belle, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Newell,  of  Woodward.  He 
died  at  Riverside,  Calif.,  May  11,  1914. 

LIBDELL,  Vinton,  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Erie,  Pa.;  Oct.  5,  1859,  son  of  Walter  J.  F.  and 
Anna  (Brubaker)  Liddell.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  in  1875,  where  his 
father  founded  the  Liddell  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
in.'ichinery.  Vintou  Liddell  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  Rochester,  N.  Y.  For 


several  years  he  was  associated  with  his  father 
and  brothers  in  the  machinery  business,  and  after 
conducting  an  independent  business  for  a  short 
period  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  returned  to  Charlotte 
in  1890,  dividing  his  time  between  that  city,  and 
Great  Harrington,  Mass.,  where  he  maintained  a 
summer  residence,  and  in  foreign  travel.  He  had 
served  as  president  of  the  Highland  Park  Manu- 
faeuring  Co.,  operating  the  well  known  gingham 
mill  at  Charlotte,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was 
vice  president  of  the  Elizabeth  mills,  though  he 
had  practically  retired  from  active  business  cares 
as  early  as  1900.  He  was  a  charter  member  and 
third  president  of  the  Southern  Manufacturers' 
Club,  Charlotte.  He  preferred  a  quiet  life,  and 
while  he  loved  his  friends,  of  whom  he  had 
scores,  it  was  in  his  domestic  circle  that  he 
fun  IK  I  his  greatest  happiness.  He  was  a  man  in 
whom  were  blended  the  highest,  purest  quali- 
ties. Loyal,  generous,  honorable  and  magnani- 
mous in  all  things,  he  displayed  that  courage 
which  no  danger  could  daunt,  the  intellectual 
power  which  commanded  respect  and  achieved 
well  merited  distinction,  the  lofty  patriotism  and 
high  sense  of  dutv  which  controlled  his  actions. 
He  was  married  Feb.  20,  1889,  to  Jane  Hyde, 
daughter  of  John  G.  Hall,  of  Ridgeway,  Pa.,  and 
had  two  children,  a  son,  who  died  in  infancy,  and 
a  daughter,  Vinton  Liddell.  He  died  at  Charlotte, 
N.  <_'.,  May  14,  1915. 

WINSHIP,  George,  manufacturer  and  finan- 
cier, was  born  in  Clinton,  Ga.,  Dec.  2n,  1^1.">,  son 
of  Joseph  and  Emily  (Hatchings)  Winship,  and 
a  descendant  of  Edward  Winship,  who  came  to 
America  from  England  in  1634  and  settled  at 
( 'nnibri'Ige,  Mass.;  was  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Co. 
of  Boston;  served  as  selectman  in  1637-54  and  as 
representative  during  1663-64  and  16S1-86.  At 
seventeen  years  of  age  George  Winship  entered 
the  iron  works  of  his  father  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and 
learned  the  machinist's  trade.  The  product  prin- 
cipally was  machinery  for  ginning  cotton,  and 
after  the  civil  war  he  became  the  head  of  the 
firm  of  Winship  &  Bro.  Later  the  business  under 
the  name  of  the  Wiuship  Machine  Co.  was  ab- 
sorbed as  the  Continental  Gin  Co.,  of  which  Mr. 
Winship  was  a  director  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
His  marked  ability  as  a  financier  drew  him  into 
various  other  lines  of  activity,  and  for  many  years 
he  served  as  director  of  the  Atlanta  Home  Insur- 
ance Co.,  the  Trust  Company  of  Georgia,  and  the 
Merchants'  Bank  of  Atlanta,  and,  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  was  president  of  the  Atlanta  Banking 
and  Savings  Co.  In  1*96  he  retired  from  active 
business,  retaining  only  his  connection  with  the 
Continental  Gin  Co.  and  the  Atlanta  Banking  and 
Savings  Co.  He  was  for  twenty-five  years  a  trustee 
of  Emory  College,  to  which  he  contributed  gener 
ously,  and  at  his  death  left  a  legacy  of  $10,000. 
He  also  donated  $25,000  toward  the  foundation  of 
Emory  University.  As  a  trustee  of  Georgia  State 
School  of  Technology,  he  displayed  rare  technical 
skill  and  administrative  ability.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  a  trustee  of  the  Wesley  Memorial 
Church  and  the  Wesley  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Atlanta,  to  both  of  which,  as  well  as  the  Methodist 
Orphan  's  Home  of  Decatur,  Young  Harris  College 
and  the  Reinhardt  Normal  College  he  left  substan- 
tial bequests.  For  over  fifty  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South, 
of  Atlanta,  and  politically  he  was  a  Democrat.  His 
moral  characteristics  were  industry,  integrity, 
punctuality,  charity,  modesty  and  serene  faith. 
He  was  thrice  married:  (1)  Nov.  14,  I860,  to  Mary 


92  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

Eugenia  Speer;    (2)   Oct.  14,  1879,  to  Lula  Lane,  school.     In  1903  he  sailed  for  New  York,  and  as 

and  (3)   NOT.  18.  1896,  to  Elizabeth  Thiot,  widow  soon  as  he  hail  learned  the  English  language  he 

of  John   H.   Bailey,   who   survived   him  with  five  was  engaged  to   introduce  the  national  and  folk 

children:     Frances,  wife  of  Robert  Taylor;   Cora,  dances  of  Europe  in  several  private  schools.     For 

wife  of  James  H.  Nunnally;   George,  Joseph,  and  three  years  he  taught  interpretative  dancing  at  the 

Charles  T.  Winship.     He  d'ied  at  his  winter  home  Elinor    Comstock    School    of    Music    and    in    the 

at  Sarasota,  Fla.,  Apr.  11,  1916.  summer  of  1906  taught  dancing  at  the  Xew  York 

WILEY,  John  Adams,  manufacturer,  was  University  summer  school.  In  1907  he  opened  the 
born  in  Wakefield,  Mass.,  Feb.  1,  1825,  son  of  Chalif  Normal  School  of  Dancing,  which  was  at 
Nathaniel  and  Lydia  (Trull)  Wiley.  His  earliest  once  favorably  received  and  has  grown  steadily, 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Wiley,  who  each  graduating  class  being  larger  than  the  pre- 
came  from  England  in  the  early  part  of  the  17th  vious  one.  There  is  no  department  of  dancing 
century  and  was  at  Reading,  Mass.,  prior  to  1640;  which  he  does  not  take  up  in  his  usual  course  of 
from  him  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  the  line  of  de-  instruction,  and  he  is  frequently  called  upon  to 
scent  is  traced  through  their  son  Timothy  and  his  prepare  and  instruct  dancers  for  special  occasions, 
wife  Elizabeth  Davis;  their  son  Timot— y  and  Public  recognition  was  accorded  him  when  he  was 
his  wife  Mary  Poole;  their  sou  Nathaniel  and  made  director  of  the  Harvest  Festival  of  All 
his  wife  Mary  Eaton,  and  their  son  Nathaniel  and  Nations,  in  the  Second  Congress  of  the  Playground 
his  wife  Sally  Poole,  who  were  the  grand-  Association  of  America,  and  a  year  later  when  he 
parents  of  John  Adams  Wiley.  His  father  was  was  made  director  of  the  Historic,  Pantomimic, 
a  farmer.  The  son  received  his  education  in  the  National  and  Folk  Dances  of  the  great  Hudson- 
district  schools  and  at  the  academy  at  Woburn.  Fulton  celebration.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the 
He  early  learned  the  trade  of  wheelwright  and  Congress  of  Dancing  Societies  of  America;  first 
followed  it  for  several  years  at  Wakefield,  An-  vice-president  and  demonstrator  of  the  New  York 
dover  and  North  Audover.  He  then  entered  the  Society  of  Teachers  of  Dancing;  and  is  an 
service  of  the  Davis  &  Furber  Machine  Co.,  honorary  member  of  the  International  Association 
North  Andover,  having  charge  of  setting  up  of  Masters  of  Dancing  and  a  member  of  various 
the  machinery  sold  by  this  firm,  and  in  1858  was  foreign  societies.  During  1910-18  he  was  instructor 
admitted  to  partnership,  continuing  in  this  con-  of  classical,  simplified  classic  and  national  dancing 
nection  for  nearly  half  a  century.  His  thorough  to  the  American  Society  of  Professors  of  Dancing, 
knowledge  of  the  business,  his  ioresight  and  sa-  and  has  served  as  instructor  of  classic  and  national 
gacity  in  affairs,  his  strong  and  pleasing  personal-  dancing  in  the  Savage  School  for  Physical  Educa- 
ity  and  his  industry  and  progressiveness  were  the  tion,  New  York.  He  is  the  originator  of  the  pop- 
dominant  factors  of  his  unique  success.  No  man  ular  Chalif  dances.  The  Chalif  Building,  the  new 
of  North  Andover  has  won  in  his  generation  a  home  of  Mr.  Chalif 's  school  in  New  York,  is  a 
greater  degree  of  respect  and  confidence  from  his  remarkably  beautiful  structure,  in-  the  studio  dis- 
townsmen.  He  was  liberal  in  his  support  of  trict  of  the  city ;  it  has  six  floors,  four  ball  rooms, 
charity  and  gave  evidence  of  breadth  as  well  as  several  dressing  rooms,  with  alcoves  and  shower 
strength  of  character.  In  politics  he  was  an  inde-  baths  attached,  provision  for  the  storage  of  cos- 
pendent,  and  served  a  term  each  as  a  member  of  tumes,  two  elevators,  house  telephone  system,  and 
the  Massachusetts  house  of  representatives  and  as  furnishing  and  service  of  the  best.  Mr.  Chalif  is 
state  senator.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  the  author  of  "The  Chalif  Text  Book  of  Dane- 
Congregational  Church,  North  Andover,  and  con-  ing,"  two  volumes  (1917)  ;  and  "The  Chalif  Text 
tributed  $5,000  to  its  building  fund.  Aside  from  Book  of  Greek  Dancing"  (1918),  and  about  300 
his  manufacturing  interests  he  was  a  director  of  original  compositions  of  Greek,  national,  classic, 
the  Pacific  Bank,  Lawrence.  His  citizenship  was  toe,  character  and  folk  dances, 
of  the  highest  type,  his  personality  was  impressive  LITZ,  George  William,  merchant,  was  born 
and  his  influence  wide,  and  the  recognition  of  his  in  Burke 's  Garden,  Tazewell  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  24, 
integrity,  of  his  rectitude  of  life,  of  his  ever  1S72,  son  of  John  Tifany  and  Elizabeth  Emily 
present'sense  of  justice  and  honor  was  universal.  (Thompson)  Litz,  grandson  of  John  Peter  and 
He  was  married  Feb.  24,  1S4S,  to  Eliza  R.,  Sarah  (Gose)  Litz,  and  a  descendant  of  Johanii 
daughter  of  Samuel  L>-wning,  of  Andover,  Mass.,  Philip  Litz,  who  came  from  Rotterdam,  Holland, 
and  died  at  North  Andover,  Mass.,  Sept.  1,  on  the  ship  "Patience"  in  1751  and  settled  in 
1905.  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 

CHALIP.  Louis  Harvey,  dancing  master,  was  Tazewell   Troopers   in   the    civil   war;    was   taken 

born   in    Odessa,    Russia,    Dec.    25,    1876,    son    of  prisoner,  and  confined  at  Camp  Chase,  Columbus, 

Harvey  Chalif,  a   leather   merchant.     When   nine  O.,  until  the  end  of  the  war.     The  son  was  edu- 

years  of  age  he  entered  the  Russian  Ballet  School  cated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Tazewell  Col- 

at  Odessa  and  studied  there  for  seven  years.     His  lege,  winning  an   oratorical  medal   at   the   latter, 

graduation  thesis  was  the  initiation  of  the  excellent  At  different  periods,  by  reason  of  changing  busi- 

and  now  widely  used  exercise  composed  from  the  ness  interests,  he  resided  at  Welch  and  Panther, 

five    standard  "positions,    thus    early    showing    a  W.  Va.;   Hurley,  Va.;   Bluefield,  W.  Ya.,  and  for 

constructive  teaching  ability.     In  1893  he  received  several  years  prior  to  his  death  in  Columbus,  O. 

a  diploma  from  the  leading  artist  of  the  Govern-  For  a  number  of  years  he  purchased  and  grazed 

rnent  Theatre  at  Warsaw  and  immediately  after-  annually  large  herds  of  cattle  in  Virginia,   West 

ward  was  invited  to  assist  the  celebrated  Waclaw  Virginia    and    Kentucky,    spending   months    at    a 

Adler,  of  the   Imperial   Theatre  at   Warsaw,  who  time  in  the  mountain  wilds,  winch  he  loved.     He 

was  then  conducting  a  dancing  school  under  au-  also  dealt  extensively  in  horses,  and  few  men  were 

thorization  of  the  Odessa  officials,  and  who  soon  better  judges  of  horseflesh.     Having  made  invest- 

gave   evidence   of   his   appreciation   of   the   young  ments  in  timber  lands  in  Virginia  he  became  in- 

man's   talent    by   turning-   over    to   him   the   entire  terested  in  the  W.  M.  Ritter  Lumber  Co.  in  1901, 

teaching  and  management  of  the  school,  the  trans-  and   was   superintendent   of   the   first   large   plant 

fer  being  approved  by  an  official  certificate.     In  operated  by  the  concern,  at  Panther,  W.  Va.,  for 

L895  he  received  a  post-graduate  diploma  from  the  five   years.      He   then  assumed   charge   of   all   the 

renowned  Adamowsky,  artist  of  the  Imperial  Ballet  lumbering    operations    of    the    company,    covering 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


93 


the  states  of  West  Virginia,  Virginia,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee  and  North  Carolina.  At  his  death  he 
was  assistant  to  the  president  of  the  Ritter  cor- 
poration ;  assistant  to  the  president  of  the  Raleigh 
Lumber  Co.;  general  manager  Big  Sandy  &  Cum- 
berland Railroad  Co.,  and  vice-president  of  The 
Colleton  Cypress  Co.,  and  he  was  interested  in 
other  lumber,  coal  mining  anil  land  companies.  He 
was  a  32d  degree  Mason  and  a  member  also  of 
the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  particularly 
interested  in  the  prohibition  campaigns  in  West 
Virginia  and  Virginia,  stumping  Buchanan  county 
for  the  cause  of  the  "drys. "  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  Columbus.  His  dominating  personal 
characteristic  was  his  sturdy  common  sense.  He 
was  married  Dec.  29,  1910,  to  Ethel  G.,  daughter 
of  Rev.  William  Morris  Wakefield,  of  Ashland, 
Ky.,  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Wakefield,  a  soldier 
of  the  war  of  the  revolution ;  she  survived  him 
with  one  child:  Helen  Elizabeth  Litz.  He  died 
at  Gnstonia,  N.  C'.,  July  20,  1916. 

FOSTER,  George  H.,  manufacturer,  was  born 
in  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  Nov.  20,  1S62,  son  of  Carlton 
and  Sybil  (Storrs)  Foster.  His  first  American 
ancestor  was  Jonathan  Foster,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, who  settled  at  Chelmsford,  near  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  the  early  years  of  the  seventeenth  century ; 
from  him  the  line  is  traced  through  his  son  Amasa, 
the  letter's  son  Joseph,  his  son  Deacon  John,  who 
married  Rebecca  Paige;  their  son  John  who  mar- 
ried Rebecca  Chapman,  and  their  son  Auran  who 
married  Cloe  Soper  and  was  the  grandfather  of 
George  H.  Foster.  His  father  was  a  pioneer  lumber- 
man, of  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  who  served  four  years  in  the 
common  council,  was  one  of  the  earliest  mayors  of 
that  city,  occupying  the  office  three  terms,  and 
a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature  for  three 
years.  The  sou  was  educated  in  the  public  school 
of  Oshkosh,  and  in  18SO  became  associated  with 
the  firm  of  Foster  &  Jones,  of  which  his  father 
was  senior  member.  Later  the  style  was  changed 
to  Carlton  Foster  &  Co.  and  in  1886  a  warehouse 
was  opened  in  Chicago  with  Mr.  Foster  as  one  of 
its  managers.  He  soon  returned  to  Oshkosh,  and 
for  about  three  years  was  employed  by  George  W. 
Pratt  in  procuring  logs  around  Pelican  lake.  In 
1890,  he  assisted  his  father  in  conducting  the 
Foster-Lothman  mills.  They  supplied  the  Foster- 
Munger  Co.,  of  Chicago,  organized  in  1892  and  in 
,rhieh  they  held  stock,  and  the  Hafuer-Lothmau 
Manufacturing  Co.,  St.  Louis,  of  which  the  elder 
Poster  was  president.  Upon  the  death  of  his 
:'ather,  Mr.  Foster  assumed  the  management  of  the 
i'oster-Lothman  mills,  and  was  in  charge  there 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  with  the  exception  of 
about  three  years,  when  he  was  conducting  the 
G.  H.  Foster  Lumber  Co.,  of  which  he  was  the 
head.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Joseph  Hafner 
Manufacturing  Co.,  and  vice-president  of  the  Loth- 
man  Cypress  Co.,  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  president 
of  the  police  and  fire  board  of  Oshkosh,  on  which 
he  served'  to  the  close  of  his  life,  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  old  common  council,  representing 
the  second  ward  for  three  years  as  alderman.  Mr. 
Foster  possessed  a  strong  character,  he  filled  re- 
sponsible places  with  credit,  and  was  always  deeply 
interested  in  social  and  political  questions  which 
affected  the  city  and  nation.  He  was  an  earnest 
partisan,  but  honest  and  dependable.  His  friend- 
ly companionship  and  genial  large-heartedness 
will  long  hold  a  place  in  the  memory  of  those 
who  knew  him.  He  was  a  member  of  Oshkosh 
lodge  of  Elks,  No.  292,  Oshkosh  lodge  of  Masons, 


No.  27,  and  of  the  Eagles  and  Knights  of  Pythias. 
He  was  also  an  active  member  of  the  Oshkosh 
Power  Boat  Club.  He  was  married  June  22.  1892, 
to  Clara  Belle,  daughter  of  John  Rolf  Harwood, 
of  London,  England,  who  survives  him  with  one 
son,  Carlton  Harwood  Foster,  who  was  associated 
with  his  father  at  the  office  of  the  Foster-Loth- 
man mills.  Mr.  Foster  died  in  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  Jan. 
8,  1915. 

ELLIOTT,  William  Herbert,  merchant  and 
capitalist,  was  born  near  Amherstburg,  Ontario, 
Canada,  Oct.  13,  1844,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth 
(Pastorius)  Elliott.  He  was  educated  in  the  dis- 
trict schools  and  at  fifteen  became  a  clerk  in  a 
general  store  at  Amherstburg.  In  1.864  he  re- 
moved to  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  found  employ- 
ment in  a  small  dry  goods  store.  Two  years  later 
he  entered  the  service  of  George  Peck,  a  noted  fig- 
ure in  the  mercantile  and  financial  life  of  Detroit, 
and  in  1872  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  George 
Peek  &  Co.,  retiring  in  1880  to  engage  in  an  inde- 
pendent mercantile  business.  In  1895,  to  meet 
the  demands  placed  upon  the  concern  by  its  con- 
stantly expanding  business,  a  splendid  six-story 
building  was  erected,  and  carpets,  draperies  and 
clothing  were  added  to  the  stock  in  trade.  He 
remained  as  chief  executive  of  the  establishment 
until  his  death,  after  which  it  was  continued  as 
the  William  H.  Elliott  Co.,  until  1909,  when  it  was 
consolidated  with  the  Taylor- Woolfenden  Co.,  under 
the  present  title  of  the  Elliott-Taylor-Woolfenden 
Co.  In  1910  Mrs.  Elliott  erected,  as  a  memorial 
to  her  husband,  the  present  modern  Elliott  store 
on  Woodward  avenue  and  Henry  street.  Aside 
from  his  mercantile  interests  he  was  a  director  in 
the  Preston  National  Bank,  Union  Trust  Co.,  and 
the  State  Savings  Bank,  and  treasurer  and  di- 
rector of  the  Thompson-Houston  Electric  Light 
Co.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and 
had  long  been  prominent  in  the  counsels  of  the 
Republican  party  in  city  and  state,  and  for  years 
was  president  of  the  Michigan  Club.  He  was  dele- 
gate to  the  Republican  national  convention  in 
Minneapolis  in  1*92,  ami  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  state  prison  board  under  Gov.  Rich.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  Harper  Hospital,  and  a  member 
of  the  Detroit,  Detroit  Boat,  Country,  and  Fellow- 
craft  clubs,  Detroit,  and  the  Lake  St.  Clair  Fishing 
and  Shooting  (Old)  Club.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Jefferson  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church,  an 
earnest  and  valued  worker  in  religious  welfare 
and  charitable  organizations,  and  a  liberal  sup- 
porter of  many  local  philanthropies.  He  was  the 
owner  of  a  fine  stock  farm  in  Oakland  county,  and 
there  found  his  chief  recreation.  His  dominating 
personal  characteristics  were  his  loyalty,  courage 
and  charity,  and  his  charm  of  manner  won  all 
who  came  within  his  sphere  of  influence.  He  was 
married  (1),  in  1870,  to  Lena,  daughter  of  George 
Caverly,  of  Detroit,  Mich.;  she  died  in  1871.  He 
was  married  (2),  Apr.  21,  1875,  to  Susan  Fidelia, 
daughter  of  Rev.  William  Hogarth,  D.D.,  who  for 
years  had  been  pastor  of  the  Jefferson  Avenue 
Presbyterian  Church,  Detroit;  she  survived  him. 
He  died  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  May  1,  1901. 

KOCHERSPERGER,  Stephen  Morris,  soldier, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  19,  1872,  son 
of  William  Silvis  and  Rebecca  Ann  (Haines) 
Kochersperger.  His  father,  a  magistrate,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  civil  war,  and  was  among  those  con- 
fined in  Libby  prison.  The  son  was  graduated  at 
the  William  'Penn  Charter  School  in  1*90;  at- 
tended the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  ]  8(10-92, 
and  in  1896  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  In  September 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  the  latter  year  he  joined  the  2nd  U.  S.  cavalry 
at  Fort  Wingate,  N.  M.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  war  he  was  engaged  in  the  campaign 
at  Santiago  de  Cuba.  In  1899-1902  he  served  in 
Cuba  with  the  first  army  of  occupation,  and  while 
there  was  on  commission  to  pay  the  Cuban  army 
corps.  While  serving  at  Fort  Ethan  Allen,  Ver- 
mont, he  was  appointed  captain  of  his  regiment 
and  stationed  at  Port  Myer,  Va.  He  made  a  tour 
of  the  Philippine  Islands  in  1903—05,  and  again  in 
1911-12.  In  1905  he  was  appointed  major  of 
Philippine  scouts,  and  had  command  of  a  convict 
camp  building  roads  in  Albay  province,  and  on  the 
second  tour  served  in  the  Island  of  Jolo.  In, 
1907-09,  as  well  as  in  1912,  he  was  regimental  ad- 
jutant of  the  second  cavalry.  He  participated  in 
the  lite  Indian  disturbances  in  South  Dakota,  in 
1907,  and  was  on  duty  on  the  Mexican  border  in 
1912-13.  In  1910  he  graduated  at  the  Army 
School  of  the  Line,  and  the  following  year  at  the 
Army  Staff  College  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan. 
He  served  at  the  Plattsburg  maneuver  camps  in 
1914-15,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  in- 
spector instructor  of  the  military  cavalry  for 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  New  Jersey,  stationed 
at  Philadelphia.  He  served  in  the  second  cavalry 
until  the  close  of  his  life,  being  the  oldest  officer 
in  point  of  service  with  the  regiment  with  nine- 
teen changes  in  nineteen  years.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Naval  and  Military  Order  of  the  Span- 
ish-American War,  the  Society  of  Santiago,  the 
Society  of  Foreign  Wars  and  of  the  Army  and 
Navy  clubs  of  Washington  and  Manila.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  a  Republican,  and  his  religious  affi- 
liations were  with  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was 
married,  Oct.  29,  1902,  to  Nora,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Frank  Baker,  judge  of  the  circuit  and  appellate 
court  in  Chicago,  and  had  one  child,  Elizabeth 
Kochersperger.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  3. 
1916. 

FOSTER,  Harry  Howard,  lumberman  and 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  Mar.  15, 
1857,  son  of  Edward  Augustus  and  Laura  Helen 
(Foster)  Foster.  His  father  was  a  lumberman, 
as  his  forefathers  had  been  from  the  days  of  the 
Revolution.  Harry  Howard  Foster  attended 
Olivet  (Mich.)  College,  but  left  the  institution 
after  two  years,  to  join  his  father  in  organizing, 
in  1881,  the  firm  of  E.  A.  Foster  &  Co.  Upoa 
disposing  of  these  interests,  in  1SS3,  they  pur- 
chased shares  in  the  prominent  Chicago  lumber 
firm  of  A.  B.  Gray  &  Co.,  which  had  large  milling 
operations  and  timber  land  interests  in  several 
states.  Harry  Howard  Foster  retired  from  this 
firm  in  1884  and  then  began  lumbering  operations 
in  the  Wisconsin  valley,  first  securing  a  partner- 
ship in  the  McDonald  Lumber  Co.,  and  in  1885 
becoming  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  West 
Shore  Lumber  Co.,  Racine,  Wis.,  a  concern  which 
still  exists.  In  1887  he  became  a  dominant  factor 
in  the  Merrill  (Wis.)  Lumber  Co.,  which  his  father 
had  helped  to  organize  in  the  previous  year.  He 
was  immediately  made  superintendent,  continuing 
in  that  capacity  until  1901,  when  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Wisconsin  &  Arkansas  Lumber 
Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Malvern,  Ark.  Until  his 
death  he  remained  in  executive  control  of  this  con- 
cern, which  is  capitalized  at  $1,250,000.  In 
addition  to  this  interest  he  was  the  treasurer 
of  the  Thief  River  Falls  Lumber  Co.,  Thief  River, 
Minn.;  Wausau  &  Everett  Lumber  Co.;  Arkansas 
Land  &  Lumber  Co.,  Malvern,  and  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Malvern  &  Freehold  Valley  Railroad 
Co.,  and  a  director  in  the  Union  Trust  Co.,  Little 
Rock.  He  was  past  president  and  member  of  the 


executive  committee  of  the  Southern  Yellow  Pine 
Association;  director  of  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  Little  Rock,  and  member  also  of  the 
Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  the 
Country  and  Quapaw  clubs,  Little  Rock,  and  he 
was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  and  his  poli- 
tical affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  married,  June  15,  1SS6,  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Franklin  B.  Wallin,  a  leather  manu- 
facturer, of  Grand  Rapids;  she  survives  him  with 
three  children:  Marion,  now  Mrs.  Samuel  A. 
Cochran,  of  Little  Rock;  Wallin  G.,  a  lumberman, 
of  Little  Rock;  Dorothy  May  Foster,  now  Mrs. 
Ross  McCain.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
American  Revolution.  He  died  at  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  Mar.  11,  1915. 

WARING,  James  Henry,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Farmersville,   N.   Y.,   Feb.   3,    1848,   son   of  John 
and  Catherine   (Hogg)   Waring,  and  a  descendant 
of  Richard  Waring,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
England   with    his   son   Richard,   arriving   on   the 
ship  "Endeavor,"  in  1664.     Shortly  afterward  he 
settled  on  Long  Island,  and  was  one  of  the  original 
proprietors   of   Brookhaven,    L.    I.,    in    1665.      His 
descendants  are  both  Waring  and  Warren.     Will- 
iam Warren,  a  descendant,  who  was  born  in  Stam- 
ford, Conn.,  and  who  served  in  the  war  of  1812, 
was   grandfather   of   our   subject.      James   Henry 
Waring  was  educated  in  the  public  school  of  his 
native  place,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  class 
graduated  from  Ten  Brosck  Academy  in  1S70.    In 
1871-72  he  attended  the  law  school  of  Michigan 
University,    after   a   period   in    the   law    office   of 
Scott,  Laidlaw  &  McVey,  of  Ellicottville,  and  later 
was  with   Judge   Samuel   S.   Spring  of  Franklin- 
ville.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875  and 
began   his   practice   in   Franklinville,   Cattaraugus 
co.    alone,    later   forming    a   partnership    with    his 
brother,  William  W.,  the  firm  being  J.  H.  and  W. 
\V.    Waring.      He  went  to   Olean,  N.  Y.,  in   1884, 
where    he    entered    into    a    law   partnership    with 
Judge  D.   H.   Bolles,   as   Bolles   &   Waring,  which 
continued  until  1894,  when  Mr.  Waring  withdrew 
and  practiced  alone  until  his  death.     He  was  at- 
torney for  banking  interests  during  the  whole  of 
his   professional   career,   as  well   as   attorney   for 
several  other  corporations  of  prominence.     He  was 
recognized  as  the  leader  of  the  bar  of  Cattaraugus 
co.,  and  was  one  of  the  most  learned  of  the  pro- 
fession.    In  his  private  practice  he  held  the  confi- 
dence of  a  large  clientele  among  the  leading  men 
of  the  county,  who  relied  implicity  upon  his  coun- 
sel and  advice.     He  was  district  attorney  of  Cat- 
taraugus   Co.    from   1889-95,    and   was   mayor   of 
Clean  from   1900  to   1908.     His  health   then   be- 
came impaired,  and  he  was  forced  to  refuse  re- 
election.    His  name  was  mentioned  for  the  supreme 
bench   of   the   state.      His   administration    of   the 
mayor's  office  was  most  admirable  and  is  still  re- 
ferred to  as  a  model  of  efficiency,  economy  and 
honesty.    He  was  a  member  of  the  state  and  county 
bars    associations,    the    lodge,    chapter    and    com- 
mandery  of  the  Masonic  order,  the  City.  Club  of 
Olean,    and    was    a    supporter    of    the    Protestant 
Episcopal  church.     Mr.  Waring  was  married  July 
19,   1876,   to   Agnes,   daughter   of  John   Little,   a 
former   postmaster   of   Franklinville,   N.    Y.,   and 
died  without  issue  at  Olean,  N.  Y.,  July  6,  1906. 
LAKE,  James  K.,  civil  engineer  and  inventor, 
was  born  in  Sharon,  Litchfield  CO.,  Conn.,  Nov.  22, 
1835,  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Elvira  (Jackson)  Lake, 
and  grandson  of  Andrew  Lake,  who  was  born  near 
Canaan,  Conn.     His  father  was  a  contractor  and 
constructed  a  portion  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  his 


/ 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


95 


mother  was  a  descendant  of  the  same  family  as 
that  of  Pres.  Andrew  Jackson.  James  K.  Lake 
was  educated  at  an  academy  at  Albion,  N.  Y.  He 
began  his  professional  career  by  assisting  his 
father  in  the  construction  of  the  Erie  Canal.  In 
1858  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111,  and  had  much  to 
do  with  the  development  of  that  city.  He  graded 
and  paved  many  of  the  downtown  streets,  and 
huilt  the  Washington  street  tunnel,  the  first  of  its 
kind  in  this  country.  He  also  did  some  of  the 
construction  work  on  the  Galena  division  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Later, 
he  became  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  West 
Division  Railroad,  enlarging  and  increasing  the 
original  system  until  it  covered  many  miles  of  the 
west  side.  Mr.  Lake  was  of  an  inventive  mind, 
and  made  a  number  of  original  devices  which  he 
patented,  among  them  a  traction  engine,  (1870); 
a  trace-fastener,  (1875);  and  a  combined  chair 
and  stringer,  (1885).  The  traction  engine  was 
offered  to  the  city  of  Chicago  for  use  in  the  fire 
department.  It  was  tried  out  and  admitted  to 
be  a  success,  but  the  city  officials,  after  consider- 
ing its  purchase,  decided  that  owing  to  the  proba- 
bility of  accidents  due  to  frightening  horses,  it 
would  lie  impossible  to  pay  the  damage  suits 
which  might  be  brought  against  the  city.  This 
was  another  instance  where  a  man  was  ahead  of 
his  time.  He  owned  Lake  View  Farm,  about  five 
miles  from  Council  Grove,  Kan.  Fishing  was  his 
favorite  recreation,  and  until  failing  health  made 
it  impossible,  he  spent  his  summers  at  some  of  the 
northern  lakes,  where  he  was  able  to  indulge  in 
this  pastime.  Mr.  Lake  was  a  man  of  much  dig- 
nity of  character  and  manner  and  possessed  in  a 
rare  degree  the  qualities  which  inspire  love  and 
respect.  His  energy,  acute  sense  of  honor  and 
justice,  moral  and  physical  courage  combined  with 
gentleness  and  never  failing  courtesy,  were  his 
dominant  characteristics.  Concerning  him  a  friend 
testified:  "I  never  saw  Mr.  Lake  that  the  day 
did  not  seem  brighter  for  it."  He  was  twice 
married:  (1)  Nov.  9,  1864,  to  Charlotte  Maria, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Jefferson  Clark,  a  merchant 
of  Chicago,  111. ;  of  the  four  children  born  of  this 
marriage  but  one  survives,  Jessie  Genevieve,  wife 
of  Frank  Eoswell  McMullin,  of  Boston,  Mass.; 
Mrs.  Lake  died  in  1888,  and  he  was  married  (2) 
in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Sept.  1,  1904,  to  Mrs. 
Hattie  Louise  Rice  Woodward,  daughter  of  Stephen 
Sayles  Rice,  of  Michigan.  James  K.  Lake  died  at 
Council  Grove,  Kan.,  Jan.  23,  191". 

PECK,  Clarence  Ives,  merchant,  was  bom 
in  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  20,  1841,  sou  of  Philip  F. 
W.  and  Mary  Kent  (Wythe)  Peck,  and  a  descend- 
ant of  Joseph  Peck,  a  native  of  Suffolk,  England, 
who  came  to  America  with  his  family  in  1638, 
and  settled  at  Hingham,  Mass. ;  from  him  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  sou  Nicholas; 
his  son  Jonathan;  his  sou  Deacon  Thomas;  his 
son  Jonathan;  his  son  Philip  and  his  wife  Abigail 
Chace,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Clarence 
I.  Peck.  His  father  removed  from  Buffalo  to 
Chicago,  in  1830,  with  a  boatload  of  merchandise. 
In  the  fall  of  1831  he  built  a  two-story  frame 
structure,  the  first  frame  build-ing1  used  in  Chicago 
as  a  store.  This  property,  which  is  still  in  the 
family  and  which  originally  cost  $25,  has  in- 
creased in  value  to  over  $325,000.  The  son  was 
graduated  at  the  Central  (now  McKinley)  High 
School  in  1860,  and  later  studied  law,  but  never 
practiced.  He  began  his  business  career  in  the 
early  '60  's  as  a  member  of  the  wholesale  grocery 
firm  of  Pollard,  Doane  &  Co.,  which  was  later 
changed  to  Doane,  Peck  &  Co.,  and  still  later 


to  Clarence  I.  Peck.  This  business  was  sold  out 
and  Mr.  Peck  then  entered  the  wholesale  cordage 
and  woodenware  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Cupples,  Marston  &  Peck,  later  Marston  & 
Peck  Bros.,  which  firm  terminated  with  the  fire  of 
1871.  After  that  date  he  attended  to  his  own 
large  real  estate  interests  and  personal  affairs. 
He  was  always  deeply  interested  in  civic  matters, 
being  instrumental  in  the  erection  of  the  Chicago 
Stock  Exchange  building  and  the  Chicago  Aud- 
itorium, whose  theatre  is  still  unsurpassed.  He 
was  also  interested  in  numerous  charities,  but 
would  never  act  in  any  official  capacity  nor  allow 
his  name  to  be  mentioned  in  connection  with  any 
of  his  donations.  In  business  circles  he  possessed 
an  enviable  reputation  for  fairness  in  his  deal- 
ings; another  of  his  characteristics  was  loyalty 
to  his  friends.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
HistoricalSociety,andof  the  Chicago,  Union  League, 
Chicago  Athletic,  The  Twentieth  Century  and  South 
Shore  Country  clubs;  associate  member  of  the 
Chicago  Real  Estate  board  and  a  life  member  of 
the  Art  Institute  of  Chicago.  He  was  interested 
in  yachting  and  was  also  a  very  keen  sportsman. 
He  was  married  in  1886,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
Spafford  C.  Field,  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  who  survived 
him  with  two  children:  Philip  F.  W.  and  Martha 
Field  Peck.  Mr.  Peck  died  at  his  summer  home 
at  Oconomowoc,  Wis.,  July  11,  1916. 

HOOLEY,  Abraham  George,  banker,  broker, 
and  sportsman,  was  born  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
Jan.  28,  1862,  son  of  Abraham  and  Lucy  (Grooby) 
Hooley.  His  father  came  from  Macclesfield,  Eng- 
land, in  1S30,  and  founded  a  wholesale  dry  goods 
store  on  Broadway,  New  York  city,  gradually 
building  up  a  large  business.  Abraham  G.  Hooley 
received  his  education  at  Hasbrouck  Institute,  Jer- 
sey City,  and  at  high  school  in  Plninfield,  whence 
his  widowed  mother  had  removed.  He  began  his 
business  career  in  New  York  city.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  New  York  stock  brokerage  firm 
of  Hooley,  Lamed  &  Smith,  with  ramifications  in 
various  other  cities,  and  he  continued  in  this  rela- 
tion until  1910,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness cares.  He  was  also  connected  with  various 
other  financial,  as  well  as  industrial  and  commer- 
cial undertakings.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  His  home  was  at  North 
Plainfield,  N.  J.,  where  he  had  an  estate  stocked 
with  pheasant,  grouse  and  partridge.  He  was  for 
many  years  an  officer  in  the  American  Kennel  Club 
and  was  on  many  of  its  committees,  being  chair- 
man of  the  important  rules  committee.  His  hobby 
was  the  breeding  of  English  setters  and  he  al- 
ways kept  fifty  or  more  at  the  Meadowview  Ken- 
nels on  his  New  Jersey  estate.  He  was  an  amateur 
breeder,  however,  inasmuch  as  he  kept  his  dogs 
for  pleasure  rather  than  for  profit.  He  had  bred 
and  owned  many  champions,  chief  among  them 
being  Lady  Natalie,  which  won  for  the  best  of  all 
breeds  at  the  White  Plains  (N.  Y.)  show  of  1917, 
a  feat  which  few  field  dogs  had  ever  accomplished 
in  the  metropolitan  district.  He  also  raised  prize 
cattle  and  foodstuffs.  He  had  probably  the  b»st 
library  on  dog  lore  in  the  country  outside  of  the 
American  Kennel  Club.  One  room  in  his  house 
was  devoted  to  it,  there  being  everything  that  he 
could  collect  on  technical  matters  relating  to  the 
canine.  He  also  had  approximately  every  book  of 
fiction  that  had  been  written  about  dogs.  His 
home  was  filled  with  paintings  and  bronzes  of  set- 
ters and  he  had  hundreds  of  cups  which  he  had 
won  at  various  shows.  He  was  also  widely  known 
as  a  judge  of  dogs,  and  was  acting  in  that  capac- 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


ity  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  had  a  reputation 
for  scrupulous  integrity,  and  enjoyed  the  respect 
and  affection  of  all  who  knew  him  in  a  business 
or  social  way.  He  was  married  in  New  York  city 
Feb.  6,  1902,  to  Fannie  Lucy,  daughter  of  Thos. 
H.  Burridge,  an  inventor  and  engineer,  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.;  she  survived  him,  with  two  children: 
Louise,  wife  of  Harold  Underbill,  and  George  B. 
Hooley,  a  broker.  He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Calif., 
May  3,  1918. 

MEEKISON,  David  Stewart,  lawyer,  legisla- 
tor and  banker,  was  born  at  Dundee,  Scotland, 
Nov.  14,  1849,  son  of  David  and  Agnes  (Stewart) 
Meekison.  In  1855  he  came  to  America  with  his 
parents,  and  settled  at  Napoleon,  O.  His  father 
was  a  farmer.  He  attended  the  public  school  of 
Napoleon  until  1863,  when  he  entered  a  printing 
office.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  enlisted  in  the 
4th  battery,  U.  S.  artillery,  with  which  he  served 
three  years,  principally  at  Fort  Wayne,  Detroit. 
Returning  to  Napoleon  he  began  the  study  of  law 
under  the  preceptorship  of  J.  H.  Tyler;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Henry  county  in  1873,  and 
in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Napoleon.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Democratic  party,  but  his  integrity,  efficiency  and 
personal  popularity  was  such  that  he  was  several 
times  appointed  to  public  office  by  his  political 
opponent?.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  city  clerk, 
and  in  1874  became  district  attorney  of  Henry 
county  to  fill  a  vacancy,  at  the  end  of  which  term 
he  was  regularly  elected  to  that  office,  and  was 
subsequently  reelected.  In  1881  he  was  elected 
probate  judge,  continuing  for  two  terms,  and  he 
served  four  consecutive  terms  as  mayor  of  Na- 
poleon, declining  further  reelection.  During  this 
period  many  municipal  improvements  were  made, 
including  the  construction  of  water  and  lighting 
plants.  In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  from  the  fifth  Ohio  district,  and  in  1898 
was  reeleeted  to  the  fifty-sixth  congress,  serving 
his  constituency  with  fidelity.  He  was  a  dominant 
factor  in  banking  circles  at  Napoleon,  and  was  the 
organizer  of  the  Meekison  Bank,  which  was  l.-itor 
merged  in  to  the  First  National  Bank,  of  which 
he  became  president.  He  also  organized  the  Na- 
poleon State  Bank  and  the  Napoleon  Commercial 
Bank,  both  of  which  he  served  as  president.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge,  and  a  com- 
municant of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
was  recognized  as  the  first  citizen  of  Napoleon, 
and  the  honor  and  virtue  practiced  by  him  bred 
social  well-being  and  righteousness,  for  the  public 
believed  in  him,  and  never  had  occasion  to  revise 
their  judgment  of  him.  He  was  married  at  Na- 
poleon, O.,  Aug.  24,  1881,  to  Clara  E.,  daughter 
of  George  Bowers,  a  farmer  of  Napoleon.  She 
survived  him,  with  four  children:  George,  an  at- 
torney; Irene,  Agnes  and  Esther  Meekison.  He 
died  at  Napoleon,  O.,  Feb.  12,  1915. 

SPLAWN,  Andrew  Jackson,  stockman  and 
capitalist,  was  born  in  Holt  county.  Mo.,  July  :il, 
1845,  son  of  John  and  Nancy  C.  (McHaney)  Splawn. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  was  a  farmer  of 
northwestern  Missouri.  In  1851  the  widowed  mother 
of  our  subject  settled  with  her  children  on  a  home- 
stead in  Linn  county,  Ore.  There  Andrew  J. 
Splawn  received  his  education  in  public  schools. 
With  a  brother  he  drove  a  band  of  cattle  into 
Klickitat  county,  Wash.,  in  1860,  and  the  following 
year  settled  in  the  Ynkiina  valley,  Wash.  He  was 
for  thirty-five  years  thereafter  actively  engaged  in 
the  cattle  business  in  the  Pacific  no'rthwest.  In 
IMix  ]u.  (lr0ve  cattle  to  market  in  the  mining  re- 
gions of  British  Columbia.  During  1870-72  he  was 


proprietor  of  a  trading  post  on  the  present  site  of 
Ellensburg.  He  was  owner  of  Springdale  farm,  a 
celebrated  ranch  in  Cowiche  valley,  Yakima  CO., 
and  there  he  bred  the  choice  Springdale  herd  of 
pure  Herefords,  for  many  years  famous  for  its 
prize  winners.  A  pioneer  in  the  breeding  of  fine 
beef  cattle,  he  was  for  years  the  most  prosperous 
stockman  in  Washington,  and  he  made  many  in- 
vestments in  land,  acquiring  several  thousand  acres. 
He  was  general  manager  of  the  Puget  Sound 
Dressed  Beef  &  Packing  Co.;  past  president  (1907- 
11)  Yakima  Valley  Transportation  Co.;  organizer 
and  president  Tieton  Water  Users'  Association, 
and  a  director  in  the  Yakima  Trust  Co.  By  reason 
of  his  natural  ability  as  an  organizer  he  played  a 
prominent  part  in  the  industrial  and  commercial 
development  of  the  community.  He  was  a  leader 
in  securing  government  development  of  irrigation 
in  the  Yakima  valley.  Having  brought  about  the 
settlement  of  prior  water  rights  it  was  due  largely 
to  his  efforts  that  the  reclamation  service  dug  the 
Tieton  canal  in  the  valley.  It  was  the  Yakima  Val- 
ley Transportation  Co.,  which  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing, that  built  the  first  street  railway  at  North 
Yakima.  This  system  later  came  under  the  control 
of  the  Harriman  group  of  railroads,  which  devel- 
oped the  interurban  portion  of  the  system.  He  was 
president  of  the  Washington  Live  Stock  Associa- 
tion, Portland  Fat  Stock  Show,  Cascade  Interna- 
tional Stock  Show,  ami  in  1901  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Rogers  member  of  the  Washington  state  fair 
commission,  of  which  he  was  elected  president  in 
1902,  serving  four  years.  In  1915  he.  was  Washing- 
ton state  live  stock  i-'iinmissiuner  to  the  Panama- 
Pacific  International  Exposition,  San  Francisco. 
He  was  a  leader  in  Democratic  politics  in  Wash- 
ington. In  1902  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
from  the  15th  district,  and  he  was  the  first  mayor 
of  Y'akima  under  the  commission  form  of  govern- 
ment, serving  during  1911-14.  He  was  author  of 
"Kami-akin,  Last  Hero  of  the  Yakimas, "  a  cor- 
rect history  of  central  Washington  and  the  Indian 
VY;irs.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading. 
He  had  a  clear  and  firm  grasp  of  public  questions 
and  was  an  administrator  of  rare  capacity.  He 
was  married  (1)  in  Moxee  valley,  Wash.,  1872,  to 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  John  Daverin,  of  Moxee  val- 
ley; she  died  in  1S94,  and  he  was  married  (2)  at 
EJlensburg,  Wash.,  June  24.  lx<>7,  to  Margaret  C., 
daughter  of  John  H.  Larsen,  a  pioneer  agricultur- 
ist of  the  Pacific  northwest;  she  survived  him,  with 
three  children:  Andrew  Jackson,  Jr.,  Homer  Bay- 
ard, and  Lalloch  Splawn.  He  died  at  North  Ya- 
kima, Mar.  2,  1917. 

BAILEY,  Daniel  Hanford,  banker,  was  born 
at  Wallkill,  N.  Y.,  June  12,  1834,  son  of  Nath- 
aniel and  Mahala  (Dunning)  Bailey,  and  grand- 
son of  Daniel  Bailey,  who  served  as  captain  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution.  Nathaniel  Bailey,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer.  Daniel  H.  Bailey 
received  his  education  in  public  schools  and  at 
Wallkill  Academy.  He  entered  the  Middletown 
(N.  Y.)  Savings  Bank  as  clerk;  was  for  years  sec- 
retary and  treasurer  of  the  institution,  and  later 
was  its  president.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic 
duty,  held  various  positions  of  trust  and  respon- 
sibility, and  was  also  active  in  Republican  politics. 
During  1868-69,  and  again  in  IS.sO,  lie  was  mem- 
ber and  president  of  the  village  board,  and  in  1892 
was  elected  mayor  of  Middletown.  The  building 
of  the  trunk  sewer,  the  widening  of  Main  and  High 
streets,  the  construction  of  the  trolley  were  done 
during  his  administration  as  mayor.  For  years 
he  was  president  of  Pho-nix  Engine  Company.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Middletown  City  Club,  and 


TME    r^ATLriMAL.    Ci-CLOFEOtA    OF    AMERICAN    6IDGRAFMY 


w^ 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


97 


a  communicant  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church. 
He  was  a  man  of  quiet  integrity  and  steadfastness, 
undemonstrative  and  enduring  friendliness.  He 
was  known  to  many,  and  all  who  came  within  the 
sphere  of  his  goodly  influence  regarded  him  as  a 
worthy  citizen.  He  placed  true  valuation  upon 
men  and  things,  was  buoyant  and  optimistic,  and 
his  urbanity  and  kindliness  never  wavered.  His 
sympathy  was  shown  in  kindly  thoughts  and 
worthy  deeds,  and  no  man  was  ever  more  free  from 
ostentation.  His  name  and  memory  shall  long  be 
revered  in  the  city  which  honored  him  and  which 
he  paid  in  loyalty  and  appreciable  service.  He 
married  at  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  16,  1S62, 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  John  H.  Robertson,  of  Mid- 
dlctown;  she  survived  him.  He  died  at  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y. 

HAWLEY,  John  Savage,  manufacturer  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Charlton,  N.  Y.,  June 
29,  1S36,  son  of  Roswell  and  Hilitje  (Van  Hoeveu- 
bergh)  Hawley.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Joseph  Hawley,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land in  1632  and  settled  at  Stratford,  Conn.,  and 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  from  him  and  his 
wife,  Katharine  Birdsey,  through  their  son  Sam- 
uel and  his  wife,  Mary  Thompson;  their  son  Sam- 
uel and  his  wife,  Bethia  Booth;  their  son,  Obadiah 
and  his  wife,  Sarah  —  — ,  to  their  son  Gideon 
and  his  wife.  Sarah  Curtis,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Jonn  S.  Hawley.  His  father  was  a 
farmer.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools, 
and  as  a  young  man  removed  to  Texas,  where  he 
became  interested  in  mercantile  pursuits.  Not 
being  in  sympathy  with  the  Southern  cause,  he 
left  Texas  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  and 
went  to  San  Francisco,  spending  some  ten  years 
in  California  and  Nevada.  Returning  to  New 
York  about  1S70,  he  became  a  member  of  the  old 
firm  of  Wallace  &  Co.,  manufacturing  confection- 
ers. In  1874  he  engaged  independently  in  the 
manufacture  of  candy,  subsequently  taking  in  as  a 
partner  Herman  W.  Hoops,  first  under  the  name 
of  John  S.  Hawley  &  Co.  and  later  as  Hawley  & 
Hoops.  This  firm  still  exists  under  the  latter 
name,  although  Mr.  Hawley  retired  one  year  prior 
to  his  death.  His  dominating  characteristics  were 
his  integrity,  serenity,  perseverance  and  great 
benevolence.  A  member  of  the  Christian  Science 
church,  his  religious  earnestness  found  expression 
in  many  ways.  He  was  particularly  iutercstrd  in 
youth,  and  in  1895  he  founded  an  industrial  school 
for  homeless  boys  at  Charlton,  N.  Y.,  which  he 
endowed  liberally.  Although  interested  in  public 
affairs  he  never  sought  political  preferment,  yet 
his  business  integrity,  sound  judgment  and  un- 
failing common  sense  were  so  generally  recognized 
that  he  was  frequently  called  upon  to  fill  posi- 
tions of  trust.  He  was  married  (1)  at  Hyde 
Park,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  21,  1S67,  to  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Hercules  Reed,  a  merchant  of  Hulberton,  N.  Y. ; 
she  died  in  1892,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Feb.  6, 
1894,  to  Margaretha,  daughter  of  John  C.  Voss, 
of  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  She  survived  him  with  three 
children  of  his  first  marriage:  H.  Reed,  a  physi- 
cian, of  Staatsburg,  N.  Y. ;  Adelaide,  wife  of 
Claude  Gignoux,  of  Berkeley,  Cal.,  and  John  S. 
Hawley,  Jr.,  of  San  Diego,  Cal.  He  died  at  San 
Diego,  Cal.,  Dec.  29,  191.'!. 

BATES,  William  Horatio,  master  printer  and 
lithographer,  was  born  near  Mount  Pleasant,  la., 
Oct.  24,  1841,  son  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  (Lavender) 
Bates.  His  father,  a  native  of  Virginia,  was  an  ed- 
itor and  founder  of  the  "Christian  Evangelist," 
now  of  St.  Louis.  The  son  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Mount  Pleasant  and  Fort 


Madison,  la.  As  a  lad  he  worked  at  odd  times  as 
a  printer,  usually  in  the  employ  of  his  father.  In 
1S63  he  settled  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  where  for  years 
he  was  journeyman  printer  or  foreman  on  the  old- 
time  Memphis  newspapers,  including  the  "Argus," 
"Bulletin,"  "Appeal"  and  "Avalanche";  also 
for  a  number  of  years  lie  was  in  charge  of  the 
printing  and  stationery  department  of  the  old  Mem- 
phis &  Charleston  (now  Southern)  Railroad  Co. 
In  1876  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  S.  C. 
Toof  &  Co..  Mem] phis,  printers,  lithographers  and 
manufacturing  stationers,  founded  in  I*ii4,  and  he 
remained  with  this  house  until  his  death,  at  which 
time  he  was  president.  The  concern  w.-is  then  one 
of  the  largest  and  most  important  in  the  trade  in 
the  South,  and  employed  two  hundred  people.  Mr. 
Bates  served  as  a  member  of  the  city  council  in 
1878-89,  and  during  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  of 
that  year  his  unselfish  and  tireless  devotion  to  duty 
did  much  to  relieve  suffering.  He  was  ready  at  all 
times  with  his  money  and  his  presence  to  alleviate 
distress,  to  aid  any  worthy  cause,  and  to  assist  in 
the  uplift  and  advancement  of  his  home  city.  In 
1903  he  was  unanimously  chosen  to  serve  as  chair- 
man of  the  Memphis  Artesian  Water  Department 
board,  when  the  city  purchased  the  plan,  and  con- 
tinued four  years  in  that  capacity.  He  was  a  32d 
degree  Mason,  and  held  membership  also  in  various 
other  fraternal  and  civic  bodies.  Politically,  he 
was  a  Democrat  and  he  was  communicant  of  Lin- 
den Avenue  Christian  church.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  shooting  and  fishing.  Mr.  Bates  ex- 
erted a  strong  influence  on  the  formative  life  of 
Memphis  during  the  reconstruction  period;  entered 
into  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  place,  and  soon 
became  a  substantial  factor  in  all  the  activities  of 
the  city,  industrial,  financial,  educational  and  char- 
itable. The  personal  characteristics  that  made  his 
quiet,  unobtrusive  life  so  helpful  and  attractive 
were  deeply  impressed  upon  the  community  in 
which  he  lived.  He  was  married  Oct.  31,  1871,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  Frederick  Borcherdt  of  Mani- 
towoc,  Wis.;  there  are  no  children.  He  died  in 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  Nov.  26,  1918. 

DONAHUE,  Patrick  John,  dyer  and  finisher, 
was  born  in  Galway,  Ireland,  Aug.  4,  1S<>1,  son  of 
John  ami  Bridget  (Monahan)  Donahue.  His 
father  was  a  farmer.  He  was  educated  in  the 
primary  schools  of  Ireland  and  the  preparatory 
schools  of  Manchester,  England,  and  began  his 
active  career  in  that  city  as  an  employee  of  Thomas 
Crabtree,  dyer  and  finisher  of  velvet.  When 
twenty  two  years  of  age  he  came  to  this  country 
and  settled  at  Paterson,  N.  J.  In  1895  he  estab- 
lisli.-d  the  corporation  known  as  the  Donahue  Dye- 
ing Co.  of  Paterson.  From  a  very  small  beginning 
the  business  continued  to  develop  steadily,  until 
in  1913  the  plant  had  attained  an  annual  output 
amounting  to  $150,000  and  employed  150  men.  Mr. 
Donahue  was  a  member  of  the  National  Dyers' 
Association,  the  Silk  Dyers'  Association  of  Pater- 
son, and  of  the  Single  Tax  Society.  His  favorite 
]  pursuits  were  business  and  chemistry,  while  he 
found  his  chief  diversions  in  travel,  dogs  and 
fishing.  He  was  possessed  of  unusual  business  abil- 
ity, and  among  the  salient  features  of  his  char- 
acter were  kindheartedness,  honesty  and  deter- 
mination. In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  in 
religion  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was  married  in 
Manchester,  Eng.,  Nov.  30,  1889,  to  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lawless,  a  velvet  finisher  of 
Manchester.  The  children  of  this  union  are:  May. 
Edwin  and  Grace  Donahue.  He  died  in  Paterson, 
X.  J..  Feb.  4,  1916. 

GREENE,    Charles   Porter,    agriculturist  and 


98 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


banker,  was  born  at  Muskego,  Wis.,  Sept.  19,  1844, 
son  of  George  and  Sarah  Ann  (Clark)  Greene.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Timothy 
Green,  who  came  from  England  in  the  eighteenth 
century  and  settled  at  Amherst,  Mass. ;  his  wife 
was  Eunice  Ellsworth,  anil  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Timothy  and 
his  wife  Eunice  Clark,  and  their  son  Clark  and  his 
wife  Submit  Hastings,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Charles  Porter  Greene.  Timothy  Green  (II) 
served  as  a  minute  man  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  and  his  name  appears  as  private  on  the  Lex- 
ington Alarm  Roll.  George  Greene,  first  of  his  line 
to  use  the  present  spelling  of  the  name,  was  a 
pioneer  Wisconsin  farmer.  Charles  Porter  Greene 
was  educated  at  Milton  (Wis.)  College,  and  in 
1864  removed  with  his  family  to  Spring  Prairie, 
Wis.,  where  they  purchased  a  farm,  in  the  man- 
agement of  which  he  assisted  until  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1885.  He  then  purchased  the  inter- 
ests of  the  other  heirs,  and  operated  the  farm 
alone  until  his  removel  to  Elkhorn,  Wis.,  in  1896. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge,  chapter 
and  coinmandery,  and  of  the  Modern  Woodmen 
of  America.  A  lifelong  Republican,  he  was  prom- 
inent in  the  councils  of  his  party,  and  displayed 
always  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty.  He  was  a  con- 
spicuous figure  iu  the  affairs  of  Walworth  county, 
and  known  as  one  of  the  representative  men  of 
that  section.  Honesty  of  purpose  and  a  strict  in- 
tegrity in  every  relation  of  life  were  his  dominat- 
ing characteristics.  He  was  a  genial  companion, 
a  conversationalist  of  rare  ability,  and  was  noted 
for  hjs  gentle  humor.  He  early  gained  and  in- 
creased with  growing  acquaintance  the  respect  of 
the  community  and  the  regard  and  esteem  of  all 
who  knew  him,  but  at  all  times  the  family  circle 
was  his  chief  attraction.  He  was  married  Sept.  12, 
1898,  to  Lillian  B.,  daughter  of  David  I'utnam 
Webster,  farmer  and  carpenter  of  Whitewater. 
Wis.;  she  survived  him,  with  two  sons:  George 
Webster  and  Charles  Porter  Greene.  He  died  at 
Elkhorn,  Wis.,  Dec.  4,  1915. 

GATES,  Jemuel  Clinton,  capitalist  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  Hartland,  Hartford  co., 
Conn.,  April  16,  1829,  son  of  Samuel  and  Lucy 
(Cuwdery)  Gates.  His  earliest  American  ancestor 
was  Captain  George  Gates,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land in  1650,  located  first  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  and 
subsequently  became  one  of  the  founders  of  New 
Haddam,  Conn.,  which  town  he  represented  in  the 
general  assembly  at  forty-four  regular  and  nine 
special  sessions.  His  wife  was  Sarah  Olmstead, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
Hunger!' ord ;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife, 
Hannah  Brainerd ;  their  son  Bezaleel  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Brainerd,  and  their  son  Aaron  and  his  wife, 
Elizabeth  Johnson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Jemuel  C.  Gates  was 
educated  at  the  district  school  of  Hartland,  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  became  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile 
establishment.  The  next  year  he  accepted  a  similar 
position  at  Tariffville,  where  he  displayed  such 
business  acumen  and  intelligence  that  within  an- 
other year  he  was  offered  and  accepted  a  position 
as  traveling  salesman  for  a  jewelry  house.  After 
six  years  on  the  road  he  accumulated  twenty-five 
hundred  dollars;  he  removed  to  Painesville,  O., 
and  the  next  year  purchased  a  farm  at  Blackberry, 
Station,  111.  In  1866  he  removed  to  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  William  Ken- 
dall in  the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  business  under 
the  firm  name  of  Gates  &  Kendall,  continuing  in 
that  capacity  until  1879,  when  the  firm  was  dis- 


solved on  his  retirement.  Meanwhile,  believing 
firmly  in  the  future  of  Kansas  City,  he  purchased 
several  tracts  of  land  as  an  investment.  Much  of 
this  property  was  acquired  during  1873—76,  follow- 
ing the  panic  that  was  general  throughout  the 
business  world.  At  his  death  his  was  the  largest 
landed  estate,  with  one  exception,  ever  owned  by 
one  man  in  the  history  of  Kansas  City.  He  built  the 
dates  Building,  and  was  owner  of  Dietz  Hill,  a 
twenty-five-acre  tract  on  Southwest  Boulevard.  He 
gave  liberally  to  various  charities,  including  a  site 
for  Mercy  Hospital,  in  memory  of  his  daughter 
Lulie  Adaline,  and  he  gave  a  parsonage  to  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
lie  lived  his  life  quietly  and  modestly.  lie  had  no 
taste  for  politics  and  invariably  refused  to  enter 
public  life.  He  was  married  in  October,  lsr>3,  to 
Jane  C.,  daughter  of  Milton  Hayes,  of  Granby, 
Conn.;  she  died  in  1912.  There  are  three  surviving 
children:  Nellie,  wife  of  Albert  Marty;  Mamie 
Jane,  wife  of  B.  T.  Whipple,  and  Marvin  Hayes 
Gates.  He  died  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  2,  1915. 
HUTCHINSON,  Octavus  Nelson,  manufac- 
turer, was  born  at  East  Abington  (now  Rockland), 
Mass.,  Feb.  26,  1862,  son  of  Henry  Blak,-,y  and 
Rebecca  Whiting  ( Wilkes)  Hutchinson,  ana  a  de- 
scendant of  Henry  Ilutchinson,  captain  of  a  Brit- 
ish sailing  vessel  plying  to  Boston,  where  he 
settled  about  17(>.">;  he  married  a  French  Huguenot, 
ami  their  son  Henry  married  Susannah  Leadi; 
their  son  Thomas  Leach  married  Catherine  Cade, 
and  was  the  grandfather  of  Octavus  Nelson  Hut- 
clnnscni.  He  was  educated  iu  the  grammar  and 
high  schools  of  Abington.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  began  his  wage-earning  career  by  feeding  shoe- 
nail  machines  in  a  tack  factory  at  Whitman,  Mass., 
subsequently  learning  the  trade  of  tack-maker  with 
the  Chicago  Tack  Co.,  Grand  Crossing,  111.  He  was 
journeyman  with  that  concern  during  1882-85; 
business  manager,  1886-90,  and  for  the  next  quar- 
ter of  a  century  was  with  the  Grand  Crossing  Tack 
Co.,  as  part  owner,  assistant  superintendent  (  lvi_ 
96),  general  manager  (1896-1900),  and  treasurer 
and  president  from  the  latter  year  until  1916,  when 
he  retired  from  business.  In  1891  the  Grand  Cross- 
ing Tack  Co.  was  a  small  concern  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  tacks.  Under  his  per- 
sonal direction  it  expanded  into  a  steel  and  wire 
business,  making  its  own  steel  in  open  hearth  fur- 
naces from  pig-iron  and  scrap ;  rolling  the  steel 
into  billets,  the  billets  into  rods,  and  drawing  the 
rods  into  wire,  converting  the  wire  into  tacks,  nails, 
liarlie.l  wire,  field  fence,  rivets,  etc.,  with  a  capac- 
ity of  approximately  60,000  tons  per  year,  and  a 
demand  for  its  products  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
This  was  accomplished  in  the  face  of  the  strong 
competition  of  large  concerns  operating  plants  of 
full  units  of  capacity  with  their  own  blast  fur- 
naces and  supplied  with  ore  and  fuel  from  their 
own  mines.  At  various  times  Mr.  Hutchinson  was 
president  of  several  business  associations  of  na- 
tional scope  and  character.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Iron  &  Steel  Institute,  the  New  England 
Society  of  Chicago,  the  Chicago  Association  of 
Commerce,  the  Grand  Crossing  Improvement  Club, 
and  of  the  South  Shore  Country  and  Union  League 
clubs,  Chicago.  From  1893  he  has  been  a  trustee 
of  Ingleside  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  Chicago, 
and  since  1882  a  teacher  in  its  Sunday  school. 
Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  and  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  civic  welfare  work.  He  was  married 
Aug.  30,  1.887,  to  S.  Adeline,  daughter  of  Edwin 
A.  Johnson,  a  contractor  of  Chicago ;  they  have 
three  children:  Bernice  Edwin,  Donald  John  and 
Robert  Nelson  Hutchinson. 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


DEAR,  Richard  Brierly,  railroad  contractor, 
was  born  at  Aldie,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  Apr.  7,  1850, 
son  of  George  W.  and  Sarah  A.  Dear.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  Blackshurg,  (Va.),  Agricul- 
tural College,  and  upon  reaching  his  majority  en- 
tered the  employ  of  his  brother,  J.  W.  Dear,  who 
was  at  that  time  government  agent  for  the  Sioux 
at  Red  Cloud  agency.  Here  he  remained  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  then  became  bookkeeper  for 
Thomas  Kurtz  who  held  the  contract  for  building 
the  Union  Pacific  railroad  through  the  state  of 
Wyoming.  Later  he  was  associated  with  Winston 
Bros.,  of  Minneapolis,  railroad  contractors,  and 
in  1885  was  made  a  member  of  that  firm,  which 
became  Winston  Bros.  &  Dear.  The  mining  branch 
of  the  business,  incorporated  as  Winston-Dear  Co., 
was  extensively  engaged  in  mining  operations  on  the 
Missauba  iron  range,  north  of  Duluth,  Minn.,  for 
over  twenty  years.  Under  Mr.  Dear's  management 
the  firm  became  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  mid- 
dle Northwest,  making  a  specialty  of  stripping 
mines.  In  Superior,  Wis.,  which  was  his  perma- 
nent residence,  he  took  an  active  interest  in  civic 
and  municipal  affairs,  although  he  never  sought 
public  otfiee.  He  took  part  in  many  reform  move- 
ments for  the  better  government  of  the  city,  and 
he  was  active  in  his  advocacy  and  in  his  support 
of  projects  looking  toward  the  commercial  develop- 
ment of  the  port.  Few  men  started  with  less  and 
accomplished  more  than  he,  and  his  usual  career 
will  always  be  looked  upon  as  strikingly  emblem- 
atic of  those  laudable  characteristics  which  re- 
veal American  manhood  in  its  most  virile  and  in- 
spiring form.  In  private  life  he  was  open-hearted, 
sincere  and  outspoken,  with  the  candor  of  positive 
truth.  He  was  married  Dec.  16,  1886,  to  Ridie, 
daughter  of  Malcolm  M.  Jamesson,  of  Ceuterville, 
Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  and  his.  surviving  children  are: 
Lillian,  wife  of  Dr.  William  F.  Patton,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  and  Richard  Douglas  Dear,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  He  died  at  Superior,  Wis.,  Dec. 
12,  1909. 

HATCH,  Henry  Reynolds,  merchant  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Grand  Isle,  Grand 
Isle  co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  8,  1831,  son  of  Abijah  B.  and 
Abigal  (Lyon)  Hatch.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  with  the  exception  of  six  months 
spent  in  the  Vermont  Episcopal  Institute,  Burling- 
ton, Vt.  While  still  a  young  man  he  went  to 
( 'leveland,  O.,  and  entered  into  the  dry-goods  busi- 
ness. The  firm  of  H.  R.  Hatch  &  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  the  head,  was  the  most  conspicuous  mer- 
cantile firm  dealing  in  dry-goods  in  Northern  Ohio, 
and  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  in  the  Central 
Western  states.  In  1902  the  firm  was  succeeded 
by  the  Morehouse  Co.  Thereafter  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  Cleveland  Storage  Co.,  the  First 
National  Bank,  the  Society  for  Savings  and  the 
Cleveland  Arcade  Co.  Mr.  Hatch  was  known  as  a 
philanthropist  of  broad  sympathies  and  far-reach- 
ing beneficence.  He  built  the  Lida  Baldwin  In- 
fant R«st,  and  erected  also  a  library  building  for 
Western  Reserve  University,  known  as  the  Hatch 
Library;  also  he  was  president  of  the  Lakeview 
Cemetery  Association,  for  a  long  period  of  years, 
to  which  he  gave  his  untiring  attention,  making 
many  improvements,  and  the  gift  of  an  office 
building.  Mr.  Hatch  was  vice-president  of  the 
Humane  Society  of  Ohio,  a  trustee  of  the  Women  's 
Christian  Association,  the  Western  Reserve  Uni- 
versity, the  Cleveland  Museum  of  Art,  and  Lake- 
side Hospital.  His  clubs  were  the  Union  and  Coun- 
try, of  Cleveland;  and  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Cleveland  Chamber  of  Commerce.  In  religious  faith 
he  was  a  Presbyterian.  In  all  his  dealings  he  dis- 


played a  character  far  finer  even  than  his  best 
works;  for  in  him  public  spirit,  philanthropy, 
suavity  and  energy  were  conspicuous.  Mr.  Hatch 
was  twice  married:  (1)  in  1857,  to  Lida,  daughter 
of  S.  I.  Baldwin,  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  She "died 
in  18S6,  and  he  was  married  (2)  to  Mary  C., 
daughter  of  Leonard  P.  Browne,  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
His  children  were:  Alice  Gertrude,  wife  of 
Charles  L.  Pack,  of  Lakewood,  N.  J.;  Anne  Louise, 
wife  of  Edwin  Meyer,  of  Cleveland;  Esther  M. ; 
and  Henry  R.  Hatch.  He  died  in  Cleveland,  O., 
May  20,  1915. 

MARSHALL,  Kennedy,  lawyer  and  oil  oper- 
ator, was  born  in  old  Cranberry  (now  Adams) 
twp.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  July  21,  1834,  son  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Gilliland)  Marshall.  His  father  was 
one  of  the  early  associate  judges  of  the  county 
anil  a  leader  in  public  affairs;  lie  was  also  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  Kennedy  Marshall  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Butler  county  and  under  private  tutors, 
lie'  was  graduated  at  old  Jefferson  (now  Wash- 
ington &  Jefferson)  College,  then  at  Canonsburg, 
Pa.,  in  1S58  with  the  degree  A.B.  In  1856,  while 
a  student  at  that  institution,  he  sat  in  the  conven- 
tion at  Pittsburgh  which  culminated  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Republican  party  and  it  was  his 
good  fortune  on  that  occasion  to  hear  the  political 
-perches  of  such  men  as  Henry  Clay,  Daniel  Web- 
ster and  Leslie  Combs.  After  leaving  college  he 
studied  law  in  Pittsburgh  with  Marshall  &  Brown, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1*59;  and  in  that  year  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Pittsburgh.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania from  Allegheny  county.  He  was  the  means 
of  having  Pres.-elect  Lincoln  visit.  Harrisburg, 
Feb.  22,  fS61,  to  raise  the  flag  on  the  state  capitol. 
Subsequently,  he  was  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run  in  company  with  the  celebrated  war  corre- 
spondent of  the  London  "Times,"  known  in  his- 
tory as  "Bull  Run"  Russell,  and  he  was  later 
asked  to  make  a  personal  report  of  his  conception 
of  the  Federal  rout  to  Pres.  Lincoln.  Afterward 
he  was  at  Gettysburg  for  the  dedication  of  the  .\a 
tional  Cemetery,  and  with  Mrs.  Marshall  heard 
Lincoln's  farrous  speech.  In  1865  he  relinquished 
his  law  practice  in  Pittsburgh  because  of  impaired 
health.  He  practiced  in  a  desultory  way  in  New 
York  city  for  several  years,  and  because" of  his  ill 
health  retired  to  Butler,  Pa.,  in  1X71,  resuming 
active  practice  at  the  latter  place  in  1872,  and  con- 
tinuing there  for  'thirty  years,  when  he  again  re 
tired  from  active  professional  cares,  because  of 
failing  sight.  Meanwhile,  he  had  been  engaged  as 
the  representative  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
in  New  York  and  in  Boston  for  a  number  of  years. 
Having  become  interested  in  oil  properties  he  re- 
moved, in  1904,  to  Tulsa,  Okla.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics  he  was 
a  Republican.  He  held  membership  in  various  bar 
associations  of  Pittsburgh,  Boston,  New  York  and 
Butler,  Pa.  Kennedy  Marshall  was  a  man  of 
splendid  capabilities,  and  had  numbered  among 
his  intimates  Lincoln  and  other  great  men  of  the 
nation.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkably  keen  in- 
tellect, and  in  his  practice  was  always  able  quickly 
to  discover  the  flaws  in  his  opponent 's  argument. 
He  hated  sham  and  hypocrisy,  and  was  swift  to 
condemn  these  traits,  whenever  he  met  them.  He 
was  married  July  21,  1859,  to  Ann  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  William  J.  Totten  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
She  died  in  1902,  leaving  one  child :  Elizabeth 
Totten  Marshall,  Tulsa,  Okla.,  Kennedy  Marshall 
died  at  Tulsa,  Okla.,  Mar.  17,  1917. 


- 


100 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


ADAMS,  Theodore  Louis,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  at  Radnor,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  Apr. 
1,  1858,  son  of  George  Bowdoin  and  Sarah  (Burd- 
sall)  Adams;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Mary 
(Maylaud)  Adams,  and  great-grandson  of  Samuel 
Adams,  the  statesman.  His  father  was  IT.  S.  con- 
sul at  Alicoste,  Spain,  in  1843.  Theodore  L. 
Adams  was  educated  in  the  Media  public  schools, 
Shortlidge  Academy,  and  the  Friends'  Central 
High  School  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  graduated 
M.D.  at  the  Hnhnemann  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, in  1880,  and  for  nine  years  thereafter 
conducted  a  general  practice  in  that  city.  After 
188!)  he  specialized  in  conservative  rectal  surgery, 
a  branch  of  surgical  science  that  hitherto  had  at- 
tracted slight  attention  of  the  profession.  He  was 
an  unerring  diagnostician  and  a  skillful  operator, 
and  he  became  recognized  as  the  leading  authority 
in  his  chosen  field.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  Amer- 
ican College  of  Surgeons:  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homo?opathy;  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  ;  Philadelphia 
County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society;  Tri-County 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  and  the  German- 
town  Medical  Club.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
clinical  instructor  at  Hahnemann  College,  and 
from  1011  until  his  death  the  surgical  consultant 
at  Hahnemann  Hospital.  He  was  a  thirty-second 
degree  Mason,  a  member  of  Cassia  Lodge  No.  273, 
Montgomery  Chapter  No.  26,  Philadelphia  Con- 
sistory, and  Mary  Commandery.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Union  League  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  Philadelphia  Yacht  Club.  Dr.  Adams  was  mar- 
ried in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  23,  1879,  to  Grace 
Irene,  daughter  of  William  Knight  of  Devon,  I'a., 
and  had  two  sons,  deceased,  and  one  daughter, 
Marion  Frances  Adams.  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Apr.  12,  1917. 

JOHNSON.  Charles  Williamson,  civil  engi- 
neer, was  born  at  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  20,  1845, 
son  of  William  Henry  and  Harriet  Livermore 
(McCarthy)  Johnson;  grandson  of  Oran  and  Sarah 
(Lobdell)  Johnson,  and  great  grandson  of  Elihu 
and  Sarah  (Webb)  Johnson.  Both  liis  grandfather 
and  his  father  were  physicians.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  Johnstown  Academy,  and 
for  two  years  was  a  student  in  France.  He  was 
graduated  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
in  1866  with  the  degree  C.E.,  and  began  his  pro- 
fessional career  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  1867  as  an 
assistant  in  the  office  of  the  chief  engineer  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway  Co., 
continuing  three  years  in  that  capacity.  In  Is7l) 
he  became  assistant  engineer  of  construction  on  the 
Chicago  &  South  Western  Railway  ("Rock  Island" 
system).  After  a  year  he  became  assistant  and 
then  division  engineer  on  construction  with  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railway  Co.,  remaining  seven 
years  in  the  service  of  that  company.  In  1879  he 
was  appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  &  Minneapolis  Railway  Co.,  and  its  successor, 
the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Rail- 
way Co.,  and  since  1913  has  been  consulting  engi- 
neer of  that  road.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Civil 
Engineers'  Society,  St.  Paul;  Minnesota  Club,  St. 
Paul;  Chicago  Engineers  Club,  Chicago,  and  of  the 
Delta  Phi  Club  »f  the  Middle  West,  Chicago.  He 
was  married  June  14,  1*75,  to  Maria  Cornelia, 
daughter  of  Nelson  C.  Bronson,  of  Menasha,  Wis. ; 
they  have  four  children :  Harriet  Livermore,  wife 
of  Frederick  K.  Mahler;  William  Lobdell;  Maria 
Louise,  wife  of  •*  rthur  E.  Gilbert,  and  Elizabeth 
Ker,  wife  of  Maj.  Walter  R.  Weaver,  U.  S.  A. 

BULLOCK,  Miles  Wayne,  soldier  and  civil 
engineer,  was  born  at  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  July  26, 


1844,  son  of  Wayne  and  Cornelia  Elizabeth  (Skin- 
ner) Bullock.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Richard  Bullock,  a  native  of  Essex, 
England,  who  at  the  age  of  twelve  came  with 
Roger  Williams,  in  1635,  and  with  his  brothers 
Samuel  and  William  located  first  at  Salem,  Mass., 
and  in  1643  settled  at  Rehobeth,  Mass.  His  wife 
was  Elizabeth  Ingraham,  and  from  them  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Samuel  and 
his  wife  Thankful  Reneff ;  their  son  Seth  and  his 
wife  Experience  Baker;  their  son  Benjamin  and 
his  wife  Jane  Keltou;  their  son  Hezekiah  and 
his  wife  Abigail  Aldrich,  and  their  son  Simeon 
and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Merrill,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Miles  Wayne  Bullock.  His 
father,  a  farmer,  was  the  owner  of  several  plaster 
mills  and  owned  and  operated  canal  boats  to 
supply  them.  The  son  was  educated  ill  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  at  Sherburne  Academy.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the  61st 
N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf.  His  hands  and  wrists  were  broken 
ill  the  Seven  Days  Fight.  Upon  recovery  he  re-en- 
listed in  battery  A,  1st  N.  Y.  Vol.  light  artillery, 
serving  at  Chambersbury,  Pa.,  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  being  mustered  out  at  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
After  the  war  he  was  employed  in  surveying  work 
and  became  a  civil  engineer.  He  took  up  his 
residence  at  Howell,  Mich.,  and  for  approximately 
thirty  years  served  as  surveyor  of  Livingston 
county.  He  also  served  two  terms  as  register  of 
deeds  of  that  county;  was  for  a  number  of 
years  drain  commissioner,  and  also  served  as 
government  surveyor  of  Gratiot  county.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  His  political  affilia- 
tion is  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  is  a 
communicant  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church.  He 
was  married  nt  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  July  24,  1866, 
to  Cordelia  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  W. 
Sexton,  a  farmer  of  Howell,  Mich.;  they  have  one 
child:  Delia  Edith  Bullock. 

BARBER,  Grove  Etting-er,  educator,  was  born 
in  Freedom  township,  Portage  county,  O.,  Nov. 
1,  1843,  son  of  Myron  Alphonso  and  Marinda 
Lucetta  (Streeter)  Barber.  He  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  at  Freedom  Academy  and  was 
graduated  A.B.  at  Western  Reserve  Eclectic,  In- 
stitution (now  Hiram  College)  in  1871,  receiving 
the  degree  of  A.M.  three  years  later.  During  1861- 
<>-  he  taught  school  near  Ravenna,  O.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  I,  104th  Ohio  Vol.  Inf.,  being  de- 
tailed as  a  musician.  He  participated  in  the 
siege  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
the  battles  of  Franklin,  Nashville  and  Town  Creek, 
and  the  capture  of  Wilmington  as  well  as  various 
other  engagements.  He  was  honorably  mustered 
out  of  the  service  in  June,  1865.  The  following 
winter  he  taught  in  a  country  school  near  Canal 
Dover,  O.  During  his  last  three  years  at  Hiram 
College  he  served  as  undergraduate  tutor.  He  was 
superintendent  of  village  schools  in  Rock  Creek, 
O.,  in  1871-72,  and  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin 
in  Hiram  College  for  the  ensuing  nine  years.  In 
1881—82  he  served  as  superintendent  of  city  schools 
at  Grand  Island,  Neb.,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  the  latter  year  to  become  professor  of  Roman 
history  and  literature  in  the  State  University  of 
Nebraska,  a  position  he  still  occupies.  He  is  very 
fond  of  his  work  and  is  an  enthusiastic  and 
efficient  teacher.  Prof.  Barber  was  a  member  of 
the  first  board  of  examiners  for  teachers'  certifi- 
cates in  Nebraska  in  1881,  and  that  same  year 
organized  the  Central  Nebraska  Teachers '  Asso- 
ciation, which  is  still  extant.  In  1887-88  he  was 
dean  of  the  academic  faculty  of  the  University  of 


THEODORE  L.  ADAMS 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


CHARLES  W.  JOHNSON 

CIVIL  ENGINEER 


MILES  W.  BULLOCK 

SOLDIER  AND  CIVIL  ENGINEER 


GROVE  E.  BARBER 
EDUCATOR 


RICHARD  W.  PHILLIPS 
STOCK  RAISER 


CHARLES  C.  BLOOMFIELD 
MERCHANT 


EVERET  B.  MERRI  \M 
BANKER 


DAVID  WALKER 
SURGEON 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


1111 


Nebraska,  H"e  was  chairman  of  the  jury  of 
awards  of  the  departments  of  education  and 
social  economy  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition 
in  San  Francisco  in  1915.  He  is  the  author  of 
"Latin  Charts"  (1893);  "A  Synopsis  of  Latin 
Grammar ' '  ( 1894) ,  and  a  college  edition  of  ' '  Plau- 
tus'  Captivi"  (1899).  In  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican, ami  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church, 
sometimes  called  the  Disciples  of  Christ.  In  1905 
he  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  vice-president 
in  Chicago  of  the  Classical  Association  of  the 
Middle  West  and  South,  and  in  1913  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  entire  association.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  American  Philological  As- 
sociation, Archaeological  Institute  of  America, 
Chicago  Society,  Nebraska  Art  Association 
(former  president),  and  the  Appomattox  post, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  Lincoln,  which  he  served  as  com- 
mander.  He  has  been  twice  married:  (1)  June 
24,  1868,  to  Esther  Bates,  daughter  of  Ira  Gard- 
ner, of  Freedom,  O.,  by  whom  he  had  four  chil- 
dren: Lena  Aldula,  wife  of  Rev.  Louis  A.  Hus- 
song;  Harry  Gardner,  a  teacher  in  De  Witt  Clin- 
ton High  School,  New  York  city,  and  who  also 
does  entomological  work  for  the  state  of  New 
York;  Alphonso  Grove,  and  Vergil  Cassius  Bar- 
ber. Mrs.  Barber  died  in  November,  1895,  and 
he  was  married  (2)  Sept.  3,  1901,  to  Ida  Emeliue, 
daughter  of  Oliver  Hayes  Mack,  a  farmer  near 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

PHILLIPS,  Kicliard  William,  cattleman,  was 
born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  Feb.  4,  1845,  sou  of  Heury 
and  Maria  Jane  (Smith)  Phillips.  He  came  to 
this  country  with  his  parents  in  1850,  and  settled 
in  Chicago,  111.,  where  he  attended  the  public  and 
high  schools,  and  shortly  after  graduation  from  the 
latter  he  enlisted  in  Co.  I,  134th  111.  volunteers, 
with  which  he  served  throughout  the  civil  war, 
receiving  his  honorable  discharge  in  October,  1804. 
Returning  home  he  became  associated  with  his 
father  in  the  packing  business.  While  still  in  his 
twenties  he  made  an  extended  tour  of  the  West, 
and  after  careful  inspection  realized  the  many  ad- 
vantages offered.  Together  with  other  prominent 
businessmen  he  organized  the  Comanche  Pool  in 
1876,  and  was  elected  chairman  of  the  board  of 
directors.  This  company  raised  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  cattle  on  the  "plains  of  several  western 
states  in  the  days  when  fences  and  boundaries  were 
unknown,  and  it  was  one  of  the  first  to  operate 
ranches  on  a  large  scale.  When,  during  Pres. 
Cleveland's  administration,  the  cattlemen  were 
ordered  to  remove  all  cattle  from  the  western 
plains,  the  Phillips  division  was  moved  to  Montana, 
with  headquarters  about  fifty  miles  northwest  of 
Miles  City,  .and  was  operated  for  a  number  of 
years  under  the  name  of  Phillips  Land  &  Cattle 
Co.  In  1906  the  company  was  taken  over  by 
Swift  &  Co.,  packers,  at  which  time  Mr.  Phillips 
retired  from  active  business.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican,  and  his  religious  affiliations  were  with 
the  Episcopal  church.  His  favorite  recreation  was 
hunting,  and  he  was  considered  one  of  the  best 
rifle  shots  in  the  country.  Mr.  Phillips  was  for 
many  years  an  active  member  of  the  Chicago 
Board  of  Trade;  was  an  enthusiastic  Mason, 
having  been  a  life  member  of  the  Waubansia  lodge, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  South  Shore  Country  and 
Chicago  Athletic  clubs.  He  was  a  man  of  strict 
business  integrity,  wliose  word  was  as  good  as  his 
bond.  Ho  was  often  called  upon  to  settle  disputes, 
and  his  decisions  were  never  questioned.  Possessed 
of  a  strong  character  and  lofty  ideals,  he  was  held 
in  the  highest  esteem  by  all  who  knew  him.  Mr. 
Phillips  was  married  Dec.  10,  1884,  to  Lura,  daugh- 


ter of  Lewis  Bradshaw,  of  England,  and  they  had 
three  children:  Henry  Remington;  Lura,  wife  of 
Joseph  Oswald  Schreiner;  and  Richard  William 
Phillips.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  May  6,  1916. 

BLOOMFIELD,  Charles  Cunningham,  mer- 
chant and  banker,  was  born  at  Sandstone,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Mich.,  Dec.  26,  1843,  son  of  Giles  and 
Cornelia  (Williams)  Bloomfield.  His  father  was  a 
fanner.  Charles  Cunningham  Bloomfield  received 
his  education  in  the  district  school  at  Sandstone, 
and  at  twenty  began  a  business  career  with  Bliss 
&  Ingalls,  Jackson,  Mich.,  as  bookkeeper.  In  1869 
he  became  associated  with  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  as 
Michigan  representative,  with  offices  in  Detroit, 
Grand  Rapids  and  Jackson.  In  1SS3,  upon  the 
organization  of  the  Union  Bank,  of  Jackson,  he 
was  chosen  vice-president  and  in  1904  was  elected 
president,  which  office  he  still  (1918)  holds.  For 
ten  years  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Jackson 
Hospital  board,  and  he  holds  membership  in  the 
Meadow  Heights  Country  Club,  Jackson.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  horses  and  automobiling. 
He  is  a  communicant  of  the  St.  Paul 's  Church, 
and  his  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican 
party,  although  he  has  no  taste  for  practical  poli- 
tics and  has  never  cared  to  hold  public  office.  He 
was  married  Oct.  9,  18TO,  to  Sarah  L.,  daughter 
of  Benjamin  Collier,  a  farmer,  of  Concord,  Mich.; 
they  have  two  sous:  Arthur  C.,  a  banker,  and 
Leigh  C.  Bloomfield,  a  manufacturer. 

MEERIAM,  Everet  Brooks,  banker,  was  born 
at  .Jnliiison,  Vt.,  June  30,  1835.  Samuel  Merriam, 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  merchant  at  Johnson, 
Vt.  The  son  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  began  his  business 
career  in  the  mercantile  house  founded  by  his  par- 
ent, eventually  succeeding  the  latter  as  proprietor. 
In  1S88  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Topeka,  Kan., 
where  he  became  interested  in  the  mortgage  busi- 
ness conducted  by  T.  E.  Bowman  &  Co.  In  1892 
he  bought  out  the  partners  in  that  company  anil 
established  the  Merriam  Mortgage  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  president  until  his  death,  and  which  con- 
ducted a  successful  business  in  Kansas  farm  lands, 
while  he  personally  invested  heavily  in  Topeka 
real  estate  and  property  throughout  Shawnee 
county.  He  was  the  founder  and  first  president 
of  the  first  banking  house  to  be  established  at 
Rossville,  Kan.;  was  a  director  in  the  Central  Na- 
tional Bank.  Topeka,  and  was  interested  in  various 
other  financial,  as  well  as  commercial  and  indus- 
trial institutions  in  his  adopted  city.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  Central  Congregational  Church, 
Topeka,  and  was  a  factor  in  the  charitable  and 
religious  welfare  work  of  that  denomination.  In 
association  with  a  cousin  he  gave  the  present  Con- 
gregational church  edifice  to  Seabrook,  a  suburb 
of  Topeka.  He  was  married  at  Randolph,  Vt.. 
Jan.  25,  1859,  to  Sarah  P.  Dillingham,  who  sur- 
vives him  with  three  children:  Frank  D.,  Carroll 
B.  and  May  Ellen,  who  married  Charles  M.  Shel- 
don. Mr.  Merriam  died  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  May  24, 
1915. 

WALKER,  David,  physician,  surgeon  and  er- 
plorer,  was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  Dec.  28,  1837, 
son  of  David  and  Anne  (Turtle)  Walker.  His 
father  was  an  English  army  officer  and  his  mother 
was  an  Irish  gentlewoman.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Royal  Academical  Institution  ami  at  Queen 's 
College,  and  was  graduated  M.D.  at  Queen's  Uni- 
versity, Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1856,  when  nineteen 
years'of  age,  being  the  youngest  graduate  at  that 
institution.  In  April,  1857,  be  became  a  licentiate 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  Dublin,  anil 
that  same  year  was  appointed  surgeon  and  natural- 


102  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

ist  to  accompany  Sir  F.  L.  McClintoek,  on  the  ship  displayed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty;  liked  the 
Fox,  in  search  of  the  Franklin  expedition  which  citizenship  and  the  community;  he  made  the 
was  lost  in  the  Arctic  regions,  receiving  for  his  interests  of  both  his  interests,  and  in  personal 
services  the  Victorial  medal.  After  amplifying  effort  and  financial  aid  he  manifested  his  love 
his  notes  and  arranging  the  thousands  of  speci-  and  affection  for  La  Eue  in  no  uncertain  man- 
mens  brought  back  from  the  islands  and  main-  uer.  He  was  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  and 
land,  the  wanderlust  again  seized  him,  and  in  a  member  also  of  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
1861  he  visited  the  western  coast  of  North  Ameri-  Order  of  Elks  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
ca  to  secure  specimens  of  flora  for  the  British  gov-  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
eminent.  Deciding  to  make  the  United  States  party.  His  integrity  was  of  that  rare  type 
his  future  home,  he  joined  the  U.  S.  army,  in  which  is  never  questioned,  and  his  personal  char- 
1865,  as  surgeon,  and  served  for  sixteen  years,  aeter  through  all  the  years  was  one  of  un- 
taking  part  in  Indian  campaigns  in  various  parts  broken  geniality.  He  was  married  on  Sept.  12. 
of  the  northwest.  In  1887  he  moved  to  Port-  1865,  to  Matt'ie,  daughter  of  Samuel  Wilson, 
land,  Ore.,  and  thereafter  made  that  city  his  of  Waldo  township,  Marion  county,  O.  She 
home.  In  1896  he  was  appointed  grand  medical  survives  him  with  one  child,  Zoa,  wife  of  Dr. 
examiner  for  Oregon  for  the  Ancient  Order  of  William  J.  Keyes,  of  Spokane,  Wash.  He  died 
United  Workmen,  and  retained  the  position  until  at  Spokane,  Wash.,  Nov.  7,  1915. 
his  death.  Dr.  Walker  maintained  his  interest  in  WHITING,  Charles  Sunnier,  jurist,  was  born 
polar  exploration  to  the  close  of  his  life  and  was  in  Olmsted  county,  Minn.,  May  25,  1863,  son  of 
considered  one  of  the  best  authorities  on  this  sub-  Ami  Nelson  and  Mariette  (Rice)  Whiting  and 
ject  in  the  world.  Always  a  student,  he  read  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Whiting,  a  native  of 
French.  Latin  and  Greek  with  ease,  and  his  knowl-  England,  who  came  over  to  the  colonies  about 
edge  of  the  English  classics  was  equaled  by  few.  16o5  and  settled  at  Dodham,  Mass.,  married 
He  was  a  man  of  generosity,  and  simplicity  of  Hannah  Dwight  and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
character.  One  of  the  pleasing  incidents  of  his  through  nseir  sou  Samuel,  who  married  Sarah 
later  life  was  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the  Metcalf,  their  son  Josiah,  who  married  Eliza- 
National  Portrait  Gallery,  of  London,  advising  him  beth  Grant;  their  son  Caleb,  whose  second  wife 
that  he  and  a  few  others  were  the  only  living  was  Mrs.  Hannah  Southeworth ;  their  son  Tim- 
persons  to  enjoy  the  distinction  of  having  their  othy,  who  married  Dorcas  Fairbanks;  their  son 
portrait  admitted  to  this  gallery.  He  was  a  fel-  Ellis,  who  married  Laura  Rice,  and  was  the 
low  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  and  of  the  grandfather  of  Judge  Whiting.  He  studied  law 
Linnean  Society,  of  London;  corresponding  mem-  at  the  Universities  of  Michigan  and  Minnesota 
ber  of  the  Royal  Zoological  Society;  member  of  and  was  graduated  LL.B.  at  the  latter  in  1889. 
the  Portland  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  of  other  That  year  the  state  of  South  Dakota  was  formed, 
scientific  and  social  organizations.  He  was  mar-  and  he  was  attracted  to  the  new  state  as  a  place 
ried,  Sept.  29,  1871,  to  Annie  Booth,  daughter  of  °f  settlement  for  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Thomas  Lee,  of  Tavistock,  England,  and  their  Locating  in  De  Smet,  he  quickly  established  a 
living  children  are:  Ethel  C.,  wife  of  Charles  F.  successful  law  business.  After  serving  as  attor- 
Frank;  Constance  B.,  Evelyn  A.,  wife  of  Thomas  «ey  of  Kiugsbury  county  for  two  terms  of  four 
Steel:  Maude  G.,  wife  of  Hunter  Stirzaker,  and  yea™  each  (1893-91  and  1899-1903),  he  was 
Franklin  S.  T.  Walker.  He  died  at  Portland,  Ore.,  selected  judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  circuit,  and 
May  11.  1917.  served  until  190S,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
LEONARD,  James  Herron,  banker,  was  highest  tribunal  in  the  state.  The  supreme  court 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  19,  1842,  was  then  composed  of  Presiding  Judge  Dick 
son  of  William  and  Mary  (Van  Ort)  Leonard,  Haney  and  Associate  Judge  Dighton  Corson. 
and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Leonard,  who  came  Judge  Whiting  took  his  seat  on  Dec.  1,  1908,  as 
to  this  country  from  England,  in  1652,  and  the  successor  of  Howard  G.  Fuller,  deceased.  He 
settled  at  Rynham,  Mass.,  where  he  became  was  presiding  judge  for  the  years  1910,  1913  and 
one  of  the  pioneer  iron  masters  of  America.  I918-  Justice  Whiting  is  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
From  him  and  his  wife  (name  unknown)  the  ican  Bar  Association,  the  South  Dakota  Bar  Asso- 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  SOB  ciation,  and  the  Conference  on  Uniform  State 
Caleb  and  his  wife,  Ann  Haywood,  and  their  Laws.  He  was  married  Nov.  4,  1891.  to  Mary  G., 
son  Daniel  and  his  wife,  Lucretia  Jennings,  who  'laughter  of  William  Mitchell  of  Dover,  Minn., 
were  the  grandparents  of  our  subject.  In  1854  and  after  her  death  in  1897,  he  was  again  mar- 
James  H.  Leonard  removed  with  his  parents  to  rierl  July  22>  WOO,  to  Elinor  daughter  of  Julia 
Delaware  county,  O.  He  received  his  education  A-  Hilton  of  Erwin,  S.  Dak.  His  children  are: 
in  the  public  schools:  remained  on  the  paternal  Mariette,  Fred  Nelson,  Charles  Hillon,  and  Elinor 
farm  until  1864,  and  after  a  year  spent  at  Fort  Whiting. 

Leavenworth,  Kan.,  he  returned  to  Ohio,  and  WILSON,  James,  globe-maker,  was  born  in 
for  three  years  was  employed  in  various  clerical  Londonderry,  N.  H.,  Mar.  15,  1763,  son  of 
capacities 'at  La  Rue.  He  then  embarked  in  James  Wilson  and  grandson  of  Alexander  Wil- 
business  for  himself,  and  the  old  dry  goods  firm  son,  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Londonderry, 
of  Hopkins  &  Leonard  at  La  Rue  "was  one  of  N-.  H;>  in  3719.  He  early  learned  the  black- 
the  most  substantial  Marion  county  enterprises  smith's  trade  and  followed  that  and  farming 
of  its  day.  Some  twenty  years  later  he  estab-  until  he  removed  with  has  family  to  Bradford, 
lished  a  private  bank  under  the  name  of  the  Vt.,  in  1795.  He  had  long  been  interested  in 
La  Rue  bank,  which  in  1902  was  incorporated  geography,  and  learning  that  there  were  some 
as  The  La  Rue  Bank  Co.,  and  he  became  cashier  globes  in  the  possession  of  Dartmouth  College, 
and  subsequently  vice-president,  continuing  in  he  stopped  on  his  way  to  Bradford  to  see  them, 
that  capacity  until  his  death.  He  assisted  in  He  was  so  impressed  with  them  that  he  deter- 
the  organization  of  the  La  Rue  Telephone  Co.,  mined  to  make  a  pair  of  globes  for  himself. 
and  for  years  was  its  president;  and  he  was  Feeling  the  deficiency  of  his  education,  he  pur- 
interested  in  various  other  commercial  and  in-  chased  the  third  edition  of  the  Encyclopedia 
dustrial  corporations  in  his  adopted  town.  Hu  Britannica,  and  from  it  studied  about  geography, 


•cJL 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


103 


astronomy,  maps,  globes  and  engraving.  He 
turned  out  wooden  balls  and  covered  them  with 
paper  shells,  which  he  cut  off  and  fastened  to 
get  her  again.  He  taught  himself  the  art  of  en- 
graving and  spent  a  year  laboriously  preparing 
copper  plates  for  the  globe  maps,  and  even 
made  his  own  tools  and  press.  In  1796  he  fin- 
ished the  first  globe  ever  made  in  America,  and 
upon  showing  it  to  Dr.  Morse,  author  of  a  work 
on  geography  in  Boston,  learned  that  his  plates 
were  faulty.  Nothing  daunted,  he  engraved  a 
new  set  for  a  pair  of  globes,  one  terrestrial  and 
the  other  celestial.  He  began  to  sell  globes 
some  time  before  1810,  charging  fifty  dollars  for 
a  pair.  A  pair  exhibited  at  Boston  in  1814 
called  forth  great  praise  for  their  accuracy  and 
beauty  and  were  considered  both  cheaper  and 
better  than  those  of  English  make.  After  mak- 
ing globes  at  Bradford  for  some  time,  the  in- 
creased demand  made  it  advisable  to  move  to 
a  more  central  location,  and,  with  his  son  John, 
he  opened  a  factory  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  under  the 
name  of  J.  Wilson  &  Son  in  1816.  In  1826  a 
new  and  improved  edition  of  the  globes  was 
made.  His  celestial  globe  recording  5,000  stars 
was  made  in  three,  nine  and  thirteen  inches, 
elegantly  mounted  on  mahogany  bases,  and  sold 
for  from  five  to  fifty-five  dollars  a  pair.  In 
1827  a  pair  of  globes  was  exhibited  at  the 
Library  of  Congress,  Washington.  When  eighty- 
three  years  of  age,  Mr.  Wilson  designed  an  im- 
proved orrery, which  he  called  a  "Planetarium," 
engraving  the  plates  himself.  He  was  married 
three  times:  First,  about  17S4,  to  Molly  High- 
land, of  Londonderry,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  had 
a-  son,  James,  who  became  a  well  known  sen 
captain.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  Donaldson, 
also  of  Londonderry,  by  whom  he  had  ten  chil- 
dren ;  three  died  young  and  the  others  were : 
Sally,  who  married  Stephen  Tabor  of  Bradford: 
Sr.muel;  John;  David;  Boyd  H. ;  Eliza,  who 
married  a  Mr.  Wilson  of  New  York,  and  Mary, 
who  married  a  Mr.  Van  York  of  New  York. 
His  third  wife  was  Agnes  McDuffee  of  Brad- 
ford, Yt.,  by  whom  he  had  three  daughters: 
Agnes;  Mary  Anne,  who  married  Willard  Water- 
man of  Norwich,  Yt.,  and  Jane,  who  married 
William  Waterman,  brother  of  Willard  Water- 
man. He  always  made  his  home  at  Bradford, 
Yt.,  where  he  greatly  interested  himself  in 
school  matters,  and  died  there,  Mar.  26,  1855. 

COLBY,  Edward  Allen,  engineer,  was  born 
in  St.  Johnsbnry,  Yt.,  Aug.  1,  1857,  son  of  James 
Kelsey  and  Sarah  A.  (Pierce)  Colby.  The  first 
of  his  family  in  this  country  was  Anthony  Colby 
(q.v.),  who  came  from  Beccles,  England,  in  1630, 
and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son 
Thomas,  who  married  Hannah  Powell;  their  son 
Isaac,  who  married  Hannah  Getchell;  their  son 
David,  who  married  Elizabeth  -  — ;  their  son 
David,  who  married  Polly  Randall;  their  son 
Isaac,  who  married  Lucy  Berry,  and  was  the 
grandfather  of  Edward  A.  Colby.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  St.  Johnsbury  (Vt.)  Academy,  of  which 
his  father  had  been  principal  for  twenty-four 
years,  the  New  Haven  (Conn.)  high  school  and 
Yale  College,  where  he  was  graduated  Ph.B.  in 
1880.  Having  specialized  in  chemistry  and 
physics  at  Yale,  he  became  interested  in  the  many 
problems  in  the  field  of  electrical  engineering 
first  in  the  employ  of  the  United  States  Electric 
Lighting  Co.  of  New  York,  and  later  with  Edward 
Westou  (q.v.),  who  was  chief  electrician  of  the 
above  company,  and  later  manufacturer  of  electri- 
cal measuring  instruments  in  Newark,  N.  J.  Mr. 


Colby  installed  some  of  the  earliest  electric  light- 
ing plants  in  New  York  city,  including  the  first  to 
be  used  on  the  ferry  boats  of  the  Hudson  river. 
During  1882-86  he  conducted  innumerable  experi- 
ments on  the  perfection  and  commercial  produc- 
tion of  the  modem  incandescent  lamp.  In  1886  he 
took  a  special  post-graduate  course  at  Yale,  and  in 
that  year  he  perfected  and  patented  the  electric 
induction  furnace,  the  distinguishing  improve- 
ment over  other  electric  furnaces  being  the  absence 
of  current  conducting  electrodes,  develiv  ing  the 
electric  current  utilized  in  melting  directly  in  the 
crucible  charge  by  magnetic  induction.  This  in- 
vention made  possible  for  the  first  time  the  melt- 
ing and  casting  of  refined  metals  and  alloys.  By 
means  of  this  furnace  Mr.  Colby  was  the  first  to 
make  what  is  now  known  as  electric  crucible  steel 
in  the  United  States,  the  first  commercial  run  be- 
ing made  in  1906  at  the  saw  works  of  Henry  Diss- 
ton  &  Sons,  Philadelphia.  The  furnace  for  this 
test  had  a  charge  capacity  of  200  pounds  of  stcrl. 
The  furnaces  in  use  at  the  present  time  have  from 
one  and  a  half  to  fifteen  ton  charge  capacity 
and  are  in  use  all  over  the  world.  Three 
basic  patents  for  this  furnace  were  granted  to  Mr. 
Colby  in  1890,  followed  by  several  others  at  later 
dates.  In  recognition  of  this  invention  he  was 
awarded  the  John  Scott  premium  and  medal  by 
the  Franklin  Institute  in  1911.  For  two  years 
(1887-89)  he  was  consulting  engineer  for  several 
incandescent  lamp  manufacturing  companies  in- 
cluding the  Westinghouse  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  the 
Consolidated  Electric  Co.  and  the  Sawyer-Man 
Electric  Co.  of  New  York  city.  In  1889  he  re- 
turned to  Edward  Weston's  laboratory  in  Newark, 
and  devoted  two  years  to  the  perfection  of  electri- 
cal measuring  instruments  bearing  Weston  's  name. 
In  1891-93  he  was  resident  engineer  in  charge  of 
the  construction  of  electric  railways  and  power 
plants  at  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  and  Chester  and 
Media,  Pa.,  and  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
chiefly  to  electrical,  metallurgical  and  chemical 
problems  connected  with  the  commercial  applica- 
tion of  the  electric  induction  furnace,  particularly 
with  regard  to  the  refining  and  working  of  plat- 
inum as  superintendent  of  the  Baker  Platinum 
Works  of  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1905  he  became  presi- 
dent of  the  Induction  Furnace  Co.  and  latei  vice- 
president  and  consulting  engineer  of  its  successor, 
the  American  Electric  Furnace  Co.  of  New  York. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Chemical  Society; 
American  Electrochemical  Society;  Society  of 
Chemical  Industry ;  American  Institute  of  Electri- 
cal Engineers;  National  Geographic  Society;  the 
Yale  and  Olympic  clubs  of  New  York  city,  the 
Down  Town  Club  of  Newark,  and  the  New  Jersey 
Automobile  and  Motor  Club.  He  was  married  at 
South  Sudbury,  Mass.,  July  13,  1914,  to  Anne  Wil- 
lis, daughter  of  Joseph  Hatch  of  Provincetown, 
Mass. 

LEA,  Joseph.  Tatnall,  banker,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  7,  1840,  son  of 
Robeson  and  Mary  Mickle  (Matlack)  Lea.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John 
Lea,  of  Christian  Malford,  Wilts,  who  came  from 
England  with  William  Penn  on  the  latter 's  second 
voyage,  located  first  in  Philadelphia,  and  subse- 
quently settled  at  Concord,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  His 
wife  was  Hannah  (Hopton)  Webb,  and  from  theji 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son 
John,  who  married:  (1)  Hannah  Edge;  (2)  Mary 
Pennell;  his  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Sarah  Tat- 
nall, and  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Sarah  Ann, 
Robeson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Joseph 
Tatnall  Lea.  Robeson  Lea,  father  of  the  subject, 


104 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


was  a  grain  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  Joseph 
Tatnall  Lea  received  his  education  at  Thomas 
Baldwin's  private  school  in  Philadelphia,  and  at 
the  Lawrenceville  (N.  J.)  School.  In  1857  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  his  uncle's  firm,  Hacker,  Lea 
&  Co.,  a  dry  goods  commission  house  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  was  subsequently  in  the  service  of  an- 
other uncle,  Joseph  Lea,  engaged  in  a  similar 
business.  Two  years  later  he  was  sent  to  Balti- 
more to  open  a  branch  house,  but  was  interrupted 
by  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  He  enlisted  in 
the  114th  Pa.  reserves,  was  promoted  lieutenant 
and  adjutant,  and  later  served  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Phillip  K.  de  Trobriand  (q.  v.),  then  in  com- 
mand of  a  division  of  the  3rd  corps,  army  of  the 
Potomac.  He  was  wounded  at  Chancellorsville. 
When  he  left  the  army  he  opened  a  branch  house 
for  the  firm  in  New  York  city,  under  the  firm 
name  of  J.  T.  Lea  &  Co.  Eight  years  thereafter 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  and,  about  1875,  be- 
came interested  in  coal  mining  operations  in  West 
Virginia.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father-in-law  he 
succeeded  him  in  the  coal  and  iron  commission 
business  in  Philadelphia  under  the  name  of  Cabeen 
&  Co..  which  later  became  J.  Tatnall  Lea  &  Co., 
and  still  exists  under  that  name.  Meanwhile  he 
continued  independent  coal  operations.  During 
19U4-15  he  was  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Philadelphia,  becoming  chairman  of  the 
board  in  the  latter  year,  and  remaining  in  that 
relation  until  his  death.  He  had  various  other  in- 
dustrial and  financial  interests.  He  had  been  vice- 
president  of  the  Lake  Superior  Corporation,  enter- 
ing that  concern  after  its  celebrated  failure,  and 
after  placing  it  on  a  sound  working  and  financial 
basis  he  retired  from  office.  He  was  also  a  director 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  and  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Salt  Co.  He  was  a  companion  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Union  League,  Rittenhouse,  Acorn  and 
Germantown  Cricket  Clubs,  Philadelphia,  and  the 
Merchants'  Club,  New  York  city.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  looking  after  his  splendid  farm 
in  Virginia.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  His  gentleness,  courtesy,  kindli- 
ness and  incorruptible  character  endeared  him  to 
all  who  came  within  his  sphere  of  influence,  while 
his  conspicuous  fidelity  and  constant  devotion  to 
the  prosperity  of  the  corporation  with  which  he 
was  connected,  together  with  his  wide  experience 
in  commercial  affairs  anil  conservatism  of  judg- 
ment, made  him  a  most  valued  counselor.  He  was 
married  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  Dec.  5,  1865,  to 
Annie  Anderson,  daughter  of  Robert  B.  Cabeen,  an 
iron  commission  merchant  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  she 
survives  him,  with  three  children:  Langdon,  Kathe- 
rine  Leonard,  witr  nt'  William  Hopkins  Nicholson, 
Jr.,  and  Nancy,  wife  of  Dr.  Harry  Taylor  Mar- 
shall. He  died'  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,'  May  12,  1916. 
BOTJGHAN,  Andrew  Bartholomew,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  June  19.  1871,  son  of 
Andrew  and  Sarah  Ann  (Brenock)  Boughan.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Portumma,  Galway,  Ireland, 
came  to  this  country  and  settled  at  North  Shrews- 
bury, Vt. ;  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Co.  for  nearly  half  a  century  and 
as  department  manager  made  the  final  connection, 
uniting  a  wire  from  the  Atlantic  with  a  wire  from 
the  Pacific,  completing  the  construction  of  the  first 
transcontinental  telegraph  line  in  the  world.  An- 
drew B.  Boughan  was  educated  at  St.  Ignatius 
College  and  was  graduated  in  the  law  department 
of  Lake  Forest  University,  June  1,  1893.  He  was 
employed  for  a  time  by  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Co.,  but  began  his  professional  career  in  the 


law  office  of  Albert  Brodie  Stone  in  1893.  He  has 
been  counsel  in  many  important  cases,  among 
them:  Chas.  H.  Mclntire  vs.  American  Electric 
Fuse  Co.;  Clayton  Hamburger  Co.  vs.  Morrison; 
People  vs.  Alexander  Sullivan;  U.  S.  vs.  Peoples 
U.  S.  Bank,  St.  Louis.  MM.  ;  I".  S.  vs.  Lewis  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  U.  S.  vs.  E.  G.  Lewis, 
St  Louis,  Mo.;  William  P.  Henneberry  vs.  M.  A. 
Donohue,  ami  Carrie  P.  Schultz  vs.  John  C. 
Schultz.  Mr.  Boughan  is  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
State  Bar  Association,  and  of  the  Knights  of 
Columbus.  In  politics  he  is  a  republican,  and  in 
religion  a  Roman  Catholic.  His  favorite  pursuits 
are  hunting  and  traveling.  He  is  unmarried. 

BLAKE,  Walter,  optician,  was  born  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I..  May  IS,  1S4S,  sun  of  David  Brainerd 
and  Ann  Elizabeth  (Card)  Blake.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city, 
subsequently  serving  an  apprenticeship  with  his 
father,  who  conducted  an  ophthalmic  business  in 
Providence  for  over  fifty  years.  Later,  he  entered 
the  employment  of  Jarius  Putney,  a  well-known 
optician,  where  he  remained  for  a  period  of  ten 
year?.  He  then  established  a  business  of  his  own, 
but  afterward  associated  himself  with  his  brother, 
Herbert  Redwood  Blake,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Blake  Bros.,  optician?.  Mr.  Blake  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Rhode  Island  Society  of  Op- 
tometry  and  held  office  for  two  years.  He  was  a 
member  of  Nestell  Lodge  of  Masons,  treasurer  of 
the  Iroquois  Beneficial  Association,  and  for  many 
years  a  deacon  of  the  Arlington  Free  Baptist 
Church.  He  was  married  Feb.  26,  1880,  to  Har- 
riet Frances,  daughter  of  William  Henry  Boomer, 
who  survives  him  with  one  son,  Cyrus  Boomer 
Blake,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Blake  Bros.  Mr. 
Blake  died  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  30,  1915. 

HUNT,  G-eorg'e  Washington,  pioneer  railway 
builder,  was  born  near  Dewittille,  Chautauqua  co., 
N.  Y.,  May  4,  1842,  son  of  Aaron  and  Electa 
(Maxham)  Hunt,  of  English  descent.  His  educa- 
tion was  largely  the  result  of  diligent  self- 
effort.  At  tin1  age  of  sixteen  he  went  West  to 
seek  his  fortune  in  the  guld  fields,  wurking  in  the 
mines  of  Colorado  for  a  brief  period.  In  Denver 
he  engaged  in  teaming,  and  after  two  years  re- 
moved to  Oregon  and  established  a  freight  line 
between  The  Dalles  and  Boise  City.  As  the  coun- 
try became  more  thickly  settled  and  there  was 
need  for  better  transportation  facilities,  he  en- 
tered the  field  of  railroad  construction  ami  built 
the  section  of  the  Oregon  Shortline  between  Weiser 
and  Payette,  Ida.  He  constructed  a  section  of  the 
Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Co 's.  road,  lead- 
ing through  the  Pyles  canyon;  the  Corvallis  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  in  Oregon;  and  the  Hunt  sy^eiy, 
which  opened  the  great  wheat  belt  in  eastern 
WashingtMii  and  Oregon.  The  latter  road  ex- 
tended from  Wallula  to  Pendleton,  and  from  Wal- 
lula  to  Walla  Walla,  Dayton  and  Waitsburg,  con- 
stituting a  part  of  what  is  now  the  Northern 
Pacific  system.  He  then  built  a  section  of  what 
is  now  the  Cascade  division  of  the  Northern  Pacific. 
Mr.  Hunt's  name  is  more  prominently  identified 
with  the  development  of  southeastern  Washington 
and  that  section  of  Oregon  tributary  to  Pendleton 
and  Umatilla  than  that  of  any  man  in  the  history 
of  the  Pacific  northwest.  He  foresaw  the  need  of 
railroad  facilities  for  transporting  farm  products 
to  eastern  markets.  After  the  building  of  the  Hunt 
system  he  planned  to  build  a  road  from  C'entralia  to 
Grays  Harbor,  but  this  project  drew  upon  him  the 
hostility  of  his  more  powerful  railroad  rivals,  ami 
he  was  forced  to  retire  from  his  railroad  activities. 
From  a  poor  farmer  's  lad  Mr.  Hunt  acquired  wealth 


JOSEPH  T.  LEA 
BANKER 


ANDREW  B.  BOUGHAN 
LAWYER 


\YALTER  BLAKE 
OPTICIAN 


GEORGE  W.  HUNT 
RAILROAD  BUILDER 


GEORGE  OSBOURNE 
ACTOR 


RODNEY  SMITH 

SOLDIER 


AMBROSE  B.  PARK 
MERCHANT 


CHARLES  S.  ANDREWS 
BANKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


105 


end  influence,  attaining  a  commanding  position  in 
the  history  of  the  Northwest  as  the  owner  of  a  rail- 
road under  his  name  which  was  the  strongest  rival 
encountered  by  the  Northern  Paeiiic  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  He  proved  so  worthy  an  adversary  of  this 
system  that  it  combined  with  another  road  to  force 
him  out  of  the  field.  Upon  his  retirement  he  con- 
centrated his  energies  upon  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  was  one  of  Oregon 's  real  pioneers,  and  he 
stood  prominent  in  the  reclamation  of  the  wilder- 
ness and  in  the  upbuilding  of  an  empire  upon  the 
Pacific  coast.  He  possessed  a  courageous  spirit 
that  was  manifest  under  circumstances  when  many 
another  man  would  have  faltered  and  fallen.  His 
discernment  in  anticipating  needs  and  demands  in 
the  furtherance  of  constructive  enterprise  was  espe- 
cially noteworthy.  His  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Baptist  church.  He  was  married  Nov. 
4,  1866,  to  Leonora,  daughter  of  Orange  Gaylord, 
a  contractor,  of  Bluff  Station,  Ida.  She  survived 
him  with  four  children:  Charles  W.,  Guy  L.,  C. 
Civile,  and  Lillie  May,  who  married  Lyman  E.  La- 
toiirette.  He  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  Feb.  26,  1910. 
OSBOURNE  (Gedg-e).  George,  actor,  was  born 
on  his  father 's  ship  off  the  coast  of  Yarmouth, 
England,  Dec.  16,  1852,  son  of  George  and  Susan 
(Priestly)  Gedge,  and  grandson  of  Admiral  John 
George  Gedge  of  the  British  Royal  navy.  On  the 
maternal  side,  he  was  connected  by  blood  with  the 
Bulwer  Lyttons.  Our  subject  was  trained  for  the 
profession  of  mining  engineering.  He  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
and  was  graduated  at  the  Catholic  College  in  San 
Mateo,  Cal.  He  was  first  attracted  to  the  stage 
in  1885  and  in  San  Francisco  appeared  with  the 
old  Baldwin  theatre  stock  company  when  the 
famous  Tom  McGuire  was  manager  of  that  house, 
and  thereupon  adopted  the  euphonious  name  of 
Osbourne.  His  first  great  success  there  was  in  the 
role  of  "Injun  Jack"  in  "Chispa."  Later  he  sup- 
ported Mme.  Modjeska  in  leading  character  parts, 
including  "Michonet,"  the  father  in  "Magda," 
etc.,  and  he  also  starred  with  Mrs.  John  Drew.  He 
was  the  first  proprietor  of  the  original  Alcazar 
theatre  in  San  Francisco,  where  he  and  his  partner, 
L.  R.  Stockwell,  acquired  fortunes.  The  stock  com- 
pany at  that  time  included  such  names  as  Maude 
Adams  and  W.  A.  Brady.  His  last  triumph  was 
in  the  role  of  "Father  Junipero  Serra"  in  the  San 
(labriel  mission  play  produced  on  the  Pacific  coast 
in  1014—15,  in  which  he  won  the  highest  expressions 
of  praise  from  the  San  Francisco  press.  He  was 
to  have  starred  in  this  play  in  the  principal  cities 
of  the  East  when  death  came.  He  invested  the 
role  of  Serra  with  such  a  spiritual  exaltation  that 
it  was  commented  upon  from  the  pulpit.  Mr. 
Osbourne  possessed  a  strong  sense  of  personal 
dignity,  a  distinction  and  marked  imperiousness  of 
manner  which  made  his  stage  presence  and  address 
impressive.  To  balance  these  traits  he  had  a 
radiant  optimism,  a  simplicity  of  character  and  a 
human  sympathy  that  made  for  him  a  winning 
personality.  Surrounded  by  a  group  of  friends, 
he  would  open  up  the  stores  of  memory  and  per- 
sonal experiences  and  hold  fascinated  his  hearers 
with  his  rich  humor  and  a  talk  that  was  full  of 
the  laughter  of  youth  and  a  wit  as  swift  as  light- 
ning. Life  did  not  lose  its  freshness  with  the 
growing  years.  Disillusion  never  came  to  him. 
Aside  from  his  gifts  as  an  artist,  George  Osbourne 
will  live  in  the  hearts  of  hundreds  as  a  high  souled 
man.  He  was  married  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  Nov.  24, 
1890,  to  Helen,  daughter  of  Don  Marcos  Mason, 
for  years  American  consul  at  San  Jose  de  Costa 


Rica,  Central  America;  she  survives  him.  He  died 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Aug.  10,  1916. 

SMITH,  Rodney,  soldier,  was  born  at.  Orwell, 
Yt.,  Jan.  .'!,  1N29,  son  of  Israel  and  Delia 
(Ferguson)  Smith,  and  grandson  of  Pliny 
Smith,  who  fought  in  the  revolutionary  war,  after 
which  he  cleared  a  farm  at  Orwell.  Israel  Smith, 
the  father,  was  a  lieutenant  and  paymaster  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Rodney  Smith  received  his  prelim- 
inary education  at  Castleton  (  Vt.)  Seminary,  and 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in 
1854.  He  spent  several  years  tutoring  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  entered 
the  Federal  service  as  a  member  of  the  1st  Ken- 
tucky volunteer  infantry.  In  1864  Pres.  Lincoln 
appointed  him  paymaster  in  the  regular  army, 
with  rank  of  major,  and  he  served  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  war  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac 
in  the  Department  of  the  South.  After  the  war 
his  service  was  in  the  West,  and  finally  in  the 
Department  of  the  East,  with  headquarters  in 
New  York  City.  In  1881  he  was  promoted  deputy 
paymaster-general  with  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  in  1886  became  assistant  paymaster- 
general  with  rank  of  colonel.  In  1893,  at  the  age 
of  sixty-four,  he  was  retired  by  operation  of  the 
law,  and  by  act  of  congress  in  1904  was  made  a 
brigadier-general.  It  was  his  fortune  to  be  born 
at  a  time  which  enabled  him  to  give  himself  wTith 
devotion  to  the  service  of  his  country.  Wise,  effi- 
cient, exacting  and  conscientious,  he  did  much  to 
improve  the  department  of  the  service  to  which 
he  gave  the  best  years  of  his  life.  He  never  shirked 
a  duty  nor  sought  a  reward  for  its  performance. 
He  was  married  at  Peru,  111.,  Sept.  22,  1875,  to 
Julia  Ellen,  daughter  of  John  L.  Coates,  grain 
merchant.  He  died  at  his  home  at  Brandon,  Vt., 
Nov.  12,  1915. 

PARK,  Ambrose  Berry,  merchant,  was  born 
at  Adrian,  Mich.,  Nov.  12,  1852,  son  of  Jonathan 
S.  and  Emily  (Berry)  Park.  After  a  public  school 
education  he  began  his  business  career  as  a  clerk 
in  the  store  of  L.  G.  Berry  of  Adrian,  in  1869,  and 
in  October,  1877,  established  a  dry  goods  busi- 
ness of  his  own.  In  1885  he  erected  the  building 
which  has  since  been  the  home  of  the  A.  B.  Park 
Dry  Goods  Co.  He  was  identified  with  numerous 
business  enterprises  and  always  devoted  his  best 
energies  to  every  undertaking  in  which  he  en- 
gaged. Tie  was  a  director  in  the  Lenowee  County 
Savings  Bank,  the  Michigan  Fence  Co.,  and  Adrian 
Steel  Casting  Co.  He  was  a  Presbyterian,  and  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  an  elder 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  director  of  the  Young  Men 's  Christian 
Association ;  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Emma  K.  Bixby  Hospital,  to  which  he  gave 
generously  of  his  time  and  money,  and  was  a  trus- 
tee of  Alma  College.  He  was  greatly  interested 
in  the  schools  of  Adrian,  and  at  one  time  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education.  Deeply  pub- 
lic-spirited, he  was  always  active  in  any  efforts 
for  the  welfare  of  the  community  in  which  he 
lived  and  for  the  uplift  of  his  fellowmen.  He  was 
married  at  Adrian,  Mich.,  Nov.  19,  1879,  to  Emma 
M.,  daughter  of  Charles  Young,  who  survives 
him  with  two  children :  Fred  and  Florence  Helen 
Park.  He  died  at  Daytona,  Fla.,  March  31,  1915. 

ANDREWS.  Charles  Sidney,  banker,  was 
born  at  North  Bridgton,  Maine,  Mar.  4,  1843,  son 
of  George  Washington  and  Lucy  Goodell  (Howe) 
Andrews  of  Scotch  and  Irish  descent.  His  first 
American  ancestor  was  Lieut.  John  Andrews,  who 
came  over  from  England  about  1639,  settling  at 
Ipswich,  Mass.;  from  him  and  his  wife  Jane  Jor- 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


dan,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  througn  their 
sou  Ensign  William  and  his  wife  Margaret  Wood- 
ward; their  son  Solomon  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Ingalls;  their  son  Capt.  Abraham  and  his  wife 
IC-ther  Stearns;  ami  their  son  Abraham  and  his 
wife  Sally  Frye,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Charles  S.  Andrews.  The  latter 's  mother  died  in 
1845,  and  he  was  reared  by  an  aunt,  Mrs.  Jacob 
Chapman,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  anil  later  of  Mar- 
shall, 111.  He  was  educated  at  Marshall  Academy 
and  Marshall  College.  In  1861  he  returned  to 
Pennsylvania  ami  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  resid- 
ing and  practicing  at  Brookville  and  elsewhere. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  with  a  Pennsylvania 
regiment  of  volunteers.  He  went  to  Brazil,  Ind., 
in  1868,  and  in  association  with  Austin  D.  Cotton, 
he  organized  the  Brazil  Bank,  the  first  financial 
institution  of  the  place.  It  prospered  under  his 
management  and  in  1886  it  was  reorganized  as  the 
First  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $50,000, 
which  was  later  increased  to  $100,000.  Mr.  An- 
drews, in  the  office  of  cashier,  had  full  charge  of 
its  management,  and  in  1S97  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent, a  position  which  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
Alined  a  wide  reputation  as  a  financier  and  in 
1905  was  appointed  receiver  for  the  defunct  Vigo 
County  Naticm.il  Bank  of  Terre  Haute,  and  suc- 
cessfully closed  the  affairs  of  the  institution,  being 
able  to  pay  all1  the  bank's  obligations  and  the  ex- 
penses of  the  receivership.  Aside  from  his  busi- 
iir^  he  was  an  enthusiastic,  devotee  of  art  and 
music,  and  was  prominent  in  various  musical  or- 
ganizations, in  connection  with  some  of  which  he 
trained  choirs  r.ul  choruses  successfully.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Brazil.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Masons  and  of  the  Gen. 
Canby  Post.  G.  A.  R.  Mr.  Andrews  had  made 
many  friends  through  his  quiet  and  unassuming 
nature,  attractive  personality  and  kindly  disposi- 
tion. He  was  married  Dee.  2,  1869,  to  Hannah 
Kimball,  daughter  of  J.  K.  Greenough,  of  Mar- 
shall, 111.,  who  survives  him,  with  three  children: 
Lucy  G.,  wife  of  Charles  Clinton  Odell,  of  Morris, 
Okla. ;  Clara  A.,  wife  of  Prof.  Albert  Howe  Lyb- 
yer,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  and  John  K. 
Andrews,  of  Miami,  Fla.  Mr.  Andrews  died  in 
Indianapolis.  Ind.,  Aug.  14,  1916. 

SCHWARTZ,  James  Ernest,  capitalist  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Mar. 
9,  1843,  son  of  Jacob  Loeser  and  Eveline 
(McDowell)  Schwartz,  grandson  of  Conrad  and 
Mary  (Pinkerton)  Schwartz,  and  great-grandson 
of  Conrad  and  Anna  Maria  (Loeser)  Schwartz. 
Conrad  Schwartz  (1)  was  a  successful  manufac- 
turer, of  Lancaster,  Pa.;  was  the  first  president  of 
the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Lancaster,  the  oldest  bank 
in  Lancaster  county,  and  served  in  the  revolution- 
ary war.  Jacob  Loeser  Schwartz,  father  of  the 
subject,  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  B.  A.  Fahne- 
stock  &  Co.,  wholesale  druggists  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh,  and  of  Fahnestock, 
Hazlett  &  Schwartz,  white  lead  manufacturers.  J. 
Ernest  Schwartz  was  educated  in  private  schools 
of  Pittsburgh,  and  at  the  Western  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  now  Pittsburgh  University.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the  federal 
service  as  corporal  in  the  14th  Penn.  vol.  infantry, 
and  in  1863  was  appointed  sergeant  in  Knapp's 
independent  battalion,  Pennsylvania  artillery.  He 
was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant ;  served  as  post 
adjutant  and  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of 
the  1st  brigade,  1st  Vt.  heavy  artillery,  and  finally 
became  lieutenant  in  the  22d  regiment  U.  S. 
infantry.  He  was  subsequently  detailed  with  his 


regiment  to  the  Mexican  border,  but  was  called 
home  by  the  illness  of  his  father.  Resigning  his 
commission  he  began  in  business  with  B.  A.  Fahne- 
stock i-  Co.,  wholesale  druggists,  becoming  head 
of  the  firm  after  his  father's  death  in  1868.  He 
was  also  president  of  Fahuestock,  Hazlett  & 
Schwartz.  In  1872  he  sold  his  interest  in  these 
establishments  and  organized  the  Pennsylvania 
Lead  Co.,  for  the  purpose  of  refining  silver,  lead 
and  gold  from  the  ores  of  Utah  and  Colorado.  The 
company  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  kind  in  Amer- 
ica, most  our  refined  lead  having  previously  come 
from  Europe.  The  pure  lead  was  chiefly  sold  to 
white-lead  manufacturers,  while  the  gold  and  silver 
went  to  the  U.  S.  mints.  Realizing  the  necessity 
of  a  western  connection  he  purchased  the  Mingo 
Furnace  Co.,  Salt  Lake  City,  being  the  president 
of  it  and  the  Pennsylvania  Lead  Co.,  xintil  both 
were  sold  to  the  American  Smelting  &  Refining 
Co.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Pittsburgh, 
Chartiers  &  Youghogheny  Railroad  Co.,  and  a 
director  in  the  Tradesmen 's  National  Bank  and 
of  the  Bank  of  Pittsburgh.  From  early  boyhood 
Mr.  Schwartz  was  interested  in  the  game  of 
cricket,  which  was  extensively  played  in  Pittsburgh 
before  the  civil  war.  He  was  a  founder  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Cricket  Club  in  1882,  and  its  president; 
charter  member  and  vice-president  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh Club,  member  of  the  Duquesue  Club,  Histori- 
cal Society  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Pennsylvania,  G.  A.  R.,  and  was  a  com- 
panion of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion. 
He  was  a  great  lover  of  music  and  a  patron  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Orchestra  when  it  was  organized  in 
1894.  Mr.  Schwartz  was  a  man  of  great  deter- 
mination and  strength  of  character,  of  a  genial 
nature,  optimistic  temperament  and  enthusiastic 
patriotism.  He  belonged  to  the  Republican  party 
and  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  married  Feb.  27,  1868,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  Andrew  J.  Nicholson,  a  manufacturer 
of  Pittsburgh.  She  survives  him,  with  two  sons: 
John  Loeser  and  Frank  Nicholson,  who  during  the 
European  war  changed  their  name  to  Black.  Mr. 
Schwartz  died  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  May  16,  1900. 
RANNEY.  Henry  Joseph,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1868,  son  of  Moses 
and  Elizabeth  (Gilchrist)  Ranney,  and  a  direct  de- 
scendant, in  the  seventh  generation,  of  Thomas 
Ranney,  who  settled  in  Middletmvn  about  1663. 
He  prepared  for  college  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
city  and  was  graduated  at  Norwich  University  in 
1828.  Entering  the  employ  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad  in  IS.'H  he  was  made  chief  of  party 
in  charge  of  the  third  divinim.  Later  in  the  same 
year  he  and  Benjamin  H.  Latrobe  were  appointed 
principal  assistant  engineers  to  Jonathan  Knight, 
but  he  resigned  in  the  following  year  to  become 
principal  assistant  engineer,  and  soon  after,  chief 
engineer  on  the  Lexington  &  Ohio  Railroad  in  Ken- 
tucky. This  road,  the  first  constructed  west  of  the 
Allegheny  Mountains,  was  chartered  in  the  winter 
of  1829-30;  the  surveys  were  begun  in  September, 
1830  and  the  construction  work  October,  1831.  The 
cars  were  drawn  by  horses  until  January,  1835, 
when  locomotives  were  placed  in  operation.  Early 
in  lv,.~>  Mr.  Ranney  was  appointed  chief  engineer 
of  the  New  Orleans  &  Nashville  Railroad,  at  that 
time  one  of  the  most  ambitious  engineering  enter- 
prises planned  in  the  South.  It  was  designed  to 
connect  with  the  New  York  &  Erie  Railroad  in  the 
Mississippi  valley  and  form  part  of  that  system, 
lie  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  the  broad 
gauge  track  and  adopted  the  5  feet  6  inch  gauge 
for  this  road  instead  of  the  4  feet  6  inch,  then 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


107 


quite  generally  used  on  the  other  roads  of  the 
country.  In  1835  he  went  to  Europe  to  purchase 
iron  anil  supplies  for  his  road  and  spent  some  time 
in  England  and  on  the  continent  inspecting  rail- 
roads and  rolling  stock.  His  task  was  completed 
in  1842  and  shortly  thereafter  he  became  associ- 
ated with  Col.  William  S.  Campbell  (q.v.),  a  class- 
mate, in  various  engineering  enterprises  in  New 
Orleans  and  elsewhere  in  the  South.  He  was  a 
large  stockholder  in  the  New  Canal  &  Shell  Road 
Co.  at  New  Orleans,  serving  as  chief  engineer  and 
president  for  several  years.  He  leased  the  New 
Orleans  Canal  connecting  New  Orleans  with  Lake 
Pontehartrain  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  he 
operated  until  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  pro- 
jectors of  the  New  Orleans,  Jackson  &  Great  Nor- 
thern railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Illinois  Central 
railroad  system,  serving  as  chief  engineer  until 
1860  and  on  the  death  of  Colonel  Campbell  in  1S60 
succeeded  him  as  the  president,  retaining  the  office 
until  his  death.  In  January,  1862,  the  road  was  re- 
ported as  the  best  equipped  as  to  road  bed  and 
rolling  stock  in  the  South.  On  August  27,  1862,  the 
headquarters  of  the  road  was  removed  to  Corinth, 
Miss.,  and  here  Mr.  Ranney  made  his  residence 
until  his  death.  He  was  identified  with  many  busi- 
ness enterprises  in  New  Orleans,  and  was  a  large 
real  estate  holder  and  was  accounted  one  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  influential  citizens  of  Louisi- 
ana. A  Whig  in  polities,  he  repeatedly  represented 
New  Orleans  in  the  state  legislature  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  when  it  passed  the  ordinance 
of  secession.  The  "New  Orleans  Picayune"  of 
May  9,  1865,  in  commenting  on  his  work,  said: 
"He  was  not  considered  a  secessionist,  but  his  in- 
terests were  so  involved  with  many  who  were  as  to 
make  his  removal  from  the  city  impracticable.  He 
was  universally  esteemed  for  his  amiable  and  eon- 
genial  traits  of  character.  He  was  benevolent, 
charitable,  and  liberal  to  a  proverb.  His  benefac- 
tions to  the  poor,  and  especially  to  his  servants, 
large  numbers  of  whom  he  employed,  were  be- 
stowed in  a  manner  to  make  them  seem  the  acts  of 
a  friend  rather  than  a  mere  almoner".  He  took  an 
active  interest  in  military  matters  and  served  for 
some  years  as  major  in  the  Louisiana  militia.  In 
1836  Norwich  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  A.M.  Soon  after  the  surrender  of  Gen. 
Lee,  Mr.  Ranney  sought  to  return  to  New  Orleans, 
but  learning  that  he  would  meet  with  a  hostile  re- 
ception by  the  Peder  1  authorities,  he  concluded  to 
cross  the  country  some  miles  east  of  Lewisburg  on 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  but  his  health  was  so  feeble 
that  he  succumbed  to  the  hardships  of  the  journey. 
He  died  at  Lewisburg,  La.,  May  1,  1865,  and  be- 
ing unmarried  and  leaving  no  near  relatives,  his 
extensive  property  was  sequestered  by  the  state. 

PECK.  Henry  Hart,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Berlin,  Conn.,  Dec.  25,  1838,  son  of  Selden  and 
Lucy  (Hart)  Peck,  and  a  descendant  on  the 
maternal  side  of  Deacon  Stephen  Hart,  a  native 
of  England,  who  settled  in  Massachusetts  Bay 
colony  in  1632,  and  subsequently  became  a  deacon 
in  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker's  church  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  Later  he  accompanied  Rev.  Thomas 
Hooker's  band  to  Hartford;  and  was  a  proprie- 
tor of  Hartford  in  1639  and  of  Farmingtou  in 
1672.  Henry  Hart  Peck  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools  and  at  Kellogg  Academy,  Meri- 
den,  Conn.,  and  began  his  mercantile  career  as  a 
clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  New  Britain,  Conn., 
in  1857.  Three  years  later  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Charles  Miller,  in  Waterhury,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Miller  &  Peck,  dealers  in  dry  goods 
and  carpets.  Honorable  dealing  brought  success 


to  the  enterprise  from  the  outset,  and  the  name  of 
tlir  firm  became  known  throughout  the  entire  state 
of  Connecticut.  Mr.  Peek  continued  in  this  l.n-i 
ness  until  his  retirement  in  1SS7.  He  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Waterbury  Dime  Savings  Bank,  and 
is  associated  with  almost  all  of  Waterbury 's  finan- 
cial and  manufacturing  institutions.  In  politics 
he  is  r  Republican,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  1886;  in  1905  he 
represented  his  district  in  the  state  senate  where 
he  served  his  constituents  with  great  fidelity.  In 
1888  he  took  a  trip  covering  the  entire  year,  and 
which  extended  to  every  part  of  the  two  hemi- 
spheres. There  is  no  public  charity  in  Wnter- 
bury  with  which  he  is  not  identified;  he  is  par- 
ticularly interested  in  the  Waterbury  Hospital, 
where  there  is  a  ward  room  maintained  by  his 
generosity,  and  which  is  dedicated  to  him.  A  few 
years  ago  he  presented  to  the  town  of  Kensington 
a  handsome  library  and  library  building.  He  is 
a  32d  degree  Mason ;  a  member  of  Clark  Com- 
mandery.  Knights  Templar;  the  Union  League 
Club  of  New  Haven;  the  Waterhury  Club;  and 
the  Home  Club  of  Meriden.  He  finds  his  favorite 
recreation  in  attending  horse  races  and  is  also  in- 
terested in  base-ball.  His  religious  affiliation  is 
with  the  Protestant-Episcopal  Church,  of  which 
he  is  a  liberal  supporter  and  in  the  growth  of 
which  he  is  greatly  interested.  His  public  spirit, 
shrewd  business  sense  and  large-hearted  philan- 
thropy combined,  make  him  a  leader  of  men.  Mr. 
Peck  is  unmarried. 

BAYMA,  Joseph,  mathematician  and  scientist, 
was  born  hi  Piedmont,  Italy,  Nov.  9,  1816.  He 
joined  the  Society  of  Jesus  on  Feb.  7,  1832,  and 
was  ordained  a  priest  in  1S43,  and  was  soon 
afterwards  appointed  lecturer  in,  the  Collegio 
Romano.  He  was  appointed  rector  of  the  Epis- 
copal Seminary  of  Bertinoro,  and  soon  attained 
a  high  reputation  as  a  lecturer  and  as  a  man  of 
superior  scientific  attainments.  He  built  up  and 
remodelled  the  seminary,  and  made  it  one  of  the 
leading  institutions  in  Italy.  While  rector  of 
the  college  Father  Bayma  was  also  Scripture 
lecturer  in  the  cathedral  at.  Bertinoro.  In  1848, 
the  revolutionists  having  secured  the  expulsion  of 
the  Jesuits,  he  sought  refuge  in  France,  going 
thence  to  England  in  1852  to  become  professor 
of  mental  philosophy  in  the  Jesuit  College  at 
Stonyhurst.  While  there  he  wrote  his  ingenious 
treatise  on  ''Molecular  Mechanics"  (1866),  a 
metaphysical  and  mathematical  work  on  the  con- 
stitution of  matter,  which  excited  controversy 
among  scientists.  In  1868  he  left  England  for 
California  in  company  with  a  party  of  Jesuit 
fathers.  Upon  reaching  San  Francisco  he  was 
appointed  president  of  St.  Ignatius  College  of 
that  city.  While  rector  of  this  institution  he 
improved  the  school  accommodations,  library  and 
scientific  cabinets,  and  raised  the  standard  of 
studies.  He  also  taught  the  higher  branches  of 
mathematics,  and  wrote  for  the  "Catholic  World" 
and  other  periodicals.  In  18SO  he  was  removed 
to  Santa  Clara  College,  where  he  taught  mathe- 
matics until  his  death.  He  was  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  profound  and  advanced  mathema- 
ticians of  the  age,  and  was  constantly  consulted 
by  college  and  university  professors  throughout 
the  United  States.  Father  Bayma  was  a  pamter 
of  some  celebrity;  a  powerful  orator  in  his  native 
tongue;  wrote  a  treatise  on  music  treated  his- 
torically, and  an  epic  poem  on  Christopher  Colum- 
bus that  compared  favorably  with  the  great 
classical  masterpieces.  In  addition  to  "Mole- 
cular Mechanics,"  his  published  works  are:  "The 


108 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Love  of  Religion"  (Dublin,  1863),  and  a  scries 
of  four  elementary  works  on  mathematics 
(1886-00).  With  Roger  Boscovitch  he  reduced  all 
matter  to  unexteuded  points,  centres  of  force 
acting  in  the  inverse  square  of  the  distance.  His 
death  unhappily  prevented  the  elaboration  and 
defense  of  his  theories  called  for  by  the  con- 
troversy they  evoked  among  scientists.  He  died 
at  Santa  Clara,  Cal.,  Feb.  7,  1892. 

MONARCH,  Richard,  manufacturer,  was  born 
in  Daviess  Co.,  Ky.,  June  2,  1838,  son  of  Thomas 
and  Susan  (Davis)  Monarch.  Hs  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  and 
was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1864, 
when  he  began  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  at 
Paducah,  remaining  there  until  1SG7.  In  1878  he 
engaged  in  distilling  whisky  at  Owensboro,  Ky.,  in 
which  undertaking  he  met  with  distinguished  suc- 
cess and  until  the  panic  of  1893  was  rated  as  one 
of  the  largest  and  must  enterprising  manufacturers 
in  the  trade.  His  famous  brand,  for  which  he  had 
a  large  sale  throughout  the  southwest,  was  "Ken- 
tucky Standard."  In  1894  he  erected,  on  the 
Hardinsburg  road,  near  Owensboro,  one  of  the 
best  appointed  private  residences  in  the  state  and 
one  of  the  show  places  of  the  Owensboro  district; 
this  home  is  now  the  principal  building  of  Colum- 
bian College.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
democratic  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
St.  Stephen  's  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Owensboro. 
Richard  Monarch  was  full  of  the  noble  traits 
which  make  a  gentleman.  He  was  refined,  cour- 
teous, agreeable  and  faithful;  was  firm  in  adher- 
ing to  his  own  conceptions  of  right;  fearless  to 
express  his  opinions;  positive  in  his  character,  and 
able  to  maintain  with  skill  and  ability  his  views 
on  all  important  subjects.  His  was  a  heart  filled 
with  benevolence  and  feeling.  As  a  citizen  he  was 
in  warmest  sympathy  with  everything  of  public 
interest  and  at  all  times  was  ready  to  take  any 
part  assigned  to  him  in  promoting  the  public 
welfare.  He  was  married  in  1873,  to  Bettie, 
daughter  of  William  I).  England,  a  merchant,  of 
Lebanon,  Ky. ;  she  died  in  1914.  He  died  near 
Owensboro,  Ky.,  .Inly  10,  1915. 

SCHATJFELBERGER,  John  William,  jurist 
and  banker,  was  born  at  Fostoria,  O.  He  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town,  and  was  graduated  at  Heidelberg 
University,  Tiffin,  O.,  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  law  at  Tiffin  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Judge  George  E.  Seuey,  for 
years  a  member  of  congress.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Ohio  and  began  the  practice  ot  his  pro- 
fession as  a  partner  of  his  preceptor,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Seney  &  Sehaufolberger.  Subse- 
quently he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  and  was  unanimously  reflected.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  his  second  term  he  removed  to 
Toledo,  O.,  where  he  became  an  associate  in  the 
law  firm  of  Doyle,  Lewis  &  Scott.  Four  years 
later  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Morton  C. 
Seeley,  as  Schaufelberger  &  Seeley.  He  was 
elected  second  vice-president  of  the  Merchants'  & 
Clerks'  Bank,  Toledo,  -  hereupon  he  retired  from 
legal  activities.  He  held  the  32d  degree  in 
Masonry,  and  was  a  member  also  of  the  Toledo 
and  Country  clubs,  Toledo.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  tie  Democratic  party  and  he  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  John  W.  Schauf- 
elberger was  born  to  the  judicial  ermine.  He  was 
preeminently  the  judge.  But  he  was  likewise  a 
great  lawyer,  in  all  that  term  implies.  He  had 
the  keen  analytical  mind,  the  gift  of  clear  nar- 
ration, the  reasoning  faculty  and  the  essential 


capacity  for  analyzing  facts  and  applying  rea- 
soning and  precedent  to  them.  He  was  likewise 
generously  endowed  with  the  power  of  convincing 
speech,  and  a  command  of  language  that  would 
have  made  him  stand  forth  conspicuously  as  an 
advocate  in  any  court.  Aside  from  the  splendid 
attainments  which  he  brought  to  the  legal  profes- 
sion, he  was  a  passionate  lover  of  all  that,  is  best 
in  art,  literature  and  the  sciences,  and  a  profound 
student  of  ancient  and  modern  history.  He  was 
married  Oct.  21,  1908,  to  Eva,  daughter  of  Oliver 
Bond,  president  of  the  Merchants'  &  Clerks'  Sav- 
ings Bank,  of  Toledo,  O.,  and  died  in  Toledo,  O., 
Mar.  31,  191(5. 

FENNER,  Herbert  Nicholas,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Mar.  13,  1843,  son 
of  Nicholas  Arnold  and  Deborah  (Brown)  Feuner, 
and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  Arthur  Fenner,  a  native 
of  England.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city  and,  after  a  few  years' 
experience  in  business,  succeeded  his  father  in  the 
New  England  Butt  Co.,  which  was  established  in 
1842  for  the  manufacture  of  butt  hinges,  an  article 
at  that  time  imported  from  England.  In  1853  the 
company  was  incorporated,  and  with  larger  capi- 
tal and  other  lines  of  hardware,  continued  to 
grow,  until  they  became  the  leading  manufacturers 
in  their  line  in  the  country.  Two  years  later  they 
began  the  manufacture  of  braiding  machines,  and 
making  this  a  special  study,  soon  developed  the 
machine  for  all  the  different  varieties  of  braids 
and  cords.  The  development  of  the  electrical  in- 
dustry created  a  new  field  for  the  braiding  ma- 
chine for  insulating  copper  wires,  and  the  demand 
was  met  with  new  designs  adapted  for  the  purpose. 
The  company  has  large  foundry  facilities  and  a 
reputation  for  fine  castings,  of  which  they  are 
justly  proud.  Their  plant  covers  an  area  of  over 
two  acres,  located  about  one  mile  from  the  center 
of  Providence.  After  serving  as  treasurer  for 
many'years,  Mr.  Feuner  was  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  corporation,  which  position  he  held 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  also  a  director 
of  the  Industrial  Trust  Co.,  the  Joslin  Manufac- 
turing Co.  and  the  Puritan  Life  Insurance  Co. 
While  taking  a  great  interest  in  public  affairs,  he 
never  held  political  office.  He  was  prominent  in 
club  life,  being  one  of  the  founders  and  first 
treasurer  of  the  Misquamicut  Golf  Club  of  Watch 
Hill  and  was  a  member  of  the  Agawau  Hunt, 
Audubou.  Society  of  Rhode  Island,  Providence 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  Hope,  Providence 
Art,  Turk  's  Head  and  Rhode  Island  Country  clubs, 
Rhode  Island  Political  Society,  Rhode  Island  Club 
of  Design  and  the  Squantum  Association.  He  was 
married  Nov.  10,  1868,  to  Emma  Frances,  daugh- 
ter of  Lodowick  Brayton,  and  they  had  one  son, 
Herbert  Lodowick  Fenner.  He  died  in  Provi- 
dence R.  I.,  Jan.  5,  1915. 

PAtTLDING,  Charles  Pearson,  mechanical 
engineer,  wns  born  in  New  York  city,  Apr.  22, 
1872,  son  of  James  Nathaniel  and  Emily  (Pear- 
son) Paulding,  great-grandson  of  William  P.  and 
Catherine  (Ogden)  Paulding,  grandson  of  James 
Kirke  and  Gertrude  (Kemhle)  Paulding,  and  a 
descendant  of  Joost  (Joseph)  Paulding,  a  native 
of  Holland,  who  was  a  freeman  of  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1683.  His  grandfather.  James  Kirke 
Paulding  (q.v.),  was  a  writer  an  early  associate 
of  Washington  Irving,  and  later  secretary  of  the 
navy  in  the  cabinet  of  Pres.  Van  Buren.  Charles 
P.  Paulding  was  graduated  at  the  military  acad- 
emy at  Tivoli-on-the-Hudson,  and  then  went  to 
Germany  to  study  in  Berlin.  The  following  year 
he  entered  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  where 


RICHARD  MONARCH 
MANUFACTURER 


JOHX  \V.  SCHAUFELBERGER 

JURIST 


HERBERT  N.  FENXER 
MANUFACTURER 


CHARLES  P.  PAULDING 

MKCIIANICAL  ENGINEER 


ANNE  H.  WOODRUFF 
AUTHOR 


WARREN  G.  SMITH 
JEWELER 


RICHARD  D.  LIGHT 
BROKER 


J.  GURNER  FISHER 
ARTIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


109 


he  was  graduated  in  1895  with  the  degree  of  M.E. 
After  graduation  he  entered  the  office  of  the  super- 
intendent of  the  engineering  department  of  the 
Calumet  &  Heela  mines,  and  then  went  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  where  he  took  a  government  exami- 
nation for  the  position  of  civil  engineer.  He 
passed  the  examination  with  honors  but  did  not 
accept  the  position  offered  him  as  he  had  already 
associated  himself  with  W.  D.  Forbes  &  Co., 
Hobokeu,  N.  J.,  and  preferred  to  remain  in  his 
own  branch  of  engineering.  While  in  this  con- 
nection he  performed  considerable  experimental 
work  in  collaboration  with  Col.  E.  A.  Stevens 
(q.v.).  During  1889—90  he  was  in  the  service  of 
H.  B.  Roelker  of  New  York  city,  but  left  there 
to  go  to  the  Adiroudacks  for  his  health.  In  1903 
he  was  offered  a  position  as  assistant  professor  of 
mechanical  engineering  at  Stevens  Institute  of 
Technology,  which  he  also  declined.  His  pub- 
lished volumes  were:  "Practical  Laws  and  Data 
on  the  Condensation  of  Steam  in  Covered  and  Bare 
Pipes"  (1904);  and  "The  Transmission  of  Heat 
Through  Cold  Storage  Insulation"  (1905).  Both 
these  volumes  are  still  in  use.  Besides  the  vol- 
umes named,  Mr.  Paulding  was  the  author  of  a 
numbef  of  articles  on  engineering  subjects  pub- 
lished in  various  magazines.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine 
Engineers,  and  in  collaboration  with  Col.  Stevens 
wrote  various  papers  for  this  society.  His  favor- 
ite pursuit  was  study.  He  was  married  at  Chest- 
nut Hill,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  18,  1895,  to 
Margaret,  daughter  of  James  Edward  Price,  Jr., 
of  Wilmington,  Del.;  two  children  were  the  off- 
spring of  this  marriage:  Charles  Gouverneur  and 
James  Kirke  Paulding.  Mr.  Pluildii.^  died  at 
Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  22,  1905. 

WOODRUFF,  Anne  Helena,  author,  was 
born  at  St.  Davids,  Ont.,  Can.,  Dec.  28,  1850, 
daughter  of  William  Henry  and  Mary  Delilah 
(Secord)  Woodruff,  and  a  descendant  of  Mat- 
thew Woodruff,  who  came  from  England  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  settling  first  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  later  becoming  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Farmington,  Conn.  From  him 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son 
Matthew;  his  son  Nathaniel;  his  son  Nathaniel; 
his  sou  Ezekiel  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Hall,  and 
their  son,  Richard  Hall  Woodruff  and  his  wife, 
Ann  Clement,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Anne  Helena  Woodruff.  Her  grandfather,  Rich- 
ard H.  Woodruff,  was  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Suspension  Bridge  Co.,  and  served  in  the 
Canadian  parliament  at  Toronto,  then  York,  as 
did  her  maternal  grandfather,  Maj.  David  Se- 
cord. Miss  Woodruff  received  her  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  St.  Davids  and  at  New 
York  State  Normal  School,  Brockport.  Her  lit- 
erary work  began  with  contributions  of  verse 
to  the  "Presbyterian  Review,"  Toronto.  She 
is  author  of  "Betty  and  Bob"  C1903)  ;  "Three 
Bovs  and  a  Girl"'  (1906);  "The  Pond  in  the 
Marshy  Meadow"  (1906)  ;  a  poem  which  appeared 
in  "Oodey's  Lady's  Magazine,"  a  story  and  illus- 
strated  article  in  "St.  Nicholas,"  etc,  and  a  num- 
ber of  poems  and  hymns,  the  best  known  of  the 
latter  being  "Forsake  Me  Not."  She  is  a 
member  of  the  Authors'  League  of  America. 
Miss  Woodruff's  literary  style  is  singularly  gen- 
tle, suave  and  winning.  With  the  happiest 
choice  of  words  and  a  natural  and  never  failing 
good  humor,  her  stories  for  children  are  pecu 
liarly  apt  in  anecdote  and  illustration,  and  her 
writings  bespeak  a  sort  of  personal  responsibil- 
ity for  her  youthful  readers.  Her  ' '  Pond  in  the 


Marshy  Meadow ' '  has  been  likened  to  Kings- 
ley  's  ' '  Water  Babies. ' ' 

SMITH,  Warren  Greene,  jeweler,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  30,  1849,  son  of  George 
Washington  and  Jane  Eliza  (Brush)  Smith.  His 
first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Richard 
Smith,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Gloucester- 
shire, England,  and  settled  at  Taunton,  Mass., 
about  1640;  from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 

through  their  son  Richard  and  his  wife 

— ;  their  son  Job  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Thompson;  their  son  James  and  his  wife  Jerusha 
Topham;  their  son  Mathew  who  married  a  Miss 
Bruster,  and  their  son  James  and  his  wife  Eliza 
Sell,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Warren  G. 
Smith.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Conklir.  Brush, 
was  formerly  mayor  of  Brooklyn,  was  one  of  the 
promoters  of  the  Brooklyn  waterworks,  ferries,  etc., 
as  well  as  the  founder  and  president  of  several 
banks,  and  of  Holy  Trinity  Church.  Warren  G. 
Smith  began  his  business  career  in  the  wholesale 
jewelery  business  in  New  York  city.  The  firm  was 
first  known  as  J.  W.  Greene  &  Smith,  and  later 
Warren  G.  Smith  &  Co.  Mr.  Smith  possessed  one 
of  the  largest  country  houses  in  East  Hampton, 
L.  I.,  where  for  twenty-five  years  he  spent  his 
summers;  he  was  interested  in  the  clubs  there,  in 
the  electric  light  company,  and  in  all  the  improve- 
ments that  were  undertaken  during  the  quarter  of 
a  century  in  which  he  made  his  summer  home  in 
that  place.  He  was  married  Oct.  31,  1883,  to 
Jessie,  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  T.  De  Witt  Talmadge 
(q.v)  pastor  of  the  Brooklyn  Tabernacle,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. ;  of  this  union  one  daughter  survives, 
Hazel  Talmadge  Smith,  wife  of  Martin  Sullivan 
Baldwin,  of  New  York  city.  Mr.  Smith  died  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  1910. 

LIGHT,  Richard  D.,  commission  1  roker,  was 
born  at  Cornwall,  England,  Apr.  20,  1848,  son 
of  John  and  Catherine  (Phillips)  Light,  who 
came  to  this*  country  when  Richard  was  an  infant. 
They  settled  first  at  Mineral  Point,  Wis.,  and  later 
removed  to  Rockland,  Ontonogan  county,  Mich.  The 
son  was  educated  at  Rockland,  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one  accepted  a  position  as  clerk  in 
the  Franklin  Mine  Store  at  Hancock.  There- 
after he  served  as  clerk  in  various  stores  until 
1882,  when  he  went  to  Hancock  and  engaged  in 
the  commission  brokerage  business,  continuing 
successfully  until  the  close  of  his  life.  Mr.  Light 
was  a  prominent  citizen,  devoting  his  time  not 
only  to  home  and  business  life,  but  to  aiding  in 
every  movement  for  civic  betterment.  He  was  held 
in  the  highest  esteem  by  his  business  associates, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church.  His  pleasant  manner  and  upright  prin- 
ciples, gave  him  a  prominent  place  among  men. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  mar- 
ried Mar.  4, 1874,  to  Catherine  M.,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Croft,  a  farmer  in  Canada  near  Glencoe; 
and  they  had  eight  children  seven  of  whom  sur- 
vive: Bradford  J. ;  Eldred  R, ;  Ethel  L.,  wife  of 
P.  T.  Johnson,  of  St.  Helen,  Mich.;  E.  How- 
ard; Cecil  M. ;  Spencer  C.;  and  Phyllis  C.  Light. 
He  died  at  East  Hancock,  Mich.,  May  1,  1914. 

FISHER,  J.  Gurner,  artist,  was  born  at 
Stroud,  England,  Jan.  8,  1832,  son  of  Joseph  N. 
and  Esther  (Gurner)  Fisher.  He  came  to  America 
with  his  father  in  1846  and  settled  at  Two  Rivers, 
Wis.  His  talent  for  drawing  and  his  esthetic  sense 
both  were  manifest  when  a  young  boy.  He  always 
wanted  to  be  an  artist.  External  circumstance-: 
and  conditions  and  the  environment  of  the  Wis- 
consin woods,  however,  led  him  into  other  channels. 
In  1S64  he  removed  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  From 


110 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


time  to  time  he  employed  his  spare  moments  doing 
charcoal  work,  but  it  was  not  until  late  in  life  that 
he  became  a  professional  artist.  In  1888  he  made 
a  trip  to  New  York  city,  and  through  the  influence 
of  A.  Augustus  Healy,  president  of  the  Museum  of 
the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  his 
work  was  exhibited  in  the  great  galleries,  where  it 
met  with  that  recognition  which  previously  had 
been  withheld.  Upon  returning  to  Grand  Rapids 
he  relinquished  all  other  work  and  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  art.  His  subjects  are  of  great  variety, 
and  in  landscapes  atmospheric  effects  are  handled 
with  great  artistic  feeling  and  execution.  While 
his  work  in  charcoal  is  unique,  he  did  not  confine 
his  talent  exclusively  to  black  and  white,  but 
showed  many  gems  in  oil,  in  which  he  inclined  to 
grays  and  mysticism,  somewhat  after  Corot.  He 
was  not  schooled  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term, 
as  his  only  teachers  were  Nature  and  the  works  of 
the  great  masters  shown  in  the  art  galleries  of  New 
York  and  Chicago.  In  his  charcoals  he  displays  a 
strong  originality  which  distinguishes  them  at  once 
from  the  work  of  any  other  artist.  They  are  un- 
usual in  composition  and  treatment,  and  full  of 
expression.  The  leading  critics  of  the  metropolis 
selected  them  for  favorable  comment  upon  their 
initial  appearance  in  a  general  exhibition  in  New 
York.  It  is  probably  the  subtlety  of  expression 
and  boldness  of  treatment  combined  with  a  certain 
individual  element  that  makes  them  valuable.  He 
had  an  original  method  of  working  out  color  ef- 
fects. He  first  made  a  sketch  in  charcoal  and  from 
that  secured  his  idea  of  light  and  shade.  His 
effects  of  sky,  of  cloud,  of  perspective,  and  of 
atmosphere,  are  exceedingly  fine,  and  they  contain 
also  much  beautiful  sentiment.  The  versatility 
shown  in  his  drawings  is  extraordinary.  With  him 
as  with  the  great  landscape  painters  of  France 
during  the  last  century,  recognition  came  later,  yet 
competent  critics  feel  that  his  work  will  stand  up 
well  in  the  annals  of  American  art.  Personally, 
he  displayed  many  amiable  elements  of  character. 
Those  permitted  even  casual  observations  of  his 
life  were  always  impressed  with  its  beautiful,  af- 
fectionate simplicity,  and  a  modesty  which  at  times 
seemed  too  great.  He  was  president  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  Art  Association.  He  was  married  at  She- 
boygan,  Wis.,  June  28,  1854,  to  Harriet  Williams, 
by  whom  he  is  survived,  with  three  children:  Wini- 
fred, wife  of  Sherman  Tuller;  Cora,  wife  of 
Charles  Dolan,  and  Frank  .7.  Fisher.  He  died  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Mar.  7,  1916. 

KIMBALL,  Benjamin  Ames,  railroad  presi- 
dent, financier  and  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Boscawen,  N.  H.,  Aug.  22,  1833,  son  of  Benjamin 
and  Ruth  (Ames)  Kimball,  and  eighth  in  descent 
from  Richard  Kimball,  who  came  from  Ipswich, 
England,  in  1634  and  settled  at  Watertown,  Mass. 
He  attended  the  Hildreth  preparatory  school  of 
Derry,  N.  H.,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Chandler 
Scientific  Department  of  Dartmouth  College,  with 
the  highest  honors  in  his  class,  in  1854.  He  early 
showed  a  decided  mechanical  bent,  and  during  his 
high  school  days  studied  the  construction  and 
operation  of  locomotives.  After  his  graduation  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Concord  railroad,  as 
a  •  designer,  was  soon  promoted  to  be  master 
mechanic  and  in  1859  became  superintendent  of 
the  locomotive  department.  One  of  the  famous 
early  locomotives  of  the  Concord  railroad,  the 
"Tahanto,"  was  constructed  from  his  designs. 
While  with  the  Concord  railroad,  Mr.  Kimball 
gained  much  practical  experience  in  the  science  of 
railroading  which  served  him  to  excellent  advan- 
tage when  he  eventually  became  a  power  in  the 


railroad  world.  Resigning  in  1865,  he  became  & 
member  of  the  firm  of  Ford  &  Kimball,  manu- 
facturers of  car  wheels,  brass  and  iron  castings, 
and  although  his  connection  with  that  firm  con- 
tinued throughout  his  life  he  returned  to  the  rail- 
road field  in  is".'!  as  a  director  of  the  Manchester 
&  North  Weare  railroad,  and  the  Concord  railroad 
in  1879.  When  the  latter  became  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  in  1890  he  was  elected 
its  president  and  he  was  president  of  nearly  all 
the  leased  lines  which  comprised  the  Concord  & 
Montreal  system,  now  leased  to  the  Huston  A;  Maine 
railroad.  In  the  early  days  of  railroads  and  up  to 
the  time  Mr.  Kimball  entered  the  field  there  was 
much  opposition  to  consolidations  and  to  any  lib- 
eral or  constructive  policy  among  railroad  man- 
agers, in  New  Hampshire,  for  fear  of  creating 
a  monopoly.  But  he  saw  the  strategic  position  of 
the  railroads  of  the  state,  and  while  many  of  his 
associates  demurred  at  a  comprehensive  plan  for 
tin'  development  of  a  great  transportation  system, 
he  earnestly  advocated  a  Merrimack  valley  route 
that  would  bring  not  only  the  whole  of  New 
Hampshire,  but  the  great  grain  fields  of  the  west 
in  touch  with  Boston.  As  head  of  the  Concord 
A:  Montreal  railroad  he  originated  and  developed 
many  of  the  measures  which  unified  that  system. 
More  powerful  locomotives,  increased  equipment, 
better  roadbeds,  larger  railroad  stations  and  in- 
creased yard  facilities;  a  reaching  out  for  business 
in  new  lines;  the  fostering  of  local  enterprises  and 
the  development  of  the  summer  traffic  through 
the  White  mountains — all  received  his  attention, 
and  his  energy  and  intelligent  effort  brought  them 
to  fruition.  At  the  same  time,  he  aimed  to  pre- 
serve the  integrity  of  the  subsidiary  companies, 
protect  the  interests  of  the  many  stockholders 
and  safeguard  the  rights  of  the  public.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Concord  Savings 
Bank.  In  1880  he  became  a  vice-president  of  the 
Mechanicks  National  Bank  of  Concord,  and  in 
1884,  its  president.  When  the  state  of  New 
Hampshire  passed  the  so-called  "valued  policy" 
law  in  1885,  under  which  foreign  insurance  com- 
panies withdrew  from  the  state,  he  was  one  of  the 
ineorporators  and  directors  of  the  Manufacturers 
aim  Merchants  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.  He  is 
also  president  of  the  Beecher  Falls  Co.  of  Vermont, 
Cushman  Electric  Co.  and  a  director  in  a  number 
of  other  manufacturing  corporations.  In  1S82  he 
served  with  Sen.  William  E.  Chandler  and  others 
in  selecting  a  site  for  the  Cdncord  federal  build- 
ing, and  in  1888  he  was  a  member  of  the  advisory 
committee  of  the  public  library  which  William  P. 
and  Clara  M.  Fowler  donated  to  Concord.  In 
1889  he  was  one  of  a  commission  of  five  to  pro- 
cure plans  for  and  construct  the  New  Hampshire 
state  library  building,  and  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  which  secured  the  building  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Historical  Society,  donated  by  his 
friend  Edward  Tuck.  With  his  brother  John 
(below)  and  Frank  L.  Gerrish  he  gave  a  beautiful 
library  to  his  native  town  of  Boscawen.  He  was 
president  of  the  New  Hampshire  Historial  Society 
during  1895—97,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Concord 
city  history  commission  which  brought  out  two 
laige  volumes  of  the  history  of  the  city,  in  1903. 
During  1890-95  he  was  a  member  pf  the  board  of 
visitors  of  the  Chandler  Scientific  department  of 
Dartmouth  College,  and  since  then  has  been  one 
of  the  college  trustees,  serving  for  many  years  as 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee.  Among  the 
first  of  the  alumni  to  recognize  the  necessity  of 
broadening  the  curriculum  by  giving  efficient 
scientific  instruction,  he  was  largely  responsible 


OF   /WESIC-KN  BOGRAFHY 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Ill 


lor  the  complete  consolidation  of  the  Chandler 
Scientific  department  with  the  old  college.  A 
staunch  supporter  of  the  Republican  party  since 
its  organization,  he  was  an  alternate  delegate  for 
William  E.  Chandler  at  the  National  Republican 
convention  of  1880  in  Chicago,  and  a  delegate  at 
large  in  1892  in  Minneapolis.  During  the  course  of 
numerous  trips  abroad  he  has  an|iiired  a  choice  col- 
lection of  valuable  paintings,  statuary  and  other 
works  of  art  and  he  also  owns  a  large  and  well-se- 
In-ti'd  library.  In  his  relations  with  his  fellow-men 
Mr.  Kimball  has  been  characterized  by  a  conscien- 
tious regard  for  the  welfare  of  others  less  fortunate, 
and  in  his  dealings  with  his  employes  he  has  always 
maintained  personal  and  friendly  relations.  En- 
dowed with  a  saving  sense  of  humor,  a  genial 
kindliness  of  bearing  toward  those  who  come  in 
active  contact  with  him,  he  has  maintained  the  re- 
spect of  those  with  whom  he  has  sometimes  differed 
in  questions  of  railroad  management.  His  pre- 
eminent position  in  the  railroad  world  of  New 
Hampshire  is  due  to  his  commanding  ability,  his 
strict  integrity  and  his  untiring  energy.  To  him, 
more  than  to  any  other  one  man,  is  due  the  up- 
building of  a  great  railroad  system  which  became 
an  important  factor  in  the  past,  present  and 
future  of  New  England.  Mr.  Kimball  is  a  trustee 
of  the  Alpha  Omega  chapter  of  the  Beta  Theta  Pi 
of  Dartmouth,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Social  Science  Association,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
Wonolancet  Club.  He  was  married  at  Canter- 
bury, N.  H.,  Jan.  10,  1861,  to  Myra  Tilton, 
daughter  of  Ira  Elliott,  of  Northfield,  N.  H.,  and 
has  one  son,  Henry  Ames  Kimball. 

KIMBALL,  John,  banker,  was  born  at  Canter- 
bury, N.  H.,  Apr.  13,  1821,  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Ruth  (Ames)  Kimball.  His  first  American  ances- 
tor was  Richard  Kimball,  who  came  from  England 
in  1634  and  settled  at  Watertown,  Mass.;  from 
him  and  his  wife,  Ursula  Scott,  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Richard  and  his  wife 
Mary;  their  son  Caleb  and  his  wife  Sarah;  their 
son  John  and  his  wife,  Abigail  Lyford;  their  son 
Joseph  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Smith,  and  their  son 
John  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Moulton,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  John  Kimball.  He  was  appren- 
ticed at  the  age  of  seventeen  to  the  trade  of  mill- 
wright with  his  cousin,  William  Mood}'  Kimball. 
In  1848  he  took  charge  of  the  new  machine  and 
car  shop  of  the  Concord  railroad  at  Concord,  N.  H., 
and  was  master  mechanic  of  the  railroad  during 
1850-58.  For  several  years  he  was  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Concord  Gas  Light  Co.,  treasurer 
and  later  president  of  the  Merrimack  County  Sav- 
ings Bank  and  a  director  of  the  Mechanics'  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Concord.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
civic  life  of  Concord  and  was  also  a  conspicuous 
figure  in  the  public  life  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Concord  common  council  in  1856, 
and  being  re-elected,  was  chosen  president  of  the 
council;  during  1859-62  he  was  city  marshall  and 
collector  of  taxes,  and  was  elected  mavor  for  four 
terms  (1872-78).  In  1858  and  in  1859  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  representa- 
tives, and  in  1862  he  was  appointed  by  Pres.  Lin- 
coln collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  2d  dis. 
trict  of  New  Hampshire,  holding  the  latter  posi- 
tion for  seven  years.  Although  he  handled  approx- 
imately $7,000,000,  the  final  audit  of  his  accounts 
did  not  show  the  inaccuracy  of  even  one  dollar. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  for  the  re- 
vision of  the  state  constitution  in  1876,  and  in  the 
following  year  was  appointed  one  of  three  com- 
missioners to  supervise  the  erection  of  the  new 
state  prison.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 


1880  and  was  chosen  president  of  that  body.  Mr. 
Kimball  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republi- 
can party  in  1856,  and  until  his  death  remained 
prominent  in  its  councils,  serving  frequently  at 
state  and  other  conventions.  For  years,  and  espe- 
cially during  the  trying  times  of  the  civil  war,  he 
enjoyed  the  intimate  friendship  and  confidence  of 
the  most  prominent  statesmen  of  the  time.  During 
his  later  years  Mr.  Kimball 's  life  was  as  distin- 
guished for  his  religious  and  philanthropic  activi- 
ties as  was  his  earlier  career  in  business  and 
politics.  A  life-long  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  he  served  as  deacon  for  thirteen 
years  and  then  deacon  emeritus,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  building  committee  of  the  present  church 
edifice.  He  was  a  thorough  Biblical  student,  and 
for  many  years  conducted  a  Bible  class  in  the 
South  Congregational  Church ;  he  was  treasurer  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Bible  Society  during  1871- 
191.3.  He  was  president  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Oild  Fellows  Home;  president  of  the  Centennial 
Home  for  the  Aged,  and  president,  ami  treasurer 
of  the  New  Hampshire  Orphans'  Ho^ie,  to  which 
he  contributed  funds  for  the  memorial  chapel  that 
bears  his  name.  Mr.  Kimball  was  an  exceptionally 
well-informed  man;  a  life-long  student  of  history; 
he  possessed  fine  conversational  powers,  a  cour- 
teous, genial  manner  and  commanding  presence. 
Dartmouth  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  A.M.  in  1S82.  He  was  married  (1)  at  Law- 
rence, Mass.,  May  27,  1846,  to  Maria,  daughter  of 
Elam  Phillips,  of  Rupert,  Vt.;  she  died  Dec.  22, 
1894,  and  he  was  married  again  Oct.  15,  1895,  to 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Daniel  C.  Atkinson,  of 
Nashua,  N.  H.  One  daughter  survived  him,  Clara 
Maria,  wife  of  Augustine  R.  Ayers.  He  died  at 
Concord,  N.  II.,  June  1,  1913. 

ANDERSON,  James,  manufacturer  and  phi- 
lanthropist, was  born  in  Shippensburg,  Cumber- 
land county,  Pa.,  Aug.  3,  1784,  son  of  Maj.  William 
Anderson,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  father 
served  in  the  revolutionary  war  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania line  troops,  under  Washington,  and  went  to 
Pittsburgh  about  1797.  Early  in  life  James  Ander- 
son engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Richard  Gray.  In  the  war  of  1812 
he  served  under  Gen.  William  Henry  Harrison  in 
the  army  of  the  Northwest,  was  commissioned 
colonel,  and  had  command  of  a  foraging  and  sup- 
ply train.  He  succeeded  his  father  in  the  milling 
business  in  Pittsburgh,  and  erected  the  pioneer 
steam  saw  and  grist  mill  in  that  section  of  the 
state.  In  1816,  in  association  with  other  promi- 
nent Pittsburghers  of  that  day,  he  organized  the 
Allegheny  Bridge  Co.,  and  in  1827,  with  Sylvanus 
Lothrop  and  Henry  Blake,  he  built  the  Juniata 
rolling  mill,  the  first  iron  mill  in  Allegheny.  He 
sold  out  his  interest  in  1834,  but  later  became  an 
iron  master  again.  His  son,  with  two  others,  had 
purchased  the  iron  mills  built  and  operated  by  the 
Lippincotts,  but  the  firm  became  financially  em- 
barrassed. Col.  Anderson  was  an  endorser  of  their 
paper,  and  for  five  years  he  was  compelled  to 
manage  the  works  in  order  that  the  debts  might 
be  paid.  He  was  successful  and  sold  his  interest 
to  Graff,  Lindsay  &  Co.  He  later  established  a 
paper  mill  at  Canton,  0.,  but  it  did  not  prove  a 
success,  and  he  retired  from  business,  devoting 
the  remainder  of  his  life  to  charitable  and  philan- 
thropic work.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Exchange  National  Bank,  president  of  the 
Manchester  Savings  Br.nk,  director  of  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  the  House  of  Rofuge 
(now  the  Reform  School  at  Morganza,  Pa.),  and 
president  of  the  board  of  mauagers  of  the  West- 


jjo  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

ern  Penitentiary.     Col.  Anderson  had  a  taste  for  the  ways  and  means  committee  were  re-elected  in 

literature  and  acquired  an  extensive  library.     He  1S96,  and  in  anticipation  of  a  call  by  Pres.  McKin- 

was  liberal  with  his  books,  and  freely  loaned  them  ley  of  a  special  session  of  congress  for  the  pur- 

to  the  boys  of  the  neighborhood,  among  whom  was  pose  of  revising  the  tariff,  they  met  in  the  Cochran 

Andrew  Carnegie,  who  prized  the  opportunity  so  Hotel  in  Washington,  and  for  many  weeks  labored 

highly  that  he  informed  a  friend  that  if  he  was  in  the  preparation  of  the  original  draft  of  what 

ever  able  to  do  so  he  would  build  a  library,  that  became  known  as  the  Dingley  tariff  act.    When  in 

the  young  men  of  other   generations   might   par-  congress,  his  votes  were  guided  rather  by  judicial 

take" of  the  enjoyment  and  profit  which  had  been  principles    than   mere   party   considerations,    even 

placed  in  his  way.     Thus  Col.  Anderson  gave  the  in   contested  election  cases.      Indeed,   two   of   his 

inspiration  to  Carnegie  which  resulted  in  the  gifts  dominant   characteristics   are   a  strong  and   cour- 

of  hundreds  of  libraries  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  ageous  response  to  the  calls  of  duty  and  tireless 

In  1850  he  established  the  "James  Anderson  Li-  industry  in   meeting   such   demands.      Mr.   Evans 

brary  and  Institute  of  Allegheny  City."     Most  of.  was    an    ardent    protectionist    and    sound    money 

his   books   were   subsequently  turned   over   to   the  advocate,     and     those      doctrines     were     greatly 

school   board.      A   monument   was   erected   to   his  strengthened  in  Kentucky  by  his  efforts.       As  chair- 


June  6^  1811,  to  Ann  Miller,  a  daughter  of  one  a  plank  in  the  platform.  The  result  of  this  was 
of  the  early  settlers  of  Pittsburgh,  and  had  six  that  the  nominees  of  that  convention  for  governor 
children:  three  sons  who  died  in  infancy;  William  and  other  state  officers  were  elected — an  unpre- 
G. ;  Isabel  B.,  wife  of  Bev.  William  Burnett,  and  eedented  thing  in  Kentucky.  In  1899,  Pres. 
Henry  Linton  Anderson.  He  died  in  Allegheny,  JIcKinley  appointed  him  U.  S.  district  judge  for 
Pa.,  Mar.  11,  1861.  the  district  of  Kentucky,  and  when  the  state  was 

EVANS,  Walter,  jurist,  was  born  in  Barren  divided  into  two  districts,  on  July  1,  1901,  he  was 
county,  Ky.,  Sept.  18,  1842,  son  of  Joseph  War-  assigned  to  the  western  district.  The  Federal  re- 
der  and  Matilda  (Bitter)  Evans,  and  grandson  of  porter  indicates  the  character  of  his  judicial  work. 
Alexander  and  Ann  (Warder)  Evans.  His  mother  Some  of  his  more  important  cases  are  in  Eeiuecke 
was  a  sister  of  Burwell  C.  Eitter,  member  of  Coal  Mining  Co.  vs.  Wood,  112  Fed.  477,  the 
the  39th  congress.  While  attending  the  district  decision  and  injunction  in  which  at  once  quelled 
school  he  busied  himself  on  a  farm  until  18(50,  great  disturbances  in  a  mining  district  which  had 
when  he  became  deputy  clerk  in  the  county  clerk 's  continued  unchecked  for  more  than  eighteen 
office  at  Hopkinsville,  Ky.  In  the  following  year  months;  in  re  Comingore,  collector,  96  Fed.  552; 
he  entered  the  federal  army  and  became  second  establishing  the  proposition  that  officers  of  a  state 
lieutenant  of  company  C,  25th  Ky.  infantry,  but  have  no  right  to  demand  an  inspection  of  papers 
later  commanded  company  G,  which  he  led  in  the  pertaining  to  the  governmental  affairs  of  the  na- 
battle  of  Fort  Donelson.  "He  was  promoted  to  the  tion  in  the  office  of  collectors  of  internal  revenue; 
rank  of  captain,  and  after  a  short  period  of  active  St.  Bernard  Mining  Co.  vs.  Madisonville  Traction 
service,  resigned,  when  his  regiment  was  consoli-  Co.,  130  Fed.  789;  allowing  foreign  corporations 
dated  with  the  17th  Kentucky.  Eeturniug  to  Hop-  to  remove  to  the  Federal  courts  suits  for  condem- 
kinsville,  he  was  again  a  deputy  clerk  of  the  county  nation  of  property;  order  of  Eailroad  Telegraphers 
court  and  later  chief  deputy  clerk  of  the  circuit  vs.  Louisville  &  Nashville  Eailroad  Co.,  148  Fed. 
court.  Meanwhile  he  studied  law  at  night  with-  4.n>7,  in  which  he  held  that,  the  act  of  June  1, 
out  a  preceptor,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864  1898,  which  made  it  a  criminal  offense  for  an 
and  practiced  in  Hopkinsville  until  1874,  when  he  interstate  carrier  as  an  employer  to  require  of 
removed  to  Louisville.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  persons  seeking  employment  to  enter  into  an  agree- 
the  state  legislature  and  in  1873  to  the  state  sen-  ment  not  to  remain  in  a  labor  union  organization, 
ate.  serving  on  the  judiciary  committee  in  each  was  unconstitutional.  Subsequently  in  a  different 
body.  He  was  Eepublican  nominee  for  congress  case,  the  supreme  court  also  so  held  in  reversing 
in  1876,  and  for  governor  in  1879,  and  a  delegate  decisions  the  other  wny:  Brooks  vs.  Southern 
to  the  Eepublican  national  conventions  in  1868,  Pacific  Co.,  148  Fed.  9S6;  holding  that  the  first 
1872,  1880  and  1884.  In  1880  he  led  a  spirited  Employers' Liability  act  was  unconstitutional,  and 
campaign  in  Kentucky  in  favor  of  the  renomina-  affirmed  by  the  supreme  court;  American  Loan  & 
tion  of  Gen.  Grant,  and  was  one  of  the  306  who,  Trust  Co.  vs.  Grand  Eivers  Co.,  159  Fed.  775; 
at  the  national  convention,  stood  by  him  to  the  ruling  against  the  requirement  by  the  attorney 
last.  Three  years  later  he  was  appointed  by  Pres.  general  of  the  deposit  in  the  IT.  S.  treasury  of 
Arthur  commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  which  funds  in  the  registry  of  the  courts,  until,  pur- 
office  he  held  until  March,  1885,  when  he  resumed  suant  to  a  suggestion  in  the  opinion,  a  proper  act 
the  practice  of  law  in  Louisville.  When  a  new  was  passed  by  congress  to  protect  litigants; 
constitution  was  about  to  be  adopted  in  Kentucky  TTnited  States  vs.  Louisville  Bridge  Co.,  233  Fed. 
i"  IsiU,  Mr.  Evans  came  forward  as  its  opponent  27;  establishing  that  the  secretary  of  war  had 
end  attracted  much  attention  by  his  arguments  power  to  require  alterations  in  bridges  over  navi- 
before  the  courts  in  a  suit  to  test  the  validiy  of  gable  streams,  and  Hendrickson  vs.  Apperson,  238, 
the  new  instrument.  His  political  and  legal  at-  Fed.  474.  which  solved  the  question  of  means  to 
tainments  having  in  these  ways  been  brought  enforce  the  collection  of  debts  due  from  counties 
prominently  before  the  electors,  in  1894  he  was  in  Kentucky  which  sought  to  repudiate  them.  By 
chosen  as  a  representative  in  the  54th  congress,  his  vigorous  treatment  of  the  case  of  Hollowell 
being  the  first  Republican  ever  elected  from  the  vs.  Hollowell,  tried  at  Paducah  in  1908,  he  sup- 
Louisville  district.  Although  it  was  his  first  ses-  pressed  the  notorious  and  murderous  organization 
Bion,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  ways  in  Western  Kentucky  known  as  Night  Eiders.  The 
and  means  committee,  and  later  was  made  chair-  verdict  of  the  jury  for  $35,000  damages  deterred 
man  of  the  sub-committee  on  internal  revenue,  his  them  from  further  activity;  and  quite  as  important 
reports  for  which  were  highly  commended.  All  as  any  of  those  cases  was  his  opinion  and  decree 
the  Eepublicau  members  (including  Mr.  Evans)  of  in  March,  1918,  in  Muir  vs.  Louisville  &  Nashville 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


113 


Railroad  Co.,  247  Fed.,  wherein  a  war  statute  was 
construed.  From  his  early  youth  he  has  been  im- 
bued with  strong  religious  convictions,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  (Disciples)  church.  He 
has  been  twice  married:  (1)  June  9,  1868,  to 
Louise,  daughter  of  John  B.  Gowen,  of  Hopkins- 
ville,  Ky.,  by  whom  he  had  two  children,  both 
deceased.  Mrs.  Evans  died  in  1905,  and  he  was 
married  (2)  Aug.  25,  1015,  to  Sarah  Louise,  daugh- 
ter of  Cyrus  G.  Wood,  of  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Pendennis  Club,  and  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  i'omniandery  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion. 

HIGBEE,  Chester  Goss,  soldier,  physician, 
and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Pike,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  5,  1835,  son  of  Enos  Jackson  and  Lucy 
Mathews  (Patch)  Highee,  and  grandson  of 
Ephraim  Patch,  who  served  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  His  father,  a  farmer,  removed  to  the  vicinity 
of  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis.,  where  the  sen  spent  his 
boyhood,  and  where  he  attended  the  district  schools. 
A  resident  of  Hudson,  Wis.,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company 
A,  12th  regiment,  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry; 
was  promoted  first  sergeant  in  December,  1861; 
second  lieutenant  in  May,  1S62;  captain  in  Novem- 
ber, 1S64,  and  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  serv- 
ice in  December  of  that  year.  His  service  covered 
the  campaigns  in  Missouri  and  Kansas  during  1861- 
1862,  and  in  Tennessee  and  Mississippi,  including 
the  siege  of  Yicksburg  and  the  Meridian  expedi- 
tion. During  the  Atlanta  campaign  and  the  march 
to  the  sea  his  command  was  attached  to  the  19th 
army  corps.  He  was  wounded  at  Atlanta  in 
August,  1S64.  Throughout  the  conflict  he  demon- 
strated his  patriotism,  and  his  promotion  was  won 
by  bravery  a~id  exemplary  conduct.  After  the  war 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and 
was  graduated  at  St.  Louis  College  of  Homeo- 
pathic Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Feb.  24,  1870, 
and  at  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  Feb. 
23,  1871.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  but  in  1870  located  in  St. 
Paul,  where  with  the  exception  of  a  three  years' 
sojourn  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  of  some  months' 
travel  in  Europe,  he  practiced  actively  and  suc- 
cessfully until  his  death.  Possessed  of  a  rare  per- 
sonality, he  united  in  felicitous  manner  the  skill 
of  the  physician  with  the  fatherly  mien  that  be- 
gets confidence,  affection  and  trust.  He  was  fre- 
quently called  "The  Good  Physician."  The  emini- 
nent  position  which  he  occupied  for  more  than  forty 
years  in  St.  Paul,  the  northwest,  and  among  his 
fellow  practitioners,  nationally,  was  no  accident. 
He  was  long  a  member  of  the  United  States  Board 
of  Pension  Examiners;  consulting  surgeon  of  the 
Minnesota  Soldiers'  Home;  president  of  the  direc- 
tors of  Cobb  Hospital,  and  a  trusted  counsellor 
in  medical  affairs  for  numerous  charitable  associa- 
tions. He  was  past  commander  of  Acker  Post,  G. 
A.  R. ;  charter  member  (1885)  of  Minnesota  Com- 
mandery,  Loyal  Legion  (commander,  1906-07)  ; 
and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge,  chapter  and 
^ommandery,  having  taken  the  thirty-second  degree. 
He  was  at  one  time  vice-president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homeopathy,  and  also  president  of  the 
Minnesota  Association  of  Homeopathic  Physicians 
and  Surgeons.  Dr.  Higbee  was  twice  married;  his 
second  marriage  was  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Jan. 
17,  1876,  to  Isabel  A.,  daughter  of  Joshua  Davis.  ~f 
Warren,  Vt.,  who  survives  him,  and  who,  as 
a  state  leader  and  national  figure  in  various  or- 
ganizations of  women  for  mental  and  social  im- 
provement, for  effective  influence  on  legislation, 
administration  and  all  features  of  good  govern- 


ment, nobly  supplements  the  life-work  of  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  Higbee  died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Apr. 
3,  1908. 

GWALTNEY,  Pembroke  Decatur,  manufac- 
turer and  inventor,  was  born  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co., 
Va.,  Sept.  21,  1836,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Martha 
(Delk)  Gwaltney.  His  father  was  a  prosperous 
planter.  He  was  educated  in  the  local  schools 
and  at  fourteen  became  apprenticed  to  a  gun- 
mnker  in  Richmond,  continuing  four  years  in  that 
capacity.  He  then  formed  a  partnership  in  gun- 
making  with  a  relative  at  Portsmouth,  subsequently 
removing  the  business  to  Norfolk.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  he  removed  his  gunshop  to. 
Surry  county,  and  was  later  ordered  by  Col.  Roger 
A.  Pryor  (q.  v.),  to  open  shop  at  Smithfield,  Va. 
He  was  virtually  in  the  service  of  the  Confed- 
eracy throughout  this  period.  After  the  evacua- 
tion of  Norfolk  he  joined  the  Surry  light  artillery, 
but  at  Sharpsburg  (Antietam)  he  was  detailed  to 
the  ordnance  department  and  placed  in  charge  of 
repair  shops  at  Winchester,  and  was  finally  trans- 
ferred to  the  2d  corps,  Army  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia, as  master  armorer.  He  escaped  capture  at 
the  battle  of  Waynesboro,  and  inarched  with  his 
old  battery  from.  Richmond  to  Appomattox.  With 
others  he  surrendered  at  Ford 's  Farm,  near  Pe- 
tersburg, being  held  prisoner  at  Newport  News, 
until  July,  1865.  He  participated  in  most  of  the 
principal  battles  and  engagements  of  Lee  's  army, 
including  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  the  cap- 
ture of  Milroy  at  Winchester,  and  the  last  battle 
at  Winchester,  besides  numerous  other  skirmishes 
in  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah.  After  being  re- 
leased from  prison  he  began  the  cultivation  of 
peanuts  in  a  small  way  in  Surry  county.  In  1870 
he  removed  to  Smithfield  and  commenced  cleaning 
nuts  for  market,  buying  from  the  farmers,  and 
using  a  small  roller  cylinder  and  a  wheat  fan 
turned  by  hand  power.  By  mixing  and  manipu- 
lating them  he  could  offer  for  sale  nuts  of  uni- 
form grade,  which  created  an  increased  demand, 
but  he  was  unable  to  supply  it  with  his  crude  ma- 
chinery. Meanwhile,  he  formed  a  copartnership 
with  Capt.  O.  G.  Delk,  in  the  river  transportation 
business,  and  took  to  Norfolk  the  products  of  Isle 
of  Wight  county,  chiefly  peanuts.  In  1880  he 
built,  his  first  peanut  factory  at  Smithfield,  and 
installed  machinery  for  cleaning  and  grading, 
which  was  regarded  as  a  marvel  of  perfection. 
The  output  of  the  factory  that  year  was  40,000 
bags.  Augustus  Bunkley  then  became  interested 
in  the  business,  and  the  firm  of  Gwaltney  & 
Bunkley  continued  until  1891,  when  it  was  incor- 
porated as  the  Gwaltney-Bunkley  Peanut  Co. 
Forty-five  million  pounds  of  cleaned,  hand-picked 
and  graded  nuts  were  sent  to  market  in  1903.  In 
1906  he  invented  Gwaltney 's  stemming  machine, 
which  completetly  revolutionized  the  industry. 
Prior  to  this  time  peanuts  had  been  picked  by 
hand,  requiring  many  weeks  to  market  the  crop, 
but  his  stemming  machine  now  does  the  work  as 
easily  and  as  quickly  as  wheat  is  threshed  by 
modern  machinery,  and  in  a  somewhat  similar 
manner.  This  patent  was  infringed  by  another 
firm,  and  a  lawsuit  was  instituted  by  the  patentee 
which  still  (1918)  continues  to  he  fought  in  the 
courts.  He  was  rightly  heralded  as  the  ''Peanut 
King,"  for  more  than  any  other  man  he  was  the 
pioneer  in  the  business  in  this  country.  He  en- 
tered the  business  at  a  time  when  nuts  were 
planted  by  hand  and  cultivated  by  a  hoe,  when 
they  were  shipped  by  farmers  in  the  careless  man- 
ner in  which  they  were  picked,  and  when  the  de- 
mand was  naturally  so  slight  that  it  could  scarcely 


114 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


be  lated  as  an  emterprise.  In  1910  there  were 
1,000,000  acres  planted  in  peanuts  in  America,  and 
the  product  was  valued  at  $18,000,000  annually, 
an  increase  of  more  than  150  per  cent,  over  the 
value  of  the  product  as  given  in  the  previous 
census.  In  1918  the  acreage  and  value  had 
increased  in  proportion,  yet  the  demand  for  nuts 
is  usually  greater  than  the  supply.  He  was  like- 
wise connected  with  the  Bain  Peanut  Co.,  Wake- 
field,  Va.,  and  the  Norfolk  Storage  Co.,  and  in 
1906  he  became  president  of  the  newly  organized 
American  Peanut  Corporation.  For  a  few  years 
following  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Isle  of  Wight  county.  lie  was  a 
stockholder  of  the  first  bank  established  at  Smith- 
field  there,  and  subsequently  organized  the  Bank 
of  Smithfield.  In  1887  he  built  the  first  telephone 
line  in  that  town,  and  was  actively  interested  in 
its  development  until  his  death.  He  also  served  as 
member  of  the  town  council.  At  his  death  he 
was  senior  deacon  of  Smithfield  Baptist  Church, 
superintendent  of  its  Sunday  school  ami  teacher 
of  a  class,  and  he  gave  liberally  to  all  church  and 
religious  welfare  work.  He  found  his  chief  rec- 
reation in  yachting,  fishing  and  rose  culture,  and 
in  reading  Shakespeare.  His  dominating  personal 
characteristics  were  a  firm  self-reliance,  unswerv- 
ing integrity,  perseverance  and  untiring  industry. 
He  was  married  (I)  in  Surry  county,  Va,,  May 
11,  1S58.  to  Martha  Virginia,  daughter  of  Col. 
James  Harris,  a  planter  of  that  county;  (II)  at 
Suffolk,  Va.,  Dee.  1,  1910,  to  Martha"  Catharine, 
daughter  of  Edwin  P.  Womble,  a  planter,  of  Isle  of 
Wight  co.;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children 
by  the  first  union:  Nellie  Eena,  wife  of  John  E. 
Maxwell,  Norfolk;  Cora  Virginia,  wife  of  Frank 
R.  Berrvman,  Smithfield,  and  Pembroke  Decatur 
Gwathney,  Jr.  He  died  at  Smithfield,  Va.,  Feb. 
10,  1914.' 

AXLINE,  Samuel  Preston,  lawyer  and  edu- 
cator, was  born  in  Muskiugum  county,  O.,  Mar.  31, 
1849,  son  of  Philip  H.  and  Eleanor  (Lyle)  Axline. 
His  father  was  a  minister  of  the  Disciples  of 
Christ,  or  the  Christian,  church.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
sixteen  taught  school  in  Licking  county.  He 
learned  the  potter's  trade,  which  he  followed 
seven  years,  residing  during  a  part  of  this  period 
at  Mogadore,  O.  Meanwhile  he  had  studied  stenog- 
raphy, and  in  1882  organized  the  stenographic 
department  of  Ohio  Northern  University  at  Ada, 
O.  Later  he  began  the  study  of  law ;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1888  and  shortly  thereafter 
became  dean  of  the  law  department  of  Ohio 
Northern  University  and  served  continuously  in 
that  capacity  for  twenty-nine  years.  There  were 
but  two  graduates  of  the  college  of  law  when  he 
became  its  head,  whereas  when  he  left  Ada  in  1914 
the  alumni  numbered  approximately  800.  Through- 
out that  period  he  also  practiced  extensively  in  the 
state  and  Federal  courts.  He  removed  to  Toledo, 
O.,  in  1914  and  became  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Hankison,  Axline  &  Deeds,  with  Otto  L. 
Hankison  and  Clyde  L.  Deeds.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Lucas  County  Bar  Association,  Ohio  North- 
ern University  Law  Association,  Franklin  Literary 
Society,  Delta  Theta  Phi  and  Sigma  Phi  Epsilon 
fraternities,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  tin-  Republic.  He 
possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and  held  va- 
rious positions  of  trust  and  responsibility.  For 
years  he  was  city  solicitor  of  Ada.  As  a  debater 
and  parliamentarian  he  ranked  far  above  the  av- 
erage, and  was  well  equipped  for  public  service. 
Not  only  was  he  a  profound  scholar,  able  teacher 


and  wise  advocate,  but  one  of  the  most  lovable 
of  men.  A  delightful  conversationalist,  he  brought 
into  the  social  life  the  ripe  scholarship,  keen  wit, 
kindly  humor  and  broad  knowledge  of  affairs 
which  made  him  so  formidable  an  antagonist  in 
the  court  room.  He  was  married  Oct.  1,  1M4,  to 
Ellen,  daughter  of  James  S.  Monroe,  of  Moga- 
dore, 0.,  and  they  had  one  daughter,  who  died  in 
infancy.  He  died  at  Toledo,  O.,  June  11,  1916. 

ALLMENDINGEK,  David  Frederick,  manu- 
facturer, was  born  iu  the  district  of  Wurttem- 
berg,  Germany,  Feb.  25,  1848,  sou  of  John  David 
and  Christina  (Roernersperger)  Allmendinger,  and 
came  with  them  to  America  in  1851,  settling  at 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  His  father  was  a  shoe  manu- 
facturer. He  received  his  education  in  the  schools 
of  Ann  Arbor,  and  later  studied  the  trade  of 
organ-making  in  that  city  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  Gottleb  Gaerttner.  In  1872  he  started 
an  independent  business  which  was  later  incor- 
porated as  the  Allmeudinger  Organ  Co.  Subse- 
quently it  became  the  Ann  Arbor  Organ  Co.,  of 
which  he  was  superintendent  until  his  death.  Aside 
from  establishing  for  himself  a  national  reputa- 
tion as  an  organ  maker,  he  also  served  several 
terms  as  alderman,  and  as  a  park  commissioner 
he  did  much  to  beautify  the  city.  The  personality 
and  private  life  of  David  Allmendinger  were  a 
constant  inspiration  to  all  about  him.  He  made 
his  way  by  his  own  intelligent  industry  and  perse- 
verance, and  he  became  one  of  the  notably  suc- 
cessful men  of  Ami  Arbor.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  gardening.  He  was  married 
Aug.  24,  1871,  to  Marie  W.,  daughter  of  Gottleb 
Gaerttner  of  Ann  Arbor;  she  survives  him  with 
thirteen  children :  Pauline  Rosina  Christina,  wife 
of  Charles  Dalke,  of  Prescott,  Ariz.;  Herman 
David;  Marie  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Kolberg, 
of  Palouse,  Wash. ;  Louise  Charlotte,  wife  of  A.  F. 
McClusky,  of  Buhl,  Idaho;  Helen  Sophia,  a 
singer  of  Cleveland,  O.;  Julia  Johanna,  wife  of 
William  H.  Murray,  of  Ann  Arbor;  Otto  Adolph; 
Clara  Catherine,  wife  of  Charles  E.  Bebert,  of 
Ann  Arbor;  Ruth,  wife  of  Ellery  Schmied,  of 
Ann  Arbor;  Victor  Albert;  Martin  Nathaniel; 
Eosa  Eleanor  and  Emma  Cornelia  Allmendiuger. 
He  died  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  Apr.  20,  1916. 

ETJTCHINGS,  John  Bacon,  architect,  was 
born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Nov.  25,  1859,  son  of  Dr. 
Eusebius  and  Elizabeth  (Bacon)  Hutchings.  His 
father  was  a  druggist  and  banker.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  private  schools  in  Louisville  and  at  Grey- 
lock  Institute,  Williamstown,  Mass.  After  the 
death  of  his  father  in  1878,  he  entered  business 
life  in  Louisville,  Ky.  With  other  capitalists  of 
that  city  he  became  interested  in  real  estate  and 
the  water  power  of  Little  Falls,  Minn.,  whence  he 
removed  in  1889,  having  previously  formed  the 
Little  Falls  Water  Power  Co.,  the  Electric  Light 
Co.  and  the  Antlers  Hotel  Co.  He  also  superin- 
tended the  building  of  the  Antlers  Hotel,  designed 
the  Water  Power  and  Electric  Light  building  and 
many  residences,  stores  and  buildings  of  different 
kinds.  Returning  to  Louisville  in  1S91,  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Cornelius  A.  Curtin,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Curtin  &  Hutchings,  architects,  which 
continued  for  about  seven  years.  Thereafter  Mr. 
Hutchings  remained  in  business  alone  until  he  took 
into  partnership  his  two  sons,  John  B.  Hutchings, 
Jr.,  former  assistant  professor  of  architectural 
engineering,  University  of  Illinois,  and  Eusebius 
T.  Hutehings.  This  firm,  which  continued  with  re- 
markable success  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Hutchings, 
is  now  carried  on  by  his  sons.  Among  the  striking 


PEMBROKE  D.  CAVALTXEY 

MANUFACTURER 


SAMUEL  P.  AXLINE 
LAWYER 


DAVID  F.  ALLMEXDINGER 
MANUFACTURER 


JOHN  B.  HUTCHINGS 

ARCHITECT 


GEORGE  W.  COIT 

PHYSICIAN 


FRAXK  M.  DAVIS 
BANKER 


JOHN  M.  DAVISOX 
MINERALOGIST 


CHARLES  E.  LORD 

PATENT  LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


115 


examples  of  his  work  outside  of  Louisville  are: 
the  Christ  Church  Cathedral  House,  Lexington, 
Ky. ;  the  Blish  Memorial  Farmers'  Club,  Seymour, 
Ind. ;  Hon.  S.  Thurston  Ballard  's  winter  home  at 
Kan  Gallie,  Fla. ;  Woodford  County  Hospital, 
Versailles,  Ky. ;  Paignaml  Collegiate  Institute, 
Whitesburg,  Ky.,  and  Peristyle,  E.  H.  Taylor,  Jr., 
&  Sous,  Frankfort,  Ky.  His  strict  uprightness  and 
great  fairness  caused  him  to  be  called  frequently 
to  adjust  insurance  losses.  He  was  also  called  as 
an  expert  to  investigate  the  strength  of  buildings, 
and  possessed  a  remarkable  faculty  for  success- 
fully remodeling  old  structures,  among  which  are: 
The  "Courier  Journal"  building,  the  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association,  Entrance  to  Cave 
Hill  C'emetery,  Presbyterian  Orphanage,  Anchor- 
age, Ky. ;  Highland  Presbyterian  Church,  Vienna 
Bakery,  Henri  Barret  Moufort  Home,  and  others. 
Some  of  his  handsomest  achievements  in  Louis- 
ville are  residences  of  Charles  T.  Ballard,  J.  D. 
Stewart,  C.  C.  Mengel,  Maj.  C.  J.  F.  Allen,  Mrs. 
Morris  B.  Belknap,  F.  M.  Sackett  and  Arthur  D. 
Allen;  Highland  Public  Library,  (First  Branch)  ; 
the  Chapel,  Care  Hill  Cemetery,  and  the  Highland 
Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Hutchings  also  made  a  life- 
long study  of  boats,  and  vfas  a  successful  designer 
of  tunnel  stern  motor  fishing  boats,  sailing  cruisers 
and  flat  bottom  runabouts.  He  was  among  the  first 
to  make  use  of  the  advantages  of  pleasure  boating 
offered  by  the  Ohio  river  near  Louisville,  and  was 
an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Old  Louisville  Boat 
Club.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Masons,  Blue 
Lodge,  No.  376 ;  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion; Elks  Lodge,  No.  8;  American  Institute  of 
Architects,  Naval  League  of  Louisville,  National 
Geographic  Society,  and  the  Louisville  Gun,  Rifle 
and  Revolver,  Rotary,  Conservation  and  Pendeunis 
clubs.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Highland  Pres- 
byterian Church,  and  a  great  friend  of  the  Louis- 
ville Public  Library.  In  1S78  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Old  Louisville  Legion,  and  in  18S5  he  was 
appointed  aide-de-camp,  with  the  rank  of  colonel, 
on  Gov.  J.  Proctor  Knott  's  staff.  He  was  married 
Jan.  1,  1880,  to  Lena,  daughter  of  Theodore 
Schwartz,  for  forty  years  consul  for  Germany  and 
Austria;  their  children  were:  John  Bacon,  Jr.; 
Eusebius  T. ;  Carolyn  Castleman,  and  Anne  Cood 
Hutchings.  He  died  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  Jan  17, 
1916. 

COIT,  George  William,  physician,  was  born  at 
Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  Dec.  9,  18o6,  son  of  Nathaniel 
and  Mariam  (Place)  Coit.  His  paternal  ancestors 
emigrated  from  Glamorganshire,  Wales,  in  1632, 
and  settled  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  His  grandfather, 
Samuel  Coit,  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolution- 
ary war;  his  father,  Nathaniel  Coit,  served  in  the 
war  of  1812,  while  our  subject  served  for  two  years 
in  the  civil  war.  George  W.  Coit  was  educated 
at  the  public  schools  of  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  the  semi- 
nary at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.,  and  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, Middletown,  Conn.;  he  began  the  study  of 
medicine  at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  at  Cincin- 
nati, and  was  graduated  at  Bellevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College,  New  York  city,  with  the  degree  of 
M.D.  in  1866.  That  same  year  he  settled  in  Mis- 
souri valley,  la.,  where  his  practice  extended  over  a 
large  portion  of  the  western  counties  of  Iowa. 
When  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley 
Railway  was  built  as  a  part  of  the  Sioux  City  & 
Pacific  Railway,  he  was  made  chief  surgeon,  con- 
tinuing in  that  relation  until  its  consolidation  with 
the  Northwestern,  when  he  remained  as  district 
surgeon  for  the  western  part  of  the  Northwestern 
system.  Shortly  after  the  organization  of  the 
American  Association  of  Railway  Surgeons,  he  be- 


came a  member  and  remaining  thus  until  he  sev- 
ered all  railway  connections  in  1912.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Iowa  Association  of  Rail- 
way Surgeons,  and  was  elected  president  in  1894, 
and  president  of  the  Northwestern  Surgeons  Asso- 
ciation in  1911.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  and  the  Iowa  State 
Medical  Society,  as  well  as  the  Nebraska  Con- 
sistory and  Tangier  Temple  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  his  relig- 
ious affiliation  was  with  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Dr.  Coit  was  a  man  of  distinguished  bearing,  of 
courteous  manner,  and  while  reserved  in  his  man- 
ner, had  a  faculty  of  impressing  people  with  his 
character  and  dignity  without  giving  offense.  He 
was  married  at  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  April  23,  1867, 
to  Anna  Armstrong,  daughter  of  John  F.  Clark,  of 
Hudson  City,  N.  J.,  and  their  children  were:  John 
Clark,  and  Juanita,  wife  of  Herbert  Dick  Allee,  of 
Detroit,  Mich.  Dr.  Coit  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
Jan.  .10,  1916. 

DAVIS,  Frank  Morgan,  banker,  was  born  at 
Springfield,  Vt.,  Apr.  30,  1850,  son  of  Daniel  and 
Alice  (Morgan)  Davis.  Brought  up  ou  his  father's 
farm,  he  attended  the  public  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood and  began  his  business  careei  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Baxter  Bank  of  Rutland,  Vt.  Later 
he  became  a  clerk  in  the  auditor's  office -of  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad  Co.,  Grand 
Rapids,  and  in  1882  was  appointed  receiving  teller 
in  the  Grand  Rapids  National  Bank.  He  rose 
rapidly  to  places  of  greater  responsibility  with 
that  institution,  finally  becoming  its  cashier,  and 
continued  in  that  capacity  until  1907,  when  im- 
paired health  necessitated  his  retirement  from  ac- 
tive business  cares.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  Bankers'  Association,  and  was  a  domin- 
ant factor  in  the  work  of  the  Grand  Rapids  board 
of  trade.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty 
and  took  a  part  in  municipal  affairs,  but  his 
chief  interest,  aside  from  banking,  was  in  music. 
When  a  youth  he  sang  in  various  churches  and  in 
oratorio,  and  upon  removing  to  Grand  Rapids,  re- 
mained identified  with  the  musical  life  of  his 
adopted  city.  For  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
choir  of  St.  Mark  's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
of  which  he  was  a  communicant,  and  he  also  was 
for  years  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Schubert 
Club.  He  conducted  a  personal  canvas  to  interest 
the  business  men  of  Grand  Rapids  in  the  St. 
Cecilia  Society,  ar.d  he  raised  the  funds  to  lift 
the  second  mortgage  on  the  present  splendid  home 
of  that  society,  of  which  Mrs.  Davis  was  president. 
He  was  a  diligent  student  and  a  clear  thinker. 
Few  men  had  a  broader  or  more  comprehensive 
grasp  of  our  financial  and  industrial  system  or  a 
more  intelligent  and  practical  knowledge  of  its 
effect  upon  the  common  welfare.  He  was  married 
at  Cedar  Rapids,  la.,  Aug.  4.  1880,  to  Clara, 
daughter  of  Frederich  Haubrich,  a  merchant  of 
Claremont,  N.  H.  He  died  at  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  Jan.  28,  1913. 

BAVISON",  John  Mason,  chemist  and  mineral- 
ogist, was  born  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  IS,  1840, 
son  of  John  Mason  and  Sarah  Simons  (Walworth) 
Davison  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Davison, 
who  came  from  England  in  the  17th  century  ::i.  I 
settled  at  Ipswich,  Mass.  His  grandfather,  Gid'  '  . 
Miner  Davison,  was  for  twenty-three  years  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  "Saratoga  Sentinel"  at 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. ;  he  organized  and  super- 
intended the  construction  of  the  Saratoga  & 
Schenectady  Railroad,  the  second  in  the  United 
States:  and  later  supervised  the  construction  of 
the  Saratoga  &  Washington  Railroad,  of  which 


116  THE     NATIONAL,     CYCLOPEDIA 

he  was  president.  His  great-grandfather,  Capt.  public  and  high  schools  of  Somerville,  Mass.,  and 
John  Mason,  was  deputy  governor  of  the  Con-  was  graduated  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
necticut.  colony  and  held  every  public  office  except  Technology  with  the  degree  of  S.B.  in  1898.  He 
that  of  governor.  His  maternal  grandfather,  also  studied  law  at  the  law  school  of  Georgetown 
Reuben  Hyde  Walworth,  was  president  of  the  law  University,  and  was  subsequently  admitted  to  the 
department  of  the  University  of  Albany,  trustee  of  bar  in  the  states  of  Ohio,  Wisconsin  and  Illinois. 
Union  College,  president  of  various  organizations,  In  1898  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  American 
honorary  and  corresponding  member  of  numerous  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Co.,  with  headquarters 
historical,  genealogical,  scientific  and  literary  iu  Philadelphia.  The  following  year  he  became 
societies,  and  a  descendant  of  Sir  William  Wai-  examiner  in  the  U.  S.  Patent  Office  and  continued 
worth.  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  John  Mason  Davi-  thus  until  1902,  when  he  became  Patent  Attorney 
son.  father  of  our  subject,  was  registrar  in  chan-  for  the  General  Electric  Co.  In  1904  he  was 
eery  of  the  state  of  New  York;  president  of  the  placed  in  charge  of  the  patent  departments  of  Al- 
Saratoga  &  Whitehall  Railroad  Co.,  and  later  of  lis-Chalmers  Co.,  and  the  Bullock  Electric  Manu- 
the  Adirondack  Railroad  Co.  The  son  was  grad-  facturing  Co.  He  was  elected  president  of  The 
untcd  at  the  academies  of  Saratoga  Springs  and  Bullock  Electric  Co.  in  1905,  holding  the  office  for 
Bnllston  Spa,  and  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  under  several  years.  Since  1912  he  has  been  in  charge 
the  preceptorship  of  a  cousin.  He  was  graduated  of  patent  and  trade  mark  work  for  all  the  Iiiter- 
at  Williams  College  in  1862,  after  which  he  began  national  Harvester  companies.  Mr.  Lord  was  as- 
the  study  of  law  in  New  York  city  with  an  uncle  sociate  editor  of  ' '  Modern  Engineering  Prac- 
in  the  firm  of  Burrill,  Davison  &  Burrill.  In  1864  tice, "  (1902);  and  of  the  "Cyclopedia  of  En- 
he  removed  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  entered  the  gineering, "  (1902),  and  has  also  prepared  and 
service  of  the  Second  National  Bank,  and  in  1873  presented  various  papers  before  engineering  and 
was  promoted  assistant  cashier,  devoting  his  other  bodies.  About  twenty-live  patents  have  been 
spare  time  to  the  study  of  languages  and  the  issued  to  him  on  electrical  and  mechanical  inven- 
sciences,  especially  chemistry,  geology  and  miner-  tions,  and  for  years  he  has  combined  engineering 
alogy.  In  1882,  because  of  impaired  health,  he  and  legal  training  in  a  special  patent  law  prac- 
returned  to  Saratoga  Springs,  but  in  1887  went  to  tice  for  large  corporations.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  took  a  course  in  chem-  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers,  and  a 
istry  under  Prof.  Lattimore  of  Rochester  Uni-  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical 
versify.  From  that  time  until  1911  he  pursued  his  Enr-ineers,  Society  of  Automotive  Engineers,  Ameri- 
seientific  investigations  in  the  fields  of  chemistry  can  Society  of  Agricultural  Engineers,  American 
and  mineralogy  in  the  laboratory  of  Rochester  Bar  Association,  American  Patent  Law  Association, 
University.  He  analyzed  numerous  rocks,  stones  Chicago  Patent  Law  Association,  Chicago  Engl- 
and meteorites,  the  results  of  which  appeared  in  neers  Club,  University  Club  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
various  papers  read  before  the  Rochester  Academy  and  North  Shore  Golf  Club  of  Chicago.  His  favor- 
of  Science,  and  subsequently  published  in  the  ite  diversions  are  golf  and  fishing.  He  was  married 
"American  Journal  of  Science."  Their  titles  are:  Oct.  29,  1902,  to  Mary  Grace,  daughter  of  .hum's 
"Analysis  Welland  Meteorite,"  "Analysis  Dona  A.  Carroll,  a  deseendent  of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Car- 
Inez  Siderolite"  (1890),  "Analysis  of  Kamacite,  rollton,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
Taenite  and  Plessite  from  the  WeHand  Meteoric  there  are  three  children  of  this  union:  Charles 
Iron"  (1891),  "  Wardite,  A  New  Hydrous  Basic  Carroll,  Catherine  Frances,  and  James  Edward 
Phosphate  of  Alumina"  (1896);  "Quartz  Nodule  Lord.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 
with  Ra.liate  Structure"  (1898),  "Platinum  and  VOORHEES,  Theodore,  railroad  official,  was 
Iridium  in  Meteoric  Iron"  (1898),  "Internal  born  in  New  York  City,  June  4,  1847,  son  of 
Structure  of  Cliftonite"  (1902),  and  "A  Contri-  Benjamin  Franklin  and  Margaret  E.  (Sinclair) 
bution  to  the  Problem  of  Coon  Butte"  (1910).  In  Voorhees,  and  a  descendant  of  Stephen  Coert 
his  research  work  on  meteorites  he  discovered,  in  Van  Voorhees,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
1898,  platinum  and  iridium  in  meteoric  iron.  He  Holland  and  settled  at  Flatlands,  Brooklyn, 
also  discovered  a  new  mineral  in  1896,  which  N.  Y.,  in  16fiO.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
he  named  "Wardite"  in  honor  of  his  friend,  Henry  schools  of  New  York  City,  at  Columbia  College, 
A.  Ward.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  Rochester  and  at  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Academy  of  Science;  fellow  of  the  American  Asso-  Troy,  N.  Y.,  receiving  the  degree  of  C.E.  from 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  mem-  the  latter  in  18fi9.  That  same  year  he  began 
ber  of  the  American  Chemical  Society,  Society  of  his  railway  career  in  the  engineering  depart- 
Colonial  Wars,  Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants,  ment  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
and  Sigma  Phi  fraternity.  He  was  a  prodigious  Railroad,  where  he  remained  four  years;  after- 
reader,  especially  of  books  on  history,  travel  and  ward  serving  as  superintendent  of  the  Syracuse, 
science.  A  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  Binghamton  &  New  York  branch  of  that  road, 
church,  he  was  a  gieat  student  of  the  Bible,  and  In  1874-73  he  was  in  charge  of  the  transporta- 
during  his  residence  in  Rochester  he  taught  Bible  tion  department  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
classes  in  the  Sunday-school  of  St.  Peter's  Church.  Canal  Co.,  at  Albany,  when  he  was  advanced  to 
He  possessed  a  genial  disposition,  an  even  temper,  superintendent  of  its  northern  road  department, 
a  keen  sense  of  humor  and  a  generous  nature,  having  charge  of  the  Saratoga  &  Champlain 
and  was  a  loyal  citizen,  a  true  patriot,  a  devoted  Division.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  assistant 
husband  and  a  sincere  friend.  He  was  married  general  superintendent  and  in  1890  general 
June  27,  1911,  to  Emma  Ottilie,  daughter  of  superintendent  of  the  New  York  Central  & 
Philip  C.  Decker,  a  banker  of  Evansville,  Ind.,  Hudson  River  Railroad.  Mr.  Voorhees  was  the 
and  died  without  issue  at  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.,  first  to  install  the  controlled  manual  block-signal 
Apr.  30,  1915.  system  on  the  main  line  from  New  York  City 
LORD,  Charles  Edward,  engineer  and  patent  to  Buffalo.  During  1891-93  he  served  also  as 
attorney,  was  born  at  Somerville,  Mass.,  Oct.  31,  general  superintendent  over  the  Rome,  Water- 
1875,  son  of  Israel  P.  and  Catherine  (Fee)  Lord,  town  &  Ogdensburg  road.  In  the  latter  year 
His  father  served  in  the  Federal  navy  during  the  he  was  elected  first  vice-president  of  the 
civil  war.  Charles  E.  Lord  was  educated  in  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  which  office 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


117 


he  held  until  Apr.  8,  1914,  when,  after  the 
death  of  George  F.  Baer,  lie  was  choseu  to 
succeed  him  as  president  of  the  road,  being  re- 
elected  on  Apr.  13,  1914.  Up  to  this  time  Mr. 
Vonrhees  had  been  president  of  several  smaller 
railroads  connected  with  the  Reading,  including 
the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  &  New  York;  Phila- 
delphia &  Reading  Terminal;  Philadelphia  & 
Chester  Valley;  Philadelphia,  Harrisburg  & 
Pittsburgh;  Tamaqua,  Hazleton  &  Northern; 
Reading,  Marietta  &  Hanover;  Dauphin  & 
Berks;  Philadelphia  &  Frankford,  and  the 
Schuylkill  &  Lehigh  Railroads.  All  of  these 
offices  he  resigned  in  order  to  better  fulfill  his 
duties  as  chief  executive  of  one  of  the  finest 
roads  in  the  country.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  director  of  the  Market  Street  National 
Bank,  and  of  several  subsidiary  roads  of  the 
Reading;  was  a  trustee  of  Rensselaer  Poly- 
technic Institute,  and  had  been  for  many  years 
a  vestryman  of  St.  Luke's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Holland  Society  of  New  York,  the  St. 
Nicholas  Society,  the  American  Railway  Asso- 
ciation (vice-president  1904),  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers,  Century  Club,  New  York;  Phil- 
adelphia, Automobile,  Racquet  and  Huntingdon 
Valley  Country  clubs,  Philadelphia.  He  was 
twice  married:  (1)  Sept.  19,  1S71,  to  Sarah  V., 
daughter  of  Judge  George  Gould  of  Troy,  N.  Y. 
She  died  in  1872  and  he  was  married  (2) 
Feb.  4,  1874,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Harlow 
Chittenden,  general  superintendent  of  the  New 
York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.  Their  children  were:  Harlow  Chit- 
tendeu;  Henry  Belin;  Gerald;  Margaret  Sin- 
clair, wife  of  Charles  Randolph  Wood;  Pho?be 
Schermerhorn,  wife  of  W.  Heyward  Drayton,  3d; 
Helen  Chittenden,  wife  of  Francois  de  St.  Phalle ; 
Theodore  Coert  and  Herman  Moucrieff  Yoorhees. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Mar.  11,  1916. 

DANFORTH,  James  Romeyn,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Aug.  8,  1839,  son 
of  Edward  J.  and  Caroline  (Romeyn)  Danforth. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Nich- 
olas Danforth,  who  came  from  Framingham,  Eng- 
land, in  1634,  and  settled  in  Cambridge,  Mass.; 
from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Samuel;  his  son  Samuel;  his  son  Thomas; 
his  son  Thomas,  to  his  son  Edward,  the  grandfather 
of  James  Romeyn  Danforth.  The  father  of  the 
subject  was  long  connected  with  the  Ameri- 
can Bank  Note  Co.,  of  New  York  city.  The 
son  was  educated  in  private  schools  in  Jersey 
City  and  in  Connecticut.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  enlisted  in  a  regiment  of  N.  Y.  Vol. 
Inf.,  and  became  sergeant.  Impaired  health  neces- 
sitated his  resignation,  and  he  spent  three  years 
on  his  brother  's  farm  in  Wisconsin.  He  then  en- 
tered Beloit  (Wis.)  College,  and  was  graduated 
at  Chicago  Theological  Seminary  in  1867.  Be- 
loit gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  His  first  pas- 
torate was  at  Woodstock,  111.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained and  installed  at  the  beginning  of  1868. 
Illness  sent  him  abroad,  and  with  Mrs.  Danforth 
he  spent  three  years  in  travel  and  study  in  Europe, 
Palestine  and  Egypt.  Returning  to  America  he 
filled  the  pulpit  of  the  Congregational  Church, 
Lynn,  Mass.,  for  a  few  months,  during  the  ab- 
sence of  the  pastor,  and  then  was  called  to  New- 
tonville,  Mass.,  where  he  served  until  called  to 
Central  Congregational  Church,  Philadelphia,  in 
1S74.  He  succeeded  in  lifting  a  heavy  debt;  re- 
modeled the  church,  and  as  a  result  of  his  per- 
sonal influence  installed  a  $10,000  organ.  He 


has  been  called  the  father  of  interdenominational 
evangelism  in  Philadelphia,  for  through  his  ef- 
forts ten  neighboring  churches  of  seven  different 
denominations  banded  together  for  evangelistic 
work,  a  pioneer  undertaking  in  this  regard.  For 
five  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  American  Missionary  Association. 
Owing  to  his  health  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his 
ministry  in  1888,  and  went  to  England.  In  1890, 
upon  the  recommendation  of  James  G.  Elaine 
(q.v.)  to  Pres.  Harrison,  he  was  appointed  U.  S. 
consul  at  Liege,  Belgium,  resigning  a  few  years 
later  to  become  head  of  the  mail  order  depart 
m?nt  of  Wauamaker  &  Brown,  Philadelphia. 
While  here  he  also  assumed  charge  of  the  Walton- 
Wellesley  School  for  Girls,  a  college  preparatory 
institution.  His  heart  still  led  h;m  to  the  minis- 
try, however,  and  after  preaching  for  a  time  in 
the  Walnut  Hills  Church,  Cincinnati,  he  accepted 
a  call  to  Westfield,  N.  J.,  where  he  remained  for 
nine  years  as  pastor  and  pastor  emeritus.  In 
1907,  he  was  called  to  the  church  at  Groton,  Conn. 
As  a  result  of  a  fall,  in  1914,  he  suffered  con- 
cussion of  the  brain,  from  which  he  never  fully 
recovered.  Greater  even  to  him  than  the  suffer- 
ing was  his  disappointment  at  having  to  give  up 
his  loved  work  of  the  ministry.  Some  of  his  ser- 
mons are  published  in  early  volumes  of  the  Mon- 
day Club  of  Boston,  of  which  he  was  a  charter 
member.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Browning 
Club,  Philadelphia.  His  story  is  wiitten  in  the 
hearts  and  lives  of  thousands  of  men,  women  and 
children  whom  he  inspired  to  noble  living  by  his 
words  and  his  own  nobility  of  character  in  all 
the  communities  where  he  lived.  He  drew  the 
hearts  of  men  with  a  singular  fascination,  and 
exemplified  in  his  own  life  the  shining  ideals  of 
his  Master.  He  had  sparkling  wit  and  humor 
which  made  him  the  life  of  any  gathering,  and 
he  habitually  kept  himself  informed  in  current 
history  and  world  movements.  After  his  death 
Central  Church,  Philadelphia,  unveiled  a  tablet 
in  his  memory.  He  was  married  in  Chicago,  111., 
July  5,  1867,  to  Alice,  daughter  of  Prof.  Joseph 
Haven,  D.D.,  president  of  Chicago  Theological 
Seminary;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children: 
Rev.  J.  Romeyn,  New  London;  Rev.  Ralph  E., 
East  Jaffrey,  N.  H.,  and  Mary  Danforth.  Dr. 
Danforth  died  at  his  summer  home  on  Squirrel 
Island,  Me.,  Sept,  8,  1915. 

HOWE,  John  Kasson,  manufacturer  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  July  10, 
1850,  son  of  James  H.  and  Honor  M.  (Kasson) 
Howe.  His  father  was  a  hardware  and  iron  mer- 
chant. John  K.  Howe  was  graduated  at  Yale  LTni- 
versity  in  1871  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  In  that 
year  he  began  his  business  career  at  Troy.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Howe  &  Co.,  con- 
tinuing in  that  capacity  until  1883.  In  1883  he 
was  made  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  the  Osgood 
Dredge  Co.,  manufacturers  of  dredges  and  excava- 
tors, and  later  managed  the  business  entirely.  In 
1911  the  Osgood  Dredge  Co.  was  consolidated  with 
the  Marion  Shovel  &  Dredge  Co.,  of  Marion,  O., 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Howe  was  con- 
sulting engineer  for  that  company.  He  was  con- 
nected with  various  other  industrial  and  financial 
undertakings,  and  for  years  was  a  director  in  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Albany.  He  was  prom- 
inent in  benevolent  and  philanthropic  activities. 
From  1904  he  was  a  trustee  in  the  Albany  Orphan 
Asylum,  of  which  institution  he  became  president 
in  1913.  As  a  young  man  he  served  several  years 
in  the  New  York  state  national  guard.  He  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Second 


118 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Presbyterian  Church,  Albany,  from  1903  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  past  president  ( 1904- 
08)  of  the  Yale  Alumni  Association  of  North- 
eastern New  York,  and  a  charter  member  of  the 
Yale  Publishing  Association;  founder  and  past 
president  (1902-05)  of  the  University  Club,  Al- 
bany; charter  member  of  the  University  Club,  New 
York  city;  a  member  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of 
Eastern  New  York;  Fort  Orange  Club,  of  Albany; 
and  the  Graduates'  Club,  New  Haven.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Alumni  advisory  board  of  Yale 
University  since  its  organization  in  1906.  He  was 
a  Eepublican.  He  did  not  care  for  publicity.  He 
gave  to  all  enterprises  and  undertakings,  with 
which  he  was  connected,  conscientious,  enthusiastic, 
intelligent  support  and  devotion.  He  was  married 
in  New  York  city,  Dec.  7,  1SS1,  to  Annie  E., 
daughter  of  J.  G.  Holland,  author  and  editor;  she 
survives  him  with  one  child:  Alison  Howe.  Mr 
Howe  died  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  4,  1917. 

SCRIBER,  William  Edward,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  June  28,  1859, 
son  of  George  W.  and  Ellen  Harper  (Seamans) 
Scriber,  and  grandson  of  Jacobus  and  Eachel 
(Williams)  Scriber.  His  father,  who  was  a  native 
of  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  became  a  Michigan  pioneer  in 
1857,  managing  a  hotel  at  Sturgis,  and  subse- 
quently residing  successively  in  Detroit,  ami  at 
Petersburg  and  Blissfield,  Mich.,  where  he  was 
hotel  proprietor  and  merchant.  William  E.  Scriber 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Petersburg  and  Blissfield,  Mich.,  and 
Toledo,  O.,  alternating  his  periods  of  study  with 
various  employments.  In  1874  he  became  a  drug 
clerk  at  Ogden  Center,  Mich.,  and  two  years  later 
began  the  study  of  medicine  at  Blissfield  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Drs.  Dayton  Parker  and  Hal 
C.  Wyman,  being  graduated  at  Detroit  College  of 
Medicine  in  1879  with  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  at 
the  Michigan  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  in 
1883.  During  1891-92  he  took  post-graduate 
courses  in  the  best  colleges  and  hospitals  of  Ger- 
many, including  the  universities  of  Berlin  and 
Heidelberg.  Meanwhile,  he  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Riga,  Mich.,  in  1879,  remov- 
ing to  Ogden  Center  four  months  later.  In  1886 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  preceptor,  Dr. 
Dayton  Parker,  at  Blissfield.  Both  removed  to 
Detroit  in  ]887,  and  there  he  took  up  the  practice 
left  by  the  death  of  one  of  the  most  prominent 
medical  men  of  that  city,  and  also  became  asso- 
ciated with  Dr.  Parker 's  department  at  the  Michi- 
gan College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
Southern  Michigan  Medical  Society,  Detroit  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine,  and  various  other  professional, 
patriotic,  historical  and  social  organizations.  His 
thorough  knowledge  of  various  branches  of  medi- 
cine, coupled  with  his  grasp  of  pathology,  made 
him  unexcelled  as  a  surgical  diagnostician,  while 
the  carefulness  of  his  technique  is  attested  by  the 
excellence  of  his  results.  Of  untiring  energy  and 
possessed  of  indomitable  will,  with  an  open  and 
receptive  mind,  and  a  capacity  for  study  that 
seemed  to  know  no  bounds,  he  was  an  inspiring 
model  for  younger  men.  He  was  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  proceedings  of  the  several  societies 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  and  his  writings  were 
always  characterized  by  ability,  individuality  and 
careful  preparation.  He  was  known  and  respected 
for  his  great  goodness,  his  high  code  of  ethics  and 
his  wide  charity.  He  was  married,  July  29,  1883, 
to  Pearliette  A.,  daughter  of  George  P.  Robinson, 
a  farmer  of  Ogden  Township,  Lenawee  CO.,  Mich. : 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Harry,  Lynn 


and  Claude  Scriber.  He  died  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
Dec.  3,  1915. 

KIMBALL,  Caleb  A.,  manufacturer  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Ipswich,  Mass.,  Feb.  13,  1829, 
son  of  Philip  and  Susan  (Stanley)  Kimball,  and 
at  the  age  of  three  removed  with  them  to  Yar- 
mouth, Me.  His  father  was  a  manufacturer  of 
furniture  and  lumber.  Caleb  A.  Kimball  received 
his  education  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools 
and  at  Yarmouth  Academy.  Until  he  attained  his 
majority  he  was  associated  in  business  with  his 
father  in  the  Pine  Tree  state.  He  then  removed 
to  South  Bend,  Ind.,  where  for  seven  years  he  was 
engaged  in  the  cutting  of  veneer.  At  that  time 
there  was  a  heavy  growth  of  walnut  timber  in  St. 
Joseph  county.  His  mill  was  situated  on  the  west 
race  near  the  foot  of  what  is  now  Washington 
avenue.  The  logs  were  unloaded  at  the  top  of  the 
bluff  and  rolled  down  as  needed.  After  six  years 
he  relinquished  the  manufacture  of  lumber,  and 
during  the  ensuing  six  years  was  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits  on  his  farm  in  Propheston, 
111.  In  1S64  he  returned  to  South  Bend,  where 
he  entered  the  First  National  Bank  as  a  clerk, 
being  promoted  to  bookkeeper,  then  assistant  cash- 
ier, and  in  1871  was  appointed  cashier,  a  post  which 
he  occupied  for  forty-five  years.  In  1910  he  be- 
came vice-president  and  in  1915  was  elected  presi- 
dent, which  position  he  occupied  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  Regularity  was  perhaps  his  most  marked 
characteristic.  It  accented  his  business  and  social 
habits.  Gentleness,  kindness  of  heart,  patience 
amounting  almost  to  a  fault,  and  a  tolerauce  and 
sympathy  which  were  never  failing,  were  attri- 
butes which  he  embodied  in  remarkable  degree. 
These,  coupled  with  his  unbounded  good  humor 
and  cordiality,  won  for  him  many  warm  and  last- 
ing friendships.  He  found  time  to  give  generous 
svpport  and  hard  work  to  innumerable  good  causes, 
and  he  participated  in  many  reform  movements 
for  the  better  government  of  the  city.  His  life 
was  an  admirable  example  to  every  citizen.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Commercial-Athletic  Club. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  was  married  Nov.  19,  1S56,  to  Marcia 
L.,  daughter  of  Oren  Wyllys,  a  farmer,  of  Laporte 
county,  Ind;  she  died  in  1913.  There  is  one  sur- 
viving child:  Willis  L.  Kimball,  of  Mishawaka, 
Ind.,  at  whose  home  Mr.  Kimball  died  May  6,  1916. 

GREEN,  Thomas,  merchant,  was  born  in  Car- 
ronary,  County  Cavan,  Ire.,  May  27,  1S37,  son  of 
John  and  Anne  (Reilly)  Green.  He  was  educated 
in  the  national  schools  of  his  native  country  and 
by  private  tutors.  He  came  to  America  in  1854, 
settling  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  became  a 
clerk  in  the  employ  of  Edward  Friel  &  Sons,  whole- 
sale grocers.  Two  years  later  he  opened  a  grocery 
store  at  Westport  Landing,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Kaw  river,  Mo.,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  pioneer 
merchants  of  the  embryo  Kansas  City.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  2nd  lieutenant  of  companv 
C,  77th  Mo.  militia.  In  1860  he  entered  the 
wholesale  field,  forming  a  partnership  with  Adam 
and  John  Long,  under  the  firm  style  of  Green  & 
Long.  Eleven  years  thereafter  the  partnership  was 
dissolved,  the  Long  brothers  establishing  a  store, 
and  the  subject,  in  association  with  his  brother, 
James  Green,  establishing  another  under  the  firm 
name  of  the  T.  Green  Grocery  Co.  lie  retired  from 
active  business  cares  in  1891,  and  devoted  his  time 
to  his  real  estate  investments,  which  have  since 
proved  that  his  faith  in  the  future  of  Kansas 
City  was  justified.  His  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He 


JOHN  K.  HOWE 
MANUFACTURER 


WILLIAM  E.  SCRIBER 

PHYSICIAN 


CALEB  A.  KIMBALL 
BANKER 


THOMAS  GREEX 
MERCHANT 


WILBUR  S.  RAYMOND 
MERCHANT 


LEWIS  R.  ARMSTRONG 

LUMBERMAN 


FELIX  T.  MURPHY 
LAWYER 


CLARENCE  A.  COTTON 
COMMERCIAL  SECRETARY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


found  his  chief  recreation  in  extensive  travel 
abroad.  In  all  matters  relative  to  the  welfare  of 
Kansas  City  he  constantly  manifested  a  deep  and 
sincere  interest;  no  good  work  done  in  the  name  of 
charity  or  religion  appealed  to  him  in  vain,  and 
in  his  ministrations  of  this  character  he  brought 
to  bear  the  same  discrimination  and  thoroughness 
that  were  manifest  in  his  business  life.  No  one 
could  meet  him  without  having  the  highest  appre- 
ciation for  his  sterling  qualities  of  manhood. 
Self-reliant,  buoyant  in  disposition,  strictly  upright 
in  all  his  transactions,  he  compelled  the  unques- 
tioning confidence  of  men  of  affairs  and  won  and 
held  the  devoted  attachment  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends,  and  he  was  noted  for  his  devotion  to  his 
family.  He  was  married  in  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Nov.  26,  18fi2,  to  Bridget  Mary,  daughter  of  John 
Smith,  a  farmer  of  Chapel  Hill,  Mo.,  and  niece  of 
Rev.  Bernard  Donnelly,  the  first  resident  priest 
of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  She  died  in  1901.  There  are 
seven  surviving  children:  Thomas  B.,  James  M., 
Francis  W.,  Rose,  wife  of  George  William  Clinton, 
Independence,  Mo.;  Elizabeth  A.,  Ellen  Josephine 
and  Christine  Green.  He  died  in  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Dec.  6,  1916. 

RAYMOND,  Wilbur  Samuel,  merchant  and 
realty  operator  was  bom  at  Lockport,  X.  Y.,  Feb. 
10,  1852,  sou  of  Aug.  E.  and  Rhoda  (Judd)  Ray- 
mond. His  father  was  a  merchant.  Wilbur  Samuel 
Raymond  was  a  nephew  of  Orange  Judd,  publisher 
and  journalist  of  New  York.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Loekport  and  was  graduated  from  the  law  de- 
partment of  Wesleyau  University  with  the  degree 
of  L.L.B.,  in  1875.  He  began  his  business  career 
in  Denver,  Col.,  where  in  1888  he  became  inter- 
ested in  real  estate  and  for  many  years  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  realty  firm  of  Porter,  Raymond  &  Co. 
For  years  he  had  been,  associated  with  John 
S.  Stahl  and  Frank  J.  Campbell  in  the  hardware 
business,  under  the  firm  name  of  Campbell,  Stahl 
&  Raymond,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  had 
been  a  member  of  the  Raymond-Whittenberger 
Hardware  Co.  of  Independence,  Colo.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  '  •>  travel,  and  with  Mrs.  Ray- 
mond he  twice  toured  the  world.  Throughout  his 
business  career  capable  management,  unfaltering 
enterprise,  and  a  spirit  of  justice  were  well  bal- 
anced factors.  He  had  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty, 
and  was  active  in  behalf  of  every  movement  look- 
ing toward  the  growth,  progress  and  prosperity  of 
his  adopted  city.  Personally  he  held  the  devoted 
attachment  of  a  large  circle  of  friends,  and  was  a 
man  of  high  intellectual  attainments.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Loekport,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  29,  1878,  to  Carrie, 
daughter  of  Luther  Sears  Hall;  she  survived  him 
with  one  child:  Claudius  Raymond.  He  died  in 
Denver,  Colo..  Aug.  2,  1914. 

ARMSTRONG,  Lewis  Robert,  manufacturing 
lumberman,  was  born  at  Aberdeen,  Miss.,  Dec.  31, 
IM;O,  son  of  Thomas  Templeton  and  Martha  Wash- 
ington (Pollard)  Armstrong.  His  father,  a  physi- 
cian, removed  with  his  family  to  St.  Louis  in  1866, 
but  two  years  later  returned  to  Mississippi  and 
settled  at  Verona,  Lee  co.  The  son  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  fourteen 
years  of  age  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  .John 
Armstrong  &  Co.,  druggists,  of  Verona.  In  1876 
he  went  to  Okolona,  Miss.,  where  he  became  book- 
keeper for  Darden  Bros.,  and  during  1879-83  was 
general  bookkeeper  for  R.  B.  Clark  &•  Co.,  Shan- 
non, Miss.  In  the  latter  year  he  went  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  was  employed  by  the  Allen-West  Com- 
inission  Co.,  cotton  merchants,  continuing  eleven 
rears  with  that  house.  In  1894  he  formed  an  as- 


snri.-ition  with  the  T.  J.  Moss  Tin  Co.,  of  which  In; 
became  secretary  and  treasurer  in  1905;  was  elect- 
ed vice-president  and  treasurer  in  1906,  and  to 
the*<>  duties  were  subsequently  added  those  of  gen- 
eral manager,  he  remaining  in  that  capacity  until 
his  death.  He  was  a  dominant  factor  in  the 
affairs  of  the  company,  manufacturers  and  dealers 
in  railroad  ties  and  other  railroad  material.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Christian  (Camp- 
bellite)  church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
fishing.  His  capacity  for  work  was  considered 
phenomenal;  he  was  a  man  of  lofty  ideals;  was 
loyal  in  every  relation  of  life,  to  his  business,  his 
family,  his  church,  his  adopted  city,  and  that 
loyalty  never  wavered.  He  read  extensively  on 
current  events,  and  thought  of  and  discussed  them 
with  clearness.  He  was  married  Jan.  7,  1892,  to 
Lillian  Homer,  daughter  of  Patton  R.  Guy,  mer- 
chant of  Moberly,  Mo.;  she  survives  him,  with 
one  child :  Martha  Guy  Armstrong.  He  died  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  15,"  1915. 

MURPHY,  Felix  Tone,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30, 1857,  son  of  Charles  Jo- 
seph and  Catharine  (Tone)  Murphy,  and  grandson 
of  John  Murphy,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
England  and  settled  in  New  York  City  in  1834. 
lli~  father  is  a  retired  foreign  commissioner 
of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Department, 
and  is  the  youngest  surviving  veteran  of  the 
Mexican  war.  The  son  was  educated  at  Rock 
Hill  College,  Maryland,  and  Manhattan  College, 
New  York  City,  where  he  was  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1S74,  receiving  the  degree 
of  A.M.  four  years  later.  Subsequently  he  pur- 
sued a  course  in  law  at  Columbia  University, 
and  was  graduated  an  LL.B.  in  1S77.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  where 
he  soon  attained  a  prominent  place  among  its 
members.  In  1SS7  he  went  to  England  and 
formed  an  important  syndicate,  placing  on  the 
London  market  the  first  American  Brewing  Co. 
stock  ever  sold  in  England,  and  also  placing  the 
securities  of  other  American  industries.  He  was 
also  associated  with  his  father  in  the  corn  prop- 
aganda and  the  introduction  of  California  wines, 
fruits  and  Indian  corn  in  Europe.  In  1894  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Hon.  John  J.  De- 
lany,  continuing  thus  for  six  years.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  a  Democrat  and  was  an  ardent 
ailherent  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He 
was  a  member  of  Manhattan  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion. Mr  Murphy  traveled  extensively  both  in 
this  country  and  abroad  and  was  particularly 
fond  of  the  various  sports.  He  was  an  elo- 
quent speaker  and  was  a  lover  of  music.  A 
man  of  high  ideals,  he  possessed  a  genial,  com- 
panionable and  lovable  disposition,  which  won 
the  esteem  ami  affection  of  all  his  acquaint- 
ances. He  was  married  in  New  York  City  in 
1895  to  Emma  Regina,  daughter  of  Cornelius 
Cronin,  a  merchant  and  veteran  of  the  war  of 
1812.  They  had  one  child,  Felix  Tone  Murphy. 
Jr..  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Murphy  died  in 
New  York  City  June  10,  1900. 

COTTON,  Clarence  Arthur,  general  secretary 
of  the  Providence  Chamber  of  Commerce,  was 
bcrn  at  Clinton,  Mich.,  Aug.  20,  IStiii,  son  of 
Arthur  Baxter  and  Alice  Augusta  (Snow)  Cotton, 
and  a  descendant  of  Rev.  John  Cotton,  teacher  at 
the  First  Meeting  House  in  Boston,  Mass.,  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Boston  in  Lincolnshire, 
England,  Sept.  4,  1633;  from  him  the  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Seaborn  Cotton  and  his 
wife  Dorothy  Bradstreet;  their  son  John  and  liis 


120 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


wife  Annie  Lake;  their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife 
Murtha  Williams;  their  sou  Thomas  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Holbrook;  their  son  Melviu  and  his  wife 
Joanna  Denis,  and  their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife 
Lliza  Young,  wl.o  were  the  grandparents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  Thomas  Cotton  (4)  was  a 
soldier  of  the  revolutionary  war,  as  was  his  son 
Melvin  Cotton.  Clarence  A.  Cotton  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Tecumseh  and  Bay  City,  Mich., 
and  began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  the  law 
office  of  Holmes  &  Collins  in  Bay  City,  and  after- 
ward secured  a  more  remunerative  law  clerkship 
in  the  office  of  T.  A.  E.  and  J.  C.  Weadoek.  In 
1SS8  he  became  identified  with  the  newspaper  busi- 
ness, and  after  very  little  experience  as  a  ''cub 
reporter ' '  for  the  ' '  Bay  City  Tribune ' '  and  the 
"  Bay  City  Press,"  he  became  a  reporter  on  the 
"Grand  Rapids  Democrat."  Subsequently,  he  ac- 
cepted a  similar  position  on  the  "Grand  Rapids 
Telegram-Herald."  His  newspaper  career  was  in- 
terrupted by  a  two-year  term  as  deputy  county 
Herk,  and  in  April,  1894,  he  became  connected 
with  the  "Detroit  Evening  News"  after  a  year's 
experience  with  which  he  transferred  his  services 
to  the  "Detroit  Journal,"  where  he  occupied  a 
very  important  position  on  the  local  staff  and  also 
as  a  writer  and  correspondent  for  outside  publica- 
tions until  July,  1000,  when  he  became  secretary 
to  William  C.  Maybury.  mayor  of  Detroit.  In 
1901  Mr.  Cotton  was  one  of  those  functionaries 
most  active  in  arranging  for  the  Bi-C?ntenary  cele- 
bration of  the  founding  of  Detroit,  which  event 
was  officially  recognized  in  several  ways  by  tlie 
French  Government.  In  1905,  he  accepted  the  exec- 
utive secretaryship  of  the  Chicago  Commercial 
Association,  which,  under  his  management,  became 
the  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce,  one  of  the 
greatest  organizations  in  the  world,  the  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  of  which  were  written  by  Mr. 
Cotton.  For  two  years  thereafter  he  took  charge 
of  the  affairs  of  his  father,  and  in  1909  he  became 
secretary  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Board  of  Trade. 
That  same  year  he  was  elected  secretary-treasurer 
of  the  National  Association  of  Commercial  Exec- 
utives, the  name  of  which  was  later  chaugeil  to  the 
American  Association  of  Commercial  Executives, 
of  which  he  was  unanimously  chosen  president. 
"Capitalize  Your  Ideals"  was  the  subject  of  an 
address  which  he  delivered  before  many  commer- 
cial organizations  throughout  the  United  States. 
The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States 
of  America  had  its  inception  at  the  sixth  annual 
meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  Commer- 
cial Executives,  over  which  Mr.  Cotton  presided 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1911;  he  has  been  a  delegate 
to  every  meeting  of  the  National  Chamber  since 
its  organization,  save  one.  In  ]91]  he  became 
secretary  of  the  Dubuque  Industrial  Corporation, 
but  later  associated  himself  in  railroad  promotion 
with  Hiram  J.  Slifer.  In  191:!  he  removed  to 
Providence  and  reorganized  the  old  Board  of 
Trade  into  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  now  (1918) 
one  of  the  most  successful  commercial  organiza- 
tions in  America,  of  which  he  is  general  secretary, 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  and  of  the  exec- 
utive committee.  Mr.  Cotton  is  president  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Association  of  Ccimmercial  Exec- 
utives, .ind  is  president  of  the  New  England 
Association  of  Commercial  Kxecutives.  He  organ- 
ized and  is  secretary  of  the  Metropolitan  Terminal 
Development  Commission  of  Providence,  and  is 
vice-president  of  the  Rhode  Island  branch  of  the 
League  to  Enforce  Peace.  Mr.  Cotton  is  interested 
in  music  and  has  been  at  various  times  solo  bass 
in  various  singing  organizations  and  in  some  of 


the  leading  churches  of  Grand  Rapids,  Detroit,  and 
Chicago.  He  was  secretary  of  the  great  Art  Loan 
in  Detroit  in  1S9;">  and  was  appointed  member  of 
the  Fire  Relief  Commission  of  Michigan  by  Gov. 
Chase  S.  Osboru  in  1911.  His  clubs  are:  "Turks 
Head,  Churchmen's,  Old  Colony  ami  Silver  Spring 
Country;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  was  named  a  delegate  to 
two  of  its  national  conventions.  In  religion 
he  is  a  communicant  of  St.  Stephen's  Episcopal 
Church.  His  favorite  recreation  is  golf,  and  his 
dominating  characteristic  is  aggressive  ability  as 
an  organizer.  He  was  married  July  23,  1892,  to 
Annie  Belle,  daughter  of  Arthur  B.  Wykes,  of 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and  their  children  are  Mar- 
jorie  Wykes,  wife  of  Seward  Groves  Byam,  an 
expert  chemist,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  ami  John 
Fielder  Cotton. 

CLAUSEN,  George  Caspar,  merchant  Bnd 
capitalist,  was  born  in  New  York  city.  Mar.  31, 
1*49,  son  of  Henry  and  Caroline  (Ulmer)  Clausen. 
His  father  was  the  founder  of  the  firm  of  Henry 
n.-iiisen  &  Sons,  manufacturers,  of  which  George  C. 
was  a  member  for  a  short  time,  in  association  with 
an  oliler  brother,  Henry  Clausen.  He  received 
a  thorough  classical  education  in  private  schools  in 
New  York.  He  attended  the  Military  Academy  of 
Maryland  for  two  years  and  finished  his  education 
in  the  universities  of  Germany.  He  began  his 
business  career  in  an  insurance  office,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  deatli  was  a  leading  member  of  the  firm 
of  Clausen,  Bayley  &  Kearney,  surety  and  insurance 
brokers.  He  was  also  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Sicilian  Asphalt  Co.  of  New 
York,  and  president  of  the  Peerless  Coal  &  Coke 
Co.  of  West  Virginia.  Mr.  Clausen  was  formerly 
prominent  in  the  political  affairs  of  the  city, 
having  been  appointed  tax  commissioner  by  Mayor 
Gilroy  in  189.'i.  Four  mouths  later  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  office  of  commissioner  of  the  de- 
partment of  parks  and  conducted  the  office  so  sat- 
isfactorily that  he  was  continued  under  the  ad- 
ministrations of  Mayors  Grant  ami  Van  Wyek. 
He  it  was  who  started  the  modernizing  of  mounted 
men  in  the  New  York  police  department.  He  Was 
for  years  a  fancier  of  horses  and  was  one  of  the 
first  in  this  country  to  drive  a  four-in-hand.  He 
was  of  the  earlier  day  type  of  sportsman,  be- 
coming interested  in  the  chase  when  a  youth, 
travelling  in  England  and  Germany.  He  was 
president  of  the  New  York  Riding  Club ;  an  as- 
sociate member  of  the  National  Horse  Show  As- 
sociation of  America,  and  a  member  of  the  Man- 
hattan, New  York  Athletic,  Hardware,  Apawamis, 
Golf  and  Oakland  Golf,  the  Ardsley  and  Manursing 
Island  clubs,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Metropoli- 
tan Museum  of  Art  and  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  Mr.  Clausen  was  a  man  of  scrupulous 
principles;  was  possessed  of  a  keen  sense  of  jus- 
tice, and  was  a  virile  fighter  in  defense  of  what 
he  considered  right  ami  in  the  correction  of 
wrongs.  He  was  married,  Jan.  20,  1876,  to  Sophie, 
daughter  of  D.  G.  Yungling,  of  Pottsville,  Pa., 
by  whom  he  is  survived  with  two  children:  Edgar 
and  Marion,  wife  of  Witherbee  Black,  of  New 
York.  He  died  at  his  country  home  in  Port- 
chester,  N.  Y.,  May  24,  1917. 

DOBSON,  John,  manufacturer  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  in  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  Oct.  9,  1S27, 
son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Snowden)  Dobson. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  country;  came  to  America  prior  to  attaining 
his  majority,  settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  a 
year  later  began  the  manufacture  of  worsted  yarn. 
From  the  manufacture  of  textile  material  lie  gradu-. 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


121 


ally  extended  his  business  to  include  the  making  of 
various  woven  fabrics.  His  first  important  success 
in  textiles  was  that  of  blanket  making  during  the 
civil  war,  when  the  national  government  gave  him 
large  contracts  for  immediate  use.  Meanwhile,  his 
brother  .lames  had  arrived  in  America,  and  after 
the  war  the  firm  of  John  &  James  Dobson  was 
organized,  and  soon  attained  international  im- 
portance. Their  operations  in  textile  manufacture 
and  in  the  products  of  mill  supplies  of  all  kinds 
placed  them  at  the  very  pinnacle  of  the  industry  in 
America,  and  soon  developed  a  trade  to  be  coveted 
from  every  producing  center  in  the  world.  Some- 
what prior  to  1S72  John  &  James  Dobson  had  gone 
into  the  manufacture  of  carpets,  and  in  the  latter 
year  had  introduced  in  their  mills,  the  first  im- 
portant power  looms  to  operate  tapestry,  velvet  and 
other  pile  carpets.  The  first  output  of  the  Dobson 
Mills  in  tapestries  was  shown  in  the  year  1876,  and 
soon  found  a  market  all  over  the  world.  The  firm 
was  among  the  first  to  produce  mohair  plush  for 
upholstery  purposes  in  this  country.  A  great 
variety  of  rare  and  expensive  carpet  weavers  were 
trained  under  their  roofs,  and  the  name  of  Dobson 
became  familiar  to  every  carpet  store  of  note  in 
the  I'nited  States.  During  all  this  time  the  Dob- 
son  business  was  growing  on  other  lines.  Carpets 
were  largely  exceeded  in  yardage  and  value  by  other 
Dobson  textiles  such  as  silks,  -civets,  plushes, 
blankets,  yarns  and  dry  goods,  the  first  plush  being 
placed  on  the  market  in  1882.  The  firm  enjoyed 
the  reputation  of  being  the  largest  individual 
manufacturers  of  w?oolen  textiles  in  the  world,  and 
at  the  death  of  John  Dobson  employed  in  the 
various  departments  of  their  mills  11,000  work- 
people. Their  products  of  carpets  include  Wiltons, 
Brussels,  Velvets  and  Tapestries.  John  Dobson 
was  rigorous  and  indomitable  even  at  the  age  of 
eighty-five.  He  was  a  quiet,  determined,  clear- 
headed man  who  said  little  while  planning  big 
tilings  which  he  never  failed  to  carry  into  execu- 
tion. His  courage  and  his  strategy  was  Napoleonic 
in  kind,  and  his  love  of  principle  was  exemplified 
during  the  civil  war,  at  which  time  he  raised  and 
commanded,  as  captain,  a  company  of  soldiers 
which  Became  Co.  I,  8th  Pa.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  which 
saw  service  in  1862  and  1S63,  when  Pennsylvania 
was  threatened  by  Lee.  While  he  was  at  the  front 
he  ordered  that  four  dollars  a  week  be  paid  to  the 
wives  of  each  of  the  one  hundred  men  in  his  com- 
pany. Capt.  Dobson  never  lost  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  nor  of 
any  of  his  old  comrades.  He  was  a  man  peculiarly 
attached  to  his  home  and  business,  and  probably 
had  but  one  hobby,  his  splendid  team  of  driving 
horses.  He  became  a  large  holder  of  real  estate  in 
Philadelphia  and  other  points.  He  gave  liberally 
to  numerous  charities  during  his  lifetime,  and 
among  the  institutions  remembered  in  his  will  is 
the  Episcopal  Hospital.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  St.  James  the  Less, 
Falls  of  Schuykill,  to  which  he  likewise  gave  much. 
He  was  married  in  1S54,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of 
JiiM'ph  Schofield,  of  Philadelphia;  she  died  in  1907. 
There  is  one  surviving  daughter,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Samuel  D.  Riddle,  of  Glen  Riddle,  Pa.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  27,  1911. 

TEEGO.  Alfred  Henry,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Wrightstown,  Pa.,  June  16,  1838,  son  of  Cur- 
tis I),  and  Mary  (Gilbert)  Trego.  The  first 
of  the  family  in  America  was  Peter  Trego,  a 
French  Huguenot,  who  migrated  to  England  lie- 
cause  of  persecution  after  the  revocation  of  the 
edict  of  Nantes,  and  in  1682  came  to  America 
with  William  Penn,  settling  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 


From  him  and  his  wife  Judith,  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Jacob  and  his  wife 
Mary  Cartledge;  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Hannah  Lester:  their  son  William  and  his  wife 
Rachel  Hibbs,  and  their  son  Jacob  and  his  wife 
Letitia  Smith,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  and  who  all  belonged  to 
the  Society  of  Friends,  or  Quakers.  In  1843  he 
went  with  his  parents  to  Mercer  county,  111., 
where  his  father  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
removing,  in  1S56,  to  Galesburg,  111.,  where  he 
established  a  grocery  store ;  during  the  civil  war 
he  purchased  horses  for  the  post  at  Gallatin,  Tenn. 
Alfred  H.  Trego  received  his  early  education  in 
the  district  schools  of  Mercer  county,  and  was 
graduated  at  Lombard  College,  Galesburg,  in. 
1862,  with  the  degree  of  A.M.  Immediately  after 
graduation  he  enlisted  in  company  <',  HILM  111. 
Inf.,  under  Col.  McMurtry.  He  participated  in 
the  campaign  when  Cincinnati  was  threatened, 
and  was  afterward  stationed  at  Gallatiu,  Tenn.,  as 
aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  E.  A.  Paine  holding  the  rank 
of  first,  lieutenant.  In  April,  1864,  he  joined  Sher- 
man's  forces  at  Chattanooga,  and  took  command 
of  his  company,  his  captain  being  on  detached 
duty.  He  served  through  the  Atlanta  campaign 
until  that  city  was  captured,  and  later  was  made 
assistant  adjutant  general  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Benjamin  Harrison,  who  commanded  the  1st  brig- 
ade of  the  3d  division  of  the  20th  army  corps, 
commanded  by  Gen.  Hooker.  He  acted  in  this 
capacity  throughout  Sherman 's  march  to  the  sea 
and  the  return  to  Washington  where,  in  June, 
1865,  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  service.  He 
then  returned  to  Galesburg,  but  soon  afterward 
went  to  Rock  Island,  111.,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  retail  grocery  business  with  his  father  for 
a  year,  and  later  was  employed  as  a  bookkeeper 
in  a  commission  house  in  Chicago.  In  1S67  he 
established  himself  in  the  produce  commission 
business,  which  was  lost  in  the  terrible  conflagra- 
tion that  swept  the  city  in  1871.  This  left  him 
almost  penniless,  but  he  soon  found  employment 
with  a  large  lumber  concern,  first  as  a  dock 
laborer,  and  afterward  as  shipping  clerk,  remain- 
ing until  1877,  when  he  went  to  Hoopeston  and 
established  a  lumber  yard.  Later  he  established 
yards  at  Wellington.  111.,  and  Ambia,  Ind.,  con- 
tinuing in  the  lumber  business  until  1888.  In  the 
meantime,  in  association  with  J.  S.  McFerreu  and 
A.  T.  Catherwood,  he  became  engaged  in  the  can- 
ning business  and  in  1886  established  the  Hoopers- 
ton  Canning  Co.,  acting  as  manager  of  its  affairs 
from  1890  until  about  a  year  prior  to  the  close 
of  his  life.  The  success  of  this  company  is  attri- 
buted largely  to  his  business  ability,  executive 
force  and  administrative  direction.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  in  1S94,  and  also  served  as 
president  of  the  Union  Can  Co.,  which  in 
1900  was  merged  into  the  American  Can  Co.  Mr. 
Trego  was  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Hoopeston,  and  was  president  of  the  Illinois 
Cuban  Land  Co.,  owning  20,000  acres  of  land 
near  Santiago,  Cuba.  Aside  from  his  business 
activities,  Mr.  Trego  exhibited  a  profound  interest 
in  civic  affairs.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican; 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  of  his 
district,  and  was  mayor  of  Hoopeston  at  the  time 
the  waterworks  system  was  inaugurated.  He  was 
also  president  for  many  years  of  the  Hoopeston 
Public  Library  Board,  and  a  trustee  of  Lombard 
and  Greer  colleges.  His  religious  affiliation  was 
with  the  Universalist  church ;  he  was  for  thirty- 
four  years  superintendent  of  its  Sunday  school, 
and  for  many  years  moderator  of  the  church 


122 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


board.  He  was  also  a  trustee  of  Ryder  Church 
Fund,  for  the  relief  of  superannuated  clergymen 
and  destitute  widows  of  the  Uuiversalist  denom- 
ination. Mr.  Trego  was  identified  iu  every  way 
with  Hoopeston  's  best  progress.  His  loyalty  and 
patriotism,  integrity  of  character,  tact  and  courtesy 
of  manner,  made  him  one  of  the  most  respected 
of  men.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  in  Chicago, 
111.,  Oct.  21,  1869,  to  Frances  C.,  daughter  of 
Horatio  Reed,  of  Fulton  county,  111.  Of  this 
marriage,  three  children  survive:  Edward  F., 
Walter,  and  Gilbert  C.  Trego.  Mrs.  Trego  died  in 
1897,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Nov.  8,  1900,  to 
Florence,  daughter  of  Alba  Honeywell,  of  Hoopes- 
ton. He  died  at  Hoopeston,  111.,  Oct.  9,  1915. 

NOBLE,  Lucy  (Seward),  author  and  lecturer, 
was  born  in  Fayetteville,  Onomlaga  CO.,  N.  Y., 
July  17,  1853,  daughter  of  Nathan  and  Harrietts 
(Collin)  Seward,  and  a  descendant  of  Lieut.  Will- 
iam Seward,  a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  who 
came  to  America  in  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth 
century  and  settled  first  in  New  Haven,  and  later 
in  Gui'lford,  Conn.  His  wife  was  Grace  Norton, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Caleb,  who  married  Lydia  Bush- 
nell;  their  son  Thomas,  who  married  Sarah  Camp; 
their  son  Amos,  who  married  Ruth  Rogers;  their 
son  Nathan,  who  married  Martha  Gridley;  their 
son  Timothy  Gridley,  who  married  Elizabeth  Dud- 
ley, and  was  the  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Noble.  She 
was  educated  in  the  public  school  of  her  native 
town  and  in  the  seminary  of  Utiea,  N.  Y.  After 
her  marriage  in  1873  she  lived  with  her  husband  in 
Lowell,  Vassar  and  Lexington,  Mich.,  and  after 
1884  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  she  became  actively 
identified  with  the  club  and  social  life  of  the  city. 
At  Lexington  she  organized  in  1878  the  first  wo- 
man 's  club,  which  became  not  only  the  social  center 
but  the  nucleus  from  which  sprang  nine  other  clubs 
and  a  public  library.  She  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  Twentieth  Century  Club  of  Detroit,  the 
Louisa  St.  Clair  chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  the  National  Society  of 
United  States  Daughters  of  1812  (first  vice-presi- 
dent 1916),  the  Society  of  Founders  and  Patriots 
of  America,  the  'Society  of  Arts  and  Archaeology, 
and  the  National  League  of  American  Penwomen. 
Mrs.  Noble  spent  many  years  in  Europe,  study- 
ing the  languages,  art  and  architecture,  and  haa 
twice  journeyed  around  the  world,  during  which 
time  she  made  a  careful  study  of  the  people  and 
the  institutions  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Japan, 
Korea,  Siam,  Java,  the  Holy  Land  and  India.  At 
Bombay  she  assisted  in  organizing  an  educational 
club  composed  of  men  and  women.  She  has  con- 
tributed many  articles  to  the  press  and  the  maga- 
zines on  her  travels  and  the  condition  of  the 
people  in  the  countries  she  visited,  and  she  has 
lectured  extensively  on  these  same  subjects.  Mrs. 
Noble  is  imbued  with  that  quality  of  sentimental- 
ism  which  revels  in  a  love  of  the  picturesque,  vistas 
of  romantic  scenery,  and  in  the  garb  and  surround- 
ings of  people  of  other  lands  made  familiar 
through  history,  but  still  alien  in  customs  and 
manners.  She  has  a  retentive  memory,  a  cheerful 
temperament,  and  a  graceful  ease  in  meeting 
strangers.  Generous  to  a  fault,  she  gives  freely 
of  her  best,  and  often  donates  the  entire  receipts 
of  her  entertainments  to  local  societies  and  organ- 
izations. She  married  May  21,  ]H73,  Bostwick 
Roberts  Noble,  a  successful  banker,  who  died  in 
1902,  leaving  two  children:  Anna  Seward,  wife  of 
Charles  Farwell  Lawson  of  Detroit,  and  Charles 
Noble. 

DU  CHARME,  Charles  Albert,  manufacturer 


and  capitalist,  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Sept. 
22,  1858,  son  of  Charles  and  Elsie  Elizabeth 
(Bartholomew)  Du  Charme,  and  a  descendant  of 
Pierre  Charron  Du  Charme,  a  native  of  St.  Mar- 
tin Eveche  de  Meaux,  France,  who  emigrated  to 
Canada  about  the  middle  of  the  17th  century; 
from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Francis  Charron  and  his  wife  Marguerite 
Piette  Trempe;  their  son  Joseph  Charron  and  his 
wife  Marie  Annie  Roseau ;  their  son  Joseph  Char- 
ron and  his  wife  Marie  Elizabeth  Parent,  to  their 
son  Dominique  Charron  and  his  wife  Julie  Piette 
Trempe,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Charles 
Albert  Du  Charme.  Charles  Du  Charme,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Berthier-En-Haut, 
Canada,  was  engaged  in  numerous  manufacturing 
enterprises  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  the  principal  busi- 
ness being  that  of  wholesale  hardware.  Charles 
Albert  Du  Charme  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Detroit ;  at  Patterson 's  private 
school,  that  city,  and  at  Michigan  Military  Acad- 
emy, Orchard  Lake.  Upon  leaving  the  latter  in- 
stitution he  spent  a  year  iu  travel  in  Europe. 
He  began  his  business  career  in  Detroit  in  1879 
as  a  clerk  in  the  service  of  the  Michigan  Stove 
Co. ;  was  elected  purchasing  agent  of  the  com- 
pany in  1882;  was  secretary  in  1887-1914;  second 
vice-president  in  1903-17,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  first  vice-president.  Aside  from  this  interest 
he  is  a  director  in  the  Union  Trust  Co.,  Peoples 
State  Bank,  Detroit  Fire  &  Marine  Insurance  Co., 
Ireland  &  Matthews  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  is 
associated  as  officer  or  stockholder  with  various 
commercial,  industrial  or  financial  concerns.  He 
was  an  organizer  and  former  secretary  of  the 
Michigan  chapter,  Society  of  Colonial  Wars;  is  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution 
and  of  the  following  clubs:  Yondotega,  Detroit, 
Wolverine  Automobile,  Detroit  Automobile,  Coun- 
try, Fellowcraft  and  Automobile  Country  clubs,  the 
Automobile  Club  of  Detroit  and  the  Detroit  Board 
of  Commerce,  also  the  Huron  Mountain  Club, 
Huron  Mountain,  Mich.  He  finds  his  chief  re- 
creations in  automobiling  and  photography.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  married,  June  S,  18S1,  to  Caroline  B., 
daughter  of  Elbridge  G.  Philbrick,  of  Detroit, 
Mich.;  they  have  two  children:  Charles  Bagley, 
vice-president  Michigan  Stove  Co.,  and  Harold  Du 
Charme. 

TAFT,  Daniel  Henry,  merchant  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  Columbus,  0.,  Mar.  23,  1S50, 
son  of  Daniel  Henry  and  Sarah  E.  (Conine)  Taft. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Rob- 
ert Taft,  who  came  from  England  late  in  the  17th 
century  and  settled  at  Uxbridge,  Mass.  Daniel 
H.  Taft  received  a  public  school  education,  and 
at  fifteen  entered  the  employ  of  the  Osborn  Dry 
Goods  Co.,  Columbus,  later  becoming  associated 
with  the  Green-Joyce  Co.  In  1889  he  joined  Jo- 
seph H.  Dunn  in  the  retail  dry  goods  business 
under  the  firm  style  of  the  William  G.  Dunn  Co., 
which  was  subsequently  changed  to  Dunn,  Taft  & 
!'<>.,  ar>d  afterwards  incorporated  under  the  title 
of  the  Dunn-Taft  Co.,  which  he  served  as  presi- 
dent until  his  death.  By  a  long  career  of  fair 
and  honorable  dealing,  the  house  had  established 
a  high  reputation,  and  under  his  leadership  its 
standards  were  never  lowered.  His  relations  to 
the  business  community  were  always  cordial  and 
honorable,  and  he  was  keenly  interested  in  every 
movement  for  the  betterment  of  his  native  city. 
He  was  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments;  was  inter- 
ested in  good  books  no  less  than  in  good  works, 
and  he  kept  abreast  of  movements  of  contemporary 


ALFRED  H.  TREGO 
MERCHANT 


LUCY  S.  NOBLE 

AUTHOR 


CHARLES  A.  DU  CHARME 

MANUFACTURER 


DANIEL  H.  TAFT 
MERCHANT 


!      :- 


ALBERT  G.  LUXDQUIST 
REAL  ESTATE 


BARRETT  D.  VAUGHAN 

BANKER 


CONRAD  E.  NYSTRUM 
PHYSICIAN 


WEBSTER  S.  MORLAN 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


123 


thought.  As  a  communicant  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church,  he  was  closely  identified  with 
religious  welfare  work;  was  also  deacon,  trustee, 
president  of  the  brotherhood,  and  chairman  of  the 
board  of  control  for  the  West  Side  Social  Center. 
When  the  National  Congregational  Brotherhood 
was  organized  he  represented  Ohio  on  the  board 
of  directors,  and  was  influential  in  guiding  that 
organization  to  its  present  efficient  form,  as  the 
social  service  bureau  of  the  national  council.  He 
was  a  cordial  counsellor  and  helper  in  the  work 
of  the  Godman  Guild,  and  as  president  for  sev- 
eral years  of  the  Associated  Charities  of  Colum- 
bus his  services  in  the  care  of  the  friendless 
classes  were  intelligent  and  efficient.  He  was 
a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  was  twice  married:  (1) 
Sept.  20,  1882,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Alfred  Ritson; 
(2)  Nov.  24,  1897,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  John 
Hill,  a  physician,  of  Columbus;  she  survives  him, 
with  two  children  of  the  first  union:  Lawrence 
R.,  ami  Helen,  wife  of  J.  Russell  Cole,  both  of 
Columbus.  He  died  at  Columbus,  O.,  Nov.  8,  1915. 

LUNDQUIST,  Albert  G.,  real  estate,  was  born 
at  La  Porte,  Ind.,  Dec.  15,  1874,  son  of  Charles 
J.  and  Hannah  (Carlson)  Lundquist.  His  father 
came  from  Sweden  and  settled  at  La  Porte,  Ind. 
Albert  G.  Lundquist  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  a  business  college  at  La  Porte, 
after  which  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  service  of 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  Co. 
at  La  Porte.  When  Indiana  Harbor  was  founded, 
in  1901,  the  Lake  Shore  selected  him  as  its  first 
station  agent.  In  1906  he  was  promoted  to  a  post 
in  the  office  of  the  auditor  of  the  Lake  Shore,  iu 
Chicago.  Early  in  1907,  however,  lie  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster  at  Indiana  Harbor,  at  which 
time  he  relinquished  his  railroad  activities.  He 
was  president  (1907-12)  of  the  Commercial  Club, 
also  secretary  of  the  East  Chicago  and  Indiana 
Harbor  Manufacturers '  Association.  In  1907  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  John  R.  Farovid  in  the 
real  estate  and  insurance  business  under  the  firm 
name  of  John  R.  Farovid  &  Co.,  which  became 
one  of  first  importance  in  the  Calumet  district. 
It  was  mainly  through  his  untiring  efforts  that 
a  government  appropriation  was  secured  for  har- 
bor improvements.  As  a  commercial  worker  he  was 
a  genius  and  a  pronounced  success;  affable,  with 
a  keen  mind,  he  was  quick  to  analize  any  proposi- 
tion, and  at  all  times  to  present  in  logical  man- 
ner any  subject  that  presented  itself.  While  a 
resident  of  La  Porte  he  was  secretary  of  the 
Republican  Club.  He  was  past  president  of  the 
Scandinavian  R-elief  and  Aid  Society  of  La  Porte; 
past  exalted  ruler  of  East  Chicago  lodge  of  Elks, 
and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  a 
communicant  of  the  Swedish  Lutheran  Church,  La 
Porte.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  treasurer 
of  the  Associated  Charities,  and  for  years  had 
been  vice  president  of  the  Citizens '  Trust  and 
Savings  Bank.  He  was  married  Sept.  16,  1896, 
to  Mollie  E.,  daughter  of  Charles  J.  Swanson,  of 
La  Porte,  Ind. ;  she  survives  him,  with  four  chil- 
dren: Laurel,  Flovd,  Caryl  J.,  and  Kenneth  Lund- 
quist. He  died  at  Indiana  Harbor,  Ind.,  Feb.  12, 
1915. 

VAUGHAN,  Barrett  Daniel,  banker,  was  born 
at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  Apr.  7,  1860,  son  of  Bradford 
H.  and  Nancy  M.  (Barrett)  Vaughan.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  Ypsilanti 
State  Normal  School,  and  began  working  in  a 
drug  store  first  at  Ypsilanti  and  later  at  Char- 
lotte, Mich,  in  1886  he  became  an  independent 
druggist  at  Bellevue,  Mich.,  where  he  won  a  mer- 
ited success,  transferring  his  operations  to  Albion, 


Mich.,  in  189.'!.  Four  years  later  he  returned  to 
Bellevne  and  became  a  partner  in  a  general  mer- 
cantile establishment,  in  which  relation  he  con- 
tinued until  1902,  when  he  became  cashier  of  the 
Citizens'  Bank,  which  he  had  been  a  dominant 
factor  in  founding,  and  continued  in  that  capacity 
until  his  death.  Under  his  personal  supervision 
this  institution  became  one  of  the  leading  banking 
houses  in  that  section  of  the  state.  He  occupied 
a  high  position  in  Masonry.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  caravan  which  made  the  celebrated  pilgrimage 
of  the  Mystic  Shrine  to  Honolulu  in  1901,  where 
the  imperial  potentate  had  been  called  to  institute 
the  first  temple  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  The 
latter  dignitary  selected  the  subject  to  assist  him 
as  one  of  the  ceremonial  masters.  His  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  had 
a  clear  and  firm  grasp  of  all  public  questions  and 
was  an  original  and  progressive  factor  in  banking 
and  business  affairs  in  the  broadest  sense.  He  was 
married  Dec.  3,  1884,  to  Jennie  Belle,  daughter 
of  Henry  L.  Robinson,  of  Bellevue.  He  died  at 
Bellevue,  Mich.,  Apr.  12,  1915. 

ITYSTRUM,  Conrad  Esadore,  physician,  was 
burn  at  Waupaca,  Wis.,  June  4,  1S69,  son  of  John 
Peter  and  Mary  (Nyquist)  Nystrum,  both  natives 
of  Sweden.  His  father,  who  came  to  this  country 
in  1865  and  settled  at  Waupaca,  Wis.,  was  a  tan- 
ner by  trade,  and  proprietor  ot  the  first  tannery 
in  Medford,  Wis.  The  son  attended  public  school 
at  Medford,  and  was  graduated  M.D.,  at  the 
Haimeniann  Medical  College  and  Hospital,  Chicago, 
111.,  in  1892.  He  began  his  professional  career 
in  Medford,  where  for  several  years  he  served  as 
city  health  officer,  and  also  as  county  physician  of 
Taylor  county.  He  was  the  first  physician  in  that 
county  to  perform  the  operation  known  as  nppeu- 
dictomy,  and  the  patient  recovered.  For  sixteen 
years  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  U.S.  board  of 
pension  surgeons  at  Medford.  He  promoted  the 
Lake  Esadore  summer  resort  at  Medford,  the  lake 
having  been  named  for  him:  also  the  resort  at 
Lake  Nystrum.  At  present  (1919)  there  are 
forty  cottages  at  these  resorts,  which  are  patroniz- 
ed by  the  best  people  of  Medford  and  the  sur- 
rounding country,  besides  others  who  come  there 
for  their  summer  's  outing.  In  1900  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  county  committee,  when 
every  candidate  on  the  Republican  ticket  was 
elected,  and  in  June,  1908,  he  was  assistant  ser- 
geant-at-arms  at  the  National  Republican  Con- 
vention at  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association ;  the  Wisconsin  State, 
Price  and  Taylor  County  Medical  associations;  Wif- 
consin  Surgical  Association ;  Clinical  Congress  of 
Surgeons;  Soo  Line  Surgical  Association;  U.S. 
Pension  Surgeons'  Association  and  the  Medford 
Social  Club.  He  was  married  at  Medford,  Wis., 
Apr.  16,  1894,  to  Maria,  daughter  of  Timothy  Con- 
naughty,  a  farmer  of  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  and  their 
children  are:  Martha,  Raymond  and  Lester  Ny- 
strum. 

MORLAN,  Webster  Smith,  lawyer  and 
ranchman,  was  born  in  Crawford  county,  O., 
Apr.  18,  1848,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  B. 
(Jackson)  Morlan.  His  father,  a  Quaker  farmer, 
owned  a  large  acreage  of  land  in  Iowa,  to 
which  state  he  removed  in  1853.  The  son  was 
educated  at  Iowa  Lutheran  College  and  was 
graduated  at  Albion  (la.)  College  in  1S6S.  He 
had  worked  his  way  through  college,  having 
been  employed  on  the  grade  in  the  construction 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad 
in  southwestern  Nebraska.  While  in  college  he 
also  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  Iowa  bar 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


in  1868,  aud  after  teaching  school  two  years  in 
Cass  county,  Neb.,  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Crete,  Neb.  He  then  assisted  in 
the  organization  of  Kearney  county,  being 
elected  county  clerk,  and  practicing  law  at  Low- 
ell, the  county  seat.  In  1874  he  removed  to 
Arapahoc.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
Furnas  county  in  18X0,  and  during  his  terra 
successfully  prosecuted  the  celebrated  Zimmer- 
man murder  case.  About  1S86  he  became  attor- 
ney for  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  Railroad 
(Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiucy  system) ,  his 
jurisdiction  eventually  covering  1,000  miles  of 
road,  and,  in  1802,  when  the  Burlington  estab- 
lished division  headquarters  at  McCook,  Neb.,  he 
settled  there.  He  was  regarded  as  the  leading 
lawyer  in  southwestern  Nebraska,  his  practice 
covering  twenty  or  more'  counties  of  the  state 
and  overlapping  into  Kansas  and  Colorado.  He 
was  a  candidate  for  congress  in  1900  and  de- 
clined an  appointment  as  district  judge,  pre- 
ferring the  activities  of  private  practice. 
Among  the  famous  trials  in  which  he  figured 
was  the  Dewey  murder  case  in  Kansas,  the  cul- 
mination of  a  long  feud  between  cattle  men  and 
homesteaders.  In  a  large  array  of  counsel  on 
both  sides  Mr.  Morlan  soon  became  the  main 
reliance  of  the  defense,  and  although  tried  in 
a  hostile  community,  the  accused  was  acquitted. 
Because  he  disliked  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
would  not  remain  on  his  father's  farm,  the  lat- 
ter cut  him  off  in  his  will  with  one  dollar. 
Later  in  life  he  developed  a  successful  three 
hundred  and  twenty  acre-farm  near  Mci'ook, 
which  was  the  show  place  of  the  section.  Hi-; 
ranch  was  "under  the  ditch,''  and  proved  a 
highly  profitable  venture,  much  of  its  product  being 
marketed  in  Denver.  .  He  was  a  member  of 
various  law  associations.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  travel,  visiting  with  his  wife  the 
western  wilds,  Alaska  and  Mexico,  with  fishing 
and  hunting  as  liis  diversions.  For  a  quarter  of 
a  century  he  was  a  dominating  factor  in  poli- 
tics, law  and  business .  in  Nebraska.  He  was  a 
strong,  original  thinker  and  a  popular  lawyer. 
He  was  married  at  North  Platte,  Neb.,  Jan.  10, 
1874,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Evan 
Evans,  a  farmer  of  Wisconsin,  and  died  in 
Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  25,  1915. 

WELLS,  Webster,  mathematician,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  4,  1851,  sou  of  Thomas  Foster 
and  Sarah  (Merrill)  Wells.  He  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  at  the  Alien  English  and  Classi- 
cal School  in  West  Newton  and  was  graduated 
B.S.  in  civil  engineering  at  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  in  1873.  He  was  then 
appointed  an  instructor  in  mathematics  in  that 
institution.  Ten  years  later  he  became  assistant 
professor,  and  subsequently  associate  professor,  re- 
ceiving a  full  professorship  in  1903.  In  1911  he 
was  retired  at  his  own  request,  having  taught  con- 
tinuously and  successfully  for  thirty-eight  years, 
except  for  one  leave  of  absence  to  pursue  his 
studies  in  Europe.  He  gave  additional  service  to 
the  Institute  in  1882  as  secretary  of  the  faculty, 
and  in  1883,  as  bursar.  Remarkably  effective  and 
painstaking  as  a  teacher,  his  native  ability  was 
greatly  strengthened  by  his  parallel  activities  as 
a  writer  of  mathematical  textbooks  covering  the 
whole  period  of  his  career.  His  published  volumes 
are  "Elementary  Treatise  on  Logarithms," 
(1878);  "University  Algebra,"  (1880);  'Plane 
and  Spherical  Trigonometry,"  (1883)  ;  "Academic 
Algebra,"  (1885);  "Plane  and  Solid  Geometry," 
(1887);  "Essentials  of  Trigonometry,"  (1888); 


"Four-Place  Logarithmic  Tables,"  (1888);  "High- 
er Algebra,"  (1889)  ;  "College  Algebra,"  (1890)  ; 
"Academic  Arithmetic,"  (1892);  "Revised  Plane 
and  Solid  Geometry,"  (1894)  ;  "New  Plane  and 
Spherical  Trigonometry,"  (1896);  "Essentials  of 
Algebra,"  .  (1897)  ;  "Essentials  of  Geometry," 
(1898);  "New  Higher  Algebra,  (1899);"  Com- 
plete Trigonometry,"  (1900)  ;  "Advanced  Course 
in  Algebra,"  (1904)  ;  "Algebra  for  Secondary 
Schools,"  (1906).  In  many  of  his  summer  vaca- 
tions and  during  his  leave  of  absence,  he  traveled 
extensively  in  Europe  and  Northern  Africa,  ac- 
complishing certain  rather  difficult  feats  in  Alpine 
climbing.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  the  work  of  the 
Appalachian  Mountain  Club,  of  which  he  was  a 
member,  and  was  familiar  with  most  of  the  White 
Mountain  trails.  He  had  a  wide  knowledge  of 
books,  a  high  appreciation  of  painting  and  music, 
and  an  effectiveness  in  narration  that,  coupled  with 
his  other  qualities,  made  him  an  interesting  con- 
versationalist. He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Mathematical  Society,  the  Technology  Club  of  Bos- 
ton, and  the  Technology  Club  of  New  York.  He 
was  married,  June  21,  1S76,  to  Emily  Walker, 
elder  .daughter  of  John  H.  Langdon,  a  grain 
merchant  of  Boston,  and  a  direct  descendant  of 
Governors  Winthrop  and  Dudley.  He  died  at 
Arlington,  Mass.,  May  23,  1916. 

FELL.  D[avid]  Newlin,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Buckingham,  Pa.,  Nov.  4,  1840,  son  of  Joseph 
and  Harriet  (Williams)  Fell.  His  first  American 
ancestor  was  Joseph  Fell,  who  came  from  Cum- 
berland, England,  in  1704,  settling  in  Bucks 
county,  Pa.;  his  wife  was  Bridget  Willson,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Joseph,  who  married  Mary  Kinsey;  their 
son  Joseph,  who  married  Rachel  Wilson ;  their 
son  David,  who  married  Phoebe  Schofield,  and 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  father  was  a  distinguished  teacher, 
and  was  for  some  time  county  superintendent  of 
schools.  The  son  was  graduated  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Normal  School  at  Millersville,  in 
1862,  and  in  the  same  year  entered  the  army 
with  a  company  recruited  mostly  from  the  students 
of  the  school.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  service  he  commenced  the  stndv  of  law  in  'the 
'ofi'.ce  of  his  brother,  William  W.'  Fell,  in  Phila- 
delphia. In  1874  lie  formed  a  partnership  with 
Alfred  Moore,  which  was  terminated  by  his 
appointment  as  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  May  I!,  1877.  In  November  he  was  elected 
to  the  same  office  for  a  ten-year  term,  having  the 
endorsements  of  both  the  Republicans  and  Demo- 
crats, and  in  1^x7  was  re-elected.  During  the 
last  three  years  of  his  second  term  he  sat  as 
president  in  the  quarter  sessions  to  supervise  the 
granting  of  licenses  for  the  sale  of  liquor.  Many 
important  cases  came  before  him  during  his  long 
incumbency,  among  which  might,  be  mentioned 
that  of  Duncan  vs.  Pennsylvania  railroad,  in 
which  the  right  to  recover  consequential  damages 
for  injuries  to  real  estate  was  first  maintained. 
This  was  subsequently  allirmed  by  both  the  state 
and  federal  supreme  courts.  As  early  as  1885  he 
was  instrumental  in  preventing  a  contemplated 
prize  fight  by  issuing  a  bench  warrant  for  the 
two  pugilists,  Sullivan  and  McCaffrey,  who  upon 
being  brought  to  court,  were  held  in  $15,000  bail 
each.  In  Nov.,  189?,,  Judge  Fell  was  elected  to 
the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  a  long  and  useful  term,  during  which 
he  continued  to  display  the  learning  and  energy 
which  distinguished  his  service  in  the  lower  court. 
He  became  chief  justice  of  the  state  Jan.  1,  1910 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHY. 


125 


from  which  position  he  retired  in  January,  1915. 
Judge  Fell  early  became  interested  in  the  cause  of 
good  government,  and  before  his  appointment  to 
the  bench  was  a  member  oi  the  Philadelphia  city 
council.  He  also  acted  on  the  municipal  cum- 
mission  created  by  the  legislature  to  devise  a 
plan  for  the  better  government  of  the  cities  of 
the  state.  He  has,  however,  not  sought  political 
preferment  and  devoted  himself  strictly  to  his 
profession  and  the  exercise  of  his  judicial  duties, 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public,  and  has  been  senior  vice-commander  and 
judge  advocate-  general  of  the  department  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  married,  Sept.  1,  1870, 
to  Martha  E.  P.,  daughter  of  S.  E.  Trego,  of 
Bucks  county.  Pa.,  and  has  five  children:  David 
INT.,  Edward  W.,  Anna  T.,  wife  of  John  H.  Ruck- 
man;  Edith  N  and  Emma  T.  Fell. 

CABK,  Julian  Shakespeare,  financier  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  (.'., 
Oct.  12,  1845,  son  of  John  Wesley  and  Eliza  Pan- 
nel  (Bullock)  Carr.  His  father  was  a  merchant 
and  planter,  and  one  of  the  county  court  judges 
of  Orange  county  for  a  number  of  years.  Ju- 
lian  S.  Carr  received  his  preliminary  education  at 
a  boarding  school  in  Orange  county,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  3d  N. 
C.  cavalry.  After  the  war  he  completed  his  edu- 
cation  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel 
Hill.  He  then  entered  upon  a  business  career  as 
a  tobacconist.  Later,  in  association  with  Col.  W. 
T.  Blackwell,  he  formed  the  Blackwell  Durham 
Tobacco  Co.,  which  business  was  the  foundation 
of  the  present  thriving  city  of  Durham,  N.  C.,  and 
upon  the  incorporation  of  the  company  he  became 
its  president.  In  1898  the  Blackwell  Durham  To- 
bacco  Co.,  was  absorbed  by  the  celebrated  To- 
baceo  Trust,  largely  against  his  wishes,  and  for  a 
sum  approximating  four  million  dollars.  Since 
that  time  he  h.ns  devoted  his  talents  chiefly  to  the 
manufacture  o-'  cotton  and  to  banking  and  finan- 
cial  enterprises.  He  is  president  and  owner  of 
the  Durham  Hosiery  Mills,  numbers  1  to  in  in- 
elusive,  located  at  Durham  High  Point,  Chapel  Hill, 
and  Goldsboro,  N.  C.,  the  largest  manufacturer 
of  domestic  hosiery  in  the  world.  He  is  also  the 
organizer  and  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Durham;  president  of  the  Durham  &  Rox- 
boro  Railroad  Co.,  the  Durham  &  Charlotte  Rail- 
road,  the  Durham  Electric  Light  Co.,  ami  the 
Commonwealth  Cotton  Factory,  Durham,  and  is 
vice-president  of  the  Durham  Cotton  Manufactur- 
ing  Co.,  and  the  Greensboro  Blast  Furnace  Co.  An 
ardent  Methodist  he  is  devoted  to  his  church;  was 
delegate  to  the  Robert  Raike  (centennial)  Sun- 
day  school  convention,  London,  1878;  to  the  ecu- 
menical  conference  of  Methodism  of  the  world, 
London,  1SS1,  and  to  the  Methodist  centennial, 
Baltimore,  18,87,  and  has  frequently  been  delegate 
to  the  Southern  Methodist  general  conference.  He 
donated  the  ground  on  which  Trinity  College  now 
stands,  and  was  instrumental  in  having  that  insti- 
tution  located  at  Durham.  He  started  an  endow- 
ment  fund  which  revived  Greensboro  (N.  C.)  Fe- 
male  College,  when  that  institution  was  lagging; 
bestowed  princely  gifts  upon  Wake  Forest  (X. 
C.)  College,  Davidson  College,  St.  Mary  'sand  P'ton 
colleges,  and  he  headed  "an  endowment  fund  which 
was  started  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a 
chair  in  history  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina;  he  also  helped  to  build  a  Methodist 
church  at  the  university,  and  established  and  be- 
came  president  of  a  female  seminary  at  Durham, 
A  similar  male  school  was  founded  by  him,  but 
upon  the  organization  of  the  Durham  graded 


school  it  was  merged  into  that.  He  gave  the  lot 
ou  which  that  school  was  built,  and  contributed 
money  to  purchase  books  and  to  carry  on  the  work 
of  the  school.  When  it  was  proposed  to  build  a 
church  at  Durham  of  a  denomination  other  than 
his  own,  it  was  his  subscription  that  headed  the 
list  He  has  given  liberally  to  negro  colleges, 
churches  and  schools.  When  a  (_'hinam:m  who  had 
embraced  Methodism  expressed  a  desire  to  return 
and  preach  the  gospel  in  his  native  laud,  he  edu- 
cated  him  for  that  purpose  at  Trinity  College  and 
Vanderbilt  University.  He  educated  many  young 
men  for  the  ministry,  as  well  as  other  professions. 
During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  contributed 
generously  to  the  support  of  the  families  in  Dur- 
ham,  whose  members  were  in  the  service.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina; 
president  board  of  managers  Greensboro  Female 
College;  trustee  Trinity  College;  director  Oxford 
Orphan  Asylum;  trustee  North  Carolina  Colored 
Normal  School  and  promoter  and  former  vice- 
president  of  the  Southern  Commercial  Congress. 
He  is  at  preseut  lieutenant-general,  commanding 
the  department  of  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia 
U.  C.  V.  He  was  a  member  of  the  advisory  corn- 
mittee  of  the  American  Exposition,  London,  and 
was  formerly  vice-president  of  the  .National 
Tobacco  Manufacturers'  Association;  has  been 
delegate  to  numerous  national  Democratic  con- 
ventions,  and  in  the  convention  of  1900  received 
thirteen  votes  for  vice-president  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Zeta  Psi  fraternity 
and  a  Mason  of  high  degree.  His  chief  recreations 
are  travel,  reading  and  farming.  Mr.  Carr  is 
characterized  by  a  rigid  standard  of  business  honor 
and  integrity,  sound  judgment  and  unfailing  com- 
mon  sense.  He  was  married  Feb.  17,  1S73,  to 
Nauie  Graham,  daughter  of  Col.  Parrish,  of  Dur- 
ham,  N.  C.,  and  has  six  children:  Eliza  Morehead, 
wife  of  Henry  Corwin  Flower,  Kansas  City;  Lola 
Ruth,  widow  of  William  F.  Patton,  Kansas  City; 
Julian  S.,  Jr.;  Durham,  N.  C.  ;  Albert  Marvin,  New 
York  city;  Claiborn  McDowell,  Durham;  and  Aus- 
tin  Heaton  Carr,  private,  U.  S.  A. 

WHITTAKER,  William  Henry,  lawyer  and 
author,  was  born  at  Covington,  Ky.,  Aug.  11,  1*53, 
son  of  James  and  Olivia  S.  (Lyon)  Whittaker. 
His  maternal  grandfather,  Isaac  Lyon,  was  a  sur- 
geon  in  the  war  of  1812.  James  Whittaker,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  a  merchant  of  Baltimore.  Will- 
iam  Henry  Whittaker  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  Covington  and  at 
Hughes  Kigh  School,  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  was  grad- 
uated  A.B.  at  Yale  University  in  1873.  He  then 
became  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Cincinnati 
"Enquirer,"  and  in  1875  went  to  Chicago,  serving 
as  reporter  on  the  Chicago  "Post,"  at  the  same 
time  studying  law  under  the  preceptorship  of  Pad- 
dock  &  Ide,  and  attending  Union  College  of  Law. 
During  this  period  he  also  did  work  for  the  Chi- 
cago  "Times."  In  1877  he  went  to  Europe  as 
special  correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  "En- 
quirer,"  and  during  this  period  continued  the 
study  of  law  at  the  University  of  Heidelberg. 
After  traveling  through  Germany,  Switzerland  and 
Italy  he  went  to  Paris,  and  as  journalist  covered 
the  Paris  Exposition  of  187S.  Returning  to  Amer- 
ica  in  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Ohio  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Cincinnati.  In  1891-97  he  served  as  assistant  cor- 
poration  counsel,  and  in  1898  was  appointed  ref- 
eree  in  bankruptcy  for  Hamilton  county;  he  was 
rated  an  authority  ou  bankruptcy  law.  His  writ- 
ings  on  subjects  connected  with  his  profession  had 


126 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


been  numerous,  and  included  '•  \Vhittaker  's  Anno- 
tated Ohio  Code  of  Civil  Procedure"  (1894),  which 
ran  through  several  subsequent  editions;  also 
"Forms  of  Pleading  Under  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure " ;  "  Annotated  Probate  Code  of  Ohio ' ' ; 
' '  Annotated  Justice  Code  of  Ohio  "  ;  "  Ohio  Code 
of  Evidence, ' '  and  ' '  Whittaker  's  Smith  on  Negli- 
gence, ' '  and  he  also  delivered  numerous  lectures  on 
bankruptcy.  For  years  he  was  editor  of  the 
"Weekly  Law  Bulletin,"  Cincinnati,  and  at  his 
death  was  engaged  in  writing  several  new  law 
books.  He  was  professor  of  torts  in  the  Young 
Men 's  ( 'hristian  Association  Law  School  at  the 
Ohio  Mechanics'  Institute,  Cincinnati.  His  politi- 
cal affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party,  and 
he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  church. 
He  was  one  of  the  best  beloved  professors  of  his 
school,  and  was  a  great  lawyer  in  all  that  the  term 
implies.  He  had  a  retentive  memory,  a  keen  ana- 
lytical mind,  a  gift  of  clear  narration,  a  reasoning 
faculty,  and  the  essential  capacity  for  analyzing 
facts  and  applying  reasoning  and  precedent  to 
them ;  he  was  likewise  generously  endowed  with 
the  power  of  convincing  speech.  He  was  married 
Aug.  17,  1893,  to  Carrie  A.,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
F.  Gardner,  of  Camden,  O.,  and  died  in  Cincinnati, 
O.,  Nov.  5,  1915. 

DEMING,  Fred  Curtiss,  industrial  sales  agent, 
was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Yr.,  Mar.  5,  1868,  son  of 
Frederic  and  Cornelia  Wadsworth  (Curtiss)  Dem- 
ing.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
John  Deming  who  came  from  England  about  1635 
and  settled  at  Wethersfield,  Conn.  From  him  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  John  and 
his  wife  Mary  Mygatt;  their  son  Hezekiah  and 
his  wife  Lois  Wyard;  their  son  Samuel  and  his 
wife  Anna  Hart;  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Susanna  Cowles,  to  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife 
Catharine  M.  Lewis,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Fred  Curtiss  Deming.  Samuel  Deming  (IV)  served 
in  Col.  Webb 's  regiment  in  the  war  of  the  revo- 
lution. Frederic  Deming,  father  of  the  subject, 
is  a  retired  tanner  and  leather  dealer  of  Buffalo. 
Fred  Curtiss  Deming  was  educated  in  private 
schools  and  at  the  New  York  State  Normal  School, 
Buffalo.  He  began  his  business  career  at  sixteen 
as  office  boy  with  Albright  &  Smith,  Buffalo,  sales 
agents  for  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  &  Iron 
Co.,  and  through  successive  promotions  became 
traveling  salesman  for  the  company,  in  1890.  Two 
years  later  he  became  a  salesman  in  Buffalo  for 
the  Carnegie  Steel  Co.,  and  was  soon  recognized  as 
an  expert.  In.  1900  he  was  appointed  assistant 
manager  of  sales  for  that  company  in  his  native 
city,  and  since  1911  has  been  manager  of  sales 
for  the  Carnegie  Steel  Co.,  in  Buffalo,  also  for 
the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  &  Railroad  Co.,  and  the 
Illinois  Steel  Co.,  all  subsidiary  companies  of  the 
U.  S.  Steel  Corporation.  He  is  a  member  and 
director  (1918-21)  of  the  Buffalo  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  a  director  (1916-19)  and  president 
(1917-18)  in  the  Ellicott  Club,  and  a  member  also 
of  the  Buffalo,  Park,  Wanakah  Country,  and  West- 
minster clubs,  Buffalo.  He  finds  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  fishing,  golf  and  automobiling.  He  waa 
married  Oct.  18,  1890,  to  Daisy  H.,  daughter  of 
George  W.  Chase,  a  merchant  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y. ; 
they  have  two  children:  Catherine  Lewis,  wife  of 
J.  Harrison  Chase,  and  Cornelia  Wadsworth,  wife 
of  William  D.  Van  Arnam. 

LANSING,  Abraham,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  _7.  1  *:;:,.  son  of  Christopher 
Yates  and  Caroline  M.  (Thomas)  Lansing.  The 
first  of  the  family  in  America  was  Gerrit  F.  Lan- 
sing, who  came  to  New  Amsterdam  from  Hasselt, 


in  the  province  of  Overyssel,  Holland,  and  settled 
in  Rensselaerwyck  about  1650 ;  from  him  the  line 
is  traced  through  his  son  Gerrit  and  the  latter 's 
wife  Elsje  Van  Wythorst ;  their  son  f  acob  G.  and 
his  wife  Helena  Glen;  their  son  Gerrit  J.  and  his 
wife  Elsje  Van  Wythorst;  their  son  Jacob  G.  and 
his  wife  Susannah  Yates,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  In  the  early 
records  the  name  is  found  as  Lansingh,  Lansinck 
and  Lansing.  Abraham  Lansing  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  Berkshire  county,  Mass.,  at  the  Al- 
bany Academy,  and  at  Williams  College,  where  he 
was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1855. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  his 
father,  a  leading  lawyer  of  Albany,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  the  Albany  Law  School  in  1857.  He 
quickly  took  a  prominent  place  among  the  lawyers 
of  his  city,  was  appointed  city  attorney  of  Albany 
in  1868,  and  the  following  year  was  made  the  first 
supreme  court  reporter.  While  occupying  that  posi- 
tion he  published  the  initial  seven  volumes  of  the 
supreme  court  reports.  He  was  appointed  acting 
state  treasurer  by  Gov.  Dix  in  1874,  and  two 
years  later  was  chosen  corporation  counsel  for  Al- 
bany. In  1SS2  he  was  elected  state  senator  for 
Albany  county,  receiving  the  largest  majority  ever 
given  a  candidate  for  that  office.  He  was  actively 
identified  with  the  passage  of  the  act  establishing 
the  State  Railroad  Commission  and  with  the  law 
providing  for  a  state  park  at  Niagara  Falls.  Aside 
from  his  political  and  professional  duties,  he  was 
a  director  of  the  National  Commercial  Bank,  trus- 
tee of  the  Albany  Savings  Bank,  park  commissioner 
of  Albany,  governor  of  the  Albany  Hospital,  trus- 
tee of  the  Albany  Academy,  Albany  Medical  Col- 
lege, Albany  Rural  Cemetery,  Dudley  Observatory 
and  the  Fort  Orange  Club.  He  was  also  a  life 
member  of  the  State  Geological  Society.  For  many 
years  he  was  in  partnership  with  his  brother  Will- 
iam in  the  legal  profession.  He  was  married,  Nov. 
26,  1873,  to  Catherine,  daughter  of  Judge  Peter 
Gansevoort  (q.  v.).  Mr.  Lansing  died  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  4,  iv.i'j. 

WRENNE.  Michael  Joseph  Coleman,  railway 
official,  was  born  at  Kiel,  Ireland,  Aug.  4,  1847, 
son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Roche)  Wrenne.  In 
1848  the  family  came  to  this  country  and  settled 
in  Rockbride  county,  Va.,  removing  thence  to 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1S59.  Michael  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Nashville,  and  in  1861 
secured  a  position  with  the  Nashville  &  Decatur 
railroad.  continuing  until  1863,  when  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St. 
Louis  railway,  with  which  he  was  identified  for 
more  than  fifty  years;  for  many  years  he  waa 
superintendent  of  transportation.  His  efficient  suc- 
cess as  a  railroad  official  is  well  known  in  com- 
mercial and  railroad  circles.  Much  of  his  time  in 
recent  years  was  given  to  representing  his  company 
in  the  Transportation  and  Car  Accounting  Asso- 
ciation, which  covers  matters  pertaining  to  trans- 
portation in  connection  with  North  American  rail- 
ways. In  1910  Mr.  Wrenne  was  unanimously 
elected  president  of  the  association  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  chairman  of  its  transporta- 
tion committee.  In  addition  to  his  railroad 
activities  he  was  first  vice-president  of  the 
Thomas  W.  Wrenne  Banking  Co.,  of  Nashville, 
and  he  also  served  as  councilman  of  the  old  board 
of  public  works  at  the  time  that  body  was  first 
made  a  feature  of  the  Nashville  city  government. 
In  all  movements  for  the  city's  upbuilding  and 
civic  development,  he  took  a  conspicuous  part  and 
was  recognized  as  one  of  Nashville 's  most  repre- 
sentative and  public  spirited  citizens.  He  was 


WILLIAM  H.  WHITTAKER 
LAWYER 


FRED  C.  DEMTNG 
MERCHANT 


ABRAHAM  LANSING 
LAWYER 


MICHAEL  T.  C.  WREXXE 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


ALBERT  S.  CHESEBROUGH 
YACHT  DESIGNER 


MATTHEW  SLAVIN 
CONTRACTOR 


JAMES  A.  EDWARDS 
COMMISSION  MERCHANT 


WILLIAM  E.  CASSELBERRV 
PHYSICIAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


married  Dec.  22,  1870,  to  Isabella  Felicia,  daughter 
of  James  Kerr  Moffat,  who  died  in  1908;  their 
surviving  children  are:  Edward  M.,  superintendent 
of  transportation  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  & 
St.  Louis  Railway ;  Estella  M.,  wife  of  Dr.  G. 
Douglas  Hayes,  of  Tracy  City;  and  Augusta  C., 
wife  of  Col.  Edward  Timberlake,  U.  S.  A.  coast 
artillery,  and  now  (1918)  in  charge  of  the  quarter- 
master 's  department  of  the  U.  S.  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point.  Mr.  Wrenne  died  in 
Nashville,  Term.,  Aug.  10,  1915. 

CHESEBROUGH,  Albert  Stanton,  yacht  de- 
signer, was  born  at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  Jan.  11,  1868, 
son  of  E.  Stanton  and  Caroline  L.  (Herreshoif) 
Chesebrough.  His  father  was  an  ofiicer  in  the  Fed- 
eral army  during  the  civil  war.  The  son  received 
his  preliminary  education  :it  the  private  school  of 
Mowry  &  Goff,  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  Brown  University  in  1888.  He  then  be- 
came associated  with  his  uncles,  John  B.  (q.  v.), 
and  Nathaniel  G.  Herreshoff  (q.  v.),  the  celebrated 
ship  designers  and  builders  of  Bristol,  as  draughts- 
man. In  1892  he  started  in  business  for  himself 
and  designed  and  superintended  the  building 
of  majy  sailing  and  steam  craft  of  various  ton- 
nage. He  designed  and  superintended  the  con- 
struction of  the  torpedo  destroyer  Striugham  and 
other  destroyers  of  note  for  the  U.  S.  government  ; 
the  schooner  yachts  Hildegardc  (146  ft.  1897)  and 
Invader  (136  ft.  1905),  both  of  steel,  and  many 
noted  steam  yachts,  such  as  the  Alcedo  (1897),  for 
George  W.  Childs  Drexel,  and  the  Alvina  (177  ft.) 
for  Charles  E.  Fletcher,  of  Providence.  The  Cas- 
sandra (1907-08),  one  of  the  largest  of  American 
sea-going  steam  yachts,  was  designed  by  him  for 
Roy  A.  Rainey,  of  New  York,  and  was  built  under 
his  supervision,  by  the  Scott  Shipbuilding  Co.,  at 
their  celebrated  yards  at  Greenock,  Scotland.  One 
of  his  last  creations  was  the  high-speed  yacht 
Cone.jo,  also  built  for  Mr.  Raim-v  in  1915.  With  a 
length  of  ninety-three  feet  this  celebrated  craft 
attained  a  speed  of  thirty-three  miles  per  hour.  He 
was  a  recognized  authority  on  the  construction  of 
yachts  and  engines,  and-  of  the  various  materials 
used  in  the  general  building  of  vessels;  was  con- 
sidered a  noted  yacht  designer,  naval  architect  and 
civil  engineer,  combining  in  an  unusual  degree  the 
accurate,  scientific  knowledge  of  a  master  in  his 
chosen  profession.  He  was  married  Maj  6, 
ivi,,  to  Emma  Russell,  daughter  of  Judge  J.  Rus- 
sell Bullock,  of  Bristol.!  R.  I.;  she  died  in  1908. 
There  ore  two  children:  Edith  Russell  and  Wr«t- 
cote  ITerreshoff  Chesebrough.  He  was  killed  in  an 
automobile  accident  at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  May  18,  1916. 

SLAVIN.  Matthew,  contractor  and  builder, 
was  born  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6, 
1853,  son  of  Patrick  Slavin,'  a  farmer.  After 
a  public  school  education  he  was  engaged  in 
various  business  persults,  chiefly  contracting. 
He  was  nine  years  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  in 
1887  went  to  Pasadena,  Cal.,  where  for  years  he 
was  the  most  extensive  contractor  and  builder 
in  southern  California.  Among  the  important 
buildings  he  erected  were:  The  Masonic  building, 
the  Martha  block,  the  Slavin  building,  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  the  Throop  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute at  Pasadena,  and  the  Central  building, 
the  last  being  the  most  modern  fireproof  office 
building  in  the  city.  Besides  his  contracting 
and  building  interests  he  was  long  a  dominant 
factor  in  the  commercial,  industrial  and  financial 
world.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty, 
and  was  president  of  the  Pasadena  city  council 
during  1903-04,  resigning  as  a  member  of  the 
council  in  1905  after  five  years  of  the  most 


t'.iithi'ul  service.  He  was  also  a  member  of  tin 
Pasadena  board  of  trade,  a  thirty-second  drgrcr 
Mason  and  a  Knight  Templar  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine.  His  political  affiliation  was  with'  the 
Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  married  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Nov.  S,  1887,  to  Martha  J., 
daughter  of  Richard  Jefferson  Foster,  a  farmer, 
of  Wayne  county,  Ind. ;  she  survives  him  with 
three  children:  Matthew,  Jr.;  Sara,  wife  of 
Herbert  Blake  Childs,  of  Pasadena,  and  Edith 
Rose  Slavin.  He  died  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Feb.  8, 
1915. 

EDWAKDS,  James  Augustus,  commission 
merchant,  was  horn  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Nov.  11, 
1854,  son  of  Dr.  E.  W.  and  Rosalba  (Diffen- 
derffer)  Edwards,  and  a  descendant  of  Jonathan 
Edwards,  the  noted  New  England  divine.  When 
he  was  six  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  where  he  resided  during  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  He  was  educated  at  public  and  private 
schools  and  began  his  business  career  in  connection 
with  the  grain  commission  firm  of  J.  A.  Edwards 
&  Co.,  which  he  established  in  1S75.  Two  years 
later  he  became  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Board 
of  Trade.  Since  its  establishment  nearly  a  half 
century  ago,  the  firm  has  developed  into  one  of 
the  most  successful  and  reliable  institutions  of  its 
kind  in  Chicago,  with  an  extensive  clientele 
throughout  the  country.  Mr.  Edwards  remained 
in  active  charge  of  the  business  until  he  retired  in 
April,  1916.  He  was  one  of  the  foremost  author- 
ities on  Dutch  art  in  the  United  States.  All  the 
prominent  Dutch  artists  of  the  past  twenty-five 
years  were  his  friends,  his  Chicago  home  was  their 
American  rendezvous,  and  his  collection  of  paint- 
ings, sketches  and  etchings  from  the  Netherlands 
is  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.  In  1916  he  pub- 
lished an  illustrated  brochure  on  Holland  art,  en- 
titled "Dutch  Silhouettes",  of  which  he  himself 
was  the  author,  and  which  he  illustrated  with  ex- 
amples from  his  private  collection.  Next  to  art, 
his  great  passion  was  golf.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Mystic  Shrine  and  a  Knights  Templar,  and  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association  and  the 
Midlothian  Country,  South  Shore  Country  and 
Forty  clubs.  He  was  married  Apr.  12,  1882,  to 
Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Joseph  E.  Paine,  of  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  and  their  children  are:  Kenneth  P.; 
Donald;  Marjorie;  and  Dorothy  Edwards,  wife  of 
Frederick  A.  Rogers  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  died 
in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  15,  1917. 

CASSELBEKRY,  William  Evans,  physician, 
was  born,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  6,  1858,  son 
of  Jacob  Rush  and  Ellen  Lane  (Evans)  Cassel- 
berry,  and  a  descendant  of  Hendrick  Kasselberg, 
an  early  settler  of  Germantown,  Pa.,  who  came 
from  Bakersdorf,  Bruggen,  Germany,  in  1691 ; 
fnom  him  the  line  is  traced  through  his  son  Paul; 
his  son  Jacob  and  his  wife,  Aim  Tyson;  their 
son  Benjamin  and  his  wife,  Ann  Davis;  and  their 
sou  Isaac  and  his  wife,  Margaret  M.  Rush,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  name  Kasselberg  was  gradually  anglicized  to 
its  present  form,  which  has  since  remained  un 
changed  except  by  a  collateral  branch  of  the  family 
in  the  South,  which  established  a  town  of  Castle- 
berry  in  Mississippi.  Dr.  Casselberry 's  father  was 
a  prominent  dry  goods  merchant  of  Philadelphia. 
The  son  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Philadelphia  and  studied  medicine  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr. 
William  Pepper  (q.v.),  where  he  was  graduated 
M.D.  in  1879  with  high  honors.  After  serving  two 
years  as  interne  at  the  Germantown  Hospital,  he 


128 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


went  to  Europe,  where  he  took  special  courses  in 
the  treatment  of  the  ear,  nose  and  throat  at  the 
University  of  Vienna  under  Prof.  Leopold  von 
Schrotter,  and  at  the  London  Throat  Hospital 
under  Sir  Morieil  Mackenzie.  On  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  located  in  Chicago, 
111.,  which  became  his  permanent  residence. 
In  18S3  he  founded  the  Department  of  the 
Throat  and  Nose  at  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Medical  School,  and  acted  as  its  chief  of 
clinic  and  professor  of  therapeutics  and  laryngology 
for  twenty-five  years,  becoming  professor  emeritus 
in  1908.  At  the  new  clinic  thousands  of  destitute 
sufferers  were  afforded  the  most  advanced  relief, 
which  could  not  be  obtained  elsewhere.  There, 
under  his  direction  and  instruction,  many  hundreds 
of  students  have  become  familiar  with  the  difficult 
technique  of  this  surgery.  He  was  also  professor 
of  laryngology  and  climatology  at  the  Northwest- 
ern University  Woman's  Medical  School,  1898- 
1901.  He  was  also  senior  laryngologist  on  the 
medical  board  of  St.  Luke 's  and  Wesley  hospitals, 
and  it  was  through  his  influence  that  a  special 
throat  department  was  first  established  at  Wesley 
Hospital  in  1889,  and  at  St.  Luke's  in  1895.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Laryngological 
Association  (president  1898-99)  ;  Chicago  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences;  Chicago  Laryngological  and 
Otological  Society;  American  Climatological  Asso- 
ciation; Illinois  "State  Medical  Society,  Chicago 
Medical  Society;  Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute; 
Axierican  Academy  of  Ophthalmology  and  Oto- 
Laryngology;  National  Association  for  the  Study 
and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis;  Physicians'  Club 
of  Chicago,  and  a  fellow  of  the  American  College 
of  Surgeons.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  the 
meetings  of  the  ninth  International  Medical  Con- 
gress which  convened  in  Washington  in  1887.  He 
was  the  author  of  various  publications  and  papers 
upon  subjects  connected  with  his  specialty,  the 
most  prominent  of  which  are:  "A  New  Method  of 
Feeding  in  Cases  of  Intubation  of  the  Larynx" 
in  the  "Chicago  Medical  Journal  and  Examiner" 
(1887);  the  chapters  on  "Diseases  of  the  Nose, 
Pharynx  and  Naso-Pharynx"  in  the  "American 
Textbook  of  Diseases  of"  Children"  (1894);  "A 
New  Suggestion  Concerning  Uvulotomy  and  Ni- 
trous Oxide  Anaesthesia"  (1900);  "Neoplasms  of 
the  Nose  and  Larynx,"  being  a  chapter  in  Wright's 
"Treatise  on  the  Nose  and  Throat";  "The  Occa- 
sions for  Surgical  Interference  in  Diseases  of  the 
Faucial  Tonsils  and  the  Methods  of  Choice  in 
Operating"  in  the  ''Laryngoscope"  (1906); 
"Laryngeal  Disturbance  Produced  by  Voice  Use" 
in  the  "British  Medical  Journal"  (1906).  Dr. 
Casselberry  was  a  clever  draftsman  and  made  the 
many  illustrations  which  accompanied  his  numer- 
ous contributions  to  medical  literature.  As  a 
writer  he  was  clear,  accurate  and  painstaking, 
while  as  a  speaker  he  was  fluent,  earnest,  exact 
and  often  eloquent.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Uni- 
versity Club  of  Chicago  and  of  the  Onwentsia  Golf 
Club  of  Lake  Forest.  He  was  married,  June  23, 
1891,  to  Lilian,  daughter  of  William  G.  Hibbard, 
of  Chicago,  and  they  had  three  children :  Hibbard, 
Catharine,  and  William  Evans  Casselberry,  Jr.  He 
died  at  Lake  Forest,  111.,  July  11,  1916. 

GOFF,  Eugenia  Wheeler,  teacher  and  author, 
was  born  at  North  Clarkson,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  17,  1844,  daughter  of  Joseph  Lacy  and  Sarah 
Ann  (Peck)  Wheeler  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Wheeler,  a  native  of  England,  who  settled  at  Con- 
cord, Mass.,  in  1636,  removing  to  Fail-field,  Conn., 
in  1644.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Anna  Halsey, 
the  line  of  descent  is  through  their  son,  Capt.  John, 


and  his  wife,  Judith  Turney;  their  son  Lieut. 
John  and  his  wife,  Lydia  Porter;  their  son  Capt. 
Jabez  and  his  wife,  Charity  Beach,  and  their  sou 
Jabez  and  his  wife,  Euth  Lacy,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  our  subject.  The  Welles  Ameri- 
can Family  Antiquities  says  of  the  Wheelers  of 
America:  "In  the  world  of  letters  members  of  the 
Wheeler  family  are  preeminent,  and  in  the  number 
of  authors  and  their  valuable  contributions  to 
theology,  history,  science,  art,  poetry,  philosophy 
and  travels  is  something  remarkable,  ami  surpassed 
by  very  few. ' '  Joseph  Lacy  Wheeler,  father  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  a  teacher  at  Fair- 
field,  Conn.;  later  he  became  a  farmer  and  school 
commissioner  and  postmaster  in  Monroe  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1859  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  that  he 
might  not  be  separated  from  his  sons,  who  had 
already  located  in  that  state.  His  daughter,  Eu- 
genia, after  taking  a  college  course  at  Brockport, 
N.  Y.,  was  graduated  at  the  State  Normal  School 
at  Winona,  Minn.,  in  1869,  and  was  immediately 
employed  by  the  State  Normal  School  Board  as  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  her  alma  mater,  which 
position  she  retained  eight  years,  advancing  from 
third  to  first  assistant.  She  was  instructor  for 
nine  years  in  the  state  institutes  and  teachers ' 
training  schools,  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  and  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  that  period  served  also 
as  inspector  of  schools.  While  teaching  she 
devised  and  wrote  a  school  text-book,  "Minne- 
sota, its  Geography,  History  and  Resources" 
(1876),  which  was  adopted  by  the  state  text- 
book committee  of  Minnesota  public  schools  and 
used  in  all  the  common  and  graded  schools  of 
the  state.  This  was  the  first  text-book  to  unite 
the  history  and  resources  of  a  state  with  its  geog- 
raphy, and  soon  after  its  publication  the  leading 
school-book  publishers  adopted  the  idea  for  other 
states.  Miss  Wheeler  also  originated  a  set  of 
historical  wall  maps,  on  which  were  delineated  at 
the  place  of  occurrence  the  leading  historical 
events  of  the  country,  and  after  her  marriage 
these  maps  were  engraved  and  published  by  the 
National  Historical  Publishing  Co.,  which  she 
and  her  husband  organized  in  1887.  Other  pub- 
lishing houses  called  for  the  Goff  designs  and 
for  the  following  twenty-five  years  Mrs.  Goff 
devoted  practically  all  of  her  time  to  historical 
research  and  the  designing  of  historical  maps 
and  charts.  She  originated  and  drafted  fully 
one  hundred  designs,  ranging  from  book  size  to 
large  wall  maps,  which  have  been  published  and 
sold  by  several  of  the  leading  school  map  pub- 
lishing houses  of  the  country.  Her  work  was 
unique  and  extensive,  and  as  a  historical  map 
designer  she  is  unsurpassed.  A  combined 
school  chart  that  included  with  history,  pen- 
manship, civil  government  and  color,  was  also 
prepared  by  her.  She  was  joint  author  with 
her  husband  of  a  historical  atlas,  "The  United 
States  and  Her  Neighbors"  (1893).  Mrs.  Goff 
has  held  positions  of  honor  in  various  literary 
societies;  was  department  patriotic  instructor  of 
Ladies  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
and  president  for  many  years  of  the  Woman 's 
Relief  Corps;  lias  written  many  articles  for 
publication,  and  for  three  years  was  state 
lecturer  on  patriotism  in  the  State  Teachers' 
Training  schools.  She  has  been  worthy  matron 
and  national  fraternal  correspondent  of  the  Order 
of  the  Eastern  Star.  Possessing  a  gentle,  winning 
personality,  she  is  deeply  reverent,  is  a  broad- 
minded  student  and  scholar,  and  generous  in  ren- 
dering justice  to  all.  She  was  married  July  19, 


e. 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


129 


1882,  to  Henry  Slade  Goff  (below),  at  that  time 
superintendent  of  schools  at  Willmar,  Minn.  Her 
husband  was  her  ideal  of  noble  manhood,  and  their 
devotion  to  each  other  and  to  their  united  literary 
work  rendered  their  home  a  delight  to  both  and  an 
inspiration  to  all  who  caine  within  its  influence.  • 
GOFF,  Henry  Slade,  poet,  author  and  his 
toriuu,  was  born  at  West.  Winfield,  Herkimer  CO., 
N.  Y.,  Apr.  23,  1842,  son  of  Orange  and  Phoebe 
(Slade)  Goff  and  a  descendant  of  John  Goffe,  who 
came  from  England  in  1662-63  and  settled  in 
Boston,  Mass.  From  this  first  American  ancestor 
and  his  wife,  Hannah  Summers,  the  line  is  traced 
through  their  sou  John  and  his  wife  Hannah  Par- 
ish; their  son  John  and  his  wife  Hannah  Griggs; 
their  son  John  and  his  wife  Jemima  Holden,  to 
their  son  John  Goff  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Costou, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Henry  Slade  Goff. 
John  Goffe  (I)  was  a  ruling  elder  in  Increase 
Mather 's  Boston  church  and  a  soldier  in  King 
Philip 's  war.  His  sou  owned  the  principal  part 
of  the  town  of  Londonderry,  near  Manchester, 
N.  H.  The  third  John  Goffe  was  a  noted  hunter 
of  whom  it  was  said:  ''He  was  the  most  renowned 
Indian  fighter  of  his  day;  was  the  teacher  of 
Stark,  Rogers  and  Shute,  who  served  under  him 
through  the  French  and  Indian  wars,  and  for  more 
than  sixty  years  he  was  a  leader  in  all  the  stirring 
scenes  of  the  most  important  period  of  the  coun- 
try's early  history,"  He  held  military  offices 
under  Kings  George  II  and  III,  being  colonel  in 
the  French  and  Indian  war.  He  built  the  first 
sawmill  and  grainmill  at  Bedford,  near  Manches- 
ter ;  was  representative  in  the  provincial  assembly ; 
judge  of  probate  of  Hillsborough  county,  ami  was 
thrice  member  of  the  provincial  congress  of  New 
Hampshire.  Goffstown  and  Goff 's  Mills  were 
named  for  him.  Maj.  John  Goffe  (IV)  served  in 
both  the  French  and  Indian  war  and  in  the  war 
of  the  revolution.  In  civil  life  he  was  active  and 
liberal  in  the  patriotic  cause,  furnishing  recruits 
and  supplies  for  the  army.  Two  of  his  sons  were 
lost  in  the  war.  Capt.  John  Goff  (V)  removed 
from  Bedford,  N.  H.,  and  established  the  family 
homestead  in  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  in 
Moore's  company  of  Stark 's  regiment  at  Bunker 
Hill,  which  company  was  last  to  leave  the  field, 
covering  the  retreat  from  Breed's  Hill  across 
Charlestown  Neck.  Our  subject 's  father  was  a 
teacher,  farmer  and  writer  and  was  secretary  of 
the  Anti-Slavery  party  of  his  town  in  1833.  In 
1861,  Henry  Slade  Goff,  with  a  brother,  took  up  a 
homestead  claim  in  Blue  Earth  county,  Minn., 
where  he  underwent  all  of  the  privations  of  the 
pioneer  in  a  country  still  subject  to  Indian  raids 
and  massacres.  For  the  defense  of  the  settlement 
on  the  Minnesota  frontier,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  1st 
Minn,  mounted  rangers,  becoming  corporal.  This 
regiment  was  a  part  of  Sibley's  forces  in  the 
Indian  war  on  the  plains  of  Minnesota  and  the 
Dnkotas,  and  he  participated  in  the  battles  of  Big 
Mound,  Buffalo  Lake,  Stony  Lake  and  Apple 
Creek.  He  was  actively  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  for  several  years.  After  graduating  at 
Minnesota  Normal  School,  Mankato,  in  1874,  he 
took  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  University  of 
Minnesota.  He  was  not  only  an  English  scholar 
but  was  proficient  in  Latin,  German  and  Scandi- 
navian languages.  He  taught  in  the  rural  and  high 
schools,  becoming  superintendent  of  schools,  in- 
structor in  the  University  of  Minnesota  and  the 
state  teachers'  training  schools  of  Minnesota.  He 
wrote  many  articles  both  in  prose  and  poetry  for 
general  publication  and  edited  a  number  of  maga- 
zines; was  joint  author  with  his  wife  of  a 


historical  atlas,  "The  United  States  and  Her 
Neighbors"  (1893),  which  was  unique  in  its 
topical  arrangement;  was  author  of  "Rules  of 
Order  for  Every  Day  Use,  and  Civil  Govern- 
ment Made  Plain"  (1913),  and  "Echoes 
From  the  Firing  Line  and  Other  Poems" 
(1915).  His  poem,  entitled  "A  Pledge," 
has  become  the  expressed  sentiment  of  many 
Masonic  bodies.  His  activity  in  the  interest 
of  patriotism  never  ceased.  In  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  he  served  his  post  as  adju- 
tant, senior  vice-commander,  commander,  and 
patriotic  instructor,  and  he  also  served  the  state 
department  as  patriotic  instructor  for  two  terms, 
lecturing,  writing  and  publishing  many  valuable 
articles  on  patriotism.  He  had  been  a  member  of 
the  board  of  managers  of  the  Minnesota  society, 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution;  colonel  of  the 
Union  Veteran's  Union  of  Battlemen;  member 
Patrons  of  Husbandry  of  Minnesota;  past  worthy 
patron  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star;  a  32d  degree 
Mason,  Worshipful  master  and  for  fourteen  years 
secretary  of  his  Masonic  lodge;  also  secretary, 
Masonic  Board  of  Relief  of  Minneapolis.  He 
drafted  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  the  board, 
arranged  for  its  incorporation,  and  founded  the 
permanent  fund  of  the  board.  He  had  a  fine 
personality,  was  a  ripe  scholar,  broadminded  and 
liberal  in  thought,  with  a  deep  reverence  and  love 
for  the  Infinite  Father  and  Source  of  the  created 
universe.  He  had  practical  belief  in  that  brother- 
hood of  man  that  would  render  justice  to  all,  and 
with  his  instruction  in  scholastic  subjects  he  im- 
pressed upon  his  students  and  hearers  his  high 
ideal  of  the  brotherhood  of  man  and  the  nobility 
of  right  living  based  on  the  teaching  of  Christ. 
He  lived  an  exceptionally  noble,  upright  and  tem- 
perate life  and  his  passing  was  in  accordance  with 
such  a  life.  He  married  first,  July  19,  1866, 
Josephine  Stevens,  of  Iowa,  who  died  in  1872,  and 
second,  July  19,  1882,  Eugenia,  daughter  of 
Joseph  L.  Wheeler,  of  Winona,  Minn.,  who  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  June 
19,  1917. 

MITCHEIX,  Henry  Lyman,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Unity,  Me.,  Feb.  6,  1845,  son  of  Solomon  Stuart 
and  Luciuda  (Tyler)  Mitchell,  and  a  descendant 
of  Experience  Mitchell  who  came  to  this  country 
from  Scotland  in  the  ship  Ann  in  1623,  and  set- 
tled at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  removing  to  Dueksburg  in 
1631,  and  later  to  Bridgeware!-,  Mass.;  from  him 

and  his  wife  Jane —  the  line  is  traced  through 

their  son  Jacob  and  his  wife  Mary  -  — ;  their 
son  Jacob  and  his  wife  Susanna  Pope;  their  sou 
Jacob  and  his  wife  Deliverance  Kingman;  their 
sou  John  and  his  wife  Rachel  Gushing;  and  their 
son  Isaac  and  his  wife  Mary  Westoii,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Henry  L.  Mitchell.  His  father 
was  a  farmer  and  millman.  He  was  educated  in 
graded  schools  and  by  private  tutors.  For  two 
years  he  served  as  assistant  under  Prof.  J.  H. 
Sawyer  at  Corinna  Academy.  Beginning  the  study 
of  law  in  1865,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Maine  bar 
in  1870,  to  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  in  1880,  and  to 
the  U.  S.  court  of  appeals  in  1891.  Since  his  ad- 
mission to  the  bar  he  has  practised  law  in  Bangor, 
Me.,  where  he  has  attained  an  enviable  position 
in  his  profession.  For  ten  consecutive  years  he 
was  elected  city  attorney  of  Bangor,  without  can- 
vassing for  the  office,  and  while  in  that  position  the 
Piscataquia  railroad,  in  which  the  city  of  Bangor 
had  a  two-million  dollar  interest,  was  disposed  of 
By  his  efforts,  also,  the  railroad  excise  tax  was  re 
stored  on  the  European  North  American  railway, 
in  which  the  people  of  Bangor  held  $l,f 00.000  in 


130 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


securities  which  had  not  been  taxed  for  several 
years;  the  famous  case  concerning  the  "  Hersey 
Trust  Fund, ' '  for  the  erection  of  a  new  city  hall, 
was  disposed  of  in  favor  of  the  city,  requiring  a 
special  act;  a  law  was  passed  by  the  legislature, 
placing  the  police  force  upon  a  permanent  basis. 
The  fire  department  was  reorganized  and  other 
matters  of  importance  to  the  people  of  the  city 
were  accomplished.  He  has  tried  more  civil  cases 
in  the  state  and  the  United  States  Court,  and  won 
more  verdicts  in  proportion  than  any  other  member 
of  the  I'ennliscot  Bar  Association.  It  has  been 
his  rule  and  pride  to  regard  his  promise  as  bind- 
ing as  his  bond  and  seal.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  Maine  cavalry  volunteers ;  adju- 
tant of  the  second  Maine's  volunteers;  colonel  of 
the  second  Maine  regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  brigadier-general,  commanding 
the  first  brigade  M.  V.  M.  In  IS'.iii  he 
organized  the  Penobscot  Loan  &  Building  Associa- 
tion, and  lias  been  a  director  and  its  attorney  since 
that  time.  He  procured  the  charter  for  the  Ban- 
gor,  Hampden  &  Winterport  railway,  and  was  its 
president  until  it  was  purchased  by  the  Bangor 
Kailway  and  Electric  Co.  He  is  a  past  chancel- 
lor of  Norembega  lodge,  No.  5,  now  Condeskeag, 
No.  53,  Knights  of  Pythias;  past  master  workman 
of  Bangor  lodge  No.  7,  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen,  and  past  post  commander  of  Hannibal 
Hamlin  Post,  No.  65,  G.  A.  R.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Republican  and  in  religious  faith  an  independent 
Congregationalist  (Unitarian).  He  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  Taratine  Club  and  a  member  of  the 
Country  and  Canoe  clubs.  His  favorite  diversion 
is  reading  history  and  literary  works.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Albion,  Me.,  Sept.  22,  1880,  to  Emma  L., 
daughter  of  Dr.  Robert  E.  Rider,  of  Washington, 
Me. 

BEICHEL,  George  Valentine,  clergyman, 
author  and  lecturer,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
June  6,  1863,  son  of  Richard  Lorenz  and  Eliza 
Augusta  (Wenzel)  Reichel.  His  father,  a  native 
of  Germany,  came  to  the  United  States  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  nineteenth  century  and  after  a  few 
years  spent  in  Texas  and  the  West,  settled  in 
New  York  city.  The  son  was  educated  in  public 
and  private  schools  in  New  York  and  Boston; 
was  graduated  at  the  Collegiate  School  of  the 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  United 
States  in  1879  and  at  Auburn  Theological 
Seminary  in  1886.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1*95.  Upon 
entering  the  ministry  he  held  charges  at  Dryden, 
Brockport  and  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  Canfield  and 
Lima,  O.  It  was  during  his  pastorate  at  Brock- 
port  that  he  worked  so  faithfully  towards  the 
adoption  by  the  non-liturgical  churches  of  some 
of  the  special  holy  days  in  the  so-called  sacred 
year.  He  brought  the  matter  before  the  Presby- 
tery of  Rochester,  and  the  practice  of  observing 
more  of  the  holy  days  lias  now  come  into  general 
use  by  all  the  churches.  He  was  the  author  of 
professional  magazine  articles,  short  stories,  sev- 
eral songs,  poems  and  the  books:  "What  Shall 
I  Tell  the  Children?"  (1895);  "Lights  on  Scrip- 
tural Truths"  (1S93);  "Cloud  Rifts"  (1898); 
and  "Bible  Truths  Through  Eye  and  Ear"  (1906). 
For  four  years  preceding  his  death  he  served  as 
field  and  legislative  secretary  of  the  American 
Civic  Reform  Union,  with  headquarters  at  Cleve- 
land. In  that  capacity  he  lectured  extensively 
throughout  various  States  on  social  reform.  Politi- 
cally he  was  an  independent  non-partisan,  with 
Republican  preferences.  He  was  a  pulpit  orator 
of  force,  combining  purity  of  diction  with 


an  exceptional  command  of  language  and  rhetori- 
cal graces.  He  was  married  July  9,  1885,  to 
Mary  Louise,  daughter  of  Silas  Homer  Arnett, 
of  Auburn,  N.  Y.  She  survives  him  with  six 
children:  May,  wife  of  Hugh  Alexander  Smith, 
Jr.,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Haines,  Paul,  Christabel, 
Victoria  and  Ruth  Reichel.  He  died  at  Columbus, 
()..  May  14,  1914. 

SETTLES,  Alfred  John,  chemist,  metallurgist 
and  mining  specialist,  was  born  in  Bedfordshire, 
England,  July  14,  1856,  son  of  John  and  Charlotte 
(Dixie)  Bettles.  He  came  to  America  in  18.., 
settling  at  Ottawa,  Out..  Can.,  where  he  attended 
the  public  schools.  His  knowledge  of  metallurgy 
and  mining  was  obtained  wholly  through  his  own 
efforts,  he  never  having  attended  any  academy  or 
school  of  mines  for  that  purpose.  For  seven  years 
he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Chatham,  Out.,  and  in  1881  removed  to  Colorado 
and  commenced  working  on  mill  construction. 
While  thus  engaged  he  became  interested  in  the 
study  of  metallurgy  and  mining.  In  1884  he  went 
to  Montana,  and  the  following  year  assumeu 
charge  of  the  reduction  works  of  the  Granite 
Mountain  Mining  Co.,  continuing  twelve  years  in 
that  capacity.  WThile  serving  in  that  relation  he 
had  complete  charge  of  the  various  reduction  works 
of  that  corporation  for  the  treatment  of  gold  and 
silver  ores.  In  1897  he  settled  in  Utah,  and  has 
since  been  actively  and  officially  associated  with 
various  mining  companies  and  mining  undertak- 
ings throughout  Utah,  Nevada  and  British  Co- 
lumbia. He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Bettles, 
Mathez  &  Co.,  Salt  Lake  City,  assayers  and  chem- 
ists, lie  designed  and  superintended  the  con- 
struction of  the  large  concentrator  in  connection 
with  the  Newhouse  mines  and  smelters  at  New- 
house,  Utah,  also  the  concentrator  of  the  Boston 
Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  productive  mining  enterprises  in  Utah.  Thus 
he  acquired  a  practical  knowledge  of  metallurgy, 
chemistry  and  assaying,  being  recognized  as  one 
of  the  foremost  authorities  in  his  line  in  the  inter- 
mountain  country.  He  was  also  interested  in  the 
United  Grocery  Co.,  Salt  Lake  City,  and  has  im- 
portant ranch  interests  in  Alberta.  lie  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Engineers'  Society  of  Utah,  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  and  of  the  Alta  and  Commercial 
clubs,  Salt  Lake  City.  His  political  affiliation  is 
with  the  Republican  party.  He  was  married  at 
Salida,  Col.,  Mar.  :',1.  1883,  to  Grace  A.;  daughter 
of  Alexander  Kennedy,  a  farmer  of  Cadillac, 
Midi.;  they  have  four' children :  Charlotte  May, 
wife  of  Henry  Catrow,  Salt  Lake  City;  Grace, 
wife  of  Frank' Roueehe,  Ft.  Collins,  Colo.;  Gordon 
M.,  Goldfield,  Nev.,  and  Helen  Bettles,  Salt  Lake 
City. 

CHILD,  Daniel  Robert,  jeweller,  was  born  at 
East  Smithfield,  Pa.,  June  23,  1827,  son  of  Ed- 
ward Anthony  and  Betsey  (Pierce)  Child,  and  a 
de-cc:idant  of  Jeremiah  I'hihl,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  London,  England,  and  settled  in 
Warren,  R.  I.,  in  167s ;  he  became  a  freeman  in 
16SO  and  a  selectman  in  1686.  Haniel  It.  Child 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  removed 
to  Xew  England,  apprenticing  himself  to  learn 
th»  ship  carpenting  trade  at  North  Swansea,  Mass., 
which  at  that  time  was  a  ship-building  center. 
When  the  gold  fever  broke  out  in  1849,  he  went  to 
San  Francisco,  but  in  185:i  returned  to  the  East 
and  resumed  his  trade  as  ship  carpenter  at  Swan- 
sea. In  1858  he  entered  the  jewelry  business  in 
Providence,  R.  L,  and  in  1876  removed  to  Swansea, 
where  he  continued  in  the  same  business  until  1S93. 


HENRY  L.  MITCHELL 
LAWYER 


GEORGE  V.  REICHEL 
CLERGYMAN 


ALFRED  J.  SETTLES 
CHEMIST  AND  METALLURGIST 


DANIEL  R.  CHILD 
JEWELER 


Ji  MIX   X.  KAILOR 
INVENTOR 


STEWART  B.  EAR  IX 
BANKER 


WILLIAM  H.  DUXl'llV 

LAWYER 


WALTER  C.  JOXES 
I,  \\VYKR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


131 


He  then  became  interested  in  aluminum  and  pro- 
duced an  extensive  line  of  small  wares,  novelties, 
etc.  lu  1905  he  retired  from  active  business,  be- 
cause of  failing  health,  and  took  up  his  residence 
in  Providence.  While  residing  at  Swansea,  Mr. 
('liilil  was  for  several  years  active  in  politics,  serv- 
ing as  a  selectman  of  that  town  for  eight  years, 
and  also  as  representative  for  one  term  in  the 
Massachusetts  legislature.  He  was  appointed 
justice  of  the  peace  under  Gov.  B.  F.  Butler.  He 
was  a  Mason,  being  a  member  of  What  Cheer  Lodge, 
Providence,  and  Calvary  commaiidery,  Knights 
Templar.  He  was  married  Nov.  30,  1854,  to  Eliza- 
beth Mason,  daughter  of  Edwin  Barney,  of  North 
Swansea,  Mass.  There  are  four  surviving  children: 
Bessie,  wife  of  Walter  B.  Angell;  Lena,  wife  of 
Thomas  E.  Rounds;  Abby  Barnev  and  Mary 
Elizabeth  Child.  He  died  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
May  23,  1914. 

KAILOR,  John  Newton,  inventor,  was  born 
in  Frederick  county,  Md.,  Sept.  2,  1849,  son  of 
David  F.  and  Rebecca  (Michael)  Kailor.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Frederick  county, 
and  at  an  early  age  became  an  apprentice  in  the 
manufacture  of  woolens  under  the  direction  of  his 
father,  who  was  associated  with  the  textile  indus- 
try in  a  small  woolen  mill  in  western  Maryland. 
At  nineteen  he  went  to  the  Hagerstown  (Md.) 
Agricultural  Implement  Co.  to  learn  the  trade 
of  machinist,  and  upon  completing  his  appren- 
ticeship became  superintendent  of  the  wood-work- 
ing department  of  the  company.  In  1880  the 
plant  was  removed  to  Newark,  O.,  and  the  busi- 
ness reorganized  as  the.  Newark  Machine  Co.  In 
1890  he  became  identified  with  the  firm  of  Reeves 
&  Co.,  manufacturers  of  agricultural  implements, 
of  Columbus,  Ind.,  and  four  years  later  was  ap 
pointed  superintendent  of  the  Reeves  plant.  He 
had  much  to  do  with  nearly  all  of  the  inven- 
tions that  were  utilized  by  the  concern  in  the 
manufacture  of  wooden  machinery.  He  assisted 
in  developing  a  clover  huller;  he  designed  the 
company's  separator;  invented  a  feeder  and 
stacker,  and  from  time  to  time  added  improve- 
ments to  the  company 's  big  line  of  machines. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  completing  plans 
for  an  all-steel  separator  of  his  own  invention. 
When  Reeves  &•  Co.  was  sold  to  the  Emerson-Brant- 
ingham  Co.,  Mr.  Kailor  was  continued  in  his  old 
position  by  the  new  proprietors.  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  his 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  married  Dec.  5,  1872,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Protzman,  of  Hagerstown,  Md.,  and  had 
four  children:  Sallie  R.,  Nora  M.,  Joseph  P.  and 
James  D.  Kailor.  He  died  in  Columbus,  Ind.,  July 
14,  1914. 

EAKIN,  Stewart  Bates,  banker,  was  born  at 
Rutland,  Kane  co.,  111.,  Aug.  28,  1846,  son  of  Stew- 
art Bates  and  Mary  (MeEldowney)  Eakin.  His 
father,  of  Scotch  and  Irish  parentage,  came  from 
Ireland  in  1840;  in  1866  he  removed  from  Bloom, 
now  Chicago  Heights,  111.,  to  Oregon,  settling  in 
Lane  co.,  near  Eugene.  The  son  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  at  Bloom,  and  at 
twelve  became  a  clerk  in  his  father  's  store.  Dur- 
ing 1S67-70  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  mercantile  estab- 
lishment of  Peters  &  Parsons,  at  Eugene,  Ore.  For 
a  brief  period  he  engaged  independently  in  sheep 
raising  in  Lane  county,  but  subsequently  returned 
to  mercantile  pursuits  as  clerk  for  Frank  B. 
Dunn,  a  merchant  at  Eugene.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  Republican  sheriff  of  Lane  county;  was  re- 
elected  in  1876  and  again  in  1878.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Oregon  house  of  representatives  in  1882,  and 


in  1888  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  being  the 
first  Republican  senator  from  Lane  county  in 
nrarly  two  decades.  Meanwhile,  in  Iss.'l,  in  a^<>- 
ciation  with  Thomas  G.  Hendricks,  a  merchant  of 
Eugene,  for  whom  he  had  been  a  clerk  in  1880,  he 
organized  the  Hendricks  &  Eakin  Bank,  a  private 
institution,  of  which  he  was  cashier.  In  1886  they 
established  the  First  National  Bank  of  Eugene, 
with  a  capital  of  $50,000,  and  of  which  he  w_as 
likewise  cashier,  until  1899,  when  he  was  elected 
vice-president  and  continued  in  that  capacity  nn- 
til  his  death.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the  Eugene 
Water  Works  Co.,  and  he  also  had  extensive  realtv 
interests  throughout  the  state.  He  was  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  improvement  of  educational  insti- 
tutions, and  for  several  years  handled  the  funds 
of  the  University  of  Oregon.  He  was  also  regent 
of  the  Oregon  State  Xormal  School,  Monmouth. 
He  was  married  in  Lane  county,  Ore.,  Sept.  27, 
1871,  to  Eliza  J.,  daughter  of  Henry  G.  Hadley,  a 
pioneer  stock  raiser,  justice  of  the  peace  and  leyi« 
lator  of  Lane  county;  she  survives  him.  He  died 
at  Eugene,  Ore..  Feb.  14,  1912. 

DUNPHY,  William  Henry,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Aurora,  Kane  eo.,  111.,  June  29/1860,  son  of 
Robert  and  Catherine  (Rowen)  Dunphy.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  Aurora, 
and  early  in  life  entered  the  railroad  service, 
becoming  an  engineer  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
i  (,»uincy  railroad.  In  1888  he  removed  to  Tekoa, 
Wash.  He  was  appointed  by  Pres.  Cleveland  re- 
ceiver of  public  moneys  at  Walla  Walla  in 
May,  1894,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  for 
four  years.  While  in  this  office  he  devoted  himself 
assiduously  to  the  study  of  law,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in 
Ortober,  1896.  In  1S98  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Francis  A.  Garrecht,  now  a  U.  S.  attorney, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Dunphy  &  Garrecht.  In 
1907  Marvin  Evans  was  taken  into  partnership 
ami  the  firm  became  Dunphy,  Evans  &  Garrecht, 
which  ranked  among  the  best  known  in  the  state 
and  figured  in  much  of  the  important  litigation 
of  the  country.  He  Tas  a  delegate  to  practically 
every  local,  county  and  state  convention  from  the 
time  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Washington,  and 
was  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  conven- 
tions of  1892  and  1900.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Democratic  national  committee  during 
1900-04  and  again  during  1908-12.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  En- 
gineers until  his  death;  a  member  of  the  Benevo- 
lent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks  and  the  Knights 
of  Columbus.  Prior  to  removing  to  Washington 
IIP  had  been  grand  sachem  of  the  Iroquois  Club, 
< 'hie-ago.  He  was  married  at  Walla  Walla.  Wash., 
Nov.  4,  1896,  to  Mary  Helen,  daughter  of  Patrick 
Lyons,  a  farmer.  She  survives  him  with  six  chil- 
dren: Frances,  Helen,  Sabina,  Elizabeth,  Winifred 
and  Susan  Dunphy.  He  died  at  Walla  Walla, 
Wash.,  Apr.  7,  1915. 

JONES,  Walter  Clyde,  lawyer,  was  born  a' 
Pilot  Grove,  la.,  Dec.  27,  1870,  sou  of  Jonathan 
and  Sarah  (Buffington)  Jones,  both  of  Quaker 
stock.  His  father  became  a.  pioneer  farmer  in 
Lee  co.,  la.,  in  1833,  subsequently  laying  out 
the  town  of  Pilot  Grove.  The  son  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  Keokuk.  and  was  graduated  at  Iowa 
State  College,  Ames,  in  1891,  with  the  degree 
B.M.E.,  later  receiving  the  honorary  degree  of 
M.E.  from  that  institution.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  Chicago  College  of  Law  of  Lake  Forest 
University  in  1895  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that 
year  he  was  admitted  to  the  Illinois  bar,  and 


132 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago. 
In  1897  he  formed  a  partnership  with  B.  S.  Lud- 
ington,  under  the  firm  style  of  Ludiugton  &  Jones, 
continuing  in  this  relation  until  1S99.  In  associa- 
tion with  Keene  Hanvood  Addington  he  then 
established  the  firm  of  Jones  &  Addinglon,  -which 
was  subsequently  augmented  by  the  addition  of 
Robert  Lewis  Ames,  and  Arthur  B.  Seibold,  and 
is  now  Jones,  Addington,  Ames  &  Seibold,  having 
olh'ces  in  Chicago  and  New  York  city.  The  firm 
is  recognized  ;is  a  leading  authority  on  general 
and  patent  law.  Aside  from  his  legal  activities 
Mr.  Jones  is  treasurer  and  director  of  the  Ben- 
jamin Electric  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  a  director 
in  various  other  corporations.  He  is  joint  author, 
with  Keene  H.  Addington,  of  "Jones  &  Adding 
ton's  Annotated  Statutes  of  Illinois,"  and  of  the 
"  EIIC\C|M|, cilia  of  Illinois  Law,"  a  work  in  fif- 
teen volumes,  and  he  is  co-editor  (also  with  Ad- 
dington) of  "The  Appellate  Court  Reports  of  Illi- 
nois." He  is  past  president  of  the  Chicago  Electrical 
Association,  and  member  of  the  American  Society 
of  Mechanical  Engineers,  Franklin  Institute, 
American  Bar  Association,  Illinois  Bar  Associa- 
tion, Chicago  Bar  Association,  and  of  the  South 
Shore,  Union  League,  University,  Hamilton,  City, 
Press,  Quadrangle  and  Flossmoor  clubs,  Chicago; 
Lawyers'  Club,  New  York  city,  and  the  Cosmos 
Club,  Washington.  He  has  long  been  prominent 
in  Republican  politics  in  his  adopted  city  and 
state.  In  1906  he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state 
senate  from  the  Hyde  Park  (5th)  district,  and 
re-elected  in  1910  for  a  second  term  of  four  years. 
In  1907-09  he  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  char- 
ter convention.  In  the  special  session  of  the  state 
legislature,  in  1908,  he  introduced  and  led  the  fight 
for  the  first  direct  primary  law  in  Illinois.  He 
was  also  the  author  and,  after  a  hard  fight,  secured 
the  enactment  of  a  law  providing  a  ten-hour  work- 
ing day  for  women.  In  the  session  of  1909  he  was 
the  leading  spirit  in  the  movement  to  dethrone  the 
so-called  senate  combine,  an  organization  which  had 
maintained  the  control  of  the  senate  for  a  genera- 
tion. By  means  of  rules  requiring  unanimous  con- 
sent or  the  suspension  of  the  rules  by  two-thirds 
vote  this  organization  had  been  able  to  control  all 
legislation.  The  fight  was  based  upon  a  platform 
for  the  reform  of  the  rules  to  provide  for  ma- 
jority control  of  legislation;  it  was  successful,  and 
the  senate  rules  were  rewritten.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Republican  steering  committee  and  floor 
leader  in  1909,  1910  and  1911.  In  the  session  of 
1911  a  fight  was  also  made  for  a  further  revision 
of  the  rules  to  provide  that  the  power  of  appoint- 
ing all  select,  joint  and  conference  committees 
should  be  taken  from  the  lieutenant-governor  ami 
reposed  in  a  committee  of  the  senate.  This  revi- 
sion of  the  rules  was  adopted,  the  new  committee 
which  has  the  power  of  appointment  was  created 
and  known  as  the  executive  committee,  and  he  was 
appointed  its  chairman.  He  was  active  in  the 
passage  of  the  state,  Cook  county,  and  park  civil 
service  laws.  He  was  chairman  of  the  senate  com- 
mittee which  investigated  the  working  of  the  Cook 
county  civil  service  laws  as  administered  by  the 
Bartzen  administration,  and  he  was  author  of 
various  amendments  recommended  by  the  senate 
committee  as  the  result  of  these  investigations. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  horseback  riding, 
golf  anil  travel.  He  was  married  June  3,  1896,  to 
Emma  Helen,  daughter  of  William  O.  Boyd,  of 
Paulina;  they  have  three  children:  Walter  Clyde, 
.Ir.,  Helen  Gwendolyn  and  Clarence  Boyd  Jones. 

FLIEDNER,  William,  capitalist,  was  born  at 
Flonheim,  Rhenish  Prussia,  June  18,  1832,  son  of 


Michael  John  and  Anna  (Brown)  Fliedner,  and 
grandson  of  William  Fliedner,  a  clergyman  of  the 
German  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  gymnasium  in  his  native  coun- 
try, and  accompanied  his  brother,  George  Fliedner, 
to  the  United  States  in  1849,  settling  on  a  farm 
near  Cleveland,  O.,  his  parents  following  later. 
Learning  the  barber 's  trade  with  his  brother  in 
New  York  city,  he  served  as  a  journeyman  barber 
in  that  city  and  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Memphis, 
Trim.,  ami  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  lost  his 
savings  in  the  failure  of  a  bank  in  California  and 
thereafter  turned  to  mining  operations  in  Cala- 
veras,  Amador  ami  Trinity  counties,  and  in  the 
Fraser  river  district  of  British  Columbia.  Meet- 
ing with  little  success  he  returned  to  his  trade  and 
for  fourteen  years  conducted  a  shop  at  Corvallis, 
Ore.,  where  he  likewise  engaged  in  mercantile  af- 
fairs. A  fire  caused  another  financial  loss  and  he 
then  removed  to  Portland,  Ore.  While  continuing 
at  his  trade,  he  became  owner  of  a  Polk  county 
1'a  mi  and  gradually  turned  his  attention  to  real 
estate  transactions.  The  success  of  this  new  busi- 
ness placed  him  among  the  men  of  affluence  of  his 
adopted  city  and  he  finally  gave  all  his  time  to  real 
estate  transactions.  With  Edward  Holman  he 
built  the  Washington  building  in  Portland  in  18 — , 
wind,  was  later  sold  for  $200,000.  Subsequently 
he  erected  the  Kliedner  building.  He  acquired  ex- 
tensive land  interests  throughout  northwestern 
Oregon  and  became  one  of  the  leading  factors  in 
the  development  of  the  Northwest.  His  public 
service  included  nine  years'  connection  with  the 
city  council,  during  which  his  official  prerogative 
was  exercised  in  support  of  many  progressive  move- 
ments that  have  benefited  Portland  in  substantial 
measure.  He  served  three  years  as  a  member  of 
the  fire  executive  board  and  was  for  twelve  years  a 
fire  commissioner  under  three  administrations.  He 
was  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the 
Oregon  Pioneer  Association.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party.  Mr.  Flied- 
ner was  wise  in  counsel,  efficient  in  execution,  and 
was  known  as  a  man  who  did  things.  What  he 
set  out  to  do  he  did  with  his  might,  and  he  never 
permitted  obstacles  to  stand  in  the  way.  He  was 
evicting  in  business  but  generous  in  his  friend- 
ships, and  the  lesson  of  his  life  is  one  that  others 
will  do  well  to  mark  and  appreciate.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  2,  1861,  to  Chloe,  daughter  of  Ephraim 
Norton,  a  cooper,  of  Corvallis,  Ore.  She  died  in 
1909,  leaving  three  children:  Emma,  wife  of  Hugh 
M.  Glen  of  Portland;  Gertrude,  wife  of  Fred  J. 
Haines  of  Portland,  ami  W.  Louis  Fliedner,  lawyer, 
of  Portland.  He  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  June 
14,  1914. 

CURRY,  Nathaniel,  manufacturer,  was  born 
at  Port  William,  Kings  county,  Nova  Scotia,  Mar. 
26,  1JS51,  son  of  Charles  and  Eunice  (Davidson) 
Curry,  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish  descent.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  began  his 
business  career  in  1S71  as  a  contractor  in  Boston, 
M;iss.  A  year  later  he  became  connected  with  the 
Virginia  and  Truckee  railway,  being  stationed 
at  Carson  City  and  Virginia  City,  Nev.  Return- 
ing to  Amherst,  he  assisted  in  establishing  the 
Rhodes-Curry  Co.,  Ltd.,  manufacturers  of  railroad . 
cars,  which  became  one  of  the  best-known  con- 
cerns in  its  particular  field.  In  1902  it  was  in- 
corporated with  Mr.  Curry  as  president  and  general 
manager,  and  its  manufacturing  plant  was  greatly 
extended.  The  possibilities  of  the  lumber  business 
had  meanwhile  attracted  his  attention,  and  in  1899 
he  took  part  in  the  organization  of  the  Sheet 
Harbor  Lumber  Co.,  with  the  title  of  managing 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


133 


director.  Thereafter  Mr.  Curry  rapidly  became 
a  prominent  figure  in  the  most  noted  industries 
of  Canada.  He  became  interested  in  a  number  of 
lumber  companies  and  in  1909  he  founded  and 
became  president  of  the  Canadian  Car  and 
Foundry  Co.  It  was  formed  by  the  combination 
of  the  Dominion  Car  Co.  and  the  Canada  Car  Co., 
with  a  capitalization  of  $12,500,000.  Its  shops  and 
foundries  at  Montreal,  Amherst  and  Fort  William 
employ  (5,000  hands,  ami  turn  out  the  greater  part 
of  freight  and  passenger  cars  used  on  Canadian 
railways,  and  its  export  business  is  also  an  im' 
portant  department.  When,  in  1911,  the  Montreal 
Steel  Works  and  the  Ontario  Iron  and  Steel  Co. 
were  coinliined  in  a  new  company  called  the  Cana- 
dian Steel  Foundries,  Mr.  Curry  was  made  presi- 
dent. He  is  directing  head  of  the  Pratt  &  Letch- 
worth  Co.,  Rhodes-Curry  Co.,  the  Canada  Rolling 
Stock  Co..  and  he  is  a  director  of  the  Bank  of 
Nova  Scotia,  the  Montreal  Trust  Co.,  the  Canadian 
Light  and  Power  Co.,  the  North  American  Col- 
liers and  many  other  corporations.  In  1894  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Amherst,  serving  three  terms, 
and  in  1912  he  was  sent  to  the  upper  house  of 
the  Canadian  parliament  where  .  he  has  been  a 
leader  in  the  affairs  which  have  come  before  that 
body  for  consideration.  He  removed  his  residence 
from  Amherst  to  Montreal  in  1910.  He  is  a  life 
governor  of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital,  and 
is  also  interested  in  numerous  other  charitable, 
educational  and  philanthropic  institutions,  having 
contributed  $100,0(10  to  Acadia  University; 
$25,000  to  McGill  University  and  $5,000  to  Dal- 
housie  University.  In  1911  he  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  the  Canadian  Manufacturers'  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1912  president.  Sen.  Curry  is  one 
of  the  dominant  figures  in  the  industrial  and  politi- 
cal life  of  Canada,  and  has  been  a  distinct  force 
in  shaping  the  development  which  has  distin- 
guished the  recent  history  of  the  Dominion. 
Besides  being  identified  with  the  principal  civic 
and  commercial  organizations  he  is  a  member  of 
the  Mount  Royal,  St.  James,  the  Hunt  and  Mont- 
real clubs  of  Montreal;  the  Marshlands  Club,  of 
Amherst ;  the  National  and  Albany  clubs  of 
Toronto;  the  Rideau  and  Country  clubs  of  Ottawa, 
and  the  Halifax  Club  of  Halifax,  N.  8.  He  was 
married.  Sept.  17,  1881,  to  Mary  H.,  daughter  of 
David  Hall,  of  Annapolis  county,  N.  S.,  and  had 
five  sons:  Capt.  A'ictor  Garnet,  who  served  in  the 
war  with  Germany,  and  was  invalided  home  one 
year  later;  Eric  Morris,  of  Nova  Scotia:  Capt. 
Leon  Hall — also  in  the  war  with  Germany  and 
killed  in  Flanders  in  1915;  Cecil  Ivan  (deceased), 
and  Nathaniel  Rennie  Curry,  of  Montreal. 

COCHKANE,  Henry  Clay,  marine  officer,  was 
born  at  Chester,  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1S42,  son  of  James 
Leiper  and  Sarah  J.  (Gillespie)  Cochrane,  and 
grandson  of  Alexander  Cochrane,  who  came  from 
Strathaven,  Scotland,  about  1800,  and  settled  in 
southeastern  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a 
farmer  and  drover.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  Chester,  and  at  Friends' 
Central  School,  Philadelphia.  At  sixteen  he  began 
teaching  school  and  upon  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  was  one  of  the  first  to  offer 
his  services.  He  was  examined  and  passed 
for  a  lieutenancy  in  the  marine  corps,  but 
being  under  the  required  age  he  served  instead 
in  the  volunteer  navy  as  acting  master 's  mate 
under  Admls.  Goldsborough,  Dupont  and  Farragut. 
He  participated  in  a  number  of  battles,  captures 
and  expeditions,  and  was  commended  for  coolness 
and  courage  in  action  with  the  Confederate  shore 
batteries  near  Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay.  In  1863 


he  was  appointed  2d  lieutenant,  U.  S.  marine  corps. 
He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Port  Royal  on  his 
nineteenth  birthday,  and  remained  in  the  service 
after  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1864  he  was  sent 
by  Adml.  Porter  on  an  expedition  to  suppress 
smuggling  of  contraband  goods  into  Kentucky,  and 
succeeded  in  recapturing  escaped  desperadoes  who 
weic  under  sentence  of  court-martial.  He  was 
commended  for  ''remarkable  service"  and  "great 
courage  and  energy. ' '  He  was  promoted  1st  lieu- 
tenant in  1865,  and  for  three  months  in  1866  was 
in  charge  of  Adml.  Raphael  Seinmes  (q.v.),  a  Con- 
federate prisoner  of  war.  In  December,  1866,  he 
took  a  company  of  marines  at  midnight  to  the 
burning  man-of-war  New  Ironsides,  and  led 
the  firemen  over  the  side  twice  in  efforts  to  save 
the  ship.  While  on  duty  on  the  receiving  ships 
Constellation  and  Potomac,  in  Philadelphia,  he 
was  commended  by  the  commandant  of  the  ma- 
rine corps  for  fidelity  to  duty  during  the  epidemic 
of  Asiatic  cholera,  in  1867.  He  was  made  a  cap- 
tain in  1879.  Throughout  a  period  of  two  score 
years  he  served  at  the  IT.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
Annapolis;  Naval  War  College,  Newport,  and  at 
every  navy  yard  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts, 
llr  also  saw  service  in  Alaska,  Honolulu,  Mexico, 
Central  and  South  America,  the  West  Indies,  Eu- 
rope, Africa,  China  and  the  Philippines.  He  spent 
fifteen  years  at  sea,  cruising  in  ships  from  the  old 
sailing  vessel  Jamestown  to  the  then  modern 
flagship  Philadelphia.  He  was  present  at  the 
bombardment  of  Alexandria,  Egypt,  by  the  British 
fleet,  in  1882,  and  landed,  with  marines,  to  assist 
in  suppressing  arson  and  pillage  and  to  reestab- 
lish the  U.  S.  consulate.  In  LS85  he  commanded 
an  expedition  from  New  York  to  restore  order  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  protect  transit.  He 
attended  the  coronation  of  Czar  Alexander  III,  in 
Moscow,  and  he  was  decorated  with  the  cross  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor  of  France  by  Pres.  Caruot 
for  services  at  the  Universal  Exposition,  Paris,  in 
1889,  where  he  commanded  a  detachment.  During 
the  joint  celebration  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States  and  the  proclamation  of  the  republic 
of  Hawaii,  at  Honolulu,  in  !Sii4,  he  was  orator. 
He  became  a  major  in  1898;  a  lieutenant  colonel 
in  1899,  and  colonel  in  1900.  He  was  the  second 
in  command  of  the  first  marine  battalion  which 
left  New  York  on  the  transport  Panther  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war,  and  was  in 
the  three  days '  engagement  of  the  marines  with 
the  Spanish  regulars  and  guerillas  at  Guanta- 
namo;  was  present  at  the  bnmbardmeut  of  Man- 
zanillo,  and  subsequently  was  detailed  as  governor 
of  that  city.  He  was  sent  to  China  in  1900  when 
the  foreign  legions  were  besieging  Pekin,  in  which 
campaign  his  regiment  lost  a  captain  and  some 
thirty  men.  Later  he  was  on  duty  in  the  Philip- 
pines, where  he  organized  and  commanded  the  1st 
brigade  of  marines.  He  was  then  appointed  dis- 
trict commander  of  the  Peninsular  of  Cavite.  In 
1905  he  was  made  brigadier  general,  and  on  the 
same  day  was  retired  on  his  own  application,  after 
forty-three  years '  service.  He  then  engaged  in  the 
real  estate  business  at  Chester.  He  gave  himself 
unstintedly  to  the  public  service  in  his  native  town; 
was  president  of  the  Chester  board  of  trade,  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Chester  Hos-. 
pital;  member  of  the  civic-  advancement  commis- 
sion, and  active  in  the  work  of  the  Chester  chil- 
dren's playgrounds  association.  He  was  senior 
vice  commander  of  the  Pennsylvania  commandery, 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  member 
also  of  the  Military  Order  of  Foreign  Wars,  Order 
of  the  Dragon,  Army  and  Navy  Union,  Grand 


134 


THK     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Army  of  the  Republic,  and  of  many  other  societies, 
associations  and  clubs.  He  was  fond  of  study  and 
travel,  and  was  known  as  a  lecturer.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  the  Pensacola  navy  yard,  Fla.,  June  30, 
1887,  to  Elizabeth  Fergus'on,  daughter  of  Capt. 
Edward  Phelps  Lull,  U.  S.  N.,  then  commandant 
of  that  yard;  she  survives  him,  with  two  children: 
Constance,  an  artist,  and  Edward  Lull  Cochraue, 
naval  constructor,  U.  S.  N.  He  died  at  Chester, 
Pa.,  Apr.  27,  1913. 

THORN",  Samuel  Spring-ate,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Utiea,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  22,  1831, 
son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Ann  (Bennett)  Thorn. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Brenchley,  K-_>iit,  Eny;..  was 
a  manufacturer.  The  son  received  his  preparatory 
education  at  the  old  French  Academy,  Utica,  and 
a  private  school  conducted  by  Prof.  Williams, 
being  graduated  M.D.  at  New  York  University 
in  1854  and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  In  1856-fiO  he 
practiced  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  removing  to  Toledo, 
O.,  in  I860.  He  served  as  major  surgeon  in  the 
130th  O.  Vol.  Inf.,  in  1864-65,  and  after  the  war 
became  prominent  in  medical  educational  work  and 
as  a  railway  surgeon.  For  years  he  was  dean  of  the 
Northwestern  Ohio  Medical  College,  Toledo.  He 
was  surgeon  at  Toledo  for  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Co. ;  chief  surgeon  of  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis 
&  Western  Railroad  Co.,  and  surgeon  for  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Jackson  &  Mackinac  Railroad  Co.,  Wheel- 
ing &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Co.,  Michigan  Central 
Railroad  Co.,  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Railway  Co., 
and  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  &  North  Michigan 
Railroad  Co.  Also  for  many  years  he  was  physi- 
cian on  the  staffs  of  St.  Vincent  and  Toledo 
hospitals.  He  was  vice-president  in  1891-92,  and 
president  in  1893—94,  of  the  International  Associa- 
tion of  Railway  Surgeons,  which  was  formed  at 
the  suggestion  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Wabash 
roads  in  1887,  and  was  first  known  as  the  Amer- 
ican Association  of  Railway  Surgeons,  later  as 
the  National  Association  of  Railway  Surgeons,  and 
afterwards  by  its  present  title.  He  was  a  fellow 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  a 
member  also  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  Lucas  County  Med- 
ical Society,  Northwestern  Ohio  Medical  Society, 
Association  of  Railroad  Surgeons  to  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Lines,  and  the  Toledo  Medical  Academy. 
He  also  held  membership  in  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic.  He  was  a  communicant  of  Trinity 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  took  a  keen  in- 
terest in  religious  welfare  and  charitable  work. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  was  a  man  loyal  to  his  convictions,  to 
his  friends  and  to  every  trust  reposed  in  him.  His 
unfailing  courtesy  and  consideration  towards 
others,  his  untiring  industry  and  his  high-minded 
reserve  were  but  the  outward  manifestations  of 
character  in  him.  He  was  married  Oct.  15,  1856, 
to  Fannie,  daughter  of  Peleg  B.  Peckham,  of  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y. ;  she,  died  in  1896.  They  had  six 
children,  three  of  whom  survive:  Anna  Louise, 
Laura,  and  Alice  Margaret  Thorn,  all  of  Toledo. 
He  died  at  Toledo,  O.,  Apr.  13,  1916. 

McPHERSON,  William,  Jr.,  banker,  was 
born  near  Inverness,  Scotland,  Mar.  9,  1834,  son 
of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Riddle)  McPherson, 
and  came  with  them  to  America  in  1836,  settling 
at  Livingston  Center,  now  Howe]],  Livingston  co., 
Mich.  His  father,  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  founded 
the  general  store  at  Howe]],  which,  for  more  than 
sixty  years,  was  conducted  under  the  family  name. 
He  was  a  factor  in  the  building  of  the  old  Detroit, 
Howell  &  Lansing  Railroad,  afterward  known  aa 


the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern,  and  now  a  part 
of  the  Pere  Marquette  system,  and  on  the  organi- 
zation of  the  road  he  became  director  and  treas- 
urer. William  McPherson,  Jr.,  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  and  assisted  his  father 
in  the  store.  In  1856  he  became  associated  with 
his  father  in  the  mercantile  business  under  the 
h'rm  name  of  William  McPherson  &  Co.,  which  the 
following  year  became  William  McPherson  &  Sous, 
under  which  name  it  was  continued.  By  1884 
his  private  interests  had  so  increased  that  he 
found  it  necessary  to  retire  from  the  firm.  He 
became  the  owner  of  much  real  estate  and  of  pine 
and  hardwood  lands  in  northern  Michigan,  Missis- 
sippi and  Louisiana  and  later  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
In  1890  a  brother,  Alexander  McPherson,  after- 
wards president  of  the  Detroit  Trust  Co.,  moved 
to  Detroit  to  assume  the  presidency  of  the  Detroit 
National  Bank,  and  at  the  same  time  the  subject 
became  manager  of  the  banking  house  of  Alex- 
ander McPherson  &  Co.,  at  Howell,  where  he  made 
his  residence  until  his  death.  He  had  long  been 
a  factor  in  Republican  politics  and  was  delegate 
to  the  national  conventions  of  1888,  1896  and  1900, 
being  delegate-at-large  to  the  latter,  and  he  was 
in  attendance  at  numerous  state  conventions  of 
his  party.  Gov.  Alger  appointed  him  state  rail- 
road commissioner,  and  during  1896—1907  he  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Michigan  Industrial 
School  for  Boys.  His  religious  affiliation  was 
with  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  unassum- 
ing in  personalty,  and  there  was  in  him  a  sim- 
plicity, an  utter  absence  of  guile  which  won  the 
high  esteem  of  all  who  came  within  his  sphere  of 
influence.  He  was  married  Apr.  12,  1859,  to 
Jennie  M.,  daughter  of  Jabez  Ranney,  a  merchant 
of  Rochester;  she  died  in  1905.  There  are  three 
surviving  children:  Alice  R.,  the  wife  of  Dr.  Wil- 
liam C.  Spencer;  R.  Bruce  and  Mary  B.,  wife  of 
Jay  W.  Bigelow,  of  Easton,  Md.  He  died  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Jan.  3,  1915. 

WALKER,  Albert  Henry,  lawyer  and  legal 
author,  was  born  in  Fairfax,  Vt.,  Nov.  25,  1844, 
son  of  Sawyer  and  Melinda  (Uile)  Walker,  of 
English  descent.  The  first  of  his  family  in  Amer- 
ica was  Philip  Walker,  whose  wife  was  Jane  But- 
terworth,  and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Philip,  who  married  Mary  Bowen;  their 
sou  Daniel,  who  married  Mary  Perry;  their  son 
Gideon,  who  married  Rachel  Foster;  their  son 
Jesse,  who  married  Prudence  Sawyer,  and  their 
son  Sawyer,  the  father  of  Albert  H.  Walker.  He 
received  a  public  school  education,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  the  law  department  of  Northwestern 
University  in  1S77  with  the  degree  of  LL.B., 
winning  a  prize  for  the  best  legal  writing.  He 
began  practice  in  Chicago,  111.,  but  in  1879  located 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1897  he  removed  to  New 
York  city,  where  he  resumed  his  practice  and 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  made  a  specialty 
of  patent  litigations  and  constitutional  law.  He 
argued  many  cases  in  the  U.  S.  supreme  court, 
in  the  TJ.  S.  circuit  court  in  twenty-two  states 
of  the  Union,  and  also  conducted  litigation  in 
more  than  thirty-six  states.  He  was  the  author 
of  "Walker  on  Patents"  (1883),'  which  has 
passed  through  five  editions,  and  which  has  long 
been  the  recognized  text-book  on  patent  law,  and 
has  even  been  cited  as  authority  in  Australia, 
China,  Japan  and  European  countries.  It  is  said 
to  be  used  in  Federal  courts  more  than  any  other 
text-book  on  the  subject.  He  also  was  author  of 
the  "History  of  the  Sherman  Law"  (1910).  In 
1889-1905  he  was  a  non-resident  lecturer  on  pat- 
ent law  at  Cornell  University,  and  at  the  Uni- 


HENRY  C.  COCHRANE 
NAVAL  OFFICER 


SAMUEL  S.  THORN 

PHYSICIAN   AND   SURGEON 


\YILLIAM   MrPHERSON,  JR. 
BANKER 


ALI'.F.RT  II.  WALKER 
LAWYER 


WILLIAM  A.  BURRITT 

LAWYER 


FRAXK  THURLO 
ARTIST 


CLIXTON  KELLY 
CLERGYMAN- 


W.  WHITE 
PHYSICIAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


135 


versity  of  Michigan  during  1896-1913.  Mr. 
Walker  was  an  Independent  in  politics,  and  in 
1891-92  represented  Hartford  in  the  Connecticut 
legislature.  He  was  a  deep  student  of  the  Bible 
and  compiled  an  edition  of  the  sayings  and  dis- 
courses of  Jesus  Christ  separate  from  all  other 
matter,  systematically  classified  and  arranged  ac- 
cording to  subjects  and  relations,  which  was  pub- 
lished in  1881  and  a  second  edition  in  1911.  He 
was  married  Sept.  16,  1S74,  to  Esther,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Sayles,  of  Chicago,  111.,  a  descendant 
of  Roger  Williams  (q.  v.),  and  died  in  New  York 
city,  Aug.  HI,  1915. 

BURRITT,  William  Alonzo,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Riley  township,  Clinton  co.,  July  10,  1853, 
son  of  William  B.  and  Charlotte  B.  (Deming) 
Burritt,  and  grandson  of  Talcott  Burritt,  a  native 
of  Great  Britain,  who  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  parents  when  a  young  lad.  William  A. 
Burritt 's  education  was  very  meagre  and  he  had 
but  little  when  he  began  reading  law.  He  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  his  early  man- 
hood but  his  inclinations  were  toward  a  profes- 
sional career.  He  therefore  spent  his  leisure  hours 
in  studying  the  writings  of  Blaekstone,  Kent  and 
Coke,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine  entered  the 
law  office  of  H.  J.  Patterson,  being  admitted  to 
the  Michigan  bar  in  February,  1885.  He  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Clinton  county, 
where  he  remained  until  the  following  spring, 
then  settled  in  Harrison,  Claire  CO.,  later  at  Sag- 
inaw,  Mich.,  and  Hammond,  Ind.,  and  finally  at 
Hancock,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law  until  his  death.  Prior  to  settling  in 
Sa.ginaw,  he  served  Claire  county  for  four  terms 
as  prosecuting  attorney.  His  son,  Barney  H.  T. 
Burritt,  was  associated  with  him  under  the  firm 
name  of  Burritt  &  Burritt,  which  was  one  of  the 
strongest  legal  firms  in  thnt  part  of  Michigan. 
During  the  many  years  of  his  practice  in  the  state 
of  Michigan  he  defended  forty-two  persons 
charged  with  murder  in  the  first  degree  and  of  this 
number  all  but  two  were  acquitted.  In  politics  he 
was  a  Democrat  until  1912,  when  he  joined  the 
National  Progressive  party.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Calumet  Lodge  No.  345,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Ham- 
mond, Ind.;  the  Hancock  Encampement;  and 
Chassell  Lodge  No.  886,  K.  O.  T.  M.  M.  He  was 
married  May  3,  1873,  to  Ella  J.,  daughter  of 
Henry  Jones,  of  Clinton  county,  Mich,,  who  sur- 
vives him  with  three  children:  Fred  W.,  Barney 
H.  T.  and  Eva  May,  wife  of  James  Geddes. 
He  died  at  Hancock,  Mich.,  Aug.  15,  1916. 

THTJRLO,  Frank  [Francis],  artist,  was  bora 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Sept.  13,  1838,  son  of 
Moody  and  Ann  (Little")  Thurlo,  and  a  descendant 
of  Richard  Thurlo,  a  native  of  England,  who  held 
land  in  Rowley,  Mass.,  in  1634,  moving  to  New- 
bury  in  1651;  from  him  and  his  wife  Jane  — 
the  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Francis 
and  his  wife  Ann  Morse;  their  son  Jonathan  and 
his  wife  Mary  Merril;  their  sou- John  and  his  wife 
Mary  Thurlo,  who  lived  to  the  age  of  106;  their 
son  Abraham,  who  fought  for  seven  years  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife  Lydia  Boynton; 
and  their  son  Paul  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Adams, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Frank  Thurlo. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Brown  High  School,  New- 
buryport, and  subsequently  achieved  a  wide  repu- 
tation as  a  landscape  artist  through  his  water- 
color  paintings  of  scenery  in  the  Northeastern 
part  of  Essex  Bounty.  His  favorite  sub- 
jects were  Plum  Island  river  and  its  marshes, 
the  sand-dunes  of  Plum  Island  and  Salisbury 
and  Hamnton  beaches.  He  was  a  constant  stu- 


dent of  nature,  and  the  only  pleasure  in  which  he 
indulged  outside  his  family  was  his  walks  or 
drives  in  the  woods  and  fields.  He  was  deeply 
interested  in  bird  lore,  and  knew  the  calls  and 
names  of  all  the  New  England  birds;  he  was  also 
keenly  interested  in  gunning  and  was  a  dog- 
fancier,  having  owned  several  valuable  game  dogs. 
He  was  a  member  of  no  clubs  or  societies,  finding 
his  most  enduring  satisfaction  in  the  joys  of 
home.  Of  a  quiet  nature,  he  possessed  many  win- 
ning characteristics,  and  always  regarded  an  op- 
portunity to  do  a  good  deed  as  a  privilege  rather 
than  a  duty.  He  was  married  Jan.  16,  1863,  to 
Philene  Otis,  daughter  of  Roden  Frederick  Loud, 
master  mariner  of  Nova  Scotia;  the  children  of 
this  union  were:  Daisy  Mabel,  Thomas,  Margaret 
Millie,  and  Georgia  Elbridge,  wife  of  Alexander 
Guy  Caldwell,  all  now  deceased.  Mr.  Thurlo  died 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Dec.  25,  1913. 

KELLY,  Clinton,  clergyman  and  farmer,  was 
born  at  Clifty  Creek,  near  Somerset,  Ky.,  June  15, 
]^i\  son  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Canada)  Kelly. 
His  great  grandfather,  —  -  Kelly,  came  to  this 
country  from  county  Galway,  Ireland,  about  1720, 
after  the  battle  of  Aughrim,  which  was  fought  on 
Kelly  soil,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  his 
son  Thomas,  who  married  Peggy  Biles,  served  in 
the  Continental  Army,  in  Capt.  Moore  Fauntleroy's 
company  of  light  dragoons,  in  the  command  of 
Col.  Stephen  Moylan ;  his  son  Samuel,  father  of 
our  subject,  was  a  builder  and  owner  of  powder 
and  grist  mills,  and  also  manufactured  their 
products.  Clinton  Kelly,  having  received  but  a  lit- 
tle education,  and  cherishing  a  desire  to  become  a 
clergyman,  began  to  prepare  himself  by  reading 
such  theslogical  literature  as  he  could  secure.  At 
the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Methodist  church,  remaining  in  this  relation  un- 
til 1S44,  then  continuing  with  the  Southern  branch. 
Later  he  removed  to  Oregon  City,  Ore.,  and  in 
1849  engaged  in  farming.  As  a  clergyman  he  im- 
pressed his  congregations  everywhere  with  his  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  Bible.  He  never  had 
difficulty  in  retaining  the  attention  of  his  listeners 
while  delivering  his  sermons,  all  of  which  were 
very  instructive  as  well  as  interesting,  and  he  also 
wrote  voluminous  sermons  for  publication.  Mr. 
Kelly  was  thrice  married:  (1)  in  1827,  to  Mary 
Baston,  who  died  in  1834;  (2)  in  1835,  to  Jane 
Burns,  who  died  in  1838,  and  (3)  in  1840,  to 
Moriah  Maiden,  daughter  of  John  Crain,  a  farmer, 
of  Pitman  Creek,  near  Somerset,  Ky.  His  surviv- 
ing children  are:  Plympton,  Hampton,  Arehon, 
Mary  Jane,  wife  of  James  Akin;  Sarah  M.,  wife 
of  Wm.  J.  Kern;  Laura  F.,  wife  of  Enoch  Turner; 
Penumbra,  a  deputy  sheriff  of  Portland,  Ore.; 
Kmily  M.,  widow  of  John  Shaver;  Frederika  B.F 
wife  of  Rev.  Martin  Judy  of  Antioch,  Cal.,  and 
Richmond  Kelly,  a  physician  of  Portland.  Clinton 
Kelly  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  June  19,  1875. 

WHITE,  James  William,  physician,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1850,  son  of  James 
William  and  Mary  Ann  (McClaranan)  White,  and 
a  descendant  of  Henry  White,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England,  and  settled  in  Virginia  in 
1659;  from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  son  Henry  and  his  wife  Mary — 

;  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife  Rebecca 

Newby;  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
— ;  their  son  James  and  his  wife 
Mary  Rose;  and  their  son  William  Rose  and  his 
wife  Mary  Stockton,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  James  William  White.  Another  of  our  subject's 
early  ancestors  was  Richard  Stockton,  a  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  James  William 


136 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


White,  Sr.,  a  physician,  was  well-known  in  Phila- 
delphia as  a  successful  business  man,  first  presi- 
dent of  the  S.  S.  White  Dental  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  an  active  worker  during  the  civil  war 
in  the  Sanitary  Fair,  manager  of  the  People's 
Literary  Institute,  founder  of  the  Maternity  Hos- 
pital of  Philadelphia,  and  first  president  of  the 
Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections  in  that  city. 
The  son  was  educated  in  the  Quaker  and  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia  and  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1^71, 
receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  the  same  year.  He 
immediately  joined  the  celebrated  Hassler  scientific 
and  exploring  expedition  to  South  America  and 
the  Galapagos  Islands,  as  a  member  of  the  per- 
sonal staff  of  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz,  and  was  absent 
thirteen  months.  Upon  his  return  he  became  resi- 
dent, physician  at  the  Philadelphia  Hospital  and 
at  the  Eastern  State  Penitentiary,  where  he  subse- 
quently became  inspector.  He  was  also  surgeon  to 
the  Philadelphia  German  and  University  hospitals 
and  to  the  First  Troop  of  Philadelphia  city  cav- 
alry. In  1890  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
genito-urinary  surgery,  then  professor  of  clinical 
surgery  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
1900  was  made  John  Rhea  Barton  professor  of 
surgery.  Later  he  became  emeritus  professor  of 
surgery  and  trustee  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania;' was  surgeon  of  the  University  Hospital; 
consulting  surgeon  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Jewish 
hospitals ;  advisory  surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Co.;  commissioner  of  Fairmont  Park; 
and  member  of  the  American  Surgical  Association; 
American  Genito-Urinary  Association  (former 
president)  ;  and  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Physicians.  For  two  terms  he  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  visitors  to  West  Point,  and  was  also  a 
director  of  the  Western  Savings  Fund  Society.  He 
contributed  numerous  papers  to  medical  literature, 
and  was  the  author  or  joint  author  of  various 
text-books  on  surgical  subjects:  "Cornil  on  Syphi- 
lis," Simes  and  White  (1875);  "American  Text- 
Book  of  Surgery,"  Keen  and  White  (1896)  ; 
"Genito-Urinnry  Surgery,"  White  and  Martin 
(1S97)  ;  "Human  Anatomy,"  Piersol  (1906)  ;  and 
was  one  of  the  editors  of  "Annals  of  Surgery." 
In  1915  he  published  a  pamphlet  entitled,  "A 
Text  Book  of  the  War  for  Americans,"  in  response 
to  the  demand  for  a  brief  yet  informative  review 
of  the  conditions  which  surround  and  have  gov- 
erned the  progress  of  the  present  European  war. 
For  his  distinguished  services  in  surgery  the  Uni- 
versity of  Aberdeen  conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  in  1906.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Rit- 
tenhouse,  Corinthian  Yacht,  Country  (Philadel- 
phia), Reform,  Royal  Automobile  (London), 
Franklin  Inn,  Franklin  Chess,  University  Barge, 
Army  and  Navy,  Mahogany  Tree,  The  Triplets, 
"The  Kinsmen"  and  Swiss  and  American  Alpine 
clubs;  and  had  always  been  prominently  identified 
with  college  athletics.  His  favorite  recreations 
were  mountain  climbing,  horseback  riding,  golf, 
etc.  He  was  married  June  21,  1S8S,  to  Letitia, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Hartley  Brown,  a  merchant 
of  Philadelphia,  T'a..  and  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Apr.  24,  1916. 

GRANBEKG,  Henry  Olson,  mining  promoter 
and  organizer,  was  born  at  Solor,  Norway,  Oct. 
27,  1860,  son  of  Ole  O.  and  Helena  (Larson) 
Granberg.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
in  1868,  settling  near  Blair,  in  the  Trempealeau 
valley  of  Wisconsin,  where  his  father  took  up  a 
homestead  claim  and  developed  an  estate  of  more 
than  two  hundred  acres.  Henry  Olson  Granberg 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Trempealeau 


county,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  obtained  em- 
ployment with  the  Green  Bay  and  Western  Rail- 
road. In  1888  he  accepted  a  position  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  in  Montana,  but  re- 
turned to  Wisconsin  in  1891,  where  he  was  for 
seven  years  roadmaster  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  with  division  headquarters  at  Oshkosh. 
Thereafter,  and  until  1902,  he  held  a  like  position 
in  the  service  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Co. 
Meanwhile,  in  1901,  he  had  begun  operations  in 
connection  with  the  promotion  and  development 
of  mining  properties,  gold,  silver  and  copper,  in 
Wyoming.  He  organized  the  Stemp  Springs  Coal 
&  Power  Co.,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
Wyoming  in  1905,  and  the  Halm's  Peak  Gold 
Mining  &  Milling  Co.,  which  received  a  charter 
from  the  state  of  Colorado  in  1906.  Both  of 
these  corporations  have  been  constantly  in  suc- 
cessful operation  under  the  strongest  capitalistic 
and  managerial  control,  the  first  named  owning 
two  producing  copper  mines  and  nearly  a  thou- 
sand acres  of  patented  coal  land,  the  coal  mining 
operations  having  been  instituted  in  1905;  the 
second  company,  of  which  he  has  been  president 
since  1915,  is  capitalized  at  $1,000,000,  and 
with  producing  mines  of  great  wealth,  has  twenty- 
five  patented  claims,  and  operates  a  concentrating 
mill  with  a  daily  capacity  of  400  tons  of  ore. 
Later  he  organized  the  Pluto  Gold  and  Copper 
Mining  Co.  and  the  .l:i,-k  Tot  Mining  &  Milling 
Co.,  both  operating  in  southern  Wyoming.  In 
1916  and  again  in  1917  he  was  appointed  by 
Pres.  Wilson  as  a  member  of  the  Assay 
Commission  wh-,?h  met  in  Philadelphia.  He 
is  a  life  member  ami  vice-president  for  Wiscon- 
sin of  the  American  Mining  Congress;  chairman 
of  the  board  of  governors  of  the  American  Nu- 
mismatic Association,  and  president  of  the  asso- 
ciation (1915-17)  ;  and  member  also  of  the  British 
Numismatic  Society,  London;  Chicago  Numis- 
matic Society,  New  York  Numismatic  Society, 
National  Geographical  Society,  Benevolent  and 
Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Fraternal  Order  of 
Eagles,  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows, 
and  he  is  a  32d  degree  Mason  and  Shriner.  His 
favorite  pursuits  include  the  study  of  geology 
and  mineralology.  As  a  numismatist  he  enjoys 
a  national  reputation.  He  wrote  the  charter  for 
the  American  Numismatic  Association  and  secured 
its  passage  through  congress,  the  bill  being  signed 
by  Pres.  Taft  in  1912.  His  dominating  charac- 
teristics are  his  honesty,  perseverance  and  tenac- 
ity. He  was  married  at  Scandinavia,  Waupaca 
co.,  Wis.,  June  1,  1SS4,  to  Annie,  daughter  of 
Anton  C.  Simonsen,  and  has  eight  children:  Nor- 
man Atle,  William  Herbert,  Harry  Alton,  Earl, 
Henry  Silas,  Gordon,  Clarence  and  Frank  B. 
Granberg. 

SHELLABARGER.  Adam,  stockman  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Enon,  Clarke  eo.,  O.,  Dec.  16, 
1S46,  son  of  Martin  and  Elizabeth  (Shelter) 
Phellabarger  and  great-grandson  of  Martin  Shal- 
lenberger,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  who  settled  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pa.,  in  1770;  from  him  and 
his  wife  Ann  Bear,  the  line  is  traced  h rough  their 
son  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Rebecca  Wingate,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  Adam,  Shellabarger.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  from  his  earliest  boyhood  was  taught 
to  work  on  his  father's  farm.  Besides  farming, 
he  learned  the  blacksmith's  and  cooper's  trade. 
In  1869,  he  went  west  and  for  some  months 
worked  as  a  ranch  hand  at  Platte  Canon,  near 
Denver,  and  then  accompanied  his  employer  to  the 
San  Luis  valley  in  the  southern  part  of  Colorado: 


,([)  .*<h~a/rt&<sL$ 


a 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


137 


where  he  remained  the  greater  part  of  his  life. 
In  1870  he  purchased  160  acres  of  land,  and  a 
little  later  took  up  a.  homestead  of  160  acres.  He 
began  to  raise  cattle  and  horses,  with  O.  E.  Lehow 
as  partner.  There  were  numerous  hardships  to 
contend  with,  and  it  was  only  by  unrelenting  per- 
severance and  industry  that  he  gradually  increased 
his  holding,  until  he  possessed  5,000  acres  of  farm, 
hay  and  pasture  laud  and  I.L'OO  head  of  grade 
shorthorn  cattle.  In  1886  he  purchased  Mr.  Le- 
how 's  interest  in  the  enterprise  discontinuing  the 
raising  of  horses  about  1890,  and  in  1909  he  re- 
tired from  the  stock  business.  Abaut  1900  he  was 
instrumental  in  securing  the  establishment  of  the 
San  Isabel  National  Forest  in  the  mountains  near 
his  home — an  especially  significant  instance  of  his 
far-sightedness,  in  contrast  with  most  stockmen 
who  violently  opposed  the  government  conservation 
methods.  While  the  latter  thought  only  of  the 
fees  which  they  would  have  to  pay  for  grazing 
their  stock  on  the  hitherto  free  public  domain,  he 
looked  into  the  future  and  realized  the  immeasur- 
able advantage  of  timber  protection  in  conserving 
the  water  supply.  In  1910  he  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Saguache, 
Co!o.,  and  served  as  its  vice-president  until  his 
death.  In  his  youth  Mr.  Shellabarger  was  accus- 
tomed to  breaking  and  training  horses.  He  was  an 
expert  marksman  and  skilled  hunter,  but  was 
always  opposed  to  the  indiscriminate  slaughter  of 
game.  His  shrewd  business  judgment  and  execu- 
tive ability  enabled  him  to  lay  the  foundation  for 
his  extensive  interests  and  wide  influence  in  his 
home  state.  He  was  characterized  by  masterful- 
ness, self-reliance  and  love  of  home.  While  his 
life  primarily  belonged  to  the  out-door  world,  he 
was  a  wide  reader  and  was  exceptionally  well 
informed.  He  was  especially  interested  in  modern 
politics,  and  was  always  a  staunch  Democrat.  His 
favorite  diversions  were  hunting,  fishing  and, 
during  his  latter  years,  motoring.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the  Society 
of  Elks.  He  was  married,  Apr.  3,  1873,  to  Abigail 
Anna,  daughter  of  Harrison  Gray  Otis  Wales, 
stockman  of  Rito  Alto,  Colo.,  who  survives  him 
with  five  children:  Charles  Walter,  stockman  of 
Moffat,  Colo.;  Ralph  Wales,  a  merchant  of 
Saguache,  Colo.;  Elizabeth,  superintendent  of  the 
Training  School  for  Nurses  in  .St.  Mark  's  Hospital, 
Salt  Lake  City;  Clara  Ethel,  wife  of  W.  A.  Albert 
of  Moffat,  and  Eloise  Shellabarger.  He  died  in 
Denver,  Colo.,  Oct.  18,  1915. 

SLACK,  Allen  Burnham,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  Feb.  5,  1810,  son  of  Jesse 
and  Betsy  (Burnham)  Slack.  He  entered  Nor- 
wich University  in  1836,  remaining  until  the 
summer  of  1838,  when  he  was  appointed  chief 
of  party  on  the  Illinois  Internal  Improvements, 
7th  judicial  district,  under  Truman  B.  Ransom 
(q.v.)  and  succeeded  him  as  the  resident  engineer 
in  October,  1839.  Upon  the  suspension  of  the 
engineering  work  in  Illinois  in  the  following 
December,  he  was  engaged  in  engineering  work 
in  Lowell,  Mass,  until  1840.  He  was  assistant  resi- 
dent engineer  on  the  Erie  canal  with  headquar- 
ters in  Rome,  N.  Y.,  during  1840-48,  when  he 
returned  to  Illinois  and  was  resident  engineer  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  for  5  years.  He  be- 
came chief  engineer  of  the  Lyons  &  Iowa  Central 
Railroad,  which  was  the  first  railroad  in  the 
state  to  begin  construction  work.  Preliminary 
surveys  had  been  made  from  Lyons  to  Iowa  City 
during  October,  November  and'  December,  1852, 
and  in  1853  Mr.  Slack  located  the  road  from  the 
Mississippi  river  to  Iowa  City  and  completed  the 


grading  to  Tipton.  The  grading  was  practically 
completed  from  Lyons  to  Iowa  City  in  June,  1854, 
when  the  work  was  suspended  owing  to  the  dis 
honesty  of  the  principal  promoter.  A  considerable 
portion  of  the  work  was  later  taken  up  by  the  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  Mr.  Slack  was  city 
engineer  of  Lyons,  during  1855-oti,  and  during  hi's 
term  of  office  he  resurveyed  the  city.  He  was  for 
several  terms  surveyor  of  Clinton  county.  In  1880 
he  accepted  a  position  in  the  engineering  depart- 
ment of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  with  head- 
quarters in  San  Francisco,  remaining  with  this 
company  until  bis  death.  He  was  twice  married: 

(1)  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  in  1840  to  Louisa  Blanchard; 

(2)  in    Magualia,    111.,    in    May    1846    to    Maria 
Moore.   By  the  second  union  he  had  four  surviving 
children:    Ella   Leonora  who   married    H.   R.   Mc- 
lutyre;    Hattie   Marie   who    married   J.    H.    Wick- 
ham;    Charles   Allen;    and    Harry    Russell    Slack. 
He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  June  2,  1888. 

SOMIGLI,  Carlo  Maria,  voice  specialist,  was 
born  at  Florence,  Italy,  Mar.  11,  1SI53,  son  of 
Oreste  di  Pasquale  and  Giovanna  di  Roberto  (Car- 
raresi)  Somigli,  and  great-grandson  of  Andrea 
Francioni,  anther  and  teacher  of  Giuseppe  Giusti, 
the  poet,  and  Earl  Gino  Capponi,  the  historian. 
The  family  name  of  Smnigli  (Spanish  Somillas), 
descends  from  the  Spanish  royal  family  that  ruled 
in  Aragon  about  1,000  A.  I)"  The  surname  Car- 
raresi  (Da  Carrara)  descends  from  a  Semitic  or 
Paduan  princely  family,  which  governed  in  Padua 
before  the  Venetians.*  Our  subject's  mother  was 
a  sister  of  the  author,  Alexaudro  Carraresi,  secre- 
tary of  the  blind  Earl  Gino  Capponi.  Carlo  M. 
Somigli  was  educated  at  the  ' '  Scuole  Pie ' '  Flor- 
ence. His  career  as  a  teacher  of  music  began  at 
Florence  in  1877.  In  1878  he  pursued  the  career 
of  a  violinist  and  pianist ;  was  concert  master  at 
Milan,  in  1888;  manager  and  operatic  conductor, 
IW;  and  subsequently  musical  director  in  Europe, 
Asia  and  America;  concert  baritone,  1893;  liter- 
ary man  and  author,  1S97;  and  critic  and  contribu- 
tor to  the  "Eivista  Musicale  Italiana,"  1898,  etc. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  musical  works,  three 
quartets,  one  opera,  "Saul"  (unfinished),  and 
about  thirty  songs.  The  Op.  23,  "Quando  tu  Gia- 
cerai, "  a  dramatic  scene  with  orchestra,  was 
awarded  a  diploma  and  gold  medal  at  the  prize 
competition  of  ' '  Music  and  Musicians, ' '  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March,  1915.  He  is  also  the  au- 
thor of  "A  Primer  of  Music,"  "Some  Consid- 
eration on  Singing,"  "Essay  on  the  Study  of 
the  Italian  Elements  of  Speech  in  Voice  Produc- 
tion," "Artistic  Singing  and  the  Education  of 
Vocal  Instructors,"  a  paper  in  German  for  the 
Reichstag,  Berlin,  1904,  "Julius  Stockhausen  and 
the  School  of  Artistic  Singing  ,"  "Actual  Operatic 
Situation  and  Production  in  the  United  States  of 
America,"  and  various  other  writings  in  foreign 
reviews  and  magazines.  He  has  also  written  "The 
School  of  Artistic  Singing  and  the  New  Theories 
of  Two  Laryngeal  Mechanisms  and  of  Three 
Vocal  Timbres,"  a  paper  in  English  for  the 
congress  in  Rome,  London  and  Ann  Arbor.  Mr. 
Somigli  is  the  author  of  "The  Didactic  System 
of  Voice  Culture,"  in  three  courses  of  twelve  les- 
sons each,  based  on  scientific  principles,  enabling 
every  singer  to  sing  in  a  reasonably  short  time, 
in  five  languages,  namely:  Italian,  French,  Eng- 
lish, German  and  Spanish.  He  became  a  naturalized 
American  citizen  in  1913.  He  is  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  "Der  Tonkunstler  Verein,"  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many, and  of  "Reale  Accademia  Filarmonica"  of 
Bologna,  Italy;  chairman  of  the  International 
Musical  congress  in  London,  1911;  editor  of  the 


138 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


vocal  and  instrumental  department  of  the  "Eivista 
Musieale  Italiana,"  1900;  musical  director  under 
the  civil  service,  Chicago,  1915;  member  of  the 
Cliff  Dwellers'  Club  of  Chicago,  and  of  other 
organizations.  His  favorite  pursuits  are  scien- 
tific researches  and  investigations.  He  was  mar- 
ried Sept.  15,  1S97,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  David 
Dessau,  a  merchant  of  Hamburg,  Germany. 

WIEDERSHEIM,  Theodore  Edward,  banker 
and  soldier,  was  born  at  Petersburg,  O.,  Jan.  12, 
1846,  son  of  William  C.  A.  and  Margaret  (Lieb) 
Wiedersheim.  His  father  was  an  educator,  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Stuttgart,  Germany, 
settling  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1829.  Theodore 
E.  Wiedersheim  received  his  education  in  the 
grammar  and  high  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  was  a  member 
of  the  cadet  corps  of  Central  High  School.  He 
enlisted  in  Co.  F,  1st  Philadelphia  Gray  reserves, 
winch  became  Co.  F,  32d  Pa.  Vol.  Inf.,  in  which 
he  was  corporal.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  Gettysburg  campaign,  and  after  the 
war  continued  his  connection  with  the  1st  regi- 
ment by  enlisting,  in  1868,  as  a  private  in  Co.  D. 
His  efficiency  in  the  famous  round-house  episode 
in  Pittsburgh  during  the  riots  incident  to  the  rail- 
road strike  in  1877,  when  he  was  captain,  won  for 
him  a  colonelcy  the  following  year,  in  which  office 
he  continued  until  1887,  when  he  retired  under 
pressure  of  private  business.  He  began  his 
business  career  in  1873  as  a  member  of  the 
banking  firm  of  Fell,  Wray  &  Co.,  remaining 
in  that  connection  for  fourteen  years.  He 
then  became  cashier  of  the  Independence  Na- 
tional Bank,  which  in  1901  was  merged  with  the 
Girard  National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  vice-presi- 
dent from  that  time  until  his  death.  His  interest 
in  military  affairs  was  keen  and  lasting.  His  was 
the  first  name  placed  on  the  roll  of  retired  officers 
of  the  Pennsylvania  national  guard.  He  had 
much  to  do  with  the  success  that  attended  the  cele- 
bration of  the  centennial  of  the  Pennsylvania  con- 
stitution in  1887.  He  was  chairman  of  the  finance 
committee  that  built  the  armory  of  the  1st  regi- 
ment. For  years  he  was  commander  of  the  Old 
Guard  of  Co.  D,  and  from  1883  he  had  been  brig- 
adier-general in  command  of  the  veteran  corps 
of  the  1st  infantry,  P.  N.  G.  He  had  served  as 
director,  chairman  of  the  house  committee  and  as 
vice-president  of  the  Union  League  Club,  Philadel- 
phia, and  he  was  a  member  also  of  the  Merion 
Cricket  Club,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Wayne 
Public  Safety  Association,  North  Wayne  Protective 
Association  and  chairman  of  the  Philadelphia 
branch  of  the  National  Security  League.  He  held 
the  32d  degree  in  Masonry.  He  was  married  Feb. 
14,  1881,  to  Elizabeth  E.,  daughter  of  Nathaniel 
McKay,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  she  survives  him, 
with  two  children:  William  A.,  of  the  Philadelphia 
law  firm  of  Peck,  Shields  &  Clark,  and  Katherine, 
wife  of  William  S.  Scull,  Philadelphia.  He  died 
at  Wayne,  Pa.,  Feb.  10,  1916. 

BOGER,  Cyrus  Maxwell,  physician,  was  born 
at  Lebanon,  Pa.,  May  13,  1861,  son  of  Cyrus  and 
Isabella  Kellan  (Maxwell)  Boger.  His  first 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Paulus 
Boger,  a  native  of  southern  Germany,  who  came 
to  thi-s  country  in  1732  and  settled  in  Lancaster 

county,  Pa.;  from  him  and  his  wife  Anna  Eva , 

the  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Matthias 
and  his  wife  Anna  Magdalena;  their  snn  Valentine 
and  his  wife  Juliana  Imboden,  and  their  son  Joseph 
and  his  wife  Catherine  Yiingst,  who  were  grand- 
parents of  Cyrus  Maxwell  Boger.  His  father  was 
an  educator  at  Lebanon,  Pa.,  where  he  held  several 


principalships  of  public  high  schools.  The  son 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Lebanon,  Pa.,  and  was  graduated  at 
the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  in  l>-*2 
and  at  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1888.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine 
at  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  in  August,  1HS8,  and  has 
since  continued  his  profession  in  that  city,  while 
he  has  become  one  of  the  most  widely  known  phy- 
sicians and  writers  on  medical  subjects  in  the 
state.  He  originated  the  present  method  of  mak- 
ing fluid  extract  of  wild-cherry  bark,  and  pointed 
out  the  successful  treatment  of  diphtheritic  croup 
and  other  throat  troubles.  He  is  author  of 
"Therapeutics  of  Diphtheria"  (1898);  translated 
and  published  Boenninghausen  'a  "Repertory  of  the 
Antipsories"  (1900),  and  Boenninghausen  'a 
"Characteristics  and  Repertory"  (1905);  also 
wrote  "Synoptic  Key  to  the  Materia  Medica" 
(1915).  He  was  formerly  lecturer  on  materia  med- 
ica,  Pulte  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  O. ;  was  vice- 
president  of  the  International  Hahnemanninn  Asso- 
ciation in  1899-1903,  president  in  1904;  and  was  in 
1916  co-editor  of  the  "Medical  Advance,"  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  and  frequent  contributor  to  numerous 
medical  journals.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution.  He  was  twice 
married:  (1)  June  8,  1887,  to  Elizabeth  Salome, 
daughter  of  Dr.  James  Surgisson  of  Wheeling,  W. 
Va.,  who  died  in  1888;  (2)  in  June,  1889,  to  Bertha 
Forrester.  He  has  six  children,  Mattie,  a  physi- 
cian; Elsie,  Robert,  Alberta,  Eleanor,  and  William 
Boger. 

COURTNEY,  Walter,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  at  Moore,  Lambton  co.,  Out.,  Canada, 
Sept.  18,  1856,  son  of  Angus  and  Janet  (McCash) 
< 'tiurtney.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ances- 
tor was  John  Courtney  who  came  from  Ireland  in 
1790  and  settled  in  Lambton  CO.,  Out.;  his  wife 
\\;is  Susan  Traxler,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his 
wife  Mary  McDonald,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  our  subject,  Walter  Courtney  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  public  schools  of  Lamb- 
ton  county  and  at  Stratnroy  (Ont.)  Collegiate 
Institute  and  was  graduated  at  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1883 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  that  institution 
gave  him  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1908.  At  various 
places  and  times  he  has  taken  special  post- 
graduate work.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Brainerd,  Minn.,  in  1883,  and  still  con- 
tinues there  as  a  resident,  having  retired  from 
professional  cares  in  1914.  During  his  active 
career  his  work  was  for  the  most  part  confined  to 
general  surgery,  and  he  is  author  of  numerous 
articles  on  surgery  which  have  appeared  in  medi- 
cal journals.  For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury he  was  chief  surgeon  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railway  Co.  He  has  been  active  and  influential 
in  various  medical  societies,  a  number  of  which 
have  profited  by  his  vigorous  leadership.  He  is 
past  president  "(1900)  of  the  Minnesota  State 
Medical  Society;  past  president  (1904)  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Medical  Society;  fellow  of  the 
American  College  of  Surgeons;  honorary  member 
Xorth  Dakota  State  Medical  Society  and  of  the 
Hennepin  County  (Minneapolis,  Minn.)  Society; 
member  of  the  international  Association  of  Rail- 
way  Surgeons,  American  Medical  Association, 
Western  Surgical  Association  and  of  the  Minne- 
sota Academy  of  Medicine.  He  holds  membership 
in  Nu  Sigma  Nu  fraternity  and  in  various  other 
fraternal  and  social  organizations  and  societies. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  hunting,  fishing, 


I 


CARLO  M.  SOMIGLT 
MUSICIAN 


THEODORE  E.  WIEDERSHEIM 
BANKER 


CYRUS  M.  BOGER 
PHYSICIAN 


WALTER  COU'KTNF.Y 
PHYSICIAN 


CHARLES  C.  CHRISTIE 
MERCHANT 


LEON  P.  MARSHALL 
CLERGYMAN 


JOSEPH  K.  HUTCHINSON 

LAWYER 


LEE  E.  JOSLVX 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


139 


golf  and  all  out-of-door  sports,  and  with  his  family 
spends  the  winter  months  at  their  home  in  Day- 
tona,  Fla.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the 
Republican  party  and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Episcopal  church.  He  was  married  at  St.  Clair, 
Mich.,  Feb.  10,  1885,  to  Hildegarde  A.,  daughter 
of  Theodore  A.  Von  Jasmund,  of  Germany,  Eng- 
land and  the  United  States,  and  has  one  child: 
Hildegarde  Von  Jasmund  Courtney. 

CHRISTIE,  Charles  Gushing,  commission 
merchant,  capitalist,  sportsman,  was  born  at 
Davenport,  la.,  Feb.  15,  1N50,  son  of  Robert  and 
Lucy  (Griffin)  Christie.  His  father  was  a  lumber- 
man of  Davenport,  at  which  pla<e  the  son  re- 
ceived his  early  education.  He  began  his  business 
career  as  bookkeeper  in  a  brokerage  office  in  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  In  1885  he  removed  to  Kansas  City, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  grain  business,  and 
Inter,  by  his  own  unaided  efforts  he  advanced  to 
the  presidency  of  a  company  of  his  own.  During 
1903-04  his  name  was  known  to  the  grain  trade 
of  the  country  when,  as  an  independent  dealer, 
he  waged  war  against  the  Chicago  board  of  trade, 
which  attempted  to  shut  off  market  quotations 
from  all  save  its  own  members.  Despite  the  war 
waged  both  in  and  out  of  the  courts  the  C.  C. 
Christie  Grain  Co.  continued  to  receive  and  furnish 
quotations.  His  business  expanded  until  it  became 
necessary  to  maintain  branch  offices  in  most  of 
the  larger  towns  of  the  Middle  West.  Aside  from 
this  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  development 
of  the  Swope  Park  and  Marlborough  residential 
districts,  and  devoted  considerable  time  to  his  coal 
mining  interests  near  Waverly,  Mo.  He  was  a 
pioneer  in  the  work  of  obtaining  transportation 
facilities  and  water  main  extensions  in  the  vast 
district  to  the  south  of  Kansas  City.  In  1914 
he  practically  retired  from  active  business  cares. 
He  had  been  a  prime  mover  in  building  the  Elm 
Kidge  course  of  the  Kansas  City  Jockey  Club,  of 
which  he  was  president,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks  ami  of 
the  Country  Club.  He  was  married  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Nov.  12,  1875,  to  Eda,  daughter  of  Henry 
Duhring,  a  merchant  of  St.  Louis ;  she  died  in 
1914.  There  are  two  surviving  children:  Lucy, 
wife  of  Col.  Francis  B.  Drage,  of  Kansas  City, 
and  Mary,  wife  of  John  C.  Firth,  of  Kansas  City. 
He  died  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Jan.  4,  1916. 

MARSHALL,  Leon  Pierce,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.,  Feb.  2S,  1S56,  son  of  Ran- 
dolph V.  and  Elizabeth  Frances  (Gray)  Marshall. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  is  pre- 
sumed to  have  come  from  Scotland.  Humphrey 
Marshall,  his  great-grandfather,  resided  at  Salis- 
bury, N.  C.,  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, and  his  grandparents  were  Hubbard  and 
Ruth  (Hanks)  Marshall.  Randolph  V.  Marshall, 
father  of  the  subject,  removed  from  Florida  to 
Brown  county,  Ind.,  in  1858,  subsequently  settling 
at  Martinsville,  Ind. ;  he  served  throughout  the 
civil  war  in  the  22nd  Ind.  Vol.  Inf.,  in  which  he  at- 
tained the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  Leon  Pierce 
Marshall  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  and  high  schools  of  Martinsville,  and  in  his 
youth  worked  as  compositor  in  a  newspaper  office 
at  that  place.  He  was  graduated  at  Lincoln  (now 
Millikin)  University,  Lincoln,  111.,  in  1879,  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.,  obtaining  his  theological  training 
also  at  that  institution.  Hanover  (Ind.)  College 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
in  1897.  In  1879  he  was  ordained  as  a  minister 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and  in 
that  year  became  pastor  of  the  Cumberland  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Bloomn'eld,  Ind.  He  resigned  in 


1883  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church,  Peru,  Ind. ;  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Frank- 
lin, Ind.,  in  1889,  and  finally  accepted  a  call,  in 
1909,  to  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  After  two  years  in 
the  latter  field  he  decided  to  retire  from  the  min- 
istry. He  removed  to  Bloomfield  where  he  contin- 
ued his  connection  with  the  Indiana  synod  as 
stated  clerk  and  as  supply  minister.  During  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  served  as  stated  clerk  of 
the  Indianapolis  Presbytery.  He  was  a  Mason  and 
member  of  the  Knights  Templars.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Bloomfield,  Ind.,  June  23,  1880,  to  Ida, 
daughter  of  Col.  E.  H.  C.  Gavins,  a  lawyer  of 
Bloomfield;  she  survives  him  with  six  children: 
Ida  Fay;  Carrie  May,  wife  of  Roy  Miller;  Cavins 
Randolph,  a  physician  of  Indianapolis;  Gerald,  of 
Memphis,  Tenn. ;  Walker  Robert,  and  Marion.  He 
died  at  Bloomfield,  Ind.  July  8,  1915. 

HTJTCHINSON,  Joseph  Kellogg,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Nov.  25,  1888, 
son  of  Joseph  and  Kate  (Kellogg)  Hutchinson. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
John  Hutchinson,  who  came  from  London, 
England,  in  1780,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  His  wife  was  Margaret  Fimister,  and  from 
them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Joseph  and  his  wife,  Rachael  Coates  Burr, 
and  their  son,  James  Sloan  Hutchinson,  and  his 
wife,  Coralie  Demahaut  Pearsoll,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Joseph  Kellogg  Hutchinson. 
His  father  was  a  lawyer.  The  son  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  Belmont  (Cal.)  School, 
and  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  law  of 
Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University  in  1911  with  the 
degree  of  LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  California  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  San  Francisco.  Mr. 
Hutchinson  is  associate  counsel  for  the  Foreign 
Mines  Development  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  London;  the 
American  Trona  Corporation,  New  York  city,  and 
the  Gold  Fields  American  Development  Co.,  Ltd., 
London.  He  has  also  been  associate  counsel  in  the 
litigation  in  state  and  Federal  courts  relating  to 
the  title  and  development  of  the  only  known  potash 
deposits  in  the  world  (outside  of  the  German  de- 
posits), situated  at  Searles  Borax  Lake,  San 
Bernardino  county,  Cal.  During  the  European  war 
he  served  as  junior  lieutenant,  tl.  S.  N.,  being  de- 
tailed to  naval  intelligence  duty  in  connection  with 
the  German  espionage  system.  He  is  a  member  of 
various  law  associations,  of  Delta  Tau  Delta 
and  Phi  Alpha  Delta  fraternities;  the  Pacific 
Union,  University  Pi-ess,  Presidio  Golf  and  Com- 
monwealth clubs,  San  Francisco;  Los  Angeles 
(Cal.)  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Lawyers  Club,  New 
York  city.  He  was  married  Mar.  29,  1913,  to 
Katharine,  daughter  of  Joseph  G.  Hooper,  a 
banker,  of  San  Francisco. 

JOSLYN,  Lee  Everett,  lawyer  and  referee  in 
bankruptcy,  was  born  at  Darien,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y., 
July  23,  1864,  son  of  Willis  Benham  and  Amy 
Randall  (Foster)  Joslyn.  The  name  was  taken 
from  France  to  England  soon  after  the  close  of 
the  reign  of  William  the  Conqueror.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Sir  Thomas  Jest- 
lin  (Joslin),  a  native  of  Kent,  who  came  from 
England  in  1635  and  settled  in  Massachusetts; 
from  him  ami  his  wife  Rebecca  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Abraham  ami  his  wife, 
Beatrice;  their  son  Henry  and  his  wife,  Abigail 
Stockbridge;  their  son  Jabez  and  his  wife,  Sarah 
Turner;  their  son  Jabez  and  his  wife.  Mary  Lind- 
sey ;  their  son  Jabez,  and  his  son  Jabez  Farnham 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Stevens,  who  were  the  grand- 


140 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


parents  of  Lee  Everett  Joslyn.  His  father  was  a 
carpenter  and  mechanic.  The  son  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  public  schools  of  Darien, 
N.  Y.,  and  at  Dryden  and  Lapeer  (Mich.)  high 
schools.  He  read  'law  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Judge  William  W.  Stickney,  at  Lapeer,  and  Judge 
George  H.  Durand,  at  Flint,  Mich.  Meanwhile, 
he  taught  in  the  district  schools  during  the  winter 
seasons.  In  1883-84  he  was  principal  of  graded 
schools  at  Otisville,  Genesee  co.,  and  afterwards 
became  principal  of  a  school  at  Bay  City.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Michigan  bar  in  1886  and  that 
year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  West 
Bay  City.  In  18S7  he  served  as  school  commis- 
sioner and  in  1889-92  was  circuit  court  commis- 
sioner of  Bay  county.  He  was  prosecuting  attor- 
ney of  the  county  in  1893-94,  and  city  attorney 
of  Bay  City  in  1897-1901.  He  was  appointed  ref- 
eree in  bankruptcy  for  the  northern  division  of 
the  eastern  district  of  Michigan  in  1904,  and  since 
1910  has  held  a  similar  position  for  the  southern 
division,  with  headquarters  in  Detroit.  He  is  gen- 
erally recognized  throughout  the  state  as  an  au- 
thority on  bankruptcy,  and  many  of  his  decisions 
have  been  published.  Meanwhile,  he  continued  in 
general  practice  at  Bay  City  until  1910,  and  is  at 
present  (1918)  associated  with  the  law  firm  of 
Joslyn  &  Houghton,  at  Bay  City,  though  he  resides 
in  Detroit.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  Detroit 
Board  of  Commerce,  Detroit  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  and  the  Detroit,  Detroit  Golf, 
Detroit  Athletic,  and  Ingleside  clubs,  Detroit,  and 
the  Bay  City  Country  Club,  Bay  City.  In  the  In- 
dependent Order  of  Foresters  he  has  held  the 
offices  of  high  counselor,  high  chief  ranger  and 
also  high  secretary  for  Michigan,  and  he  repre- 
sented the  high  court  of  Michigan  as  delegate  to 
the  supreme  council  of  the  world,  Chicago,  IMi:;. 
and  London,  England,  1S95.  In  Masonry  he  holds 
the  32d  degree,  and  he  is  a  member  also  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Benevolent  and  Protect i\v 
Order  of  Elks,  and  Knights  of  the  Modern  M.-i.-.-n 
bees.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf  ami  bil- 
liards. He  is  a  student  of  the  Bible,  and  has  the 
largest  men's  Bible  class  in  Detroit.  He  is  a 
communicant  of  North  Woodward  Avenue  Pr.^l.y- 
terian  Church.  He  was  married  at  Bay  City, 
Mich.,  June  29,  1893,  to  Alice  L.,  daughter  of 
Fitzland  L.  Wilson,  a  hoop  manufacturer  of  Bay 
City;  they  have  four  children:  Lee  E.,  Jr.;  Alan 
W. ;  Laura  Alice,  and  Mary  Anna  Joslyn. 

ADAMS,  John  Lanson,  physician,  was  born 
in  Westport,  Conn.,  Aug.  9,  1860,  son  of  George 
Sherwood  and  Polly  Morehouse  (C'oley)  Adams,  of 
New  England  ancestry.  The  first  of  his  family  in 
America  was  Edward  Adams,  who,  with  his  wife 
Margaret,  came  from  England  to  the  New  Haven 
colony  in  1640.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Nathaniel,  who  married  Ee- 
becca  Clapham;  their  son  Nathan,  who  married 
Mary  Burr;  their  son  Aaron,  who  married  Rhoda 
Hanford,  and  their  son  Jabez,  who  married  Annie 
Bennet,  and  was  the  grandfather  of  Dr.  Adams. 
His  great-great-grandfather,  Nathan  Adams,  was 
a  lieutenant  in  the  revolutionary  war.  Dr.  Adams 
was  educated  in  Selleck 's  School,  Norwalk,  Conn., 
and  was  graduated  from  Yale  I'niversity  in  1883. 
He  studied  medicine  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York,  serving  meantime  on  the 
staff  of  the  old  Chambers  Street  Hospital,  receiving 
the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1886,  and  was  appointed 
interne  at  the  New  York  Hospital.  He  then  joined 
the  house  staff  of  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary,  and  developed  such  an  interest  in 


diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  that  he  determined  to 
make  that  specialty  his  life  work.  He  went  abroad 
for  special  study  in  Heidelberg,  Vienna,  Paris  and 
London  in  1890,  and  in  1892  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  New  York.  Shortly  after  re- 
turning to  New  York  he  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  at  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
and  later  attending  surgeon.  His  success  was  im- 
mediate and  he  won  recognition  as  a  leading  au- 
thority in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat. 
In  1892  he  founded  the  St.  Bartholomew  Eye  and 
Ear  Clinic,  a  free  dispensary,  of  which  he  was 
director  and  surgeon  until  his  death.  He  was  con- 
sulting ophthalmologist  and  otologist  to  the  So- 
ciety of  the  New  York  Lying-in  Asylum,  Manhat- 
tan State  Hospital,  and  was  surgeon  of  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  Clinic  and  surgeon  and  president  of  the 
West  Side  German  Dispensary.  Dr.  Adams  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Otological  Society, 
American  Otological  Society,  American  Ophthal- 
mological  Society,  New  York  Medical  and  Surgical 
Society,  American  Laryngological,  Rhinologieal 
and  Otological  Society,  Association  of  Alumni  of 
New  York  Hospital,  Hospital  Graduates  Club, 
New  York  Physicians  Mutual  Aid  Association, 
New  York  County  Medical  Society,  also  of  the 
University,  Lotos,  Yale,  New  York  Athletic,  Demo- 
cratic, New  York  Yacht  and  Larchmont  Yacht 
clubs.  He  was  married  June  4,  1895,  to  Elizabeth 
Ellerslie,  daughter  of  Francis  B.  and  Margaret  C. 
(Beehler)  Wallace,  of  New  York,  and  had  one  son, 
Frank  Lanson  Adams.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  Sept.  25,  1914. 

MORRIS,  Anthony,  jurist  and  mayor  of  Phil- 
adelphia, was  born  in  Stipney,  London,  Eng.,  Aug. 
23,  1654,  son  of  Anthony  Morris,  mariner.  His 
father  died  on  the  way  between  England  and  Bar- 
badoes  soon  after  he  was  born  and  his  mother  died 
on  the  latter  island  about  1660,  so  that  he  was  an 
orphan  at  the  age  of  six  years.  He  was  reared  in 
London,  early  became  a  Friend  or  Quaker  and  was 
living  in  St.  Giles  in  1662  when  he  sailed  for  New 
Jersey,  lie  bought  land  in  Burlington,  where  he 
lived  until  1665  when  he  settled  in  Philadelphia  as 
a  merchant.  He  was  made  an  alderman  of  Phila- 
delphia in  the  charter  of  1691  and  a  judge  of  her 
country  court  of  common  pleas  Sept.  6,  1692,  with 
re-appointment  May  6,  1693.  The  same  day  he  was 
commissioned  in  the  county  court  and  became  pre- 
siding judge.  He  was  one  of  the  petitioners  for 
a  charter  for  a  public  school,  in  1689,  now  Penn 
Chester  School.  He  was  one  of  the  judges  in  the 
George  Keith  case  in  1692  and  on  Aug.  10,  1694, 
was  commissioned  by  Commissioner  Markham  to  be 
judge  of  the  colonial  supreme  court  of  the  two 
provinces,  under  Chief  Justice  Andrew  Robeson,  to 
take  the  place  of  Judge  Cann,  deceased.  He  was 
deposed  from  office  in  1698  by  the  Lords  Justices 
of  England  at  the  time  when  Attorney-General 
David  Lloyd  was  likewise  under  this  ban,  for  re- 
sisting the  encroachments  of  the  Crown  's  vice  ad- 
miralty court,  upon  the  jurisdiction  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  in  the  legal  actions  that  grew  out  of  it. 
The  action  of  both  Lloyd  and  Morris  was  later 
upheld  as  right  by  counsej  for  the  crown  itself 
Judge  Morris  had  been  made  a  member  of  the 
legislative  council  in  1695,  but  on  the  reluctant 
execution  of  the  Lords  Justices  order  by  William 
Penn  on  his  arrival  in  1699,  Morris  withdrew 
from  civil  activities.  In  1701  he  began  one  of  the 
remarkable  careers  as  a  traveling  evangelist  and 
Quaker  preacher,  that  covered  the  North  American 
settlements  and  in  1715  Great-Britain  and  Ire- 
land. He  was  mayor  of  Philadelphia  in  1704,  ana 
died  in  that  city,"  Oct.  23,  1721. 


TOHX  LAXSON  ADAMS 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


141 


FANNING.  David  Hale,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  .lewett  City,  New  London  county,  Conn., 
Aug.  4,  1830,  son  of  Henry  Willson  and  Sarah 
(Hale)  Fanning  of  Irish  descent.  He  is  a  descend- 
ant of  Edmund  Fanning,  who  came  to  America  in 
1653  and  settled  first  in  Massachusetts  and  later  in 
New  London,  Conn.  Edmund  Fanning  was  one  of 
the  original  proprietors  of  Stonington.  From  him 
the  line  is  traced  through  his  son  John,  who  mar- 
ried Deborah  Parke;  their  son  Thomas,  who  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Capron ;  their  son  Thomas,  who 
married  Susannah  Faulkner,  and  was  the  grand- 
father of  David  H.  Fanning.  Both  his  grand- 
father, Thomas  Fanning,  and  great-grandfather, 
Thomas  Fanning,  served  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
David  H.  Fanning  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age 
of  seven  and  was  brought  up  by  an  elder  brother 
in  .lewett  City.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  found 
employment  in  a  counterpane  mill  in  Clinton,  Mass. 
Two  years  later  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  machinist 
in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  conducted  a  country  store 
in  Groton,  now  Ayer  Junction,  for  two  years,  and 
then  obtained  employment  in  Worcester  as  a  sales- 
man. Having  saved  sufficient  funds  to  start  in 
business  for  himself,  in  1861  he  organized  the 
Worcester  Skirt  Co.  for  the  manufacture  of  hoop- 
skirts.  The  new  enterprise  was  successful,  and 
within  a  short  time  he  was  conducting  an  exten- 
sive and  prosperous  business.  Foreseeing  the  in- 
evitable change  in  woman 's  dress,  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  corsets,  and  with  the  disappear- 
ance of  the  hoop-skirt  the  Worcester  Skirt  Co.  be- 
came the  Worcester  Corset  Co.  In  this  new  line 
Mr.  Fanning 's  success  was  even  greater.  He  had 
boundless  energy  and  determination ;  he  had  the 
ability  to  plan  and  to  make  his  plans  efficient,  and 
he  had  judgment,  acumen  and  an  accurate  knowl- 
edge of  business  conditions.  The  firm  was  incor- 
porated in  1888,  and  in  1901  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  Royal  Worcester  Corset  Co.  with 
Mr.  Fanning  as  its  president.  The  company 's  fac- 
tory in  Worcester  occupies  about  200,000  sq.  ft., 
and  employs  2.000  hands  and  its  product  is  sold 
all  over  the  world.  The  plant,  which  is  said  to  be 
the  largest  in  the  world  devoted  solely  to  the 
manufacture  of  corsets,  is  both  the  expression  of 
advanced  business  methods  and  the  realization  of 
enlightened  altruism,  with  every  modern  conven- 
ience for  the  welfare  of  its  employees.  Mr.  Fan- 
ning is  a  man  of  marked  personal  characteristics. 
He  has  long  been  actively  interested  in  the  civic 
and  social  development  of  the  city  of  Worcester, 
where  Hahnemann  Hospital  and  various  churches, 
schools  and  civic  institutions  ami  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  have  benefited  by  his  munificence. 
He  gave  to  his  native  place,  Jewett  City,  the  park 
which  bears  his  name,  and  the  Connecticut  College 
for  Women  at  New  London  was  erected  chiefly 
through  his  generosity.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  in  religious  affiliation  an  active 
member  of  the  Church  of  the  Unity,  Worcester. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Home  Market  Club  of  Bos- 
ton, the  Worcester  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the 
Worcester  County  Mechanics'  Association,  and  the 
Tatnuck  Country  Club.  Mr.  Fanning  was  married 
in  Worcester,  Sept.  28,  1859,  to  Rosamond  Hop- 
kins, daughter  of  Young  Simmons  Dawless  of  Ster- 
ling, Mass.,  and  has  two  daughters:  Agnes  Maria, 
wife  of  John  E.  Lancaster,  and  Helen  Josephine, 
wife  of  William  C.  Supplee. 

DICKEY.  Charles  Henry,  merchant  and 
lawyer,  was  born  at  Ottawa,  111.,  Aug.  12,  1S42, 
son  of  Theophilus  Lyle  (q.  v.)  and  Juliet 
(Evans)  Dickey.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  John  Dickey,  who  came  from 


County  Antrim,  Ireland,,  about  1744,  and  set- 
tled in  Alliemarle  county,  Va. ;  from  him  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Robert 
and  liis  wife,  Mary  Henry,  to  their  son,  James 
Henry,  and  his  wife,  Mary  Depew,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  our  subject.  His  father 
was  circuit  judge  in  the  Northern  Circuit  of 
Illinois,  captain  of  Hardiii's  regiment  in  the 
Mexican  War,  colonel  of  the  4th  111.  Vol.  Cav. 
in  the  Civil  War  and  chief  of  cavalry  on  Gen. 
Grant's  staff;  later  he  was  assistant  attorney- 
general  in  Washington  under  Evarts  and  Hoar, 
corporation  counsel  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  and 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  for  the 
Chicago  district.  Charles  Henry  Dickey  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Ottawa 
and  Chicago;  at  private  schools  at  Paris,  Ky., 
Peru,  111.,  and  Franklyn,  Mo. ;  South  Salem 
(0.)  Academy,  and  at,  Bryant  &  Stratton  Com- 
ercial  College,  Chicago.  He  studied  law  under 
the  preeeptorship  of  his  father  with  the  firms 
of  Dickey,  Wallace  &  Dickey,  Ottawa,  and 
Dickey,  Mather  &•  Taft,  Chicago,  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Civil  War,  when  he  joined  his 
father 's  cavalry  regiment.  He  was  promoted  to 
second  lieutenant  in  1S62  for  "meritorious  con- 
duct at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,"  was  adjutant  of 
Gen.  Grant's  escort  in  1863-64,  and  of  Gen. 
Md'herson '?  escort  in  1864;  he  participated  in 
battles  and  engagements  at  Forts  Henry  and 
Donelson,  Skipworth  's  Landing  and  Old  River 
Louisiana,  and  was  wounded  at  Champion  Hills. 
Shortly  thereafter  he  completed  his  law  studies  in 
the  law  offices  of  Judge  Reading,  Morris,  111.  He 
learned  telegraphy,  and  was  employed  as  operator 
at  various  places  during  1865-68,  and  for  a  year 
was  abstract  clerk  in  the  New  Orleans  custom 
house.  He  then  became  station  agent  and  operator 
for  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  at  Alameda, 
Cal.,  continuing  in  that  capacity  three  years.  In 
1873  he  went  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  entered 
the  mercantile  business,  beginning  with  a  small 
store  at  Haiku,  which  was  enlarged  in  1874,  and 
to  which  a  chain  of  stores  at  I'aia  and  Ilania- 
kuapoko  were  added  in  1S76;  he  sold  out  to 
advantage  in  1896.  In  1892-99  he  was  assessor 
of  the  2d  taxation  division  of  Hawaii.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Hawaiian  legislature  in  1886- 
87,  of  the  territorial  legislature  of  Hawaii  in 
1900-01,  and  of  the  Hawaiian  senate  in  1902-05, 
which  body  he  served  as  chairman  of  the  judi- 
ciary committee.  Since  1901  he  has  practised 
law  in  Honolulu.  He  has  long  been  a  factor 
in  the  political,  civic  and  municipal  affairs  in 
Honolulu  and  the  Islands.  As  early  as  1876 
he  introduced  the  telegraph  into  the  Islands, 
and  followed  this  with  the  telephone  in  1880, 
building  a  telephone  line  in  Honolulu  in  1881. 
He  was  president  of  the  Maui  Telegraph  Co. 
and  the  Maui  Land  &  Railroad  Co.;  director  in 
the  Hawaiian  Pineapple  Co.,  and  has  been  di- 
rector in  a  number  of  sugar  plantation  com- 
panies. During  the  revolution  of  1893  he  served 
as  first  lieutenant  in  the  Maui  Home  Guards. 
He  is  author  of  the  prisoners  probation  law 
now  in  force  for  prisoners  of  good  behavior; 
of  the  present  income  tax  law,  which  has  with- 
stood all  attacks  in  the  Supreme  Court  for  six- 
teen years,  and  also  wrote  the  first  juvenile  de- 
linquent law.  In  1908  he  was  delegate  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention,  Chicago.  He  is 
past  president  (1907)  of  the  Mission  Children's 
Society;  past  president  (1914-15)  of  the  Civic 
Federation;  past  commander  of  George  W.  I1' 
Long  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Honolulu;  past  president 


142 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


(1906)  of  the  Buckeye  Club,  Honolulu;  has 
been  treasurer  of  the  Anti-Saloon  League  of 
Hawaii  since  1901,  and  was  a  director  of  the 
Associated  Charities,  Honolulu.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  inciuiitaiu  climbing,  billiards, 
tennis  and  cards,  and  is  also  fond  of  travel, 
having  made  a  trip  around  the  world  in  1910- 
11.  In  religion  he  is  a  Congregationalist.  He 
was  married  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  May  26,  iMis, 
to  Annie  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  P. 
Alexander,  a  pioneer  missionary  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  and  pastor  of  the  Hawaiian  Church, 
Wailuku;  they  have  four  surviving  children: 
Lyle  Alexander,  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Hawaii;  Charles  William,  an  architect,  Oakland, 
Cal.;  Grace  Graydon,  wife  of  Arthur  M.  Merrill, 
Oakland,  Cal.,  and  Belle,  wife  of  .lames  D. 
Dole,  of  Honolulu. 

BURTON,  Hazen  James,  manufacturer  and 
tax  economist,  was  born  at  Eoxbury,  Boston,  Mass., 
July  14,  1847,  son  of  Hazen  James  and  Harriet 
Lincoln  (Smith)  Burton.  His  earliest  known  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Boniface  Burton,  who 
was  born  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  in  the  closing  years  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  From  him  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  his  son  John;  his  son 
John;  his  son  Jonathan  and  the  latter 's  wife  Hul- 
dah  Nicolas,  and  their  son  Jonathan  and  his  wife 
Lucy  Hazen,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Hazeu 
James  Burton.  He  was  educated  at  the  Dwight 
School  and  the  English  high  school,  Boston,  re- 
ceiving two  Franklin  medals,  and  during  1865-70 
he  took  special  courses  at  the  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology.  He  began  his  business 
career  in  1865  in  the  service  of  C.  W.  Freeland 
&  Co.,  Boston,  manufacturers  of  clothing.  In 
18*2  he  removed  to  Minneapolis  and  in  that  year 
established  The  Plymouth  Clothing  House,  manu- 
facturers, jobbers  and  retailers  of  wearing  apparel 
for  men,  women  and  children,  of  which  he  has  been 
president  since  its  incorporation  in  1885.  In  1909 
he  founded  and  incorporated  the  Hennepin  Hold- 
ing Co.,  Minneapolis,  of  which  he  is  likewise  presi- 
dent. He  is  president  also  of  the  Walker  Burton 
Co.,  Deephaven  Holding  Co.,  and  the  Mandan  Land 
&  Improvement  Co.,  and  was  president  of  the 
village  of  Deephaven,  Hennepin  Co.,  for  several 
years  after  its  incorporation  in  1900.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Minikahda  and  Minnetonka  Yacht  duns, 
and  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  out-of-door  sports, 
especially  golf,  tennis  and  yachting,  while  he  is 
also  deeply  interested  in  literature  and  scientific 
studies  and  research.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
National  Tax  Association,  and  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  real  estate  taxation  of  the  National 
A-~oriation  of  Building  Owners  and  Managers. 
His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican 
party,  ami  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  1'ni- 
tarian  Church.  He  was  married  at  Southboro,  Mass., 
July  20,  1871,  to  AJice  Cotton,  daughter  of  Daniel 
S.  Whitney,  a  clergyman  of  Southboro.  They  have 
three  children:  Hazel,  Ward  Cotton,  and  Ariel, 
wife  of  Edward  H.  Pomeroy. 

PATTERSON,  Robert  Irwin,  pension  attor- 
ney, was  born  at  Muncie,  Ind.,  Mar.  2s,  1842,  son 
of 'Samuel  R.  and  Jane  (Turner)  Patterson.  Sam- 
uel R.  Patterson,  father  of  our  subject,  moved  to 
Indiana  from  Vermont  in  ls]6.  Robert  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and 
when  seventeen  years  of  age  enlisted  in  company 
E,  19th  Ind.  Inf.  as  a  private,  and  after  serving 
the  term  of  his  enlistment,  he  re-enlisted  in  the 
field  for  three  years.  His  services  were  with  the 
famous  Iron  brigade,  army  of  the  Potomac.  He 
participated  in  fourteen  general  engagements,  be- 


sides the  minor  battles  and  skirmishes  in  which  he 
took  part ;  he  was  wounded  in  the  battles  of 
Antietam  and  Gettysburg,  and  was  taken  prisoner 
in  the  latter  battle.  In  March,  1864,  he  received 
an  abdominal  injury  by  being  thrown  from  a  rail- 
road car,  and  in  consequence  was  discharged  Sept. 
9,  1864,  as  a  corporal.  He  was  a  charter  member 
of  Williams  Post,  No.  78,  G.  A.  R.,  and  served  as 
commander  of  the  local  post  and  as  senior  vice- 
commandcr.  Department  of  Indiana,  G.  A.  R.  In 
1876—77  he  was  clerk  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
Indiana  legislature,  and  from  the  expiration  of 
that  period  until  18So,  was  a  railway  postal  clerk. 
In  February,  1882,  he  was  appointed  postmaster 
of  Muncie,  and  held  this  oilice  until  lsS7,  when 
he  took  up  the  pension  agency,  and  in  1889  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  interior  department  as 
pension  attorney.  In  1902  he  was  elected  clerk  of 
the  Delaware  Circuit  Court  on  the  Republican 
ticket,  serving  until  1006.  Mr.  Patterson  gained 
considerable  prominence  as  an  inventor,  having  in- 
vented the  J.  I.  C.  curry  comb  and  a  fruit  jar 
fastener,  together  with  numerous  other  useful  arti- 
cles. Charitable  to  a  marked  degree,  he  gave 
generously  of  his  time  and  money  in  assisting 
those  who  fought  beside  him  in  the  great  civil 
strife.  He  was  widely  known  as  a  poet  of  army 
life,  many  of  his  poems  having  been  published  in 
the  leading  papers  and  periodicals.  Until  the  lat- 
ter part  of  1915  he  was  connected  with  the  edi- 
torial department  of  the  "Muncie  Star."  He 
possessed  a  remarkable  memory  and  was  a  man  of 
varied  information.  In  the  political  field  he  was 
always  honorable  and  in  every  respect  he  was  an 
upright  and  honest  man.  He  was  married  in 
1868,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Ciinton.  J.  Le 
Favour,  of  Muncie,  Ind.,  and  their  children  were: 
Inez,  wife  of  E.  H.  Bath,  of  Muncie;  Pearl,  wife 
of  W.  R.  Bean,  of  Streator,  111.;  and  J.  Earl  Pat- 
terson; he  also  reared  a  foster  son,  George  C.  Pat- 
terson, of  Detroit,  Mich.  Mr.  Patterson  died  at 
Muncie.  Ind.,  Oct.  ],  1916. 

BESSTJNGER.  Morris,  art  expert  and  anti- 
quarian, was  born  in  Darmstadt,  Germany,  May  13, 
1818,  son  of  Barauch  and  Adelaide  Bessunger. 
His  mother  died  when  he  was  two  years  old,  and 
his  father  a  few  years  later;  thus  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources. 
Making  his  way  on  foot  to  Rome,  he  was  present  at 
the  consecration  of  Pope  Gregorius,  after  which 
he  traveled  to  England,  where  he  began  to  sell 
steel  pens,  needles  and  fine  cutlery.  Subsequently 
he  returned  to  Germany,  and  engaged  in  tlie  pnr- 
t-hase  of  pictures,  being  the  first  man  to  canvas  in 
Continental  Europe  the  illuminated  pictures  made 
in  France  half  a  century  ago.  Shortly  afterward 
he  purchased  the  contents  of  the  famous  gallery 
of  Mrs.  Srhatzmann  of  Darmstadt,  wife  of  a  privy 
councillor  of  the  country.  Mr.  Bessunger  was  soon 
regarded  as  one  of  the  best  art  critics  in  Europe. 
He  came  to  New  York  in  1853,  bringing  with  him 
many  works  of  art  and  an  assortment  of  rare 
implements  of  warfare.  At  that  time  there  was 
little,  if  any,  demand  for  antiques  in  New  York. 
Subsequently  he  went  to  Montreal,  but  returned 
to  New  York  just  before  the  civil  war  and  finally 
succeeded  in  establishing  a  lucrative  business. 
Many  of  Xew  York's  collectors  of  armor  and  war 
relics  secured  some  of  their  rarest  specimens 
through  him,  and  in  the  Museum  of  Art  will  be 
found  a  number  of  rare  specimens  gathered  by 
him.  In  the  pursuit  of  his  vocation  he  crossed 
the  Atlantic  twenty-five  times,  making  his  last 
trip  to  Europe  in  1904.  The  following  year  he 
retired  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven.  Although  he 


CHARLES  H.  DICKEY 

LAWYER 


HAZEN  J.  BURTON 
MANUFACTURER 


ROBERT  I.  PATTERSON 
LAWYER 


MORRIS  BESSUNGER 
ANTIQUARIAN 


MORRIS  EINSTEIN 
MERCHANT 


HORACE  R.  LITTLEFIELD 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


JOHN  W.  WAUGHOP 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


JOSEPH  B.  PARKER 
XAVAL  OFFICER 


OF     AMERICAN"     BIOGRAPHY. 


14:! 


received  but  little  schooling,  lie  could  speak 
French,  English,  German,  Italian  and  some  Span- 
ish, and  always  had  in  his  pocket  a  book  for  stu<ly 
in  leisure  moments.  His  long  life  he  attributed  to 
fresh  air,  constant  exercise  and  a  regular  life.  He 
was  widely  known  in  art  circles  in  America  and 
abroad,  was  acquainted  practically  with  every  old 
castle  in  Europe,  and  was  considered  one  of  the 
foremost  authorities  in  the  United  States  on  armor. 
A  student  of  the  history  of  the  middle  ages,  the 
name  and  work  of  every  famous  armorer  was 
known  to  him,  just  as  art  critics  know  the  style 
and  characteristics  of  the  great  painters.  He  was 
married  in  1847  to  Louise,  daughter  of  Sigmond 
Simon,  of  Mainz,  Germany;  their  living  children 
are:  Adelaide  C.;  Lena,  wife  of  Fred  Blodgett; 
Edward;  Caroline,  widow  of  Richard  Owens;  Vic- 
toria, wife  of  William  J.  Duffy;  Amelia,  and 
Bertha,  wife  of  William  Schreiber.  Mr.  Bessunger 
died  in  Xew  York  city  Oct.  6,  1916. 

EINSTEIN,  Morris,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Wiirtemburg,  Germany,  July  24,  1826,  son  of 
Baruch  and  Henriette  (Eosenheim)  Einstein. 
When  Morris  was  eleven  years  old  his  father  died, 
and  the  lad's  education  was  limited  to  the  elemen- 
tary course  of  a  common  school.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1842,  and  in  two  years,  having 
become  acquainted  with  the  English  language  and 
saved  some  money,  opened  a  store  at  Wellsburg, 
Va.,  where  he  remained  one  year.  He  then  moved 
to  Tiffin,  O.,  and  opened  a  store  there,  which  was 
destroyed  by  fire  two  years  later.  For  four  years 
thereafter  he  lived  in  California,  but  subsequently 
returned  to  Illinois  and  in  1S56  opened  a  store  in 
Joliet  where  for  eight  years  he  conducted  a  suc- 
cessful business.  In  1863  he  removed  to  Chicago 
and  began  a  wholesale  and  piece  goods  trade  in 
partnership  with  Martin  Clayburgh,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Clayburgh,  Einstein' &  Co.,  continuing  thus 
until  18SO,  "-when  he  associated  with  himself  his 
sous  and  son-in-law,  under  the  style  of  Einstein, 
Longini  &  Co.  He  retired  from  active  business  in 
1SS6.  Mr.  Einstein  was  frequently  urged  to  run 
for  office,  but  steadfastly  declined,  preferring  to 
give  his  entire  time  to  his  business.  He  traveled 
widely  in  the  United  States  and  visited  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  thus  accumulating  a  store  of  knowl- 
edge which  he  turned  to  the  best  advantage.  He 
conducted  his  business  with  prudence  and  honor 
and  was  identified. with  many  philanthropic  move- 
ments in  Chicago.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Michel  Reese  Hospital,  the  Sinai  Congregation 
and  Standard  Hub.  His  favorite  diversions  were 
reading  and  music,  while  he  possessed  a  remarkable 
memory  for  historical  deeds  and  dates.  He  was 
married  June  20,  1S50,  to  Julia,  daughter  of 
Abraham  Rosenheim,  of  Germany,  and  his  sur- 
viving children  are:  Virginia,  wife  of  Benjamin 
Shaffner;  Emma,  widow  of  Sigmond  Beir;  Rose, 
widow  of  Abraham  Longiui;  Tillie,  wife  of  Morris 
S.  Rosenficld;  Anna  B.,  and  Arthur  M.  Einstein. 
Mr.  Einstein  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Jan.  11,  1916. 

LITTLEFIELD,  Horace  Robert,  soldier, 
physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Quincy,  111., 
Apr.  18,  1846,  son  of  Hans  H.  and  Elizabeth 
(Ashwood)  Littlefield,  and  grandson  of  - 
Littlefield.  who  came  from  England  in  -  -  and 
settled  in  Massachusetts.  His  father,  also  a  native 
of  England,  was  for  nearly  half  a  century  a  physi- 
cian of  Beardstown,  111.  Horace  R.  Littlefield  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools;  studied  medicine  under  the  preceptorship 
of  his  father;  attended  Illinois  State  College  and 
was  graduated  at  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago, 
in  1866,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.TX  in 


Meanwhile  he  had  enlisted  for  the  Civil  War  as 
private  in.  Co.  G.,  145th  111.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  later  was 
appointed  acting  assistant  surgeon.  He  began  tin- 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Tazewell  CO.,  111.,  re- 
moving to  La  Fayette,  Ore.,  in  1869.  In.  1880  he 
was  appointed  surgeon  in  chief  in  the  construction 
department  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Co.,  and  in  1888  became  chief  surgeon  in  the  con- 
struction department  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way. In  that  capacity  he  served  both  roads  in 
Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho,  and  constructed 
many  field  hospitals.  During  1883-86  he  remained 
at  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  in  the  supervision  of 
personal  interests.  He  was  surgeon  during  the 
construction  of  the  Washington  <t  Idaho  Railway 
and  the  Portland  &  Puget  Sound  Railway.  In 
1SOO  he  took  up  his  permanent  resilience  in  Port- 
land, where  he  met  with  marked  success  as  a  prac- 
titioner. His  studies  covered  a  broad  field  and  his 
investigation  was  most  thorough,  bringing  him  a 
comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  most  advanced 
methods.  He  held  a  high  place  in  Masonry  and 
was  past  master  of  his  lodge;  past  exalted  ruler  of 
his  lodge,  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
and  held  membership  also  in  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen,  Knights  of  Maccabees,  Knights  of 
I"ythias,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Multnomah 
County  Medical  Society,  and  Oregon  State  Medi- 
cal Society,  of  which  latter  he  was  a  founder  and 
the  first  president.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  music  and  was  himself  a  singer  of  known  ability 
and  a  member  of  a  veteran's  double  male  quartette 
which  appeared  often  in  public.  Mr.  Littlefleld 
was  twice  married:  (1)  June  27,  1865,  to  Ann 
Kirwin,  of  Chicago,  111.;  she  died  in  1889, 
and  lie  was  married  (2)  at  Portland,  Ore.,  Nov.  20, 
1890,  to  Mary  T.,  daughter  of  Joseph  S.  Price,  of 
Dayton,  Wash.;  she  survives  him,  with  two  chil- 
dren by  the  first  union;  Judge  Edwin  V.,  Portland, 
and  Harry  A.,  a  physician  of  Newburg,  Ore.,  and 
ah  adopted  child,  Rosie,  wife  of  Charles  C.  Spears, 
Portland.  He  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  Feb.  17,  1910. 
WATJGHOP,  John  Wesley,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  near  Peoria,  111.,  Oct.  22,  1839,  son 
of  Richard  and  Mary  Ann  (Biiwman)  Waughop, 
grandson  of  Capt.  James  Waughop,  a  daring 
blockade  runner  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  great- 
grandson  of  James  Waughop,  a  sea  captain, 
who  came  from  Niddry,  Scotland,  in  1750,  and 
settled  at  Norfolk,  Va.  His  father  was  a  large 
builder  of  river  and  canal  boats  for  the  Illinois 
and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  son  was  educated  at 
Eureka  (111.)  College.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  as  he  was  about  to  be  graduated,  Prof. 
Rudd,  of  the  faculty  of  that  institution,  organ- 
ized and  became  captain  of  a  full  company  of  stu- 
dents which  was  mustered  into  the  Federal  service 
as  a  unit  in  the  17th  111.  volunteers  and  of  which 
Dr.  Waughop  was  a  member.  He  was  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Shiloh  and  Donelson  and  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  during  the  last  eighteen  months  of  his 
service  acted  as  surgeon  's  assistant.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  White  Cloud,  Kan., 
in  1866,  and  was  made  mayor  of  the  town.  He 
resided  at  Blue  Island,  111.,  during  1867-68, 
and  then  removed  to  Olympia,  Wash.  He  was  for 
seventeen  years  (1880-1897)  superintendent  of  the 
Washington  (later  Western  Washington)  Hospital 
for  the  Insane.  He  was  much  interested  in 
psychiatry,  and  his  reports  during  his  incumbency 
of  that  office  commanded  wide  attention.  In  ISO" 
he  went  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  was  a  govern- 
ment physician  there  for  three  years  and  prac- 
ticed privately  for  three  years.  The  first  medi- 


144 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


eal  society  of  Washington  territory  was  formed 
in  his  office;  he  was  its  first  secretary,  and  sub- 
sequently became  president.  He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  N.  Y.  Medico-Legal  Society,  and  was 
the  A.  O.  U.  W.  medical  examiner  for  Oregon, 
Wash.,  and  Idaho.  His  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Unitarian  church.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  out-of-door  life  and  in  literary  pur- 
suits. He  was  a  fine  German  scholar,  and  trans- 
lated numerous  short  stories  and  poems  from  the 
German  classics  for  the  local  press.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Feb.  1,  1866,  to  Eliza  Susan,  daughter  of 
Stephen  Rexford,  of  Blue  Island,  111.,  and  left 
one  son,  Philip  Rexford  Waughop,  physician  and 
surgeon,  of  Seattle,  Wash.  He  died  at  sea  eii- 
route  from  Honolulu  to  Seattle,  Sept.  1,  1903. 

PARKER,   Joseph  Benson,   naval  officer  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Bloomfield,   Perry  co.,   Pa., 
June  20,  1841,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary   (Sheerer) 
Parker.      His   earliest   paternal   American   ancestor 
was  presumably  Nathaniel  Parker,  a  loyalist  who 
came    from    Lancaster,    England,    and    settled    in 
Boston   in  the  eighteenth  century;   from  him  the 
line  of  descent   is  traced  through   his  son  Jacob, 
anil  his  son  James  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Moffit, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Joseph  Benson  Par- 
ker.    His   father,  though   formerly   a  member   of 
the   Church    of    England,    early    affiliated    himself 
with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  became 
a    powerful    preacher    and    pulpit    orator    of    that 
church     in     the     Harrisburg     conference,    holding 
charges  in  Perry  and  Cumberland  counties,  notably 
at  Carlisle.     The  son  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  Carlisle,  and  was 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1860  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.,  subsequently  receiving  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  that  institution.     He  then  began  the 
study  of  medicine  at  Richmond,  Va.,  but  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  removed  to  Martinsburg 
(now  W.  Va.),  where  his  mother  was  then  living. 
Subsequently  he  entered  the  federal  army  as  medi- 
cal cadet  and  was  stationed  at  Howard  Hospital, 
near   Washington,   and   was  later   detailed   to   the 
Army  Hospital,  St.  Louis.     Shortly  thereafter  he 
was  transferred  to  the  naval  branch  of  the  service, 
and  for  two  years  served  under  Adm.  Porter  (q.v.) 
in    the    Mississippi    squadron.    He    was    honorably 
discharged  at  the  end  of  the  war  with  the  rank  of 
assistant   surgeon,   after   which   he   completed    his 
medical  course  at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, New  York  city,  graduating  in  1865  with  the 
degree  of  M.D.     He  at  once  began  active  practice 
in  Baltimore,  but  in  1866  he  re-enlisted  in  the  navy 
as  assistant   surgeon,  and   remained   in   the  service 
until  his  retirement,  with  the  rank  of  rear  admiral, 
in  1903      During  his  active  service  of  thirty  sc\eu 
vears  he  served  on  all  the  foreign  stations  except 
the  European.     The  more  important  shore  stations 
to    which    he    was   ;itt:iched    are   the    U.    S.    Naval 
Academy,   the   Portsmouth,   N.   H.,   Boston,   Mass., 
and   Washington,  D.   C.,  navy  .yards,  the  torpedo 
stations   at    Newport   and    the   naval    hospitals    at 
Cliel-ca.     Mass.,     Brooklyn,     N.     Y.,     Washington, 
1).  «'.,  and   Philadelphia,   Pa.,  the  command   of  the 
hospital   at   the   last   named   place  being   his   final 
active  duty  before  retirement.     He  also   served   as 
president  'of    naval    medical    examining    board    in 
Washington  and  medical  expert  of  the  senate  com- 
mittee  investigating  the   Ford   theater   disaster    in 
Washington  in  1895.     In_the  late  seventies  he  was 
appointed   assistant  to  the  chief  of  the  bureau  of 
medicine   and    surgery,   navy   department   and  was 
for    a    time    acting    chief.      During    this    service 
he     edited     a     volume     entitled     "Hygienic     ami 


Medical  Reports,"  by  naval  medical  officers,  now 
accounted  among  the  valuable  records  of  the  de- 
partment. He  was  past  senior  vice-commander  of 
the  Pennsylvania  commandery,  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion,  charter  member  of  the  Sigma 
Chi  fraternity,  and  a  member  of  the  Belle  Lett  res 
Society,  Masonic  fraternity,  Union  League  Club, 
Philadelphia,  and  of  various  medical  associations. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions  though  modest 
and  unobtrusive;  of  gentle  and  polished  manner, 
high  principles  and  of  great  dignity  of  bearing. 
He  had  great  love  of  the  classics,  especially  the 
Greek  philosophers.  He  was  married  at  Salem, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  15,  1868,  to  Margaret  J.,  daughter  of 
Judge  Thomas  J.  Yorke,  president  of  the  West 
Jersey  &  Sea  Shore  (Pennsylvania  system)  Rail- 
road Co.;  she  survives  him,  with  two  children: 
Mary  Sheerer,  wife  of  William  M.  Beaman,  and 
Eleanor  Yorke,  wife  of  William  Hemplull  Bell, 
medical  inspector,  U.  S.  N.  He  died  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Oct.  21,  1915.  (Portrait  opposite  pre- 
ceiling  page.) 

TJADER,  Charles  Richard,  author,  lecturer 
and  explorer,  was  born  at  Karlskrona,  Sweden, 
Apr.  21,  1869,  son  of  Karl  Jacob  and  Thecla 
Maria  (Sloor)  Tjader.  His  father  was  a  cap- 
tain in  the  Swedish  army.  The  son,  Richard, 
was  educated  at  the  high  school  in  Stockholm, 
at  the  theological  seminary  of  Upsala,  Sweden, 
and  began  his  active  career  in  evangelistic  work 
in  Germany  and  Sweden  about  1S90.  In  No- 
vember, 1898,  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
in  1906  led  an  expedition  into  British  East 
Africa  for  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  He  secured  new  species  of  antelopes, 
a  waterbuck  and  a  bushbock,  both  now  named 
after  him,  and  numerous  species  of  other  ani- 
mals. The  head  of  the  largest  elephant  ever 
lirought  to  this  country,  which  he  killed  in 
Africa,  is  now  in  the  exhibition  room  of  heads 
and  horns,  at  Bronx  Park,  New  York  city. 
When  alive  this  elephant  stood  ten  feet  four 
inches  in  height  at  the  shoulder  and  was  twenty- 
two  feet  and  eight  inches  in  length.  The  tusks 
were  six  feet  and  four  inches  long  and  weighed 
160  pounds.  He  also  brought  home  a  live 
rhinoceros  for  the  Bronx  Park  Zoo,  as  well  as 
thirteen  tons  of  trophies.  After  his  return  from 
Africa  in  1907  he  gave  many  illustrated  lectures 
on  his  African  expedition  in  America,  Sweden 
and  Germany.  On  Feb.  22,  1900,  he  was  on 
the  Himalayan  mountains,  in  northern  India, 
with  his  wife,  and  they  were  led,  after  much 
prayer,  to  devote  their  utmost  efforts  to  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  Gospel  in  heathen  lands.  The 
following  day  two  native  evangelists,  in  great 
need  of  support,  were  brought  to  their  attention, 
and  they  became  the  first  missionaries  of  the 
International  Union  Mission.  On  the  return  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tjader  to  America,  interest  in  the 
heathen  was  so  awakened  among  their  friends 
that  in  January,  1901,  the  International  Union 
Mission  was  organized  and  incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York.  At  present 
(1919)  it  supports  mission  workers  in  India, 
China,  Japan  and  Africa.  Mr.  Tjader  was  the 
author  of  "Heils  und  Lobgesange, "  published 
in  Germany  (1892);  "  Bibelas  Triunif,"  in 
Swedish  (1S97),  and  "The  Big  Game  of 
Africa,"  New  York  (1910).  He  was  the  in- 
\entor  of  a  screw  propeller,  for  which  he  re 
rei'-ed  a  patent  in  1909,  and  of  a  marine  speed- 
ometer and  the  "Tjader  automatic  davit." 
both  of  which  were  patented  in  1916  While 
still  in  Sweden,  in  1S96-97,  he  served  as  a  con- 


AMERICAN  e 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


145 


script  in  the  bicycle  corps  of  the  Gb'ta  Life 
Guards.  He  was  possessed  of  great  physir:i! 
strength  and  courage,  besides  being  athletic  and 
of  tireless  energy.  Mr.  Tjader  was  of  a  musical 
and  artistic  nature,  as  well  as  a  linguist  of 
ability.  Ho  was  a  member  of  the  Campfire 
Club  of  America,  the  American  Canoe  Associa- 
tion, the  Rowaytou  Yacht  Club,  the  National 
Rifle  Association  of  America,  the  Navy  League 
and  the  National  Defense  League  of  America. 
His  favorite  diversions  were  swimming,  sailing, 
hunting,  "fishing  and  motoring.  He  was  twice 
married,  first,  in  Germany,  in  1S90,  to  Helene 
Diedrichs;  second,  Sept.  19,  isnu.  to  Margaret 
B.  Thome,  of  New  York  city.  His  children  are: 
Helene  D.,  Ruth  S.,  Karin  M.,  Marguerite  T.  and 
Richard  T.  Tjader.  He  died  in  New  York  city 
Dec.  27,  Iftlli. 

ZANG,  Adolph  Joseph,  capitalist,  was  born  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Aug.  14,  1856,  son  of  Philip  ami 
Elizabeth  (Herlebans)  Zang.  His  father  a  native 
of  Aschaffenburg,  Bavaria,  came  to  this  country 
in  1H53,  landing  in  Philadelphia.  In  1S54  he  went 
to  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  founded  a  brewery 
under  the  firm  name  of  Zang  <£  Co.  in  1859.  Ten 
years  later  he  removed  to  Denver  where  he  founded 
the  Rocky  Mountain  Brewing  Co.,  the  name  being 
later  changed  to  The  Philip  Zan?  Brewing  Co.; 
he  was  also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Vindicator 
Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Co.  The  son  received  his 
early  education  in  a  private  school  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  conducted  by  Prof.  Heilmau,  supplemented  by 
two  years  of  educational  training  in  Germany.  He 
began  his  business  career  with  the  i|ueensware  firm 
of  .1.  Dolfiuger  &  Co.  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  ami  in 
l.s's'L',  went  to  Denver,  where  he  became  a  member 
of  the  firm  established  by  his  father.  In  1889  the 
business  was  sold  to  an  English  syndicate,  Mr. 
Zaug  remaining  with  the  firm  as  president  and  gen- 
eral manager,  until  1912.  He  assisted  in  organiz- 
ing the  Sehirmer  Insurance  &  Investment  Co., 
which  later  grew  into  the  house  of  the  American 
Bank  and  Trust  Co.  of  Denver,  of  which  he 
was  the  first  vice  president  and  a  director  until  his 
death.  He  was  also  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
famous  Vindicator  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Co., 
operating  large  and  heavily  producing  properties 
in  the  Cripple  Creek  district  of  Colorado,  and  was 
president  of  the  company  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  founded  and  named  the  town  of  Goldfield 
which  adjoins  the  Vindicator  property,  lie  was  also 
a  director  and  heavily  interested  in  the  Cresson 
Consolidated  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Co.  He  did 
much  to  assist  in  the  legitimate  development  of  the 
•  mining  industry,  not  only  in  Colorado,  but  through- 
out the  western  .  'ates.  Mr.  Zang  was  an  active 
and  compelling  force  in  every  public  movement  for 
civic  betterment  in  his  city  and  state,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  first  charter  convention  of  the  city 
and  county  of  Denver,  and  the  laws  framed  by 
that  convention  form  the  foundation  of  Denver 's 
government  today.  He  had  two  special  hobbies, 
the  love  of  pure  bred  horses  and  fine  books.  His 
4,000-acre  model  farm  a  few  miles  from  Denver  was 
utilized  mainly  for  the  breeding  of  pure  blooded 
horses,  and  his  string  became  noted  among  ex- 
hibitors throughout  the  entire  country.  His  taste 
in  literature  was  most  discriminating,  and  his  li- 
brary is  unequaled  in  size,  range  and  intrinsic  value 
in  the  state,  and  is  equaled  by  few  private  collec- 
tions in  the  United  States.  He  was  a  Shriner,  a 
Scottish  Rite  Mason  a  life  member  of  the  Den- 
ver Athletic  Club  and  a  member  of  every  civic  and 
commercial  organization  in  Denver,  but  he  was  es- 
sentially  domestic  in  his  tastes.  He  was  a  true  and 


liberal  philantrophist,  never  making  known  his 
beneficiaries,  but  giving  freely  to  charities  of  all 
kinds.  He  was  married  March  29th,  IKS],  to  Minnie 
Louise,  daughter  of  William  F.  Vogt,  jeweler,  ot 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  their  children  were:  Philip 
Adolph,  trust  officer,  assistant  secretary  and  di- 
rector of  the  American  Bank  and  Trust  Co.  of 
Denver,  and  a  director  of  the  Vindicator  Consoli- 
dated Gold  Mining  Co.;  Adolph  Frank,  vice-presi- 
dent, treasurer  and  a  director  of  the  Vindicator 
Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Co.,  and  secretary  and 
a  director  of  the  Cressou  Consolidated  Gold  Mining 
&  Milling  Co.;  Gertrude,  wife  of  Charles  Leedom 
Patterson;  Minnie  Elizabeth  and  Louise  Adel- 
gunda  Zang.  He  died  in  Denver  Colo.,  Sept  28 
191(5. 

THEBAUD,  John  James,  merchant,  was  born 
at  Port  Richmond,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  6, 
1S4:>,  son  of  Eugene  Sigimund  and  Victorien  An- 
toinette (Crassous)  Thebaud,  and  grandson  of 
Joseph  Thebaud,  whose  wife  was  a  Le  Breton. 
Joseph  Thebaud,  the  son  of  a  merchant  of  that 
name,  of  Nantes,  France,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1792  as  agent  of  the  French  Hast  India 
Co.  He  established  the  importing  house  of  The- 
liaud  in  New  York  city,  which  continues  now  in 
the  third  generation.  .John  .James  Thebaud  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools.  He  be- 
came an  expert  dyer,  and,  in  I  Mis,  established 
a  dyeing  and  cleaning  business  in  Buffalo  imder 
his  own  name.  In  the  same  year  he  took  his  broth- 
er, Charles  Thebaud,  in  the  business  as  his  assist- 
ant. Both  were  skilled  in  the  trade,  having  had 
experience  in  the  old  Staten  Island  Dye  Works, 
and  they  met  with  a  great  success  in  what  was 
then  a  new  industry  for  Buffalo.  In  1S70  another 
brother,  Victor  Thebaud,  joined  in  the  business, 
forming  a  copartnership  under  the  title  of  The- 
baud Bros.  Victor,  who  learner]  the  trade  after 
joining  his  brothers,  is  now  the  sole  survivor 
of  the  firm,  carrying  on  the  business  with  his  son 
Frank,  retaining  the  old  firm  style  of  Thebaud 
Bros.  The  house  early  gained  a  reputation  for  its 
satisfactory  work,  and  under  the  personal  direc- 
tion of  the  subject  it  thrived  and  prospered.  Aside 
from  this  business  he  made  considerable  invest- 
ments in  city  and  suburban  real  estate.  In  Is^; 
he  purchased  the  ('lough  farm,  located  on  the 
south  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  now  known  as  Wana- 
kah,  on  which  lie  made  many  improvements,  even 
to  installing  sewer  and  water  systems.  He  also 
built  some  houses  on  the  estate,  which  he  named 
Grand  View  Park,  and  which  was  novel  in  that  it 
was  a  splendid  country  summer  home  property 
within  thirty  minutes'  ride  of  the  heart  of  the 
city.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Repub- 
lican party.  He  was  a  strong  advocate  of  cem- 
perance  and  belonged  to  several  societies  devoted 
to  that  cause.  He  was  known  for  his  integrity 
and  honesty  among  the  business  men  of  his  time, 
also  for  his  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and  the  part 
he  played  in  the  development  of  Buffalo.  He  ap- 
preciated fully  the  resources  of  the  district,  and 
especially  its  great  railroad  and  marine  possi- 
bilities, and  had  absolute  faith  in  its  steady  prog- 
ress, being  an  early  prophet  of  the  city's  future 
greatness.  He  was  liberal  in  thought,  ami  although 
his  schooling  stopped  when  he  was  a  mere  youth, 
he  had  the  faculty  of  acquiring  knowledge  an.i 
applying  it  intelligently  to  the  uses  of  life.  He  was 
married  in  New  York  city,  Mar.  29,  1SG9,  to  Annie 
Maria,  daughter  of  Morris  llerley,  a  merchant 
tailor  of  New  York  city;  she  died  in  190li.  There 
are  four  surviving  children:  John  Edward,  a  civil 
engineer  and  patent  attorney ;  Eugene  D.,  a  chem- 


146 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


1st;  Estelle  Annie,  wife  of  Edward  Gillette  Van 
Winkle,  Hornell,  N.  Y.,  and  Celesta  Augusta,  wife 
of  Dr.  Harry  Richard  S.  Ernes,  Toronto,  Can.  Mr. 
Thebaud  died  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  18,  1899. 

KtTGELEH,  Henry  Behrent  Albert,  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  July 
30,  1870,  son  of  August  and  Meta  (von  Krog) 
Kugeler.  His  father,  a  native  of  Germany,  came 
to  America  in  1856  and  settled  in  San  Francisco, 
where  he  was  a  merchant.  Henry  B.  A.  Kugeler 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  grammar 
and  high  schools  of  San  Francisco,  which  latter 
gave  him  the  Bridge  Medal.  After  a  year  at 
the  University  of  California  he  entered  the  Toland 
Medical  Colle'ge  of  that  institution,  and  was  grad- 
uated in  1890,  with  the  degree  M.  D.  He  took  post- 
graduate work  at  the  University  of  Vienna  under 
Prof.  Nothnagle,  in  1892;  in  Heidelberg  under 
Czerny;  in  the  clinics  of  Virchow  and  Bergmann, 
in  Berlin,  in  1893;  in  Breslau  under  Mikulizz,  and 
also  visited  Kacher  's  Clinic  at  Berne.  Thus 
equipped  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
San  Francisco  in  1894  and  won  a  unique  and  an 
immediate  success.  The  following  year  he  was  ap- 
pointed adjunct  professor  of  histology  and  path- 
ology at  the  University  of  California.  He  then  be- 
gan to  specialize  in  surgery,  and  was  senior  assist- 
ant in  the  department  of  surgery  in  the  out-patient 
clinic  of  the  University  of  California  Medical 
School  in  1898;  during  1901-1911  he  was  instructor 
in  surgery  at  that  institution.  He  was  president 
(1913-14)  of  the  San  Francisco  County  Medical 
Society;  president  of  the  University  of  California 
Medical  School  Alumni  Association,  and  a  member 
of  the  University  Club,  San  Francisco.  He  was  a 
scientist  and  a  scholar  who  was  doing  much  to  ex- 
tend the  boundaries  of  technical  knowledge,  and  at 
forty-five  had  made  for  himself  a  state-wide  reputa- 
tion. He  had  the  gift  of  research  and  kept  abreast 
of  every  advancement  in  Ids  line,  and  was  himself  a 
pioneer  whose  achievements  were  acknowledged  by 
the  leaders  at  the  University.  His  writings  covered 
a  wide  scope,  and  were  given  place  in  such  publica- 
tions as  the  ' '  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,"  "California  Medical  Bulletin," 
"  California  State  Journal  of  Medicine,"  and  the 
' '  Occidental  Medical  Times. ' '  He  wrote  on  ' '  Anae- 
mia in  its  Relation  to  Surgery,"  ' '  Kctopic  Preg- 
nancy," "Successful  Removal  of  Brain  Tumors," 
and  a  ' '  Plea  for  the  Earlier  Radical  Surgical 
Treatment  of  Gastric  Ulcer. ' '  He  was  a  hard 
worker  in  the  field  of  surgery,  cool,  patient,  per- 
sistent. He  was  married  Dec.  26,  1903,  to  Louise, 
daughter  of  Adolph  Coors,  a  brewer  of  Golden 
and  Denver,  Col.;  she  survives  him,  with  three 
children :  Erene  Louise  Johanna,  Henry  Adolph, 
anu  Herman  Coors  Kugeler.  He  died  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  Dec.  27,  1914. 

HITCH,  Robert  Mark,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Morven,  Brooks  co.,  Ga..  Feb.  14,  1872,  son  of 
Robert  Marcus  and  Martha  Serena  (Fall)  Hitch, 
grandson  of  William  Winder  and  Nancy  (Hunter) 
Hitch;  great  grandson  of  John  and  Katherine 
(  Hanna  )  Hitch,  and  great-great  grandson  of  Luth- 
er and  Mary  i  Nicholson)  Hitch.  Luther  Hitch 
served  with  the  Maryland  line  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution,  and  his  son  John  was  for  many 
years  county  treasurer  of  Laurens  county,  S.  C. 
Dr.  Robert  Marcus  Hitch,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, was  a  physician  and  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  captain  of  Co.  B,  30th  Ga.  Inf.,  and  as  regi- 
mental surgeon  with  rank  of  major.  Robert  Mark 
Hitch  received  his  preliminary  education  at  Morven 
^a.)  Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, Macon,  Ga.,  in  1892  with  the  degree  of  A. 


B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Quitman, 
Ga..,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Calvin  M., 
now  (1918)  U.  S.  consul  at  Nottingham,  England, 
under  the  firm  style  of  Hitch  &  Hitch.  Since  1S9K 
he  has  practiced  at  Savannah,  Ga.  He  is  general 
counsel  for  railroads  and  banks;  represents  numer- 
ous private  corporations,  and  specializes  in  cor- 
poration and  commercial  law.  Aside  from  his 
legal  activities  he  is  officer  or  director  in  various 
commercial,  industrial  and  financial  institutions 
in  Georgia.  He  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain 
in  the  Georgia  national  guard;  volunteered,  as 
private  for  the  Spanish-American  war,  and,  at 
its  close  was  honorably  discharged  as  sergeant,  Co. 
M,  2nd  Ga.  Vol.  Inf.  He  has  also  taken  a  prom- 
inent part  in  politics.  During  1900-01  he  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  Georgia 
from  Chatham  county ;  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1908 ;  was  for  ten  years  chairman  of  the  Demo- 
cratic executive  committee  of  the  first  congression- 
al district  of  Georgia,  and  several  times  .a  member 
of  the  state  Democratic  executive  committee.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Bar  Association,  and 
of  the  Savannah  Golf  Club  and  other  organizations. 
He  was  married  Nov.  21,  1900,  co  Virginia 
Eppes,  daughter  of  !>:.  Nrutim  l-\  YVslker,  LL.D., 
of  Cedar  Spring.  S.  C.,  superintendent  of  the  South 
Carolina  Institution  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and 
Blind;  they  have  two  children:  Virginia  Eppes  and 
Robert  Mark  Hitch,  Jr. 

CADY,  Hurt  Duward,  lawyer  and  realty 
operator,  was  born  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  July  L'.~>, 
1^74,  son  of  Elwin  M.  and  Mehitable  K.  (Kim- 
ball)  Cady.  His  father  was  engaged  in  the  grain 
ami  lumber  business;  was  for  years  deputy  col- 
lector of  customs  at  Port  Huron,  and  at  his 
death  was  an  alderman.  The  son  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city; 
studied  law  under  the  preceptorship  of  Avery 
Brothers  &  Walsh;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Michigan  in,  1^95,  and  in  that  year  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Port  Huron,  where 
he  has  since  been  in  continuous  practice,  and  has 
been  connected  with  much  of  the  important  litiga- 
tion in  the  courts  of  St.  Clair  county.  In  1903 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Clifford  W.  Crau- 
dall,  under  the  firm  name  of  Oarly  &  Ornndall. 
Since  1909  he  has  practiced  independently.  Aside 
from  his  professional  activities  he  is  president 
of  the  Desmond  Realty  Co.;  Edison  Realty  Co.; 
\Vestfield  Realty  Co.;  Oakhurst  Realty  Co. ;'  Gran- 
dale  Realty  Co.,  all  of  Detroit,  and  the  Westgate 
Realty  &  Home  Building  Co.  and  the  Home  Realty 
Co.,  Port  Huron,  and  a  director  in  Cozy  Homes, 
Ltd.,  Welland,  Ont.  He  is  also  president  of 
the  Port  Huron  Driving  Park  and  Agricultural 
Society.  In  1896  he  was  elected  assistant  police 
justice  of  Port  Huron  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
He  served  as  circuit  court  commissioner  in  1899- 
1900;  prosecuting  attorney  of  St.  Clair  county  in 
1901-03;  was  elected  to  the  Michigan  State  Sen- 
ate from  the  llth  senatorial  district  in  1906,  and 
in  1909  Pres.  Taft  appointed  him  postmaster 
of  Port  Huron,  in  which  capacity  he  con- 
tinued until  1914,  giving  to  the  city  a  most 
capable  and  satisfactory  administration.  He  is 
now  (1919)  city  attorney  of  Port  Huron,  and 
chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  St. 
Clair  county.  For  years  he  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Republican  county  committee.  In  1896  he 
formed  the  municipal  league  of  Republican  clubs, 
Port  Huron,  and  for  some  years  was  its  presi- 
dent. He  was  secretnrv  of  the  state  league  of 
Republican  clubs  in  1897,  vice-president,  1898,  and 


JOHN  J.  THEBAUD 

MERCHANT 


HENRY  B.  A.  KUGELER 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


ROBERT  M.  HITCH 
LAWYER 


BURT  D.  CADY 
LAWYER 


ELEANOR  E.  FREER 
COMPOSER 


OLIVER  P.  COSHOW 

LAWYER 


GEORGE  B.  HOPSON 
EDUCATOR 


DAVID  A.  AMOSS 
PHYSICIAN 


OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


147 


president,  1899.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, trustee  of  the  Congregational  Church,  and  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution ; 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  the 
Detroit  Athletic  Club,  Detroit,  and  the  Welland 
Cluli,  Welland,  Ont.,  and  is  president  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  his  lodge,  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks.  He  was  married  June  3,  1902,  to 
Mary  K.,  daughter  of  Robert  Beamer,  pioneer 
settler  at  Lapeer,  Mich.;  they  have  two  children: 
Eleanor  Maurine  and  Gordon  Duward  Cady. 

NICHOLSON,  Hugh  Gideon,  physician  an. I 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Oakville,  Warren  co.,  N.  C., 
Aug.  29,  1871,  son  of  Tjideon  Wesley  and  Emily 
Shepperd  (Conrad)  Nicholson.  His  first  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  James  Nicholson,  a  native 
of  Scotland,  who  came  to  this  country  in  1746 
and  settled  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland,  near 
the  Virginia  line.  From  him  the  descent  is  traced 
through  his  son  Benjamin,  his  son  James,  his  son 
\Vyatt  and  his  wife,  Miss  Pegram,  and  their  son 
Benjamin  and  his  wife  Betty  Vaughan,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Hugh  Gideon  Nicholson.  His 
father  was  active  in  educational  advancement  and 
advanced  methods  of  farming,  etc.  The  son  was 
educated  under  private  tutors  and  at  the  Macon 
(N.  C.)  high  school,  being  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity College  of  Medicine,  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
1897.  He  began  his  preparation  for  the  study  of 
medicine  in  the  retail  drug  store  of  John  W.  Har- 
rison at  Macon,  N.  C.,  in  1884.  The  following 
year  he  went  with  Dr.  L.  Julien  Picot  at  Little- 
ton, N.  C.,  and  was  subsequently  in  the  employ  of 
W.  T.  Cheatham  &  Co.,  at  Henderson,  N.  C.,  1888- 
91;  George  P.  Catling,  Norfolk,  Ya.  1S91-92  and 
from  1SH2  until  he  began  the  special  study  of 
medicine  in  the  fall  of  1894,  was  employed  by 
R.  G.  Cabell,  Jr.  &  Co.  Upon  completing  his 
course  in  1897,  he  engaged  in  a  private  practice 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  devoting  most  of  his  time  and 
attention  to  surgery.  He  was  resident  physician 
to  the  Virginia  Hospital,  to  which  position  he 
was  appointed  in  1897,  and  was  superintendent 
and  surgeon  in  charge  of  the  Sheltering  Arms 
Hospital,  Hansford,  W.  Va.,  in  1898-1901.  Since 
1901  he  has  pursued  a  private  practice  in  Charles- 
ton, W.  Va.,  where  he  was  proprietor  of  the  Bar- 
ber Sanatorium  and  Hospital  in  1910-12.  Dr. 
Nicholson  has  acted  as  treasurer  of  the  West 
Virginia  Medical  Association  since  1909,  and  is 
aU:>  a  member  of  all  the  Masonic  bodies  of  that 
state  and  the  B.P.O.E.  James  Nicholson,  who 
founded  the  family  in  America,  was  the  father  of 
two  sons  and  a  daughter.  The  daughter  was  mar- 
ried to  Barton  Key  of  Frederick,  Md.,  and  their 
son,  Francis  Scott  Key,  was  the  author  of  ' '  The 
Star  Spangled  Banner."  Dr.  Nicholson  was  mar- 
ried Apr.  16,  1903,  to  Roberta,  daughter  of  Robert 
A.  Coleman,  of  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  and  has  two 
children:  Hugh  G.  and  Mildred  Nicholson. 

COSHOW,  Oliver  Perry,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Brownsville,  Linn  co.,  Ore.,  Aug.  14,  1863,  son  of 
Oliver  Perry  and  Sarah  Elizabeth  (C'ochran)  Co- 
show,  grandson  of  Robert  and  Julia  (Perin)  Co- 
show,  and  great  grandson  of  William  Coshow,  who 
purchased  a  tract  of  land  from  Daniel  Boone,  in 
Kentucky.  His  father  was  a  merchant  and  farmer; 
in  1851  he  became  an  Oregon  pioneer,  and  for  a 
period  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  woolens 
at  Brownsville.  Oliver  Perry  Coshow  received  his 
education  in  the  grammar  schools  of  Brownsville ; 
Portland  (Ore.)  high  school,  and  at  the  University 
of  Oregon.  For  three  years  he  was  secretary  of 
the  Brownsville  Woolen  Mills  Co.  Meanwhile,  he 


studied  law  and  in  1889  went  to  Albany,  Ore.,  to 
compete  his  studies  under  the  preceptorship  of 
James  K.  Weatherford.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Oregon  bar  in  1.S90;  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession as  an  associate  in  the  office  of  his  precep- 
tor, and  in  1892  removed  to  McMinnville,  Ore., 
where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Oliver  H.  Ir- 
vine, under  the  firm  style  of  Irvine  &  Coshow.  He 
continued  in  this  relation  until  1896,  when  he  was 
appointed  deputy  district  attorney.  After  a  year 
in  that  office  he  removed  to  Roseburg,  Ore.,  where 
he  has  since  been  engaged  independently  in  general 
practice.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon  state 
senate  for-  Douglas  county  in  1904-Os,  and  since 
1909  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Higher 
Curricula,  by  appointment  of  the  governor.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Democratic  party. 
Aside  from  his  legal  activities  he  assisted  in  or- 
ganizing the  Umpqua  Valley  Bank,  and  was  its 
first  president,  and  is  a  director  in  the  Thomas 
Kay  Woolen  Mill  Co.,  Salem.  He  is  a  32d  degree 
Mason ;  past  grand  patron  of  the  Eastern  Star, 
and  a  member  of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  United  Artisans,  and  the 
Woodmen  of  the  World.  Active  in  the  church  and 
religious  welfare  work  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
he  has  served  as  president  of  the  Baptist  Conven- 
tion of  Oregon,  and  for  over  two  decades  has  acted 
as  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school.  He  was 
married  at  Brownsville,  Ore.,  Dec.  25,  1886,  to  Eliz- 
abeth, ilaiiiiliti'r  of  Thomas  Kay,  pioneer  woolen 
manufacturer  of  the  Pacific  coast ;  they  have  four 
children:  Elizabeth  Kay,  wife  of  "Dr.  E.  B. 
Stewart ;  Minnie  Hazel,  wife  of  Knaffle  H.  Pickens, 
Roseburg,  Ore.;  Lenore  Dale  and  Bertha  Leone 
Coshow. 

HOPSON,  George  Bailey,  educator,  was  born 
at  Naugatuck,  Conn.,  Jan.  18,  1838,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Oliver  and  Caroline  (Allis)  Hopson,  and  a 
descendant  of  John  Hopson,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England;  from  him  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Ailing  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mary  Fow- 
ler; their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mercy  Collins; 
their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mamre  Hall;  and 
their  sou  John  Collins  and  his  wife  Persis  Swift, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  father  was  a  graduate  of  Trinity 
(then  Washington)  College,  and  for  many  years 
was  rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Naugatuck, 
Conn.  The  son  was  educated  in  private  schools  at 
Poultney,  Vt.,  and  at  the  Troy  Conference  Acad- 
emy, and  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  in  1857.  The  next  three  years  he 
spent  in  teaching  a  private  school  at  Poultney,  Vt., 
and  in  the  fall  of  1860  entered  the  General  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  New  York,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1S63.  He  was  ordained  deacon  by 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Potter  (q.  v.),  Protestant 
Episcopal  bishop  of  New  York,  on  June  28,  1863, 
and  on  the  following  Sunday  began  his  duties  as 
assistant  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Alfred  B.  Beach  (q.  v.), 
in  St.  Peter's  church,  New  York  city.  About  a 
month  later  he  met  with  a  serious  accident,  which 
compelled  him  to  give  up  his  position  and  abandon 
all  work  for  a  time,  but  in  October  of  the  same 
year,  having  regained  his  health,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  professorship  of  Latin  in  St.  Stephen's 
College,  Annandale,  N.  Y.  A  year  after  his  ap- 
pointment he  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by 
Bishop  Potter.  In  1^74  he  was  assigned  by  thf 
warden  of  St.  Stephen's  College,  who  was  ex- 
officio  rector  of  the  parish,  to  the  charge  of  _ the 
morning  service  and  of  the  parochial  work  in  the 
church  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist.  Barrytown, 


148 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


N.  Y.  Aside  from  these  duties  he  held  the  posi- 
tion of  acting  warden  of  the  college  on  three  dif- 
ferent occasions.  In  1914,  having  completed  fifty 
years  as  professor  of  Latin  at  St.  Stephen 's,  he 
was  made  professor-emeritus  of  the  Latin  language 
and  literature.  The  degrees  of  D.D.  and  D.C.L. 
were  conferred  on  him  by  the  college.  Dr.  Hopsoii 
was  the  author  of  ''A  History  of  St.  Stephen's 
College,"  and  of  pamphlets  entitled  "Beneficiary 
Education  of  Young  Men  for  the  Sacred  Ministry" 
and  "Essay  on  Fasting  Communion."  He  was  a 
Mason  and  Knight  Templar.  Justice  and  kindness 
were  his  dominating  characteristics.  He  was  mar- 
ried Mar.  29,  1S64,  to  Mary  Williamson,  daughter 
of  Francis  Upton  Johnston,  M.D.,  of  New  York 
city.  Two  sons  survive,  Francis  Johnstone,  a  law- 
yer of  New  York  city,  and  William  Oliver  Hop- 
son,  of  San  Francisco.  He  died  at  Annandale, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  30,  1916. 

AMOSS,  David  Alfred,  physician,  was  born 
at  Burnsville,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky./Oct.  19,  1857,  son 
of  Edward  N.  and  Ann  Eliza  (Lindsay)  Amoss, 
and  grandson  of  Thomas  Amoss,  whose  wife  was 
Caroline  Snowdon  Waters,  and  who  came  to  this 
country  with  William  Penn.,  and  settled  at  Orange 
Court  House,  Va.,  about  1779.  His  maternal  grand- 
father was  a  physician,  as  was  also  his  father. 
David  A.  Amoss  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  county  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age, 
when  he  attended  Maj.  Ferrel's  school  at  Hopkius- 
ville,  Ky.,  and  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  military 
company  connected  with  that  school.  In  1S75  he 
was  a  student  in  Fairview,  Ky.,  then  studied  medi- 
cine with  his  father  for  one  year,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College  in 
1879.  For  twelve  years  he  practiced  in  Caldwell 
county,  later  called  Cobb,  then  removed  to  Paducah. 
In  1902,  however,  because  of  ill  health,  he  was  com- 
prlli-d  to  return  to  his  old  practice  at  Cobb.  He 
was  very  successful  and  his  practice  extended  over 
a  territory  of  twenty  square  miles.  He  took  upon 
himself  all  the  burdens  of  his  patients ;  no  trouble 
was  too  grievous  or  too  secret  to  bring  to  him, 
no  sorrow  too  sacred  that  they  might  not  ask  him 
to  lighten  it.  Dr.  Amoss  organized  the  tobacco- 
growers  of  his  section  into  a  stock  company  for 
the  cultivation,  improvement  and  the  securing  of 
a  better  price  for  tobacco.  He  also  erected  a 
warehouse  for  the  handling  of  tobacco,  which  be- 
came a  kind  of  rallying-point  or  center  where  the 
planters  met  and  discussed  their  troubles.  During 
the  years  1903-07  the  tobacco  trust  brought  prices 
so  low  that  small  farmers  were  unable  to  raise  to- 
bacco with  profit.  The  more  important  tobacco 
growers  obtained  a  satisfactory  price  for  their 
product  and  bought  up  the  crops  of  the  small 
growers,  who  were  obliged  to  take  for  them  what 
they  could  get.  A  bitter  feeling  arose  among  them 
that  threatened  civil  strife  and  bloodshed.  Dr. 
Amoss  felt  it  his  duty  to  abate  the  evil  conditions 
as  far  as  possible,  and  probably  no  other  man  in 
his  community  could  have  influenced  for  good  400 
or  500  desperate  men  as  he  did,  turning  the  tide 
of  anger  against  the  property  of  the  tobacco  trust 
instead  of  that  of  the  planters.  Later  the  gover- 
nor of  Kentucky  offered  a  reward  of  $500  for  his 
capture.  After"  his  arrest  he  was  placed  on  trial 
charged  with  being  the  leader  of  the  "  Night 
Eiders"  in  a  raid  made  upon  Hopkinsville,  Ky., 
Dec.  6,  1907.  At  the  trial,  held  in  March,  1910,  he 
was  promptly  acquitted  after  a  brief  consideration 
by  the  jury.  Dr.  Amoss  ministered  to  the  com- 
munity which  he  served  with  the  most  painstaking 
conscientiousness  and  his  death  occasioned  wide- 
spread sorrow  and  a  desolating  sense  of  loss.  He 


was  a  member  of  various  medical  societies  and  of 
the  Country  Club.  His  favorite  pursuits  were  fox- 
hunting, fishing  and  gardening,  although  he  gave 
very  little  time  to  pleasure.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Christian  Church.  His  dominating  character- 
istics were  courage,  diffidence,  taciturnity,  persist- 
ency, generosity  and  justice.  He  was  married 
Aug.  19th,  1885,  to  Carolyn  Waters,  daughter  of 
C.  A.  C.  Lindsay,  an  educator  of  Hopkinsville,  Ky., 
and  their  children  are:  Harold  Lindsay,  M.D.,  of 
Eockefeller  Institute,  New  York  city,  and  Marian 
Harvey,  a  musician,  wife  of  Rawles  Moore,  a  law- 
yer, of  Medford,  Ore.  He  died  in  New  York  city, 
Nov.  3,  1915.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 
BERRYHILL,  James  'Guest,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Iowa  City,  la.,  Nov.  5,  1852,  son  of  Charles  H. 
and  Elizabeth  (Guest)  Berryhill.  His  earliest 
known  American  ancestor  was  Andrew  Berryhill, 
of  English  origin.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Alexander  and  his  wife 
Matilda  Gillespy;  their  son  Andrew  and  his  wife 
— ;  and  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Eliza 
Hughes,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our  sub- 
ject. James  Guest  Berryhill  received  his  prelimi- 
nary education  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of 
Iowa  City;  was  graduated  at  the  State  University 
of  Iowa  ia  1873  with  the  degree  of  B.Ph.,  and  at 
the  College  of  Law  of  that  institution  in  1876  with 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  In  1877  he  entered  into  a  law 
partnership  with  George  F.  Henry,  under  the  style 
of  Berryhill  and  Henry,  at  Des  Moines,  la.  Aside 
from  his  profession  he  is  interested  in  various  com- 
mercial enterprises;  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  Iowa  National  ami  Des  Moines  Savings  banks 
of  Des  Moines;  Warfield  Pratt  Howell,  wholesale 
grocers;  Brown,  Camp,  hardware  merchants,  as 
well  as  with  leading  lumber  lines  and  coal  and 
metal  mining  in  various  sections  of  the  country, 
and  was  also  active  in  the  construction  and  devel- 
opment of  certain  Western  railroads.  Mr.  Berry- 
hill  was  for  many  years  active  in  Iowa  politics.  In 
1885  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  the  Iowa  leg- 
islature, and  as  chairman  of  the  appropriations 
committee  brought  about  the  retirement  of  a  large 
floating,  debt  of  the  state,  and  assisted  in  the  en- 
actment of  Iowa  's  model  railroad  law,  which  en- 
grossed the  attention  of  the  twenty-second  general 
assembly,  to  which  body  Mr.  Berryhill  was  also 
elected.  Later  he  inaugurated  the  commission 
form  of  government,  having  investigated  the  work- 
ing of  the  Galveston  (Tex.)  law.  This  measure 
formulated  largely  by  Mr.  Berryhill  has  become 
known  as  the  Des  Moines  form  of  government,  and 
has  been  adopted  by  nearly  three  hundred  cities  of 
this  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Economic  Association,  American  Academy  of  So- 
cial and  Political  Science,  American  Institute  of 
Mining  Engineers,  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  the  San  Francisco  Com- 
mercial Club  and  the  Grant  Club  of  Des  Moines; 
and  is  past  president  Des  Moines  Golf  and  Country 
and  West  End  clubs.  He.  was  married  at  Fair- 
field,  la.,  Jan.  19,  1S81,  to  Virginia  ,T.,  daughter 
of  Christian  W.  Slagle,  a  lawyer  of  Fairfield ;  they 
had  two  children:  James  Guest,  Jr..  a  lawyer  of 
San  Francisco,  and  Katharine,  wife  of  Lieut.  Will- 
iam Peace  Gaddis,  IT.  S.  N. 

GRIFFITHS,  Thomas,  mayor  of  Philadelphia 
and  judge,  was  born  in  Cork,  Ireland,  year  un- 
known. With  his  parents  he  went  to  Jamaica, 
where  they  became  friends  of  Isaac  Norris. 
About  171fi  he  followed  Mr.  Norris  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  like  him  became  a  merchant  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  a  Quaker  and  made  such  an 
impression  on  the  community  that  in  1723  he  was 


/? 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


14!) 


appointed  treasurer  of  the  Free  Society  of  Trad- 
ers, which  had  so  large  a  share  in  the  founding 
of  the  colony,  and  in  1724  tin-  Proprietary  made 
him  a  land  commissioner  with  Messrs.  Hill, 
Logan,  Norris  and  Assheton.  He  was  mayor  of 
Philadelphia  during  1729-31  and  in  1732  was 
appointed  keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  holding  the 
office  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1773  he  be- 
came a  councillor  to  the  lieutenant-governor,  and 
was  elected  to  a  second  term  as  mayor,  holding 
that  office  until  1734  inclusive.  His  third  term 
as  mayor  began  in  1737,  lasting  a  year,  and  on 
Aug.  13,  1739,  upon  the  reorganization  of  the 
supreme  court  after  the  close  of  the  service  of 
Chief  Justice  James  Logan,  he  was  commissioned 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  colony.  After 
a  satisfactory  performance  of  its  duties  for  some 
four  years,  he  resigned  when  the  court  was  re- 
organized under  Chief  Justice  John  Kinsey  in 
1743.  He  was  married  in  1717  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Isaac  Norris,  and  died  in  Philadelphia,  Dec. 
9,  1746. 

COBWIN,  David  Bruen,  lawyer,  capitalist  and 
soldier,  was  born  in  Dayton,  O.,  Nov.  27,  son  of 
Robert  G.  and  Eliza  (Bruen)  Corwin,  and  grand- 
son of  Ichabod  and  Sarah  (Gritfen)  Corwin.  While 
pursuing  Indians  in  the  then  new  state  of  Ohio, 
Ichabod  Corwin  discovered  a  beautiful  tract  of 
land  between  the  two  Miami  rivers,  and  he  moved 
there  in  1796.  His  farm  was  the  beginning  of  the 
present  city  of  Lebanon.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject was  a  "C.  S.  senator.  David  Bruen  Corwin 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lebanon 
and  at  Lebanon  Normal  Academy.  In  18(32 
he  responded  to  his  country's  call  for  aid  and 
became  a  second  lieutenant  in  an  Indian  regi- 
ment recruited  from  the  Cherokees  of  southern 
Kansas  and  Indian  Territory.  For  two  years  he 
seived  with  the  Army  of  the  Frontier,  being  en- 
gaged in  suppressing  guerilla  warfare  and  other 
lawlessness  in  that  section  of  the  country.  He 
was  piomoted  to  be  colonel  of  the  5th  regiment 
of  the  Indian  brigade  which  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Prairie  Grove  and  other  important  en- 
gagements in  the  southwest.  At  the  close  of  his 
military  service,  in  1864,  he  took  up  the  study  of 
law,  first  under  his  father,  in  Dayton,  and  later 
in  the  offices  of  Taft,  Sage  &  Haacke,  of  Cincin- 
nati. He  was  graduated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School  in  1866  with  the  degree  LL.B.,  and  after 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  partnership  with  his  brother, 
Quincy  Corwin,  in  Dayton,  under  the  firm  style 
of  Corwin  &  Corwin.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
elected  city  solicitor  of  Dayton,  serving  in  that 
office  two  terms  of  two  years  each.  Meanwhile,  he 
had  become  recognized  as  a  strong  and  influential 
factor  in  political  circles,  becoming  one  of  the 
leading  workers  in  the  ranks  of  the  Republican 
party.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
and  was  twice  appointed  city  solicitor.  About  1880 
he  became  secretary  of  the  Fifth  Street  Railway 
Co.,  Dayton,  and  subsequently  was  its  president. 
He  was  identified  with  the  organization  of  the 
City  Railway  Co.  in  1893  and  the  consolidation  of 
the  Third  Street  and  Fifth  Street  railways,  the 
Dayton  &  Soldiers'  Home,  and  the  Green  Line, 
under1  the  new  management  of  which  he  was 
president.  He  continued  thus,  displaying  marked 
ability  in  administrative  direction  until  his  retire- 
ment in  1909.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Cooper 
Insurance  Co.  until  it  was  consolidated  with  the 
North  British  Mercantile  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the 
Dayton  Gas  Light  Co.  He  was  a  companion  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  a  mem- 


ber of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Daytou 
City  and  Dayton  Bicycle  clubs,  and  of  the  Mont- 
gomery County  Bar  Association.    As  a.  lawyer  Col. 
Corwin    ranked    high.       To    legal   controversies   he 
sought  to  apply  the  general  principles  of  the  law 
rather   than   its   technical   interpretations,   and  his 
arguments  before  the  judge  and  jury  were  marked 
by   clearness,   logic   and   earnestness.      He   had   a 
pleasing  personality,  was  a  charming  conversation- 
alist and  a  delightful  raconteur.     Although  a  law- 
yer of  unusual  ability,  he  possessed  a  fine  sense 
of  civic  duty,  and  the  material  prosperity  of  the 
city  of   his  nativity   appealed   to   him  even   more 
than   did  the  practice   of  law.      Many   of  the   per- 
manent  improvements   of   Dayton    had    his   intelli- 
gent   direction   or    co-operation.      He   was   married 
Sept.    14,    1895,    to    Jessie,   daughter   of   William 
Smith  Bitzer,  of  Chillicothe,  O.    He  died  in  Cin- 
cinnati,  O.,  Apr.   9,   1917. 

WHITNEY,    Gertrude   Vanderbilt.    sculptor, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  daughter  of  Cornelius 
and   Alice   Claypoole    (Gwyune)    Vanderbilt.    Her 
father    (q.v.)    was   one  of  the  famous  Vanderbilt 
family,  and  descended  from  Jan  Aertseu  Van  Der 
Bilt,  a  native  of  the  province  of  Friesland,  near 
Zeyst,  the  Netherlands,  who  came  to  this  country 
in  1650  and  established  himself  at  Flatbush,  L.  I."; 
from  him  the   line   descends  through   his  son   Aris 
and  the  latter 's  wife  Hildegonde  or  Hilitje  Yan- 
derbleeck;    their    son    Jacob    who    first    settled    on 
Stateu  Island,  and  his  wife  Neiltje.  .....;   their 

son  Jacob  and  his  wife  Mary  Sprague;  their  son 
Cornelius  and  his  wife  Phebe  Hand;  and  their  son 
Cornelius  (the  Commodore,  q.v.)  and  his  wife 
Sophie  Johnson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  Mrs.  Whitney  attended 
the  Brearley  School,  New  York  city.  She  began 
to  study  sculpture  under  Henry  Anderson  and  later 
under  James  E.  Fraser  in  New"  York.  After  taking 
a  course  at  the  Art  Students'  League,  New  York, 
she  went  to  Paris  and  continued  her  studies  under 
Andrew  0  'Connor.  Among  the  more  notable  of 
her  designs  may  be  mentioned  the  bas  reliefs  in 
the  house  of  William  B.  Osgood  Field  in  Lenox, 
Mass.;  the  Aztec  Fountain  in  the  Pan- American 
Building  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  a  fountain  de- 
signed for  the  New  Arlington  Hotel  in  Washing- 
ton, which  was  awarded  honorable  mention  at  the 
Paris  Salon  of  191.1,  and  the  bronze  medal  at  the 
Panama-Pacific  Exhibition  in  San  Francisco,  1915; 
the  El  Dorado  Fountain  at  San  Francisco;  the  Ti- 
tanic Memorial  in  Washington,  D.  C. ;  the  trophy 
entitled  ' '  Victory ' '  for  the  II.  S.  Asiatic  Fleet,  and 
a  fountain  for  the  new  Colony  Club  in  New  York 
city.  In  1907  Mrs.  Whitney  was  awarded  the 
prize  offered  by  the  Architectural  League,  and  in 
1914  the  prize  offered  by  the  Association  of  Women 
Painters  and  Sculptors.  Her  compositions  are  in- 
variably stamped  with  dignity  and  intelligence. 
As  her  talent  progresses,  her  work  is  less  emotional 
and  more  fundamental,  or  as  Mr.  Frederick  .1. 
Gregg,  the  critic,  has  expressed  it:  "Whether  her 
idea  is  big  or  little,  yon  always  get  the  impression 
that,  in  essentials,  she  has  derived  it  from  life, 
throiigh  her  own  consciousness  and  her  own  con- 
victions." If  Mrs.  Whitney  had  never  done  any- 
thing herself,  as  a  sculptor,  she  would  have  left 
her  mark  indelibly  in  art  in  America.  Always  an 
enthusiastic  devotee  of  artistic  expression,  she  has 
been  deeply  interested  in  the  success  and  advance- 
ment of  students  in  design,  oil,  water  color,  pastel 
and  plastic.  She  has  given  encouragement  and  in- 
spiration to  workers  in  these  media  through  com- 
petitive exhibitions  at  her  New  York  studio  and 
by  offering  prizes  for  superior  original  productions. 


150 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


That  her  thoroughly  magnanimous  motives  are 
highly  appreciated  is  shown  by  the  large  number 
of  studies  sent  in  and  by  the  prominence  of  the 
artists  and  sculptors  who  are  pleased  to  act  on 
her  committees  of  award.  Soon  after  the  begin- 
ning of  the  European  war  in  1914,  she  established 
and  maintained  at  Juilly,  France,  a  hospital  for 
wounded  soldiers,  known  as  the  Ambulance  Ameri- 
caine  Hospital  B,  containing  225  beds,  and  directed 
by  a  staff  of  twenty-five  physicians,  surgeons,  and 
nurses.  She  is  a  member  of  the  American  Federa- 
tion of  Arts;  the  Association  of  Women  Painters 
and  Sculptors;  National  Institute  of  Social 
Sciences,  International  Historical  Society,  National 
Arts  Club,  and  the  Cosmopolitan  and  Colony  clubs. 
She  was  married  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  Aug.  25  1896, 
to  Harry  Payne  Whitney,  and  has  three  children: 
Flora  Payne,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  and  Barbara 
Whitney.  " 

SMITH,  Clinton  De  Witt,  agriculturist,  was 
born  at  Trumansburg,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  7,  1854,  son 
of  Reuben  S.  and  Clarissa  G.  (Pease)  Smith, 
grandson  of  John  and  Ruth  (Skinner)  Smith,  and 
great-grandson  of  Christopher  and  Charity  Smith, 
both  natives  of  Scotland.  Clinton  De  Witt  Smith 
attended  the  district  schools  of  Trumansburg  and 
was  graduated  at  Cornell  University,  in  1873,  with 
the  degree  of  B.S.,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.S. 
in  1875.  He  was  admitted  to  the  New  York  bar 
at  Albany  in  1886  and  in  1888  returned  to  Tru- 
niausburg,  where  he  practiced  two  years.  In  1890 
he  accepted  the  position  of  assistant  to  Prof.  G.  P. 
Roberts  of  Cornell,  and  aided  that  pioneer  in  agri- 
cultural science  in  laying  the  foundations  of  the 
great  work  since  rarri<-d  on  at  the  university.  His 
career  was  started  in  1891  when  he  was  appointed 
director  of  the  experiment  station  at  Arkansas, 
where  he  remained  but  a  few  months,  when  he 
was  unanimously  elected  director  of  the  Minnesota 
station  and  professor  of  dairy  husbandry  in  the 
University  of  Minnesota.  While  there  he  organ- 
ized the  special  short  courses  since  so  popular, 
and  built  the  first  dairy  building  of  any  magnitude 
in  America  for  the  giving  out  of  instruction  in 
butter  and  cheese-making.  He  was  called  to  the 
Michigan  Agricultural  College  in  1893  as  pro- 
fessor of  agriculture,  director  of  the  experiment. 
station  and  dean  of  special  courses,  remaining 
there  fifteen  years,  during  which  time  he  organ- 
ized the  short  courses  now  in  vogue;  increased  the 
mailing  list  of  the  experiment  station  many  thou- 
sands; planned  the  present  dairy  building  and  also 
took  the  initial  step  in  organizing  a  bacteriological 
department.  Because  of  his  maturity,  capability 
and  large  experience  in  agricultural  work,  in  I'.ms 
he  was  selected  by  the  Brazilian  minister  to  the 
United  States  as  first  president  of  the  Agricul- 
tural College  of  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.  He  resigned 
in  1913  to  return  to  this  country,  and  subse- 
quently engaged  in  extension  work  at  Cornell  Uni- 
versity until  1916,  when  he  became  owner  and 
manager  of  an  extensive  farm  at  Trumansburg, 
N.  Y.  Prof.  Smith  was  appointed  dean  of  the 
College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Illinois,  in 
l^i'7.  and  was  elected  president  of  the  New  Mex- 
ico Agricultural  College  in  1902.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Michigan  Academy  of  Science,  Alpha 
Zeta  Society;  a  charter  member  of  the  Michigan 
Dairy  Association,  and  of  the  National  Institute 
of  Social  Sciences.  He  was  a  Baptist  by  faith, 
and  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  had  done  con- 
siderable lecturing  during  his  later  years  and 
also  had  written  for  various  agricultural  magazines 
and  periodicals.  He  was  married,  June  16,  1892, 
to  Anna  Cora,  daughter  of  Isaiah  Smith,  of  Tru- 


mansburg, and  died  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  4. 
1916. 

HICKS,  Irl  B.,  clergyman,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher, was  born  at  Bristol,  Tenn.,  Dee.  IS,  1844, 
son  of  Abram  J.  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Lindamood) 
Hicks.  In  1849  his  parents  settled  near  Paris, 
where  the  son  was  reared.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  entered  the  First  Confederate  Cavalry 
regiment  and  participated  in  a  number  of  battles, 
including  those  of  Perry ville,  Ky.,  Boonville,  Miss., 
and  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  From  Chickamauga  he 
was  sent  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Johnson 's  Island,  O., 
and  detained  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning 
to  Tennessee  he  entered  Andrew  College,  Trenton, 
where  he  studied  mathematics,  languages,  litera- 
ture and  science,  and  took  a  course  in  theology. 
In  August,  1869,  he  became  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  South ;  was  ordained 
Dec.  3,  1871,  and  in  the  same  month  was  trans- 
ferred to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  subsequently 
spent  his  life.  He  was  pastor  of  the  First  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  South,  in  St.  Louis  until  he 
withdrew  from  the  Methodist  church,  and  joined 
the  Congregational  church.  While  in  the  Metho- 
dist ministry  he  organized  a  benevolent,  order, 
known  as  the  Missouri  Brotherhood  of  Ministers, 
which  continued  to  prosper,  and  was  of  great  bene- 
fit to  the  families  of  deceased  ministers.  After 
1887  his  whole  time  was  given  to  scientific  and 
literary  work.  He  had  long  been  interested  in 
astronomy  and  meteorology  and  upon  establishing 
his  home  at  Wellston,  near  St.  Louis,  added  an 
observatory  and  telescope  to  his  house  and  began 
making  meteorological  observations  and  weather 
predictions  which  in  time  made  him  known 
throughout  the  country.  He  published  an  astro- 
nomical annual  called  "Rev.  Irl  R.  Hicks'  Alma- 
nac," in  which  he  forecasted  the  weather  for  each 
year,  predicting  such  serious  disturbances  as  the 
St.  Louis  cyclone  and  the  Galveston  (Tex.)  flood. 
It  was  relied  upon  as  a  source  of  useful  information 
in  thousands  of  homes  throughout  the  country,  and 
some  of  his  predictions  aroused  wide  comment. 
He  was  preside"*  of  the  Word  &  Works  Publish- 
ing Co.,  organized  in  St.  Louis,  to  publish  this 
almanac  and  two  periodicals,  "Word  and  Works" 
and  ' '  Quarterly  Echoes, ' '  of  which  he  was  the 
editor  and  a  contributor.  He  was  chaplain  of 
Wellston  Lodge,  No.  613,  A.F.  &  A.M.  He  was  at 
one  time  mayor  of  Wellston.  He  was  married  (1) 
in  1865,  to  Belle  Abbott  of  Ripley,  Miss.,  who  died 
within  a  year;  and  (2)  in  1875,  to  Kate,  daughter 
of  James  Miller  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  (3)  in 
1891,  to  Lily,  daughter  of  D.  C.  Hornsby  of  St. 
Li  mis.  He  left  four  children:  Irline,  wife  of 
Warren  McGinnis ;  Lilyan,  wife  of  Leighton  Dona- 
hue; Irl  R.,  Jr.,  who  succeeded  his  father  as  head 
of  the  Word  &  Works  Publishing  Co.,  and  James  D. 
Hicks.  He  died  at  Wellston,  Mo.,  Oct.  12.  1!H6. 

MEGLEE,  Joseph  George,  salmon  packer,  was 
born  at  Berkach,  Germany,  Mar.  10,  1838,  son  of 
Isaac  and  Amelia  Megler.  His  parents  died  dur- 
ing his  early  youth,  and  at  the  age  of  seven  he 
came  to  America  with  an  uncle,  settled  in  New 
York  city,  and  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools.  At  an  early  age  he  became  apprenticed 
to  a  tinsmith  at  Williamsburg,  Brooklyn.  Subse- 
quently he  removed  to  Cairo,  111.,  where  he  worked 
at  his  trade.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Federal 
navy  as  paymaster  's  clerk  and  served  through  the 
civil  war  on  the  gunboat  Lexington,  attaining  the 
rank  of  acting  ensign.  He  was  offered  a  lieuten- 
ancy to  remain  in  the  navy,  but  he  preferred  a 
commercial  career,  and  became  a  tinner  at  Astoria, 
Ore.  Five  years  later  he  became  a  partner  in  a 


GERTRUDE  VANDERBILT  WHITXKY 
SCULPTOR 


t'l.iXTON  DE\V.  SMITH 
AGRICULTURIST 


IKL  R.  HICKS 
CLERGYMAN  AND  PUBLISHER 


JOSEPH  G.  MEGLER 
PACKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHY. 


151 


salmon  canning  business  at  Chinook,  Wash.,  the  old 
Hudson  Bay  trailing  post  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  river,  opposite  Astoria,  and  was  general 
manager  of  the  business  which  was  conducted  under 
the  firm  name  of  Megler  &  Jewett.  In  1873,  in 
association  with  a  brother,  Alexander  Megler,  he 
erected  a  cannery  at  a  point  named  by  them  Brook- 
n'eld,  in  Wahkiakum  co.,  Wash.,  so  called  in  honor 
of  his  wife  's  birthplace  in  Massachusetts,  and  under 
the  firm  name  of  J.  G.  Megler  &  Co.,  he  continued 
a  prosperous  business  until  his  death.  This  com- 
pany were  packers  of  well  known  salmon  brands 
known  as  St.  George,  Stag,  Mascot,  Pansy  Lion, 
Brookfield,  For-get-me-not  and  Golden  Poppy.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows  and  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He 
served  in  the  senate  in  1X95,  1897,  1899  and  1901 
and  as  a  member  of  the  house  in  1889-91,  1903, 
1905,  1907  and  1911,  being  chosen  speaker  in  1905 
by  a  vote  of  ninety  to  four.  Not  only  was  his  ac- 
tivity directed  towards  the  -enactment  of  legisla- 
tion affecting  the  best  interests  of  the  fishing, 
lumbering  and  agricultural  interests  of  the  state, 
but  he  never  failed  to  participate  in  the  discussions 
upon  all  vital  questions.  He  was  especially  inter- 
ested in  everything  that  promoted  the  welfare  of 
civil  war  veterans,  and  his  advice  was  sought  in 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  military  affairs  of  the 
state.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  but  never 
a  reactionary.  He  witnessed  the  enactment  of  prac- 
tically all  the  constructive  and  progressive  legisla- 
tion for  which  his  adopted  state  is  famous.  For 
thirty-three  years  he  was  postmaster  at  Brookfield. 
As  a  business  man  he  exemplified  those  qualities 
which  we  like  to  regard  as  strictly  American.  He 
was  married  Oct.  9,  1873,  to  Nellie,  daughter  of 
Jacob  Smith,  of  North  Brookfield,  Mass.,  who  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  -t  Brookfield,  Wash.,  Sept. 
10,  1915. 

McGOVEKN,  Francis  Edward,  twenty-second 
governor  of  Wisconsin, was  born  near  Elkhart.Wis., 
Jan.  21,  1866,  son  of  Lawrence  and  Ellen  (Wren) 
McGovern,  both  natives  of  Ireland,  who  came  to 
this  country  early  in  the  nineteenth  century  and 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Sheboygan  county,  Wis.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in 
1890,  having  served  as  managing  editor  of  the 
university  newspaper,  class  orator,  and  joint  de- 
bater, then  the  highest  of  all  academic  honors. 
He  served  three  years  as  high  school  principal  at 
Brodhead,  and  four  at  Appleton,  Wis.  During  this 
period  he  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1S97,  and  began  practice  in  Milwaukee.  In  1900 
he  was  appointed  assistant  district  attorney  of 
Milwaukee  county.  At  that  time  the  government 
of  Milwaukee  was  honeycombed  with  dishonesty 
and  bribery.  He  soon  discovered  that  wrong- 
doers were  sheltered  by  grand  juries  constituted 
from  panels  selected  by  the  administrative  force, 
and  in  1903  he  secured  from  the  legislature  the 
passage  of  a  law  providing  for  grand  jury  appoint- 
ment through  the  courts.  In  the  next  two  years 
grand  juries  returned  more  indictments  for  bribery 
than  during  all  the  previous  history  of  organized 
government  upon  this  continent.  In  1904  Mr. 
McGovern  was  elected  district  attorney,  and  during 
the  next  three  years  he  conducted  a  campaign 
which  eliminated  dishonesty  from  the  public  life 
of  the  community.  At  the  close  of  his  first  term 
the  conflict  had  'reached  the  stage  of  white  heat. 
Standing  for  renomination  and  re-election  on  the 
issue  of  honesty  in  public  affairs,  he  faced  a 
powerful  and  organized  band  of  men,  whose 
collective  influence  reached  not  only  to  the  political 
and  business  center?,  but  up  into  the  very  inner 


sanctums  of  the  financial  life  of  the  city.  In  the 
campaign  which  followed  bitter  assaults  were  made 
upon  his  character,  and  combinations  of  vicious 
elements  in  all  parties,  with  the  use  of  an  unlimited 
campaign  fund,  were  against  him.  Thus  he  was 
defeated  in  the  Republican  primary  of  1906, 
whereupon  members  of  all  parties  'arose  in  a 
mighty  protest  of  indignation  and  called  upon 
him  to  become  an  independent  candidate  for  re- 
election, in  which  he  was  successful.  He  soon 
acquired  the  popular  title  of  the  "Fighting 
District  Attorney/'  In  1908  he  was  a  candidate 
for  Republican  nomination  for  the  U.  S.  senate, 
but  was  defeated.  In  1910,  however,  the  people 
demanded  that  he  become  a  candidate  for  governor. 
He  was  elected  and  at  once  engaged  in  a  program 
of  constructive  legislation  which  marks  the  most 
advanced  ground  attained  in  any  state  in  the 
Union.  In  1911  there  were  passed  a  stringent  cor- 
rupt practice  act;  a  second  choice  primary  ballot 
law  to  insure  majority  rule;  a  presidential  primary 
law ;  proposed  constitutional  amendments  to  per- 
mit the  initiative,  the  referendum,  the  recall,  home 
rule  for  cities,  and  to  make  less  cumbersome 
amendment  of  the  constitution;  a  workman's  com- 
pensation law;  also  an  industrial  commission  was 
established  with  ample  power  to  provide  a  common 
sense  court  for  the  trial  of  labor  disputes,  to  assist 
workmen  in  obtaining  steady  employment  and  to 
secure  safe  and  sanitary  working  conditions.  Far- 
reaching  advances  were  made  in  child  labor  laws 
and  in  humanizing  conditions  of  women  labor.  A 
board  of  industrial  education  was  created  to 
promote  industrial  and  vocational  training;  the 
state  began  the  scientific  improvement  of  high- 
ways; an  income  tax  law  was  enacted  which 
proved  to  be  the  first  practical  and  successful  law 
of  that  character  in  the  history  of  American  state 
government;  extensive  measures  for  the  conserva- 
tion of  natural  resources  of  the  state  were  passed; 
state  life  insurance  was  introduced;  cooperative 
agricultural  associations  were  legalized  and  en- 
couraged; and  a  state  board  of  public  affairs  was 
created.  In  1912  Gov.  McGovern  was  re-elected 
and  the  program  was  pressed  steadily  forward. 
The  workmen  's  compensation  act  was  strengthened 
and  broadened;  a  mother's  pension  law  was  passed 
insuring  indigent  widowed  mothers  against  abject 
poverty;  a  minimum  wage  law  for  women  was 
enacted;  a  law  was  passed  providing  that  the  earn- 
ings of  prisoners  be  applied  to  the  support  of  their 
families;  provision  was  made  for  the  specific 
investigation  of  the  problem  of  occupational  dis- 
eases and  of  sickness  and  accident  so  that 
legislation  might  be  intelligently  enacted;  first 
step*  were  taken  toward  the  establishment  of  com- 
munity credits,  and  to  permit  making  state 
loans  to  farmers;  the  work  of  the  state  health 
authorities  was  established  on  a  modern  and  scien- 
tific basis;  a  law  providing  for  the  direct  election 
of  U.  S.  senators  was  passed,  and  the  public  school 
system  of  the  state  was  modernized  by  making  the 
county  the  unit  of  educational  organization.  Mr. 
McGovern  has  been  active  in  the  work  of  the  Gover- 
nor's  Conference,  and  for  three  successive  terms 
served  as  chairman  of  its  executive  committee. 
At  the  Republican  national  convention  of  UMi' 
he  was  chosen  by  the  delegates  who  represented  the 
progressive  wing  of  the  party  as  their  candidate 
for  temporary  chairman.  Gov.  McGovern  's  habits 
of  living,  as  his  habits  of  thought,  are  unpreten- 
tious and  wholesome.  In  temperament  he  is  demo- 
cratic, tolerant  ami  optimistic.  Gifted  with  wit 
and  high  mental  ability,  he  is  a  type  in  which  is 
found  a  rarely  balanced  poise  with  unusual  powers 


152 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  concentration,  and  tireless  industry.  His  public 
service  has  indelibly  stamped  his  personality  upon 
the  future  life  of  the  state. 

STONE,  Joseph  Mason,  manufacturer  and  in- 
ventor, was  born  at  Graftou,  Vt.,  in  1820,  son  of 
Joseph  and  Dorothy  (Wilder)  Stone,  and  a  des- 
cendant of  Gregory  Stone,  who  was  admitted  a 
freeman  of  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1636,  but  resided 
most  of  his  life  in  Cambridge,  Mass. ;  was  deputy 
to  the  general  court,  deacon  of  the  church,  a  civil 
magistrate  and  one  of  the  governor 's  deputies. 
From  Gregory  Stone,  and  his  wife,  Margaret 
Garrae,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Deacon  Samuel  and  his  wife  Sarah  Stearns; 
their  son  Deacon  Samuel  and  his  wife  Dorcas 
Jones;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Mary;  their 
sou  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Dorothy,  and  their  son 
Joseph  and  his  wife  Susana  Gates,  who  were  the 
giandparents  of  Joseph  M.  Stone.  When  J.  M. 
Mmie  was  four  years  old,  the  family  moved  to 
the  manufacturing  village  of  Newmarket,  N.  H., 
where  he  attended  the  public  school,  and  at  an 
early  age  went  to  work  as  "bobbin  boy"  in  the 
mill  of  the  Newmarket  Manufacturing  Co.  Later 
he  was  transferred  to  the  repair  shop,  thus  begin- 
ning his  career  as  a  machinist,  and  attended  night 
schools.  He  obtained  employment  in  the  machine 
shop  of  Barnes.  Gilbert  &  Richardson,  North  An- 
dover,  Mass.,  as  a  "piece  workman."  Event- 
ually he  left  Audover  for  Frye  village  where 
he  was  employed  on  cotton  and  flax  machin- 
ery until  about  1842,  when  he  went  to  Man- 
chester, N.  H.,  and  worked  for  several  years  in  the 
machine  shop  of  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co. 
He  now  became  interested  in  draughting,  took  a 
few  lessons  in  the  art,  and  thereafter  occupied  all 
his  leisure  moments  in  perfecting  himself  in 
mechanical  drawing.  Iii  1S46  he  was  engaged  as 
head  draughtsman  for  the  Essex  Co.  of  Lawrence, 
Mass.,  then  the  largest  enterprise  of  its  kind  in 
the  country,  making  drawings  for  the  tools  which 
were  used  and  keeping  twenty  pattern  makers 
busy.  He  was  one  of  the  building  committee  when 
the  present  Lawrence  City  Hall  was  erected,  ivas 
one  of  the  originators  of  the  "Franklin  Library" 
in  Lawrence,  and  served  as  secretary  at  the  first 
meeting  of  its  founders.  In  1830—51  he  returned 
to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  undertook  to  do  by  the 
job  all  the  locomotives  and  cotton  speeders  manu- 
factured by  the  Amoskeag  Machine  Shop,  carrying 
out  his  earlier  methods  by  cheapening  production 
through  the  use  of  special  tools.  It  was  at  this 
period  that  he  produced  the  first  iron  screw  planer 
ever  made,  and  adapted  his  radical  arm  attachment 
to  an  iron  planing  machine,  by  means  of  which 
curved  surfaces  could  be  as  quickly  and  accurately 
planed  as  straight  surfaces.  The  latter  is  one  of 
the  most  valuable  and  useful  inventions  for  work- 
ing iron  ever  made.  In  1S53,  in  association  with 
others,  lie  established  the  Manchester  Locomotive 
\Vuiks,  which  became  one  of  the  laryst  and  most 
successful  makers  of  locomotives  in  the  United 
States.  Five  years  ]?.ter  he  engaged  with  the 
Hinckley  Locomotive  Works  of  Boston  to  do  their 
work  by  the  ,i"b.  During  the  two  years  he  was 
there  lie  built  the  marine  engines  for  the  Tinted 
States  warships  Sassacus  and  \arragansett  and 
designed  and  built  the  steam  fire  engine  Bob  l.'ny. 
one  of  the  most  effective  and  elegant  fire  engines 
ever  made,  and  which  was  used  by  the  city  of 
Boston  until  worn  out.  In  the  latter  part  of  1  v~fi 
he  returned  to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  started  some 
tools  in  the  Manchester  Locomotive  Works  on  his 
own  account.  Here  he  devised  an  entirely  new 
method  of  making  caps  for  use  on  worsted  spin- 


ning frames,   and  also  built  for  the  city  of  Rox- 

bury,  Mass.,  a  fire  engine  called  the  Dearborn,  of 
an  entirely  new  design,  which  continued  in  service 
in  Eoxbury  until  worn  out.  In  1861  he  became  a 
member  of  the  wool  machine  building  firm  of 
Davis  &  Furber  of  North  Andover,  Mass.,  and  so 
continued  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He 
began  immediately  to  remodel  the  warping,  spool- 
ing and  finishing  machinery,  drafting  with  his  own 
hands  the  designs  for  the  new  frames  and  their 
concomitants.  He  also  made  new  designs  for  the 
picking  machinery,  the  looms,  the  carding  machin 
ery.  and  the  mules,  of  which  thousands  were  made 
and  sold  to  manufacturers  of  woolen  goods.  He 
likewise  introduced  the  manufacture  of  the  cotton, 
ring  spinning  frame,  making  a  new  design  for 
this  machine,  which  has  been  adopted  and  sub- 
stantially copied  by  all  the  old  builders  of  cotton 
spinning  machinery.  Mr.  Stone  was  the  originator 
and  constant  advocate  for  months  of  adding  the 
manufacture  of  card  clothing  to  the  business,  and 
he  constructed  over  200  of  the  machines  necessary 
for  that  purpose.  He  lived  to  see  the  capacity  of 
the  plant  increase  from  200  to  1,000  men.  During 
his  life  he  rendered  important  instruction  and 
counsel  to  young  men  engaged  in  acquiring  the 
machinists.'  trade.  He  gave  largely  to  general 
charities  and  the  cause  of  religion,  was  a  member 
of  the  Congregational  Church,  in  politics  was 
an  old-time  Whig,  later  a  Republican,  and  in 
his  domestic  circle  and  among  his  friends  was  of  a 
kindly  and  cheerful  disposition.  He  loved  music, 
and  in  his  earlier  life  was  locally  a.  singer  of  some 
note ;  he  was  also  a  great  reader.  His  wife  was 
Susan  (Flint),  daughter  of  Samuel  Dudley,  of 
Brentwood,  N.  H.,  and  he  was  survived  by  one  son, 
Joseph  Henrv  Stone.  He  died  in  North  Andover, 
Mass..  Feb.  IT,  1887. 

ECCLES,  David,  capitalist,  was  born  at  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  May  12,  1849,  sou  of  Wil- 
liam and  Sarah  (Hutchinson)  Eccles.  When  he 
was  about  fourteen  years  of  age  he  immigrated 
with  his  family  to  America.  Walking  from  Flor- 
ence, Neb.,  to  I'tah,  a  distance  of  nearly  1.000  miles, 
with  a  party  of  Mormon  pioneers,  he  settled  near 
Ogden.  His  father  was  a  wood  turner,  but,  being 
blind,  and  nnly  able  to  work  by  the  sense  of  touch, 
much  of  the  responsibility  of  supporting  the  fam- 
ily, rested  on  young  David.  He  made  trips  into 
the  adjacent  mountains  and  selected  wood  suitable 
for  hir  father's  work,  and  when  this  was  turned 
into  kitchen  utensils  and  other  articles  he  sold 
them  in  the  surrounding  country,  receiving  in  ex- 
change meat,  molasses  and  other  foods.  In  selling 
the  finished  product  it  was  necessary  for  him  to 
walk,  carrying  his  load  on  his  back.  At  twenty  he 
bewail  chopping  logs  for  a  saw  mill  in  the  mount- 
ains not  far  from  Ogden.  Saving  money  that  he 
earned  in  this  way,  he  was  soon  able  to  buy  a 
yoke  of  oxen,  and  began  contracting  for  the  de- 
livery of  logs  to  the  mill  on  his  own  account.  The 
movement  toward  success  had  begun  and  it  was 
not  long  before  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  mill, 
which,  however,  was  only  a  small  one  of  the  port- 
able type.  Later  and  at  various  times  he  bought 
other  small  mills  and  in  187.'!  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  II.  E.  Gibson  and  W.  T.  Van  Noy 
under  the  firm  name  of  Gibson,  Eccles  &  Van  Noy. 
Iv-ides  operating  a  saw  mill,  they  opened  up  a 
retail  lumber  yard  at  Ogden,  where  a  small  planer 
was  also  installed  and  operated.  A  few  years 
later  Mr.  Eccles  bought  out  his  partners  and  be- 
came the  exclusive  owner  of  these  interests.  His 
activities  during  these  early  years  were  marked 
with  the  industry,  perseverance  and  economy  that 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


won  for  him  the   lirilliant  success  of  later  years. 
When,  on  account  of  climatic  ami  other  conditions, 
his  own  work  could  not   be  pushed  to  .advantage, 
he  found  employment  elsewhere.     He  did  not  wait 
for  "things  to  turn  up",  but  went  after  them  and 
usually  obtained  what  he  went  after.     During  one 
of  these  periods  of  inactivity  in  the  logging  and 
lumbering    business,    he    went    to    Wyoming    and 
wmked   in   the  coal  mines  there,  and  on  another 
occasion,  while  waiting  for  the  logging  season  to 
open,    he    drove    two    ox    teams,    each    pulling    a 
wagon    loaded   with   freight    from    South    Pass   to 
Pioehe,   Nev.,   a   distance   of    6<>0    miles.      On   this 
trip    he    showed    remarkable    courage    and    endur- 
ance in  meeting  the  intense  hardships  of  the  jour- 
ney due  to  stormy  weather  and  bad  roads.     Such 
a  rhararter  was  not  to  be  limited  to  the  opportuni- 
ties of  his  immediate  environment.      In   1867   cir- 
cumstances had  taken   him  to   Oregon  for  a  brief 
period,  and,  although  but  a  mere  boy  at  that  time, 
the   vast    timber    resources   of   that    state    did   not 
escape  his  notice.     Having  cherished  the  hope  for 
more  than  twenty  years,  he  saw  his  opportunity  in 
1SS9  when,  with  a  few  picked  associates,  he  estab- 
lished a  small  mill  in  eastern  Oregon.     It  was  not 
long  before  other  and  larger  mills  were  put.  into 
operation  in   different  parts  of  the  state  and   Mr. 
Eccles  began  to  be  known  as  one  of  the  successful 
lumbermen  of  the  Northwest.     In  connection  with 
his  lumbering  interests,  he  built  the  Sumpter  Val- 
ley Railway  between  Baker  City  and  Prairie  City 
in  eastern  Oregon,  and  the  Mount  Hood  Railroad 
between  Hood  River  and  Mount  Hood  in  western 
Oregon.     But  even  the  immense  possibilities  of  the 
lumbering  business  were  not  enough  to  claim  Mr. 
Eccles'  exclusive  interest.     In  18S(j,  while  he  was 
yet   struggling  through   the   humbler   years   of   his 
career,  he  became  one  of  the  original  incorporators 
of  the    Home   Fire   Insurance   Company   of   Utah, 
whose  interests  have  since  grown  to  great  propor- 
tions.    In  1898  he  organized  the  Ogdeu  Sugar  Co., 
establishing   a   factory  at   Ogden,   Utah,   and  the 
Oregon   Sugar  Co.,  with  a  factory  at  La  Grande, 
Ore.     The  following  year,  under  the  corporate  title 
of  the  Logan  Sugar  Co.,  lie  built   another  factory 
at  Logan,  Utah.     In   15)02  these  three  companies 
were    absorbed    by    the    Amalgamated    Sugar    Co., 
which  was   organized   for   that  purpose  with   Mr. 
Eecles  as  its  president.     Outside  of  his  lumbering, 
railroad  and  sugar  interests,  he  was  prominent  in 
a  wide  range  of  other  industries  and  financial  con- 
cerns.    Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  Utah 
Construction    Co.,    which   was   organized,    financed 
and  largely  dhvct"d  by  Mr.  Eceles.     As  witli  all 
other   enterprises  promoted   by   him,   it   became   a 
monumental  success  in  a  field  where  other  similar 
companies    had    failed.      Three    coal    mining    com- 
panies were  listed  among  his  interests,  two  street 
car  companies,  several  land  and  stock  companies, 
a  condensed  milk   company,  two   implement  com- 
panies and  many  others  of  minor  importance  will 
partially  indicate  the  substantial  nature  and  vari- 
ety of  Mr.  Eccles'  interests.     At  the  time  of  his 
death,   which   occurred   on   Dec.   5,    1912,   he   was 
identified  with  fifty-six  industrial  corporations  and 
twenty   banking   institutions.        Of   these   he   was 
president   and   director  of  sixteen   industrial   cor- 
porations,  and   a   director  in   twenty   others.      Of 
the   banking   institutions,    he   was   president    and 
director     of     seven     and     a     director     of     four 
others.        While     Mr.     Eccles'  financial     and     in- 
dustrial   abilities    were    phenomenal,    he    did    not 
lark    any    of    the    finer    qualities    of    true    man- 
hood.      His    charities   were   numerous    and    gener- 
ous, but  were  granted  for  cause,  not  ostentation, 


and  .luring  his  life  time  were  known  only  I.,  him 
self  and  the  recipients.  He  was  fond  of  his- 
tory and  poetry  and  was  particularly  conversant 
with  the  history  of  this  country  and  of  Scotland. 
Of  the  poets,  Burns  was  his  natural  favorite. 
While  he  prospered,  those  who  worked  with  him 
and  for  him  prospered,  too.  His  loyalty  to  them 
was  unlimited  and  he  was  delighted  in  seeing  them 
share  the  benefits  of  his  enterprises.  Mr.  !>elos 
was  married  Dec.  28,  1875,  to  Bertha  Marie,  daugh- 
ter of  Christian  Jensen,  a  native  of  Denmark,  by 
whom  he  had  twelve  children:  David  C.,  LeRoy, 
Yida,  Bertha,  Royal,  Joe,  Lila,  Laura,  Flora,  .lark, 
Vivian  and  Homer  Eccles.  He  died  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  Dec.  5,  1912. 

MASTERS,  John  Lewis,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  near  Brookville,  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
Sept.  23,  1859,  son  of  Jacob  H.  and  Maria  Louisa 
(Smith)  Masters.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  came  from  Holland  or  Germany  in  the 
colonial  era  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  the  line 
of  descent  being  traced  through  Christopher  Mas- 
ters, great-grandfather  of  the  subject,  who  became 
a  pioneer  settler  in  Fairfieltl  twp.,  Franklin  co., 
Ind.  John  Masters,  grandfather  of  the  subject, 
was  farmer  and  ax-maker  in  Indiana.  Jacob  H. 
Masters,  father  of  the  subject,  became  a  manufac- 
turer of  carriages,  and  later  was  a  successful  buyer 
and  shipper  of  grain.  His  son  received  a  public 
school  education  and  for  four  years  taught  in  the 
schools  of  Franklin  county.  He  then  began  the 
study  of  medicine  at  Brookville,  and  was  graduated 
at  Louisville  (K_y.)  School  of  Medicine  in  1885 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.  In  1885-86  he  was  in- 
terne at  Louisville  City  Hospital.  He  then  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  New  London,  O., 
where  he  remained  six  years.  In  1892  he  went  to 
New  York  city  for  post-graduate  work  at  the  New 
York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary;  at  the  Knapp  Optic 
and  Aural  Institute,  and  at  New  York  Polycliuic 
Hospital  and  College,  at  which  latter  he  gave 
special  study  to  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and 
throat.  In  1893  he  settled  in  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
where  his  splendid  equipment  early  won  merited 
recognition,  and  his  work  as  a  specialist  gained 
him  a  reputation  that  far  transcended  local  limi- 
tations. In  1901  he  visited  the  leading  hospitals 
and  colleges  of  England  and  the  Continent,  and 
did  research  work  at  the  University  of  Merlin.  In 
IV 1 4  he  was  chosen  professor  of  ophthalmology, 
otology  and  histology  at  the  Central  College  of 
Physicians  ami  Surgeons,  Indianapolis,  resigning 
that  position  in  1901.  In  l!N)fi  he  was  elected 
lecturer  on  otology,  rhinology  and  laryngology  in 
the  Indiana  Medical  College,  Indianapol'S,  and  the 
following  year  was  promoted  to  the  chair  of  clini- 
cal otology,  rhinology  and  laryngology.  His  inter- 
position proved  of  great  value  in  forwarding  the 
prestige  and  effective  work  of  the  institution,  and 
ho  was  rated  as  one  of  the  most  able  and  popular 
members  of  the  faculty.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  Indiana  Medi 
cal  Society,  Indianapolis  Medical  Society,  Ameri- 
can Society  of  Ophthalmology  and  Oto-Laryn- 
gology,  Phi  Chi  Fraternity,  and  various  other 
medical,  scientific,  fraternal,  social  and  historical 
societies  and  associations.  He  was  a  frequent  con 
tributor  to  medical  journals  and  papers.  He  was 
a  trustee  of  Broadway  MethndNt  Episcopal 
C'hurch,  Indianapolis,  and  in  politics  was  a  Repub 
lican.  His  thorough  knowledge  of  his  branch,^  of 
medicine,  coupled  with  his  grasp  of  pathology, 
made  him  unex-Mled  as  a  surgical  diagnostician, 
while  the  carefulness  of  his  te.-finic|iie  N  attested 
bv  the  excellence  of  his  results,  lie  was  mirried 


154 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Aug.  17,  1887,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Urmston,  a  merchant  of  Brookville,  Ind. ;  she 
survives  him,  with  three  children:  Paul  L.,  Robert 
J.,  and  Melvin  Masters.  He  died  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  May  25,  1916. 

AMONSON,  Louis  Sverre,  insurance,  was  born 
at  Bergen,  Norway,  July  7,  1869,  son  of  John  and 
Barbara  (.londal)  Amonson.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Cathedral  School,  Christiania,  Norway,  and 
came  to  this  country  when  twelve  years  of  age. 
He  soon  became  proficient  in  the  use  of  English, 
mastering  the  classics  of  the  language,  both  an- 
cient and  modern.  He  began  his  business  career 
in  18S4,  when  he  entered  as  an  office  boy  the  ser- 
vice of  the  American  Fire  Insurance  Company, 
with  which  he  continued  for  twenty-one  years,  pass- 
ing meantime  through  various  positions  until  he  be- 
came secretary  of  agencies,  in  which  capacity  he 
had  supervision  of  the  corporation's  field  force, 
numbering  about  2,000  local  and  seventeen  spe- 
cial agents,  and  producing  an  annual  premium  in- 
come of  $1,500,000.  When  control  of  the  American 
Fire  Insurance  Company  was  secured  by  the  Fre- 
linghuysen  syndicate,  Mr.  Amonson  resigned  his 
connection  with  the  institution,  subsequently  be- 
coming vice-president  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  the  Union  Insurance  Company,  with 
which  he  made  an  unusually  fine  record.  In  1908 
he  organized  the  People  's  National  Insurance  Com- 
pany, with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000,  assuming  per- 
sonally the  entire  direction  of  the  movement.  He 
brought  with  him  to  the  new  company  a  large  fol- 
lowing among  the  property  owners  and  fire  in- 
surance agents  of  the  country,  he  having  had  per- 
sonal and  official  relations  with  over  2,200  of  the 
very  best  local  agents  in  the  United  States.  At 
twenty-two  years  of  age  he  was  offered  the  Repub- 
lican nomination  for  a  seat  in  the  state  legisla- 
ture, which  honor  he  declined  because  of  pressing 
business  ties.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Trades 
League;  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania;  Art 
and  Manufacturers  clubs  of  Philadelphia;  Mon- 
tauk  Club  of  Brooklyn;  Sea  Side  Park  Yacht 
Club;  Ethical  Society  of  Pennsylvania;  Olivet 
Lodge  No.  607,  F.  &  A.  M.;  Wayne  Lodge,  I.  O. 
O.  F. ;  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science;  National  Fire  Prevention  Society;  Phila- 
delphia Fire  Insurance  Society  and  the  Fire  Un- 
derwriters' Association  of  the  Northwest.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  27,  1913. 

BALDWIN,  Frederick  John,  merchant,  man- 
ufacturer, was  born  at  Dexter,  Mich.,  Sept.  27, 
1867,  son  of  Frederick  Albert  and  Aurelia  M. 
(Sherman)  Baldwin  and  a  descendant  of  Richard 
Baldwin,  who  came  over  from  Ashton-Clinton, 
Buckinghamshire,  England,  in  !G.ni8,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Milford,  Conn.  The  latter 
took  an.  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  Milford,  and 
on  account  of  his  understanding  of  the  peculiarities 
of  the  Indian  character  he  represented  the  town 
in  the  various  negotiations  with  the  redmen  con- 
cerning the  purchase  of  their  lands  and  other  mat- 
ters. His  greatest  service  to  his  fellow  colonists 
and  to  posterity  as  well  was  his  connection  with 
the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  union  of 
eighteen  Connecticut  towns  into  the  colony  of 
Connecticut.  From  Richard  Baldwin  and  his  wife, 
Sarah" Bryan,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Theophilus  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Camp- 
field;  their  son  Theophilus  and  his  wife,  Jerusha 
Beecher;  their  son  Hezekiah  and  his  wife,  Abi- 
gail Peet;  their  son  Hezekiah  and  his  wife,  Abi«-l 
Curtise;  their  son  Sylvester  and  his  wife  Phoebe 
Sherman,  and  their  son  Norman  S.  and  his  wife, 
Emma  Miles,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Fred- 


erick J.  Baldwin.  The  second  Theophilus  Baldwin 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  New  Milford,  Conn. ; 
was  captain  of  militia  during  the  early  Indian 
wars,  and  was  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
for  seven  sessions.  His  son  Hezekiah  Baldwin 
was  a  lieutenant  in  the  French  and  Indian  war 
and  a  captain  in  the  war  of  the  revolution. 
Hezekiah  Baldwin,  Jr.,  was  a  private  in  the  revo- 
lutionary war  and  subsequently  a  lieutenant  in 
the  New  York  militia.  Sylvester  Baldwin  was  a 
non-commissioned  officer  in  Col.  Bellinger 's  regi- 
ment in  the  war  of  1812  and  afterward  was  cap- 
tain of  New  York  militia.  Mr.  Baldwin  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  at  Albion  (Mich.) 
College.  Upon  attaining  his  majority  he  entered 
a  mercantile  business  at  Coral,  Mich.,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  capacity  until  1910,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  traffic  and  office  sales  manager 
for  the  Munising  Paper  Co.  During  1907-11  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  board  of 
library  commissioners,  and  in  1908  was  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  constitutional  convention.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  Munisiug  Business  Men's  Asso- 
ciation, and  is  a  member  of  the  American  His- 
torical Association,  Sons  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Maccabees  of  the  World, 
is  a  32d  degree  Mason  and  Shriner  and  member 
of  the  Muuising  Club,  Munising.  His  political 
affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  is 
a  communicant  of  the  Methodist-Episcopal  church. 
He  was  married  Nov.  6,  1890,  to  Mary  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  S.  Haviland,  a  clergyman,  and  has 
two  children:  Frederick  Haviland  and  Faith 
Olive  Baldwin. 

POWELL,  Louis  W.,  mining  operator,  was 
born  at  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  May  3,  1866,  son  of 
John  Edmund  and  Virginia  Nash  (Fontaine) 
Powell.  His  father  was  a  planter  and  merchant 
of  Missouri.  The  sou  received  his  early  educa- 
tion under  private  tutors  and  in  the  private 
schools  of  St.  Louis,  and  afterward  attended  Wash- 
ington and  Lee  University  at  Lexington,  Va.  He 
then  entered  upon  his  business  career  as  a  merchant 
in  Missouri;  subsequently  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business  in  Virginia  and  eventually  drifted 
into  mining  in  the  northern  mines  of  Michi- 
gan. When  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation 
was  formed  he  wag  appointed  assistant  to  the 
president  of  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Co.,  also  be- 
coming vice-president  of  their  steamship  com- 
pany. In  19H6  he  resigned  and  moved  to  Bisbee, 
Arizona,  where  he  became  associated  with  the 
Calumet  and  Arizona  Co.  and  its  allied  later- 
ests  as  vice-president  and  general  manager.  He 
remodeled  the  old  smelter  at  Douglas,  developed 
the  property  now  known  as  the  Calumet  and 
Arizona  Copper  Co.,  constructed  the  Warren-Bis- 
bee  Electric  railroad  lines  and  laid  out  the  suburb 
of  Warren,  practically  rebuilding  it  and  doubling 
its  capacity.  He  was  also  interested  in  a  number  of 
mining  enterprises  in  Virginia,  and,  acting  for  a 
syndicate,  secured  control  of  extensive  oil  fields  in 
Mexico.  He  was  general  manager  of  the  Cananea 
Central  Copper  Co.;  vice-president  of  the  Cannnea 
Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  and  president  of  theCana- 
nea-Duluth  Copper  Co.  and  various  subsidiaries  of 
the  Greene  Cananea  Copper  Co.  While  his  main  in- 
terest during  his  residence  in  Arizona  was  copper 
mining,  he  yet  showed  a  strong  public  spirit  ana 
gave  his  active  support  to  every  movement  for 
civic,  industrial  or  social  advancement.  He  was 
the  leading  spirit  in  the  organization  of  the  Warren 
District  Country  Club  and  its  first  president,  and 
was  vice-president  and  director  of  the  First  Na- 


JOHN  L.  MASTERS 

PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


LOUIS  S.  AMONSON 
INSURANCE 


FREDERICK  J.  BALDWIN 
MERCHANT 


LOUIS  \V.  POWELL 
MINE  OPERATOR 


OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


155 


tional  Bank  of  Douglas.  In  1910  he  resigned  his 
ollieial  positions  with  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  and 
Superior  &  Pittsburg  interests  and  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  was  president  of  the  Eleuita 
Development  Co.  and  the  Powmatt  Development 
Co.,  and  director  of  the  Sierra  Madre  Consolidated 
Mining  Co.  and  the  Sari  Antonio  Copper  Co.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers,  the  California  Club  of  Los  Angeles; 
the  Kichi  Ganimi  and  Northland  Country  Clubs  of 
Duhith;  the  Chicago  Club  of  Chicago;  the  Old 
Pueblo  Club,  Tucson;  Warren  District  Country 
Club,  Warren,  Ariz.;  Douglas  Country  Club,  Doug- 
las, Ariz.,  and  the  Toltee  Club  of  El  Paso,  Tex. 
He  was  a  32d  degree-  Mason,  member  of  the 
Mystic  Shrine,  B.  P.  O.  E.  and  A.  O.  IT.  W.  He 
was  married  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  Nov.  2G,  1884,  to 
Allie  Moore,  daughter  of  Maj.  William  T.  Jewell 
of  Lexington,  Va.,  who  was  an  officer  in  the  con- 
federate army.  She  survives  him  with  five  chil- 
dren: Jennie  Jewell  (Mrs.  Roger  T.  Pelton)  ; 
Ralph  Edmund;  Ruth  Fontaine;  George  Benedict; 
and  Dorothy  Anne  Powell.  He  died  in.  New  York 
city,  Oct.  24,  1913. 

BROWNE,  John  Dean,  insurance,  was  born 
in  Plninfield,  Conn.,  Aug.  26,  1836,  sou  of  Gurdou 
Perkins  and  Esther  (Dean)  Browne,  and  grand- 
sou  of  Maj.  John  Browne,  a  soldier  in  the  revo- 
lutionary war.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  an  assessor  in  his  native  town,  and 
a  school  teacher  of  considerable  local  celebrity. 
The  sou  was  educated  in  the  district  school,  anil 
at  the  age  of  nineteen  taught  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  town.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.,  where  for  a  time  he  served  as  asso- 
ciate editor  of  a  weekly  paper.  He  was  then 
employed  by  the  Minneapolis  Mill  Co.  in  develop- 
ing and  improving  its  magnificent  water  power, 
after  which  he  was  engaged  by  the  Little  Falls 
Manufacturing  Co.  to  develop  the  fine  water  power 
at  that  point,  being  elected  a  director  and  seere- 
tary,  and  appointed  agent  to  carry  on  the  work. 
Ke  spent  a  year  at  Little  Falls,  and,  with  a 
crew  of  forty  men,  constructed,  under  great  diffi- 
culties, a  dam  across  the  Mississippi  river.  While 
in  Minnesota  he  aided  in  the  organization  of  the 
Republican  party  there,  was  frequently  a  delegate 
to  county  and  state  conventions,  and  -was  an  alter- 
nate delegate  to  the  national  Republican  conven- 
tion which  nominated  Mr.  Lincoln  at  Chicago  in 
IM;O.  During  the  winter  of  I860  he  was  em- 
ployed in  the  interior  department,  under  Joseph 
Wilson,  commissioner  of  the  general  land  cilice, 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  served  as  chief  clerk 
in  the  ollice  of  the  surveyor-general  of  public  lands 
at  St.  Paul  during  Lincoln's  administration,  and 
he  was  appointed  with  the  rank  of  major  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  Daley,  then  in  command  of  the  state 
militia.  In  1865  he  returned  to  Connecticut  and 
one  year  later  engaged  in  the  insurance  business. 
In  18(37  he  became  permanently  connected  with 
the  Hartford  Fire  Insurance  Co.  as  its  general 
agent  and  adjuster.  In  1870  he  was  elected  sec- 
retary of  that  company,  remaining  thus  until  1S80, 
when  he  became  president  of  the  Connecticut  Fire 
Insurance  Co.  When  Mr.  Browne  assumed  that 
office  the  premium  income  of  the  company  was 
>~"7.«71:  ten  years  later  it  had  increased  to 
$1,668,332,  and  in  the  year  ending  Jan.  1,  1906, 
it  was  $3,147,059.57,  the  assets  of  the  company 
being  $5,813,619.36.  During  this  period  the  semi- 
Mi  dividends,  regularly  paid,  amounted  to 
.4:2. .",(10,000.  Practi.-nl  insurance  men  regarded  him 
as  about  the  last  of  the  old  school  of  insurance 
lenders  who  had  built  up  great  companies  and 


made  the  name  of  Hartford  and  fire  insurance 
synonymous  in  all  the  markets  of  the  world.  In 
politics  he  became,  an  independent,  having  aban- 
doned his  adherence  to  the  Republican  party  at 
the  time  of  the  nomination  of  .James  G.  Blaiue. 
He  was  long  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  Hartford  Retreat,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
deatli  was  president  of  the  board.  He  was  a 
director  and  member  of  the  finance  and  execu 
tive  committee  of  the  Connecticut  Humane  Society, 
director  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society, 


can  Revolution,  the  Hartford  Board  of  Trade,  and 
was  formerly  a  member  of  the  visiting  committee 
of  the  Connecticut  Prison  Association.  He  was 
also  a  director  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  Insur- 
ance Co.  and  of  the  National  Exchange  Bank.  His 
clubs  were  the  Hartford  and  Hartford  Golf,  of 
Hartford,  and  the  Reform,  of  New  York.  He 
was  married  Oct.  23,  1861,  to  Frances,  daughter 
of  Luther  Cleveland,  of  Plainfield,  Conn.;  she  died 
in  1893,  leaving  two  daughters:  Alice  Cleveland, 
•wife  of  Francis  R.  Cooley,  of  Hartford,  and  Vir- 
ginia Frances  Browne.  He  died  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  March  23,  1913. 

BEDEL,  Timothy,  soldier,  was  born  either  hi 
Salem,  Mass.,  or  Salem,  N.  H.,  between  1730  and 
1<36.  He  is  said  to  have  been  descended  from 
John  Lovewell,  an  Indian  fighter.  While  a  mere 
boy  he  was  a  member  of  Capt.  Goffe  's  company  of 
rangers  that  marched  from  the  Merrimae  river  to 
the  Connecticut  in  1745.  During  th»  French  and 
Indian  war  he  was  in  Col.  Blanchard's  regiment  in 
1754-55,  and  in  Capt.  William  Stark 's  company  of 
New  Hampshire  rangers  in  the  second  expedition 
against  Crown  Point  in  1756 ;  was  a  lieutenant  in 
Col.  Meserve  's  regiment  in  the  fruitless  attack  on 
Louisburg,  1757-j.s,  and  in  the  following  year 
participated  in  the  capture  of  Quebec  by  Wolfe 
and  in  the  capture  of  Montreal  by  Amhe'rst.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Royal  Provincials  that  took 
part  in  the  six-weeks'  siege  of  Havana,  Cuba,  and 
in  1763  he  was  a  captain  in  the  campaign  that 
ended  in  the  capture  of  Crown  Point.  He  was  one 
of  the  original  proprietors  of  Haverhill,  N.  H., 
Bath,  N.  II.,  and  Newbury,  Vt.,  ann  represented 
Bath  in  the  provincial  assembly  of  May,  1775,  when 
it  was  voted  to  oppose  the  king.  As  colonel  of  a 
regiment  of  rangers,  he  joined  Sehuyler,  who  had 
called  for  aid  at  the  siege  of  St.  Johns,  making  the 
march  of  over  eighty  miles  from  Haverhill,  N.  H., 
through  a  rough  and  almost  trackless  country,  in 
eight  days.  Upon  arriving  in  St.  Johns  he  was 
given  command  also  of  a  company  from  Hanover, 
N.  H.,  the  Green  Mountain  Boys,  a  detachment  of 
Col.  Hinman's  regiment,  and  a  battery  of  four 
twelve-pounders  and  three  royals,  some  1200  men 
in  all.  Early  in  January,  1776,  he  took  a  new 
regiment  of  New  Hampshire  troops  to  Canada, 
where  he  was  placed  in  command  of  400  men  at  an 
outpost  called  the  Cedars,  about  forty-five  miles 
above  Montreal.  Soon  afterward  he  returned  to 
Montreal,  various  reasons,  including  sickness, 
being  ascribed  as  his  motive.  During  his  absence, 
Capt.  Forster,  acting  on  information  treacherously 
furnished  by  Col.  John  Peters,  who  hart  accom- 
panied Bedel's  troops  from  New  Hampshire,  de- 
manded the  capitulation  of  the  Cedars,  and  Maj. 
Butterfield,  who  had  been  left  in  command  of  the 
post,  surrendered  without  firing  a  shot.  Gen. 
Arnold  ordered  a  court-martial  of  Col.  Bedel  for 
deserting  his  post  in  the  presence  of  danger  and, 
although  acquitted  after  a  six-months  •  trial,  his 


156 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


military  reputation  suffered  permanently.  This 
event  very  largely  contributed  to,  if  it  was  not  the 
direct  cause  of  the  failure  of  the  invasion  of  Can 
ada.  In  July,  1776,  several  New  Hampshire  towns, 
under  the.  lead  of  Dartmouth  College,  voted  to 
form  a  new  government  apart  from  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  Co).  Bedel  represented  those  towns  in 
the  Vermont  legislature.  Another  attempt  at 
secession  was  made  in  1781,  when  he  attended  the 
Vermont  legislature  as  a  delegate  from  Bath,  but 
the  project  was  abandoned  because  it  interfered 
with  the  admission  of  Vermont  into  the  Union. 
Subsequently  his  name  was  mentioned  in  connection 
with  the  "Haldemand  correspondence"  with  Ver- 
mont officials  relative  to  the  return  of  that  state  to 
England.  In  1784  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature,  serving  on  several  impor- 
tant committees.  He  was  twice  married,  his  second 
wife  being  Mary  or  Polly  Johnson,  daughter  of 
Susanna  Johnson,  the  Indian  captive.  He  died  at 
Haverhill,  N.  H.,  in  February,  1787. 

NOYES,  LaVerne,  manufacturer  and  inventor, 
was  born  at  Genoa,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  7,  1849,  son  of 
Leonard  R.  and  Jane  (Jessup)  Noyes,  and  a 
descendant  of  Rev.  James  Noyes,  who  came  from 
C'houlderton,  Wiltshire,  England,  in  1634,  and 
settled  at  Newbury  (now  Newburyport),  Mass. 
The  latter 's  son,  James  Xoyes,  was  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Stouington,  Conn.,  for  fifty-five  years 
and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Yale  College. 
LaVerne  Noyes '  parents  removed  to  Springville, 
Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  1854,  and  he  was  graduated 
B.S.  at  the  Iowa  State  College  in  1872  (and  in 
1915  his  alma  mater  conferred  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Engineering  "in  recognition  of 
his  eminent  success  in  the  field  of  engineering  and 
his  interest  in  the  promotion  of  higher  educa- 
tion.") After  one  year  in  the  agricultural  im- 
plement business  at  Marion,  la.,  he  began  to 
manufacture  an  improved  line  of  haying  tools  of 
his  own  invention  at  Batavia,  111.  In  1879  he  re- 
moved to  Chicago,  111.,  and  placing  on  the  market 
a  patented  dictionary  holder,  he  was  for  years  the 
sole  maker  of  wire  bookholders.  Meanwhile  he 
obtained  patents  on  improved  harvesting  ma- 
chinery, which  were  sold  to  various  manufacturers. 
In  1887  he  became  interested  in  windmills,  a  field 
in  which  he  had  his  greatest  successes.  After 
much  study  and  experimenting,  he  perfected  a  steel 
windmill  possessing  much  greater  efficiency  and 
power  than  the  old  wooden  mills,  due  partly  to 
the  wider  sails  and  their  angle  of  curve  and  partly 
to  its  high  speed.  Gearing  back  three  and  one- 
third  to  one  gave  proper  speed  to  the  pump  piston 
and  permitted  a  long,  steady  stroke  of  the  pump. 
The  new  wind-power  motor  called  "Aermotor,"  was 
manufactured  by  the  Aermotor  Co.,  of  which  Mr. 
Noyes  was  at  all  times  the  head  and  dominat- 
ing influence  in  its  management,  its  policies 
and  its  mechanical  and  engineering  work. 
The  one  serious  drawback  to  most  windmills 
was  the  necessity  for  climbing  the  tower  for  oil- 
ing the  motor.  Mr.  Noyes  overcame  this  difficulty 
in  the  early  years  of  the  Aermotor  Company  by 
building  tilting  towers  which  permitted  the  mill 
to  be  lowered  to  the  ground  for  oiling  or  other 
needed  attention,  and  in  1913  he  changed  the 
mechanism  of  the  Aermotor  so  that  its  working 
parts  are  at  all  times  flooded  with  oil.  A  year 
later  he  patented  and  put  on  the  market  the  Auto- 
Oiled  Aermotor,  with  an  inclosed  gear  case  form- 
ing an  oil  reservoir  that  insures  perfect  lubrica- 
tion. The  Aermotor  business,  which  has  grown 
very  rapidly,  now  occupies  nine  acres  in  the  center 
of  Chicago's  manufacturing  district.  Its  factory 


buildings,  equipped  with  the  best  special  machin- 
ery, enable  the  company  to  turn  out  a  maximum 
of  machines  at  lowest  cost.  The  factory  has  some 
250,000  square  feet  of  floor  space,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  windmills  and  towers,  makes  pumps,  tanks, 
gasoline  engines  and  an  extensive  line  of  water 
supply  goods.  Mr.  Noyes  also  designed  and  built 
the  first  steel  towers  for  windmills.  They  were 
made  very  light,  but  were  very  strong  and  dur- 
able. It  was  necessary  to  use  angle  steel  much 
lighter  than  was  then  made  commercially.  He 
took  out  some  ten  patents  on  windmill  towers 
alone.  He  also  made  the  first  towers  for  electric 
transmission.  These  steel  towers  carry  the  wire 
cables  over  which  electricity  is  sent  at  very  high 
voltage  from  distant  waterfalls  to  centers  of  popu- 
lation where  the  current  is  utilized.  The  first  line 
of  this  kind  was  110  miles  long  and  was  erected 
in  the  state  of  Guanajuato,  Mexico.  The  electric 
tower  business  has  grown  astonishingly,  until  now 
thousands  of  miles  of  these  towers  may  be  seen 
radiating  out  from  Niagara  and  other  cataracts 
throughout  this  and  other  countries.  Being  first 
in  the  field  and  prepared  to  handle  the  business 
to  advantage,  the  Aermotor  Company  has  natur- 
ally maintained  its  lead  and  has  furnished  the 
towers  for  many  of  the  large  electric  companies. 
Mr.  Noyes  always  felt  that  there  was  a  great 
future  for  wind  power  in  generating  electricity. 
As  far  back  as  1895,  the  New  York  office  of  the 
Aermotor  Co.  on  Park  place  was  lighted  by  elec- 
tricity generated  by  an  Aermotor  erected  on  the 
roof  of  the  building.  Since  that  time  a  number 
of  Aermotors  have  been  successfully  used  for  op- 
erating small  electric  plants,  but  Mr.  Noyes  did 
not  push  the  sale,  as  he  realized  in  the  earlier  years 
that  neither  the  generator,  battery  nor  other  elec- 
trical attachments  were  developed  to  a  point  where 
he  felt  justified  in  recommending  them  to  cus- 
tomers. Until  the  past  year  the  subject  had  not 
been  taken  up  seriously.  In  recent  months,  how- 
ever, exhaustive  investigation  and  experiments 
enabled  him  to  get  the  generator  and  the  other 
electric  apparatus  in  such  shape  as  to  utilize  a  light 
breeze  and  to  make  available  every  gust  of  wind  up 
to  a  gale.  The  current  can  be  used  for  lighting, 
heating,  pumping  water  and  all  kinds  of  power 
work,  the  surplus  being  stored  for  future  use.  The 
recent  revision  of  the  Aermotor,  originated  and 
carried  through  by  Mr.  Noyes  for  the  electrical 
work,  seems  certain  to  create  a  greater  revolu- 
tion in  country  life  than  anything  which  has  hap- 
pened heretofore.  It  is  believed  that  in  the  near 
future,  in  most  parts  of  the  country,  electricity 
developed  from  wind  power  will  be  used  almost  ex- 
clusively for  all  kinds  of  farm  work.  It  seems 
equally  probable  that  in  the  future,  when  the  coal 
supply  is  exhausted,  mankind  will  be  able  to  ob- 
tain an  abundance  of  energy  for  light,  heat  and 
power  from  the  same  source.  Mr.  Noyes  possessed 
in  unusual  degree  the  rare  combination  of  in- 
ventive talent  and  executive  ability,  and  despite 
the  press  of  business  cares,  he  found  time  to 
further  many  movements  for  civic  betterment  and 
patriotic  effort.  Although  steadfastly  refusing 
every  offer  of  political  preferment,  he  gave 
generously,  both  of  time  and  money,  to  every  good 
cause.  He  was  president  of  the  Illinois  Manu- 
facturers' Association,  the  National  Business 
League  of  North  America  and  the  Civic  Federa- 
tion of  Chicago.  He  was  a  governing  life  member 
of  the  Art  Institute  of  Chicago;  trustee  of  Lewis 
Institute,  where  he  gave  numerous  free  scholar- 
ships; Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Sciences,  member  of  the  Chicago 


• 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


157 


Historical  Society  and  various  social  clubs  and  so- 
cieties, and  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  to  which  he 
made  liberal  contributions.  His  unselfish  de- 
votion to  all  good  causes  and  his  unusual  financial 
success  naturally  placed  him 'in  a  leading  posi- 
tion among  the  big  men  of  Chicago.  In  1918  Mr. 
Noyes  gave  to  the  University  of  Chicago  a  fund 
of  two  and  one  half  million  dollars  for  the  educa- 
tion of  American  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  world 
war,  their  children  and  descendants.  In  the  deed 
of  gift  establishing  this  fund  he  stated  his  pur- 
pose: "To  express  his  gratitude  to  those  who  ven- 
ture the  supreme  sacrifice  of  life  for  their  country 
and  for  the  freedom  of  mankind  in  this  war,  by 
thus  honoring  them,  to  aid  in  keeping  alive  through 
the  generations  to  come,  the  spirit  of  unselfish, 
patriotic  devotion,  without  which  no  free  govern- 
ment can  long  endure  or  will  deserve  to  endure." 
His  career  may  well  serve  as  an  inspiration  to  every 
young  man  of  honesty  and  ability.  He  was  married 
at  Charles  City,  la.,  May  24,  1877,  to  Ida  E.  Smith 
(below),  an  artist  and  writer,  who  died  in  1912. 
As  a  memorial  to  her,  he  gave  to  the  University 
of  Chicago  Ida  Noyes  Hall.  La  Verne  Noyes  uied 
in  Chicago,  111.,  July  24,  1919. 

NOYES,  Ida  E.  Smith,  artist  and  philanthro- 
pist, was  born  in  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.,  April 
16,  1853,  daughter  of  Joel  W.  and  Susan  M. 
(Wheat)  Smith  of  New  England  ancestry.  Silas 
Smith,  her  grandfather,  removed  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.,  and  her 
father,  who  was  a  physician,  removed  with  his 
family  to  Charles  City,  la.,  in  1857,  and  this  was 
the  family  home  for  more  than  half  a  century. 
She  was  graduated  with  honors  at  Iowa  State 
College  in  1874,  receiving  the  degree  B.S.  After 
her  marriage  she  removed  to  Illinois,  but  her  many 
Iowa  friends  retained  interest  in  her  and  noted 
with  pride  and  satisfaction  the  leading  position 
she  attained  in  her  new  home.  She  possessed  great 
artistic  ability,  and  for  some  years  studied  paint- 
ing at  the  Chicago  Art  Institute,  and  later  in  the 
leading  studios  of  Paris.  She  was  also  skilled  as  a 
writer  of  verse,  particularly  poems  for  special  oc- 
casions which  she  often  wrote  on  the  spur  of  the 
moment.  A  volume  of  these,  entitled  "Occasional 
Verses,"  was  published  after  her  death.  She  was 
an  extensive  traveler,  visiting  every  part  of 
America  and  making  many  excursions  abroad,  and 
on  one  trip  encircling  the  globe.  A  pictorial  record 
of  her  travels  was  obtained  by  means  of  her 
camera,  and  these  thousands  of  beautiful  photo- 
graphs indicate  how  successful  had  been  her  artis- 
tic training.  Her  very  entertaining  letters  written 
during  these  numerous  trips  have  been  bound  in 
several  books  of  travel.  She  was  president  of  the 
North  Side  Art  Club,  Chicago,  a  director  of  the 
Twentieth  Century  Club,  and  member  of  the 
Chicago  Woman's  Club,  Woman's  Athletic  Club, 
and  had  been  prominent  in  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  particularly  in  the  efforts  to 
enlighten  foreign-born  Americans  regarding  Amer- 
ican history  and  government  and  to  instill  pa- 
triotism into  the  minds  of  their  children.  After 
serving  as  regent  of  the  Chicago  Chapter  for  two 
terms,  she  was  elected  vice-president-general  of 
the  national  society  and  was  re-elected  during  her 
final  illness.  A  memorial  meeting  for  her  was 
held  Dec.  19,  1912,  by  the  Chicago  Chapter  1).  A.  R. 
The  words  quoted  below  from  Mrs.  Matthew  T. 
Scott,  president-general,  show  the  high  esteem 
in  which  Mrs.  Noyes  was  held:  "The  loss  of  one 
so  cherished,  the  one  I  so  leaned  on  for  help,  for 
counsel,  for  support — so  strong,  so  true,  so  un- 


wavering in  friendship — means  mov?  to  me  than 
to  any  other  one  person  in  the  world,  except  the 
stricken  man  for  whom  the  light  of  life  has  gone 
out.  I  am  stunned  as  to  why  this  bright,  beautiful 
woman,  so  radiant  with  glorious  vitality,  bubbling 
over  with  wit  and  humor,  so  feminine  in  charm 
and  personality,  so  strong  in  intellect,  should  have 
been  taken  from  those  who  so  loved  and  leaned 
upon  her.  Never  again  shall  we  hear  from  her 
smiling  lips  the  sparkling,  yet  stingless,  raillery 
and  pleasantry  that  have  charmed  and  convulsed 
great  assemblies;  nor  noble  addresses  that  are 
stamped  as  classics — with  their  ring  of  truth  and 
sincerity,  matchless  in  thought  and  utterance.  I 
am  sure  I  may  be  pardoned  in  this  pathetic  hour 
for  alluding  to  her  marvelous  address  in  the  Con- 
gress of  1911  in  illustration  of  the  intellectual 
supremacy  of  this  great  woman."  She  was  active 
in  all  good  causes,  and  not  only  made  many  pub- 
lic addresses,  but  gave  generously,  both  in  money 
and  in  personal  effort,  to  help  those  in  distress 
and  to  aid  others  in  their  charitable  work.  In 
1913  Mr.  Noyes  presented  to  the  University  of 
Chicago  as  a  memorial  to  his  wife,  Ida  Noyes  Hall, 
a  gymnasium  and  social  center  for  the  young 
women  students.  In  accepting  same,  Pres.  Judson 
said:  "The  gift  of  $490,000.00  to  the  University 
of  Chicago  by  Mr.  La  Verne  Noyes  in  memory  of 
his  wife  is  an  act  unusual  in  its  direct  appropri- 
ateness. The  impress  that  Mrs.  Noyes '  life  left 
upon  the  various  branches  of  woman's  activities 
in  Chicago  is  still  fresh.  The  memorial  at  the 
great  university  will  preserve  its  memory  in  the 
years  to  come.  It  was  altogether  fitting  that  the 
Board  of  Trustees  declared  in  formal  resolution 
its  'especial  gratification  that  there  is  to  be  com- 
memorated in  the  quadrangles  of  the  University 
the  name  of  a  gracious  and  gifted  woman  whose 
rare  qualities  are  well  worthy  of  admiration  and 
emulation  by  successive  generations  of  our  young 
women.'"  She  was  married  May  24,  1877,  to 
LaVerne  Noyes.  She  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Dec.  5, 
1912. 

BLAIR,  Albert,  lawyer,  was  born  at  Kinder- 
hook,  111.,  Oct.  16,  1840,  son  of  William  and 
Mary  (Jackson)  Blair.  His  father  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Black  Hawk  v>ar  and  a  political  leader  of 
considerable  prominence.  Albert  Blair  studied  in 
the  public  schools  of  Barry,  111.,  until  sixteen 
years  of  age,  after  which  he  spent  three  years 
at  Christian  University,  Canton,  Mo.,  and  one 
year  at  Phillips  Acadruny,  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1863,  and  spent 
one  year  at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  after 
which  he  was  offered  a  position  in  the  State  Uni- 
versity at  Columbia,  Mo.,  as  a  teacher  of  Latin, 
but  declined  to  accept  a  position  in  the  freight 
department  of  the  North  Missouri  Railroad  Co., 
at  Macon,  Mo.  For  a  number  of  years  he  served 
as  agent  of  that  road  and  then  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Williams  &  Henry  of  Macon 
at  the  same  time  serving  as  secretary  of  the  Keo- 
kuk  &  Kansas  City  Railroad  Co.,  then  engaged 
in  constructing  a  railroad  from  Keokuk,  la.,  to 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  After  having  completed  a  large 
amount  of  grading  and  other  construction  work 
in  Knox,  Macon  and  Chariton  counties,  the  com- 
pany surrendered  to  the  panic  of  1S73.  Thereafter 
Mr.  Blair  was  land  agent  and  attorney  for  the 
North  Missouri  Insurance  Co.,  which  also  became 
a  victim  of  financial  reverses.  He  removed  to  St. 
Louis  in  1876  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
the  Missouri  bar,  since  which  time  he  has  engaged 
in  general  practice  in  the  state  and  federal  courts 
and  has  also  specialized  largely  in  corporation 


158 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


lu\v.  For  a  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Holmes,  Blair*&  Koerner.  He  has  been  identified 
with  the  establishment  of  several  successful  manu- 
facturing companies,  based  upon  patented  devices, 
having  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Ameri- 
can Brake  Co.,  of  which  he  is  a  director,  the  Chi- 
cago Railway  Equipment  Co.;  the  Missouri  Elec- 
tric Light  &  Power  Co.  and  the  Wagner  Electric 
Manufacturing  Co.  He  is  a  director  of  the  latter 
concern,  as  well  as  of  the  American  Brake  Co.  and 
of  the  Moon-Hopkins  Billing  Machine  Co.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  interested  in  the 
improvement  of  municipal  government  and  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  which  drafted  the  act  of 
the  Missouri  legislature  providing  the  Australian 
ballot  method  for  holding  elections.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  committee  which  secured  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act  of  the  State  of 
Missouri.  For  a  number  of  years  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  Civil  Service  Reform  Asso- 
ciation and  of  the  Civic  League  of  St.  Louis,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society ;  American  Bar 
Association;  Missouri  State  Bar  Association,  and 
Law  Library  Association.  Mr.  Blair  has  traveled 
extensively  both  here  and  abroad.  He  was  married 
in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Feb.  2,  1907,  to  Clara  (Urqu- 
hart)  Spencer,  daughter  of  the  late  George  Urqu- 
hart,  for  many  years  vice-president  of  the  Plant 
Seed  Co.  of  St.  Louis. 

KASINES,  Antonio  P.,  financier,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Mar.  22,  1848,  sou  of  Antonio  J. 
Rasines  a  native  of  Northern  Spain,  who  had  ex- 
tensive estates  overlooking  the  Bay  of  Biscay  and 
who  came  to  this  country  about  1825,  and  became 
associated  with  the  old  shipping  firm  of  E.  K. 
Colins  &  Co.  He  married  Amelia  Ferris  of  the 
Westchester  County  family  of  that  name.  The 
son  was  graduated  at  Fort  Washington  Institute 
(formerly  the  old  French  Institute  of  New  York) 
in  1867  and  began  his  business  career  as  junior 
clerk  with  the  importing  firm  of  Fabrie  &  Co.,  one 
of  the  largest  of  its  time.  In  1S69  he  formed  the 
firm  of  Rasines  &  Rorices,  in  the  commission  busi- 
ness. Being  an  expert  linguist,  he  was  called  upon 
to  do  a  large  amount  of  bank  business  for  foreign 
clients.  He  soon  discovered  the  greater  possibili- 
ties in  this  field,  and  relinquishing  the  commission 
business,  devoted  his  attention  wholly  to  finance 
with  exceptional  success.  He  spent  several  years 
in  London,  Paris  and  other  foreign  banking 
centres  in  studying  their  methods  and  conditions, 
and  upon  his  return  resigned  from  his  firm  to 
devote  his  whole  attention  to  banking.  In  1886, 
with  Charles  W.  Dayton,  Edward  P.  Steers  and 
others,  he  organized  the  New  York  Twelfth  Ward 
Bank,  of  which  he  was  first  vice-president  and 
later  president.  In  1887  he  became  president  of 
and  built  the  Rome  (N.Y.)  City  Street  Railway, 
and  in  1SS8,  -with  others,  he  purchased  the  River- 
side &  Fort  Lee  ferry  and  as  its  president  built 
up  a  strong  organization  which  is  today  a  valuable 
asset  to  the  city.  He  then  turned  again  to  rail- 
way building  and  constructed  the  Newburgh 
(N.Y.)  Street  Railway,  of  which  he  was  also  the 
president.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Empire  City  Savings  Bank  of  New  York  in  1889, 
and  of  the  Canal  Street  Bank  in  1890,  and  was 
president  of  both.  He  was  a  s-hmil  trustee  of  the 
Twelfth  ward  for  fourteen  years  (18*7-1901),  and 
during  the  later  years  of  his  life  was  employed  as 
an  expert  specialist  in  real  estate  and  investments. 
Besides  the  positions  already  mentioned,  Mr. 
Rasines  was  at  one  time  secretary  of  the  Hanover 
Realty  Co.,  president  of  the  Insurers '  Automatic 
Sprinkler  Co.,  treasurer  of  the  Economic  Print 


Co.,  and  president  of  the  Edward  Burr  Railroad 
Supply  Co.,  all  of  New  York;  he  was  also  com- 
missioner of  municipal  statistics  and  of  street 
openings  for  New  York  city,  a  charter  member  of 
the  New  York  Athletic  Club,  and  a  member  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  Mr.  Rasines  married 
Ada  W.  Jex,  of  New  York,  and  had  two  children, 
Ada  and  Guy  Rasines.  He  died  in  New  York  city, 
Oct.  14,  1917. 

BTJRWASH,  Henry,  J.,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  at  St.  Andrews,  Quebec,  Canada,  Nov. 
17,  1854,  sou  of  Albert  and  Jane  (Jefferson)  Bur- 
wash.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Adam  Burwash,  who  came  to  this  country 
from  Kent,  England,  in  1756.  The  Burwash  family 
is  traced  back  to  the  eleventh  century,  is  of  Nor- 
man extraction,  and  entered  England  with  William 
the  Conqueror.  The  Burwash  coat  of  arms  is  a 
lion  rampant,  colors  blue  and  silver.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  St.  Andrews  and  La  Chute 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  McGill  University, 
Montreal,  Can.,  with  the  degree  of  M.D.C.M.  in 
1879 ;  he  was  also  a  licentiate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians,  London,  Eng.,  in  1879,  and  that  same 
year  did  post-graduate  work  at  St.  Thomas  Hos- 
pital, London.  In  1880-81  he  practiced  in  Mani- 
toba, and  in  the  Northwest  Territory,  then  spent 
three  years  in  Minneapolis,  and  in  1884  removed 
to  Chicago.  In  1SS6  he  received  his  final  papers  as 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  Dr.  Burwash  was 
the  first  physician  in  Rapid  City,  Northwest  Terri- 
tory. He  was  a  member  of  the  surgical  staff  of  the 
Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconess  Home  Hospital,  for 
several  years  surgeon  to  Cook  County  Hospital,  and 
his  professional  connections  were  of  the  highest, 
marking  him  as  an  able  and  successful  physician. 
He  wrote  numerous  monographs  on  medical  sub- 
jects, among  them  "Enemata  of  Oxygen  Gas," 
"Treatment  of  Pneumonia,"  and  "Hyperemia," 
all  of  which  contain  ideas  original  with  Dr.  Bur- 
wash.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  adopt  a  new  idea 
in  his  profession,  knew  how  far  he  could  use  it  suc- 
cessfully, and  was  one  of  the  best  diagnosticians  in 
the  West.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  the  Chicago  Medical  Society, 
the  Chicago  Pathological  Society,  the  Chicago  Phy- 
sicians' Club,  British  Empire  Association,  the  Can- 
adian Club,  and  the  McGill  Alumni  Association, 
of  which  he  was  a  former  president;  he  was  also 
a  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar,  member  of  Chicago 
Commandery  No.  19,  and  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Atheltic  Club.  He  was  married  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  May  3,  1883,  to  Margareta  A.  Meyer;  of 
this  union  one  child  survives,  a  daughter,  Elvira 
Burwash.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Feb.  7,  1917. 

MACCTJBDY,  George  Grant,  anthropologist, 
was  born  at  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  Apr.  17,  1863,  son 
of  William  Jasper  and  Margaret  (Smith)  Mac- 
Curdy,  and  a  descendant  of  David  MacCurdy,  who 
came  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  and  settled  at 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  1725;  from  him  the  line  of  de- 
scent is  traced  through  his  son  John  and  the 
latter 's  wife  Elizabeth  Groves;  and  through  their 
son  Stephen  and  his  wife  Mary  Delilah  Wright, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  George  Grant  Mac- 
Curdy.  He  received  his  preparatory  education  at 
the  State  Norman  School  of  Warrensburg,  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  with  the  degree 
of  A.B.  in  1893,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  same  institution  in  1894.  Subsequently,  dur- 
ing 1894-98,  he  attended  the  universities  of 
Vienna,  Paris  (School  of  Anthropology)  and  Ber- 
lin During  1898-1900  he  served  as  instructor  in 
anthropology  at  Yale  University,  was  lecturer  and 
curator  of  the  anthropological  collection  thera 


ALBERT  BLAIR 
LAWYER 


AXTONIO  P.  RASIXES 
FINANCIER 


HENRY  J.  BURWASH 
.PHYSICIAN  AXD  SURGEON 


GEORGE  G.  M.uCURDY 
ANTHROPOLOGIST 


fr^O^TU 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  159 

during  1902-10,  and  from  the  latter  year  until  the  He  was  also  a  director  and  vice-president  of  the 
present  time  (1918)  has  been  assistant  professor  First  National  Bank  of  Bridgeport  and  upon  the 
of  prehistoric  archeology  and  curator  of  anthro-  consolidation  of  that  bank  with  the  Bridge- 
pological  collections.  He  is  the  author  of  "The  port  National  Bank,  under  the  name  of  First 
Eolithic  Problem "  (1905);  "Some  Phases  of  P re-  Bridgeport  National  Bank,  he  became  a  director, 
historic  Archeology"  (1907);  "Antiquity  of  Man  He  was  possessed  of  much  civic  pride;  he  loved 
in  Europe"  (1910);  "A  Study  of  Chiriquian  Bridgeport  and  strove  constantly  to  make  it  a 
Antiquities"  (1911);  "The  Caveman  as  Artist"  city  of  industry  and  of  vital  patriotism.  He  was 
(1912)  ;  "Ancient  Man,  His  Environment  and  His  an  alderman  of  Bridgeport,  and  a  member  of  the 
Art"  (1913);  "The  Dawn  of  Art"  (1916);  board  of  education  for  many  years.  In  1895-96 
' '  Octopus  Motive  in  Ancient  Chiriquian  Art ' '  he  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
(1916);  "The  Cult  of  Ax"  (1916);  "Some  and  introduced  a  bill  calling  for  the  elimination 
Mounds  of  Eastern  Tennessee"  (1917);  "The  of  all  grade  crossings  through  Bridgeport  at  a 
Wesleyan  University  Collection  of  Antiquities  from  cost  of  $25,000  to  the  city.  A  storm  of  criticism 
Tennessee"  (1917),  and  "The  Problem  of  Man's  arose  as  a  result  of  the  bill  and  he  felt  the  eriti- 
Antiquity  at  Vero,  Florida"  (1917).  He  wrote  cism  so  keenly  that  he  retired  from  politics  soon 
numerous  papers  on  prehistoric  archeology.  Since  after.  The  city  was  eventually  obliged  to  pay 
1911  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  supervisory  $400,000  for  its  share  of  elevating  the  tracks,  which 
board  of  the  American  Year  Book  Corporation,  was  an  emphatic  vindication  for  Mr.  Marsh.  In 
He  has  also  served  as  government  delegate  to  politics  he  was  always  a  Republican.  In  1910  he 
various  international  congresses,  and  in  1904  served  as  a  presidential  elector,  voting  for  Mc- 
was  a  member  of  the  International  jury  at  the  Kinley  and  Roosevelt.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  St.  Louis.  He  is  the  Christian  life  of  Bridgeport  as  well  as  in  all 
a  member  of  the  Anthropological  societies  of  its  charities;  was  a  member  of  the  second  Congre- 
Paris,  Berlin  and  Brussels;  National  Geographic  gatioual  Church,  served  as  superintendent  of  its 
Society;  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sunday  school  and  for  fifty-four  years  prior  to 
Sciences;  Archeological  Institute  of  America;  his  death  was  senior  deacon.  A  leader  in  the 
American  Ethnological  Society;  American  An-  establishment  and  growth  of  the  Bridgeport  Y.  M. 
thropological  Association,  (secretary  1904-16)  ;  C.  A.  he  was  also  a  member  and  vice-president  of 
American  Association  of  Museums,  also  the  com-  the  board  of  trustees  and  treasurer  of  the  build- 
mittee  on  anthropology  of  the  National  Council  jug  fund.  In  1891  he  was  a  member  of  the  exec- 
and  the  supervisory  board  of  the  American  Year  utive  board  of  the  Bridgeport  Hospital  Associa- 
Book  Corporation;  Sigma  Xi  college  fraternity;  tion,  was  elected  president  in  1899,  aad  held  the 
fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad-  latter  office  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a 
vancement  of  Science  (vice-president)  ;  correspond-  member  of  the  Elias  Howe  Post,  G.A.R.,  the  Sea- 
ing  member  of  the  Institute  of  Coimbra  (Portu-  side  Club  and  the  New  York  commandery,  Mili- 
gal)  ;  School  of  Anthropology  (Paris)  ;  Anthropo-  tary  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  He  was  twice 
logical  Society  of  Washington;  Missouri  Historical  married:  (1)  in  June,  1S58,  to  Amanda  Blan- 
Society;  Soeietee  des  Americanistes  de  Paris;  and  den>  Of  Burlington,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Marsh  died  in 
Numismatic  and  Antiquarian  societies  (Philadel-  1886,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Jan.  12,  1888,  to 
phia).  He  is  also  a  life  member  of  the  Navy  Falmy  Forrester,  daughter  of  Munson  Hawley,  of 
League  of  the  United  States.  His  clubs  are  Gradu-  Bridgeport.  Mr.  Marsh  died  in  Bridgeport,  Conn., 
ates  and  Old  Lyme  Country,  and  his  favorite  diver-  jan_  23,  1913. 

sion  is  walking.     He  is  unmarried.  TRACY,     Howard,     merchant,    was    born    at 

MARSH,  Edward  Williams,  banker,  was  born  Putnam,  O.,  Feb.  16,  1856,  son  of  Frederick  E. 
at  New  Milford,  Conn.,  Jan.  24,  1836,  son  of  an(j  Anna  (Lord)  Tracy.  He  is  descended  in 
Daniel  and  Charlotte  (Williams)  Marsh,  of  old  the  male  line  from  the  Tracys  of  Gloucester- 
New  England  ancestry.  He  was  educated  at  the  shire,  Viscounts  of  Rothcole,  whose  principal 
academy  at  New  Milford  and  the  Alger  Institute  estate,  Toddington  Manor  (present  owner,  Lord 
at  South  Cornwall,  Conn.  His  father  was  the  old  Hanbury-Tracy,  Baron  Sudeley)  has  been  in  the 
Housatonic  station  agent  on  the  New  Milford  rail-  family  since  the  days  of  King  JEthelred,  ' '  The 
road  and  through  him  the  sou  secured  a  position  Unready."  The  first  of  the  family  in  America 
in  the  freight  office  of  the  road.  Shortly  afterwards  was  Thomas  Tracy,  son  of  Sir  Paul  Tracy,  Bart., 
he  entered  the  office  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  -who  emigrated  to  Connecticut  in  1636.  nnd  was  a 
&  Hartford  Railroad  Co.,  New  Haven,  and  in  1854  member  of  the  Connecticut  colonial  assembly  during 
was  transferred  to  Bridgeport,  Conn.  Later  he  left  thirty-six  sessions  and  the  owner  of  5,000  acres  of 
the  railroad  and  took  a  position  with  the  Hawley  land,  the  line  of  descent  being  traced  through  his 
Hardware  Co.  Subsequently  he  formed  a  partner-  son  John  and  his  wife,  Mary  Winslow  (niece  of 
ship  with  Edward  Sterling  and  F.  B.  Hawley  in  Gov.  Edward  Winslow)  ;  their  son  John  and  his 
the  Spring  Perch  Co.,  with  which  he  was  associated  wife,  Elizabeth  Leffingwell;  their  soa  John  and  his 
for  over  twenty  years,  being  secretary  of  the  com-  wife,  Margaret  Hyde;  their  son  Josiah  and  his 
pany  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1862  he  en-  wife,  Margaret  Pettis;  their  sou  Josiah  and  his 
listed  as  a  private  in  the  19th  Connecticut  volun-  wife,  Mary  Birchard,  and  their  son,  Josiah 
teers,  a  Litehfield  county  regiment  which  subse-  Tracy,  and  his  wife,  Diantha  Lathrop,  who  were 
quently  became  the  2nd  "heavy  artillery,  and  was  the  grandparents  of  Howard  Tracy.  His  grand- 
soon  made  quartermaster-sergeant.  He  was  pro-  father,  Josiah  Tracy,  was  judge,  colonel  of  mili- 
moted  to  second  lieutenant  on  the  field;  and  again,  tia,  state  senator  and  mayor  of  Huron,  O.  Mr. 
on  the  field,  to  first  lieutenant.  When  sent  home  Tracy's  father  was  a  merchant,  banker  and  cap- 
on recruiting  service,  Gov.  Buckingham  commis-  italist,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Russell  F. 
sioned  him  captain  and  he  returned  to  the  front  in  Lord,  president  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
command  of  Company  M.  While  he  saw  much  Canal  Co.  Howard  Tracy  received  his  prelim- 
actual  fighting,  Capt.  Marsh  was  never  wounded  inary  education  at  Oberlin  (O.)  Academy,  and 
in  battle.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  Bridge-  was  graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1879. 
port  where  he  was  a  trustee  in  the  Peoples'  Sav-  began  a  business  career  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  as 
ings  Bank  and  in  1886  was  elected  its  treasurer,  a  salesman,  and  in  1884  became  general  sales- 


160 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


man  for  George  H.  Hull  &  Co.,  pig  iron  mer- 
chants  of  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1887  he  was  made 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the  busi- 
ness.  In  1894  with  his  cousin,  Leverett  Lord 
Hull,  he  bought  the  business  from  George  H. 
Hull,  removed  it  to  Chicago,  111.,  and  changed 
the  name  to  Hull  &  Co.,  which  now  dealt  chiefly 
in  coal  and  coke,  and  of  which  he  was  senior 
partner  until  Leverett  L.  Hull's  death  in  1!>10, 
when  the  business  was  discontinued.  In  lflO:> 
he  bought  an  interest  in  and  became  director  of 
the  Yates  t'ity  (111.)  Coal  Co.,  operating  mines 
at  that  place,  and  the  following  year  bought  an 
interest  in  ami  became  president  of  the  Chicago 
\-  Marion  Coal  Co.,  operating  mines  at  Marion, 
111.  Mr.  Tracy  is  past  president  of  the  National 
Fox  Hunting  Association  of  America,  and  at 
different  times  has  held  membership  in  the 
Ontwentsia  Club,  Lake  Forest,  111.;;  Evanston 
(111.)  Country  Club  and  University  Club,  Evans- 
ton;  Chicago  Chess  and  Checker  Club  (past 
president)  and  Campfire  Club,  Chicago,  and  Fen- 
dennis  Club,  Louisville.  He  has  found  his  chief 
recreations  in  fox-hunting,  shooting,  chess  and 
the  study  of  birds,  trees  and  plants.  When  in 
Kentucky  he  maintained  a  well  known  kennel 
of  fox-hounds,  breeding  many  champions;  won 
many  cups  at  trap-shooting;  has  acted  as  judge 
at  equine  exhibitions,  and  is  rated  one  of  the 
best  amateur  chess  players  in  America.  s 

p.diti.-al  affiliation  is  with  the  .Republican  party 
and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Congregational 
church.  He  was  married  May  5  1886,  to  Bes- 
sie,  daughter  of  Adrian  Van.  Sinderen  Ljndsley, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  grand-daughter  ofPhilip 
Limlsley  (q.v.),  and  had  three  children:  Howard 
Yan  Smderen;  Adrienne  Lawrence,  who  married 


Co.,  Hemet  Land  Co.,  Fairview  Land  &  Water  Co., 
Hemet  Town  Water  Co.,  founding,  in  1887,  the 
town  of  Hemet,  Riverside  co.,  Cal.,  which  is  now  a 
flourishing  city  of  1HM.I  jiopulation.  They  also  built 
the  great  Hemet  dam  in  the  San  Jacinto  mountains. 
Mr.  Whittier  was  president  of  these  various  cor- 
porations,  also  president  and  owner  of  the  Hemet 
Stock  Farm  Co.,  comprising  sixty  acres,  where  he 
raised  thoroughbred  horses.  He  was  president  of 
the  Bank  of  Hemet,  which  was  organized  in  l.sii'l, 
and  in  1915  was  consolidated  with  the  First  X:i- 
tioual  Bank  of  Hemet.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
vigilance  committee  of  San  Francisco,  in  1S5H. 
F0r  a  decade  he  was  chairman  of  the  finance  com- 
mittee  of  the  Republican  state  central  committee, 
ancl  he  was  also  delegate  to  various  conventions  of 
that  party,  in  the  councils  of  which  he  has  been  a 
dominant  factor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  San 
Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  of  the  I  'a 
cific-rnion,  Economic,  Olympic,  and  McCloud 
Country  clubs,  San  Francisco.  He  was  married  at 
Vienna,  Me.,  Aug.  26,  1858,  to  Charlotte  Ann, 
daughter  of  John  Robinson,  of  Mount  Yernon,  Me.; 
she  Jiej  in  liSS5i  ]cavi,,s  three  children:  Mattie, 
wife  of  William  Boyd  Weir;  Jane,  wife  of  Leigh 
Sypher,  ami  William  Robinson  Whittier,  of  Hemet, 
Cal_  He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Jan.  26,  11U  7. 
STEVENS,  Phineas,  soldier,  was  born  in  Sud- 
b  Mass.,  Feb.  20,  1706,  son  of  Joseph  and 

Pru-dence  (Eice)  gtevens,  and  grandson  of  Col. 
c  ian  Stevens,  an  early  settler  of  Sudburv. 
^  bovhood  davs  were  passed  in  Rutland.  Mass.. 
an<]  accorc]inR  to  llis  iournais  which  are  models  of 

neatness  1)e  received  a  superior  education.  When 
sixtoen  ^  of  hg  am{  three  hrothers  were  am. 

buslu,(1  ',,,.   the   Im]ians   on   his   father's   meadow; 
were    killed    outright,    and    Phineas 


was  born   at   Vienna, 


Jan, 


(,;d  all  the 


M(,ntreal      Duri       the  vear  he 


Nathaniel  and  Nancy  Ann   (Merrill)  Whittier    and  in         tivij     he  j,,,,.,,,,,,  the  ]anguage  and  cus- 

a  descendant  of  Thomas  Whittier,  who  came  from  ^  In<-               ^  pren        ft  £„„*  le,,       that 

Wiltshire  county    England    in  the  ship  Confidence  d    f             a,lvantage  to  him  in  after  life.    He 

in  1638,  locating  hrst  at  Salisbury,  Mass.,  and  sub-  I                £    ^  )je  ^   Bf  th<?  mQst  p             hunterg 

sequently  at  Haverhill    Mass.;  from  Thomas  Whit-  and  ^^  o{  hig  timp      LT         fhe  breakin     out  of 

tier  and  Ruth  Green,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  fhe  o](]   French  and   ^^  war  in   17U    thp  set. 

through   their   son    Nathaniel    and    his   wite    Mary  t,erg  of  ^  fo]         of  Massachusetts    which  at  that 

(Stevens)  Osgood ;  their  son  Reuben  and  his  wife  ti|ne  claimed  a]1'of  New   Hampshire  west  of  the 


iiuu.    iiic>    civuui  ni  appealed 

built  the  Whittier  homestead  near  Job  s  Hill   East  Ju         0Jnse  to  this  a '        ,  on  Oct.  26,  1744,  Stevens 

Haverhill,    in    16SS,    made   famous   by   Whittier  s  wag  c;mmissioned  iieutenant  in  a  company  raised 

"Snow  Bound".     This  house  has  been  deeded  to  a  for   the   l]efeuse   of   the  western   frontier.      In   the 

board  of  trustees  to  be  forever  kept  intact  in  re-  fo)lowi        vear   he  was   commissioned   captain   and 
membrance  of  the  poet.    Nathaniel  V  hittier,  father  e<{   .»  ^ommand  of  Fort  No    4    now  Charles. 

of  the  subject,  was  selectman,  town  clerk,  surveyor  £         N   H_     His  romantic  services  at  this  historic 

and  trial  justice;  he  commanded  a  company  in  the  fort  were  &  geries  of  bbo(,y  conflicts  with  the  In. 

war  of  1812,  and  later  was  elected  to  the  constitu-  dians  and  tfae  Frenf.h|  who'made  frequent  atta,-ks 

tional  convention  which   met  at  Portland,   Me.,  in  on  tfae  ]inle  fort  jn        atly  superior  numbers,  a  full 

1819,  and  recommended  the  formation  of  the  state  a(.eouat   of   which   would   fill   a   volume.     Captain 

of  Maine.     William  F.  Whittier  received  his  edn-  stevens.s  command  and  the  troops  at  Fort  No.  3 
cation    in    public    and   private   schools    in    Maine.  ,     ,       were  with,,rawn  ]ater  in  the  yearj  bnt 

After  serving  as  clerk  in  a  paint  and  drug  store  in  the  settlers  a     in  al,,loaie(i  for  help,  and  on  Feb. 

Boston  for  five  years,  he  removed  to  San  Francisco,  2g    m7    Gov;  Shirley  again  commissioned  Stevens 

Cal.,  in  1854,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi-  wjth  Mg  former  ran^  an(]  sent  him  back  to  Fort 

ness.     In  1857  he  organized  a  paint,  oil  and  glass  NQ_  ^     His  arrival  in  the  f0]iowing  March  was 

business  under  the  name  of  the  Cameron,  Whittier  timeiVi  for  early  in  the  morning  of  March  4th  the 

Co.,  and  ten  years  later  established  the  Whittier,  fort  ^-as  surroun,]ed  by  a  force  of  400  French  and 

Fuller    Co.,    with    William    P.    Fuller.      The    latter  in,iians  under  command  of  Jean  Raptiste  Boucher 

company  manufactured  the  first  white  lead  on  the  ,]e  Neverville.     Stevens  was  called  upon  to  surren- 

Pacific  coast,  and  also  the  first  mirrors.     With  Col.  der,  but  his  men,   only  thirty  in  number,  voted  to 
Mayberry,  he   organized   the  Lake   Hemet   Water  defend  the  place  to  the  last.     The  attack,  which 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


161 


began  at  9  A.M.,  lasted  twenty-five  hours  without 
interruption.  The  outbuildings  were  fired,  and  at- 
tempts were  made  to  burn  the  fort,  while  frequent 
assaults  were  made  en  masse,  but  without  loss  to 
the  iumates.  De  Neverville  again  called  on  Stevens 
to  surrender,  promising  safety  to  the  defenders  if 
they  yielded  and  death  to  all  if  they  refused.  The 
threat  proved  ineffectual,  and  the  attack  was  re- 
sumed with  even  greater  fury  until  the  end  of  the 
second  day,  when  the  enemy  retired.  In  this,  one 
of  the  severest  fights  011  record  in  the  first  French 
and  Indian  war,  a  little  band  of  thirty  New  Eng- 
land frontiersmen  withstood  the  onslaught  of  fif- 
teen times  their  number  of  the  enemy ;  only  two  of 
Stevens 's  men  were  slightly  wounded,  while  a  large 
number  of  the  enemy  was  killed.  As  an  apprecia- 
tion of  his  service  rendered  to  the  colonies,  Sir 
Charles  Knowles  presented  Capt.  Stevens  with  a 
beautifully  carved  silver  hilted  sword.  He  was 
again  put  in  charge  of  the  fort  in  November,  1747. 
He  was  married  in  1754  to  his  cousin,  Elizabeth 
Stevens  of  Petersham,  Mass.,  and  had  ten  children: 
Simon,  Willard  B.,  Simon,  second,  Enos,  Mary, 
Phineas,  Catherine,  Prudence,  Solomon  and  Doro- 
tliv  Stevens.  He  died  in  Chignecto,  Nova  Scotia, 
Feb.  6,  1756. 

LEONARD,  George  Bement,  banker,  was  born 
in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  June  25,  1838,  son  of  John 
Alexander  and  Louisa  (Sloan)  Leonard,  grandson 
of  James  Leonard  and  great-grandson  of  Josiah 
Leonard.  His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
James  Leonard,  a  native  of  England,  who  came 
over  in  1631,  landing  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  settling 
at  Taunton,  Mass.,  in  1652.  He  and  his  brother 
erected  the  first  forge  in  the  Plymouth  colony, 
which  later  became  the  principal  one  in  America. 
The  family  records  between  this  ancestor  and  the 
great-grandfather  were  destroyed  by  fire  at  Taun- 
ton. George  B.  Leonard  obtained  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Syracuse,  and  early  be- 
came a  clerk  in  a  local  store.  Later  he  transferred 
his  services  to  the  C'rouse  Bank  in  Syracuse  and 
before  attaining  his  majority  entered  the  Bank  of 
Salina  as  clerk.  When  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Syracuse  was  organized  in  1863,  he  was  ap- 
pointed cashier,  continuing  until  1897,  when  he  re- 
signed and  accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Salt 
Springs  National  Bank.  In  both  these  positions  he 
was  prominent  in  financial  circles  of  Syracuse.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  projectors  for  the  founding  of 
the  Syracuse  Trust  Co.  Meanwhile  he  had  become 
interested  in  local  railway  and  industrial  enter- 
prises, was  identified  with  the  building  of  the  East 
Side  Railway  connecting  Syracuse  with  East  Syra- 
cuse, the  road  later  being  merged  with  the  Syra- 
cuse Rapid  Transit  System,  which  is  now  (1918) 
part  of  the  New  York  State  Railways.  He  was  one 
of  the  incorporators  of  the  Kemp  &  Burpee  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  and  served  as  treasurer  until  its  pur- 
chase by  the  John  Deere  Plow  Co.,  of  Moline,  111.; 
was  also  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Syracuse 
Tube  Co.,  and  at  the  time  of  its  absorption  by  the 
National  Tube  Co.,  the  largest  stockholder,  and 
one  of  the  incorporators  and  a  director  of  the 
Great  Lakes  Steamship  Co.  In  early  life  he  was 
an  active  member  of  the  Plymouth  Congregational 
Church,  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  later  was  a  devout 
attendant  and  generous  supporter  of  the  First  Re- 
formed Church,  that  city.  He  was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Citizens  Club  of  Syracuse.  His  military 
activities  included  services  with  the  national  guard 
during  the  civil  war.  In  politics  he  was  a  Repub- 
lican, and  in  1873-75  was  a  school  commissioner  in 
Syracuse.  He  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  force 
and  discernment;  dependable  in  any  relation  and 


every  emergency;  genial  in  temperament  and  sub- 
stantial in  his  friendships.  He  was  married  Oct. 
24,  1866,  to  Elizabeth  De  Witt,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Dimock  of  Cuba,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  and 
his  surviving  children  are:  Thomas  Dimock,  a  real 
estate  broker  in  New  York;  George  Alexander,  of 
the  Hill-Leonard  Engineering  Construction  Co.,  of 
St.  Catherines,  Out.,  Can.,  and  of  the  British-Amer- 
ican Shipbuilding  Co.,  of  Welland,  Out.;  Anna 
Elizabeth,  and  Margaret  De  Witt  Leonard.  He 
died  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  June  7,  1914. 

STEVENS,  Samuel,  surveyor,  was  born  in  Rut- 
laud,  Mass.,  July  4,  1735,  sou  of  Phineas  Stevens, 
(p.  160).  He  received  a  good  education,  and  at  an 
early  age  became  a  surveyor.  In  1760  he  was  em- 
ployed by  a  land  company  to  explore  the  New 
Hampshire  grants  (now  Vermont)  from  White 
River  Junction  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Winooski 
and  Lamoille  rivers,  and  report  on  the  most  suit- 
able location  for  settlements,  and  he  surveyed  many 
townships  in  the  New  Hampshire  grants  for  the 
proprietors.  Becoming  an  expert  scout  and  woods- 
man in  his  father 's  company,  he  was  appointed 
commander  of  Fort  No.  4,  now  Charlestown,  N.  H., 
in  1759.  In  November,  1759,  he  was  sent  to  the 
relief  of  Maj.  Robert  Rogers  (q.v.),  who  was  re- 
turning from  his  famous  expedition  against  the  St. 
Francis  Indians.  He  went  up  the  Connecticut  river 
with  three  companions  in  boats  as  far  as  Round 
Island,  a  little  below  what  is  now  Barnet,  Yt.,  and 
after  waiting  two  days  and  seeing  nothing  of 
Rogers,  he  returned  to  Fort  No.  4.  Rogers  with  a 
remnant  of  his  hard-pressed  and  starving  band 
reached  Stevens 's  camp  soon  after,  and  found  the 
fire  still  burning.  Several  of  his  men  died  in  conse- 
quence, and  Stevens  was  severely  censured  and  his 
command  taken  away  from  him.  He  was  active  in 
the  military  affairs  of  New  Hampshire,  being  com- 
missioned lieutenant  in  or  before  1758,  and  was 
promoted  through  the  various  grades  to  that  of 
colonel.  He  was  one  of  the  most  skilled  surveyors 
in  the  New  England  colonies;  was  selectman 
twelve  times;  was  town  treasurer  in  1765;  repre- 
sented the  town  in  the  state  legislature  in  1793, 
1794  and  1796-99;  was  councillor  in  1784-85  and 
17S6-S9,  and  registrar  of  probate  from  1794  until 
his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors 
of  Shrewsbury,  Rutland  and  Fairlee  in  1761,  and 
of  Newbury  and  Barnet  in  1763.  He  was  married 
Dec.  31,  1777,  to  Talitha  Bingham  of  Lempster, 
Mass.,  and  had  seven  children:  Solon,  Enos,  Polly, 
who  married  James  Harvey  Bingham,  Samuel  Bing- 
ham, Elizabeth,  Talitha  and  Prudence,  who  mar- 
ried Hiram  Bingham.  Col.  Stevens  died  in 
Charlestown,  N.  H.,  Nov.  23,  1823. 

STOCKDALE,  John  M.,  journalist,  legislator 
and  financier,  was  born  in  Morris  township, 
Greene  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  28,  1822,  son  of  William 
and  Hannah  (McQuaide)  Stockdale,  and  grand- 
son of  James  Stockdale,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1787,  and 
settled  in  Washington  (now  Greene)  county  in 
1790.  William  Stockdale,  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  prosperous  farmer.  The  son  received  his 
preparatory  education  at  Carmichael  Academy,  and 
was  graduated  in  1849  at  Washington  College. 
He  then  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  T.  M.  T. 
McKennan,  and  in  1S52  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1S53  he  became  owner  and  editor  of  the 
"Waynesburg  Messenger,"  the  only  Democratic 
newspaper  in  Greene  county.  His  zeal  ami  talents 
were  soon  recognized  and  in  1854  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature,  where  he  served  two 
terms,  when  impaired  health  compelled  him  to 
relinquish  these  activities.  While  in  quest  of 


162 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


health  and  recreation  in  the  West,  he  decided  to 
settle  at  Fort  Dodge,  la.,  where  in  1857,  by  ap- 
pointment of  Pres.  Buchanan,  he  became  register 
of  the  government  land  office.  During  his  residence 
in  Iowa  he  dealt  extensively  in  real  estate,  buying 
and  selling  more  than  200,000  acres  of  land.  The 
civil  war  having  depressed  land  values  throughout 
the  West,  in  1865  he  removed  to  Baltimore,  Md., 
where  he  engaged  in  the  wholesale  drug  business 
as  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Stockdale,  Smith  &  Co. 
He  was  also  the  owner  of  a  petroleum  oil  refinery 
until  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  stifled  competition.  In 
1881  he  removed  to  Washington,  Pa.,  where  for  a 
number  of  years  he  owned  and  published  "The 
Review  and  Examiner."  In  1883  he  obtained  a 
state  charter  for  the  transportation  and  use  of  nat- 
ural gas  for  lighting  and  heating  purposes,  and  a 
company  was  organized,  resulting  in  the  develop- 
ment of  oil  and  gas  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
his  home  town.  In  1884  he  was  nominated  for 
congress  on  the  Democratic  ticket  as  representative 
of  the  district  including  Washington,  Beaver  and 
Lawrence  counties.  Mr.  Stockdale  possessed  a 
pleasing  personality;  in  bearing  he  was  forceful 
and  resolute;  was  possessed  of  a  strong  will,  a 
cultivated  mind  and  fine  memory,  and  excelled  as 
an  extemporaneous  speaker.  An  intensely  public- 
spirited  man,  he  was  deeply  interested  and  always 
helpful  in  every  enterprise  making  for  the  moral 
improvement  and  material  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  dwelt.  He  was  honorable  in  all 
his  dealings,  scorned  injustice,  and  was  invariably 
the  champion  of  the  people 's  rights.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  June,  1913, 
his  daughter  established  in  his  memory,  at  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College,  the  John  M.  Stock- 
dale  lectureship  on  Political  Science  and  Political 
Service.  He  was  married  Apr.  22,  1857,  to  Pattie, 
daughter  of  Aimer  Clark,  of  Ton  Mile  Valley,  Pa. 
Mrs.  Stockdale  was  a  woman  of  rare  beauty,  ready 
wit,  and  gracious  Christian  character;  she  died  in 
1904  ;  there  was  one  child  of  this  union,  a  daughter, 
Elizabeth  C.  Stockdale,  who,  in  1907,  erected  in 
memory  of  her  mother  at  Colcord,  Raleigh  co.,  W. 
Va.,  the  Pattie  C.  Stockdale  School  for  mountain 
girls,  which  is  operated  under  the  direction  of  the 
Woman 's  Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  Mr.  Stockdale  died  in  Wash- 
ington, Pa.,  Sept.  17,  1897. 

KENT,  Jacob,  soldier,  was  born  at  Chebacco 
(now  Essex),  Mass.,  June  12,  1726,  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (Godfrey)  Kent,  and  great-great-grand- 
son of  Thomas  Kent,  who  settled  in  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  before  1643,  and  later  moved  to  Essex, 
Mass.  Little  is  known  concerning  his  boyhood. 
At  an  early  date  he  located  in  Plaistow,  N.  H., 
where  he  made  his  home  until  1763.  In  1760  he 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in  Col.  John 
Goffe's  regiment,  organized  for  service  in  the 
army  of  Gen.  Jeffrey  Amherst  for  the  campaign 
against  Canada.  In  the  following  May  he  marched 
from  Plaistow  for  fort  No.  4,  now  Charlestown, 
N.  H.,  a  few  days  later  leading  his  command  three 
miles  above  No.  4  and  across  the  Connecticut 
river,  where  he  built  a  block  house  on  the  west 
bank  of  that  stream,  besides  a  scow  and  canoes 
for  service  on  the  river.  On  May  28  he  moved 
with  his  company  to  the  Crown  Point  road  and 
assisted  in  building  the  road  through  Springfield, 
Weathersfield,  Cavendish  and  Ludlow,  to  pass  over 
the  Green  Mountains.  The  work  of  opening  this 
historic  road  from  Crown  Point  was  begun  on  the 
order  of  Gen.  Amherst  in  1759  by  Capt.  John 
Stark,  and  was  completed  to  the  western  side  of 
the  pass  over  the  mountains  late  in  the  autumn 


of  that  year  by  Maj.  John  Hawks.  The  eastern 
section  of  the  road  was  completed  in  July,  1760, 
and  Lieut.  Kent  then  left  with  his  command  for 
Crown  Point,  taking  part  in  its  capture  and  that  of 
Isle  aux  Noix  in  August,  and  the  subsequent  op- 
erations in  Canada  until  the  surrender  of  Montreal, 
Sept.  8.  On  his  return  home  in  1760  he  passed 
down  the  Connecticut  river  through  the  Lower 
Coos  region,  in  company  with  Lieut.-Col.  Jacob 
Bayley,  Lieut.  Timothy  Bedell  and  Capt.  John 
Hazen,  men  who  were  destined  to  take  a  conspicu- 
ous part  in  the  military  and  business  affairs  of 
Vermont  and  Northern  New  Hampshire.  Being 
impressed  with  the  resources  of  the  country  sur- 
rounding what  is  now  Newbury,  these  officers,  and 
seventy-two  associates,  applied  for  a  charter,  which 
they  obtained  May  18,  1763.  That  same  year 
Lieut.  Kent  moved  his  family  to  Newbury,  which 
thereafter  became  his  home.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  influential  citizens  of  the  town  and  state, 
was  elected  the  first  town  clerk  in  1764,  serving 
until  1789,  and  was  prominent  in  the  formation  of 
the  state  of  Vermont,  being  one  of  the  fifty-six 
delegates  that  met  in  Dorset,  Vt.,  when  the  ' '  cov- 
enant or  compact"  was  passed  by  which  it  was 
agreed  to  take  steps  to  form  the  New  Hampshire 
grants  into  a  district  separate  from  New  York; 
and  he  was  one  of  the  committee  of  three  to  pre- 
sent the  action  of  the  convention  to  the  citizens 
of  Gloucester  county.  In  August,  1776,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  from  Cumberland  and 
Gloucester  counties,  appointed  to  manage  the 
meeting  and  commission  officers  of  Rangers;  and 
in  May,  1777,  was  appointed  commissioner  to  take 
charge  of  property  of  persons  who  had  joined  the 
enemy.  He  was  the  first  representative  of  New- 
bury "to  the  state  legislature  at  Windsor  in  March, 
1778,  serving  again  in  1780-81;  was  a  member  of 
the  "grand  committee"  of  April  11,  1781,  which 
voted  favorably  on  the  admission  of  certain  New 
York  towns  to  the  state  of  Vermont,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Windsor  convention.  Mar.  28,  1800. 
He  was  at  different  times  justice  of  the  peace,  judge 
of  probate,  selectman,  county  clerk  and  assistant 
judge  of  the  inferior  court  of  common  pleas.  In 
September,  1764,  he  was  commissioned  captain  of 
an  independent  company  of  militia,  the  first  organ- 
ized in  that  section  of  the  state,  and  on  the  organi- 
zation of  other  companies,  a  regiment  was  formed 
and  Capt.  Kent  was  commissioned  its  first  colonel. 
When  troops  were  called  for  to  oppose  the  inva- 
sion of  Burgoyue  in  1777,  Col.  Kent  responded 
with  his  command,  taking  part  in  the  battles  lead- 
ing to  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  on  Oct.  17.  He 
owned  an  estate  of  550  acres  of  land  on  the  Con- 
necticut river,  two  miles  below  Newbury  village. 
A  notable  soldier  and  patriot,  the  state  of  Vermont 
owes  him  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  faithful  and 
efficient  services  during  the  most  trying  time  of  its 
history.  For  many  years  he  was  a  deacon  in  the 
Congregational  Church.  He  was  twice  married: 
(1)  Dec.  26,  1752,  to  Abigail,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Bailey,  by  whom  he  had  a  daughter,  Abigail,  who 
married  Thomas  Little  of  Atkinson,  N.  H.  Mrs. 
Kent  died  in  July,  1756,  and  he  was  married  (2) 
at  Plaistow,  N.  H.,  June  16,  1762,  to  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Nicholas  White;  five  children  were  born  of 
this  union:  Jacob,  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary 
war;  Mary;  Elizabeth,  who  married  Jacob  Punbar; 
John  and  Joseph  Kent.  Col.  Kent  died  in  New- 
bury, Vt,,  Dec.  13,  1812. 

WYNNE,  Thomas,  physician  and  jurist,  was 
born  at  Caerwys,  Flintshire,  North  Wales,  about 
1630,  son  of  Peter  Wynne  and  grandson  of  Sir 
John  Wynne.  He  practised  medicine  and  was 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


physician  to  William  Perm,  the  two  becoming 
warm  friends.  Dr.  Wynne  early  became  a  Quaker 
and  a  minister  and  writer  of  that  denomination. 
His  position  enabled  him  to  exert  much  influence 
in  alleviating  the  sufferings  of  Friends  through 
persecution.  In  1682  he  was  a  leader  of  a  Welsh 
group  which  bought  the  so-called  "Welsh  Tract" 
near  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  came  over  about  the 
same  time  as  Mr.  Penn,  arriving  at  Upland  or 
Chester,  Dec.  4,  16S2.  He  was  apparently  speaker 
of  the  first  assembly  there,  and  was  speaker  of  the 
following  assembly,  the  first  one  to  be  held  in 
Philadelphia  which  adopted  the  charter  or  con- 
stitution of  1683.  On  this  account  the  Philadel- 
phia main  street  (now  Market)  was  named  for 
him.  He  appears  to  have  returned  to  London 
with  Penn  for  a  short  time,  and  was  imprisoned 
for  attending  a  Quaker  funeral.  On  his  return 
in  16S4  he  settled  on  his  estate  at  Lewes, 
Del.,  and  became  a  judge  of  its  courts 
for  some  years.  He  was  also  an  expert  surveyor. 
In  1688,  when  Pennsylvania  and  the  "Lower 
Counties, ' '  or  Delaware,  were  still  united  he  be- 
came a  member  of  assembly,  in  which  he  was 
chairman  of  most  of  the  important  committees, 
and  in  1690  he  was  commissioned  a  judge  of  the 
provincial  supreme  court  of  the  two  provinces. 
In  1691  he  again  settled  in  Philadelphia.  He  was 
author  of  "The  Antiquity  of  the  Quakers"  (1677 
and  1679),  and  "An  Anti-Christian  Conspiracy." 
He  was  twice  married,  first  about  1655  in  Wrex- 
ham  to  Martha  Buttall,  and  after  her  death  a 
later  wife  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Rowden,  a  widow. 
He  headed  a  line  of  celebrated  colonial  physicians 
— Dr.  Edward  Jones,  a  son-in-law;  Dr.  Evan  Jones, 
a  grandson;  Dr.  John  Jones,  great-grandson,  and 
Dr.  Caspar  Wistar,  another  descendant.  His 
granddaughter  was  the  wife  of  John  Caldwalder, 
the  founder  of  that  family  in  America.  Judge 
Wynne  died  Mar.  1(5,  1692. 

SARGEANT,  William  Gaston,  singer,  was 
born  at  Meadville,  Pa-,  Aug.  10,  1881,  son  of 
William  Gaston  and  Jessie  (Benson)  Sargeant, 
and  a  descendant  of  William  Sargent  who  came 
from  England  in  1638  and  settled  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  being  made  a  freeman  of  Massa- 
chusetts Colony  in  1639 ;  from  him  and  his  wife 

Sarah — the     line     of     descent     is 

traced  through  their  son  John,  who  spelled  the 
surname  Sargeant,  and  his  third  wU'e  Lydia 
Chipman;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Eliza- 
beth Pratt;  their  son  Samuel,  a  soldier  in  the 
Continental  army;  his  son  Daniel  who  married 
Nancy  Burnett ;  their  son  Albert,  one  of  the 
most  famous  physicians  and  surgeons  of  his  day, 
who  married  Sarah  Eliza  Gaston,  and  was  the 
grandfather  of  our  subject.  William  Gaston 
Sargeant  was  educated  at  the  Meadville  High 
School,  and  at  eighteen  joined  the  1st  Massa- 
chusetts heavy  artillery,  the  first  regiment  leaving 
for  the  Spanish  war.  On  his  return  the  following 
year  he  took  a  position  with  the  U.  S.  Steel 
Trust,  but  finding  this  occupation  distasteful  and 
possessing  a  bass  voice  of  deep,  resounding 
power  and  unusual  beauty,  he  determined  to  go 
abroad  and  study  for  a  musical  career.  Before 
leaving,  however,  he  appeared  in  some  of  David 
Belasco 's  productions.  He  then  went  abroad  in 
1903,  and  was  accepted  as  a  pupil  at  the  Liege 
conservatory,  after  appearing  in  Bruges  in 
Legrand  Rowland's  opera  "Sarona"  with  distin- 
guished success.  The  leading  newspapers  thus 
commented  upon  his  work:  "Mr.  Sargeant  plays 
well  the  part  of  a  young  man  wearied  by  social 
life.  He  sings  very  beautifully  in  a  resonant,  flex- 


ible voice  of  pure  quality  and  great  range,  anil 
made  this  debut  of  a  foreign  opera  a  noteworthy 
event.  When  Mr.  Sargeant  has  studied  a  year 
or  two  here  he  will  be  a  great  artist,  and  is 
a  singer  of  very  exceptional  talent."  On  the 
completion  of  his  course  of  studies,  he  took  the 
first  prize  that  had  been  awarded  to  any  foreigner 
in  sixty-four  years.  Subsequently  he  did  concert 
work  in  Paris  and  took  lessons  from  the  famous 
French  bassos,  Fournetz  and  Plaucon.  In  Eng- 
land he  sang  at  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland 's 
concert,  at  the  family 's  historic  country  place 
Lillishall,  and  the  papers  spoke  of  "the"  pheno- 
menal bass  voice  of  one  of  the  finest  singers  of 
his  generation."  He  made  his  operatic  debut  at 
the  Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garden,  in  June,  1910, 
in  Gustav  Charpentier 's  masterpiece  "Louise.1' 
At  this  time  he  sang  in  four  languages  and  his 
repertoire  consisted  of  thirty-five  operas;  he  also 
created  many  new  roles  in  "Habanera,"  "Con- 
chita,"  "Girl  of  the  Golden  West"  and  others. 
Of  his  work,  a  paper  said:  "Mr.  Gaston  Sargeant 
an  American  singer,  with  a  voice  of  tremendous 
power  and  beautiful  quality  can  congratulate 
himself  on  having  made  a  distinct  success. ' '  In 
1910  he  joined  the  Beecham  Opera  Co.  for 
their  autumn  season  and  sang  in  the  first 
performances  in  London  of  the  Straus 
operas,  "Electra, "  "Salome,"  and  "Rosen- 
cavalier";  also  "Tiefland,"  "Contes  d 'Hoff- 
man," "Hamlet,"  "  Fidelio, "  and  Debussy's 
masterpiece,  ' '  Pelleas  and  Mclisande. ' '  Between 
the  autumn  season  with  Beecham  and  the  grand 
season  at  the  Covent  Garden,  Mr.  Sargeant 
toured  the  principal  towns  of  Great  Britain,  for 
two  successive  winters,  with  Ernest  Denhof's 
company,  which  gave  grand  opera  in  English, 
producing  Wagner's  "Ring"  for  the  first  time 
in  the  provinces.  During  his  career  he  sang 
these  works  in  three  languages.  In  1911,  many 
novelties  were  given  at  Covent  Garden,  including 
Humperdinck 's  "  Koenigskinder, "  in  which  Mr. 
Sargeant  did  the  interesting  character  of  the 
innkeeper;  his  record  for  this  season  was  twenty- 
one  different  roles.  In  October,  1913,  he  signed 
a  three  years  contract  with  Salignac  to  sing  at 
the  Municiple  Opera  in  Nice,  and  was  the  only 
American  to  do  so,  but  sang  there  one  season 
only,  as  the  declaration  of  war  cancelled  all 
operatic  contracts  in  France.  During  the  first 
year  of  the  European  war  he  served  as  interpreter 
in  a  private  hospial  for  Belgians  near  London, 
and  came  to  America  in  April,  1915.  His  initial 
appearance  in  his  own  country  was  in  concerts 
with  Melba,  in  Now  York  and  Washington,  and 
the  following  winter  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Opera  Co.  under  Campaniui.  His  domi- 
nant desire  was  to  become  a  soldier,  and  he  had 
already  offered  himself  to  the  Foreign  Legion 
abroad,  but  at  that  time  they  did  not  take 
Americans.  He  attended  all  the  drills  and  lec- 
tures in  New  York,  took  the  month 's  training 
at  Plattsburg,  was  made  a  corporal,  passed  all 
the  examinations  and  was  actually  "sworn  in" 
— when  he  was  smitten  with  the  first  attack  of 
the  illness  which  afterwards  proved  fatal.  With 
the  return  of  some  measure  of  strength  lie  en- 
deavored to  enter  the  interpreters'  corps,  to  get 
to  the  front,  but  failed  to  pass  the  physical 
examination.  He  was  an  accomplished  swordsman 
and  tennis  player,  was  very  fond  of  boxing,  and 
interested  in  clicss  and  bridge.  His  chief  charac- 
teristic was  his  intense  vitality.  He  possessed 
great  courage  and  determination,  a  never-failing 
sense  of  humor,  and  an  exceptional  sweetness  of 


164 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


disposition  His  memory  was  remarkable,  he 
loved  his  art,  and  found  in  it  a  source  of  end- 
less pleasure.  He  was  married  in  London,  Eng- 
land, in  February,  1915,  to  Mamie  Franklin,  daugh- 
ter of  William  J.  Jaffray,  of  New  York.  He  died 
at  St.  Augustine.  Fla.,  Mar.  2(1,  1918. 

MACLEAY,  Donald,  capitalist,  was  born  at 
"Leckmelm  House,"  near  Ullapool,  Boss-shire, 
Scotland,  Aug.  16,  1834,  son  of  Lachlan  and  Bar- 
bara (Monroe)  Macleay,  and  came  with  them  to 
America  in  1850,  settling  on  a  farm  near  Mel- 
bourne, Quebec,  Canada.  He  was  educated  by  a 
private  tutor  and  at  an  academy  near  Leckmelm. 
At  twenty  he  entered  into  a  partnership  with  George 
K.  Foster,  a  merchant  of  Richmond,  Quebec.  In 
1859  he  removed  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  later 
formed  a  partnership  in  the  wholesale  shipping 
and  commission  business  in  Portland,  Ore.,  with 
William  Corbitt,  under  the  style  of  Oorbitt  *:  Mar 
leay.  This  firm,  which  dealt  chiefly  in  wholesale 
grocery  trade,  within  a  few  years  had  an  estab- 
lished reputation  as  one  of  the  leading  mercantile 
institutions  of  the  Pacific  Northwest.  With  one 
exception  they  were  the  first  exporters  of  wheat 
from  Oregon  to  Europe,  sending  the  initial  cargo 
in  1870.  They  were  also  among  the  first  to  per- 
ceive the  future  of  the  salmon  trade  and,  in  1>7.">, 
in  association  with  J —  -  G.  Megler,  they  en- 
gaged in  the  packing  of  salmon  on  the  Columbia 
river  at  Brookfield  and  later  at  Astoria,  and  they 
were  the  pioneer  salmon  exporters  of  Oregon.  In 
1872  the  firm  began  an  extensive  trade  with  China, 
the  Orient,  Australia  and  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
purchasing  several  vessels  to  accommodate  their 
trade,  the  venture  proving  gratifyiugly  profitable. 
With  absolute  faith  in  the  future  of  his  adopted 
city  he  invested  his  surplus  earnings  in  Portland 
real  estate,  and  its  enormous  increase  in  value  in 
the  succeeding  years  alone  netted  him  a  splendid 
fortune.  For  years  he  was  local  president  of  the 
Oregon  &  Washington  Savings  Bank  of  Dundee, 
Scotland,  and  likewise  served  as  director  and  chair- 
man of  the  local  board  of  the  Dundee  Mortgage  & 
Trust  Investment  Co.  of  Scotland.  He  was  past 
vice-president  and  director  of  the  Oregon  &  Cali- 
fornia Railway  Co.;  director  in  the  Portland  & 
Coast  Steamship  Co.,  Portland  Telephone  &  Elec- 
tric Light  Co.,  Anglo-American  Packing  Co.,  Port- 
land Cordage  Co.,  North  Pacific  Industrial  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Salem  (Ore.)  Flouring  Mills  Co. 
He  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  organization  of 
the  United  States  National  Bank,  of  which  he  was 
president.  He  retired  from  mercantile  pursuits  in 
1892.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Portland  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  and  as  president  of  the  Portland 
Board  of  Trade  he  played  a  conspicuous  part  in 
inducing  the  U.  S.  Government  to  build  the  jetty 
system  at  the  Columbia  river  bar.  '  Throughout  his 
life  in  Portland  his  name  was  identified  with  nu- 
merous charitable,  philanthropic  and  religious  wel- 
fare movements.  He  was  a  director  in  the 
Mariners'  Home  of  Portland,  and  he  gave  to  the 
city  Maeleay  Park,  a  tract  of  107  acres,  as  an 
addition  to  the  park  system  of  the  city.  His 
religious  affiliation  was  with  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  was  active  in  the  society  work  of  his 
countrymen.  The  Clan  Macleay  was  named  for 
him,  and  he  was  president  of  both  the  St.  An- 
drew 's  Society  of  Portland  and  of  the  British 
Benevolent  Sosiety  of  Portland.  He  was  a 
founder,  charter  member  and  past  president  of  the 
Arlington  Club,  Portland.  He  found  his  chief  rec- 
reation in  horseback  riding  and  traveling.  In.  1880 
he  traveled  around  the  world.  The  recognition  of 
his  integrity,  of  his  rectitude  of  life,  of  his  ever- 


present  sense  of  justice  and  honor  was  universal. 
He  was  married  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Mar.  22, 
1869,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  John  Macculloch,  of 
Compton,  Canada;  she  died  in  1876.  There  are 
four  surviving  children:  Barbara  Martha,  widow 
of  W.  J.  Dudgeon  of  London,  England;  Edith 
Macculloch,  wife  of  Joseph  D.  Grant  of  San  Fran- 
cisco ;  Mabel  Isabel,  wife  of  Thomas  Kerr  of  Port- 
land, Ore.,  and  Roderick  Lachlan  Macleay  of  Port- 
land. He  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  July  26,  1897. 

WAGNEK,  Hugh  Kiernan,  lawyer  and  author, 
was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Sept.  29,  1870,  son 
of  Hugh  Kiernan  and  Mary  Ann  (Elliot)  Wagner. 
His  father  was  an  architect.  The  son  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Missouri,  in- 
cluding Central  High  School,  St.  Louis.  Much  of 
his  subsequent  education  was  largely  the  result  of 
self-effort.  At  sixteen  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway  Co.,  and  in  1892  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  in  St.  Louis,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  St.  Louis  in  1897.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  bar  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States.  He  has  practiced  in  St.  Louis,  and  through- 
out the  U.S.,  specializing  in  patent,  trade-mark 
and  copyright  cases,  and  the  law  of  municipal  cor- 
porations. During  1901-11  he  lectured  at  the 
Benton  College  of  Law  on  various  legal  subjects. 
He  was  special  counsel  for  the  city  of  St.  Louis 
to  revise  the  city  ordinances  and  prepare  the 
annotated  "Revised  Code  of  St.  Louis,  1914." 
He  is  author  of  "The  Relations  of  Session  and 
Trustees  of  Presbyterian  Churches"  (1906); 
"Mechanical  Equivalents"  (1910);  "Damages, 
Profits,  and  Accounting  in  Patent,  Trade-Mark, 
Unfair  Competition,  and  Copyright  Cases  "  (1919); 
of  an  article  in  "Bibliotheca  Sacra"  (Vol.  LXV, 
pp.  214-48)  ;  and  of  pamphlets  and  other  writings 
on  various  subjects.  He  is  past  member  (1912-14) 
of  the  patent,  trade-mark  and  copyright  committee 
of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  past  member 
(1910-14)  of  the  Missouri  council  of  that  organ- 
ization, while  since  1911  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  committee  on  municipal  legislation  of  the  Busi- 
ness Men's  League  of  St.  Louis,  now  the  St.  Louis 
Chamber  of  Commerce;  has  been  president  since 
1914  of  the  Safety  First  Society  of  St.  Louis;  was 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Fire 
Prevention  Club  of  St.  Louis;  is  a  member  of  the 
board  of  governors  of  the  Aero  Club  of  St.  Louis; 
life  member  of  the  Society  of  Authors,  Inc.,  Lon- 
don ;  representative  in  the  American  Publishers ' 
Copyright  League  of  Associated  Advertising  Clubs 
of  America,  and  member  also  of  the  Authors' 
League  of  America,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, and  of  the  St.  Louis,  Mercantile,  Press,  Glen 
Echo  Country,  Liederkranz,  Century  Boat,  and 
Automobile  clubs,  and  the  Missouri  Athletic  Asso- 
ciation, St.  Louis,  and  he  is  a  Shriner.  Since  1914 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Republican  state  committee  of  Missouri,  and 
chairman  of  its  finance  committee.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  automobiling.  His  dominant 
personal  characteristics  are  sincerity,  fidelity  and 
industry.  He  was  married  June  7,  1893,  to  Annette 
Elliott,  daughter  of  George  Forrester  Hill,  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  had  two  children :  Elliott  Goodwyn 
(deceased),  and  Paul  Brookes  Wagner. 

JOHNSTONE,  James  Hope  Stewart,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  July  4,  1861,  son 
of 'Christopher  and  Margaret  (Stewart)  Johnstone. 
For  many  years  his  father  was  general  manager  of 
the  Caledonian  railway,  and  the  boy  enjoyed  un- 
usual advantages  in  acquiring  an  education,  and 
a  personal  knowledge  of  the  arts  and  sports  of 
British  agriculture,  and  early  gained  first-hand 


DONALD  MACLEAY 

FINANCIER 


HUGH  K.  WAGXI-R 
LAWYER 


JAMES  H.  S.  JOHNSTONE 
JOURNALIST 


WILLIAM  H.  BANCROFT 
RAILROAD  OFFICIAL 


OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


165 


and  fundamental  knowledge  of  equine  affairs.     He    thoroughly    conversant    with    the    operating    and 
was  educated   in   an    English   boarding  school   on    other    departments    of    railroading     and    in    1884 
the  Thames,  at  Edinburgh,  and  at  Merchiston  Cas-    was  appointed  receiver  of  the  Rio  Grande  West- 
tie  School,   Edinburgh.     In   1878   he  came  to  the    ern    Railroad    Co.,   continuing   two   years   in    that 
Imted   States  and   engaged   in   farming   in   Iowa    relation,   and   during   the   ensuing   four   years   he 
tor  a   short  time,  after  which   he  became  a  draft-    was    general    superintendent     of     that     road       In 
horse  salesman.     His  literary  gifts  first  found  ex-    1890   he  entered  the  service  of  the  Union   Pacific 
pression   through    "The    Fanners'   Review",   and    Railroad    Co.    as    general    superintendent    of    the 
later  he  became  editor  of  the"  Wisconsin  Farmer  ",    mountain    division.      In    1897    he    was    made    vice- 
at   Madison.     For   eight  years   he   was   managing   president,    and    general    manager    of    the    Oregon 
editor    of    the    "  Horseman  ",  a    trotting    horse    Short   Line    Railroad   Co.     Later,   in   addition"  to 
paper  then  published  in  Chicago.     The  blood  lines    this  position,  lie  became  general  manager  of  the 
and  records  of  the  runners  and   trotters  were  as    Southern    Pacific    Railroad    Co. 's    lines     east    of 
familiar  to  him  as  were  the  pedigrees  and  prize    Sparks,     Nev. ;     first    vice-president    of    the    San 
winnings  of  the   draft  and  coach   breeds.     After    Pedro,   Los   Angeles   &    Salt    Lake    Railroad    Co., 
leaving  the  "Horseman",  he  joined  the  editorial    and    president    of   the   Utah   Light    and    Railwnv 
staff  of  the  "  Breeders'  Gazette  ",  having  charge    Co.    and    the    Pacific    Fruit    Express    Co.      From 
of  its  horse  department,  where  he  had  the  oppor-    January  to   April,    1904,   he  served   as   first   vice- 
tunity  to  come  into  closer  touch  with  farm  horse    president    and    general    manager    of    the    Union 
breeding  in  this  country  than  ever  before  and  the   Pacific    Railroad    Co.,    and    in    November    of    the 
range   of   his   information   was   remarkable.      His   same  year   he   was   appointed   first   vice-president 
unique  memory,  no  less  than  the  keenness  of  his   and    general    manager    of    the    Southern    Pacific 
intellect  gave  him  rare  equipments  for  such  work,    Railroad  Co.     Subsequently  he  resigned  to  devote 
and    his   information   was    also    broad   as   to    the   his    entire    attention    to    the    Harriman    interests, 
breeds  of  live  stock.    As  the  author  of  the  "  Horse    ID  connection  with  his  railroad  activities  he   dis- 
Book"   Mr.  Johnstone  made  an   essentially  help-    played  an  unfailing  perseverance  in  the  develop- 
ful    contribution    to    horse   breeding   of   a   monu-    ment   of   farming   lands   by   irrigation.      He   was 
mental  character,  the  book  being  used  as  a  text   a  thirty-third   degree   Mason,   a  member   of   vari- 
book  in  all  agricultural  colleges.    Another  distinct   olls   railway   and   transportation   associations   and 
service  which  he  rendered  horse  breeding  was  the   societies,  and  of  the  Alta  and  Commercial  clubs, 
introduction  of  the  capsule  method  of  artificial  im-    Salt    Lake    City.      His    political    affiliation    was 
pregnation.       He    resigned    his    position    on    the   with   the   Republican   party.     He  found   his  chief 
"  Breeders' Gazette  "  to  accept  the  editorial  man-    recreation  in   hunting  and   fishing.      He   was   one 
agement  of  a  new  farm  and  stock  journal  in  Can-    °^    the    most    genuine    of    men,    with    a    capacity 
ada,   but  after   a   comparatively   short   experience    ^or    friendship    that    made    association    with    him 
there,  returned  to  the  states  and  assumed  an  edi-    a  raro  an'l  unforgettable   thing.     In  the   railway 
torial  position  on  "The  Daily  Live  Stock  World"   service  men  were  instinctively  drawn  to   him  be- 
at the  Chicago  stockyards.     The  futurities,  now  so    cause  of  his  genuineness  and  the  largeness  of  his 
popular    in    draft    horse,    cwine    and    beef    cattle    affections.       He    was    married    at    Port     Jervis, 
breeding,  were  peculiarly  the  off-spring  of  his  in-    N-   Y->   June    1,    1864,    to    Mary   I.,    daughter   of 
cessant  mental  activity  exerted  toward  the  better-    Benjamin    Vail    Baird,    a    manufacturer    of    Port 
ment  of  stock  breeding.     In  Iftll  the  French  gov-    Jervis,    N.    Y. ;    she    died    in    1913.      He    is    sur- 
ernment  bestowed  on  him  the  certificate  Merite  Ag-    Tivet^     t>Y    two     daughters,    by    adoption:     Marie 
ricola,  with  the  Cross  of  Honor,  a  recognition  which    and  Adelaide.     He  died  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah, 
he   cherished   highly.      In   1915   he   started   "The    APr-  22>  1915-     (Portrait  opposite  page  164.) 
Short  Horn  World,""  which  was  later  published  in        McLAUGHLIN,   William   F.,   merchant,  was 
Chicago.    As  an  editor  he  was  punctilious,  a  purist   born  at  Clonnybacon  House,  Queen  's  county,  Ire- 
in  words,  a  stickler  for  style;   he  was  a  literary    land'  9et-  4'   1827>  son  of  Peter  anci  Anna  Mc- 
genius  and  altogether  unique.     He  was  twice  mar-    Laughlin.     He  was  educated  by  private  tutors  and 
ried:     (1)   in  1883,  to  Agnes,  daughter  of  David   at  Carlow  College.     The  life  of  a  country  gentle- 
Acheson,  of  Iowa,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter,    man  did  not  appeal  to  his  venturesome  spirit,  and 
Wanda    Stewart    Johnstone,    now    deceased;     (2),    in  his  early  manhood  he  determined  to  seek  his 
Nov.   24,   1892,  to  Frances  L.,  daughter  of  John    Destiny  in  America.    Accordingly  in  1850  he  came 
K.  Fuller,  of  Madison,  Wis.     He  died  in  Chicago,    to  the  United  States  and  settled  in.  Chicago,  111. 
111.,  Nov.  24,  1916.  Securing    a    position    in    a    retail    grocery    store, 

BANCROFT,  William  Hazard,  railway  offi-  he  remained  long  enough  to  study  conditions  and 
cial,  was  born  at  Chagrin  Falls.  O.,  Oct.  20,  learn  something  of  American  business  methods  and 
1840.  son  of  Samuel  O.  and  Mary  (Brace)  Ban-  customs,  and  then  commenced  business  for  him- 
croft.  His  father  was  a  miller.  He  was  edu-  self-  After  a  year  spent  in  travel  and  study  in 
cated  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  sixteen  he  Europe,  in  1862,  he  established  the  wholesale  coffee 
entered  the  railway  service  as  messenger  for  the  house  of  W.  F.  MeLaughlin  &  Co.,  to  which  he 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  Co.  was  to  devote  the  rest  of  his  life.  From  a  small 
(now  New  York  Central  lines).  He  became  an  beginning  the  business  grew  by  his  efforts  alone 
expert  telegraph  operator  and  was  later  ap-  to  be  the  second  largest  firm  of  its  kind  in  the 
pointed  division  train  dispatcher,  with  headquar-  world,  with  mills  and  warehouses  in  Chicago  and 
ters  at  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  train  branches  in  the  principal  coffee  growing  countries, 
dispatcher  in  the  service  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  The  great  pride  with  which  his  descendants  prize 
Railroad  Co.  (now  Union  Pacific),  after  which  his  record  is  not  based  on  his  financial  success 
he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  alone,  but  on  the  highly  honorable  manner  in 
&  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co.  as  assistant  superin-  which  this  success  was  achieved.  His  mighty 
tendent.  Subsequently  he  was  made  chief  train  courage  and  will,  his  high-minded  conception  of 
dispatcher  of  the  "Katy"  system.  He  next  be-  a  man's  duty  in  his  domestic  as  in  his  business 
came  a  division  superintendent  on  the  Denver  &  life,  and  his  quiet  and  unswerving  allegiance  to 
Eio  Grande  railroad,  serving  on  nearly  every  his  principles  at  whatever  cost  were  dominant 
division  in  that  capacity.  By  this  time  he  was  traits  of  his  character.  When  the  great  Chicago 


166 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


fire  wiped  out  more  than  half  his  capital,  no  one 
in  the  ruined  city  went  more  quietly  and  cheer- 
fully to  work  to  build  up  again  his  injured 
fortune,  and  few  succeeded  better.  Mr.  McLaugh- 
lin  was  married  in  1854  to  Mary  Delanty, 
of  Chicago,  111.,  and  left  four  daughters, 
Mary  Anna,  a  religious  of  the  order  of  the  Sacred 
Heart':  Mrs.  Martin  D.  Hardin,  and  Mrs.  Charles 
A.  Mair;  and  three  sons,  George  D. ;  Robert;  and 
Frederic.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Feb.  1,  1005. 

COLEMAN,  William,  jurist,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  about  1705,  his  parents  having  been 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Philadelphia  in  1683. 
He  became  a  merchant,  and  in  1731  was  one  of  the 
young  friends  of  Benjamin  Franklin  who  joined 
him  Fn  organizing  the  "Junto"  for  literary  pur- 
poses, and  thereby  aided  in  founding  the  oldest 
circulating  library  in  America.  Franklin  speaks 
more  highly  of  h'im  that  of  any  of  his  comrades, 
describing  '  him  as  "a  merchant 's  clerk,  about 
my  age,  who  had  the  coolest,  clearest  head,  the 
best  heart,  and  the  exactest  morals  of  almost  any 
man  1  ever  met  with.  .  .  .Our  friendship  con- 
tinued without  interruption  to  his  death,  up- 
wards of  forty  years;  and  the  club  (Junto")  con- 
tinued almost  as  long,  and  was  the  best  school  of 
philosophy,  morality  and  politics  that  then  existed 
in  the  province."  'Franklin  made  him  one  of  the 
original  trustees  of  the  College  and  Academy  of 
PhUadelphia  in  1749,  and  treasurer  as  well  as 
clerk.  During  the  same  year  he  was  a  member  of 
the  justices  court  of  Philadelphia,  under  com- 
mission of  June  3rd.  On  April  8,  1758,  he  was 
called  to  the  supreme  bench  of  the  colony,  and 
served  with  great  satisfaction  to  all  until  his  death. 
Judge  Coleman  was  an  unusual  student  all  his 
life,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  of  which  he  was  the  first 
treasurer  and  was  one  of  the  most  active  leaders 
in  the  Philadelphia  Library  Company  above  re- 
ferred to,  for  over  thirty  years.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  11,'  1769. 

YOUNG,  John  Alexander,  soldier  and  banker, 
was  born  in  Rush  county,  Ind.,  July  29,  1838,  son 
of  James  Newton  and  Sallie  Ann  (Eyestone) 
Young.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  C'apt.  Thomas  Young,  who  came  from  London, 
England,  in  1634,  and  settled  eventually  in  James 
City  county,  Va.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  James,  his  son  James,  his 
son  James,  his  son  Thomas,  his  son  Thomas  Kent 
and  the  latter 's  wife,  Ann  Potter,  and  their  son 
Alexander,  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Rickets,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  John  Alexander  Young. 
His  father  was  a  teacher  and  farmer,  and  also 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Ion  a  state  assembly. 
He  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  sub- 
scription and  district  schools  of  Washington  co., 
la.,  and  for  three  years  attended  Iowa  Wesleyan 
University,  Mount  Pleasant.  He  taught  school 
during  1857-61,  studying  law  in  the  meantime. 
In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  25th  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry,  and  was  elected  second  lieu- 
tenant before  leaving  the  state.  He  was  promoted 
first  lieutenant  in  1863,  and  captain  in  1864,  which 
rank  he  held  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  at  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkan- 
sas Post,  Jackson,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Lookout 
Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  the  campaigns  in 
Georgia  and  the  Carolines;  was  wounded  at 
Arkansas  Post,  again  at  Ringgold,  Ga.,  and  was 
severely  wounded  at  Resaca,  Ga.  He  participated 
in  the  Grand  Review,  and  was  mustered  out  at 
Davenport,  la.,  in  June,  1865.  After  the  war  he 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  mainly  until  1871, 


when  he  was  elected  auditor  of  Washington  county, 
serving  two  years.  In  1S73  he  became  assistant 
cashier  of  the  Washington  (la.)  National  Bank, 
and  cashier  in  1878,  continuing  in  that  capacity 
until  1910,  when  he  retired  because  of  impaired 
health.  He  remained  a  director  of  the  institu- 
tion however,  and  in  1914  was  elected  its  presi- 
dent, which  position  he  still  holds.  Prior  to  be- 
coming county  auditor  he  held  numerous  town- 
ship offices,  and  E3rved  as  county  commissioner. 
He  was  mayor  of  Washington  in  1879-80,  and  he 
served  as  representative  from  the  tenth  senatorial 
district  of  Iowa  in  1902,  1904  and  1906.  He  was 
president  of  the  Iowa  Chattanooga  Monument 
Commission  in  1902-06,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Iowa,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  and  the  Commercial  Club,  Washington, 
la.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  republi- 
can party,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church.  He  finds  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  fishing.  By  his  long  residence  in  Wash- 
ington county  aad  his  active  business  life  he  has 
a  wide  acquaintance  over  the  state,  and  no  one  in 
that  part  of  Iowa  is  more  generally  known,  more 
fully  trusted  and  more  highly  respected  than  he. 
C'apt.  Young  was  married  in  Cedar  twp.  Wash- 
ington co.,  la.,  Oct.  4,  1860,  to  Elizabeth  Ann, 
daughter  of  Micajah  D.  Runyan,  a  pioneer  set- 
tler of  Jefferson  county,  O.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren: Ella  Annette,  wife  of  Arthur  Wright  Hall, 
of  Colfax,  la.,  and  Harvey  Simpson  Young. 

FEUGUSON,  Homer  Lenoir,  engineer  and 
president  of  the  Newport  News  Shipbuilding  & 
Dry  Dock  Co.,  was  born  in  Haywood  county, 
N.  C.,  Mar.  6,  1873,  son  of  "William  Bur- 
der  and  Laura  Adelaide  (Reeves)  Ferguson; 
grandson  of  William  and  Ruth  (Gibson)  Fer- 
guson; and  great-grandson  of  William  Fer- 
guson, who  came  from  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1801, 
and  settled  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  in 
1892,  and  then  took  a  course  in  naval  architecture 
and  engineering  at  Glasgow  University,  where  he 
was  graduated  B.S.  in  1S94.  While  in  Scotland  he 
gained  some  practical  experience  in  the  shipbuild- 
ing establishments  of  the  Clyde.  After  his  return 
to  the  United  States  in  1895  he  was  commissioned 
assistant  naval  constructor,  U.S.N.,  and  assigned 
to  duty  at  the  Columbian  Iron  Works,  Baltimore, 
to  supervise  the  construction  of  vessels  for  the 
U.  S.  Navy.  A  year  later  he  was  assigned  in 
an  advisory  capacity  to  the  establishment  of 
Wolff  &  Zwicker  at  Portland,  Ore.,  where  he 
remained  for  two  and  a  half  years.  He  then  spent 
a  year  and  a  half  in  the  navy  yard  at  Bremerton, 
Wash.,  and  a  year  as  superintending  constructor 
at  the  Bath  (Me.)  Iron  Works,  after  which  he 
was  for  two  years  assistant  to  the  superintending 
constructor,  U.S.N.,  at  the  Newport  News  ship- 
yards. After  a  year  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  duty 
at  the  bureau  of  construction  and  repair,  he  re- 
signed from  the  naval  service  in  1905  to  become 
superintendent  of  hull  construction  at  the  New- 
port News  Shipbuilding  &  Dry  Dock  Co.,  of  New- 
port News,  Va.,  where  he  was  promoted  successively 
to  general  superintendent  of  hull  construction, 
general  superintendent  of  construction  and  general 
manager.  In  1914  he  was  elected  vice-president 
and  general  manager,  and  in  1915  president  and 
general  manager,  succeeding  Albert  L.  Hopkins, 
who  lost  his  life  in  the  Lusitania  disaster.  The 
Newport  News  Shipbuilding  &  Dry  Dock  Co.  was 
founded  by  Collis  P.  Huntington  (q.v.)  as  the 
finishing  to'uch  to  his  plan  for  a  great  sea  terminus 
of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  railroad  system  and  in 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


167 


response  directly  to  the  need  for  an  adequate  dry 
dock  in  which  to  berth  and  repair  the  ships  that 
came  there  to  load.  The  yards  were  started  in 
1886  and  the  first  ship  was  constructed  there  in 
1890.  Since  then  the  company  has  built  about  200 
ships  of  all  classes,  battleships  and  large  passenger 
and  freight  ships.  The  plant  covers  125  acres 
on  the  James  river;  has  direct  trackage  with  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  railway  and  is  traversed 
throughout  by  an  internal  railway  system  of 
standard  gauge,  as  well  as  by  large  electric  and 
steam  traveling  cranes,  capable  of  handling  the 
heaviest  of  castings  and  machinery.  The  handling 
system  is  such  that  material  entering  the  yard  at 
one  point  rarely  departs  from  a  direct  journey 
to  its  intended  place  in  the  ultimate  ship.  It  has 
forty-two  buildings,  in  which  are  some  of  the 
most  ponderous  machines  to  be  found  in  the  coun- 
try— lathes,  planers,  steam  hammers,  drop  ham- 
mers, boring  mills,  drill  presses  and  every  conceiv- 
able kind  of  device  for  making  modern  engines, 
hulls  and  power  plants.  There  are  boiler  shops, 
foundries,  forge  shops,  bending  and  shaping  floors, 
bending  rolls,  and  immense  punching  and  cutting 
machines  that  punch  large  holes  through  or  shear 
off  edges  of  cold  plates  an  inch  thick,  with  the 
same  ease  with  which  one  punctures  or  clips  a 
sheet  of  paper  with  an  office  device.  Even  the 
most  delicate  parts  of  a  modern  turbine  are  con- 
structed there.  There  are  carpenter  shops,  paint 
shops,  drafting  rooms,  electric  laboratories,  and 
even  chemical  departments.  The  power  plant  of 
the  establishmeat,  employing  a  battery  of  nine 
huge  Scotch-type  marine  boilers  working  at  160 
pounds  pressure,  produces  through  modern  en- 
gines about  6,000  horse-power,  to  which  is  added 
about  6500  horse-power  electrical  equipment.  This 
is  transmitted  to  every  portion  of  the  yard  for  use 
in  the  machines — by  electric  motors,  steam  engines 
and  hammers,  and  a  variety  of  hydraulic  and  pneu- 
matic appliances.  Every  corner  of  the  yard 
has  its  supply  of  power  available.  Artisans 
of  thirty-five  to  forty  trades  are  required  on  the 
various  processes  necessary  to  the  construc- 
tion of  a  modern  ship.  The  raw  material  used  by 
the  plant  each  year  includes  about  40,000  tons  of 
structural  steel ;  4,000  tons  of  iron,  steel  and  cop- 
per castings;  35,000  tons  of  coal;  900,000  gallons 
of  fuel  oil,  and  8,000,000  feet  of  lumber.  The 
Newport  News  yards  have  eleven  large  shipways  on 
which  vessels  may  be  under  construction  at  one 
time.  They  can  accommodate  every  size  and  ca- 
pacity of  vessel,  ranging  from  the  smallest  to  the 
largest  ships  afloat.  Repair  work  has  been  a  large 
and  profitable  part  of  the  activity  of  the  Newport 
News  yards.  During  its  career  the  company  has 
handled  more  than  4,000  vessels  in  its  dry  docks 
alone  and  has  repaired  as  many  as  500  in  a  single 
year.  There  are  seven  repair  piers,  one  of  them 
being  equipped  with  a  giant  electric  crane 
which  can  lift  150  tons,  and  all  connected 
with  the  railroad,  both  inside  and  outside 
the  yards.  The  company  owns  three  immense 
dry  docks,  the  largest  of  which  measures 
861  by  162  feet,  with  thirty  feet  depth  of 
water  over  all.  A  notable  feature  of  the  com- 
pany 's  methods,  and  one  for  which  Mr.  Ferguson 
is  especially  responsible,  is  the  efficient  manner  in 
which  it  handles  its  labor  problem.  About  45  per 
cent,  of  its  employes  are  colored,  and  it  has  proved 
the  fallacy  of  the  prevailing  ideas  on  negro  labor 
by  develpoing  many  of  them  into  skilled  mechanics 
capable  of  doing  as  good  work  as  that  done  in  the 
best  European  shipyards.  At  the  same  time  it  has 
gone  beyond  most  employers  in  providing  for  the 


comfort  and  well  being  of  its  employees.  It  has 
voluntarily  reduced  the  weekly  hours  of  labor  to 
fifty  hours  on  private  work  and  forty-eight  hours 
on  government  work,  and  despite  the  cheapness  of 
negro  labor  in  Virginia  the  averagr  wagr  in  the 
plant  is  about  $25  a  week.  It  has  started  a  col- 
ored Young  Men 's  Christian  Association  and  or- 
ganized night  schools  where  both  whites  and  ne- 
groes, in  separate  departments,  are  given  an  op- 
portunity for  free  education.  Furthermore,  it 
has  voluntarily  established  a  pension  fund,  known 
as  a  "retirement  allowance,"  by  the  terms  of 
which  the  company  sets  aside  a  certain  proportion 
of  its  payroll  to  such  effect  as  to  permit  the  re- 
tirement, optionally  at  sixty  and  compulsory  at 
seventy,  of  every  employe  who  has  served  the 
company  for  thirty  years  continuously.  The  com- 
pany has  also  met  with  much  success  in  encourag- 
ing its  help  to  open  and  maintain  savings  bank 
accounts.  Much  of  the  credit  for  these  enlight- 
ened measures  is  due  to  Mr.  Ferguson,  to  whom 
too  is  largely  due  the  technical  efficiency  which  has 
placed  the  plant  among  the  best  in  the  world.  His 
engaging  personality  has  made  him  very  popular 
in  shipping  circles,  and  is  not  the  least  of  the 
factors  which  have  attracted  such  an  immense 
amount  of  business  to  the  Newport  News  yards. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  the 
B.P.O.  Elks  and  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the  En- 
gineers' Club  of  New  York,  the  Society  of  Naval 
Engineers,  the  Society  of  Naval  Architects  and 
Marine  Engineers,  the  Army  and  Navy  clubs  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  New  York  city,  and  the 
Ragged  Island  Gunning  Association  of  Back  Bay, 
Va.  Mr.  Ferguson  was  married  Sept.  23,  1896, 
to  Eliza  Anderson,  daughter  of  Thomas  Catlett 
Skinner  of  Kentucky,  and  their  children  are: 
Homer  Lenoir,  Jr.,  Charles  Anderson,  William 
McLeod,  Walter  Post,  Laura  Isabel  and  Elise 
Ferguson. 

MERRILL,  Alfred  Ellsworth,  merchant,  was 
born  at  Maidstone,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  May  28,  1845, 
eon  of  Samusl  Day  and  Louisa  (Heath)  Merrill. 
His  great-grandfather,  John  Merrill,  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  revolutionary  war  and  in  the  war  of 
1812;  his  grandfather.  Joseph  Merrill,  was  in 
the  war  of  1812.  Alfred  E.  Merrill  received  his 
early  education  in  the  district  schools  of  Ver- 
mont. In  1855  his  father  moved  his  family  to 
Wisconsin,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  near 
Portage  City,  and  the  son  later  attended  Lawrence 
University.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  lumber  firm  of  George  B.  Burch 
&  Co.  at  Necedah,  Wis.,  his  business  talent  and 
attention  to  detail  soon  gaining  for  him  a  part- 
nership in  that,  firm,  which  owned  sawmills  and 
extensive  pine  tracts  on  the  tributaries  of  the 
Wisconsin  river.  Developed  and  equipped  by  this 
training  and  experience,  in  1884  he  removed  to 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  and  loan  business.  He  soon  became  iden- 
tified with  many  of  the  substantial  business  en- 
terprises of  the  city,  and  with  civic  affairs. 
In  1899  he  became  a  member  of  the  city  council 
as  representative  of  the  Fourth  ward,  and  held 
this  position  for  ten  years,  serving  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means  and  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  water  works  and 
health  and  hospitals,  and  president  of  the  council. 
To  his  initiative  was  due  the  appointment  of  the 
first  pure  water  commission.  He  had  a  large  part 
in  securing  for  Minneapolis  a  complete  and  effi- 
cient pumping  station  and  distributive  mains  as 
part  of  the  water  system,  an  effective  garbage 
crematory  plant,  and  a  modern  quarantine  hospi- 


lf!8 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


tal.  He  introduced  the  ordinance  establishing  a 
comprehensive  system  of  municipal  accounting 
and  to  the  great  profit  of  the  city  he  continually 
applied  to  the  conduct  of  its  finances  the  same 
accuracy  and  care  that  his  business  training  had 
led  him  to  give  private  matters.  His  compre- 
hension  of  public  questions  was  clear  and  keen 
and  his  example  of  fearless,  vigorous,  unselfish, 
upright  discharge  of  public  duty  served  as  an 
inspiration  to  his  fellow-citizens.  He  was  a  man 
of  balanced  temper,  genial  disposition  and  quiet 
generosity;  he  was  guided  by  strong  convictions 
and  high  ideals  and  his  character  and  personality 
made  a  strong  impress  on  the  community.  He 
was  married,  June  30,  1869,  to  Jane  Summerside, 
daughter  of  George  Summerside,  of  Necedah, 
Wis.,  and  had  three  children:  Nellie  Louise,  Roy 
Willard,  and  Guy  Summerside  Merrill.  He  died  in 
Minneapolis,  April  10,  1909. 

EVANS,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Cliester 
county,  Pa.,  in  1728,  son  of  John  and  Jane 
(Howell)  Evans  of  Welsh  descent.  His  father 
was  a  large  landowner  in  both  Pennsylvania  and 
Delaware.  Young  Evans  was  given  a  classical 
education  and  before  reaching  his  majority  began 
the  study  of  law.  In  1749  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Chester  county,  and  being  a  wealthy 
man  and  one  of  the  biggest  slave-owners  in  the 
county,  was  soon  one  of  her  first  citizens.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  first  in  Chester  county  to 
lead  in  the  movements  culminating  in  the  revolu- 
tion  and  was  one  of  the  local  committee  of 
safety.  TTpon  the  organization  of  the  state  gov- 
eminent  under  the  constitution  of  1776,  he  was 
made  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania  on  Aug.  16,  1777  and  was  elected 
to  the  council  of  censors,  serving  with  distinction 
In  both  positions.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
executive  conucil  in  1777,  but  resigned  that  post 
when  he  became  a  member  of  the  supreme  bench, 
His  service  on  that  bench  for  six  years  and  his 
character  generally  were  so  highly  regarded  that 
Dr.  Rush  is  reported  to  have  said  of  him  that  he 
belonged  to  "the  republic  of  humanity"  and  was 
'  '  a  friend  of  all  mankind.  '  '  A  striking  list  of 
fatalities  in  his  own  family,  which  left  him  alone 
save  for  one  daughter,  no  doubt  hastened  his  own 
death,  whch  occurred  on  Dec.  11,  1783. 

MORTON,  Joy,  merchant,  was  born  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  Sept.  27,  1855,  son  of  Julius  Sterling  and 
Caroline  (Joy)  Morton,  and  a  descendant  of 
Richard  Morton,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to 
this  country  on  the  ship  Little  Ann,  the  first  ship 
after  the  Mayflower,  and  settled  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.  His  father  (q.v.)  was  secretary  of  agricul- 
ture  during  the  second  Cleveland  administration 
and  wag  the  originator  of  Arbor  Day.  The  son 
was  educated  chiefly  at  Talbot  Hall,  an  Episcopal 
boarding  school  near  Nebraska  City.  Before  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Mer- 
chants'  National  Bank,  Nebraska  City,  where  he 
remained  five  years,  passing  through  the  various 
grades  to  the  position  of  teller,  and  ultimately 
acquiring  a  financial  interest  in  the  institution  of 
which  he  was  for  many  years  a  director.  His 
initial  railroad  experience  was  as  a  clerk  in  the 
treasurer  's  office  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
Railroad  Co.,  at  Omaha,  Neb.  (1877).  Two  years 
later  he  became  supply  agent  at  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Co.  at  Aurora,  111., 
but  retained  the  position  but  a  brief  period,  re- 
signing  to  engage  in  the  salt  business  in  Chicago 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  I.  Wheeler  &  Co. 
After  Mr.  Wheeler's  death,  in  1885,  Mr.  Morton 
secured  control  and  the  business  was  reorgan- 


ized  as  Joy  Morton  &  Co.    In  1910  it  was  ineor- 

porated  as  the  Morton  Salt  Co.,  and  under  the 
presidency  of  Mr.  Morton  it  has  grown  to  be  the 
largest  and  most  important  concern  connected  with 
the  industry  in  America.  The  business  from  which 
it  evolved  was  founded  originally  in  Chicago  in 
1848  upon  the  opening  of  the  Illinois  and  Michi- 
gan  canal.  It  operates  factories  at  Hutchinson, 
Kan.,  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  and  Ludington,  Mich. 
The  modern  process  of  salt-making  as  followed  in 
the  Morton  company's  plants  is  as  follows:  The 
brine  when  pumped  from  the  wells  is  delivered 
into  a  series  of  settling  tanks  or  vats,  where  all 
the  insoluble  matter  held  in  suspension  settles  to 
the  bottom,  and  thence  into  a  second  series  of 
tanks,  where  any  impurities  that  may  be  held  in 
solution  are  removed  by  the  application  of  the 
proper  reagents.  From  this  point  two  processes 
are  used  to  separate  the  salt  from  the  water,  called 
the  "graiuer"  and  the  "vacuum  pan"  process.  The 
brine  is  heated  in,  the  graiuer,  or  long  trough  of 
steel  or  wood,  by  means  of  steam  pipes  running 
lengthwise  and  suspended  a  few  inches  from  the 
bottom.  As  the  water  evaporates,  the  saturation 
increases  and  crystals  of  salt  form  on  the  surface 
of  the  brine,  sink  to  the  bottom  of  the  grainer, 
and  are  removed  to  a  drain  board  at  one  end  by  an 
automatic  rake  traveling  slowly  from  end  to  end, 
and  the  wet  salt  is  carried  to  the  warehouse  on 
belt  conveyors  for  storing  and  curing.  By  the 
vacuum  pan  method,  which  has  long  been  used  by 
sugar  manufacturers,  although  but  recently  em- 
ployed  in  the  salt  industry,  the  pure  brine  from  the 
settling  tanks  is  heated  in  a  vacuum)  pan  —  a  large 
circular  cast-iron  vessel,  sixty  to  eighty  feet,  high, 
consisting  of  two  cones  set  base  to  base  on  a  short 
cylindrical  section,  and  similar  in  appearance  to 
the  can-buoys  in  the  harbors  of  the  United  States. 
A  partial  vacuum  is  created,  while  at  the  same 
time  steam  is  introduced  and  the  resulting  vapor 
drawn  off,  leaving  the  salt  crystals  in  the  bottom 
cone,  whirh  are  carried  away  by  a  bucket  elevator. 
After  being  allowed  time  for  curing,  the  salt  is 
packed  in  barrels  or  sacks  or  stored  in  a  ware- 
house  in  bulk  to  be  shipped  away  as  ordered.  The 
best  grades  of  salt  for  table  use  are  thoroughly 
re-dried  in  a  steam-heated  cylinder,  from  which  it 
is  carried  by  elevators  to  the  packing  rooms,  where 
it  is  screened,  graded,  weighed,  packed  in  bags  or 
cartons,  all  by  automatic  machinery.  The  Morton 
Salt  Co.  no;  only  markets  upward  of  600,000  tons 
of  this  evaporated  salt  per  annum,  but  also  dis- 
tributes  over  400,000  tons  of  rock  salt,  which  it 
procures  from  salt  mines  in  the  states  of  New 
York,  Michigan,  Kansas  and  Louisiana.  Some  idea 
of  the  immensity  of  this  industry  may  be  gained 
from  the  fact  that  the  Morton  Salt  Co.  produces 
more  than  10,000  barrels  of  280  Ibs.  each  of  salt 
per  day;  it  owns  huge  storage  houses  on  the  water 
front  at  Chicago,  111.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and 
Superior,  Wis.,  each  dock  being  equipped  with  a 
modern  cooper  shop  for  making  its  barrels  for  ship- 
ment,  and  in  its  three  factories  and  offices  employs 
more  than  one  thousand  people.  The  original  and 
present  officers  of  the  Morton  Salt  Co.  are:  Joy 
Morton,  president;  Mark  Morton,  vice-president; 
Sterling  Morton,  secretary,  and  Daniel  Peterkin, 
treasurer.  In  addition  to  his  salt  interests  Mr. 
Morton  is  a  director  of  the  Continental  &  Corn- 
mercial  National  Bank,  the  largest  financial  in- 
stitution  in  Chicago;  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad 
Co.;  Western  Cold  Storage  Co.;  American 
Hominy  Co.  ;  and  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society 
of  New  York.  Ho  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  the 
management  of  his  extensive  estate,  "Thornhill," 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


169 


at  Lisle,  Du  Page  co,  111.,  comprising  1,200  acres. 
The  farmhouse,  a  mansion  of  the  Tudor  style  of 
architecture,  is  situated  on  the  highest  point  of 
the  great  estate  arid  is  beautifully  artistic  and 
impressive.  The  homes  of  the  employees,  barns 
and  various  other  buildings  are  of  stone  and  con- 
crete. The  farm  is  heavily  stocked  with  Holstein 
cattle,  Dorset  sheep,  Duroe  and  Yorkshire  swine, 
which  are  kept  scrupulously  clean  by  the  most 
modern  appliances.  In  his  farming  Mr.  Morton 
has  followed  the  Illinois  system  of  soil  treatment 
advocated  by  the  University  of  Illinois,  and  with 
experts  from  other  universities  conducts  the  enter- 
prise on  scientific  and  business  principles.  Accurate 
accounts  are  kept,  SO  that  the  cost  of  different 
products  may  be  fully  ascertained,  and  it  is  his  aim 
to  manage  his  farm  on  a  sound  commercial  basis. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society, 
and  of  the  Chicago,  Commercial,  Chicago  Golf  and 
Caxton  clubs  of  Chicago,  and  of  the  Lawyers '  Club 
of  New  York.  He  was  married  at  Omaha,  Neb., 
Sept.  23,  1880,  to  Carrie,  daughter  of  George 
Baker  Lake  (q.v.),  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Nebraska.  She  died  in  1915  and  he  was 
married  the  second  time,  in  1917,  to  Margaret, 
daughter  of  James  Gray,  of  Newburg,  Ind.  He 
has  two  children:  Jean,  wife  of  Joseph  M.  C'udahy, 
and  Sterling  Morton,  mentioned  above. 

SYMMES,  Frank  Jameson,  banker  and  cap- 
italist, was  born  at  Kingston,  Mass.,  June  7, 
1847,  son  of  William  and  Caroline  Hannah 
(Jameson)  Symmes.  He  received  his  preliminary 
education  at  Partridge  Academy,  Duxbury, 
Mass.;  attended  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School 
of  Harvard  University  receiving  the  degree 
of  S.  B.  in  1S67,  and  the  following  year  was  a 
special  graduate  of  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
Annapolis,  with  the  first  engineering  class,  made 
up  of  graduates  of  scientific  schools.  During 
the  ensuing  three  years  he  served  on  the  Daco- 
tah,  of  the  South  Pacific  squadron,  also  the 
Pensacola,  Saginaw,  Eesaca  and  flagship  Sara- 
nac,  resigning  as  second  assistant  engineer.  He 
then  established  himself  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
where  he  was  salesman  for  the  Thomas  Day  Co., 
dealers  in  gas  and  electric  fixtures.  He  was 
made  president  of  the  company  in  1S86,  contin- 
uing in  that  capacity  until  1903,  after  which 
he  served  as  vice-president  and  president  until 
his  death.  His  chief  interests,  however,  were  in 
the  field  of  banking  and  finance.  He  wa?  presi- 
dent of  the  Central  Trust  Co.  of  California 
from  1903  until  1907,  when  it  was  merged  with 
the  Anglo-California  Trust  Co.  In  1908  he  was 
appointed  receiver  for  the  Citizens'  State  Bank, 
and  in  191 0-14  served  in  the  same  capacity  for 
the  California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co.  In 
1902  he  became  treasurer  of  the  Pacific  Meter 
Co.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and 
held  many  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  San  Francisco  board 
of  education  in  1894-95:  member  of  the  board 
of  visitors  to  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  in  1899; 
chairman  of  the  commission  in  charge  of  the 
San  Francisco  exhibit  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exhibition,  St.  Louis,  1904 ;  served  as  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  California  School  of  Mechanical 
Arts,  and  in  1901-06  was  trustee  and  moderator 
of  the  board  of  the  First  Unitarian  Society.  He 
was  president  (1901-08)  of  the  Merchants'  As- 
sociation of  San  Francisco;  president  of  the 
California  State  Conference  and  vice-president 
(1905-06)  of  the  National  Conference  of  Chari- 
ties and  Correction;  member  of  the  executive 
committee  (1903-06)  of  the  Public  Health  Com- 


mission ;  member  of  the  council  of  the  National 
Civic  Service  Reform  League;  director  of  the 
Navy  League  of  the  United  States,  member  of  the 
American  Geographical  Society,  American  His- 
torical Society,  Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants, 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Sci- 
ence, United  States  Naval  Institute,  American 
Civic  Association  and  Royal  Society  of  Arts, 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Nation- 
al Municipal  League,  president  of  the  Unitarian 
Club,  past  president  of  the  Harvard  and  University 
clubs,  and  member  also  of  the  Chit-Chat  Club, 
San  Francisco,  and  the  Faculty  Club,  Berkeley, 
Cal.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  Mr.  Symmes  was  always  intensely 
patriotic,  and  took  an  especial  interest  in  the  af- 
fairs of  the  naval  service.  In  social  circles 
his  genial  manners,  added  to  his  fine  conversa- 
tional powers,  brought  to  him  many  sincere  anil 
trusting  friends.  He  was  married  Mar.  30,  1871. 
to  Anna  A.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Day,  a  mer- 
chant of  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  she  survives  him 
with  four  children:  Anita,  wife  of  Alison  S. 
Blake ;  Whitman,  a  mining  engineer  and  mana- 
ger of  the  Comstock  mines,  Virginia  City,  Nev. ; 
Mabel,  and  Leslie  W.  Symmes,  a  consulting  agri- 
cultural engineer  of  San  Francisco.  He  died  at 
Berkeley,  Cal.,  Mar.  14,  1916. 

MASTERS,  Thomas,  jurist,  came  to  America 
by  way  of  Bermuda  in  1700,  when  William  Penn 
was  in  Philadelphia  on  his  second  visit.  Nothing 
more  about  his  origin  is  known.  He  was  married 
and  at  once  built  what  is  said  to  be  the  first  three- 
story  brick  house  in  Philadelphia — three  stories  on 
the  street  side  and  five  stories  on  the  river  side — 
at  the  corner  of  Front  and  High,  now  Market 
street.  Then  he  became  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  Philadelphia,  and  without  taking 
his  degree  as  justice,  leaped  at  once  to  be  one  of 
the  five  judges  of  the  provincial  supreme  court,  on 
Aug.  20,  1701,  under  the  new  constitution  of  that 
year.  His  service  was  extended  to  Apr.  10,  1704, 
when  the  court  was  reorganized  under  Chief  Jus- 
tice Clark.  Judge  Masters  was  an  alderman  of 
Philadelphia  in  1705  and  was  mayor  of  the  city 
during  1707-09.  Little  seems  to  be  known  of  him 
during  the  later  years  of  his  life,  and  he  died  in 
Philadelphia,  in  December,  1723. 

O'HAEA,  James,  soldier  and  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1752.  He  came  to  America 
about  1772,  arriving  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where 
he  was  employed  by  a  firm  to  go  to  Western  Vir- 
ginia to  engage  in  trading  with  the  Indians.  Be- 
fore coming  to  America  he  had  been  in  the  British 
army,  and  was  naturally  selected  to  take  command 
of  a  company  when  the  revolutionary  war  began. 
His  first  service  was  in.  the  Southwest,  part  of 
the  time  with  the  army  of  George  Rogers  Clark, 
and  he  was  soon  promoted  to  a  captaincy.  He  was 
appointed  assistant  quartermaster  in  1781,  and 
was  in  the  battle  of  Cowpens  and  at  Guilford  Court 
House.  He  continued  with  the  army  until  July, 
1783,  and  then  settled  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  In  the 
expeditions  against  the  Indians  in  1791  and  1794, 
he  was  quartermaster-general  in  St.  Clair's  and 
Wayne's  army  until  May,  1796.  Capt.  O 'Hara 
was  a  pioneer  in  the  early  industries  in  Pittsburgh. 
Building  boats  on  the  river,  he  loaded  them  with 
products  for  the  Southwest  and  took  them  to  New 
Orleans,  where  the  boats  were  fitted  with  masts  and 
sails,  and  with  a  cargo  of  cotton  were  sent  to  Liver- 
pool. After  disposing  of  his  cotton,  he  sailed 
with  a  cargo  of  manufactured  articles  for  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  etc.,  and  finally  arrived  in  the 
cotton  markets  of  the  South  again.  He  was  the 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

first  to  engage  (in  company  with  Isaac  Craig)  in  Hospital  Saturday  and  Sunday  Association  of  New 
the  business  of  glass  manufacturing  in  Pittsburgh  York  city.  In  1885  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  the 
in  1796.  While  visiting  Niagara  he  conceived  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  the  Reformed 
idea  of  carrying  Oneida  salt  to  Pittsburgh  via  Church  in  America,  and  during  the  ensuing  twenty- 
Lake  Erie  and  French  creek,  which  was  a  boon  one  years  gave  unsparingly  of  his  time  and  vigilant 
to  the  people  of  Pittsburgh  and  western  Penn-  sympathy  to  the  work.  He  was  treasurer  of  the 
sylvania,  who  had  been  importing  salt  from  Balti-  Industrial  Educational  Association  and  of  the 
more  on  pack  horses.  When  he  settled  in  Pitts-  Board  of  trustees  of  the  Interdenominational 


and  left  a  large  estate,  a  part  of  which,  the  Schen-    the   committee  of  the   General   Synod   which   had 


burgh.     He  left  three  children:   James,  Mary,  who  N.  G.,  N.  Y.,  with  which  he  served  during  the  civil 

married  William  Croghan,  Jr.,  and  Elizabeth,  who  war  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.     In 

married    Harmar   Denny.      Gen.    O'Hara   died    in  politics  he  was  a  Republican.     He  was  a  member 

Pittsburgh,  Dec.  21,  !Si9.  of    the    Sons    of    the    American    Revolution,    the 

BUSSING,  John  Stuyvesant,  banker,  was  born  Society    of   Colonial   Wars   and   the    St.    Nicholas 

in   New   York   city,   Sept.   21,   1S3S,  sou  of   John  Society.     His   philanthropies   were   many,   and   he 

Schermerhorn  and" Ann  (Van  Nest)  Bussing.     The  will  long  be  remembered,  not  _only  by  those  who 

first  of  the  family  in  America  was  Arent  Hermanse  benefited  by  his  boundless  charity,  but  by  all  with 

Bussing    who    came   to   this   country   from   West-  whom  he  came  in  contact.     He  was  twice  married; 

phalia  on  the  borders  of  Overysel,  Holland,  in  1639,  (1)   June   17,  1873,  to  Kate,   daughter  of  James 

and  settled  at  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  removing  ten  years  Breath  of  New  York,  by  whom  he  had  two  daugn- 

later  to  Haarlem,  N.  Y. ;   in  1673  he  was  named  ters,  Kate  and  Anna  Bussing,  twins,  both  of  whom 

one   of  the   five  magistrates   or  commissioners   of  died  in  infancy.     Mrs.  Bussing  died  in  1874,  and 

New  Haarlem;  from  him  and  his  wife  Susannah  de  he  was  married  (2)   Oct.  31,  1882,  to  Emily  Mor- 

la  Maistre  or  de  la  Mater,  the  line  of  descent  is  ton,  daughter  of  Henry  T.  Jenkins,  of  New  York, 

traced   through   their   sou   Harman   and   his   wife  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  24,  1916. 

Sarah   Selover;    their  son  Abraham  and  his  wife  BELL,    Thomas    Sloan,    judge,    was    born    in 

Eli-abeth  Mesier;  and  their  sou  Abraham  and  his  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.   22,   1800,  sou  ot  William 

wife  Hester  Kingslaud,  who  were  the  grandparents  and  Jane  (Sloan)  Bell.     Having  studied  law  under 

of  John   Stuyvesaut  Bussing.     Abraham  Bussing,  James  Madison  Porter,  he  had  the  unusual  expe- 

our  subject 's  grandfather,  was  a  dry  goods  mer-  rience    of    being    admitted    to    the    bar    several 

chant,  who    with  thirty-six  other  citizens,  assisted  months  before  he  was  of  age,  on  April  14,  1821, 

in  raising  funds  with  which  to  erect  the  first  public  and  during  the  following  month  settled  in  West 
school   house    in   New   York   city.      His   maternal    Chester,    Chester    county.      Within    two    years    he 


Bussino-'s  father  was  also  a  well-known  merchant  this  office  for  five  years  (1823-28).  In  1829  hi 
of  New  York  city.  The  son  was  educated  at  was  appointed  a  visitor  to  West  Point  and  wa 
Columbia  Grammar  School.  In  1864,  in  association  chairman  of  the  committee  to  make  report.  Hi 


In  1829  he 
was 

..- — , -  His 

Gelston"  he  engaged  'in  the  banking    high  standing  as  a  lawyer  and  citizen  led  to  his 
and  brokerage  business  in  Wall  street,  under  the    election  to  the  state  constitutional  convention  in 
firm  name  of  Gelston  &  Bussing,  which  continued    May,    1837,   and   in   October   was   elected   to   the 
until  the  death  of  his  partner  in  1S97.     This  house    state  senate,  taking  part  in  the  political   contest 
was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  conservative  firms    known  as  "The  Buck-Shot  War,       a   recount  in 
on  the  street,  continuing  with  unchanged  member-    connection    with    which    later    unseated    him    in 
ship  for  a  period  of  thirty-three  years,  and  passed    favor  of  his  rival.     In  18:19,  however^  he  was  ap- 
triumphantly  through  many  a  severe  crisis.     The    pointed  president  judge  of  Chester-Delaware  dis- 
success  of  the  concern  may  be  largely  attributed  to    trict,   and   gave  eminent   satisfaction  lor  a   hall- 
the  close  attention  bestowed  in  the  best  interests  of    dozen  years  of  service.     This  was  interrupted  by 
its  customers,  and  it  stood  unswervingly  for  per-    Gov.   Shunk's   appointment   of  him_ as  justice   of 
severance     ener^v,    honesty,    upright    dealing   and    the    supreme    court    of    Pennsylvania^  to    succeed 
strict  integrity      In  1865  Mr.  Bussing  purchased    Justice  Thomas  Sergeant,  Nov.  18,  1846. 
a  seat   on°the   New   York   Stock   Exchange.      He    a  period  of  great  agitation  over  a  proposed  elect- 
relinquished  his  business  activities  in  1898,  there-    ive  judiciary,  which   had  been  advocated   m   the 
after    devoting   his    efforts    to    various    forms    of    state  almost  ever  since  its  creation  as   a   colony 
philanthropic  work.     He  was  one  of  the  consistory    and   especially  since   the   revolution      Judge   Bell 
of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Church  of  New  York    was  so  successful  a  judge,  however,  that  when  the 
for  thirty-three  years,  and  served  as  a  member  of    constitutional  amendment   providing  for   an   ele. 
its  finance  committee.     For  an  extended  period  he    tive  judiciary  of  Dee.  1,  1851,  caused  the  expira 
was  one  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Young   tion   of    the   terms   of   all  _  appointees,    the    \\hig 
Men 's  Christian  Association,  and  later  became  a    convention  wished   to   nominate   him,   but    he   de- 
member  of  the  advisory  board.     He  served  in  the    clined.     He  was  appointed  to  an  uuexpired  term 
same  capacity  on  the  board  of  the  Young  Women  's   for  the  Wayne-Pike-Carbon-Monroe  district   from 
Christian  Association,  as  well  as  chairman  of  its    December,    1*55,   however,   and  three   years   later 
finance  committee     During  1875-82  he  was  a  trus-    was   chosen  to   the  state  senate  where   he   served 
tee   of   the   Northern    Dispensary,   and   he   was   a   during  1858-60.     He  was  first  married    Oct.     1^, 
former  manager  and  president  of  the  New    York    1S26,  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Judge  Isaac  Darl- 
Bible  Society.     He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the    ington,   and   after  her   decease  was   married  Dec. 


Q=-    AMERICAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


171 


9,  1830,  to  Keziah  Anne,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Hcmphill.  His  sou,  Thomas  Sloan.  Bell,  Jr., 
had  just  opened  a  promising  career  at  the  bar 
when  the  civil  war  broke  out ;  he  entered  the 
army,  and  while  serving  as  lieutenant-colonel  fell 
on  the  field  of  Antietam.  Judge  Bell  died  in 
Philadelphia,  June  6,  1861. 

RICKS,  James  Benjamin,  jurist,  -was  born  in 
Bear  Creek  township,  Christian  county,  111.,  on 
Dec.  23,  1352,  son  of  John  Bond  and  Doeia 
Belle  (Haines)  Kicks;  grandson  of  "William  Skin- 
ner and  Margaret  (Bond)  Ricks,  and  great-grand- 
soii  of  Eichard  Ricks,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the 
revolutionary  war.  His  father  (1833-95),  was  a 
farmer  and  livestock  dealer  and  member  of  the 
legislature.  The  son  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Taylorville  and  Springfield,  111.,  and 
at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University,  Bloomington, 
but  was  not  graduated.  He  studied  in  a  law 
office  at  Taylorville,  111.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  June,  1874,  and  opened  an  office  in  Taylorville, 
where  he  acquired  an  extensive  general  practice. 
He  was  appointed  superintendnt  of  pension  exam- 
iners at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  held  this  position 
for  three  years,  when  he  resigned  to  devote  his 
whole  time  to  the  legal  profession.  Upon  the 
death  of  Chief  Justice  Jesse  J.  Phillips  in  1901, 
he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  supreme 
court  of  Illinois,  and  took  his  place  on  the  bench 
May  25th.  His  conception  of  the  duties  of  the 
court  was  well  expressed  by  Chief  Justice 
Scott:  "He  held  that  the  justice  which  the  courts 
must  administer  is  that,  and  that  only,  which  re- 
sults from  the  enforcement  of  the  law;  that  to 
pursue  any  other  course  for  the  purpose  of  reliev- 
ing litigants  from  results  which  sometimes  seem 
unjust  is  to  enter  upon  a  course  which  would  un- 
sett'.e  the  rules  which  must  guide  the  conduct  of 
men  and  make  of  the  law,  which  should  be  a  cer- 
tain and  unfailing  beacon,  a  sport  and  plaything, 
dependent  not  upon  the  writtten  word  but  upon 
the  sentiments  and  instincts  of  men  vested  with 
judicial  office."  His  first  opinions  appeared  in 
191  Illinois  reports,  and  the  last  of  them  in  221 
Illinois  reports.  He  served  as  chief  justice  from 
June,  1904,  to  June,  1905.  His  first  term  expired 
June  18,  1906,  and  although  reelection  was  a 
foregone  conclusion,  ill  health  compelled  him  to 
decline.  He  was  mayor  of  Taylorville,  111.,  in 
1891-92.  Judge  Kicks  was  grand  chancellor  of 
the  order  of  Knights  of  Pythias  in  1885-86.  He 
was  married  Dec.  23,  1872,  to  Pammie  L.,  daughter 
of  John  Geltmaeher  of  Bloomington,  111.,  and 
had  three  children:  Agnes  G.,  who  married 
Houser;  Jesse  J.,  a  lawyer  of  New  York,  and 
Glenn  A.  Ricks,  a  mining  engineer.  He  died  in 
Taylorville,  111.,  July  23,  1906. 

PATEKSON,  James  Venn,  naval  architect  and 
shipbuilder,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  June 
17,  1867,  son  of  Robert  Paterson,  a  fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons.  He  received  a  thorough 
classical  and  mathematical  education  at  the  Al- 
bany Academy,  Glasgow,  and  having  decided  to 
make  shipbuilding  his  life-work,  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Glasgow  for  special  studies  in  mathe- 
matics and  naval  science.  He  served  an  appren- 
ticeship of  six  years,  partly  at  the  Linthouse  ship- 
yard at  Govan,  and  partly  at  the  Meadowside  ship- 
yard at  Partick,  Scotland,  and  in  1S91  was  ap- 
pointed draughtsman  in  the  Naval  Works  of 
Southampton,  England,  subsequently  becoming 
chief  draughtsman.  Having  met  at  Southampton 
Prof.  Sir  John  H.  Biles,  one  of  the  greatest  naval 
architects  of  his  time,  Mr.  Paterson  became  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  his  professional  work.  On  Prof. 


Biles 's  recommendation  he  was  appointed  consult- 
ing naval  achiteet  of  the  International  Navigation 
Co.  of  New  Jersey,  which  operates  the  Red  Star 
and  American  lines  of  trans-Atlantic  steamers. 
The  position  covered  the  designing  and  construc- 
tion of  the  company's  trans- Atlantic  steamships, 
as  well  as  the  repairs  of  the  vessels  of  both  fleets. 
In  1S92  he  came  to  America  to  personally  super- 
vise the  building  of  the  steamers  "St.  Louis"  and 
"St.  Paul"  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  has  remained 
here  ever  since.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  expan- 
sion joint  to  relieve  the  stresses  in  the  superstruc- 
tures of  large  naval  and  merchant  vessels,  and  he 
was  the  first  to  devise  means  for  incorporating  the 
superstructures  of  vessels  as  parts  of  the  structure 
proper,  to  take  the  main  stresses  of  the  hull. 
When  the  American  and  Red  Star  steamship  lines 
were  taken  over  by  the  International  Mercantile 
Marine  Co.  Mr.  Paterson  was  retained  as  naval 
architect.  Shortly  thereafter  he  obtained  an  option 
to  purchase  the  shipyard  and  saw  mill  of  the 
Moran  Bros.  Co.  at  Seattle,  Wash.,  and  in  1906 
he  resigned  from  the  International  Mercantile  Ma- 
rine Co.  to  be  general  manager  of  the  Moran  Co. 
The  latter  was  taken  over  by  the  Seattle  Construc- 
tion and  Dry  Dock  Co.  in  1912,  Mr.  Paterson  be- 
coming president  of  the  new  corporation,  which 
was  capitalized  at  $3,000,000.  Under  his  manage- 
ment the  plant,  which  covers  twenty-six  acres,  was 
completely  modernized  to  build  every  kind  of 
naval  and  merchant  vessel,  as  well  as  to  make  re- 
pairs of  all  kinds  to  hulls,  machinery  and  boilers, 
and  includes  an  iron  and  brass  foundry,  machine 
and  boiler  shops,  a  pattern  shop,  forge  and  black- 
smith shop,  ship-fitting  and  other  special  shops, 
floating  shear-legs  of  eighty-five  tons  capacity, 
and  two  floating  dry  docks,  one  of  them  of  12,000 
tons  capacity,  of  his  own  design.  In  July,  1916, 
owing  to  the  unprecedented  demand  for  ships  of 
all  kinds,  his  company  was  sold  to  the  Todd  Ship- 
yards Corporation  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Paterson 
retired  from  the  presidency  to  engage  in  building 
submarines  for  the  Russian  government.  During 
the  four  years  of  his  management  the  company 
built  eighteen  ships,  including  two  submarines  for 
Chile,  several  submarines  and  a  submarine  tender 
for  the  United  States  navy,  three  navy  tugs,  and 
the  sea-going  suction-dredge,  "Col.  P.  S.  Michie." 
Mr.  Paterson  is  a  member  of  the  Institution  of 
Naval  Architects  of  London,  the  Institution  of  En- 
gineers and  Shipbuilders  of  Scotland,  the  Ameri- 
can Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  and  the  So- 
ciety of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers  of 
New  York.  He  was  married  Apr.  28,  1898,  to 
Marie  Josephine,  daughter  of  David  Provoost  Van- 
deveuter,  of  Matawan,  N.  J.,  and  has  two  sons: 
Robert  Vandeventer  and  James  Venn  Paterson,  Jr. 
HOLMES,  Marshall  Fuller,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Apr.  8,  1857,  son  of 
Frederick  and  Isabella  (Anderson)  Holmes.  His 
father  served  during  the  civil  war;  was  com- 
mended for  gallantry  at  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Lookout  Mountain,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Resaca,  in  Georgia.  Marshall  Fuller  Holmes 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city,  and  at  the  Bryant  &  Stratton  Busi- 
ness College,  Chicago.  In  1867  he  became  a  cash 
boy  and  six  months  later  clerk  in  the  dry  goods 
house  of  J.  B.  Shay  &  Co.,  Chicago,  remaining 
four  years  in  the  latter  capacity,  when  he  re- 
turned to  school  for  three  years. "  In  1874-77  he 
was  bookkeeper  for  Jansen,  McClurg  &  Co., 
booksellers  of  Chicago.  In  1877  he  began  gen- 
eral office  work  in  Chicago  for  Fowler  Bros., 
packers,  and  subsequently  was  placed  in  charge 


172 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  their  general  offices  at  Atchison,  Kan.,  con- 
tinuing in  that  relation  during  1879-80.  For 
the  next  two  years  he  had  charge  of  the  offices 
of  L.  B.  Doud  &  Co.,  packers;  in  1882-86  was 
manager  of  the  Chicago  house  of  the  Chicago 
Smelting  &  Refining  Co.,  and  in  1886-89  was 
with  the  Chicago  &  Aurora  Smelting  &  Refining 
Co.  In  1889-99  be  was  vice-president  and  secre- 
tary of  the  National  Smelting  &  Refining  Co., 
and  iti  the  latter  year  became  manager  for  Illi- 
nois of  the  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co., 
wifh  headquarters  in  Chicago.  Aside  from  this 
interest  he  was  president  of  the  Duncan  Elec- 
tric Mfg.  Co.,  manufacturers  of  meters  and  trans- 
formers, and  director  and  president  of  the  Hud- 
son Manufacturing  Co.,  Hudson,  Mich.,  and  was 
director  of  the  Miami  Cycle  Mfg.  Co.  of  Middle- 
town,  0.  For  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  North- 
western University,  and  he  was  a  governing  mem- 
bef  of  the  Chicago  Art  Institute.  During  the  latter 
part  of  the  regime  of  Col.  Francis  W.  Parker  (q.  v.) 
he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  the  Chicago 
Normal  School,  and  he  was  chairman  of  the 
parents'  organization  of  Cook  County.  He  was  a 
director  in  the  United  Charities  of  Chicago.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
and,  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  He  held  membership  in  the  Union 
League  and  Twentieth  Century  clubs,  Chicago, 
the  Midlothian  Country  Club,  and  Kenwood  Club, 
and  in  the  Lake  Geneva  and  Chicago  clubs, 
Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  at  which  place  he  main- 
tained his  summer  residence.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  golf,  tennis,  horseback  riding 
and  traveling.  He  was  married  Oct.  16,  1879,  to 
Lillian  H.,  daughter  of  Bushrod  E.  Hoppin,  a 
broker,  of  Chicago ;  she  survives  him  with  three 
children:  Henrietta,  Frederick  and  Dorothy 
Holmes.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  June  1,  1912. 

HENDERSON,  Lig-htner,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  at  Gap,  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  Dec.  2, 
1866,  son  of  Archibald  Lightner  and  Margaret 
A.  (Linville)  Henderson.  His  father  was  a  farmer, 
and  also  served  as  squire  of  the  county.  The 
son  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at  Penn- 
sylvania State  Normal  School,  Millersville,  being 
graduated  at  Lehigh  University  in  1889  with  the 
degree  of  C.E.  He  worked  as  structural  steel 
draftsman  and  designer  until  1891,  when  he  was 
employed  by  Corydon  T.  Purdy  (q.  v.),  civil 
and  consulting  engineer,  Chicago.  Two  years 
later  he  was  taken  into  partnership  under  the 
firm  style  of  Purdy  &  Henderson.  The  business 
was  subsequently  incorporated  under  the  same 
title,  and  for  fifteen  years  he  was  president  and 
chief  engineer.  Among  the  prominent  structures 
the  design  of  which  was  vitally  influenced  by 
him  are  the  Flatiron,  Whitehall,  Metropolitan 
tower.  Waldorf-Astoria,  Hippodrome,  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad  station  (of  which  he  also  designed 
the  interior),  New  York  county  building  and 
Municipal  building,  New  York  city;  Marquette 
building,  Montgomery-Ward  tower,  Congress 
Hotel  and  University  Club,  Chicago;  Wabash 
terminal,  Pittsburgh;  New  Willard  Hotel,  Wash- 
ington ;  the  new  city  hall,  Boston,  and  the  Jef- 
ferson County  Savings  Bank,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
The  exposed  steel-work  in  the  concourse  of  the 
Pennsylvania  station,  New  York,  the  design  of 
which  steel  was  conceived  by  him,  probably  is 
the  most  generally  admired  piece  of  structural 
steel-work  in  the  country.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Western  Society  of  Engineers,  the  Engineers ' 
Club,  Chicago,  and  the  Franklin  Institute,  Phil- 


adelphia, and  had  formerly  held  membership  in 
the  Illinois  Athletic  and  Edgewater  Country 
Clubs,  Chicago.  He  was  independent  in  politics, 
voting  for  whom  he  considered  the  best  man, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  He  was  one  of  the  notable  figures  in  the 
engineering  history  of  the  United  States.  He  had 
the  grace,  refinement  and  broad  culture  of  the 
scholar,  and  his  pleasing  personality  intensified  the 
impression  of  good  fellowship  by  which  he  put 
everyone  at  ease.  He  was  married  Mar.  19,  1902, 
to  Hannah,  daughter  of  Nels  Manson,  of  Chicago; 
she  survives  him  with  two  children:  Margaret  and 
Harriet  Henderson.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Mar. 
17,  1916. 

GREENE,  William  Lyman,  publisher,  was 
born  at  Keniiebunkport,  Me.,  Nov.  10,  1S2S,  son 
of  Aaron  and  Mary  (Miller)  Greene,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Richard  Greene,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England  and  landed  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  in  1622.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Margaret 
Weston,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Henry  Green  and  his  wife  Mary  Case ;  their  son 
Isaac  and  his  wife  Mary  Cass;  their  son  Jacob 
and  his  wife  Mary  Eaton;  their  soil  Ephraim  and 
his  wife  Anna  West;  and  their  son  Eliphalet  and 
his  wife  Jane  Cilley,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  William  L.  Greene.  Henry  Green  (2),  who 
settled  in  Hampton,  N.  H.,  in  1643,  was  chief 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from  1697 
until  his  death  in  1700.  Mr.  Greene  was  brought 
up  on  the  farm  of  his  grandfather  Miller,  and  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools.  After  learning  the 
printer's  trade  in  all  its  branches,  he  found  em- 
ployment at  the  University  Press,  and  at  the 
Riverside  Press  in  Cambridge.  In  1855,  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  "The  Cougregationalist, "  in 
Boston,  and  the  following  year  became  a  junior 
partner  in  the  firm.  As  head  of  the  publishing 
department  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  "The 
Congrega.tiona.list"  grow  from  ai  small  paper  until 
it  became  one  of  the  leading  religious  periodicals 
in  the  country.  In  1S67  the  firm  was  reorganized 
under  the  name  of  W.  L.  Greene  &  Co.,  and  con- 
tinued to  publish  "The  Congregationalisf  until 
1901,  when,  by  his  advice,  it  was  sold  to  the  Con- 
gregational Sunday  School  and  Publishing  Society. 
His  firm  also  published  several  books,  and  for  a 
few  years,  beginning  in  1862,  "The  Student  and 
Schoolmate,"  with  William  T.  Adams  (Oliver 
Optic)  as  editor.  He  was  a  lover  of  books,  and 
collected  a  well-chosen  library,  particularly  of  his- 
tory and  biography,  in  which  he  read  widely.  He 
voted  for  Fremont  and  all  the  subsequent  presiden- 
tial candidates  of  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
conscientious  in  performing  his  duties  as  a  citizen, 
but  never  sought  political  office;  minor  offices  came 
to  him  unsought.  From  early  manhood  until  old 
age  he  was  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  church,  and 
in  this  service,  as  teacher,  superintendent,  deacon, 
trustee,  and  director  of  the  Congregational  Educa- 
tion Society,  he  spared  neither  time,  money,  nor 
strength.  In  1^82  he  traveled  in  Europe  with  his 
children.  He  retired  from  business  in  1887,  and 
thereafter,  with  his  wife,  he  spent  about  three 
years  in  foreign  travel,  visiting  the  North  Cape, 
Russia,  Greece,  Turkey,  Egypt,  the  Holy  Land, 
and  Algiers.  The  dominating  traits  of  his 
character  were  patience,  faithfulness,  and  integrity. 
His  conscientious  performances  of  dxities,  private 
and  public:  won  him  the  respect  of  all  who  knew 
him.  He  was  married:  (11  Nov.  25,  1852,  to  Mary 
Bates,  who  died  in  November,  1853,  (2)  Nov.  7, 
1857,  to  Sarah  Eveleth,  who  died  in  January,  1882; 
(3)  Oct.  17,  18S3,  to  Susan  Elizabeth  Langworthj, 


MARSHALL  F.  HOLMES 
MANUFACTURER 


LIGHTNER  HENDERSON 
CIVIL  ENGINEER 


WILLIAM  L.  GREEXE 
PUBLISHER 


HERBERT  W.  McLAUTHLIX 
PHYSICIAN 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  173 

who  survives  him.  His  surviving  children  are:  settled  at  Ipswich  Mass  but  removed  to  Dracut, 
Herbert  Eveleth,  professor  of  English  in  Johns  now  Pelham,  N.  H.,  m  16fa8.  From  Edward  Co- 
Hoi.kius  University-  Grace  Miller,  wife  of  Stephen  burn  the  line  of  descent  is  trac-d-..  through  his 
C-tter  Clark  of  Pasadena,  Cal.;  and  Arthur  Lyman  son  Daniel  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Blood;  their  son 
Greene  of  Detroit  Mich.  He  died  at  Dorchester,  Jacob  and  his  wife,  Joanna  Varnum;  their  son 
Mass  Jan  °°  1914  Daniel  and  his  wife  Lydia,  to  Dudley  and  Mehit- 

"  McLATITHLiN  Herbert  Weston,  physician,  ablo  (French)  Coburn,  who  were  the  grandparents 
surgeon  and  educator,  was  born  at  Plymptou,  of  Josiah  G.  Coburn.  Daniel  Coburn  was  a  major 
Mass  Sept  "3  1854  sun  of  Simeon  Weston  and  in  the  revolutionary  war.  Josiah  Coburn  married 
Frances  Adelia  (Bradford)  McLauthlin.  His  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Marshall,  also  a  soldier  in 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Me-  the  war  of  the  revolution,  who  served  m  the  bat- 
Lathleu  (Maglathlin  or  Me  Lauthlin),  a  native  of  tie  of  Lexington,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender 
Glasgow  Scotland  who  came  from  Ireland  in  the  Of  Burgoyne 's  army.  Josiah  G.  Coburu  received 
earlv  part  of  the  18th  century,  located  first  in  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Lowell,  and 
Maine  and  subsequently  settled  "at  Duxbury,  Mass,  after  graduating  at  the  high  school  began  his 
His  wife  was  Margaret  Miller,  of  County  Antrim,  business  career  in  the  carding-room  of  the  Mem- 
Ireland  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  mac  Manufacturing  Co.  In  1840  he  entered  the 
traced  through  their  sou  Joseph  and  his  wife  Jane  employ  of  the  Massachusetts  Mills,  of  Lowell,  and 
West  to  their  sou  Samuel  W.  and  his  wife  Hannah  was  made  overseer  of  the  spinning  department. 
Baker  (Weston)  McLauthlm,  who  were  the  grand-  j_n  1853  he  became  the  agent  of  the  Hill  Manu- 
parents  of  Herbert  Westou  McLauthlin.  On  the  facturing  Co.  iu  Lewiston,  Me.,  a  position  he  filled 
maternal  side  he  is  a  descendant  of  Gov.  William  until  lg;iO.  In  that  capacity  he  placed  in  opera- 
Bradford  (q.v.),  of  the  Plymouth  colony.  Simeon  tjon  the  company's  new  mill  in  Lewiston;  built 
Westou  McLauthliu,  father  of  the  subject  was  a  the  second  mill,  and  made  many  other  additions, 
machinist  and  tack-maker.  Herbert  Westou  Me-  por  thirty  years  he  was  a  director  of  the  First 
Lauthlin  received  his  preliminary  education  iu  the  Rational  Bank  of  Lewiston  and  served  for  eight 
public  schools  of  Kingston,  Mass.  He  was  gradu-  vears  as  its  president.  He  was  for  sixteen  years 
ated  at  Atnherst  College  in  1877  with  the  degree  of  president  of  the  Lewiston  Institution  for  Savings 
A.  B.,  and  at  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1882  an(j  was  presi,ient  of  the  Lewistou  Machine  Co. 
with  the  degree  M.  D.  In  1887  Amherst  gave  him  an(j  of  tl,e  Lewistou  and  Auburn  Railroad  Co. 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  There  was  scarcely  a  public  work  taken  up  in 
profession  in  1882  in  Denver,  Col.,  where  he  still  Lewjstcm  with  which  Mr.  Coburn  was  not  identified, 
continues  in  the  general  practice  of  medicine  and  For  th;rty  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  Maiiu- 
surgery.  In  1884  he  joined  the  faculty  of  the  facturers' and  Mechanics' Library  (1860-90);  was 
University  of  Colorado  as  professor  of  pathology  presi,jent  Of  the  Lewiston  city  council  during 

...     .1       !_•       i_l .         .       V-..-1/1  in      TM-nfaCCm*      Clf       nVtStptl'lCS      alKl          1O/*1      i*    I          1O|?^J     TO      ~~,1       I*  rrn  i  n      T«       IWQQ'       TV  1  G      QT1       Q  1  fl  PT- 


r- 

-90) 

,  he 

eigh 

he 
istou 


medicine,  in  189,  an        e    oowng  yer  wag  for  eight  years  presen.        o       m  was 

the  chair  of  principles  and  practice  of  medicine  at  truste(1  the  task  of  compiling  and  arranging  t 

that  institution.    Since  1S97  he  has  been  professor  ru]eg    an(1    or(jinanees    for    the    city    of    Lewistou 

of  materia  inedica  and  therapeutics  in  the  Colorado  wh(?n  i(.  cnange(j  from  town  to  city  government  in 

College  of  Dental  Surgery,  University  of  Denver.  1863_      He   wag    a   charter   member    of    the    New 

He  was  health  commissioner  of  the  city  of  Denver  En(Tlan(j  Cotton  Manufacturers'  Association,  now 

in   1-185-S7;   county  physician  of  Arapahoe  county  j^ationai  Cotton  Manufacturers  '  Association  ;  niem- 

iu  1886-91;  county  health  officer  in  1893-1900,  and  bgr  of  t)]e  Mid(1iesex  County  Mechanics'  Associa- 


u          - 

a  member  of  the  Colorado  state  board  ot  health  in  tioQ     of   Lowen,    Mass.;    the   Mechanics'   Library 

1S9S.     He  is  local  physician  for  the  Colorado  fc  Association,  of  Lewiston,  and  the  Hunnewell  Club, 

Southern  Railway  Co.,  and  the  Colorado  Midland  of    Newton     Mass.;    was   also   a   charter   member 

Railway  Co.  also  for  several  large  life  insurance  of  th(j  pine'  street  Congregational  Church  of  Lew- 

companies.     In  190:i  he  was  elected  a  member  ot  iston    and  alwayg  active  in  all  Of  jts  work.     Re- 

- 


" ,      .  1A1-  JOLUll,       W"*A       «*..«.,«       ~ 

the  Denver  charter  convention,  and  in  1.  o  was  ap-  tiri  from  i,usiness  in  1890,  he  removed  to  New- 
pointed  examiner  for  the  Colorado  state  industrial  ton  &Iagg  but  kept  up  hig  interest  jn  the  manu- 
commission.  He  is  past  secretary  of  the  ^olora,ao  fac^ure  of  cotton  until  his  last  days.  He  was 
State  Medical  Society;  past  president  (  892)  ot  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  Mar.  30,  1847,  to  Rachel 

the  Medical  Society  of  the  City  and  County  of  Den-  daughter   of   Ezekiel   Twombly,   of    Vasal- 

ver,  and  a  member  also  of  the  American  Medical  ^       ^    and  had  Qne  chudj  Clara  j    Coburn. 

Association,  and  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  |  dif,j'in  Newton,  Mass.,  Aug.  5,  1912. 

a  communicant  of  the  Congregational  Church  am  FRICK  Joseprj.  E.,  jurist,  was  born  in  Tiffin, 
his  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  Q  *  Al](T  '6  jg'Jg  S011J  of  Michael  and  Mary 
partv.  He  was  married  (1)  at  Burlingame,  Kan  -  uenV  FriVk  both  natives  of  Alsace,  France, 
Oct.'  17,  18^2,  to  Emma  Luella,  daughter  of  ^  ^  ^^  in  Qnio>  moving  to  Iowa  in  1S54. 
Joseph  A.  Stranger,  a  farmer  of  Kingston  Mass  ;  ^f^  ^  .R  gchool  educationj  he  studied  law 

she  died  in  1901.     He  was  married     a^OctJ/,    nf    Tok,(1o,    la.,    was    admitted    to    the    bar    and 

practice  of  his  profession  at  Toledo, 
Shortly  afterward  he  removed  to  Fre- 
i.,  where  for  nearly  seventeen  years  he 

,o.u  «".*  « eomiucreu  a  lar<'e  general  practice  iu  all  the  state 

irl  Addison  McLauthlin,  a  physician  and  federal  courts.     By  appointment  he  served  as 

geon.     (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.)  count v    attorney    for    Dodge    county,    Neb.,    for 

COBURN,  Josiah  Gilmore,  manufacturer  and  /  an,{  as  a  commissioner  of  insanity  for 

..       T_.  _       1 ,,*       TJnlViorn  M  .IIVIO.  tl  .  .  «.i  ,  • 


\,\j*>  \j  AVJ.^ .    wu.  thrrc   vo;irs,  ;iii'i    MS  ;i   euim  "^.j   •«• 

capitalist,   was  born   at   Pelham ,   N.    H.,   July   16,  "         '  The  adoption  Of  the  new  consti- 

1820,  son  of  Josiah  and  Hannah    (Marshall)    Co-    "      «     7    ailmis8ion  of  the  new  State  of  Utah 


in  1895,  attracted  many  new  settlers  and  in  1897 


174 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Mr.  Frick  was  among  the  number  who  went  to 
Salt  Lake  City  to  settle  permanently.  For  almost 
ten  years  he  conducted  a  general  law  practice  and 
on  Oct.  1,  1906,  Chief  Justice  George  W.  Bartch, 
of  the  state  supreme  court,  having  resigned,  Jus- 
tice William  McCarty  succeeded  to  the  chief 
justiceship,  and  Gov.  Cutler  appointed  Mr.  Frick 
to  the  unexpired  term  on  the  same  day.  In  the 
following  month  he  was  elected  to  succeed  him- 
self for  a  term  of  six  years.  The  date  of  this 
expiration,  being  the  earliest  of  any  of  the  court, 
according  to  the  statute  providing  it  as  a  basis 
for  succession  to  the  presiding  justiceship,  Justice 
Frick  became  chief  justice  Jan.  1,  1911,  succeed- 
ing Chief  Justice  D.  N.  Straup.  Upon  his  re- 
election to  a  term  to  expire  in  January,  1919,  he 
again  became  Jan.  1,  1917,  chief  justice  of  Utah's 
highest  court.  Before  being  appointed  to  the 
bench,  he  was  for  two  years  a  member  of  the 
board  of  corrections  of  the  Utah  state  prison  and 
for  a  number  of  years  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  state  board  of  pardons.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Grand  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  of  other 
social  and  fraternal  societies.  He  was  married, 
Dee.  25,  1872,  to  Catherine  L.  Kunz,  of  Home- 
stead, la.,  and  their  living  children  are:  Frederick 
O.,  and  Etta  L.  Frick. 

DEAN,  Henry  Stewart,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Lima,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  June  14,  1830,  son 
of  William  Whetten  and  Eliza  (Hand)  Dean.  His 
grandfather,  Capt.  Stewart  Dean,  was  captain  of 
a  vessel  which  was  made  a  sioop-of-war  during  the 
revolution.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  a 
pioneer  farmer  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  who  also 
erected  the  first  saw  and  flour  mills  in  that  county. 
Henry  S.  Stewart  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ann  Arbor;  at  Bloomfield  (N. 
Y.)  Academy,  and  at  the  academy  of  EufuS 
Nutting,  at  Lodi  Plains,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich. 
Meanwhile  he  served  as  clerk  in  the  general  store 
of  Jonathan  H.  Lund,  Ann  Arbor,  and  later  for 
F.  J.  B.  Crane  &  Co.  Upon  leaving  the  academy 
at  Lodi  Plains  he  went  to  California,  where 
he  spent  five  years  among  the  gold  mines  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  subsequently  became  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  Union  Tunnel  Co.,  of 
Calaveras  county.  In  1857  he  returned  to  Michi- 
gan and  entered  into  partnership  with  his  father 
at  Green  Oak,  where  he  was  also  justice  of  the 
peace.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned  as  a  recruit- 
ing officer,  with  the  rank  of  2nd  lieutenant,  to  raise 
a  company  for  the  22nd  Mich.  vol.  inf. ;  was 
later  mustered  into  the  Federal  service  as  captain 
of  Co.  H,  and  the  next  year  was  successively  pro- 
moted major,  assistant  inspector  general  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  Kobert  S.  Granger  (q.v.),  at  Nash- 
ville, and  lieutenant-colonel,  continuing  in  com- 
mand of  the  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  J.  B.  Steadman 
during  the  battle  of  Nashville;  participated  in 
the  campaigns  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee  and 
Georgia;  was  a  member  of  the  military  commis- 
sion to  try  cotton  speculators,  and  a  member  of 
the  examining  board  to  commission  officers  for 
the  colored  troops.  In  1866  he  sold  his  mills  at 
Green  Oak  and  removed  to  Ann  Arbor,  where  he 
organized  the  firm  of  Dean  &  Co.,  wholesale  ami 
retail  grocers,  manufacturers  of  baking  powder, 
roasters  of  coffee  and  grinders  of  spices,  after- 
wards incorporated  as  Dean  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  which 
he  was  president.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
Michigan  Milling  Co.,  and  of  its  predecessor,  the 
Ann  Arbor  Milling  Co.;  president  of  the  Forest 
Hill  Cemetery  Association,  Ann  Arbor;  secretary, 


treasurer  and  manager  of  the  Ann  Arbor  Print- 
ing and  Publishing  Co.,  and  of  the  Ann  Arbor 
"Register,"  and  president  and  director  of  the 
Owosso  (Mich.)  Gas  Light  Co.  He  served  as 
postmaster  of  Ann  Arbor  during  1870-74;  was 
for  twelve  years  a  regent  of  the  University  of 
Michigan;  a  member  of  the  board  of  state  prison 
inspectors,  1886-90;  supervisor  of  Ann  Arbor, 
1898-99,  and  a  director  in  the  Ann  Arbor  School 
of  Music.  He  was  past  president  of  the  Wash- 
tenaw County  Agricultural  Society;  held  various 
offices  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution, 
American  Historical  Society,  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  fie 
secured  the  right  of  way  for  and  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  the  building  of  the  Ann  Arbor  rail- 
road, and  his  efforts  retained  for  the  city  the 
medical  college  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
when  sentiment  strongly  favored  its  removal  to 
Detroit.  He  had  long  been  a  factor  in  Republican 
politics,  but  in  the  campaign  of  1912  he  joined 
the  Progressive  forces.  He  was  named  as  presi- 
dential elector  on  both  that  and  the  Republican 
ticket,  declined  to  accept  the  latter  honor,  but  was 
elected  on  the  Progressive  ticket.  He  gave  much 
in  time,  service  and  money  towards  furthering  the 
interests  of  the  negro  race.  His  citizenship  was 
of  the  highest  type,  his  personality  was  impressive, 
and  his  influence  wide.  His  character  was  rich  in 
dignity,  honor,  gentleness  and  worth.  He  was 
married  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Aug.  6,  1865,  to  Delia 
Brown,  daughter  of  Edwin  Cook,  a  farmer  and 
planter,  of  Detroit;  she  survives  him,  with  one 
child:  Elizabeth  Whetten  Dean.  He  died  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  Oct.  18,  1915. 

SHELDON,  George,  historian,  was  born  in 
Deerfield,  Mass.,  Nov.  30,  1818,  son  of  Seth  and 
Caroline  (Stebbins)  Sheldon.  His  first  American 
ancestor  was  Isaac  Sheldon,  who  settled  in  Windsor, 
Conn.,  early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  from 
him  and  his  wife,  Mary  Woodford,  the  line  is 
traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Han- 
nah Stebbins;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Chapin;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Mercy  Arms, 
and  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Persis  Hoyt, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  George  Sheldon. 
The  first  John  Sheldon  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Deerfield,  Mass.  (16S2),  a  member  of 
the  first  board  of  selectmen,  ensign  of  the  first 
military  company  and  a  leader  in  civic  affairs. 
His  wife  and  one  child  were  killed  in  the  Indian 
massacre  of  1704,  and  his  memory  is  preserved  by 
a  bronze  tablet  on  the  site  of  his  home.  The  early 
life  of  George  Sheldon  was  passed  on  his  father  's 
farm  and  he  was  educated  at  Deerfield  Academy. 
In  1853  he  was  employed  in  a  cotton  mill  at  Chico- 
pee,  when  he  became  interested  in  local  poli- 
tics. He  was  an  ardent  abolitionist,  active  in  the 
auxiliary  of  the  Kansas  free  soil  movement;  \v:is 
secretary  of  the  "Know  Nothing"  party  at  Chico- 
pee,  and  became  a  Republican  upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  that  party.  He  served  in  the  Massachu- 
setts house  of  representatives  in  1867  and  in  the 
state  senate  in  1872.  In  1S70  he  was  U.  S.  mar- 
shal and  in  1SSO  census  enumerator.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  student  of  history  and  biography, 
particularly  of  the  colonial  and  revolutionary 
period  and  was  known  far  and  wide  as  an  anti- 
quarian. He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Pocumtuck  Valley  Memorial  Association  in  1^7n 
and  served  as  its  president  until  his  death,  and  was 
one  of  the  originators  of  "Trustees  of  Public 


GEORGE  SHELDON 
HISTORIAN 


EDWARD  H.  ROBINSON 
MERCHANT 


FRANCIS  B.  WYNN 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


ALEXANDER  C.  M.  PENNINGTON 
SOLDIER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


lr<5 


Reservations,"  an  organization  formed  in  1890  by 
persons  interested  in  the  preservation  of  historic 
places,  of  which  he  was  vice-president  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  the  New  England  Historic  and 
Genealogical  Society.  His  contributions  to  the  his- 
tory of  the  Connecticut  valley  are  invaluable  records 
of  the  past,  and  he  was  responsible  more  than  any 
other  man  for  the  nation-wide  fame  of  Deerfield 
as  a  museum  of  New  England  antiquities  and  a 
treasure  home  of  New  England  traditional  lore.  He 
was  the  author  of  "History  of  Northfield" 
(1S75);  "History  of  Deerfield"  (1895);  "Some- 
thing Concerning  Ticouderoga "  (1884);  "Forty 
Years  of  Frontier  Life  in  the  Pocumtuck  Valley" 
(1S86);  "Negro  Slavery  in  Old  Deerfield" 
(1893);  "  Tis  Sixty  Years  Since"  (1898); 
"The  Little  Brown  House  on  the  Albany  Road" 
(1898);  "New  Tracks  in  an  Old  Trail"  (1899); 
"Flintlock  or  Matchlock  in  King  Philip's  War" 
(1899);  "Captain  William  Turner"  (1900); 
"The  Journal  of  Capt.  Nathaniel  Dwight  and  Its 
Leadings"  (1903);  "Newly  Exposed  Geologic 
Features  Within  the  8,000-Acre  Grant"  (1903), 
the  latter  in  collaboration  with  Mrs.  Sheldon; 
"John  Edwards  Russell"  (1904);  "WhaHey  and 
Goffe  in  New  England,  1660-80"  (1905)  ;  "Lucius 
Manlius  Boltwood"  (1905)  ;  "Heredity  and  Early 
Environment  of  John  Williams,  the  -Redeemed 
Captive',"  (1905)  ;  "The  Conference  at  Deerfield, 
Mass.,  Aug.  27-31,  1735,  Between  Gov.  Belcher  and 
Several  Tribes  of  Western  Indians"  (1906),  and  he 
edited  practically  all  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Pocumtuck  Valley  Memorial  Association.  Mr. 
Sheldon  was  twice  married:  (1)  June  11,  1844, 
to  Susan  S.,  daughter  of  John  F.  Stearns,  a  native 
of  Dummerston;  she  died  in  1881;  and  he  was 
married  (2)  Nov.  4,  1897,  to  Jennie  M.,  daughter 
of  George  A.  Arms,  of  Greenfield,  Mass.  He  had 
one  son  by  the  first  marriage,  John  Sheldon,  of 
Greenfield.  He  died  in  Deerfield,  Mass.,  Dec.  23, 
1916. 

ROBINSON,  Edward  Henry,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  2,  1862,  son  of  Rob- 
ert and  Mary  ( )  Robinson.  His  father,  a 

native  of  Belleville,  Ontario,  Canada,  moved  to 
Rochester  in  1849  arid  worked  at  the  molding  trade 
for  the  Co-operative  Foundry  Co.  In  March,  1875, 
he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  for  four  years  was  em- 
ployed by  Cribben,  Sexton  &  Co.  He  then  launched 
into  the  stove  and  repair  business,  the  firm  name 
being  R,  Robinson  &  Sons.  Edward  H.  Robinson 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Chicago  and 
began  his  business  career  Jan.  2,  1886,  as  a  mem- 
ber of  his  father'?  firm.  Subsequently  he  became 
vice-president  and  secretary-treasurer,  continuing 
thus  until  the  close  of  his  life.  In  1890  furnaces, 
combination  heaters  and  steam  and  water  boilers 
were  added  to  the  line  which  the  firm  already  car- 
ried. The  business  was  incorporated  in  1893,  the 
name  being  changed  to  Robinson  Furnace  Co.  Mr. 
Robinson  was  one  of  the  leading  lay  members  of 
the  Rock  River  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  For  several  years  he  served  as  su- 
perintendent of  the  Sunday  school  of  the  Bowen 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Chicago,  and  dur- 
ing his  residence  in  Wilmette  was  treasurer  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  there.  In  addition,  he 
was  treasurer  of  the  Deaconess  Federation  of  the 
Rock  River  Conference,  which  supervises  the 
finances  of  the  Methodist  Old  Peoples'  Home,  the 
Deaconess  Home,  the  Agard  Rest  Home;  Jennings 
Seminary,  Aurora,  111.,  and  the  Lake  Bluff  Orphan- 
age at  Lake  Bluff.  For  ten  years  he  supported 
two  foreign  missionaries  at  $600  a  year.  He  was 


a  trustee  and  member  of  the  executive  committee, 
of  the  City  Missionary  Society  of  Chicago,  and  a 
director  of  the  Christopher  Coal  Mining  Co.  Mr. 
Robinson  was  one  -vhose  many  deeds  of  beneficence 
will  never  be  forgotten.  An  undaunted  optimist, 
he  lived  a  thoroughly  consistent  Christian  life,  and 
was  known  as  the  man  with  the  great  heart.  He 
was  married  Nov.  25,  1885,  to  Clara  L.,  daughter 
of  John  Oker,  of  Chicago;  Mrs.  Robinson  has 
served  as  recording  secretary  of  the  Northwestern 
Branch  of  the  Woman  's  Foreign  Missionary  Soci- 
ety, and  has  always  been  an  active  and  earnest 
worker  in  church  and  charitable  organizations. 
The  children  of  this  union  were:  Frank  E.,  an 
official  of  the  furnace  company;  Howard,  a  New 
Mexico  ranch  owner;  and  Pearle  G.,  wife  of  K.  D. 
Allen  of  Minneapolis.  He  died  in  Wilmette,  111., 
Apr.  23,  1916. 

WYNN,  Francis  Barbour,  physician  and  sur- 
geon,  was   born   near   Brookville,    Ind.,    May    28, 
I860,  son  of  James  M.  and  Margaret  R.  (Barbour) 
Wynii,  and  grandson  of  John  Wynn,  a  native   of 
S^lksley,    England,    who    sailed    for    America    in 
1818,  reaching  Norfolk,  Va.,  after  a  stormy  voy- 
age of  three  months,  during  which  he  guided  the 
ship,  the  captain  having  lost  his  way.     He  subse- 
quently settled  at   Brookville,  Ind.,  where  he   be- 
came   a    noted    teacher    of    higher    mathematics; 
served  as  cashier  of  the  first  bank  at  Brookville; 
promoter  and  builder  of  the  first  turnpike  in  that 
section  of  the  country ;  surveyed  much  of  the  new 
lands  then  being  opened  up   in   Indiana,  and  he 
bore   the   reputation   of   being  the   best   educated 
man  of  the  region.     James  M.   Wynn,  father  of 
the  subject,  was  a  scientific  farmer  and  writer  on 
agricultural    topics;    was    also    known    as    an    in- 
ventor, and  held  various  offices   of  trust  and  re- 
sponsibility.     Francis  Barbour  Wynn  received  his 
preliminary   education    in   the   grammar   and   high 
schools.     He    was    graduated    A.B.   at   De    Pauw 
University  in  1S83,  and  M.D.  at  the  University  of 
Cincinnati   Medical   School  in    1885,   later   taking 
post-graduate  work  in  the  best  hospitals  and  uni- 
versities of  Berlin  and  Vienna.     In  1886  De  Pauw 
gave  him  the  degree  of  A.M.     He  began  his  pro- 
fessional career  in  1886  as  senior  interne  at  Good 
Samaritan   Hospital.   Cincinnati.     After   spending 
five   years    in    hospital    service — general,    surgical 
and  insane — he  began  private  practice  in  Indian- 
apolis in  1894,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  gen- 
eral  practice   and   consultant   work.      Aside   from 
attaining  a   prominent  position  in   his  profession 
in  that  city  he  has  been  a  dominant  factor  in  civic 
and  municipal  matters,  and  in  medical  educational 
work.     For  ten  years  he  was  teacher  of  pathology 
at  the  Indiana  University  school  of  medicine,  In- 
dianapolis, and  for  six  additional  years  was  pro- 
fessor    of     the     practice     of     medicine     at     that 
institution.      In    1915   he  was   appointed   by   Gov. 
Samuel    M.    Ralston,   as    active    chairman    of    the 
commission  having  charge  of  Indiana  's  centennial 
celebration.     He  was  the  founder  and  for  seven- 
teen years  director  of  the  scientific  exhibit  of  the 
American    Medical    Association,    also    one    of    the 
founders  of  the  section  on  physiology  and  pathol- 
ogy of  that  organization,  its  first   secretary,  and 
second  chairman.     He  is  vice-president  and  active 
chairman  of  the  Indiana   Historical   Commission; 
was    city    sanitarian    of    Indianapolis    in    1.896-97, 
and  is  'a   member   of  the   Indiana   State   Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  president  in  1915.     He 
has     contributed     numerous     articles    to     various 
medical   and   scientific   papers   and  journals.     He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  tramps  in  the  wilds, 
especially  mountain  climbing.     He  is  a  communi- 


176 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


cant  of  the  M.  E.  church.  He  was  married  June 
25,  1895,  to  Carrie  L.,  daughter  of  Fred  Arnold, 
of  Dayton,  O.,  and  has  one  son:  James  Arnold 
Wynn. 

PENNINGTON,  Alexander  Cummings  Mc- 
Whorter,  soldier,  was  born  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
Jan.  S,  1838,  son  of  Alexander  Cummings  Mc- 
Whorter  and  Ann  Johnston  (Kennedy)  PennLngton, 
and  a  descendant  of  Ephraim  Pennington,  who  came 
over  from  England  and  was  registered  in  the 
New  Haven  colony  as  early  as  1643,  the  line  of 
descent  being  traced  through  Ephraim  's  son,  Eph- 
raim,  and  his  wife,  Mary  Brockett ;  their  son, 
.ludah;  Judah's  son,  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mary 
Sauford,  and  their  son,  Samuel,  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Hayes  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our  subject. 
His  father  was  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Newark, 
and  served  in  the  national  house  of  representatives 
during  1852-56.  The  son  was  graduated  at  the 
lr.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  in  1860.  He 
was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  Feb.,  1861, 
and  first  lieutenant  three  months  later.  He  was 
assigned  to  horse  battery  A,  2nd  artillery,  of  the 
srmy  of  the  Potomac,  and  took  part  in  the  siege 
of  Yorktown  and  the  battles  of  Williamsburg, 
Mechanicsville,  Raines'  Mills  and  Malvern  Hill. 
He  saw  active  service  with  the  army  of  the  Poto- 
mac in  the  Marylaiid  campaign,  having  been 
wounded  in  the  engagement  at  Union,  Va.,  Nov.  2, 
1862;  also  in  the  Rappahannock  campaign  and  the 
Pennsylvania  campaign,  being  brevetted  captain 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of 
Beverly  Ford,  June  9,  1863,  and  was  brevetted 
mn.jor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg.  He  was  promoted  to  be 
captain  of  the  2nd  artillery,  Mar.  30,  1864,  and 
participated  in  the  Wilderness  campaign  and  Sheri- 
dan 's  Shenandoah  campaign.  He  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  3rd  New  Jersey  cavalry,  Oct.  1,  1*(>4, 
and  as  senior  colonel  commanded  the  brigade  in 
the  action  of  Tom's  Run  and  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Creek,  being  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  latter  engagement. 
He  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Gen.  Lee,  and 
after  the  war  was  stationed  at  the  Presidio,  Snn 
Francisco,  Cal.,  having  resumed  command  of  light 
battery  M  of  the  2nd  artillery.  While  stationed 
at  Ft.  Monroe,  Va.,  during  1885-92,  he  was  director 
of  instruction  at  the  U.  S.  artillery  school,  after 
which  he  was  inspector  of  artillery,  ordnance  officer 
and  signal  officer  of  the  department  of  the  East, 
stationed  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.  He  was 
promoted  to  be  lieutenant-colonel,  Nov.  28,  1892, 
and  colonel  in  ]  896.  WThen  the  Spanish- American 
war  began  he  was  stationed  at  Ft,  Adams.  R.  T. 
He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  C.  S.  vol- 
unteers. May  14,  1898,  and  placed  in  command  of 
Camp  Black  at  Hempstead,  L.  I.  From  there  he 
went  to  command  the  department  of  the  Gulf,  with 
headquarters  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  remaining  there  until 
discharged  from  the  volunteer  service,  Apr.  12, 
1899.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
U.  S.  army,  Oct.  16,  1899,  and  retired  at  his  own 
request  after  an  honorable  service  of  forty-four 
years.  He  became  major-general  on  the  retired 
list  in  August,  1916.  Gen.  Pennington  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the 
Manhattan  Chess  Club,  the  Army  and  Navy  Club, 
of  Washington,  the  Society  of  Foreign  Wars  and 
the  Society  of  American  Wars.  He  was  married 
Feb.  5,  1S63,  to  Clara  Miller,  daughter  of  Rev. 
John  W.  French,  by  whom  he  had  four  children, 
two  of  whom  survive:  Annie  Estelle  who  married 
Maj-Gen.  Adelbert  Cronkhite,  and  Edith,  widow  of 
Col.  Godfrey  H.  Macdonald,  both  of  the  U.  S.  army. 


General      Pennington      died      Nov.      30,      1917. 
(Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 

GIBSON,  Henry  H.  lumberman  and  editor,  was 
born  at  Camden,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  26,  1855,  son  of 
Orson  Gibson.  He  was  educated  at  Flint,  Mich., 
and  while  still  a  boy  became  a  reporter  on  the 
Flint  "Globe";  subsequently,  he  became  editor 
of  the  Grand  Rapids  ' '  Leader. ' '  His  marriage 
to  the  daughter  of  a  well-known  lumberman  ef- 
fected a  change  in  his  plans,  and  in  1880  ha 
became  associated  with  his  father-in-law,  from 
whom  he  learned  the  lumber  business  thoroughly. 
Some  years  afterward  he  went  into  that  business 
for  himself  at  Sandusky,  O.,  later  moving  to  Cin- 
cinnati. Impaired  health  necessitated  the  aban- 
donment of  the  Cincinnati  business,  and  he  went 
into  the  southern  pine  woods  in  an  effort  to 
regain  his  health.  For  some  time  he  conducted 
a  mill  at  Whitley,  Tenn.,  but  this,  too,  he  had  to 
relinquish  because  of  the  condition  of  his  health 
and  the  effects  of  a  trying  surgical  operation. 
His  mental  energy  rendered  it  impossible  for  him 
to  remain  idle,  and  while  recuperating  he  ac- 
cepted a  position  on  the  staff  of  the  "American 
Lumberman,"  Chicago,  a  paper  for  which  he 
had  written  since  its  inception.  In  January,  1905, 
the  ' '  Hardwood  Record ' '  was  launched  in  Chi- 
cago, and  he  became  president  of  the  publica- 
tion company  as  well  as  editor  and  manager. 
This  company  took  over  the  "Chicago  Hard- 
wood Record,"  which  had  been  published  as  a 
local  trade  journal  up  to  that  time.  The  new 
venture  proved  unusually  successful  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  his  advice  on  lumber  conditions 
and  lumber  operations  was  not  only  asked  through 
the  columns  of  the  "Hardwood  Record,"  but 
also  his  personal  counsel  was  sought  by  the 
largest  concerns  and  factors  in  the  trade.  No 
other  writer  on  lumber  and  forest  topics  possessed 
the  peculiar  practical  experience  in  both  the 
newspaper  and  lumber  trade  that  was  his.  Of 
direct  and  incisive  style,  cogent  with  fact,  and 
often  pointed  with  humor,  his  writings  chronicled 
the  history  of  the  hardwood  lumber  trade  through 
a  period  of  nine  years,  in  which  his  name  became 
familiar  to  every  hardwood  manufacturers'  asso- 
ciation and  every  individual  interested  in  the  in- 
dustry. In  1912,  with  Albert  Kraetzer,  Burdis 
Anderson  and  H.  C.  Holthoff,  he  incorporated  The 
Kraetxer  Co.,  a  concern  which  exploited  the  com- 
mercial possibilities  of  the  process  of  preparing 
lumber  for  drying  by  steaming  under  pressure 
in  a  steel  cylinder.  The  firm,  of  which  he  was 
its  president  and  chiefly  interested  in  the  sales 
of  the  apparatus,  enjoyed  remarkable  success. 
One  of  his  most  notable  achievements  was  the 
writing  of  a  remarkable  series  of  articles  describ- 
ing in  minute  detail  the  scientific  and  economic 
facts  regarding  every  commercial  tree  of  the 
United  States,  revealing  facts  that  no  man  in 
America  was  better  able  to  exploit.  This  work 
he  began  as  a  series  of  articles  shortly  after 
commencing  the  publication  of  the  "Hardwood 
Record";  subsequently,  with  the  assistance  of 
Hugh  Maxwell,  formerly  of  the  U.  S.  forest  ser- 
vice, these  papers  were  compiled  in  book  form 
under  the  title  of  "American  Forest  Trees." 
This  work  has  had  a  large  sale,  being  the  only 
data  of  the  kind  extant,  and  stands  as  a  fitting 
monument  to  his  memory.  He  was  instrumental 
in  inaugurating  several  associations  for  fostering 
and  developing  the  hardwood  business,  his  famil- 
iarity with  which  eminently  fitted  him  for  work 
of  this  character.  In  the  lumber  trade  no  man  was 
better  known  than  he,  whose  loyalty  to  the  gov- 


HEXRY  H.  GIBSON 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


177 


srnment  's  conservation  policy,  and  whose  insist- 
ence in  the  "Hardwood  Record"  on  the  proper 
use  of  our  natural  resources  and  the  improve- 
ment of  the  country,  entitled  him  to  the  respect 
and  admiration  of  thousands  of  his  fellow  citi- 
zens. Possessed  of  great  courage  and  clear  con- 
victions, he  never  wrote  anything  that  he  did  not 
believe  to  be  the  truth.  His  sympathy  was  bound- 
less; his  efforts  untiring  in  behalf  of  his  friends. 
His  leading  personal  trait  was  his  love  for  his 
family  and  for  the  forest  trees.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lumbermen 's  Club,  Chicago.  He  was 
married  at  Flint,  Mich..  Pec.  12,  ]s~S,  to  Idah, 
daughter  of  Joseph  R.  McGlone,  of  Flint,  Mich., 
who  survives  him.  Mr.  Gibson  died  in  Chicago, 
111.,  Mar.  25,  1914. 

BONNEY.  Esther,  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Clinton,  la.,  Feb.  10,  1875,  daughter  of  Cornelius 
Hartshorn  and  Mary  Jane  (Beers)  Bonney.  Her 
earliest  American  ancestor  was  Jean  Guenon,  a 
native  of  the  province  of  Saintonge,  France,  who 
as  a  Huguenot  left  his  native  country  at  the  time 
of  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and  with 
others  of  his  faith  went  to  Holland,  thence  to 
America  in  the  ship  Draetvat,  in  1657,  joining 
other  Huguenots  in  establishing  a  French  colony 
in  the  Dutch  settlement  of  Flushing,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
Esther  Bonney  received  her  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Lyons,  la.  Realizing  that  there  un- 
doubtedly was  a  field  for  toilet  preparations  which 
should  be  in  every  sense  of  the  word  aids  to  health- 
ful beauty,  Miss  Bonney  devoted  much  time  to 
close  study  of  the  art,  and  in  1900  she  began  mak- 
ing toilet  preparations  on  a  small  scale  in  Chicago. 
This  venture  met  with  a  unique  success  from  the 
beginning,  and  in  1914  she  incorporated  The 
Bonney  Co.,  with  offices  and  laboratories  in  Chi- 
cago, of  which  she  is  president  and  sole  proprietor. 
Women  of  taste  and  refinement  soon  came  to 
recognize  that  articles  bearing  the  Bonney  label 
are  possessed  of  superior  merit,  excelling  t]le  cele- 
brated products  of  the  best-known  manufactures  of 
Europe  and  America,  while  the  pharmaceutical 
trade  has  been  quick  to  appreciate  that  the  Bonney 
trademark  stands  for  quality,  price  protection, 
service,  and  continuing  demand  by  users.  By  the 
very  superiority  of  the  Bonnev  toilet  preparations, 
coupled  with  the  personal  efforts  of  Miss  Bonney, 
who  is  happily  possessed  of  a  delightful  personality 
and  a  charm  of  manner  which  pleases,  the  business 
has  reached  the  highest  pinnacle  of  success.  In 
becoming  a  feminine  captain  of  industry  she  has 
not  lost  her  admirable  womanliness.  Simple,  un- 
pretending, thoughtful  of  everybody,  her  unfailing 
courtesy  is  but  the  natural  expression  of  her  na- 
ture. Every  preparation  sold  under  the  Bonney 
label  is  made  from  the  original  formulas  of  Esther 
Bonney  and  is  manufactured  by  her  in  her  own 
laboratories.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  there 
is  no  machinery  in  the  place,  thus  pure  ingre- 
dients are  assured,  as  well  as  the  exact  proportions 
and  perfect  blending  which  are  so  essential  to 
satisfactory  results.  Her  fame  as  a  health  and 
beauty  specialist  has  become  such  that  she  is  fre- 
quently invited  to  lecture  on  the  subject.  An  ex- 
hibition of  the  products  of  The  Bonney  Co.  before 
the  annual  convention  of  the  National  Association 
of  Retail  Druggists,  Indianapolis,  attracted  wide- 
spread attention  among  the  trade,  while  the  Bonney 
slogan :  "  Anybody  can  cut  the  price,  but  it  takes 
brains  to  make  a  better  article, ' '  appealed  to 
the  drug  merchants.  Miss  Bonney  is  also  an  in- 
ventive genius.  She  is  constantly  creating  new 
articles  of  merit  for  milady  's  dressing-table.  Few 
women  indeed  can  show  a  record  which  combines 


qualities  so  useful  in  a  union  so  replete  with  inven- 
tive skill,  pharmaceutical  knowledge,  executive 
energy,  simplicity  in  method,  unselfish  devotion, 
inflexible  integrity,  and  a  modesty  more  than  con- 
tent to  be  anonymous,  for  Esther  Bonney  has 
never  advertised  her  products.  Her  preparations 
include  skin  and  wrinkle  cream;  a  cleansing  cream; 
a  bleach  cream;  an  acne  cream,  for  the  treatment 
of  pimples  and  comedones;  a  cold  cream;  an  as- 
tringent, lotion;  face  powders  in  seven  shades;  a 
liquid  face  tonic;  paste  and  liquid  rouge;  a  lip- 
stick; nail  polishes  in  paste,  stick  and  cake  form; 
nail  white,  in  powder  and  paste  form ;  beauty 
balm,  for  the  hands;  cuticle  cream;  powdered  clay- 
Arabia;  a  skin  beautifier;  quinine  hair  tonic; 
brilliantine;  depilatory  powder,  for  removing 
superfluous  hair;  a  deodorant;  talcum  powders, 
and  gold-shine,  for  the  teeth.  These  articles  have 
passed  muster  and  on  account  of  their  great  wj:>rth, 
beauty  of  package,  and  dollar  for  dollar  value 
are  preeminently  leaders  in  man}'  of  the  most  im- 
portant drug  establishments,  department  stores 
and  beauty  parlors  of  America.  Each  prepara- 
tion is  perfumed  by  a  bouquet  of  her  own  blend- 
ing, and  the  inimitable  combinations  of  odors  used 
have  a  volume  of  richness  suggestive  of  the  world  's 
rarest  flowers.  Miss  Bonney  is  a  charter  member 
iif  the  Geu.  Henry  Dearborn  chapter,  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution,  and  a  member  also 
of  various  Chicago  clubs. 

WHITING,  Stephen  Betts,  mechanical  and 
mining  engineer,  was  born  at  Reading-Ridge,  Fair- 
field  CO.,  Conn.,  Jan.  22,  1834,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam S.  and  Aurelia  (Sherman)  Whiting,  and  a 
descendant  of  William  Whiting,  who  came  from 
England  to  Ncwtowne,  Mass.,  and  was  named 
among  "some  of  the  principal  characters  who  un- 
dertook, in  the  year  1636,  the  work  of  settling  Con- 
necticut, and  were  the  civil  and  religious  fathers  of 
the  colony"  of  Hartford.  From  William  Whiting 
and  his  wife  Susannah  -  — ,  the  line  is 

traced  through  their  son  Rev.  John  and  his  wife 
Sybil  Collins;  their  son  Rev.  Samuel  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Adams;  their  sou  Col.  William,  who 
served  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg  and  at  Lake 
George  under  Sir  William  Johnson,  and  his  wife 
Anna  Raymond ;  their  son  Dr.  William  and  his 
wife  Anna  Mason,  and  their  son  Dr.  Samuel  and  his 
wife  Sarah  Betts,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Stephen  B.  Whiting.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  and  at  the  New  Haven  Collegiate 
and  Commercial  Institute.  When  fifteen  years  old 
lie  was  apprenticed  to  the  machinist  trade.  Be- 
fore he  was  sixteen  he  designed  and  constructed 
:i  miniature  steam  engine,  and  at  seventeen  he  de- 
signed and  built  an  air  pump,  at  which  age  he 
went  to  work  as  a  full-fledged  journeyman.  In 
l^.ir,  he  was  sent  to  Urbana,  0.,  to  take  charge  of 
the  shops  of  the  t'rbana  Machine  Co.,  and  in  1857 
became  superintendent  of  the  Illinois  Iron  Works, 
Alton,  111.  In  1860  he  became  manager  of  the 
Kaighn's  Point  Iron  Works  at  Camden,  N.  J. 
Subsequently,  in  partnership  with  Charles  G.  Wil- 
cox,  he  purchased  and  operated  the  Kaighn's 
Point  Iron  Works,  under  the  name  of  Wilcox  & 
Whiting.  This  firm  built  and  erected  the  super- 
structure of  the  Chestnut  Street.  Bridge  over  the 
Schuylkill  river  in  Philadelphia,  and  constructed 
the  U.  S.  Monitor  Koka,  which  was  one  of  the 
light  draft  monitors  designed  by  John  Ericsson. 
Because  of  Mr.  Wilcox  's  poor  health  the  partner- 
ship was  dissolved  in  1865.  In  1866  he  became 
superintendent  of  the  Colliery  Iron  Works  at 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  where  he  employed  his  inventive 
faculty  in  designing  and  manufacturing  machinery 


178 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


for  the  coal  regions.  While  here  he  invented  the 
so-called  Whiting  system  of  rope  driving,  hauling 
and  hoisting  machinery.  The  device,  which  was 
patented  Nov.  13,  1866,  consisted  of  two  tandem 
drums  so  placed  that  one  drum  was  at  a  slight 
angle  in  reference  to  the  other  in  such  a  way  that 
the  rope  passing  from  one  drum  to  the  other  will 
be  guided  by  the  angled  drum  from  one  groove  iu 
the  other  drum  to  the  succeeding  groove,  thus  pre- 
venting all  chafing  of  the  rope  on  the  side  of  the 
groove,  and  eliminating  all  danger  of  the  rope 
creeping  out  of  the  grooves.  The  invention  was 
first  installed  at  the  Lehigh  &  Wilkes  Barre  planes 
at  Solomon's  Gap,  at  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa.,  and  later 
used  for  the  iiahauoy  planes  of  the  Philadelphia 
&  Reading  Coal  &  Iron  Co.,  for  the  Brooklyn 
Bridge,  fur  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  Mining  Co.,  and 
for  a  number  of  the  diamond  mines  iu  South 
America.  In  1S7S.  Mr.  Whiting  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  &  Iron 
Co.  as  mechanical  engineer,  becoming  chief  engin- 
eer in  1880,  and  general  manager  in  1S83.  He 
was  general  manager  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
Mining  Co.  in  1888-91,  when  he  retired  from 
active  business.  The  really  great  development  of 
the  Calumet  &  Heela  Mining  Co.  was  achieved 
under  his  administration.  He  recommended  and  su- 
pervised the  sinking  of  the  Red  Jacket  or  Whiting 
shaft — a  vertical,  six-compartment  shaft,  intersect- 
ing the  lode  at  a  depth  of  3,300  feet  and  reach- 
ing the  level  of  the  lode  at  the  property  line  at  a 
depth  of  5,000  feet.  Mr.  Whiting  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechani- 
cal Engineers,  a  manager  during  1880-82,  and  a 
vice-president  during  1^2-83;  he  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Society  of  Naval  Engineers, 
the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  the 
English  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  the 
North  of  England  Institute  of  Mining  &  Mechanical 
Engineers,  and  the  Colonial  Club  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  was  an  amateur  photographer  of  con- 
siderable ability,  his  interest  in  the  science  begin- 
ning in  the  days  of  the  old  wet  plate  process  when 
he  designed  and  construe/ted,  for  his  own  use,  a 
portable  sensitizing  and  developing  cabinet  which 
he  carried  with  him  for  landscape  work,  and  with 
which,  despite  all  the  handicaps  of  such  a  method, 
he  produced  some  very  beautiful  negatives.  He 
was  a  lover  of  good  music  and  an  amateur  musi- 
cian. In  two  of  the  places  where  he  lived  he 
was  leader  of  the  Episcopal  choir,  and  in 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  was  leader  of  the  Philharmonic 
Society.  In  his  Pottsville  house  he  spent  many  of 
his  leisure  hours  experimenting  in  physics,  and 
making  apparatus  to  illustrate  nature 's  laws  to 
his  friends  and  neighbors  whom  he  entertained 
with  informal  talks  on  scientific  subjects.  Per- 
sonally he  was  one  of  the  most  modest  of  men, 
and  in  him  honesty  and  integrity  in  all  matters 
were  unfailing.  He  was  one  of  the  greatest  en- 
gineers of  his  day.  He  was  married  at  Alton,  111., 
Feb.  15,  1858,  to  Kate  Burr,  daughter  of  Albert 
H.  Draper,  of  Alton,  111.,  and  left  the  following 
children:  Charles  W.,  Howard  E.,  Stephen  E.,  and 
Dr.  Albert  D.  Whiting.  He  died  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1915. 

SMITH.  Charles  Axel,  lumber  manufacturer 
and  capitalist,  was  born  in  the  province  of 
Ostergotland,  Sweden,  Dec.  11,  1852,  and  came  with 
his  father  to  America  in  1867,  settling  iu  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  country  and  Minne- 
apolis, and  during  vacations  worked  in  the  hard- 
ware store  of  John  S.  Pillsbury  (q.  v.).  He 
was  a  student  at  the  University  of  Minnesota 


during  1872-73,  but  was  obliged  to  leave  because 
of  ill  health.  He  therefore  continued  in  the 
hardware  store  until  1878,  when,  with  Gov.  Pill- 
bury  -as  his  silent  partner,  he  entered  into  the 
retail  grain,  lumber  and  farm  implement  busi- 
ness at  Hermann,  Minn.,  operating  under  the 
name  of  C.  A.  Smith  &  Co;  in  this  town  he  also 
built  a  grain  elevator.  Within  six  years  he  had 
greatly  extended  his  business,  establishing  lum- 
ber yards  at  Evausville,  Brandon  and  Ashby,  in 
partnership  with  C.  J.  Johnson;  they  'were 
pioneers  iu  the  line  yard  idea.  Having  cleared 
a  goodly  profit,  he  was  ready,  iu  1884,  to  take 
advantage  of  a  proposition  made  by  Gov.  Pills- 
bury.  The  latter  had  loaned  money  to  some  log- 
gers who  were  unable  to  pay,  and  the  governor 
suggested  that  Mr.  Smith  help  him  take  the  logs 
and  manufacture  them  into  lumber.  Therefore, 
C.  A.  Smith  &:  Co.  took  the  logs,  had  them 
sawed  at  custom  mills  and  put  them  on  tha»mar- 
ket,  handling  from  ten  to  twenty  million  feet  a 
year  in  this  way.  In  1887  the  company  decided 
to  own  its  own  mill,  and  bought  that  of  the 
John  Martin  I, umber  Co.  Shortly  afterwards 
this  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  during  the 
ensuing  three  years  their  logs  were  sawed  under 
contract  at  the  Plymouth  mill.  In  1890,  still 
associated  with  Gov.  Pillsbury,  he  bought  a  two- 
thirds  interest  in  the  mill  of  Clough  Bros.  & 
Kilgore,  Minneapolis,  which  became  known  as 
the  Smith  &  Kilgore  mill.  In  1892  they  sold 
out  to  the  Nelson-Tenney  Co.  The  C.  A.  Smith 
Lumber  Co.  was  then  incorporated,  with  a  paid 
up  capital  of  $750,000,  and  during  1893  it  built 
the  model  lumber  manufacturing  plant  of  the 
company  at  Camilen  Place,  Minneapolis.  It 
began  as  a  "two  band  and  gang"  mill.  Its 
growth  was  phenomenal,  and  soon  it  was  manu- 
facturing an  average  of  more  than  100,000,000 
feet  of  lumber  each  year,  and,  until  recent  years, 
operating  twenty-two  hours  each  day.  In  1906 
the  output  reached  the  enormous  total  of  150,- 
000,000  feet.  No  other  mill  came  so  near  to 
utilizing  the  entire  log.  The  high-grade  by- 
products of  tho  mill  are  in  themselves  great 
revenue  producers.  He  was  first  to  perceive  that 
economy  of  production  and  economy  of  material 
must  go  hand  in  hand.  Forty  miles  of  narrow 
gauge  tramways  intersect  the  yards  of  the  com- 
pany. Sawdust  and  refuse  are  fed  into  the  long 
battery  of  boilers  by  an  automatic  device,  and 
the  surplus  is  hauled  away  to  other  Minneapolis 
industrial  plants.  Included  in  the  plant  is  the 
factory  of  the  Northwestern  Compo-Board  Co., 
which  utilizes  the  edgings  of  the  sawmill  and 
turns  them  into  a  manufactured  product  which 
is  used  the  country  over.  The  process  is  under 
a  patent  hold  by  the  company.  One  of  the  chief 
products  of  this  factory  is  a  molded  board  of 
wood  and  paper  used  as  a  substitute  for  lath 
and  plaster  in  lining  houses.  As  the  timber 
tributary  to  Minneapolis  was  being  cut  down 
rapidly  Mr.  Smith  bought  large  areas  of  fir  in 
Oregon  and  sugar  pine  and  redwood  in  Califor- 
nia. In  1907  he  incorporated  the  C.  A.  Smith 
Timber  Co.,  which  now  has  a  paid  capital  of 
$2,500.000,  owned  practically  by  himself.  In 
1907-08  one  of  the  largest  mills  on  the  Pacific 
coast  was  erected  by  this  company  at  Marsh- 
field,  Ore.,  and  in  1909-10  a  second  mill  was 
constructed  at  the  same  place,  giving  a  capacity 
of  three  hundred  million  feet  per  annum.  Dis- 
tributing yards  with  planing  mills  and  box  fac- 
tories, etc..  have  been  established  at  Bay  Point, 
Cal.,  to  which  point  the  lumber  is  carried  in  the 


CHARLES  A.  SMITH 
MANUFACTURER 


MARSHALL  H.  GODFREY 
MERCHANT 


HIRAM  B.  PEABODY 
REAL  ESTATE 


WARREN  M.  PEABODY 

INVENTOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


17'.) 


company's  own  steamers  from  the  mills,  a  dis- 
t:nn-e  of  450  miles.  He  is  president  of  the 
C.  A.  Smith  Lumber  Co.,  the  C.  A.  Smith  Tim- 
ber Co.  and  of  the  Northwestern  Compo-Board 
Co.;  was  formerlv  treasurer  and  director  of  the 
Northern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association,  and 
is  a  director  in  the  Swedish-American  National 
Bank,  Minneapolis.  He  possesses  a,  fine  sense  of 
chii1  duty;  was  appointed  Swedish  consul  at 
Minneapolis,  and  served  :is  delegate  to  the 
Reciprocity  convention,  Washington,  1901,  dele- 
gate to  the  Republican  national  conventions  of 
ls;r_:  and  19110,  and  a  presidential  elector  in 
1S9G.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Minneapolis, 
Commercial,  Odin,  Minikahda  and  Lafayette 
clubs,  Minneapolis,  and  Athenian  and  Claremont 
clubs,  Oakland.  In  1909-15  he  was  treasurer  of 
the  general  council  of  the  Lutheran  church  in 
North  America,  and  has  served  two  terms  as 
regent  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  resigning 
in  1913.  Since  the  latter  year  his  residence  has 
been  at  Berkeley,  Cal.  He  is  a  commander  of 
the  second  degree,  Order  of  Yasa,  conferred  by 
King  Oscar  of  Sweden.  He  was  married  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Feb.  14,  1S78,  to  Johanna, 
daughter  of  Olaf  Anderson,  of  Minneapolis; 
they  have  five  children:  Nann,  wife  of  F.  A. 
Warner,  Sacramento,  Cal.;  Adeline,  wife  of  Capt. 
Edward  A.  Everts,  instructor,  West  Point  Military 
Academy;  Myrtle,  wife  of  Philip  M.  Rodgers, 
Honolulu,  II.  I. ;  Yernon,  and  Carrol  Smith. 

PEABODY,  Hiram  Bell,  real  estate,  was  born 
at  Yevay,  Ind.,  Oft.  20,  1841,  son  of  Stephen  Guy 
anil  Eliza  (Bell)  Peabody.  His  first  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Lieut.  Francis  Peabody,  who  came 
to  this  country  from  St.  Albaans,  Hertfordshire, 
England,  in  1635,  and  settled  at  Topsfield,  Mass.,  in 
16(57.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Reginald  Fos- 
ter, honorably  mentioned  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in 
"Marmion1'  and  in  "The  Lay  of  the  Last  Min- 
strel." Many  of  his  ancestors  served  throughout 
the  French  and  revolutionary  wars.  One  fell  with 
Wolfe  and  Moutcalm  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham, 
Others  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Ticouderoga 
and  Louisburg,  in  the  siege  of  Boston  and  in  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Nathaniel  Peabu.ly,  the 
patriot  at  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  commanded  a  regiment 
in  the  revolution.  On  the  maternal  side  our  sub- 
ject is  of  Irish  Presbyterian  extraction.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town 
and  left  school  at  the  age  of  sixteen  to  enter  the 
employ  of  the  first  Indiana  railroad.  Subsequently 
for  a  time  he  was  engaged  in  the  jewelry  business, 
later  in  the  show  business,  and  finally,  in  1885,  be- 
gan real  estate  operations  in  Chicago.  From  the 
start  he  met  with  unqualified  success,  continuing 
to  rise  rapidly  until  he  had  gained  a  reputation  as 
an  authority  on  Chicago  real  estate.  For  years  he 
was  associated  with  D.  A.  and  F.  L.  Loring  in 
speculations.  He  was  characterized  by  unusual 
foresight  in  his  investments,  and  he  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  development  of  Chicago  as 
it  is  today.  It  was  his  policy  not  to  sell  his  prop- 
erty but  rather  to  keep  on  increasing  it;  his  real 
estate  holdings  at  the  time  of  his  death  were  said 
to  be  worth  more  than  a  million  dollars.  In  18S9 
Mr.  Peabody  retired  from  active  business.  Mrs. 
Peabody  has  exhibited  unusual  ability  in  the  man- 
agement of  her  husband's  interests.  la  politics 
Mr.  Peabody  was  a  Republican,  and  his  religious 
affiliations  were  with  the  Christian  Science  Church. 
A  lover  of  horses,  his  favorite  pursuits  were  riding 
and  driving.  He  was  noted  for  his  hospitality. 
Mr.  Peabody  was  of  a  conservative  and  retiring 
disposition,  dignified  manner  and  was  quiet  in  his 


tastes.  He  was  married,  Jan.  15,  1889,  to  Philena 
Kicker,  daughter  of  Joseph  Penny  Maxwell,  an  oil 
men-haul  of  Chicago,  and  they  had  two  sons,  War- 
ren M.,  deceased,  and  Howard  Bell  Peabody.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  1,  IH07. 

PEABODY,  Warren  Maxwell,  inventor,  was 
born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  13,  ls!U,  son  of  Hiram 
Bell  (above)  7uid  Philena  Rieker  (Maxwell)  Pea 
body.  He  was  educated  at  the  Harvard  private 
school,  Chicago,  and  the  Mercersburg  Academy, 
Mercersburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  born  scholar  but 
would  not  attend  college.  Always  somewhat  of  a 
dreamer,  he  was  never  greatly  interested  in  busi- 
ness activities,  nor  did  he  care  for  society.  He 
was  of  a  scientific  turn  of  mind,  and  conceive  1 
many  original  ideas,  being  the  inventor  of  a  wheel 
and  tire  for  an  automobile.  He  was  fond  of  swim- 
ming, aviation  and  polo,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association.  His  fa 
vorite  pursuit  was  study,  and  he  was  particularly 
fond  of  drawing.  Possessed  of  a  strong  individ- 
uality, Mr.  1'eabody  was  characterized  by  a 
courteous  manner,  genial  disposition  and  irresis- 
tible mirth,  and  was  beloved  by  strangers  as  well 
as  friends.  He  was  moved  by  charitable  impulses 
always;  was  never  known  to  speak  harshly  of  his 
fellow  men,  neither  would  he  listen  to  a  harmful 
word  from  others.  Of  an  artistic  temperament,  he 
loved  life  in  all  its  phases;  was  full  of  vitality, 
and  while  deeply  attached  to  his  home,  he  was 
equally  fond  of  adventure.  His  was  a  noble  spirit, 
the  sweetness  and  richness  of  which  will  long  re- 
main a  monument  to  his  memory.  He  was  un- 
married, and  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Nov.  11,  1!>15. 

GODFREY,  Marshall  Hartley,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  July  16,  1845,  son  of  Jere- 
miah and  Sophronia  (Hartley)  Godfrey.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Detroit,  amd 
completed  his  studies  at  an  academy  at  Lodi 
Plains,  Mich.  On  leaving  school  he  entered  the 
business  conducted  by  his  uncle,  Joseph  Godfrey, 
under  the  name  of  Dean,  Godfrey  &  Co.,  manu- 
facturers of  paints.  He  began  as  an  apprentice, 
and  after  familiarizing  himself  with  all  depart- 
ments of  the  business  became  a  member  of  the 
firm.  ITnder  his  administration  the  business  was 
considerably  enlarged,  and  became  one  of  the  lead- 
ing industrial  organizations  of  the  city.  Mr.  God- 
frey was  long  interested  in  civic  affairs  in  his 
native  city,  having  served  at  different  times  as 
member  of  the  board  of  fire  commissioners,  as 
general  manager  of  the  water  works  system,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  board  of  water  commissioners. 
He  was  a  candidate  for  mayor  of  Detroit  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  in  1893,  "but  was  defeated  by 
Hon.  Hazen  S.  Pingree  (q.  v.) .  He  also  served 
as  a  member  of  Gov.  Begole's  staff.  Mr.  God- 
frey was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  and 
was  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  Mason,  being  the 
twelfth  oldest  member  of  the  Masonic  order  in 
Detroit.  He  was  a  director  of  the  Dime  Savings 
Bank,  and  a  member  of  the  Old  Club  and  the  De- 
troit Athletic  Club.  He  was  married  at  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  Apr.  2,  1868,  to  Marion,  daughter  of  John 
Carrick  of  New  York,  and  had  two  sons:  Marshall 
H.,  Jr.,  and  David  F.  Godfrey.  He  died  in  De- 
troit, Mich.,  Dec.  29,  1914. 

ROBERT,  Dent  Hayes,  journalist,  was  born 
at  "Oakland"  Plantation,  Greenville  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  26,  1863,  son  of  Patrick  Gibson  and  Eliza- 
beth (Scott)  Robert;  grandson  of  John  Gibson 
and  Amanda  Pamela  (McRae)  Robert;  great- 
grandson  of  Jean  Baptiste  and  Mary  (Sanderson) 
Robert,  and  great-great-grandson  of  Pierre  Domi- 
nique Robert,  who  came  to  this  country  from 


ISO 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Amiens,  France,  and  was  naturalized  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  May  1,  1793.  He  belonged  to  a 
prominent  southern  family  in  whose  reins  flowed 
some  of  the  best  blood  of  sturdy  Scotch  and 
French  cavaliers,  and  members  of  which  were  prom 
inent  socially,  politically  and  in  religion  since  the 
early  years  of  the  colonies.  His  father  (1^7 
1904),  a  Protestant  Episcopal  minister  of  Virginia, 
was  a  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army  during  the 
civil  war,  and  afterward  resided  in  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  and  St.  Louis,  Mo.  His  maternal  grand- 
father, Dr.  Edward  Pegram  Scott,  was  a  nephew 
of  Gen.  Winfield  Scott;  a  wealthy  planter  and  able 
physician  of  Virginia,  and  at  one  time  speaker  of 
the  state  senate.  Dent  Hayes  Robert  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  at 
Smith  Academy.  He  began  his  journalistic  career 
as  a  reporter  on  the  St.  Louis  "Globe  Democrat," 
later  becoming  Sunday  editor  of  the  "Post-Dis- 
patch.'' At  the  time  of  the  uprising  of  the  Sioux 
Indians  in  1890-91  he  was  sent  as  correspondent  by 
the  last-named  paper,  and  although  the  youngest  of 
the  newspaper  correspondents,  showed  the  ability 
that  was  in  him  by  securing  first-hand  information 
of  great  importance.  His  story  of  the  great  cyclone 
in  St.  Louis  in  1895  attracted  the  attention  of 
newspaper  men  everywhere,  and  as  city  editor  of 
the  St.  Louis  "Republic"  he  displayed  such  keen 
intelligence  and  such  intimate  knowledge  of  politi- 
cal affairs  in  handling  the  National  Republican 
convention  which  met  in  St.  Louis  in  1896  that  he 
established  his  reputation  in  the  newspaper  world 
as  a  journalist  of  the  highest  quality.  "Hardly 
had  the  delegates  started  back  to  their  homes," 
said  a  writer  who  knew  him  personally,  "when 
Robert  received  calls  for  his  genius  in  broader 
fields.  One  of  these  offers  came  from  William 
Randolph  Hearst.  Robert  accepted  and  went  to 
the  New  York  'Journal.'  By  the  same  kind  con- 
sideration and  ability  he  arose  to  that  high  distinc- 
tion that  was  to  reward  his  merit  and  worth."  He 
was  city  editor  of  the  New  York  "Journal,"  and 
later  night  editor  of  the  New  York  "American" 
until  1899.  In  the  latter  year  Hearst  sent  him  to 
San  Francisco  as  news  editor  of  the  "Examiner." 
He  was  made  managing  editor  two  years  later,  and 
then  became  publisher  and  general  Pacific,  coast 
representative  of  the  Hearst  publication  interests. 
In  this  capacity  he  organized  the  Los  Angeles 
"Examiner"  in  1903.  His  best  work  was  done 
on  the  San  Francisco  "Examiner,"  whose  present 
position  as  one  of  the  most  influential  newspapers 
of  the  Pacific  coast  and  one  of  the  best-known  in 
the  United  States  is  due  to  his  energy,  resourceful- 
ness, courage  and  genius.  In  civic  enterprises  he 
was  ever  to  the  fore,  sometimes  seconding  the  ideas 
of  Mr.  Hearst,  sometimes  proposing  ideas  of  his 
own.  As  the  Hearst  papers  had  consistently  ad- 
vocated municipal  ownership,  Mr.  Robert  urgently 
advocated  the  city  ownership  of  San  Francisco 
street  railways,  and  after  meeting  the  opposition 
of  the  railway  companies  for  a  period  of  twelve 
years,  saw  the  success  of  his  efforts  in  the  pur- 
chase of  the  Geary  street  road  by  the  city  of  San 
Francisco  and  its  subsequent  successful  operation 
as  a  municipal  property.  Following  the  great 
earthquake  in  San  Francisco  in  1906,  Mr.  Robert 
conceived  the  idea  of  a  festival  or  pageant  which 
would  attract  the  attention  of  the  whole  nation  to 
the  Pacific  coast  city.  The  result  was  the  Portola 
festival,  said  to  be  the  most  striking  and  educa- 
tional spectacle  ever  staged  in  a  modern  American 
city.  It  was  held  in  1909,  and  because  of  its  great 
success  was  repeated  in  1913.  Mr.  Robert  was  not 
only  the  father  of  the  idea  but  his  dynamic  force 


furnished  the  motive  power  for  carrying  out  the 
details.  It  was  the  Portola  festival  which  led  to 
the  holding  of  an  international  exposition  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  again  Mr.  Robert  was  very 
active  in  the  preliminary  work.  He  suggested  the 
name  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition,  and 
was  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  board 
of  directors,  being  one  of  the  chief  advisers  of 
the  president,  Charles  C.  Moore.  Failing  health 
necessitated  his  traveling  abroad,  and  he  was  in 
Bruges,  Belgium,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  European 
war  in  1914.  Returning  via  Brussels,  Paris  and 
London  he  sent  to  the  "Examiner"  three  power- 
ful and  convincing  articles,  describing  the  events 
and  international  political  conditions  which  caused 
the  war,  and  predicting  the  downfall  of  the  central 
empires.  They  were  his  last  journalistic  efforts. 
Dent  Hayes  Robert  was  called  a  pioneer  in  journal- 
ism because  he  so  insistently  pointed  the  way  to 
new  paths  of  thought  and  achievement.  He  was 
primarily  an  editor;  the  satisfaction  of  exposing 
a  crooked  official  always  meant  more  to  him  than 
the  greatest  triumph  for  the  business  side  of  the 
newspapers  he  conducted.  His  dominating  charac- 
teristics were  justice,  integrity,  perseverance, 
courage  and  indomitable  will  power.  As  a  suc- 
cessful journalist  his  name  will  be  preserved  with 
the  foremost  newspaper  men  in  the  United  States; 
but  he  was  more  than  a  successful  journalist.  He 
was  a  loyal  and  loving  friend,  a  devoted  husband, 
and  an  exponent  of  the  highest  civic  virtues.  For 
a  quarter  of  a  century  his  services  to  his  adopted 
city  were  almost  unmatched,  and  he  was  held  in 
the  highest  honor  wherever  men  of  standing  and 
reputation  discussed  the  people  of  the  press.  Mr. 
Robert  was  married  Oct.  5,  1905,  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Emmet  Leake  Woodson  of  New  York 
city,  formerly  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  died  with- 
out issue  in  Coronado,  Cal.,  June  17,  1917. 

BROWN,  Corinne  (Stubbs),  social  reformer, 
was  born  in  Chicago,  111..  Dee.  14,  1850,  daughter 
of  Timothy  Riorden  and  Jane  Wilson  (Mc- 
Williams)  Stubbs.  As  a  girl  she  was  a  great 
reader,  being  particularly  interested  in  science, 
economics  and  philosophy.  She  was  a  pupil,  then 
a  teacher  and  finally  principal  in  the  Chicago  pub- 
lie  schools  and  in  her  early  days  as  a  teacher,  ad- 
vocated the  principal  reforms  which  were  later 
brought  to  success  by  the  Chicago  Teachers  Fed- 
eration. She  was  particularly  instrumental  in 
causing  the  teachers'  salaries  to  be  paid  when  due, 
instead  of  the  teachers  being  given  scrip,  or  not 
paid  at  all.  While  always  radical  in  thought,  the 
anarchists  troubles  of  1SS6  and  her  investigations 
into  the  conditions  which  caused  them,  marked  the 
turning  point  between  a  passive  and  active  interest 
in  the  industrial  struggles  of  men,  women  and 
children,  and  made  her  first  a  Single  Taxer  and 
later  a  trade  Unionist  and  Socialist.  About  this 
time  she  helped  to  organize  the  first  Woman 's 
Federal  Labor  Union  and  became  a  delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Federation  of  Labor.  After  the  great 
railroad  strike  of  1^94,  she  became  affiliated  with 
the  Social-Democratic  party,  and  in  1901  was  made 
a  member  of  its  national  committee.  Her  home 
had  long  been  a  gathering  place  for  persons  of 
liberal  ideas  and  for  many  years  one  Sunday  in 
each  month  was  set  aside  as  a  gathering  day  for 
liberal  minded  people  of  every  belief  who  con- 
gregated there  to  listen  to  talks  on  the  live  topics 
of  the  day,  followed  by  an  open,  frank  discussion. 
Many  of  the  world 's  most  famous  thinkers  and 
students  have  addressed  audiences  on  these  Sunday 
afternoons.  When  the  Woman 's  Trade  Union 
League  was  organized,  she  became  one  of  its  first 


CORIXXE  S.  BROWN 
SOCIAL  REFORMER 


NORMAN  M.  RU'ICK 
LAWYER 


WILLIAM  L.  DARLING 
CIVIL  ENGINEER 


ROBERT  \V.  M.  BRIDE 
JURIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


181 


members  and  remained  always  a  loyal  and  gener- 
ous supporter  of  the  League  "s  work.  In  addition 
to  her  interest  in  labor,  industrial  and  educational 
problems,  she  was  unwearyingly  active  in  the 
woman's  movement.  A  inert1  catalogue  of  her 
efforts  in  this  field  would  be  an  extended  one.  She 
did  more  than  any  single  woman  in  the  middle 
West  to  divert  the  club  movement  from  its  ab- 
sorption in  mere  self-culture  and  taught  women 
how  to  think  in  civic  affairs.  Disclosures  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Woman's  Federal  Labor  Union  as 
to  the  wrongs  of  the  Federal  employees,  moved  her 
to  call  together  delegates  from  the  womens  clubs 
of  Chicago  to  form  the  first  body  of  women  in  the 
United  States,  organized  for  civic  work.  To  the 
astonishment  of  the  clubs  themselves,  a  call  sent 
out  showed  that  there  were  fifty-seven  womens 
clubs  in  Chicago  at  that  time  (1888).  Mrs. 
Brown  was  the  first  president  of  this  federated 
body  which  was  known  as  the  Illinois  Womans 
Alliance  and  still  exists  under  the  Cook  County 
Lengue  of  Women  's  Clubs.  She  was  the  leader  in 
the  formation  of  the  industrial  committee  of  the 
General  Federation  of  Women  's  Clubs  and  was  its 
first  chairman.  She  was  the  founder  of  the 
Socialist  Woman's  League.  The  political  and 
economical  liberation  of  women  and  the  protection 
and  education  of  children  called  forth  her  best 
efforts  and  she  believed  that  through  the  Socialist 
program  alone  could  these  be  realized.  She  was 
one  of  the  founders  and  leaders  of  the  Social 
Economics  Club  of  Chicago.  She  was  married 
July  12,  1883,  to  Frank  E.  Brown,  assistant 
cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago, 
and  there  were  three  children:  E.  Fred,  Corinne 
and  Philip  S.  Brown.  Mrs.  Brown  died  in  New 
York  citv.  Mar.  15,  1914. 

RUICK,  Norman  Melville,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Hartford  county,  Conn.,  Oct.  4,  1854,  son  of 
William  and  Temperance  Coleman  (Hutchinson) 
Ruick.  He  was  educated  in  public  and  private 
schools,  and  at  seventeen  removed  to  Schenec- 
tady,  N.  Y..  where  he  became  a  machinist  in 
the  service  of  (he  Schenectady  (now  American) 
Locomotive  Works,  continuing  two  years  in  that 
capacity.  Later  he  began  the  study  of  law  at 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  the  offices  of  King  &  Rhodes, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Indiana  in  1S77, 
and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Indianapolis.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Arizona,  where,  after  a  short  stay,  he  decided 
to  settle  in  Idaho,  locating  first  at  Bellevue  and 
subsequently  at  Hailey,  where  he  remained  in 
successful  practice  for  fourteen  years.  His  offi- 
cial activities  began,  however,  with  his  appoint- 
ment as  deputy  district  attorney  for  Alturas  county. 
Two  years  later  he  was  elected  district  attorney, 
serving  one  term.  In  1892  he  was  elected  to  the 
Idaho  state  senate,  and  during  the  second  session  of 
the  state  legislature  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
committee  of  the  senate.  In  1894  he  took  up  his 
residence  at  Boise,  in  which  year  he  was  elected 
chairman  of  the  Populist  state  central  committee, 
and  for  some  years  continued  to  affiliate  with  that 
party.  In  1898,  however,  he  returned  to  the  Repub- 
lican party,  in  which  he  was  a  dominant  factor  in 
Idaho  until  his  death.  lie  became  vice-chairman 
of  the  Republican  state  central  committee  in 
1902,  and  had  charge  of  the  committee's  head- 
quarters in  the  campaign  of  that  year.  In  1904 
he  was  appointed  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  district 
of  Idaho.  He  gave  four  years  from  his  private 
pr°ctice  to  his  duties  as  federal  attorney,  but 
thereafter  devoted  his  entire  time  and  attention 
to  a  growing  clientele,  and  was  the  representa- 


tive of  several  of  the  largest  corporations  of 
Idaho  and  of  the  Northwest,  also  enjoying  a 
large  general  practice.  Possessing  a  fine  sense 
of  civic  duty,  he  quietly  assisted  in  many  pub- 
lic improvements  for  the  benefit  of  Boise.  His 
force  as  an  attorney  was  felt  throughout  the 
entire  state.  His  power  for  good  was  far 
reaching.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  and  he  was  promi- 
nent in  the  work  of  the  Church  of  Christ  Scientist. 
He  was  a  man  of  distinguished  traits  and  capabili- 
ties. He  was  twice  married:  (1)  Aug.  17,  ISss,  to 
Mrs.  Amanda  D.  Reisff,  by  whom  he  had  four 
children:  Norman,  Eleanor,  Melville  and  Everett; 
(2)  Nov.  29,  1906,  to  Lucinda,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Haskins  of  Genesee,  Ida.  The  children  of  this 
union  are:  Estelle,  Josephine  and  Alice  Ruick. 
He  died  in  Boise,  Idaho,  Mar.  24,  1915. 

DARLING-,  William  Lafayette,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  at  Oxford,  Mass.,  Mar.  24,  1856,  son  of 
William  Edward  and  Cynthia  Marana  (Steere) 
Darling,  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Sylvania  (Shel- 
don) Darling,  and  a  descendant  of  Denice  Darling, 
who  was  in  Braintree,  Mass.,  as  early  as  the  year 
1662;  his  wife  was  Hannah  Frances.  William  L. 
Darling  was  educated  at  Amesbury  (Mass.)  High 
School  and  Nichol's  Academy,  Dudley,  Mass., 
being  graduated  at  Worcester  (Mass.)  Polytechnic 
Institute  in  1877  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  Two 
years  later  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Co.  and  remained  in  continuous 
service,  chiefly  with  that  company,  until  1901. 
During  that  period  he  was  employed  by  other 
roads  as  follows:  chief  engineer  of  the  Duluth, 
Watertown  &  Pacific  Railroad  Co. ;  chief  engineer 
of  the  Yankton  Railway  Co.;  assistant  engineer  for 
the  Great  Northern  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad  companies,  and  chief  engineer 
for  the  receivers  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Co.,  during  1897-98.  In  1901  he  was  appointed 
chief  engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  and  during 
1903-05  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  system,  with  headquarters  in 
Chicago.  Meanwhile  he  also  served  as  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Gulf  Construction  Co.,  in  charge  of 
engineering  and  construction  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kan- 
sas City  &  Colorado  railroad  from  St.  Louis  to 
Kansas  City,  now  a  part  of  the  Rock  Island.  For 
a  period  in  1905  he  was  chief  engineer  in  charge 
of  reconnaissance  and  location  of  the  Pacific  rail- 
way, the  name  under  which  the  Milwaukee  coast 
extension  was  first  started.  From  Jan.  1,  1906, 
until  October,  1916,  he  was  chief  engineer  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  and  of  the  Minnesota  &  In- 
ternational Railway  Co.  In  1905-09  he  was  also 
second  vice-president  ami  consulting  engineer  in 
charge  of  the  engineering  and  construction  of  the 
Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle  railway  from  Spokane 
to  Portland.  He  was  consulting  engineer  during 
the  location  and  construction  of  the  Gilmore  & 
Pittsburgh  railroad,  and  in  1906-09  was  presi- 
dent of  the  St.  Paul  Union  Depot  Co.  In  1917  he 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Commission  of 
Railway  Experts  to  Russia.  He  is  an  associate 
member  of  the  U.  S.  naval  consulting  board ;  was 
president  (for  1916)  of  the  northwest  association 
of  members  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  En- 
gineers; is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  and  of  the 
Society  of  Russian  Engineers,  Petrograd,  and 
a  member  of  the  American  Railway  &  Engineering 
Association;  St.  Paul  Society  of  Civil  Engineers; 
International  Association  of  Navigation  Con- 
gresses; Sons  of  the  American  Revolution;  Engi- 
neers' Club,  Chicago,  and  the  Minnesota,  Uiii- 


182 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


versify,  and  Athletic  clubs,  St.  Paul  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  playing  baseball  a.nd  walking. 
He1  was  married,  Apr.  15,  1901,  to  Alice  Ernes- 
tine, daughter  of  Lowell  M.  Bevans,  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  and  has  three  children;  Fayette  Bevans, 
William  Lowell  and  Edna  Cyrena  Darling. 

McBBIDE,  Robert  Wesley,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Eichland  co.,  O.,  Jan.  25,  1842,  son  of  Augustus 
and  Martha  Ann  (Barnes)  McBride.  His  paternal 
grandparents  came  from  Scotland  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  18th  century ;  located  first  in  Wash- 
ington co.,  Pa.,  and  afterwards  settled  in  Ohio. 
A  grand-uncle,  Robert  Bruce  McBride,  served  as 
captain  of  a  company  of  Pennsylvania  troops  in 
the  war  of  1812.  Augustus  McBride,  father  of 
the  subject,  was  a  teacher  and  carpenter;  served 
in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  private  in  the  7th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  and  died  of  fever  in  the  city  of  Mexico. 
In  early  boyhood  the  son  removed  to  Mahaska  co., 
la.,  and  there  made  his  home  with  his  maternal 
grandfather.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ohio  and  Iowa,  and  at  Prof. 
Patterson 's  academy,  Kirkville,  la.  He  taught 
school  and  also  studied  law  in  Iowa  in  1859-62, 
and  in  the  latter  year  returned  to  his  native  state 
and  enlisted  in  the  7th  Ohio  volunteer  cavalry, 
known  as  the  Union  light  guard,  and  assigned  to 
duty  as  the  body-guard  or  mounted  escort  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  serving  in  that  capacity  until 
his  assassination.  At  the  beginning  of  1865  he 
was  detailed  for  duty  in  the  office  of  the  adjutant- 
general,  war  department,  Washington,  remaining 
until  mustered  out.  He  was  then  appointed  a 
clerk  in  the  office  of  the  quartermaster-general, 
but  shortly  thereafter  resigned  to  resume  teaching 
and  the  study  of  law.  He  taught  in  Richland  co., 
O.,  during  1865-66;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Indiana  at  Auburn  in  1867  and  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Waterloo,  Ind.,  as  a  partner  of 
Judge  James  I.  Best,  under  the  firm  style  of  Best 
&  McBride,  which  relation  continued  for  about  a 
year.  He  formed  a  later  partnership  with  Joseph 
L.  Morlan,  as  McBride  &  Morlan,  and  then  prac- 
ticed independently  until  1882,  when  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  35th  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana,  com- 
prising the  counties  of  DeKalb,  Noble  and  Steuben, 
serving  six  years  on  the  bench.  In  1888  he  re- 
sumed private  practice,  at  Elkhart,  Ind.,  and  in 
1890  was  appointed  by  Pres.  Harrison  a  member 
of  the  commission  to  settle  a  controversy  between 
the  Northern  Pacific.  Railway  Co.  and  the  Puyal- 
lup  Indians,  at  Seattle.  Before  he  could  enter 
upon  the  duties  of  that  commission  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Gov.  Alvin  P.  Hovey  a  member  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Indiana,  serving  in  that  capacity 
during  1890-93.  He  then  formed  a  law  partner- 
ship with  Caleb  S.  Denny,  as  McBride  &  Denny, 
in  Indianapolis,  which  relation  continued  until 
1904.  At  this  time  he  accepted  the  position  of 
counsel  for  the  loan  department  of  The  State  Life 
Insurance  Co.,  Indianapolis,  of  which  corporation 
he  had  been  one  of  the  organizers,  and  he  has 
since  been  a  member  of  its  directorate,  continuing 
also  to  serve  as  counsel  and  as  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee.  In  1879  he  organized  a  com- 
pany of  national  guard  which  became  a  part  of 
the  state  service  as  Company  A  of  the  3d  Indiana 
regiment.  He  was  the  first  lieutenant-colonel  of 
that  regiment,  later  its  colonel,  and  continued  in 
the  latter  position  until  appointed  to  the  supreme 
bench.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Indiana  State  Bar 
Association  (president  1915-16)  ;  past  president 
and  an  organizer  of  the  Indiana  Audubon  Society, 
and  the  present  chairman  of  its  executive  com- 
mittee; one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Nature  Study 


Club  of  Indiana,  and  continuously  chairman  of  its 
executive  committee,  and  he  is  a  member  also  of 
the  Indiana  Academy  of  Science,  and  of  the  Col- 
umbia, Country,  University,  Century,  and  Marion 
clubs,  Indianapolis.  He  is  a  32d  degree  Mason, 
past  eminent  commander  Knights  Templar,  past 
chancellor  commander,  Knights  of  Pythias; 
Indiana  grand  lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  served  as  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  grievances  and  appeals 
in  the  grand  lodge,  and  was  for  years  a  member 
of  a  similar  committee  in  the  grand  lodge  of 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  He  is  a  com- 
municant of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  nature  study  and  liter- 
ature. He  was  married  at  Waterloo,  Ind.,  Sept.  27, 
1868,  to  Ida  Sophia,  daughter  of  James  N. 
Chamberlain,  a  prominent  physician  and  surgeon 
of  northeastern  Indiana,  and  an  army  surgeon  in 
the  civil  war;  they  have  four  children:  Daisy  Ida, 
wife  of  Kent  Cooper,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Charles 
Haverfield,  Peoria,  111. ;  Herbert  Wesley,  an  officer 
with  the  Canadian  troops  in  Europe,  and  Martha 
Catherine,  wife  of  James  P.  Hoster,  Indianapolis. 
(Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 

ECHOLS,  Edward,  lawyer,  legislator  anQ 
banker,  was  born  at  Union,  Monroe  county.,  Va. 
(Now  W.  Va.),  Sept.  20,  1849,  son  of  John  and 
Mary  Jane  (Caperton)  Echols.  His  father,  a  dis- 
tinguished lawyer,  legislator  and  orator,  served  as 
major  general  in  the  Confederate  army  in  the 
civil  war.  Edward  Echols  received  his  preparatory 
education  in  the  schools  of  Staunton  ind  Lexing- 
ton. Va.,  attended  Washington  College  (now 
Washington  and  Lee  University),  and  was  grad- 
uated at  the  college  of  law  of  the  University  of 
Virginia  in  1S71  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that 
year  he  was  admitted  to  the  Virginia  bar  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Staunton. 
He  served  as  city  attorney  and  in  1880-8(5  was 
commonwealth's  attorney.  In  1883  he  was  elected 
to  the  Virginia  house  of  delegates,  and  after  six 
years'  service  in  the  lower  house  he  w.as  elected 
state  senator  from  the  9th  district.  This  position 
he  held  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  district 
for  eight  years.  During  his  career  in  the  general 
assembly  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  de- 
baters in  the  legislative  body.  His  argument  on 
the  Miller  bill  for  regulating  the  sale  of  intoxicat- 
ing liquors  is  a  classic,  and  was  widely  published 
in  Virginia.  In  1897  he  was  elected  by  the  Demo- 
crats lieutenant  governor  of  the  state,  receiving 
an  overwhelming  majority.  For  four  years  he 
served  as  president  of  the  senate.  In  1905  he  was 
again  triumphantly  elected  to  the  state  senate, 
serving  by  re-election  until  his  death,  at  which 
time  he  was  chairman  of  the  finance  committee. 
He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  acumen  and  by  his 
indomitable  efforts  the  chaotic  condition  of  affairs, 
due  to  the  many  intricate  financial  problems,  was 
untangled,  and  the  ensuing  reports  of  the  state 
treasurer  indicated  steady  progress.  He  served  as 
chairman  of  the  special  tax  commission  and  helped 
formulate  the  tax  equalization  plan.  From  190S 
he  had  been  president  pro  tern  of  the  senate.  In 
1875  he  became  a  director  of  the  National  Valley 
Bank,  Staunton;  second  vice-president  in  1888; 
first  vice-president  in  1896,  and  president  in  1905. 
During  the  period  of  his  connection  with  this 
institution  it  developed  into  one  of  the  strongest 
financial  establishments  in  the  South,  while  his 
position  in  financial  circles  had  always  given  to 
the  banking  institutions  of  Staunton  a  strength 
and  standing  they  might  not  have  otherwise  at- 
tained. He  served  on  the  Democratic  state  central 
committee  during  1883-96;  from  1900  until  his 


ED\YARD  ECHOLS 


CHRIST!  >H  IKK  P.  POPPEXHEIM 
MERCHANT 


WILLIAM   H.  PLUMER 

MERCHANT 


XOR.MAN  W.  EVANS 
RANKER 


EDWARD  R.  ADAMS 

MERCHANT  AND  BANKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


183 


death,  and  from  1896  was  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  that  body.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
in  which  he  held  all  chairs,  and  also  held  member- 
ship in  various  legal  associations,  clubs,  etc.  His 
favorite  pursuit  was  bunting  deer  in  the  mountains 
of  Virginia  or  the  forests  of  Canada.  He  was 
interested  in  religious  welfare  work,  and  in  his  will 
[provided  benefactions  for  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  Staunton,  and  the  Stonewall 
Brigade  (brass)  Band,  of  that  city.  In  his  private 
life  he  was  one  of  the  kindliest  of  men.  Quiet  and 
dignified  always,  yet  he  was  warm-hearted  and 
generous,  and  his  private  charities  were  as  wide 
as  his  knowledge  of  need.  As  a  public  official  he 
exhibited  the  same  qualities  that  characterized  him 
as  man  and  private  citizen.  Legislative  associates 
Icnew  him  as  a  true  friend,  a  gentleman  of  the 
highest  integrity,  one  gifted  with  a  keen  perception 
of  the  right,  and  one  who  observed  principles  to 
the  end.  No  man  in  the  Virginia  legislature  of  his 
day  was  more  respected.  He  was  married  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  June  5,  1895,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Col.  John  YToung,  of  Louisville,  and  had  two  chil- 
dren: Harriet  and  John  Echois.  He  died  at 
Staunton,  Va.,  Dec.  19,  1914. 

POPPENHEIM.  Christopher  Pritchard,  sol- 
dier and  merchant,  was  born  at  Gallant  Hill  planta- 
tion, Berkeley  co.,  S.  C.,  Dec.  10,  1839,  son  of  John 
Frederick  and  Aphra  Ann  (Pritchard)  Poppen- 
heim,  grandson  of  John  and  his  wife  Mary  (Bou- 
knight)  Poppenheim,  and  great  grandson  of  Lewis 
Poppenheim,  a  native  of  Bavaria,  and  a  soldier  of 
fortune  in  the  British  army;  he  came  with  the 
troops  in  1776,  accompanied  the  army  to  Charles- 
ton in  17SO,  and  when  that  city  was  evacuated  by 
the  British  he  remained  there,  purchasing  rice 
lands  on  Goose  creek,  in  the  parish  of  St.  James. 
Both  his  sou  and  grandson  were  likewise  planters. 
The  latter,  John  Frederick  Poppenheim,  was 
graduated  at  the  Mc-dical  College  of  the  State 
of  South  Carolina,  in  1829,  was  a  dominant 
factor  in  public  affairs,  a  pioneer  in  promot- 
ing good  roads,  assisted  in  developing  plans  for 
high  schools  for  girls  in  Charleston,  and  repre- 
sented Charleston  county  in  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives.  Christopher  Pritchard 
Poppenheim  was  educated  in  private  schools  in 
Charleston,  and  in  January,  1861,  he  became  a 
volunteer  in  the  service  of  his  native  state,  being 
present  at  the  reduction  of  Fort  Sumter.  In  May 
he  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  private  in 
Co.  A,  of  the  celebrated  Hampton  Legion,  with 
which  he  served  in  both  fights  at  Manassas,  at 
Yorktown,  Elkins'  Landing,  Seven  Pines,  Gaines' 
Mill,  Cold  Harbor,  Malvern  Hill,  Thoroughfare 
Oap,  Boonesborough  Gap,  Sharpsburg,  where  he 
was  wounded  while  carrying  the  colors;  Deep 
Bottom,  Lanier  Station,  Knoxville.  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  Chickamauga.  For  conspicuous  gallantry 
on  the  Maryland  field  he  was  promoted  sergeant. 
At  Deep  Bottom  he  was  selected  as  one  of  a  picked 
company  to  engage  the  Federals  under  Dix  and 
cover  the  retreat  of  Gen.  Daniel  H.  Hill  to  Peters- 
burg. With  the  disorganization  of  agricultural 
labor  in  the  South  after  the  war,  and  with  a 
chattered  arm.  he  left  the  plantation  and  in  1866 
established  a  hardware  business  in  Charleston, 
which  he  conducted  successfully  until  his  death, 
tho  first  of  his  family  to  venture  into  commercial 
lite.  He  war  a  member  of  the  Carolina  Art  Asso- 
ciation; United  Confederate  Veterans;  Charleston 
Club,  Charleston,  and  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 
He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  hunting,  driving, 
chess,  whist,  travel,  studies  in  literature,  and  the 


society  of  his  friends  and  family.  Independent  in 
thought  and  action,  energetic,  quick  of  wit,  gener- 
ous, progressive,  reserved  with  strangers,  devoted 
to  family,  city  and  state,  these  were  the  character- 
istics which  endeared  him  to  all.  He  was  married 
at  "Bouknight's  Ferry"  (plantation),  Edgefirld 
CO.,  S.  C.,  Nov.  24,  1866,  to  Mary  Elinor,  daughter 
of  William  Bouknight,  a  cotton  planter;  she  died 
Sept.  8,  1915;  four  children  survive:  Mary  Barnett, 
vice-president  of  the  Vassar  Students  Association 
and  president  general  United  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy;  Louisa  Bouknight,  president  of  the 
Vassar  Students  Association  and  chairman  of  the 
Charleston  Playground  Commission;  Ida  Huiet, 
wife  of  Daniel  Ravenel,  Charleston,  and  Christie 
Hamilton,  wife  of  Hugh  Miller,  Richmond,  Va. 
He  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  May  30,  1901. 

PLUMER,  William  Henry,  merchant  tailor 
and  clothier,  was  born  at  Goffstown,  N.  H.,  Jan. 
24,  1831,  son  of  John  and  Mary  (McFerson) 
Plumer.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Francis  Plumer,  who  came  from  Woolwich, 
England,  about  16:>3,  and  settled  at  Newbury, 
Mass.  From  him  and  his  1st  wife  Ruth  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Samuel  and  his 
wife  Mary  Bitfield;  their  sou  Ephraim  and  his 
wife  Hannah  Jacques;  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Hannah  Burpee;  their  son  Thomas  and  his  2nd 
wife  Ruth  Dole,  and  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Nancy  Bayley,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Wil- 
liam Henry  Plumer.  Francis  Plumer,  colonist,  was 
made  freeman  in  Boston  in  1634;  he  was  one  of 
the  original  grantees  of  Newbury,  where  he  was 
licensed  by  the  general  court  to  conduct  a  tavern. 
John  Plumer,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer 
and  dairyman  of  Goffstown.  To  this  family  be- 
longed Gov.  William  Plumer  (q.v.),  of  Epping, 
N.  H.,  who  was  one  of  the  few  chief  executives  of 
that  state  to  win  a  seat  in  the  U.  S.  senate.  Wil- 
liam Henry  Plumer  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  and  in  1848  became  a  clerk  in  the  clothing 
store  of  his  brother,  John  Plumer  at  Manchester, 
N.  H.  In  1855  he  formed  a  partnership  in  the 
clothing  business  with  Henry  Chandler,  this  rela- 
tion continuing  twenty  years.  With  Maurice  A. 
Holton,  in  1878,  he  organized  the  custom  tailoring 
firm  of  Plumer  &  Holton,  which  became  known 
throughout  the  state.  In  1908  the  firm  was  dis- 
solved and  for  some  years  thereafter  the  business 
was  conducted  as  W.  H.  Plumer  &  Co.,  his  son 
William  Steele  Plumer,  being  his  partner.  Later 
the  firm  was  sold  to  William  Hadcock.  He  held 
the  Knight  Templar  degree  in  Masonry;  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics 
was  a  stanch  Republican.  He  was  an  honored, 
upright  and  Christian  merchant  of  the  old  school. 
He  was  married  July  12,  1864,  to  Charlotte,  daugh- 
ter of  Jesse  Cheney,  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  by 
whom  he  is  survived  with  one  son:  William  Steele 
Plumer.  He  died  at  Manchester,  N.  H.,  Julv  25, 
1915. 

EVANS.  Norman  West,  banker,  was  born  at 
Minerva,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  28,  1852,  son  of  Richard 
Lindsay  and  Cynthia  (West)  Evans,  and  grandson 
of  Robert  Kingsley  Evans,  who  came  from  Ross 
Crea,  Ireland,  in  1800,  and  settled  in  New  York 
city.  His  father  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
and  timber  business,  owning  at  one  time  several 
thousand  acres  of  what  is  now  the  Adirondack 
Forest  Preserve.  Norman  West  Evans  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Bryant 
&  Stratton  's  Commercial  College,  Troy.  His  youth 
was  spent  on  the  paternal  farm,  and  as  a  cle'rk  in 
the  village  store  at  Minerva.  He  afterwards  en- 
gaged independently  in  the  mercantile  business  at 


184 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


that  place,  forming  a  partnership  with  his  brother, 
Alanson  Evans.  In  1879  he  removed  to  Dover, 
Minn.,  where  two  of  his  brothers  were  engaged  in 
business.  Later  he  became  a  merchant  at  Bloom- 
ing Prairie,  Minn. ;  then  a  shoe  merchant  at  Sioux 
Falls,  S.  D.,  and  in  1890  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
business  at  Owatonna,  Minn.  In  1898  he  began  his 
career  as  a  banker  by  purchasing  a  private  bank 
at  Dodge  Center,  where  he  also  conducted  a  real 
estate  business.  In  1902  he  organized  the  National 
Farmers'  Bank  of  Dodge  Center.  Two  years  later 
he  purchased  a  large  interest  and  became  a  director 
in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Owatonna,  and  in 
1907  in  association  with  his  son,  Paul  H.  Evans, 
purchased  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Security 
State  Bank,  Owatonna,  and  became  its  president, 
which  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  a  Mason  and  Knight  Templar,  and  a  member 
aNo  of  the  Modern  Woodmen,  and  of  the  Com- 
mercial Club.  For  nine  years  he  was  a  trustee  of 
the  First  Congregational  Church.  He  was  a  fine 
example  of  successful  American  manhood,  having 
by  hard  work,  frugality  and  honesty  attained  the 
highest  rank  of  honor  and  trust  in  his  community. 
Ever  active  in  public  affairs  and  in  social  life  he 
was  a  leader  in  every  movement  looking  toward  the 
growth,  prosperity  and  betterment  of  Owatonna. 
His  attitude  toward  all  fellow  beings  was  ever  one 
of  courteous  kindness  and  good  cheer.  He  pos- 
sessed strong  convictions,  and  was  fearless  in  his 
stand  for  what  he  believed  to  be  right.  He  was 
married  Feb.  7,  1875,  to  Helena  M.,  daughter  of 
Commodore  Henry  Bradley,  of  Olmstedville,  N.  Y. ; 
she  survives  him  with  two  sons:  Paul  H.  and 
Robert  K.  Evans.  He  died  at  Owatonna,  -Minn., 
June  11,  1915. 

ADAMS,  Edward  Koscoe,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  in  Bangor,  Me.,  Aug.  11,  I860, 
son  of  James  and  Addie  (Sampson)  Adams,  graud- 
son  of  Isaac  and  Sybil  (Drew)  Adams,  and  great 
grandson  of  Joshua  and  Hannah  Whitney  (Brown) 
Adams.  Isaac  Adams  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
and  a  colonel  in  the  Maine  militia.  The  father  of 
OVLT  subject  was  a  founder  with  his  brother, 
Sprague  Adams,  of  the  S.  &  J.  Adams  company  in 
1859;  served  three  terms  as  alderman,  and  was 
elected  state  senator  on  the  Eepublican  ticket  in 
1899  and  1890.  The  sou  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  high  school  of  Bangor.  In  1879 
he  began  his  business  career  in  his  father  'a  dry 
goods  store,  gradually  learning  every  detail  of  the 
business,  including  that  of  traveling  salesman  until 
in  11105,  he  became  general  manager  and  treasurer 
of  the  firm  which,  after  various  changes  in  style, 
.became  known  as  the  Adams  Dry  Goods  Co.  Under 
his  skillful  direction  the  enterprise  developed  and 
prospered  until  it  now  holds  a  leading  position 
among  the  wholesale  houses  of  Maine.  His  strict 
code  of  business  morals  and  his  high  sense  of  in- 
tegrity were  maintained  in  all  transactions  of  the 
house  and  were  in  a  large  degree  responsible  for 
its  success.  Apart  from  his  connection  with  the 
Adams  Dry  Goods  Co.  he  had  other  important 
business  interests.  He  succeeded  his  father  as  vice- 
president  of  the  Eastern  Trust  &  Banking  Co., 
Bangor;  was  part  owner  of  the  Adams-Day  Block 
and  the  Adams  Block  in  Bangor;  was  trustee  of 
the  Bangor  Savings  Bank  and  a  director  of  the 
Bangor  Real  Estate  Co.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Bangor.  At  all 
times  he  was  ready  and  willing  to  assist  his  fellow 
man,  and  no  one  appealed  to  him  in  vain  for 
financial  aid  or  business  advice.  He  was  keenly 
interested  in  yachting  and  was  one  of  the  first 


members  of  the  Bangor  Yacht  Club,  of  which  he 
was  at  one  time  commodore.  He  was  also  promi- 
nent in  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  having  held  the 
highest  office  in  the  local  lodge.  He  was  married, 
June  29,  1886,  to  Florence  M.,  daughter  of  Warren 
A.  Bragg,  of  Bangor,  who  survives  him  with  five 
children:  Marjorie;  Hazel;  Everett  L.;  James  W., 
and  Lydia  Adams.  He  died  at  Bangor,  Me.,  Dec. 
11,  1915.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 

SITTON,  Charles  Edward,  druggist,  was  born 
in  Yamhill  county,  Ore.,  July,  6,  1848,  oldest  son 
of  Nathan  Koontz  and  Priscilla  (Rogers)  Sitton. 
His  father  was  an  honored  pioneer  of  Oregon,  hav- 
ing settled  in  that  state  in  1843.  The  son  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Willamette 
University,  Salem,  Ore.,  and  when  twenty-one  years 
of  age  removed  to  Portland.  There  he  entered  the 
store  of  S.  G.  Skidmore  to  learn  the  drug  busi- 
ness, and  such  was  his  trustworthiness,  diligence 
and  easy  adaptability  to  all  branches  of  the  trade 
that  he  obtained  rapid  promotion  until,  in  1872, 
he  was  admitted  as  a  partner.  In  1883,  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Skidmore,  he  became  sole  owner  and 
manager  of  the  business.  Progressive  in  his  busi- 
ness methods,  his  establishment  was  always  well 
appointed,  his  patrons  courteously  treated,  and  a 
just  equivalent  returned  to  them  for  their  ex- 
penditure. Thus  he  rose  to  prominence  in  business 
circles,  and  was  esteemed  and  honored  by  all  with 
whom  he  came  in  contact.  His  fellow  citizens  re- 
garded him  with  such  confidence  and  respect  that 
his  connection  with  any  business  undertaking  was 
a  guarantee  of  its  stability  and  success.  So  great 
was  his  force  of  character,  and  so  balanced  his 
judgment,  that  he  never  failed  to  carry  forward  to 
completion  whatever  he  undertook  to  do.  In  all 
his  affairs  he  was  invariably  guided  by  a  sense 
of  justice  and  truth,  and  his  influence  was  always 
on  the  side  of  progress  and  righteousness.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Water  Commission,  a  trustee  of 
the  Skidmore  Fountain  Fund  and  of  the  Library 
Association,  and  heartily  and  generously  co- 
operated in  all  movements  for  the  benefit  of  the 
city  in  which  he  had  great  interest  and  pride.  He 
was  prominent  in  the  Masonic  order,  was  a  Knight 
Templar  in  the  York  rite  and  the  thirty-second 
degree  in  the  Scottish  rite,  and  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Odd  Fellows,  serving  one  term  as  grand- 
master. In  religion  he  was  a  Unitarian.  Mr.  Sit- 
ton left  behind  him  an  example  of  highest  integ- 
rity, strong  affection,  and  public-spirited  and 
philanthropic  citizenship  that  will  long  endure. 
He  was  twice  married:  (1)  Sept.  2,  1872,  to  Ada, 
sister  of  S.  G.  Skidmore  of  Portland,  Ore.,  and 
they  had  one  child,  a  son,  who  died  in  infancy; 
Mrs.  Sittou  died  in  November,  1873,  and  he  was 
married  (2),  Feb.  1,  1880,  to  Lefie  W.,  daughter 
of  L.  A.  Spaulding,  of  Portland,  who  survives  him. 
Mr.  Sitton  died  in  Portland,  Ore.,  April  19,  1890. 

IKWIN,  Lucian  James,  railway  official,  was 
born  at  Abbeville,  Miss.,  May  5,  1867,  son  of 
.lames  Black  and  Leonora  (Leva!)  Irwin.  The 
Irwin  family  came  originally  from  Scotland. 
James  Black  Irwin,  father  of  our  subject,  was  a 
professor  at  Oxford  College,  Miss.,  until  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war,  in  which  he  served  under 
Gen.  Forrest,  but  was  captured  and  held  prisoner 
in  Fort  Delaware  for  almost  three  years;  at  the 
close  of  the  war  he  entered  the  railway  service 
continuing  until  age  compelled  him  to  retire.  Our 
subject's  paternal  grandmother,  Margaret  Black 
Witherspoon,  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Dr.  John 
Witherspoon,  president  of  Princeton  University 
and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence in  1776.  Lucian  James  Irwin  attended 


£>,   \sLcLJ 


LUCIAN  J.  IRWIN 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


WILSOX  M.  POWELL 
LAWYER 


THOMAS  HITCHCOCK 
JOURNALIST 


WALTER  HOWE 
SOLDIER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


185 


Southwestern  University,  C'larksville,  Tenn.,  and  in 
1883  entered  the  office  of  the  agent  of  the  St. 
Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  .Railway.  The  following 
year  he  accepted  a  place  with  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  as  clerk  and  telegraph  operator  at  Grand 
Junction,  Tenn.  Two  years  later  lie  became  clerk 
in  the  general  freight  office  of  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad  at  Louisville,  and  in  May,  1891, 
he  was  chosen  agent  for  the  Cumberland  Gap 
Despatch,  a  line  operated  jointly  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  and  Norfolk  &  Western  roads,  with 
headquarters  at  Louisville.  In  1894  he  became 
traveling  freight  agent,  ami  the  following  year  he 
was  made  Western  agent  for  the  Cumberland  Gap 
Despatch,  with  headquarters  at  Jersey  City.  He 
was  appointed  agent  for  the  Cumberland  Gap 
Despatch  at  Chicago  in  1897,  and  in  1899,  became 
general  freight  and  passenger  agent  of  the  Hen- 
derson route  in  Louisville.  In  less  than  one  year 
he  produced  such  good  results  that  competitive 
lines  realized  a  new  force  was  in  operation.  Mr. 
Irwin  continued  in  this  office  until  April,  1908, 
when  he  was  promoted  to  general  superintendent, 
and  in  August,  1909,  became  president  and  general 
manager.  He  was  one  of  the  most  highly  esteemed 
men  in  the  commercial  life  of  Louisville  and  the 
entire  state.  In  business  be  was  aggressive,  but 
ever  fair  and  reasonable,  and  in  private  life 
sympathetic  and  sociable,  retaining  the  good  will 
and  high  regard  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Tavern,  Louisville  Country  and  Pen- 
dennis  clubs,  of  which  latter  he  was  president  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  married  Dec.  6,  1911,  to 
Mrs.  Emily  Ward  Gilmore,  daughter  of  Matt  F. 
Ward.  She  survives  him  with  one  daughter  by  her 
first  marriage:  Clara  Ward,  wife  of  John  Deere 
Gary.  Mr.  Irwin  died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Dec.  31, 
1914. 

POWELL,  Wilson  Marcy,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Chatham,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
7.  1834,  son  of  Henry  J.  and  Judith  (Rider) 
Powell,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Powell  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Wales  and  settled  on 
Long  Island  in  1652;  from  him  the  line  is  traced 
through  his  son  Thomas  and  the  latter 's  wife  Mary 
Willets;  their  son  Moses  and  his  wife  Catherine 
Hallock;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Kipp ;  and  their  son  Jacob  and  his  wife  Martha 
Yarwood,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Wilson  M. 
Powell.  He  received  his  preparatory  education 
at  Nine  Partners  School,  Nine  Partners,  Dutchess 
co.(  N.  Y.,  at  Fairfield  Academy,  Fairfield,  N.  Y., 
at  Lowrille  Academy,  Lowville,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Union  College  with  the  degree  of 
B.  A.  in  1859.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  Roscoe  Coukling,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  and 
six  months  later  entered  the  office  of  Mead  &  Taft, 
New  York  city.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

1861  establishing  an  office  in  New  York  city  in 

1862  where   he   practiced   law   continuously   until 
March,  1913.     His  practice,  though  diversified,  was 
largely  taken  up  with  the  affairs  of  charitable  in- 
stitutions and  estates.   He  first  introduced  in  this 
state  and  developed  the  defence  of  charitable  in- 
stitutions against  negligence  actions.   Among  other 
institutions,  he  represented  the  Society  of  the  New 
York  Hospital,  the  Religious  Society  of  Friends, 
the  Women's  Prison  Association,  the  Isaac  T.  Hop- 
per  Home   and   other   charities.   He   drew   the   law 
for  the  establishment  of  the  Bedford  Reformatory, 
and   later,   the  law   for   the  establishment  of  the 
State   Farm   for   Women,   and   drew  most   of  the 
laws  relating  to  the  police  matron  system  in  New 
York   city.      He   was   a   trustee   of   many   estates 
and  had  much  to  do  with  the  real  estate  develop- 


ment of  the  city  of  New  York.  For  many  years 
In-  was  manager  of  Swarthmore  College,  near  Phila- 
delphia, and  a  trustee  of  the  Franklin  Savings 
Bank.  He  was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the 
New  York  Bar  Association;  first  vice-president 
of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
children,  on  which  board  he  served  for  more  than 
forty  years;  member  of  the  New  York  Historical 
Society;  American  Geographical  Society;  Metro- 
politan Museum  of  Art ;  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History;  Alpha  Delta  Phi  and  Lawyers' 
clubs,  of  New  York  city;  charter  member  of  the 
Union  Chapter  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  and  mem- 
ber of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  college  fraternities;  and 
a  birthright  member  of  the  religious  Society  of 
Friends,  and  for  many  years  treasurer  of  some 
of  the  funds  of  the  New  York  Monthly 
Meeting.  He  was  married,  June  11,  1861,  to 
Sarah  Hopper,  daughter  of  Samuel  Brown  of  Wil- 
liamsburg,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Powell  is  survived  by 
three  children:  Rachel  Hopper;  Wilson  Marcy,  a 
lawyer;  and  Elsie  Powell,  wife  of  Edward  In- 
graham.  He  died  in  New  York  City,  May  22, 
1915. 

HITCHCOCK.  Thomas,  lawyer,  journalist  and 
author,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  1,  1831, 
son  of  William  Reynolds  and  Elithea  Sands  (Lock- 
wood)  Hitchcock,  and  a  descendant  of  Matthias 
Hitchcock,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  and  settled  near  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in 

1635 ;  from  him  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 

the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son 
Eliakim  and  his  wife  Sarah  Merrick;  their  son 

J  useph  and  his  wife  Rebecca ;  their 

son  John  and  his  wife  Mindwell  Rundle;  and  their 
son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Clemence  Reynolds,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  father  removed  to  New  York  city  at 
the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  and  there 
amassed  a  considerable  fortune  in  the  mercantile 
business.  Thomas  Hitchcock  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  public  and  private  schools 
in  New  York  city,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1849.  He 
then  studied  for  two  years  at  the  Law  School  of 
Harvard  University;  traveled  two  years  in  Europe, 
and  in  1853  began  the  practice  of  law  in  New 
York,  where  he  soon  gained  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion. His  clients  included  Alexander  T.  Stewart, 
for  whom  he  administered  extensive  real  estate  in- 
terests. In  1865  he  accepted  the  editorship  of  the 
"New  Jerusalem  Messenger,"  the  organ  of  the 
Swedenborgian  denomination  or  New  Church,  with 
which  he  had  been  identified  since  1848.  This 
work  led  to  a  close  association  with  Charles  A. 
Dana  (q.  v.)  who,  on  purchasing  the  New  York 
"Sun"  in  1867,  invited  him  to  become  his  associate 
in  that  enterprise.  For  many  years  he  was  treas- 
urer of  the  company  publishing  that  newspaper, 
and  as  an  associate  editor  was  a  constant  writer 
for  that  journal  on  literary,  political  and  financial 
topics.  His  weekly  financial  articles,  signed 
' '  Matthew  Marshall, ' '  which  appeared  in  the 
"Sun,"  attracted  wide  attention,  and  those  on 
society  were  quite  as  widely  read  and  as  much  dis- 
cussed. He  was  born  at  a  time  when  New  York 
was  a  small  and  close-knit  community,  and  in  his 
later  days  when  the  city  had  grown  to  vast  pro- 
portions, he  did  not  forget  his  early  training,  or 
lose  his  community  point  of  view.  He  sold  his 
interest  in  the  "Sun"  in  1899,  and  withdrew  from 
all  other  active  affairs.  He  published  a  volume  of 
biographical  studies,  entitled,  "Unhappy  Loves  of 
Men  of  Genius"  (1891).  His  political  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  aside  from  his 


186 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


literary  work  he  found  his  chief  recreation  at  the 
Century  Club.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design,  and  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art.  He  was  s.  man  of  many  sides,  a 
patron  of  music  and  art,  and  for  years  had  a 
parterre  box  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House. 
His  conversation  abounded  in  vigor,  fire  and  viva- 
city, while  in  his  writings  there  was  strength  in 
his  positive  opinions,  his  cogent  statements,  his 
remorseless  logic,  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the. 
persons  and  things  he  discussed.  He  was  married 
Apr.  1,  1855,  to  Maria  Louise,  daughter  of  Asa  H. 
Center  of  New  York  city,  and  their  living  children 
are:  Francis  Reynolds  and  Thomas  Hitchcock,  Jr. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  23,  1910. 

HOWE,  Walter,  soldier,  was  born  at  Bloom- 
ington,  Ind.,  Dee.  31,  1846,  son  of  James  Mont- 
gomery Allison  Higgins  and  Mary  Prances 
(Graham)  Howe.  His  father  was  a  merchant 
and  farmer.  Walter  Howe  received  his  prelimin- 
ary education  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools 
of  his  native  city  and  the  University  of  Indiana, 
and  was  graduated  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 
West  Point,  in  1867,  being  commissioned  2d  lieut- 
enant in  the  4th  U.  S.  artillery.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant  in  1S72 ;  was  graduated  at  the 
artillery  school,  Ft.  Monroe,  in  1873,  and  in 
1801  became  a  captain.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  war  he  served  as  colonel  of  the  47th 
U.  S.  Inf.  Vols.  and  in  1901  became  a  major  in 
the  artillery  corps.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  1902;  colonel  in  1904,  and  was  retired 
with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  1910.  Gen. 
Howe  served  on  frontier  duty  successively  at  Ft. 
Harker,  Kan.,  Ft.  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  Drum 
Creek,  Kan.,  and  Ft.  Eiley,  Kan.,  to  1869;  in  gar- 
rison at  Ft.  Delaware,  Del.,  Ft.  Macon,  N.  C., 
and  Ft.  Monroe,  Va.  He  was  then  in  the  field 
in  California  and  in  garrison  afterward  at  the 
Presidio,  San  Francisco,  and  Alcatraz  Island,  Cal., 
and  on  frontier  duty  at  Camp  Eobinson,  Neb.  Dur- 
ing 1877-80  he  was  professor  of  military  science 
at  Pennsylvania  State  College.  He  then  returned 
to  garrison  duty  at  Fort  Point,  Cal.,  and  Ft. 
Canby,  Wash.;  Madison  Barracks,  N.  Y.,  and  Ft. 
Warren,  Mass.,  and  was  stationed  at  Mt.  Mc- 
Gregor, N.  Y.,  for  a  brief  period  during  the  last 
days  of  Gen.  Grant,  in  1885.  He  was  then  de- 
tailed successively  to  Ft.  Snelling,  Minn.,  Ft. 
Trumbull,  Conn.,  and  Ft.  McPherson,  Ga.  In  1889 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  military  science  at 
Cornell  College,  Mt.  Yernon,  la.  In  1868  he 
served  in  the  Indian  wars  with  Sheridan  and  Cus- 
ter;  participated  in  the  Modoe  war  of  1873,  and 
in  the  Powder  river  campaign  commanded  two 
hundred  friendly  Indians  under  Gen.  Crook.  Dur- 
ing the  Spanish-American  war  he  was  in  command 
of  Ft.  Washington  and  Sheridan  's  Point,  Md.,  and 
in  1898  was  appointed  chief  mustering  officer  for 
Connecticut.  In  1899  he  sailed  for  the  Philip- 
pines in  command  of  the  47th  infantry,  which 
participated  in  353  engagements,  and  he  was  per- 
sonally placed  in  command  of  the  provinces  of 
Albay  and  Sorogon  while  on  duty  in  the  Philip- 
pines. Early  in  1910  he  was  placed  in  temporary 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  East,  with 
headquarters  at  Governor's  Island,  New  York  har- 
bor. He  was  a  member  of  the  Army  and  Nary 
Club,  New  York  city;  the  Army  and  Navy  and 
Chevy  Chase  Clubs,  Washington,  and  of  Washing- 
ton branch  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion. He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  chess,  golf 
and  whist.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Eepublicau  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  When  he  retired  he  took 


up  his  residence  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was 
married  Sept.  21,  1869,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Dunn,  a  grain  broker  of  Bloomington, 
Ind.;  she  survives  him,  with  3  children:  Walter 
Dunn,  district  judge  of  El  Paso,  Tex.;  George 
Maxwell,  professor  of  German  at  the  College  of 
Colorado,  and  Alfred  Graham  Howe,  Lt.  Comdr., 
U.  S.  N.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Nov.  9th, 
1915.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 

KEUFFEL.  Wilhelm  Johann  Diedrich,  manu- 
facturer, was  oorn  at  "Walbeck,  Germany,  July  19, 
1838,  son  of  Gottfried  C.  A.  and  Auguste  (Walter) 
Keuff el.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  his  native  town.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
left  school  and  became  an  apprentice  in  a  general 
merchandise  store,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
and  received  a  thorough  mercantile  and  business 
training  which  fitted  him  for  his  later  successful 
career.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  a  large  hard- 
ware house  in  Hanover,  Germany.  Several  years  later 
he  went  to  Birmingham,  England,  and  in  1866 
came  to  the  United  States,  settling  at  Hoboken, 
N.  J.,  where  in  the  following  year,  in  association 
with  Hermann  Esser,  he  founded  the  firm  of 
Keutfel  &  Esser.  Drafting  was  at  that  time  in  its 
infancy  in  the  United  States,  and  Mr.  Keuffel  soon 
appreciated  its  importance  in  relation  to  the  phe- 
nomenal development  of  American  manufacturing 
and  engineering  enterprise.  To  supply  all  the  re- 
quirements, in  office  and  field,  of  the  surveyor,  en- 
gineer, architect  and  draftsman  and  make  a  spe- 
cialty of  this  business  was  the  purpose  of  the  new 
firm,  and  Mr.  Keuffel  can  well  be  called  the  pioneer 
in  this  line,  because  up  to  1867  drafting  supplies 
had  not  been  carried  exclusively  by  any  house  in 
this  country.  The  business  was  successful  from  the 
beginning,  and  in  1870  the  firm  published  its  first 
catalogue  of  drawing  and  surveying  instruments, 
which  became  a  standard.  The  house  has  become 
the  largest  in  its  line  in  the  world;  the  main  store 
in  New  York  city  is  a  model  establishment,  where 
every  requisite  of  the  engineer  and  draftsman  can 
be  found,  and  where  unusual  facilities  are  afforded 
for  examining  and  testing  the  many  delicate  in- 
struments of  precision  included  in  this  line.  There 
are  branch  stores  in  Chicago,  111.;  St.  Louis,  Mo.; 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  Montreal,  Canada ;  and  the 
factories  at  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  cover  over  five  and  a 
half  acres  of  floor  space.  The  business  which  Mr. 
Keuffel  established  in  1867,  when  only  he  and  his 
partner  comprised  the  entire  force,  employed  at 
the  time  of  his  death  about  1,000  hands.  His  great 
success  was  due  to  his  untiring  energy,  his  far- 
seeing  understanding  of  the  needs  and  possibili- 
ties of  his  business,  his  indomitable  will  to  over- 
come obstacles,  and  his  enthusiasm,  which  en- 
abled him  to  call  forth  the  best  efforts  of  those 
working  .under  him.  The  business  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1889,  with  Mr.  Keuffel  as  president,  and 
he  continued  as  such  until  his  death.  In  1902  Mr. 
Esser  retired  and  Mr.  Keuffel  acquired  his  interest 
so  that  the  letter's  estate  now  holds  all  the  com- 
mon stock  of  the  company,  which  is  capitalized  for 
$1,000,000.  Mr.  Keuffel  took  a  great  deal  of  in- 
terest in  public  and  social  affairs  in  New  York 
and  Hoboken,  and  was  a  member  of  a  number  of 
prominent  organizations.  For  many  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Hoboken  Academy  and  for  a 
number  of  years  was  a  trustee  of  the  Manual 
Training  School.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
advisory  board  of  the  German  Hospital  and  Dis- 
pensary. He  was  married  Dec.  26,  1871,  to 
Bertha,  daughter  of  John  Schneeberger  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  had  four  children:  Louise,  wife  of 
Carl  M.  Bernegan,  vice-president  and  treasurer  of 


\Y1LHEOI  J.  D.  KEUFFEL 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHY. 


1ST 


the  Keuffel  &  Esser  Co.;  William  G.,  president  of 
the  Keuffel  &  Esser  Co.;  Ottilie,  wife  of  Eugene 
Busch,  and  Margaret,  wife  of  Karl  Keller,  also  con- 
nected with  the  company.  He  died  at  Hoboken, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  1,  1908. 

FINNEY,  Samuel,  jurist.  Nothing  of  his 
early  history  is  known.  He  \vas  a  sea-captain  and 
settled  in  Philadelphia  about  the  time  of  William 
Penn  's  second  visit  to  his  colony  in  1699,  and  two 
years  later  became  one  of  Mr.  Penn 's  so-called 
' '  councillors  of  state ' '  after  the  new  constitution 
of  1701  was  adopted,  under  which  the  council 
ceased  to  be  a  legislative  body  witn  only  executive 
advisory  power.  In  1702,  Capt.  Finney,  be- 
came a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Penn- 
sylvania, without  "taking  his  degree"  as  a 
county  judge  of  common  pleas.  He  evidently  gave 
much  satisfaction,  for  he  was  reappointed  in  1703, 
1704,  1705,  1706,  1708  and  1710,  his  service  clos- 
ing only  with  the  repeal  of  the  act  of  1710,  in 
1713,  an  unusually  long  period  of  eleven  years. 
Meanwhile  Judge  Fiuuey  was  also  made  a  judge 
of  the  Philadelphia  court  of  common  pleas  in  1704. 
He  was  again  a  councillor  under  Gov.  Evans  in 
1708-9.  Little,  however,  seems  to  be  known  of  the 
later  years  of  his  life,  except  that  he  died  in  1734. 

MYERS,  William  Shields,  chemist  and  au- 
thor, was  born  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  1866,' 
son  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Shields)  Myers. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Chris- 
tian Myers,  a  native  of  northeast  Lorraine,  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Saarebourg  and  set- 
tled in  New  York  city  in  1710.  His  wife  was  Anna 
Gertrude  Theunjes,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Petrus  and  his 
wife  Mareitje  Louw;  their  son  Petrus  Louw  and 
his  wife  Neeltje  Osterhoud,  to  their  son  Ephrnim 
and  his  wife  Maria  Sagendorf,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  William  S.  Myers.  Sons  and 
grandsons  of  Christian  Myers,  settler,  to  the  num- 
ber of  twenty-five,  served  in  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion. On  the  maternal  side  the  subject  is  descend- 
ed from  William  Shields,  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 
Irish  revolution  of  1798.  Benjamin  Myers,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer  and  lumberman.  The 
sou  received  his  preliminary  education  at  Albany 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  Rutgers  Col- 
lege in  1889  with  the  degree  B.Sc.,  receiving  the 
degree  M.Sc.  from  that  institution  in  1S94,  and 
that  of  D.Sc.  in  1908.  After  his  studies  he  chose 
chemistry  as  his  profession,  and  during  1888-89 
was  assistant  chemist  at  the  New  Jersey  Experi- 
ment Station.  In  1890-92  he  studied  at  Munich 
and  in  Berlin  under  von  Hofman,  and  under  Sir 
William  Ramsay  at  the  University  of  London. 
He  was  then  offered  a  post  in  Sir  William  Earn- 
say 's  chemical  laboratory,  being  his  first  American 
student.  Upon  his  return  to  America  he  engaged 
as  chemist  with  the  Lister  Chemical  Works,  for 
one  year.  In  1893-1901  he  was  associate  professor 
of  chemistry  at  Rutgers  College,  and  throughout  the 
same  period  was  chemist  for  the  geological  survey 
of  New  Jersey.  Since  1901  he  has  been  director  for 
the  Chilean  Nitrate  Committee's  work  for  the 
United  States  and  also  member  of  the  Nitrate 
Council  of  Chile.  In  1906  he  was  presented  to  Pres. 
Diaz  of  Mexico  for  the  purpose  of  perfecting  a 
plan  for  agricultural  education  and  an  experiment 
station  system  for  the  republic.  The  erstwhile  presi- 
dent expressed  his  approval  of  the  principles  and 
details  of  the  plan  and  steps  were  taken  by  the  Mex- 
ican government  to  put  them  into  effect,  consider- 
able progress  being  made  in  that  direction  up  to 
the  time  of  the  retirement  of  Diaz,  while  the  foun- 
dations were  also  laid  for  an  excellent  system  of 


scientific  agricultural  development  for  the  country. 
As  a  scientific  author,  he  has  met  with  great  suc- 
cess, and  his  works  on  chemical  subjects  are  re- 
garded as  standard,  several  of  them  being  used  as 
text-books.  His  publications  include:  "Food  for 
Plants";  "Eeview  of  Our  Present  Knowledge  of 
Sodium  Nitrate";  "Cultivation  of  Tobacco"; 
"Cultivation  of  Cotton";  "Cultivation  of  Citrus 
Fruits,"  "Farm  and  Household  Therapy  with 
Iodine ' '  as  well  as  numerous  pamphlets  and  many 
scientific  articles  in  chemical  journals  at  home  and 
abroad.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  Society  of 
Chemical  Industry  of  Great  Britain;  fellow  of  the 
Chemical  Society  of  London,  and  a  member  also 
of  the  British  Association  of  Advanced  Science ; 
American  Chemical  Society;  American  Association 
of  Applied  Science;  Zoological  Society  of  New 
York;  New  York  Botanical  Society;  American 
Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science;  Acad- 
emy of  Political  Science  of  New  York;  National 
Geographic  Society;  Authors'  Club  of  London,  and 
of  the  Traffic,  University,  Chemists',  and  Eco- 
nomic, clubs,  New  York  city.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
Rutgers  College  and  of  the  Okolona  Industrial 
Institute,  Okolona,  Miss.  He  also  holds  member- 
ship in  Chi  Phi  fraternity.  During  1904-06  he  was 
mayor  of  New  Brunswick,  also  president  of  the 
excise  board  of  that  city.  In  1918  he  was  named 
honorary  consul  of  Chile  in  the  United  States. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  application  of 
science  to  practical  farming.  He  was  married 
Sept.  11,  1S89,  to  Annie  Tayler,  daughter  of 
George  H.  Lambert,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  .1.; 
they  have  one  child  [William]  Lambert 
Myers. 

MITCHELL,  William  Thomas,  jurist,  was 
born  at  Middlebury,  Genesee  (now  Wyoming)  co., 
N.  Y.,  May  27,  1817,  sou  of  William"  and  Rachel 
(Parker)  Mitchell.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  John  Mitchell,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land with  Gen.  Burgoyne  's  army.  William 
Mitchell,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  distinguished 
lawyer  of  New  York  state  and  subsequently  be- 
came a  judge,  of  prominence.  William  T.  Mitchell 
received  his  education  in  the  district  schools,  at  a 
local  academy,  and  under  the  instruction  of  his 
father,  with  whom  he  first  read  law.  For  three 
years  he  was  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  establishment, 
but  subsequently  resumed  the  study  of  law, 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Harvey  Putnam, 
of  the  firm  of  Putnam  &  Hoyt,  at  Attica, 
N.  Y.  Upon  attaining  his  majority  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  York,  receiv- 
ing his  diploma  from  his  father,  then  a  judge 
of  common  pleas,  and  at  once  began  practice  at 
Attica.  In  1839  he  removed  to  Lapeer,  Mich., 
where  the  following  year  he  became  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Lapeer  co.  About  this  time  he  be- 
gan the  publication  of  the  Lapeer  "Plain 
Dealer,"  the  first  Democratic  newspaper  published 
in  the  county,  and  it  won  immediate-  recognition. 
Also  in  1840,  he  became  register  of  deeds  for  the 
county.  About  a  year  later  he  went  to  Eomeo, 
Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  where  he  was  likewise  elected 
prosecuting  attorney.  He  formed  a  law  partner- 
ship with  his  brother-in-law,  H.  W.  Williams,  under 
the  firm  style  of  Mitchell  &  Williams,  and  it  be- 
came the  leader  in  the  profession  in  that  section  of 
the  state.  In  1847  he  removed  to  Port  Huron, 
then  a  village,  and  that  community  claimed  him  as 
its  own  for  an  almost  uninterrupted  period  of 
seventy  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
house  of  representatives  in  1853;  served  as  judge 
of  the  16th  judicial  district,  comprising  at  that 
period  the  counties  of  St.  Clair,  Huron,  Sanilae 


188 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


and  Macomb,  in  1869-73;  and  was  U.  S.  com- 
mercial agent  at  St.  Hyacinth,  Que.,  in  1886-89. 
Thereafter  he  resumed  his  law  practice  at  Port 
Huron.  He  became  judge  of  the  St.  Clair  circuit 
by  appointment  in  1891,  and  served  two  years. 
He  held  a  high  place  in  Masonry,  being  past  grand 
master  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Michigan,  and  at  his 
death  the  oldest  grand  master  in  the  country  and 
one  of  the  oldest  Masons  in  the  world.  He  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Grace  Episcopal  Church.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  horticulture.  He  was 
a  true  exponent  of  democracy;  possessed  the  most 
unbounded  confidence  in  his  fellow  men,  and  was 
strongly  opposed  to  aught  that  smacked  of  bigotry 
or  intolerance,  injustice  or  tyranny.  He  was 
faithful  in  every  relation  of  life — to  friends,  fam- 
ily, to  his  profession  and  as  a  public-spirited  citi- 
zen. Self-reliant,  buoyant  in  disposition,  strictly 
upright  in  all  transactions,  he  compelled  unques- 
tionable confidence.  He  was  married  (1)  Oct.  28, 
1839,  to  Adaline  A.,  daughter  of  Charles  Peck,  of 
Attica,  N.  Y.;  she  died  in  1851,  and  he  was  mar- 
ried (2)  at  Jackson,  Mich.,  Jan.  18,  1854,  to 
Fannie  French,  daughter  of  Alonzo  Hosmer,  a 
farmer  of  Ohio;  she  survived  him,  with  one  child 
by  the  first  union :  C'atalina,  wife  of  Frederick  J. 
Bowland,  Ludington,  Mich.;  and  three  children  by 
the  second  union:  Frances,  widow  of  John  Rice, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Rose,  wife  of  Col.  John  Jordan 
Crittenden,  U.S.A.,  and  Emily  Mitchell.  He  died 
at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  Feb.  6,  1916. 

BOIARDI,  John  Peter,  manufacturer  and 
sociologist,  was  born  in  Piacenza,  Italy,  Jan.  17, 
1888.  His  father,  Louis  Boiardi,  brought  the 
family  to  the  United  States  in  1892,  residing  first 
in  New  York  city  and  later  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
returned  to  Italy  where  he  remained  for  a  few 
years,  when  he  again  came  to  this  country,  in 
which  he  has  since  made  his  home.  John  Peter 
Boiardi  was  educated  in  parochial  and  private 
Catholic  schools  in  the  United  States  and  Italy. 
He  first  studied  engineering  and  then  medicine, 
and  finally  turned  his  attention  to  chemistry.  He 
specialized  in  glue,  paints  and  chemicals  and  held 
positions  of  responsibility  with  various  manufac- 
turing firms  in  order  to  learn  business  methods 
and  efficiency.  In  May,  191."!,  he  organized 
the  firm  of  Bayard  &  Co.,  which  was  incor- 
porated the  following  December  and  Mr.  Boiardi 
became  president.  Originally  it  was  a  trading 
company,  and  soon  developed  a  large  foreign  and 
domestic  trade  in  paints,  glue  and  chemicals.  A 
laboratory  was  established  which  was  confined  to 
the  investigation,  experimentation  and  exploita- 
tion of  specialties  in  the  chemical  line.  In  1916 
he  erected  a  plant  at  Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  for 
the  manufacture  of  phenol,  but  it  was  sold  as 
soon  as  it  was  in  successful  operation,  and  another 
factory  was  built  at  Edgewater,  N.  J.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  for  the  manufacture  of  alkaloids 
and  drugs  and  chemicals  in  the  pharmaceutical 
line.  The  Bayard  company  is  devoting  consider- 
able attention  to  plating  supplies,  operating  under 
patents  and  formulae  of  the  Metal  Trading  & 
Equipment  Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Boiardi  is  a  stock- 
holder and  director.  In  19.  .  the  Bayard  Products 
Co.,  which  was  the  selling  company  of  the  manu- 
facturing concern,  was  incorporated,  with  Mr. 
Boiardi,  president;  William  Stetter,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Paul  Gross,  treasurer,  and  A.  Boiardi, 
secretary.  Although  Mr.  Boiardi  is  still  a  very 
young  man,  he  has  achieved  a  commercial  success 
beyond  the  measure  of  his  years.  His  ideas  of 
business  carry  more  extensively  into  practice  the 
theory  of  liberally  sharing  vith  the  employees 


than  has  heretofore  been  done.  The  department 
heads  are  given  a  large  percentage  of  the  net 
profits  of  their  departments  and  all  other  em- 
ployees are  compensated  on  a  like  scale.  The 
theory,  which  has  had  a  fair  trial,  has  already 
demonstrated  its  practicability  to  the  business 
and  economic  world,  and  its  soundness  has  been 
shown  beyond  question.  Having  spent  the  early 
years  of  his  full  and  active  life  in  European 
capitals,  he  is  an  accomplished  linguist  and  a 
thorough  cosmopolitan.  While  of  noble  birth, 
his  phenomenal  commercial  and  economic  achieve- 
ments afford  a  unique  example  of  a  foreign  noble- 
man attaining  signal  success  in  the  business  realm. 
He  is,  however,  in  heart  and  soul  an  American 
citizen,  as  is  sufficiently  evidenced  by  his  having 
chosen  the  American  course  of  financial  inde- 
pendence. His  favorite  diversions  are  tennis, 
motoring  and  horseback  riding.  He  is  unmarried. 
JENKS,  William  Lee,  lawyer  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  St.  Clair,  Mich.,  Dec.  27,  1856,  son 
of  Bela  Whipple  and  Sarah  (Carleton)  Jenks. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Joseph 
Jenks,  who  came  from  England  in  1642  and  set- 
tled at  Lynn,  Mass.  His  wife  was  Esther  Ballard, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  sou  Nathaniel  and  his  wife  Hannah  Bos- 
worth;  their  son  Jonathan  and  his  wife  Mary 
Slack ;  their  son  Jonathan  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Pullen;  their  son  Jeremiah  and  his  wife  Lucy 
Whipple,  to  their  son  Jeremiah  Whipple  (.Jenks) 
and  his  wife  Hester  Lane,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  William  Lee  Jenks.  Joseph  Jenks 
(q.v.),  the  pilgrim,  was  celebrated  as  an  iron- 
maker;  he  invented  the  scythe,  built  the  first  fire 
engine  in  America,  and  made  the  dies  for  the 
famous  "pinetree  shilling;"  his  son  Joseph  (q.v.) 
was  colonial  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  William 
Lee  Jenks  attended  the  public  schools  of  St. 
Clair,  Mich.,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1878  with  the  degree 
A.B.,  receiving  the  honorary  degree  A.M.  from 
that  institution  in  1915.  In  1879  he  began  the 
study  of  law  at  Port  Huron  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  Brown  &  Farrand;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Michigan  in  that  year,  and  in  1880  began 
practice  in  partnership  with  his  cousin  Jeremiah 
W.  Jenks  (q.v.),  who  for  years  occupied  the  chair 
of  political  economy  at  Cornell  University  and 
afterwards  at  New  York  University,  the  firm  being 
known  as  Jenks  &  Jenks.  Upon  the  retirement  of 
Prof.  Jenks  from  the  firm  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  his  preceptor,  Bethuel  C.  Farrand,  as 
Farrand  &  Jenks,  in  1882.  Some  years  later  he 
resigned  from  this  firm  and  became  associated 
with  Alex  R.  Avery  and  Lincoln  Avery,  under 
the  firm  style  of  Avery,  Jenks  &  Avery.  After 
a  few  months,  however,  he  retired  from  that 
firm  and,  in  1891,  formed  the  present  partner- 
ship of  Phillips  &  Jenks,  with  Patrick  H.  Phillips, 
long  rated  as  one  of  the  strongest  firms  in  that 
section  of  the  state.  Throughout  this  period  he  has 
been  general  counsel  for  several  large  commercial 
anil  transportation  companies,  and  his  practice 
is  confined  largely  to  corporation  and  real  estate 
law.  Aside  from  his  professional  activities  he  has 
long  been  a  factor  in  various  industrial  and 
financial  institutions,  and  in  traction  interests. 
In  1S92  he  became  interested  in  the  City  Elec- 
tric Railway  Co.,  Port  Huron,  which  subsequently 
was  extended  in  1899  from  Port  Huron  to  Marine 
City,  and  united  with  the  Rapid  Railway  System.  He 
sold  his  interests  in  1901,  and  the  road  is  now  a 
part  of  the  Detroit  United  railway.  He  is  a  di- 
rector in  the  First  National  Exchange  Bank,  Port 


WILLIAM  T.  MITCHELL 
JURIST 


Id!  IN  P.  BOIARDI 
MANUFACTURER 


WILLIAM  L.  JKXKS 

LAWYER 


WILLIAM  II.  IIOr.BS 
BANKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


189 


Huron,  and  the  Port  Huron  Engine  &  Thresher 
Co.  For  some  years  he  has  devoted  his  leisure 
to  the  investigation  of  local  and  Michigan  histori- 
cal subjects;  has  written  several  articles  published 
in  "Michigan  Historical  Collections"  and  other 
historical  publications ;  a  "  History  of  St.  C'lair 
County,"  also  a  booklet  on  the  first  bank 
in  the  state,  "The  Detroit  Bank,  1806." 
He  was  a  factor  in  securing  an  amendment 
to  the  Port  Huron  city  charter  in  1895  so 
as  to  provide  for  a  city  library,  and  he  has  since 
been  a  member  of  the  public  library  board,  and  for 
some  years  its  president.  Since  1913  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  Historical  Commission 
(president  1914.)  He  is  president  of  the  St. 
('lair  Pioneer  Society;  trustee,  member  of  the 
board  of  historians,  and  past  vice  president  of  the 
Michigan  Pioneer  and  Historical  Society;  and  a 
member  also  of  the  Sous  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, and  of  the  Masonic  lodge,  chapter  and  com- 
mandery.  Aside  from  historical  investigation,  he 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf.  His  political 
affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
married  Aug.  10,  1881,  to  Margaret  S\,  daughter 
of  Moses  D.  Willson,  a  physician  of  Belle  Centre, 
O. ;  they  have  one  child:  Elizabeth  Barbara,  wife 
of  Carl  S.  Lassen. 

HOBBS,  William  Henry,  banker,  was  born  at 
Wells.  Me.,  Mar.  2,  1S46,  son  of  Warwick  and  Har- 
riet (Wheelwright)  Hobbs.  His  father  was  a  mer- 
chant. He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town;  at  Maine  State  Semin- 
ary (now  Bates  College),  Lewistou,  and  at  Gray's 
Commercial  College,  Portland.  After  graduating 
at  the  latter  institution  he  went  to  Bangor  and 
for  three  years  taught  in  a  business  college,  and 
during  the  ensuing  year  was  a  teacher  at  Gray's 
Commercial  College,  Portland.  Later  he  accepted 
a  position  in  the  First  National  Bank,  and  subse- 
quently became  a  bookkeeper  in  the  Traders' 
Bank,  Portland,  in  which  capacity  he  continued 
forty  years,  during  which  period  he  was  also  man- 
ager of  the  Portland  Clearing  House.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  latter  position  after  the  Traders' 
Bank  was  merged  with  the  Fidelity  Trust  Co.,  in 
1910,  and  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
for  years  president  of  the  Young  Men  's  Christian 
Association,  Portland,  and  a  deacon  in  the  Second 
Parish  Church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
amateur  photography,  reading  and  agricultural 
pursuits.  Dignified  and  exceedingly  conscientious, 
he  possessed  an  unusual  love  for  the  beauties  of 
nature.  He  was  particularly  interested  in  youth, 
and  in  the  prohibition  movement  his  activity  was 
unflagging.  He  won  and  retained  the  regard  of 
his  fellow  citizens  because  of  his  sterling  char- 
acter and  his  modest,  unassuming  discharge  of 
all  duties  devolved  upon  him.  He  was  married 
July  18,  1871,  to  Clara  Gardiner,  daughter  of  Wal- 
ter Warren,  of  Wells,  Me.  He  died  at  Portland, 
Me.,  Nov.  4,  1915.  (Portrait  opposite  page  188.) 

EVANS,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.,  in  1728,  sou  of  John  and  Jane 
(Howell)  Evans  of  Welsh  descent.  His  father 
was  a  large  landowner  in  both  Pennsylvania  and 
Delaware.  Young  Evans  was  given  a  classical 
education  and  before  reaching  his  majority  began 
the  study  of  law.  In  1749  he  was  admitted  to 
Hie  bar  of  Chester  county,  and  being  a  wealthy 
man  and  one  of  the  biggest  slave-owners  in  the 
county,  was  soon  one  of  her  first  citizens.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  first  in  Chester  county  to 
lead  in  the  movements  culminating  in  the  revolu- 
tion and  was  one  of  the  local  committee  of 
safety.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  state  gov- 


ernment under  the  constitution  of  1776,  he  was 
made  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania  on  Aug.  16,  1777  and  was  elected 
to  the  council  of  censors,  serving  with  distinction 
in  both  positions.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  in  1777,  but  resigned  that  post 
when  he  became  a  member  of  the  supreme  bench. 
His  service  on  that  bench  for  six  years  and  his 
character  generally  were  so  highly  regarded  that 
Dr.  Rush  is  reported  to  have  said  of  him  that  he 
belonged  to  "the  republic  of  humanity"  and  was 
"a  friend  of  all  mankind."  A  striking  list  of 
fatalities  in  his  own  family,  which  left  him  alone 
save  for  one  daughter,  no  doubt  hastened  his  own 
death,  which  occurred  on  Dec.  11,  1783. 

FAIRCHILD,  David  Sturges,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Vt.,  Sept.  16,  1847, 
son  of  Eli  and  Grace  Dimou  (Sturges)  Fairchild. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Thomas  Pairchild,  who  came  from  England  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  and  settled 
at  Norwalk,  Conn.;  his  wife  was  Emma  Seabrook, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife,  Mary  Wheeler;  their 
son  Abram  and  his  wife,  Raehael  Seribner;  their 
son  John  and  his  wife,  Abigail  Wakeman,  to  their 
son  David  and  his  wife,  Charlotte  Geyer,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  David  Sturges  Fairchild. 
The  last-named  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Fairfield,  Vt.,  and  at 
Franklin  and  Barre  academies,  Vermont.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  Albany  Medical  School,  now 
Union  University,  in  1868,  with  the  degree  M.  D., 
and  the  following  year  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  High  Forest,  Minn.  In  1872  he  re- 
moved to  Ames,  la.,  and  in  1893  to  Clinton,  la. 
He  was  professor  of  comparative  physiology  and 
anatomy  at  Iowa  State  College  during  1879-93, 
professor  of  surgery  during  18S2-1909,  and  dean 
of  Drake  University  in  1903-09.  Since  1883  he  has 
been  a  division  surgeon  of  the  Chicago  and  North- 
western Railroad  Co.  He  was  a  physician  in  general 
practice  during  the  first  ten  years  of  his  profes- 
sional career,  and  since  1009  has  been  a  consultant 
only.  Since  1911  he  has  been  editor  of  the  "Jour- 
nal of  the  Iowa  State  Medical  Society,"  and  he  is 
author  of  the  "Pioneer  History  of  Medicine  in 
Towa."  He  is  a  past  president  (1896)  of  the 
Iowa  State  Medical  Society,  the  Western  Surgical 
Society  (1S98),  the  American  Academy  of  Railway 
Surgeons  (1901),  and  the  American  Association  of 
Railway  Surgeons  (1914),  and  in  1914  was  first 
vice-president  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion. He  was  married  at  High  Forest,  Minn.,  May 
1,  1870,  to  Wilhelmina,  daughter  of  William  K. 
Tattersall,  and  has  three  children:  David  Sturges, 
Jr.,  Gertrude,  wife  of  A.  W.  Brown,  and  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Dr.  Harry  R.  Reynolds. 

DENNY,  Parkman"  Tyler,  banker  and  histor- 
ian, was  born  at  Leicester,  Mass.,  Dec.  20,  1851, 
son  of  Christopher  Columbus  and  Anna  S.  (Tyler) 
Denny.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Daniel  Denny,  who  came  from  England  in 
1715;  located  first  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  in 
1717  settled  at  Leicester.  His  wife  was  Rebecca 
Jones,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  Col.  Samuel  and  his 
wife  Elizabeth  Henshaw,  and  their  son  Joseph 
and  his  wife  Phoebe  Henshaw,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Parkman  T.  Denny.  Christopher 
Columbus  Denny,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a 
card  clothing  manufacturer  of  Leicester,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Bisco  &  Denny  and  of  its 
successor,  White  &  Denny;  he  was  likewise  a  noted 
historian  and  author  The  sou  was  educated  at 


190 


THE     NATIONAL,     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Leicester  Academy,  and  Worcester  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute, being  graduated  B.S.  at  the  later.  He 
taught  for  two  years  at  South  Jersey  Institute, 
Bridgewater,  N.  J.,  after  which  he  entered  the 
offices  of  Ware  &  Van  Brunt,  Boston  architects, 
where  he  remained  five  years.  He  then  practised 
architecture  independenly  at  Worcester  for  some 
years.  Subsequently,  he  became  bookkeeper  for 
Bisco  &  Denny;  remained  in  the  clothing  manu- 
facturing business  many  years,  and  was  a  factor 
in  the  more  imposing  firm  of  White  &  Denny. 
In  1SS5  he  entered  the  banking  business  as  teller 
of  the  Leicester  National  Bank  and  bookkrr|uT 
of  the  Leicester  Savings  Bank.  He  was  elected 
cashier  of  the  former  in  1890,  which  position  he 
retained  until  its  dissolution,  and  he  was  also 
elected  treasurer  of  the  savings  institution  in  1890, 
remaining  in  that  capacity  until  his  death.  Aside 
from  these  interests  he  was  president  of  the  Eaw- 
son  Brook  Burying  Ground  Corporation ;  clerk  and 
treasurer  of  the  Pine  Grove  Cemetery  Corpora- 
tion; treasurer  and  trustee  of  the  Leicester  pub- 
lie  library;  trustee  of  the  Isaac  Southgate  fund, 
and  was  a  park  commissioner  of  Leicester.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Savings  Bank  Treasurers' 
Club,  Boston ;  the  Worcester  Society  of  Antiquity ; 
of  various  historical  and  musical  societies,  and  of 
the  Masonic  lodge,  chapter  and  commanderv.  He 
was  exceedingly  interested  in  genealogical  re- 
search, was  the  acknowledged  historian  or'  Leices- 
ter, and  as  a  leader  in  the  Oraskaso  Historical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  from  Leicester.  For  nearly  two 
decades  he  was  organist  of  the  John  Nelson  Mem- 
orial Church,  Leicester.  He  was  a  connoisseur  and 
collector  of  old  colonial  furniture,  Chippendales 
and  Sheratons,  antique  silver  or  china.  He  cher- 
ished antiquities  of  his  native  town,  and  pre- 
served all  available  items  connected  with  its 
history.  He  was  also  a  student  of  mycology.  He 
was  married  July  5,  1894,  to  Cora  B.,  daughter 
of  C.  S.  Knight," of  North  Brookfield,  Mass.;  she 
survives  him,  with  one  son:  Parkman  Knight 
Denny.  He  died  at  Leicester,  Mass.,  Oct.  27,  1911. 

HACKETT,  Edward  Alexander  Kelly,  jour- 
nalist, was  born  at  New  Bloomfield,  Pa.,  June  29, 
1851 ;  was  educated  at  New  Bloomfield  Academy, 
and  early  learned  the  printer's  trade  on  the  Perry 
county  (Pa.)  "Democrat,"  and  then  went  to  Phila- 
delphia, Pittsburg  and  other  eastern  cities  and 
worked  at  his  trade.  Subsequently  he  went  to 
Bluffton,  Ind.,  where  he  purchased  a  half  interest 
in  the  Bluffton  "Banner"  and  in  a  short  time 
acquired  the  entire  interest.  He  conducted  that 
newspaper  for  a  number  of  years  and  was  highly 
successful  in  the  venture.  In  1SSO  he  went  to  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.,  where  he  purchased  "The  Sentinel," 
a  daily  publication,  and  continued  as  publisher 
and  owner  of  that  newspaper  until  his  death. 
Under  Mr.  Hackett  's  management  it  became  more 
prosperous  ami  popular  than  at  any  time  in  its 
previous  history  and  grew  from  a  small  sheet  to 
one  of  the  largest  in  Central  Indiana.  He  founded 
the  "American  Farmer,"  a.  weekly,  which  was  for 
several  years  published  in  the  "Sentinel"  office, 
until  it  was  sold  to  a  publishing  company.  For  a 
time  he  was  also  interested  in  the  Indianapolis 
"Sentinel,"  disposing  of  his  interests  several  years 
before  it  suspended  publication.  Later  he  es- 
tablished the  Hackett  Medical  College  in  Canton, 
China,  placing  his  oldest  daughter,  Dr.  Martha 
Hackett,  in  charge,  and  endowed  the  institution 
with  sufficient  funds  to  make  it  a  success.  Since 
its  establishment  much  good  hr  ,  been  accom- 
plished, not  only  to  the  spiritual  development  of 


the  Chinese  people,  but  in  a  medical  way  as  well. 
He  also  took  an  active  interest  in  religious  move- 
ments, and  was  large-ly  instrumental  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Rescue  Mission  in  Fort  Wajne. 
He  was  prominent  in  the  work  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  and  especially  so  in 
its  Los  Angeles  (Cnl.)  branch.  His  leligious  affili- 
ations were  with  the  Presbvterian  church,  and  Jie 
was  an  elder  in  the  First  Church  of  Fort  Wayne. 
He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  Organization  of 
the  Winona  Assembly  and  Summer  School  Asso- 
ciation, in  Indiana,  and  was  the  originator  of  the 
Forward  Movement  in  the  Presbyterian  church. 
In  journalism  Mr.  Hackett  was  keen,  alert,  aggres- 
sive. He  was  twice  married;  (1)  in  1877,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  Charles  Melsheimer,  of 
Bluffton,  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  Dr. 
Martha,  of  Canton,  China  ;  and  Helen,  wife  of  John 
Cherry  Johnson,  of  Los  Angeles.  She  died  in 
1899,  and  he  was  married  (2),  Oct.  16,  1900,  to 
Susie  Emma,  daughter  of  Col.  John  B.  Eeid,  and 
they  had  three  children:  Catherine,  Edward  A.  K. 
and  Wayne  Reid  Hackett.  He  died  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.,  Aug.  2S,  1916. 

SOUTHGATE,  James  Haywood,  under- 
writer, was  born  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  July  12,  1850, 
son  of  James  and  Delia  Haywood  (Wynne) 
Sinithgate.  His  earliest  paternal  American  an 
cestor  was  John  Southgate,  a  native  of  Alwal- 
ton,  Huntingtonshire,  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  1790,  settling  first  in  Richmond  and 
later  at  Little  Plymouth,  King  and  Queen  county, 
Va. ;  from  him  and  his  wife,  Mary  Du  Val,  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son, 
James  Summerville,  and  the  latter's  wife,  Myra 
Ann  Muse,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our 
subject.  His  father,  a  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  with  his  brother,  Llewellyn 
Southgate,  established  a  military  academy  at 
Norfolk,  Va.;  he  served  for  a  time  as  president 
of  the  Louisburg  Female  College;  was  later 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Olin  College,  Iredell 
county,  and  in  1872  established  the  Southgate 
Insurance  Agency,  the  pioneer  insurance  firm  of 
Durham,  N.  C.  James  Haywood  Southgate  was 
educated  in  a  private  school  and  at  the  Military 
Academy  of  Homer  and  Graves  at  Hillsboro, 
N.  C.,  also  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 
In  1878  he  became  associated  with  his  father  in 
the  insurance  business,  in  which  he  remained 
continuously,  and  of  which,  still  conducted  as  J. 
Southgate  &  Son,  he  was  head  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  was  past  president  (1913-14)  of 
the  National  Association  of  Insurance  Writers, 
the  first  man  who  ever  served  two  terms,  and 
past  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Association 
of  Underwriters;  and  was  agent  for  thirty -five 
insurance  companies.  He  was  president  of  the 
Noith  Carolina  Peace  Society,  the  Durham  Land 
and  Security  Company,  the  Durham  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  the  Durham  county  fair;  was  direc- 
tor of  the  Citizens'  National  Bank;  promoter, 
trustee  and  director  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
trustee  of  the  Durham  Public  Library.  For 
twenty  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of 
trustees'  of  Trinity  College,  Durham;  he  hold 
the  same  position  on  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Southern  Conservatory  of  Music,  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the 
Durham  Business  School.  He  organized  the  first 
military  company  and  opened  the  first  set  of 
banking  books  in  Durham.  In  1896  he  was 
candidate  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States 
on  the  Prohibition  ticket.  At  the  national  con- 
vention of  the  Prohibition  party,  Cincinnati, 


rt 


PARKMAN  T.  DENNY 
BANKER 


EDWARD  A.  K.  HACKETT 

JOURNALIST 


JAMES  H.  SOUTHGATE 
UNDERWRITER 


JOSEPH  A.  DE  BOER 
UNDERWRITER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


191 


1892,  and  Pittsburgh,  1896,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  platform  committee.  He  was  for  years 
a  member  of  the  board  of  stewards  of  Trinity 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  Durham.  As 
president  of  the  local  chamber  of  commerce,  he 
was  a  dominant  factor  ill  every  movement  for 
the  upbuilding  of  Durham.  He  was  mar- 
ried Dec.  5,  1SS2,  to  Kate  Shepard,  daughter 
of  Bartholomew  Fuller,  a  lawyer,  of  Durham; 
she  died  in  1S92.  There  is  one  surviving  son, 
Tom  Fuller  Southgate.  He  died  at  his  summer 
home,  "  Southgate  *s  Cabin,"  Durham,  N.  C., 
Feb.  -22,  11115. 

DE  BOER,  Joseph.  Arend,  underwriter,  was 
born  at  Warll'um,  province  of  Groningen,  Holland, 
June  17,  1861,  son  of  Arend  Pieters  and  Anje 
Pieter  (Kuiper)  De  Boer,  and  came  to  America 
with  his  mother  in  1867,  settling  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 
There  he  sold  newspapers  in  the  streets,  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  and  was  graduated  with  honor  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  1884  with  the  degree  of  A.  B., 
receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1SS7  and  that  of 
Ph.D.  in  1909.  For  a  year  following  his  gradu- 
ation he  taught  Greek  and  Latin  at  the  Holderuess 
School,  Plymouth,  N.  H.,  and  in  lS8o-S9  was  prin- 
cipal of  the  Washington  county  (Vt.)  schools,  with 
headquarters  at  Montpelier.  He  then  entered  the 
life  insurance  field  as  actuary  of  the  National  Life 
Insurance  Co.,  Montpelier.  In  1897  he  became 
actuary  and  secretary,  subsequently  was  elected 
second'  and  then  first  vice-president  and  in  1902 
became  president,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  Since  the  office  of  chief  executive  was  as- 
sumed by  him  the  company  gained  rapidly  in 
patronage  ami  solidity  until  it  became  recognized 
as  one  of  the  strongest  of  the  smaller  life  insur- 
ance companies  of  the  United  States.  He  had  a 
keen  sense  of  civic  duty,  served  as  chairman  of 
the  finance  committee  of  the  Montpelier  board  of 
trade,  member  Montpelier  board  of  education, 
chairman  of  the  commission  on  the  state  perma- 
nent school  fund  and  also  of  the  commission  for 
state  audit ;  was  trustee  of  the  Washington  County 
Grammar  School;  Vermont  Episcopal  Institute, 
Burlington;  St.  Johnsbury  (Vt.)  Academy,  Mont- 
pelier Seminary,  Wood  Art  Gallery  and  of  the 
Montpelier  Gallery  of  Fine  Arts.  In  1900  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  and  in  1908  a  mem- 
ber of  the  house  of  representatives  of  Vermont. 
He  was  an  earnest  worker  in  behalf  of  reform  in 
tLe  taxation  laws  of  Vermont,  was  a  firm  be- 
liever in  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party, 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Republican  state  conven- 
tion of  1910  and  was  a  delegate  to  various  other 
conventions.  He  was  past  president  (1896)  of  the 
Young  Men's  Republican  Club,  Montpelier;  a  char- 
ter member  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of  America, 
secretary  of  the  Vermont  Historical  Society  and 
a  member  also  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  in  which 
he  held  the  thirty-second  degree;  of  the  Phi  Beta 
and  Tria  Kappa  college  fraternities  and  of  the 
Apollo  Club,  Montpelier.  He  was  a  vestryman  in 
the  local  Protestant  Episcopal  church  and  had  held 
various  offices  in  diocesan  administrations.  He 
was  much  in  demand  as  an  orator;  was  speaker  of 
Vermont  day  at  the  .lamestown  (Va.)  Exposition 
in  1907 ;  delivered  the  address  at  Montpelier  's  cen- 
tenary celebration  and  was  a  speaker  at  the  dedi- 
cation of  the  Montpelier  city  hall.  He  published 
an  historical  sketch  of  his  adopted  city,  a  history 
of  insurance  in  Vermont  in  the  series  of  ' '  The 
New  England  States ' '  and  various  addresses  and 
miscellaneous  papers.  He  was  married  Dec.  22, 
1885,  to  Augusta  Charles,  daughter  of  John  H. 


Featherly,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  survives  him 
with  four  children:  Ethel  Arend,  who  married 
Edward  D.  Field ;  Minnie  Arend,  Elizabeth  Arend 
and  Paul  Kuiper  De  Boer.  He  died  at  Moutpelicr, 
Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1915.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  190). 

CHAPMAN,  Edwin,  merchant,  banker  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 
Apr.  17,  1S41,  son  of  Kilborn  and  Mary  (Butters) 
Chapman.  The  first  of  the  family  in  America  was 
Ralph  Chapman,  who  came  from  Southwark,  Sur- 
rey, England,  on  the  ship  Elizabeth,  in  16:15 ;  he 
was  resident  of  Duxbury,  Mass.,  in  1640,  and  prob- 
ably settled  there  on  arrival,  dying  at  MarslmYld, 
Mass.,  in  1671;  from  him  and  his  wife  Lydin  Wills 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  sou 

Ralph  and  his  wife  Mary ;  their  son  Ralph 

and  his  wife  Sarah  Booth;  and  their  son  John  and 
his  wife  Bethia  Gardner,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Edwin 
Chapman  spent  his  childhood  at  C'harlestown  and 
Lowell,  removing  with  his  father  to  Ashby,  Mass., 
when  ten  years  of  age.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools,  making  his  home  with  Amos 
Green,  a  farmer,  at  Ashby,  and  receiving  for  his 
laboi^  board  and  clothes,  and  an  opportunity  to 
attend  the  grade  schools  during  the  winter  sea- 
sons only.  In  the  summer  of  1.861  he  enlisted  for 
the  civil  war  in  Company  L,  1st  Mass.  Vol.  Cav., 
and  was  mustered  into  the"  Federal  service  for  a 
term  of  three  years,  but  was  discharged  for  dis- 
ability in  1S63.  Returning  to  Ashby  he  was  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  until  1867,  when  he 
removed  to  Boston  and  formed  a  partnership  in  a 
general  produce  commission  business,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Adams  &  Chapman,  later  on  Adams- 
Chapman  Co.  From  this  evolved  a  wholesale  beef 
business  which  proved  a  unique  success  and  made 
him  a  dominant  factor  in  the  meat  trade  in  East- 
ern Massachusetts.  At  his  death  he  was  president 
of  the  New  England  Beef  Co.,  Mayo  Beef  Co., 
Quiucy  Beef  Co.,  Corwin- Wilde  Co.;  vice-president 
of  the  Adams-Chapman  Co.,  and  director  of  the 
Hammond  Beef  Co.  He  was  also  a  director  in  the 
Fouith  Atlantic  Bank  of  Boston,  and  was  officer 
or  stockholder  in  various  other  commercial,  finan- 
cial and  industrial  corporations.  In  1901  he  gave  to 
the  town  of  Ashby  a  public  library  building.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Faith  lodge  of  Masons,  at 
Charlestown,  and  the  Abraham  Lincoln  Post  No. 
11,  G.  A.  R.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  His  sterling  qualities  of  man- 
hood challenged  the  highest  appreciation  of  all 
who  met  him,  while  his  genial  nature  recognized 
most  heartily  the  good  in  others.  Unselfish  and 
dependable  under  all  conditions,  his  circle  of 
friends  was  a  widely  extensive  one.  His  mind 
worked  rapidly  and  a  decision  once  formed  was 
usually  final.  His  abundant  private  benefactions 
were  always  bestowed  quietly  and  without  osten- 
tation. He  was  married  Oct.  27,  1S64,  to  Mary 
Prescott,  daughter  of  George  B.  Hubbard  of  A<h- 
by,  Mass.,  and  a  descendant  of  many  of  the  oldest 
New  England  families;  their  children  were:  Mary 
Grace,  wife  of  Jesse  P.  Lyman;  Georgia  Louise; 
Alonzo  Edwin  and  Florence  Alma  Chapman.  He 
died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  July  7,  1915. 

HARRIS,  Addison  Clay,  lawyer  and  diplomat, 
was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ind.,  Oct.  1,  1840,  son  of 
Branson  L.  and  Martha  (Young)  Harris.  His 
first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Obndiah 
Harris,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Wales  and 
settled  in  Guilford  CO.,  N.  C.,  where  he  became  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  Friends  anil  was 
a  preacher  in  the  Quaker  church.  Our  subject's 
father,  a  farmer  of  Wayne  county,  was  a  member  of 


p 
h 


192  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

the   legislature  for  several  sessions   and  took  an  manufacturer.      The    son    received    his    education 

active  part  in  current  affairs.    The  son  gained  his  in   the   public   schools   of   Yates   county,   and   be- 

early  education  in  the  Quaker  schools  of  his  native  fore   attaining  his   majority   learned   the   carpen- 

place,    and   was    graduated    at    the    Northwestern  ter's    trade    under    the    direction    of    his    father. 

Christian    University    in    1S62.      After    teaching  In   1850   he  went  to  California,   and   for   a   brief 

school  for  a  short  period  he  began  the  study  of  period  was  employed  at   his  trade   m   San  Fran- 

law  under  Hon.  Samuel  E.  Perkins.     He  was  ad-  cisco,    receiving    as    wages    an     ounce     of     gold 

mitted  to  the  Indiana  bar  in  1S65,  and  began  the  ($18.00)    per   day.     A  year  later   he  engaged   in 

ractice   of   law   in   Indianapolis.      He   associated  mining   in    northern    California,    at    Scott's    Bar, 

imself  with  John  T.  Dye,  under  the  firm  name  of  and  at  Sawyer's  Bar,   Yreka.      He   then   entered 

Dye  &  Harris,  and  this  partnership  continued  for  the   service   of   the    Cram-Rogers    Express   Co.,    a 

seventeen  years,  at   the  expiration  of  which   Mr.  branch   of   the   Adams   Express   Co.,   was   a   mes- 

Dye  withdrew  to  enter  the  railway  practice.     Mr.  senger   of   that   company,    and   later   assigned   as 

Harris  continued  alone  from  that  time,  confining  their    agent    at    Jacksonville,    Ore.,    then    a    new 

his   practice    to    litigation,    in    which    he    became  placer-mining    camp.       In     1856      the     company 

skilled  in  both  state  and  federal  courts,  possessing  failed,   and   he   then   embarked   independently   hi 

an  exceptional  knowledge  of  the  law  and  its  prece-  the    express    messenger    service,    and    throughout 

dents.      Having  been  a  recognized  leader  in  the  a   period   of   seven   years  made  semi-weekly  trips 

Republican  party  for  many  years,  he  was  elected,  in    the   saddle    between    Yreka    and    Jacksonville, 

in  1876,  to  represent  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  the  state  over   the   Siskiyou   range,   and    also    conducted   a 

senate,  where  he  made  an  admirable  record.     In  service    between     Crescent    City,     Cal.,     and     the 

January,  1S99,  he  was  chosen  by  Pres.  McKinley  northwest  California  coast,  over  the  coast  range. 

to  be  U.  S.  minister  to  Austria-Hungary,  and  after  His    was    called    a    pony    express,    but    he    used 

three  years  retired  from  office  to  resume  the  prac-  three    or    four    horses    and    was    the    only    rider. 

tice  of  his  profession  in  Indianapolis.     Mr.  Harris  To    avoid   hostile   Indians   and   road    agents   much 

figured  in  many  notable  cases,  conspicuous  among  of  the  distance  was  covered  at  night.     He  never 

which    was    the    case    of    James    Lynchehaun,    an  lost  a  dollar,  although  at  times  he  carried  many 

Irish  refugee,  whom,  in  1904,  he  successfully  de-  thousands.     At  the  beginning  of  this  service   he 

fended  in  extradition  proceedings  brought  by  the  received  five  per  cent,   for  the  transportation  of 

English  government.     He  represented  the  city  of  gold-dust,    and    one    dollar   each    for    letters    and 

Indianapolis  without  charge  in  a  suit,  by  which  the  'lewspapers;    during   the   life    of   his   private    ex- 

city    won    the    Indianapolis    Technical    Institute  press    he    packed    more    than    fifteen    millions   in 

grounds,  worth  about  $1,000,000.     In  1911  he  was  gold-dust.     He  established  a  quasi-banking  busi- 

ideutified  with  the  litigation  to  test  the  validity  of  ness  at  Jacksonville,  then  one  of  the  great  gold 

the  bill  passed  by  the  general  assembly,  known  as  camps  of  the  world,  in  1856,  charging  depositors 

the  Tom  Marshall  constitution.   The  suit  was  prose-  one    per    cent,    monthly    for   the    safe-keeping    of 

cuted   voluntarily   to   sustain   what    he   considered  gold-dust,   and  five  per   cent,  monthly   for   loans. 

the    basic    principles    of    the    state    constitutional  His   was   the   second   bank   in   the   Pacific   north- 

law.      Mr.    Harris    made    an    exhaustive    invest!-  west,    being    antedated    only    by    the    celebrated 

gation      in      1904      into      the      necessity      of      a  Portland   institution   of   Ladd   &   Tilton.      In   the 

workmen's     compensation     law,     and     many     of  original    building    iu    which    this    business    was 

his     ideas     were     embodied     in     the     law     which  founded  he   continued  until  his   death.      In   1887 

was  passed   by  the  legislature.     He  also   framed  he   became    associated    with    Thomas    G.    Eeames, 

the   act   creating   an   arbitration   board   to    settle  under    the    firm    name    of    Beckmau    &    Eeames, 

controversies    between    employer    and    employees,  continuing   the   business   in    his   own   name   after 

which    was   passed    by   the    legislature.      He   was  the  3eath  of  Mr.  Eeames  in  1901.     In  the  early 

widely  known  as  a  lecturer  on  law;  in  later  years  days    no    receipts   were    given    for    deposits,    and 

he  delivered  many  addresses  on  his  experiences  as  none      were      asked.      Withdrawals     were      made 

minister  to  Austria,  and  made  numerous  speeches  without   cheque  ;     he   alone   kept  the   record,   and 

against  the  initiative,  referendum  and  recall,  being  customers    never    required    an    accounting.      The 

regarded  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  opposing  these  Beekman    Bank    was   never    under    a    cloud,    and 

innovations  in  our  form  of  government.     He  was  during   the   financial    panics    of    1S73,    1893    and 

a  charter  member  and  president  of  the   Indiana  1907   it   loaned,  large   sums   to   other   banks.      In 

and   Indianapolis   Bar   associations;    president   of  1912  he  announced  his   retirement  from  the  field 

the  board  of  trustees  of  Purdue  University,  and  of  banking,   but   his  customers   declined   to   with- 

president  of  the  Indiana  Law  School,  and  a  mem-  draw   their    balances;     although    he    refused    fur- 

ber  of  the   State   Historical   Society,  the   Indian-  ther  accounts,  it   was   necessary  for  him  to   con- 

apolis  Literary  Club;  the  Columbia"  Club  and  the  tinue    practically    until    his    death.      In    1S63    he 

Phi  Delta  Theta  fraternity.     As  a  lawyer  he  was  was     appointed     agent     at     Jacksonville     of    the 

bold  and  aggressive  with  a'  highly  analytical  mind;  Wells    Fargo    Express   Co.,    and   continued    forty- 

was  possessed  of  a  masterful  use  of  "the  English  two  years   in   that  capacity.     This  position   gave 

language  and  was  able  to  express  his  conclusions  him   exceptional   opportunity  to   handle   and   ship 

in     clear     and     perfect     diction.       He     had     few  gold   with    the    least    publicity,    and    he    was    the 

superiors  as  a  diplomat,  courtly,  of  splendid  ad-  agent   for  millions  shipped  to  San  Francisco  for 

dress   and   of   gentle   manners.      He   was  married  mintage.      He   was   also   a    dealer   in   foreign   ex- 

May  14,  1S68,  to  India,  daughter  of  Henry  Crago,  change   and   was   booking   agent   for   the   famous 

of  Connersville,  Ind.     Mr.  Harris  died  in  Indian-  California   Stage   Co.     In   politics   he  was   a   Ee- 

apolis,  Ind.,  Sept.  2,  1916.  publican.      He   served   as   mayor   of   Jacksonville, 

BEEKMAN,   Cornelius   C.,   banker,   was  born  president    of    the    school    board,    and    for   fifteen 

in   New   York   city,   Jan.    27,    1828,   son   of   Ben-  years   was   regent   of   the   University   of   Oregon. 

jamin    B.    and    Lydia     (Compton)     Beekman,    a  He    took    a    prominent    part    in    the    movement 

descendant  of  one  "of  the  notable  Dutch   families  which   resulted   in   Jackson   county  voting  $500,000 

of    New    Amsterdam.       His    father,    who    subse-  bonds   for   the   extension    of   the    Pacific    highway 

quently  became  a  resident  of  Yates  county,  N.  Y.,  across  her  borders,  and  he  was  a  dominant  fac- 

was  a  building  contractor  and   a  sash   and   door  'tor    in    many    civic    and    municipal    undertakings 


CORNELIUS  C.  BEEKMAN 
BANKER 


WILLIAM  HENRY  KNICHT 
WRITER   AND    LECTURER 


EDWARD  A.  FREDENHAGEN 

CLERGYMAN   AND  REFORMER 


ROBERT  H.  THOMAS.  JR. 
JOURNALIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


193 


He  was  a  thirty-second  degree  Scottish  Rite 
Mason,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution.  He  was  a  co-donor 
of  the  Failing-Beekman-Prize  Fund  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oregon.  He  was  married  Jan.  29, 
1861,  to  Julia  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William 
Hoffman,  of  Jacksonville,  Ore.;  she  survives 
him  with  two  children:  Benjamin  B.  (q.  v.)  and 
Carrie  C.  Beekman.  He  died  at  Jacksonville,  Ore., 
Feb.  22,  1915. 

BEEKMAN,  Benjamin  B.,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Jacksonville,  Ore.,  Aug.  3,  1S63,  son  of  Cor- 
nelius C.  (q.  v.)  and  Julia  Elizabeth  (Hoff- 
man) Beekman.  He  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Jacksonville 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Oregon 
in  1884  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  After  serving 
for  a  short  time  as  instructor  at  the  above  in- 
stitution he  entered  the  law  school  of  Yale 
University  and  was  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Con- 
necticut in  18S8  and  to  the  Oregon  bar  in  1889 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Portland  shortly  thereafter.  In  1803  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Edward  B.  and  James  F. 
Watson,  under  the  firm  name  of  Watson,  BeeTs- 
man  &  Watson,  which  firm  became  Watson  & 
Beekman  upon  the  death  of  James  F.  Watson 
in  1897,  and  so  continued  until  the  death  of 
Edward  B.  Watson  in  1915.  With  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  firm  he  wound  up  its  business  and 
has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  personal  af- 
fairs. The  firm  bore  a  high  reputation  and  fig- 
ured in  much  important  litigation  in  the  state 
and  Federal  courts.  During  1907-15  he  was  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  the  law  department 
of  the  University  of  Oregon  and  was  esteemed 
as  one  of  its  most  earnest  and  successful  in- 
structors. His  political  affiliation  has  always 
been  with  the  Republican  party,  and  while  he 
has  not  sought  nor  held  office,  he  has  uniformly 
taken  an  active  interest  and  part  in  political 
affairs.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Society 
of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  is  a 
Knight  Templar  and  thirty-third  degree  Scottish 
Rite  Mason.  He  has  served  as  president  of  the 
University  Club  of  Portland,  and  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  other  clubs  and  or- 
ganizations". His  activities  have  not  been  limited 
to  his  professional  work,  but  have  extended  to 
various  phases  of  community  and  social  life  and 
have  earned  for  him  distinct  recognition  through- 
out the  state. 

FREDENHAGEN,  Edward  Adolph,  clergy- 
man and  reformer,  was  born  at  Downer's  Grove, 
111.,  Apr.  7,  ISfiO,  son  of  Victor  and  Mary  (Lambe) 
Fredenhagen.  His  father,  a  native  of  Mecklenburg, 
Germanj-,  came  to  America  in  1851  and  settled  at 
Downer's  Grove;  he  served  as  supervisor  of  Du- 
page  county,  111.,  and  was  a  member  of  the  29th 
general  assembly,  Illinois  house  of  representatives. 
Edward  A.  Fredenhagen  was. educated  at  the  Chi- 
cago Theological  Seminary  and  at  Wheaton  Col- 
lege, subsequently  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  Kansas'City  University  and  that  of  D.D. 
from  Adrian  College,  Adrian,  Mich.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1890,  and  for  ten  years 
served  parishes  in  various  cities  of  Michigan  and 
Illinois,  his  growing  interest  in  sociological  ques- 
tions finally  leading  him  into  the  work  in  which  he 
was  engaged  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
the  founder  and  national  superintendent  of  the 
Society  for  the  Friendless,  now  (191S)  operating 
in  twelve  states,  and  was  also  general  superintend- 
ent of  the  Kansas-Missouri  division.  The  society 


originated  in  Topeka,  Kan.,  1900,  in  the  family 
home  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Fredenhagen,  who  for  twelve 
years  kept  their  home  open  to  all  classes  of  ex- 
prisoners.  As  the  work  expanded,  the  numbers  out- 
grew the  one  home,  and  other  private  boarding- 
houses  were  employed.  In  March,  1908,  the  in- 
creasing scope  of  the  work  required  the  removal 
of  the  general  offices  to  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  where 
it  is  still  being  carried  on.  The  purposes  of  the 
society  are:  The  correction  and  cure  of  crime; 
the  reclamation  and  the  restoration  of  the  criminal; 
and  the  relief  of  the  friendless  and  distressed.  In 
the  years  since  the  organization  of  the  society 
more  than  7,000  have  been  helped  to  self-support. 
Today,  those  who  have  been  aided  by  the  society 
are  earning  a  total  annual  average  of  more  than 
$750,000  in  honest  employment.  Only  a  small  per 
cent,  of  those  assisted  have  slipped  back  into  crime. 
Through  Dr.  Fredenhagen 's  untiring  labor  the 
activities  of  the  Society  for  the  Friendless  have 
been  introduced  in  many  of  the  states  of  the 
Union,  and  in  numerous  prisons  of  the  country 
prison  reform  has  received  renewed  interest  be- 
cause of  his  devotion  and  influence  in  that  humane 
cause.  Owing  to  his  efforts  such  important  meas- 
ures of  prison  reform  as  the  indeterminate  sentence 
and  parole,  the  organization  of  the  juvenile  court, 
and  the  suspended  sentence  laws  were  accomplished 
in  Kansas  and  Missouri.  He  was  a  constant  be- 
liever in  the  principle  of  reforming  men  from  with- 
in outwardly,  his  experience  telling  him  that  with 
a  change  of  heart  came  a  change  in  the  life.  His 
executive  ability  is  attested  by  his  welding  of 
zealous  men  into  an  efficient  working  society  that 
will  spread  its  benevolent  influence  over  many 
years  to  come.  He  lectured  in  various  colleges  on 
criminology;  was  president  of  the  Kansas  Associa- 
tion of  Charities  and  Correction,  1908—10,  and  a 
member  of  the  American  Sociological  Society, 
Southern  Sociological  Congress,  Knife  and  Fork 
Club,  and  the  City  Club  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He 
was  married  Sept.  10,  1S90,  to  Florence  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  John  Silvernail,  of  Temperance,  Mich., 
and  their  children  were:  John  Edward,  Faith 
Franc  and  Martin  Victor  Fredenhagen.  Dr. 
Fredenhagen  died  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Oct.  16, 
1916. 

THOMAS,  Robert  Horatio,  Jr.,  editor  and 
publisher,  was  born  at  Mechanicsburg,  Pa.,  Jan. 
19,  1S61,  son  of  Robert  H.  and  Annette  (Kimmel) 
Thomas ;  grandson  of  Edward  H.  and  Charlotte 
Ann  (Nelson)  Thomas;  great-grandson  of  Robert 
Thomas,  and  great-great-grandson  of  Elisha  and 
Ann  (\Valu)  Thomas.  The  family  is  of  Welsh 
and  English  descent.  The  father  of  our  subject 
was  a  merchant  who  in  1S62-66,  served  as  deputy 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  15th  Pa.  dis- 
trict and  at  the  time  of  Lee's  second  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Curtin  special 
aide-de-camp  with  rank  of  colonel.  In  1869,  Col. 
Thomas  entered  the  newspaper  field,  purchasing 
the  "Valley  Democrat,"  which  then  became  the 
"Valley  Independent."  In  1871,  he  bought  out 
the  "Cumberland  Valley  Journal"  and  consoli- 
dated it  with  his  own  as  the  "Independent  Jour- 
nal." He  became  secretary  of  the  state  grange, 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  in  1873,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  began  publication  of  the  "Farmers' 
Friend  and  Grange  Advocate,"  an  agricultural 
journal  of  high  character  and  great  literary  merit, 
which  attained  a  high  circulation  not  by  any  means 
routined  to  members  of  the  grange:  meanwhile 
continuing  the  publication  of  his  other  newspaper. 
He  had  been  president  of  the  International  Edi- 
torial Association  and  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 


194 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Editorial  Association.  Eobert  H.  Thomas,  Jr., 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Mechanicsburg  and  at  Cumberland  Valley  Insti- 
tute, and  in  1S78  entered  his  father's  printing 
office,  where  he  soon  by  study  mastered  every  de- 
tail of  the  business.  With  this  knowledge  and 
training  he  became  business  manager  of  the 
Thomas  Printing  House,  and  upon  the  death  of  his 
father  he  succeeded  as  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
"Daily  Journal,"  "Saturday  Journal,"  and  the 
"Farmers'  Friend,"  filling  these  positions  until 
his  death.  He  also  became  general  manager  of 
the  Inter-State  Picnic  Exposition,  that  annually 
for  more  than  two  score  of  years  gave  exhibi- 
tions at  Williams'  Grove.  For  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  was  secretary  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Editorial  Association,  of  which  he  had  also  been 
vice-president  and  president,  and  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  board  of  the  National  Edi- 
torial Association.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason, 
and  held  membership  also  in  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Patriotic  Order  Sons  of  America,  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York.  He  was  a 
charter  member  and  officer  of  Rescue  Hook  &  Lad- 
der Co.;  had  been  chief  fire  marshal  of  Mechanics- 
burg,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  education. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Metho- 
dist "church.  Aside  from  his  publishing  business  he 
was  vice-president  and  director  of  the  D.  Wilcox 
Manufacturing  Co.;  member  of  the  auxiliary  board 
of  trustees  of  Harrisburg  Hospital,  and  president 
of  the  Business  Men 's  League  of  Mechanicsburg. 
He  was  widely  known  as  a  witty  after-dinner 
speaker,  and  frequently  acted  as  toast-master  at 
banquets  of  the  State  Editorial  Association.  He 
was  possessed  of  a  progressive  and  enterprising 
spirit;  was  a  clear  and  forcible  writer,  a  good 
conversationalist  and  held  high  rank  among  Penn- 
sylvania journalists.  He  was  married  at  Me- 
chanicsburg, Pa.,  Jan.  8,  1891,  to  Frances,  daugh- 
ter of  Ira  D.  Coover,  a  farmer  of  Cumberland 
county;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children: 
Robert  H.  (Ill),  sergeant-major,  58th  U.  S.  Inf.; 
Francis  Edward,  sergeant,  aviation  service, 
U.  S.  A.,  and  Mary  Estelle  Thomas.  He  died 
at  Mechanicsburg,  Pa.,  Dec.  20,  1916. 

CKAMPTON,  Louis  William,  military  officer, 
U.  S.  A.,  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Md.,  May 
8,  184S,  son  of  Thomas  and  Martha  Violetta  (Phil- 
pott)  Crampton.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Thomas  Crampton,  who  came  from 
England  in  the  eighteenth  century.  His  wife  was 
Ann  Mary  Maria  Patrick,  and  from  them  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Josiah  and 
his  wife,  Anne  Philpott,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Louis  William  Crampton.  His  maternal  grand- 
father was  Charles  Philpott.  His  father  was  a 
large  landholder  in  Frederick  county,  Md.  He  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  was  graduated  at 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Maryland  in  1869.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  In  1875  he  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  from  Pennsyl- 
vania; was  given  the  rank  of  captain  in  ISsO,  and 
that  of  major  and  surgeon  in  1895,  serving  at 
various  pests  throughout  the  country  during  that 
period.  During  the  Spanish-American  war  he 
served  with  the  5th  army  corps  in  the  campaign 
in  Cuba,  and  subsequently  became  chief  surgeon  of 
the  military  district  of  Iloilo,  Philippine  Islands; 
was  later  given  charge  of  the  medical  supply 
depot,  Manila,  and  finally  was  appointed  disburs- 
ing officer  in  charge  of  the  public  civil  funds  for 


the  purchase  and  distribution  of  medicine  to  in- 
digent natives.  During  1902-09  he  filled  various 
positions  in  America,  returning  to  the  Philippines 
in  the  latter  year  as  chief  surgeon,  Philippine 
division.  He  would  have  been  retired  in  1912, 
but  died  before  expiration  of  the  time  limit.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Association  of  Military  Sur- 
geons and  the  American  Medical  Association.  He 
was  a  gentle,  lovable  character;  a  sympathetic  and 
capable  physician,  and  an  excellent  administrator. 
During  his  many  years  of  service  he  endeared  him- 
self to  his  associates,  who  were  devoted  to  him,  and 
loved  him  for  his  sterling  qualities.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  studying,  reading  and  hunting 
He  was  married  (first)  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  Dec  30, 
1876,  to  Ella  Thomas,  and  (second)  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Nov.  9,  1905,  to  Manette,  daughter  of  Charles 
Scudder,  who  survives  him.  He  died  at  San 
Bernardino,  Cal.,  Apr.  12,  1912. 

FARLEY,  Edward  Phillip,  marine  engineer 
and  shipbuilder,  was  born  at  Madison,  Wis.,  Oct. 
18,  1886,  son  of  James  Edward  and  Lucy  (Nolan) 
Farley.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Phillip  Farley,  who  came  from  Scotland  iu 
1826,  and  settled  at  Boston,  Mass.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth  Keenau.  Their  son,  Edward  Farley  and 
his  wife  Mary  (Lonergau),  were  the  grandparents 
of  Edward  P.  Farley.  James  E.  Farley,  father 
of  the  subject,  a  native  of  Boston,  removed  with 
his  father  to  Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  lived  until 
his  death  in  1910.  Edward  P.  Farley  en-  ' 
tered  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  Later  he 
had  four  years  of  study  and  work  in  marine  en- 
gineering and  shipyards.  In  1909  he  organized 
the  business  of  Edward  P.  Farley  &  Co.,  Chicago, 
consulting  marine  engineers,  ship  and  engine 
builders  and  ship  brokers,  and  he  still  continues 
as  the  executive  head  of  the  company.  During  the 
time  America  was  at  war  with  Germany  he  gave 
most  of  his  time  to  the  work  of  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment, building  mine-sweepers  for  the  French 
navy,  and  ships  and  equipment  for  U.  S.  navy- 
He  is  a  director  in  the  Quebec  Shipbuilding  and 
Repair  Co.  and  Inderrieden  Canning  Co.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  New  York 
City,  and  of  the  Chicago  Yacht,  Midday,  and  Uni- 
versity Clubs,  Chicago.  Communicant  of  the  Cath- 
olic church.  He  was  married  Sept.  5,  1914,  to 
Elise,  daughter  of  Chauvin  V.  Inderrieden,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  J.  B.  Inderrieden  &  Co.,  of  Chi- 
cago. They  have  two  children,  Edward  Inder- 
rieden and  John  Chauvin  Farley. 

CORDTS,  John.  Nicholas,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Flatbush  in  Ulster  (formerly  Kingston),  Ulster 
county,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  17,  1865,  son  of  John  H.  and 
Elizabeth  (Lowe)  Cordts.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Wremen,  Hanover,  Germany,  came  to  America  in 
1837,  and  after  a  successful  business  venture  in 
New  York  city,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
brick  at  Cornwall,  N.  Y.,  in  1849.  He  went  to 
Kingston  in  1852,  and  in  1865  established  the  firm 
of  Cordts  &  Hutton,  which  for  years  conducted  a 
successful  brick  business  at  Kingston  Point.  He 
extended  his  activities  into  other  fields,  was  a 
director  in  the  Kingston  National  and  Rondout 
National  banks,  a  trustee  of  the  Kingston  Water 
Co.,  and  a  member  of  the  common  council.  The 
son  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Kingston  Academy,  where  his  course  was  inter- 
rupted when  the  impaired  health  of  his  father 
compelled  him  to  assume  the  responsibility  of  con- 
ducting his  large  business  enterprises,  and  at  the 
latter 's  death  he  succeeded  him  in  his  industrial. 
real  estate  and  banking  activities.  In  1894,  in 
association  with  Nicholas  Stock,  he  established  the 


0 


JOHX  N.  CORDTS 
MERCHANT 


LEE  H.  SMITH 
SURGEON 


WILLIAM  H.  PAGE 

LAWYER 


WATSOX  T.  DUNMORE 
LAWYER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


195 


tirrn  of  Stock  &  Cordts,  for  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  furniture,  and  he  continued  in  that  rela- 
tion until  his  death,  the  business  developing  into 
one  of  the  largest  of  that  industry  in  the  state. 
He  was  also  a  director  of  the  Kingston  National, 
Roundout  National  and  Roundout  Savings  banks. 
Mr.  Cordts  displayed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and 
for  a  number  of  years  was  prominent  in  the  public 
life  of  the  state  of  New  York.  In  1900  he  was  a 
Republican  presidential  elector,  and  in  1904,  1906 
and  1908  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  the 
first  session  he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
cities,  commerce  and  navigation,  public  education 
and  agriculture;  in  the  second  session  he  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  commerce  and  navi- 
gation, and  member  of  the  committees  on  finance, 
public  education,  and  agriculture,  retaining  all 
of  these  appointments  during  his  third  term.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Kingston  City  Hospital  and  of  the  Cornell  and 
John  N.  Cordts  Hose  companies,  the  latter  of 
which,  named  in  his  honor,  he  served  as  president 
from  its  organization.  He  was  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  Pratt  Post,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
and  a  member  also  of  the  National  Historical  and 
Biographical  Society,  the  New  York  State  Chari- 
ties Aid  Association,  Kingston  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  and  Veteran  Volunteer  Fire- 
men 's  Association,  Kingston  Lodge,  No.  550,  B.  & 
P.  O.  E.,  Albany  Club,  Kingston  Club,  Rondout 
Club,  Rondout  Yacht  Club,  The  Wittenberg  Club, 
Kenozia  Lake  Club  and  Automobile  Club  of  Ulster 
county  and  The  Twaalfskill  Golf  Club  of  Kings- 
ton, N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  and  generous  sup- 
porter of  the  Immanuel  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  of  which  his  father  was  a  founder.  Only 
those  near  to  him  knew  the  scope  of  his  generosity 
and  beneficence  and  even  they  knew  not  all.  And 
he  gave  of  himself  no  less  freely  than  of  his 
means.  His  prompt,  generous  and  tactful  sym- 
pathy is  a  beautiful  memory  to  many  whom  he 
heartened  in  the  darkest  hours.  He  was  always 
genial  and  approachable.  One  of  his  chief  de- 
lights consisted  in  counselling  and  assisting  those 
who  had  suffered  reverses  of  fortune  or  were  for 
some  other  reason  in  need  of  material  or  moral 
assistance.  He  was  a  loyal  and  faithful  friend. 
His  public  career  was  characterized  by  high  in- 
tegrity of  purpose  and  by  unswerving  moral  recti- 
tude. His  voice  and  vote  were  ever  on  the  side  of 
that  which  is  regarded  right  and  equitable.  He 
was  married  June  21,  1893,  to  Matilda  Loretta, 
daughter  of  Michael  Stock,  of  Kingston,  and  had 
three  children,  Florence  Elizabeth,  John  Nicholas, 
and  Matilda  Stock  Cordts.  He  was  a  devoted  and 
loving  husband  and  a  benign  and  indulgent  father 
who  always  considered  sacred  his  duties  to  his 
wife  and  children.  He  died  at  Kingston,  N.  Y., 
July  2,  1913. 

SMITH,  Lee  Herbert,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
CoJneaut,  O.,  Aug.  10,  1856,  son  of  James  Plum- 
mer  and  Louise  (Paden)  Smith,  and  grandson  of 
Abel  Smith,  a  glass  manufacturer,  who  married  a 
daughter  of  Gov.  Applegate,  of  New  Jersey.  Lee 
H.  Smith  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Conneaut  and  Buffalo,  and  was  graduated  M.D. 
at  the  University  of  Buffalo  in  1876,  taking  prizes 
on  three  subjects.  A  year  later  he  received  the 
same  degree  at  the  college  of  medicine  of  Buffalo 
University,  and  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Buffalo.  He  took  a  special  course  in 
surgery  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Columbia  University,  receiving  the  degree  of 
M.D.  from  that  institution  in  1881.  He  has  since 
specialized  in  abdominal  surgery  and  diseases  of 


the  abdomen,  and  it  is  said  that  his  operations 
in  litholapaxy  is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  sur- 
geon in  the  United  States.  Out  of  some  400  oper- 
ations of  this  character  he  has  had  but  one  death. 
He  h.is  also  improved  the  operation  for  hernia  by 
the  use  of  an  insoluble  suture  and  a  small  incision 
so  that  the  patient  is  required  to  remain  but  one 
day  in  bed.  In  performing  the  latter  operation  he 
has  never  had  a  death.  He  is  also  an  authority 
on  myomata.  During  1892-11H4  Dr.  Smith  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  state  board  of  medical 
examiners,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  questions 
committee.  He  has  had  charge,  for  a  long  period, 
of  the  Invalids'  Hotel  and  Surgical  Institute  at 
Buffalo,  and  he  has  been  a  director  and  since 
1S86  vice-president  of  the  World  's  Dispensary  and 
Medical  Association.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
president,  or  vice-president,  of  the  Buffalo  Society 
of  Natural  Sciences.  As  his  favorite  pursuit  is  the 
study  of  natural  science,  especially  in  the  fields  of 
archaeology  and  paleontology,  he  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  society,  and  has  been  useful 
in  extending  the  teaching  of  natural  science  in  the 
public  schools.  He  is  past  president  of  the  New 
York  State  Eclectic  Society;  past  president  of  the 
Automobile  Club  of  Buffalo;  director  of  the  Buf- 
falo Historical  Society;  life  member  of  the  Buffalo 
Fine  Arts  Society;  was  fleet  surgeon  of  the  Buf- 
falo Yacht  Club ;  member  of  the  National  Eclectic 
Medical  Association,  Ellicott  Club,  Buffalo  Club, 
National  Eclectic  Society,  Western  New  York  Med- 
ical Society,  and  the  Ancient  Landmarks  lodge, 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  He  served  as  ord- 
nance officer  of  the  74th  regiment,  New  York 
national  guard,  with  rank  of  captain.  After  ten 
years'  service  with  the  regiment,  during  which 
time  the  rifle  team  and  the  regimental  rifle  prac- 
tice were  brought  to  a  high  degree  of  efficiency, 
he  was  promoted  to  ordnance  oflicer  of  the  4th 
brigade,  with  rank  of  major.  He  has  seen  twenty- 
eight  years  of  service  in  the  state  militia,  and 
is  senior  ordnance  officer  in  the  state.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  and  president  of  the  Seventy- 
fourth  Regiment  Veterans'  Association.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church.  He  was  married  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  5.  1880,  to  Corrie  Emma,  daughter 
of  Clark  B.  Lacy,  of  the  American  Express  Co., 
and  granddaughter  of  John  T.  Lacy,  treasurer 
and  organizer  of  that  company,  and  has  one  son: 
Herbert  Lacy  Smith. 

PAGE,  William  Hussey,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Paris,  France,  Jan.  2,  1861,  son  of  William  Hussey 
and  Nancy  Hills  (Jenkins)  Page.  His  first  Amer- 
ican ancestor  was  Robert  Page,  a  native  of  Orms- 
by,  England,  who  came  over  to  the  colonies  in 
1670,  and  settled  at  Hampton,  N.  H.  From  him  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Francis 
(born  in  England),  who  married  Meritah  Smith; 
their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Sarah  Moulton; 
their  son  Daniel  ami  his  wife  Abigail  Dame;  their 
son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Hobbs;  and 
their  son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Huldah  Hussey, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  William  Hussey 
Page.  His  father,  Dr.  William  Hussey  Page,  was  a 
well-known  physician  of  Boston,  Mass.,  who  served 
as  a  volunteer  surgeon  in  the  Northern  Army  dur- 
in  the  Civil  War.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  in  the  Boston  Latin  School  and  at  Har- 
vard University,  being  graduated  A.  B.  at  the 
latter  in  1883.  In  the  same  year  he  went  to  New 
York  city  where  he  tauglit  school  for  a  year  and 
then  entered  the  Columbia  Law  School,  receiving 
his  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1886.  That  same  year 


196 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


he  entered  the  law  office  of  Lauterbach  &  Spin- 
garn,  afterwards  Hoadly,  Lauterbach  &  Johnson, 
and  there  remained  until  1898,  being  a  member  of 
the  firm  during  the  last  three  years.  After  prac- 
ticing1 alone  for  a  few  months,  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Ernest  Lee  Conant,  with  offices  in 
New  York  city  and  Havana,  Cuba,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Page  &  Couant  which  continued  until  I'.m.",, 
Later  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Page,  Craw- 
ford &  Tuska,  which  continued  until  1912.  He  has 
figured  conspicuously  in  many  important  litiga- 
tions, including  those  between  the  Third  Avenue 
Railroad  and  Metropolitan  Street  Railway  in 
1895-98,  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  Consolidation  in 
1902  and  the  Special  Franchise  Tax  cases  in  l!Hi:;. 
In  1894  he  was  appointed  by  Secretary  of  War 
Daniel  S.  Lamont  on  the  efficiency  committee  to 
reorganize  the  business  methods  of  the  war  de- 
partment. Its  recommendations  were  adopted. 
During  the  years  1884-86  he  was  instructor  of 
Spanish  at  the  Young  Men  's  Christian  Association 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Bar  Association,  the  New  York  State  Bar 
Association,  the  Bar  Association  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  the  New  York  County  Lawyers'  As- 
sociation and  the  New  York  Athletic,  (president 
1913-15),  Harvard,  Bankers'  National  Democratic, 
and  Somerset  Hills  Country  clubs,  also  the  Auto- 
mobile Club  of  America,  and  the  Aero  Club  of 
America.  He  is  interested  in  sports,  particularly 
boxing,  riding,  swimming  and  wrestling.  Mr. 
Page  was  married  Jan.  2,  1888,  to  Blanche,  daugh- 
ter of  Kingman  F.  Page  of  New  York  city  and 
has  six  children:  Richard  Marshall,  lawyer,  2nd 
Lt.  U.  S.  A.  (A.  S.  Sig.  R.  C.,  Bureau  of  Air- 
craft Production)  ;  William  Kingman,  mining 
engineer,  1st  Lt.  U.  S.  A.  (O.  R,  C.,  Ordnance 
Department)  ;  Douglas  Jenkins,  captain  U.  S.  A., 
cavalry;  Donald  Ormsby,  2nd  Lt.  TT.  S.  A. 
(Marines,  A.  E.  F.,  France)  ;  John  Harvard,  and 
Blanche  Page. 

DUNMORE,  Watson  Thomas,  lawyer  and 
financier,  was  born  at  Rush,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa., 
Mar.  L's,  1.X43,  son  of  Matthew  and  Sarah  S. 
(James)  Dunmore,  grandson  of  Larry  and  Irene 
(Fairchild)  Dunmore  and  great-grandson  of  Larry 
Dunmore,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Ireland 
prior  to  1790,  settling  at  Kingsbury  (now  Johns- 
town), N.  Y.,  and  served  in  the  war  of  1812. 
David  James,  our  subject's  maternal  great  grand- 
father, was  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war; 
at  the  end  of  his  service  he  was  presented  with  a 
certificate  by  George  Washington,  commending  his 
faithful  services  for  eight  years  (1775—83),  which 
is  filed  in  the  old  war  department  at  Washington. 
Watson  Thomas  Dunmore  attended  the  high  schmd 
at  Moutrose,  Pa.,  the  Wyoming  Seminary,  Kings- 
ton, Pa.,  and  was  graduated  at  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity, Middletown,  Conn.,  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
in  1871,  receiving  his  M.A.  degree  three  years 
later.  During  1871—73  he  served  as  principal  of 
the  high  school  at  Bradford,  Vt.  He  then  read 
law  with  ex-Gov.  Roswell  Farnham  (q.v.),'and  in 
June,  1874,  was  admitted  to  the  Vermont  bar. 
For  a  short  time  thereafter  he  served  as  superin- 
tendent of  schools  at  Horuellsville,  N.  Y.  Having 
passed  the  examination  of  the  Hamilton  College 
Law  School  in  1875,  which  institution  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.B.,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  New  York  state  bar.  That  same  year  he 
removed  to  Utica,  N.  Y.,  and  entered  upon  the 
active  practice  of  his  profession  in  association  with 
Smith  M.  Lindsay.  He  continued  in  this  connec- 
tion until  1883  when  the  firm  of  Searle,  Dunmore 
&  Willis  was  established.  In  1888  the  firm  became 


Dunmore  &  Sholes ;  in  1893  Dunmore,  Sholes  & 
Ferris;  in  1907  Dunmore  &  Ferris,  and  since  1916 
has  been  Dunmore,  Ferris  &  Dewey.  One  of 
the  most  important  cases  conducted  by  him 
was  that  of  Williams  vs.  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna  &  Western  Railroad  Co.,  which  was  finally 
decided  in  favor  of  his  client  after  twenty  years, 
and  has  been  cited  by  the  appellate  courts  over 
fifty  times.  He  was  elected  special  county  judge 
of  Oueida  county  in  1886,  which  office  he  hekl  by 
re-election  until  1S92.  In  the  latter  year  he  was 
elected  county  judge,  was  re-elected  in  1898,  and 
continued  in  office  until  1904,  at  which  time  he 
retired  and  resumed  his  private  practice,  having 
won  an  enviable  reputation.  Included  in  the  many 
notable  cases  over  which  he  presided  may  be  men- 
tioned: The  Forestport  Canal  Break  case  and 
the  Yernon  Bank  Burglary  cases.  Fair  and  honor- 
able in  all  things,  clean,  able,  upright  and  honest, 
he  won  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his  associates. 
Mr.  Dunmore  was  president  and  treasurer,  and 
also  served  as  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  New  York  State  League  of  building  and 
loan  associations,  and  at  the  world's  congress  of 
these  associations,  held  at  the  World's  Fair, 
Chicago,  in  1893,  he  was  one  of  five  Americans 
appointed  to  prepare  and  read  a  paper  on  the  sub- 
ject of  their  aims,  growth  and  outlook.  He  is 
president  and  trustee  of  and  attorney  for  the 
Homestead  Aid  Association  of  Utica ;  Highland 
Park  Association  and  the  Utica  Homeopathic 
Hospital;  president  of  the  Oneida  County  Bar 
Association ;  president  and  director  of  the  Com- 
mercial Warehouse  Co.;  ex- vice-president  and 
director  of  the  Allied  Real  Estate  Interests  of  the 
State  of  New  York;  vice-president  and  director  of 
the  Citizens'  Trust  Co.,  Utica;  and  a  director  of 
the  Utir.-i  Knitting  Co.  and  (  lavville  Knitting  Co. 
In  lV>x,  he  was  made  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Mt.  McGregor  Memorial  Association,  which 
has  charge  of  the  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  cottage. 
In  191.3  he  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  he  was  also  a  member  of  the 
.judiciary  and  civil  service  committees.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Yahnumlasis  Golf  (ex-president), 
Fort  Schuyler,  Utica  Republican,  Pine  Lake 
(director)  and  Arcanum  clubs,  and  of  the  Oneida 
Historical  Society,  and  he  is  affiliated  with  the 
Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  I'ythias  and  Masonic 
1'ratrrnities.  In  religious  belief  he  is  a  Presby- 
terian. His  favorite  diversions  are  golf  and 
bowling.  Mr.  Dunmore  was  twice  married:  (1) 
July  9,  1878,  to  Minnie  E.,  daughter  of  Jonathan 
Goodier,  of  I'ti.-a,  and  they  had  six  children: 
James  Sterling,  Watson  T.,  Jr.,  Clara  T.,  wife  of 
George  I.  Hovey;  Russell  G.,  Earl  W.  and  Delia 
Dunmore.  Mrs.  Dunmore  died  in  1904,  and  he  was 
married  {'2)  June  27,  190*,  to  Cora,  daughter  of 
Daniel  B.  Wheeler,  of  Lempster,  N.  H.  (Portrait 
opposite  previous  page). 

BRANCH,  Oliver  Ernesto,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Madison,  O.,  July  19,  1847,  son  of  William 
Witter  and  Lucy  J.  (Bartram)  Branch.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John 
Branch,  who  came  from  England  and  settled  in 
Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1638;  from  him  and  his  wife, 
May  Speed,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Peter  and  his  wife  Hannah  Lincoln; 
their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Ann  Lamb;  their 
son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Hannah  Witter,  and 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Lucretia  Tracy, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  William  Branch  was  a  revolutionary 
soldier  who,  with  others,  endured  the  sufferings  of 
the  terrible  winter  at  Valley  Forge;  he  was  one 


r^> 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


19T 


of  the  guards  at  the  trial  of  Maj.  Andre,  and 
aided  in  removing  his  body  from  the  gallows  after 
execution.  Our  subject's  father  \vas  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  for  Lake  county,  O., 
and  became  one  of  the  most  influential  citizens  of 
that  section,  securing  the  charter  for  the  Cleve- 
land, Painesville  &  Ashtabula  railroad  and  making 
the  beginning  from  which  originated  the  present 
great  Lake  Shore  system.  The  sou  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  at  Madi- 
son Seminary  and  Whitestown  Seminary,  'Whites- 
borough,  N.  Y.,  and  was  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College  iu  June,  1873.  For  two  years  thereafter 
he  served  as  principal  of  Forestville  Free  Academy 
and  Union  School,  at  Forestville,  N.  Y.  In  the 
autumn  of  1873  he  entered  Columbia  College  Law 
School,  where  he  was  graduated  in  May,  1^7 7, 
meanwhile  serving  as  instructor  in  Latin  and  his- 
tory in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  and  Collegiate 
Institute.  He  then  engaged  in  practice,  in  New 
York  city,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  John 
L.  Branch.  In  1883  he  removed  to  Weare,  N.  H., 
where  he  was  for  some  time  engaged  in  literary 
work.  In  1887  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  legislature  from  Weare  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  and  was  re-elected  in  18S9,  being  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate  for  speaker;  during  both  sessions 
he  served  as  a  member  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee. He  entered  actively  into  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Manchester  in  1889  and  soon 
gained  an  extensive  clientele.  His  specialty  was 
corporation  law,  and  during  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  was  counsel  for  the  Boston  &  Maine 
railroad  in  much  important  litigation.  He  was  lead- 
ing counsel  for  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  road 
in  the  suit  brought  to  recover  claims  of  the  state, 
amounting  to  $(350,000.  He  was  also  engaged  in 
the  famous  case  brought  before  the  Supreme 
Court,  by  quo  warranto  proceedings,  instituted  by 
Harry  Bingham,  et  al,  against  S.  S.  Jewett,  clerk 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  for  control  of 
the  legislature.  In  March,  1894,  he  was  ap- 
pointed I".  S.  district  attorney  by  Pres.  Cleve- 
land and  served  for  four  years  with  efficiency  and 
distinction.  While  a  resident  of  Weare,  he  served 
for  nine  years  as  moderator  of  that  town.  He  was 
a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  Delta  Upsilon 
of  Hamilton  College,  and  prominent  in  the 
New  England  Association  of  Hamilton  College 
Alumni.  In  1892»he  was  president  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Democratic  State  Convention.  He  was 
married,  Oct.  17,  1878,  to  Sarah  M.,  daughter  of 
John  W.  Chase,  of  Weare,  N.  H.  Mrs.  Branch 
died  in  October,  1906,  leaving  four  children: 
Oliver  Winslow,  jurist,  Dorothy  Witter,  wife  of 
Robert  Jackson;  Frederick  William  and  Randolph 
Wellington  Branch.  He  died  iu  Manchester,  N. 
H.,  June  22,  1916. 

THORNE,  Clifford,  lawyer  and  economist,  was 
born  at  Brooklyn,  la.,  Jan."  20,  1878,  son  of  Wil- 
liam George  ami  Rachel  Mary  (Young)  Thome. 
His  father,  originally  a  Quaker,  was  for  forty- 
three  years  a  Methodist  preacher  in  the  Iowa  con- 
ference. Clifford  Thome  was  graduated  A.B.  at 
Boston  University,  in  1896;  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  including  the  College  of  Law  of 
that  institution,  in  1899,  with  the  degrees,  A.M. 
and  LL.B.  Yale  University  awarded  him  a  fel- 
lowship iu  1900,  and  in  1901  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Iowa  and  the  Federal  courts,  in  1899,  and  in  that 
year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Wash- 
ington, la.  In  1906,  he  filed  the  memorial  with 
congress,  Sec.  Garfield,  and  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  on  behalf  of  the  Kansas  Oil 


Producers'  Association,  which  caused  the  investi- 
gation of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.,  by  the  Commis- 
sion, and  which  was  subsequently  followed  by  the 
prosecution  of  the  company  by  the  U.  S.   depart- 
ment of  justice,  which  resulted  in  the   dissolution 
of  the  Standard.     He  is  the  author  of  the  Iowa 
anti-discrimination    law,    passed    in    1907,    forliid- 
ding  corporations  to  sell  the  same  commodities  at 
different  prices,  in  different  localities,  for  the  pur- 
pose   of    destroving   competition,    and   was   chair- 
man of  the  legislative  committee  of  the  Kansas 
Oil   Producers'   Association   at   the   time  that   law 
was  enacted  in  other  states.     This  same  principle 
lias    since    been    embodied    in    the    Clayton    act 
by     congress.        He     was     special     counsel     for 
the     American     National     Live     Stock     Associa- 
tion,    Corn    Belt    Association,    and    Co-operative 
Grain   Dealers'   Association,   having  an   aggregate 
membership    of    over    300,000,    in    the    Advanced 
Rate   Cases  of   1910,   before  the   Interstate   Com- 
merce   Commission,    the   two    cases    involving   ap- 
proximately  $50,000,000   per  year.     Other  organ- 
izations were   represented  by  various  counsel;   all 
advances  were  denied.     He  is  author  of  the  Iowa 
commerce    counsel    law,    passed    in    1911,    furnish- 
ing the   public   with   an   advocate   before   commis- 
sions   and   courts    on    railroad   matters.      This   of- 
ficial, who  is  independent  of  other  departments,  is 
required  to  give  his  whole  time  to  this  work  as  a 
s|ic'c-ialist.      This  was   the  first   department   of   the 
kind  in  the  United  States.     He  was  chairman  of  a 
committee    representing    eight    western    states,    as 
amici  curiae,  in  the  Minnesota  rate  case,   before 
the  U.  S.  supreme  court,  in  1912.     The  state  com- 
missions re] presented  by  his  committee  had  seventy 
similar  cases  then  pending  in  the  federal   courts, 
practically   all   of   which   were   dismissed   by   the 
railroads  as  a  result  of  the  decision  of  the  supreme 
court.     It  was  an  epoch  making  decision,  in  estab- 
lishing the  functions  of  state  commissions  in  our 
scln'iiie  of  government,  and  in  laying  down  certain 
basic  principles  for  valuation  work.      He  had  charge 
of  the  case  securing  the  first  general  revision  of  in- 
ti'istate  freight  rates  for  the  state  of  Iowa.     He 
had    charge    for    sixteen    western    states    of    the 
Western  Freight  Advance  Case  of  1915,  before  the 
Interstate    Commerce    Commission,    in    which    the 
Commission  denied  advances  on  the  principal  farm 
products  of  the  west,  aggregating  $6,000,000   an- 
nually.    He  has  written  articles  for  the  "Ameri- 
can  "Law    Review,"    "Saturday    Evening    Post," 
"Public  Service  Regulation,"  and  other  journals, 
and   has   given   lectures   at  the   State   University 
of  Iowa.     In  1910  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Iowa   State   Railroad   Commission,   and   re-elected 
in   1914,   and  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  com- 
mission since  1912.     In  1914  he  was  unanimously 
elected  president  of  the  National  Association   of 
Railway  Commissioners,  which  is  composed  of  the 
Interstate   Commerce   Commission    and   forty-ei^ht 
state  commissions.     On  Jan.  1,  1917,  Mr.  Thome 
resigned  as  chairman  of  the  Iowa  Railroad  Com- 
mission to  resume  the  general  practice  of  law  at 
Chicago.     In  the  Spring  of  1917  he  was  chairman 
of  the  committee  representing  the  National  Ship- 
pers' Conference  before  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission   in   the   Fifteen   Per   Cent   case;    this 
organization   was  composed   of  representatives   of 
various   associations    (chiefly   oil,   live   stock,   and 
grain),   having   a   combined   membership   of   more 
than    1,500,000   shippers.      The   case   involved   ap- 
proximately $400,000.000   annually.     The  commis- 
sion denied  three-fourths  of  the  advances  involved. 
The  railroads  applied  for  a  reopening  of  the  case, 
which   was   granted.     On   the   rehearing,  the   rail- 


i!98 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


roads  announced  their  intention  to  ask  many  other 
advances  immediately,  as  other  industries  had  been 
doing.  Mr.  Thome,"  in  his  closing  argument  for 
the  shippers  claimed  that  the  time  had  finally 
arrived  for  the  United  States  government  to  take 
over  the  operation  of  American  railroads.  Within 
three  weeks  the  commission  made  this  recommenda- 
tion to  congress  and  within  six  weeks  I'res. 
Wilson  took  over  the  railroads.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Economic  Association,  American 
Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  and  the 
American  Bar  Association.  Wesleyan  College  of 
Iowa  gave  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in 
1913.  He  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  50th  Iowa 
luf.  during  the  Spanish-American  war.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  walking  and  horseback 
riding.  He  was  married  Feb.  14,  1918,  to  Ruth, 
daughter  of  W.  H.  Latta. 

WITHINGTON,  William  Herbert,  soldier, 
manufacturer  and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Dor- 
chester, Mass.,  Feb.  1,  1S35,  sou  of  William  and 
Elizabeth  W.  (Ford)  Withington.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Henry  Withing- 
ton,  who  came  from  England,  in  1635,  with  the 
company  of  Eev.  Richard  Mather  (q.v.),  the  first 
minister  at  Dorchester,  in  whose  church  Henry 
Wellington  was  ruling  elder.  Rev.  William  AVith- 
ington,  father  of  the  subject,  was  an  eloquent  and 
powerful  preacher,  and  a  mathematician  and  lin- 
guist of  more  than  ordinary  attainments.  The 
son  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Boston  and  at  Phillips  (Andover)  Academy.  He 
then  became  a  salesman  in  a  Boston  leather  store 
and  later  bookkeeper  for  the  North  Wayne  Scythe 
Co.  In  1857  he  entered  the  employ  of  Pinuey  & 
Lamson,  'manufacturers  (of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, at  Jackson,  Mich.  He  had  charge  not  only 
of  the  office,  but  the  shops  of  an  extensive  plant 
employing  many  workmen  and  a  large  corps  of 
traveling  salesmen.  In  1858  they  sold  out  to  the 
newly  organized  firm  of  Sprague,  Withington  & 
Co.,  afterwards  the  Withington  &  Cooley  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  manufacturers  of  farm  and  garden 
tools,  whose  trade  extends  to  Australia,  South 
America  and  throughout  Europe.  He  was  also 
president  of  the  Union  Bank,  Grand  River  Valley 
Railroad  Co.,  and  the  Jackson  Vehicle  Co.,  Jack- 
son; Withiugton  Handle  Co.,  Fort  Wayne  and 
Huntington,  Ind.;  Withington  &  Russell  Co.,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.;  Geneva  (O.)  Tool  Co.;  Oneida  Farm 
Tool  Co.,  TJtica,  N.  Y. ;  Webster  Wagon  Co.,  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.;  National  Snath  Co.,  Erie,  Pa.,  and 
the  Steel  Goods  Association,  New  York  city.  Since 
1875  he  was  also  a  director  in  the  Iowa  Farming 
Tool  Co.,  Fort  Madison,  la.  In  1902,  when  nearly  all 
the  manufacturers  of  agricultural  implements 
merged,  he  was  chosen  president,  and  thereafter 
a  large  part  of  his  time  was  spent  in  Cleveland,  O. 
His  interest  in  military  affairs  was  enthusiastic, 
and  he  aided  in  organizing  the  Jackson  Grays,  of 
which  he  was  captain  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war.  The  Grays  answered  Lincoln  's  first  call  for 
troops,  and  became  Co.  B,  1st  Mich.  Vol.  InT. 
He  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  anci 
participated  in  the  capture  of  Alexandria,  Va.; 
was  subsequently  taken  prisoner  at  the  first  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  being  confined  at  Richmond,  Charles- 
ton and  Columbia,  but  was  later  exchanged  and 
returned  to  Jackson.  He  was  awarded  one  of  the 
congressional  medals  of  honor  for  special  service  at 
Bull  Run — for  "most  distinguished  gallantry  in 
voluntarily  remaining  on  the  field,  under  heavy 
fire,  to  aid  and  succor  your  superior  officer." 
Later  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  17th  Mich, 
regiment  and  was  immediately  sent  into  the  Mary- 


land campaign  under  McClellau.  At  South  Moun- 
tain he  made  a  splendid  charge  upon  the  stono 
walls  behind  which  the  enemy  with  its  batteries 
was  posted,  drove  the  Confederates  down  the 
slope  of  the  mountain,  and  captured  300  prisoners, 
but  lost  more  than  a  hundred  of  his  own  men. 
Similar  valor  was  displayed  at  Antietam  by  hi3 
"Stonewall  Regiment,"  as  it  came  to  be  called, 
and  he  continued  in  command  until  March,  1863, 
when  he  resigned  his  commission.  Immediately 
following  he  was  made  brevet  brigadier-general 
for  "conspicuous  gallantry"  at  the  battle  of  Soufh 
Mountain,  being  one  of  the  youngest  men  in  the 
Federal  army  on  whom  so  high  an  honor  -was 
conferred.  He  became  a  dominant  factor  in  civic 
and  municipal  affairs,  as  well  as  in  Republican 
politics.  After  serving  as  alderman,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Michigan  house  of  representatives  in  1873, 
and  was  a  member  also  of  the  special  session  of 
1874.  He  was  the  originator  of  a  bill  providing  for 
the  creation  of  an  effective  state  militia;  became 
colonel  of  the  first  regiment  formed  in  accordance 
therewith,  and  when  the  state  troops  were  organ- 
ized into  a  brigade,  in  1879,  he  was  appointed 
brigadier-general,  resigning  in  1883.  He  was 
state  senator  during  1>.  91— 92,  and  was  delegate  to 
the  national  Republican  conventions  of  1876  and 
1892.  For  four  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  state  central  committee.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Michigan 
Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Kalamazoo,  and  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  Grand 
Rapids;  was  president  of  the  Jackson,  board  of 
trade;  an  organizer  and  president  of  the  Young 
Men 's  Library  Association,  anil  president  of  the 
Jackson  Public  Library.  He  was  past  department 
commander  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  and  a  member  also  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, Masonic  fraternity,  and  the  Michigan  and 
Detroit  clubs,  Jackson.  For  forty-two  years  he 
was  vestryman  and  for  twenty-two  years  warden 
of  St.  Paul 's  Protestant  Episcopal  parish,  and 
was  twice  delegate  to  the  triennial  general  con- 
vention of  his  church.  He  was  sturdy  of  charac- 
ter, and  his  success  was  built  on  a  foundation  of  in- 
telligence, zeal,  integrity,  loyalty  and  comradeship. 
He  was  married,  June  6,  1859,  to  Julia  C.,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  E.  Beebe,  a  manufacturer  of  Jack- 
son, Mich.;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children: 
Philip  H.,  of  Cleveland;  Winthrop,  Jackson,  and 
Kate  Winifred,  wife  of  Dr.  Flemming  Carrow, 
Traverse  City,  Mich.  He  died  at  Jackson,  Mich., 
June  27,  1903. 

PALTSITS,  Victor  Hugo,  librarian,  author 
and  editor,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  July  12, 
1867,  son  of  William  Thomas  and  Sidonia  Ida 
(Loose)  Paltsits.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Buda-Pest,  Hungary,  and  his  grandfather  was  a 
royal  banker  and  prominent  merchant,  owning 
the  largest  sugar  warehouse  in  Buda-Pest.  Victor 
H.  Paltsits  received  his  early  education  at  public 
and  private  schools  in  New  York  city  and  subse- 
quently took  a  four-year  scientific  course  at  the 
Cooper  Institute.  He  studied  German,  Latin, 
Greek.  Spanish  and  French  at  high  schools  and 
under  private  tutors,  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
Coptic  and  Egyptian  hieroglyphics  at  Columbia 
University,  and  taught  himself  Dutch  and  a  smat- 
tering of  several  other  languages.  In  1888  he 
became  connected  with  the  Lenox  Library  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  made  assistant  librarian 
in  the  reading  room  in  1890,  sub-librarian  in  1893, 
and  upon  the  consolidation  of  the  Lenox  Library 
in  the  New  York  Public  Library,  Astor,  Lenox 


\f- 


OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  199 

and  Tilden  Foundations,  in  1895,  hia  title  was  subject.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  Asso- 
changed  to  assistant  librarian.  As  assistant  elation  for  the  advancement  of  Science  and  the 
librarian  of  the  Lenox  Library  building  he  had  American  Ethnological  Society;  corresponding 
charge  of  the  reading  rooms,  performing  the  member  of  the  Maine  Historical  Society  and  the 
function  of  chief  reference  librarian.  In  1907-11  New  Jersey  Historical  Society;  a  founder  and 
he  served  as  state  historian  of  New  York,  and  member  of  the  council  of  the  Bronx  Society  of 
during  1911-14  was  associated  with  I.  N.  Phelps  Arts  and  Sciences;  honorary  member  of  the  Ticon- 
Stokes,  of  New  York  city,  as  chief  adviser  and  deroga,  Herkimer  County,  Montgomery  County 
investigator  on  a  monumental  work  in  three  and  the  Schenectady  County  Historical  societies, 
volumes  entitled  "The  Iconography  of  Manaat-  and  a  member  of  the  American  Antiquarian 
tan  Island,  Covering  Three  Centuries  of  Its  Society,  the  American  Anthropological  Assoeia- 
Topography  and  History."  He  organized,  and  tion,  the  American  Historical  Association  (for- 
sinee  191-i  has  been  in  charge  of  the  manuscript  merly  member  of  its  committee  on  bibliography 
division  in  the  New  York  Public  Library.  This  and  since  1913  chairman  of  its  public  archives 
collection  consists  of  several  hundred  thousand  commission),  the  American  Library  Association, 
pieces  and  is  valued  at  perhaps  $1,000,000.  As  the  Bibliographical  Society  of  America  (member 
state  historian  of  New  York,  Mr.  Paltsits  edited  of  its  publication  and  bulletin  committees,  1906 
"The  Minutes  of  the  Commissioners  for  Detect-  19091,  the  Bibliographical  Society  of  England, 
ing  and  Defeating  Conspiracies  in  the  State  of  Gesellschaft  fiir  Typeukunde  des  XVten  Jahrhun- 
New  York,  Albany  County  Sessions  1778-17S1"  derts,  The  National  Institute  of  Social  Science, 
(three  volumes,  1909-3910);  "Minutes  of  the  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  the  New  York 
Executive  Council  of  the  Province  of  New  York;  State  Historical  Association  (trustee  1910-12), 
Administration  of  Francis  Lovelace  1668-1673"  the  New  York  Library  Club  (president  190708, 
(two  volumes,  1910).  Ho  has  also  edited  "The  vice-president  1906-07,  treasurer  1905-06),  and  the 
Journal  of  Capt.  William  Pote,  Jr.  1745-1747"  Prince  Society  of  Boston.  Mr.  Paltsits  wag  mar- 
(189fi);  "Papers  Relating  to  the  Siege  of  ried,  July  21,  1891,  to  Ann,  daughter  of  Henry 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  1780"  (1898);  Rev.  John  Miiller,  of  New  York  city,  and  has  two  children: 
Miller's  "New  Yorke  Considered  and  Improved  Florence  and  Victor  John  Paltsits. 
1695"  (1903);  "Narrative  of  the  Captivity  of  INGRAM,  Frances,  singer,  was  born  in  Liver- 
Nehemiah  How,  1745-1747"  (1904),  and  has,  in  pool,  England,  Nov.  5,  1888,  daughter  of  William 
the  course  of  preparation,  an  edition  of  "The  and  Alice  (Doyle)  Ingram.  Her  father,  who  was 
Captivity  of  Capt.  John  Gyles,  16S9-1697. "  He  an  electrical  engineer,  came  to  America  in  1894. 
revised  Volumes  III  and  V  of  "Appletons'  Cyclo-  She  was  brought  to  the  United  States  in  1897; 
paedia  of  American  Biography,  edition  of  1898,  received  her  preliminary  education  at  Erasmus 
and  contributed  eighty-eight  new  biographical  Hall  high  school,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  was  gradu- 
sketches  to  the  supplements.  He  was  also  on  the  ated  at  Normal  College  for  Teachers,  Brooklyn, 
editorial  staff,  as  bibliographical  adviser,  of  "The  in  1906.  For  a  time  she  taught  school  in  Brook- 
Jesuit  Relations  and  Allied  Documents,"  seventy-  lyn.  She  made  her  debut  as  Lola  in  "Cavalleria 
three  volumes  (1896-1901),  and  was  critical  Rusticana,"  with  the  Chicago  Grand  Opera  Co.,  in 
adviser  on  historical  illustration  for  Avery's  Philadelphia,  in  November,  1912;  sang  with  the 
"History  of  the  United  States,"  of  which  only  Montreal  Grand  Opera  Co.,  season  of  1913-14; 
seven  volumes  were  published.  At  various  times  toured  as  concert  soloist,  1914-15;  was  again  with 
he  has  acted  as  critical  and  bibliographical  the  Chicago  Grand  Opera  Co.,  opening  December, 
adviser  to  other  American  publications,  and  is  the  1915,  and  later  for  ten  performances,  as  leading 
author  of  a  number  of  valuable  bibliographies,  contralto,  and  her  roles  included  "Carmen," 
including  "Contributions  to  a  Bibliography  of  "Faust,"  "II  Trovatore, "  "Aida, "  "Lohen- 
the  Lettres  edifiantes"  (1900);  "Bibliography  of  grin,"  "La  Giaconda,"  and  "Mme.  Butterfly." 
the  Separate  and  Collected  Works  of  Philip  She  has  since  been  engaged  in  concert  tours.  In 
Freneau"  (1903);  "Bibliography  of  the  Works  addition  to  a  natural  voice,  which  has  been 
of  Father  Louis  Hennepin "  (1903);  "Lewis  and  termed  by  many  competent  critics  the  finest 
Clark  Bibliography  for  the  Original  Journals  of  American  contralto,  she  has  an  extraordinary  per- 
Lewis  and  Clark,"  edited  by  R.  G.  Thwaites  sonality  and  charm.  Her  operatic  and  concert 
(1904),  and  "Bibliography  of  the  Voyages  of  successes  have  been  equally  great.  Her  concert 
Baron  de  Lahontan"  (1903).  He  is  also  editor-  programs  attract  unusual  attention  because  of 
in-chief,  since  1915,  of  "American  Book  Prices  their  diversity  and  her  evident  desire  to  make  a 
Current."  He  has  written  numerous  articles  for  popular  appeal,  while  at  the  same  time  attaining 
professional  magazines  and  reviews  on  historical  a  high  standard.  The  Chicago  ' '  Evening  Jour- 
and  bibliographical  subjects,  has  cooperated  ex-  nal"  heralded  her  as  "the  greatest  contralto  of 
tensively  with  much  of  the  historical  and  biblio-  her  generation,"  while  the  St.  Louis  "Post-Des- 
graphical  work  done  by  others  in  the  United  patch"  called  her  "an  opulent  and  finely- 
States  and  Canada,  and  is  the  author  of  a  mini-  trained  contralto. ' '  The  ' '  Rocky  Mountain 
ber  of  papers  read  before  the  American  Anti-  News,"  Denver,  remarked  her  "glorious  voice." 
quarian  Society,  the  Maine  Historical  Society,  the  Said  the  Louisville  "Times":  "The  gods  were 
New  York  State  Historical  Association,  the  Lake  in  an  amiable  mood  upon  the  day  when  Frances 
Champlain  Association  and  the  American  Histori-  Ingram  was  born;  they  bestowed  upon  her  beauty 
cal  Association.  His  paper  entitled  "Plan  arid  of  person,  a  voice  with  which  to  move  multitudes, 
Scope  for  a  Manual  of  Archival  Economy  for  the  a  brain  to  control  it,  and  that  indefinable  quality 
Use  of  American  Archivists,"  read  in  1912  at  the  we  call  charm."  The  Detroit  "News"  said:  "It 
fourth  annual  conference  of  archivists  held  under  did  not  take  the  large  audience  more  than  half 
the  auspices  of  the  American  Historical  Asso-  a  minute  to  appreciate  Miss  Ingram.  It  fell 
ciation,  was  the  first  systematic  presentation  of  in  love  with  her  in  the  midst  of  her  first  song, 
the  science  of  archives  in  America.  Mr.  Paltsits  What  caught  the  house  was  the  richness  of  the 
is  now  engaged  as  the  chairman  of  the  public  pure  contralto  tones,  the  warmth  and  color  of  the 
archives  commission  of  the  American  Historical  voice  audits  bigness."  The  Chicago  "Journal" 
Association  as  general  editor  of  a  volume  on  this  said  of  her  role  of  Suzuki  in  "Butterfly"  with 


200 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Geraldine  Farrar:  "Frances  Ingram  in  the  role 
of  Suzuki  was  far  and  away  the  best  singer  on 
the  stage. ' '  During  the  war,  Miss  Ingram  gave 
her  services  to  the  Commission  on  Training 
Camp  Activities,  singing  in  the  Liberty  Theatres, 
to  probably  more  soldiers  in  the  United  States 
than  any  one  singer.  The  Metropolitan  Opera 
Company  of  New  York  City  now  claims  her. 

TRAYLOR,  Melvin  Alvah,  banker,  was  born 
at  Breeding,  Ky.,  Oct.  21,  1S78,  son  of  James  Mil- 
ton and  Kitty  Frances  (Harvey)  Traylor.  Mel- 
Yin  A.  Traylor  spent  his  youth  on  his  father's 
farm,  attended  the  public  schools  in  Adair  co., 
Ky.,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age  moved  to  Hills- 
boro,  Tex.,  where  he  was  employed  in  a  grocery 
store  and  studied  law  at  nights.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1901,  was  soon  after  elected  city 
clerk  of  Hillsboro,  and  subsequently  became  as- 
sistant county  attorney  of  Hill  county.  His  career 
as  a  banker  began  in  1905  when  he  was  made 
cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Mnlone,  Tex.  Two  years 
thereafter  he  became  cashier  of  the  Citizens'  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Ballinger,  Tex.,  and  later  was 
made  vice-president.  When  the  Citizens'  National 
Bank  and  the  First  National  Bank  were  consoli- 
dated he  became  president.  In  1911  he  went  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  becoming  vice-president  of  the 
Stock  Yards  National  Bank  of  National  Stock 
Yards,  111.  In  1914  he  was  appointed  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Live  Stock  Exchange  National  Bank 
of  Chicago  and  president  of  the  Chicago  Cattle 
Loan  Co.  In  January,  1016,  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Live  Stock  Exchange  National  Bank 
of  Chicago.  In  January,  1919,  elected  President 
of  the  First  Trust  &  Savings,  and  vice-president 
First  National  Banks  of  Chicago,  and  a  dir«tor 
in  each;  also  director  in  Live  Stock  Exchange 
National  Bank,  Central  Manufacturing  District 
Bank,  National  Wool  Warehouse  &  Storage  Com- 
pany, and  Chicago  Cattle  Loan  Company.  II is 
clubs  are:  South  Shore  Country,  Midlothian,  Illi- 
nois Athletic,  Saddle  &  Sirloin,  of  which  he  is 
president,  Iroquois,  Chicago  Bankers,  of  which 
he  is  vice-president,  Cook  County  Bankers,  of 
which  he  is  president.  Also  member  of  American 
Institute  of  Banking,  Chicago  Real  Estate  Board, 
Finance  Committee  Chicago  Association  of  Com- 
merce, American  Acceptance  Council,  and  Execu- 
tive Council  American  Bankers  Association.  His 
favorite  recreation  is  golf.  Mr.  Traylor  is  a 
keen  and  aggressive  business  man.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  6,  1906,  to  Dorothy  Arnold,  daughter  of 
John  J.  Yerby,  of  Hillsboro,  Texas,  and  has  two 
children:  Nancy  Frances  and  Melvin  Alvah  Tray- 
lor, Jr. 

CHEANEY,  Edgar  Seymour,  lumberman,  was 
born  at  Petersburg,  111.,  Nov.  13,  1S58,  son  of 
.lames  W.  and  Sarah  Catherine  (Huughton) 
Cheaney  and  grandson  of  Edwin  and  Sallie  (Neal) 
Oieaney.  His  father  was  a  carpenter  and  con- 
tractor" Edgar  S.  Cheaney  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  and  before  attaining  his  majority 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  at  Petersburg. 
In  1S84  he  became  a  traveling  salesman  in  the 
employ  of  W.  A.  Kelley,  a  lumber  merchant  of 
Chicago,  and  in,  1*M)  joined  his  father  in  estab- 
lishing a  retail  lumber  business  at  Petersburg  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  E.  S.  Cheaney  &  Co.  Upon 
the  death  of  the  latter  in  1902,  he  relinquished  his 
duties  as  a  road  salesman  to  give  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  the  business  which  he  continued  indepen- 
dently until  his  death.  Under  his  personal  super- 
vision its  business  assumed  extensive  proportions, 
with  a  branch  yard  at  Athens,  111.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Illinois  Lumber  Dealers'  Association, 


the  first  man  to  serve  two  consecutive  terms,  und 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  He  was  a  pro- 
moter of  Old  Salem  Chautauqua  and  was  enthu- 
siastically interested  in  many  other  civic  and 
municipal  movements,  as  well  as  anything  look- 
ing toward  the  betterment  of  his  fellow  men  and 
the  community  in  which  he  lived.  He  possessed  a 
singular  and  winning  courtesy  and  a  striking  dig- 
nity of  bearing.  He  was  married  July  26,  1SSS,  to 
Margaret  S.,  daughter  of  P.  J.  Miller,  of  Peters- 
burg, 111.  She  survives  him  with  three  of  their 
five  children:  Caroline,  Herbert,  and  James  W. 
Cheaney.  He  died  at  Petersburg,  111.,  May  30, 
1914. 

NORMOYLE,    James    Edward,    soldier,    was 
born    at    Detroit,    Mich.,    Feb.    21,    1866,    son    of 
Patrick    Brown    and    Margaret    Stanley     (Kelly) 
Normoyle,    both    natives    of    Ireland.      His    father 
came  to   this   country   about    1S49,   and   settled   in 
Detroit,  Mich.     The  son  was  educated  in  the  public 
find  high    schools  of  Eock  Island,  and  was  graduated 
at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1889, 
being   assigned   as   second   lieutenant   to    the    23rd 
U.  S.  infantry.     In  1S97  he  was  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant,  became  captain  in   1899  and  in   1911, 
while   detailed   in   the   quartermaster's   corps,   was 
promoted   major.      He   was  in   Cuba   during  1898— 
1900,  and  in  1900-03  was  in  the  Philippines.     In 
1901  he  acted  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the  First 
District,  Northern  Luzon,  under  Gen.  J.  Franklin 
Bell.     He  first  came  into  public  notice  during  the 
Mexican  border  mobilization  of  1911.     As  captain 
he  was  detailed  to  handle  the  vexing  transportation 
problem  at  San  Antonio  anil  to  direct  the  work  of 
detraining    and    locating    the    troops,    and    within 
twenty-four  hours  troops  and  supplies  were  moving 
from   one   line    to    another. .    In    1912,    when   the 
Mississippi    river   overflowed   and   thousands  were 
reduced    to    destitution,    Pres.    Taft    ordered    the 
army   to    take    charge    of   the   work    of   relieving 
the    sufferers.      Maj.    Normoyle    was    given    the 
detail,    with    headquarters    at    Memphis,    and   with 
a   private    yacht    as    flagship    he    cruised    up    and 
down   the   river,   established  relief  stations,  super- 
intended the  transfer  of  thousands  to  safe  ground, 
provided    milk    for    babies   and    children,    clothing 
for  the  aged,  and  shelter  for  all.'     He  performed 
a  similar  service  in  19].°.,  following  the  flood  that 
overwhelmed    Dayton,    O.      His    chief   accomplish- 
ment, however,  was  as  quartermaster  at  Gettysburg 
upon  the  occasion  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
battle,   in  July,   191.1.     There   he   gave  a  brilliant 
illustration   of   what   can  be   accomplished   in   the 
event  of  conflict  and  the  mobilization  of  a  large 
army.     On   the   outskirts  of  a  provincial   town   of 
fewer  than  S.IMIO  population  Maj.  Normoyle  spread 
a   sanitary   canvas   city    that    provided   adequately 
and  comfortably  for  the  wants  of  more  than  40,000 
veterans   of   the   civil   war.      The   only   means   by 
which  these  men  could  be  transported  into  camp 
was  by  a  single-track  railroad  running  diagonally 
through   the   camp   space,   yet   all  were   detrained 
safely  within  a  period  of  twenty-four  hours,  while 
at  the  same  time  supplies,  many  of  them  of  perish- 
able character,  were  handled  over  this  same  single 
track  railroad.     He   caused  wells  to  be  dug  and 
water  piped  to  all  sections  of  the  camp ;  arranged 
cooling   fountains ;    installed   postoffices,   telegraph 
stations,  telephones,  electric  lights,  cooking  utensils, 
cooks   ami    helpers.      No    detail   of   these   arrange- 
ments invited  criticism.    The  death  roll  at  the  camp 
for  the  week  was  nine  veterans;   the  cause,  apo- 
plexy.     During    the    Spanish-American    war    there 
were   20.000  cases   of  typhoid   fever   in   our   army 


FRANCES  INGRAM 
SINGER 


MELVIN  A.  TRAYLOR 

BANKER 


EDGAR  S.  CHEANEY 
LUMBERMAN 


JAMES  E.  NORMOYLE 
SOLDIER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


201 


It  was  freely  acknowledged  by  foreign  military 
observers  as  well  as  our  own  that  the  planning  aud 
organization  of  this  great  camp  was  really  one  of 
the  most  efficient  pieces  of  quartermaster-work  that 
had  been  performed  up  to  that  time.  The  new 
Fort  Leaveuworth  is  a  monument  to  Maj.  Nor- 
moyle.  As  constructing  quartermaster  and  depot 
quartermaster  he  had  much  to  do  with  the  building 
of  the  modern  residences,  the  officers'  school  and 
other  structures  at  this  post.  His  last  work  there 
was  the  building  of  a  terminal  railway,  giving  the 
local  post  facilities  for  loading  and  unloading 
unequaled  at  any  other  post.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  determination,  was  an  indefatigable  worker, 
generous  to  a  fault,  impulsive  yet  very  just, 
hospital  and  cordial  to  all;  he  was  conscientious, 
tactful  and  the  soul  of  honor.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  commandant  at  Fort  Ontario.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Club,  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Carabao,  the  Elks,  and  the 
National  Geographic  Society.  He  was  married  at 
El  Paso,  Tex.,  Sept,  23,  1891,  to  Emma  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Ecker,  who  survives  him  with 
one  daughter,  Margaret  Ecker  Xormoyle.  He  died 
at  Fort  Ontario,  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  10,  1916. 

SHATTUCK,  Arthur,  concert  pianist,  was 
born  at  Neenah,  Wis.,  Apr.  19,  1881,  sou  of  Frank 
C'oolidge  and  Clara  (Merriman)  Shattuck,  and  a 
descendant  of  William  Shattuck  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England  in  1640  and  died  at  Water- 
town,  Mass.,  in  1672;  from  him  and  his  wife  Su- 
sanna (surname  unknown)  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Ruth 
Whitney;  their  son  William  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Underwood;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Silence 
Allen ;  their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Parmenter ;  their  sou  Abel  and  his  wife  Lydia 
Oak;  and  their  son  Truman  and  his  wife  Amanda, 
C'oolidge,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our  sub- 
ject. His  father,  a  pioneer  paper  manufacturer 
of  Wisconsin,  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Kimberly-Clark  Co.,  of  Neenah  and  Kimberly, 
whose  plant  is  now  (1920)  one>  of  the  six  largest 
paper  mills  in  the  world.  Arthur  Shattuck  showed 
unusual  musical  talent  at  an  early  age,  and  when 
five  years  old  began  the  study  of  the  piano  under 
the  instruction  of  his  mother  from  whom  he  in- 
herited his  taste  for  music.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  was  sent  abroad  to  study  with  Leschetizky,  in 
Vienna,  for  three  years.  After  a  year  spent  in 
his  native  country,  he  returned  to  Vienna  and  for 
four  years  more  continued  his  study  under  Lesche- 
tizky. His  professional  debut  was  made  in  Copen- 
hagen as  soloist  with  the  Royal  Philharmonic  Or- 
chestra when  he  was  twenty.  He  established  him- 
self in  Paris  and  divided  his  time  between  study 
and  concertizing,  touring  England,  France,  Hol- 
land, Austria,  Bohemia,  Hungary,  and  Germany, 
as  well  as  the  outlying  centers  of  Scandinavia, 
Italy,  the  Balkan  countries  and  Egypt.  In  the 
northern  countries  he  was  especially  popular,  and 
made  a  tour  of  Icelandic  cities  in  1910,  the  first 
artist  of  prominence  to  visit  this  region.  He  mas- 
tered several  Scandinavian  languages  and  became 
associated  with  the  leading  personages  in  the  mu- 
sical and  literary  circles  of  Norway,  Sweden,  Den- 
mark and  Finland,  being  a  guest  at  the  pa-lace  of 
King  Haakon  and  Queen  Maude,  Kristiania, 
played  before  the  royal  family  of  Sweden,  and 
after  playing  as  soloist  with  the  royal  orchestra 
of  Roumania,  was  commanded  to  play  for  Queen 
Elisabeth  (Carmen  Sylva)  at  her  casHe  in'Sinaia, 
near  Bucharest,  He  came  to  America  for  the  sea- 
son of  1911-12  and  toured  the  country,  making  his 
debut  in  New  York  as  soloist  with  the  New  York 


Symphony  Orchestra,  Walter  Damrosch  conduct- 
ing. The  following  year  he  again  went  abroad 
and  continued  his  tours  until  December,  after  the 
outbreak  of  the  European  war.  Since  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  has  made  four  tours  cover- 
ing the  principal  cities  of  this  country,  from  New 
York  and  Boston  to  San  Francisco,  playing  with 
all  the  leading  orchestras,  in  the  latter  city  mak- 
ing his  first  appearance  in  March,  1917,  as  soloist 
with  the  San  Francisco  Symphony  Orchestra  un- 
der the  direction  of  Alfred  Hertz.  In  addition  to 
achieving  rank  as  one  of  the  great  pianists  «f  the 
present  day,  Shattuck  is  noted  as  a  clever  car- 
toonist, and  an  accomplished  linguist,  speaking 
fluently  six  languages  besides  his  native  English. 
Though  not  of  robust  physique,  he  is  fond  of  out- 
door life,  and  is  an  enthusiastic  yachtsman.  In  his 
power  yacht  "Mignon"  he  has  cruised  the  At- 
lantic coast  and  the  Great  Lakes,  resigning  that 
pastime,  however,  when  the  United  States  entered 
into  the  war  against  Germany,  and  offering  his 
yacht  to  the  government  for  scout  service.  He 
also  signed  over  for  war  relief  the  income  from 
his  estate,  committing  himself  to  living  on  the 
earnings  of  his  profession  during  the  period  of 
the  war.  A  man  of  ardent  faith  and  intense  con- 
victions, he  is  nevertheless  singularly  free  from 
prejudice,  aud  his  essential  and  most  conspicuous 
traits  are  humility  of  spirit  and  kindly  tolerance. 
He  is  unmarried. 

KENNEDY,  Robert  Patterson,  soldier  and 
lawyer,  was  burn  at  Bellefontaine,  O.,  Jan.  23, 
1840,  son  of  William  G.  and  Mary  E,  (Patterson) 
Kennedy.  His  father,  a  native  of  Hagerstown, 
Maryland,  was  a  merchant.  Robert  Patterson 
Kennedy  was  a  student  at  Yale  University,  and 
at  Geneva  College,  class  of  1S61.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  he  returned  home  from  Ms  studies 
and  enlisted  as  a  private  in  a  company  of  three 
months'  men  which  became  a  unit  in  the  13th 
regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  elected 
2d  lieutenant.  He  at  once  organized  another  com- 
pany, as  three  months'  men,  but  it  was  turned 
into  a  three  years'  company,  becoming  company  P, 
of  the  2:id  Ohio  volunteers.  The  first  colonel  of 
this  regiment  was  William  S.  Rosecrans,  after- 
ward major-general.  Among  its  later  colonels  was 
Rutherford  B.  Hayes.  William  McKinley  was  a 
junior  officer,  and  Stanley  Matthews,  afterwards 
a  judge  of  the  U.  S.  supreme  court,  was  one 
of  the  regiment 's  lieutenant-colonels.  Robert 
Patterson  Kennedy  was  successively  adjutant-gen- 
eral 1st  brigade  Kanawha  division  (1861-62)  ;  as- 
sistant adjutant-general  2d  Kanawha  division,  staff 
of  C»l.  E.  P.  Scammou,  9th  corps,  Army  of  the 
Potomac;  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general 
staff  of  Gen.  George  Crook,  9th  corps,  Army  of 
the  Potomac;  adjutant -general  2d  cavalry  division 
staffs  of  Gens.  Crook  and  Garrard,  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  (1S63-64)  ;  promoted  major  and  as- 
sistant adjutant-general  of  volunteers,  November, 
1S64;  adjutant-general  ami  chief  of  staff,  Maj.- 
Gen.  Crook,  Army  of  West  Virginia;  adjutant- 
general  middle  military  division,  staff  of  Gen. 
Hancock;  appointed  colonel  196th  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry,  April,  1865,  and  he  was 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers  in  March, 
1865,  for  "gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  campaign  in  West  Virginia  and  Shenandoah 
Valley, ' '  and  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers on  the  same  day  for  "distinguished  gallantry 
during  the  war. ''  He  was  honorably  discharged  in 
September,  1865.  At  Antietam  he  was  in  tem- 
porary command  of  a  portion  of  the  left  wing  of 
the  army,  and  upon  review  of  *hat  army  on  the 


202 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


field  at  Antietnm  had  the  distinction  of  being 
called  to  the  trout  and  presented  to  Pres.  Lincoln 
as  ' '  the  youngest  commander  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.'.'  At  the  close  of  hostilities  he  studied 
law  at  Bellefontaiue  under  the  preeeptorship  of 
Judge  William  H.  West  and  James  Walker;  was 
admitted  to  the  Ohio  bar  in  1866,  and  immediately 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Bellefon- 
taine,  forming  a  partnership  with  his  erstwhile 
preceptors  as  West,  Walker  &  Kennedy.  This 
relation  continued  until  1878  when  Pres.  Hayes 
appointed  him  collector  of  internal  revenue,  he 
serving  five  years  in  that  capacity.  He  was  lieu- 
•tenant-governor  of  Ohio  during  1SP6-87.  He  was 
elected  to  the  50th  and  51st  congresses,  si  .-ving 
during  1887-91.  In  1S99  Pres.  McKinley  ap- 
pointed him  president  of  the  I'.  S.  Insular  Com- 
mission to  investigate  conditions  anil  formulate  a 
code  of  laws  for  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico.  In  1885 
he  was  a  candidate  before  the  Ohio  state  Republi- 
can  convention  for  governor,  being  defeated  by 
Foraker.  He  was  at  one  time  editor  and  part 
owner  of  the  daily  and  weekly  "  Index-Republi- 
can," Bellefontaine.  He  was  a  charter  member 
and  commander  of  his  post,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic ;  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  also 
of  the  American  Bar  Association,  Ohio  Sta;e  Bar 
Association,  Bellefontaine  Bar  Association,  and 
various  social  organizations.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Bellefontaine  library  board  of  trustees;  member 
building  committee  First  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
teacher  in  the  Men 's  Brotherhood  class  of  that 
church.  He  started  the  Bellefontaine  tree  com- 
mission, and  was  one  of  the  "grand  old  men" 
of  his  native  city,  foremost  in  every  effort  for 
betterment.  A  leader  in  the  city's  social  life,  an 
ardent  supporter  of  temperance  and  morality,  and 
always  to  be  found  on  the  right  side  of  every 
mooted  question.  Because  of  his  splendid  courage 
both  in  his  profession  and  in  politics,  his  un- 
swerving stand  for  the  right,  regardless  of  the 
opposition  that  confronted  him,  his  friends  gave 
him  the  title  of  "King  Bob."  He  was  married 
(1)  at  Bellefontaine,  Dec.  29,  1862,  to  Maria  Lew- 
is, daughter  of  Gen.  Isaac  Gardner,  of  Bellefon- 
taine. She  died  in  1S93.  He  was  married  (2)  at 
Wabash,  Ind.,  Sept.  4,  1894,  to  Emma  (Cowgill) 
Mendenhall,  daughter  of  Calvin  Cowgill,  a  lawyer, 
of  Wabash;  she  survives  him,  with  four  children 
by  the  first  union:  Isaac  G.,  Dayton,  O.;  William 
C.,  a  merchant,  Columbus  O. ;  Chas.  G.,  a  travel- 
ing salesman,  Urbana,  0.,  and  (Miss)  Dade  Ken- 
nedy, Bellefontaine.  He  died  at  Bellefontaine, 
O.,  May  ti,  1H1S. 

SPRAGUE,  Thomas,  manufacturer  and  capi- 
talist, was  born  at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  May  15, 
1845,  son  of  Edward  H.  and  Clara  (Smith) 
Sprague.  His  family  has  been  prominent  in  the 
financial,  industrial  and  social  history  of  Rhode 
Island  for  generations.  His  ancestry  is  traced 
back  to  Jonathan  Sprague,  first  mentioned  in 
Rhode  Island  history  in  1681,  who  for  many  years 
was  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  from  Prov- 
idence. He  was  speaker  of  that  body  in  1703; 
was  widely  known  as  a  Baptist  minister,  and 
wrote  the  able  and  spicy  letter  of  Feb.  23,  1722,  in 
answer  to  the  request  made  by  certain  Congrega- 
tional clergymen  of  Massachusetts  to  the  leading 
citizens  of  Providence.  The  family  by  marriage 
was  connected  with  Roger  Williams,  and  has  in 
later  years  given  to  the  world  such  men  of  letters 
as  Rev.  William  B.  Sprague,  of  Albany,  and 
Charles  Sprague,  the  poet,  of  Boston;  also  a 
celebrated  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  The 
Spragues  are  traced  back  through  Wales  and  Hol- 


land to  an  Italian  origin.  William  Sprague  (q.v.), 
of  Cranston,  R.  I.,  early  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  cloths,  spinning  tne  yarn 
and  giving  the  weaving  to  families  in  the  country 
near  and  far.  He  was  the  first  to  introduce  the 
art  of  calico-printing  in  its  original  forms,  be- 
ginning with  the  styles  known  as  ' '  Indigo  Blues. ' ' 
These  works  were  constructed  at  Cranston,  and  his 
sons,  Amasa  and  William,  were  received  into  busi- 
ness with  him  as  partners,  and  new  cotton  mills 
were  erected  at  Cranston,  Johnston  and  Natick, 
and  throughout  the  United  States  arose  a  great 
demand  for  the  calicoes.  He  married  Anne  Pot- 
ter, whose  mother  was  a  Williams  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Roger  Williams.  Tlu.mas  Sprague, 
grandfather  of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Provi- 
dence, was  for  many  years  captain  of  a  sailing 
vessel  and  later  became  a  successful  cotton  manu- 
facturer at  Spragueville,  R.  I.  Edward  H. 
Sprague,  father  of  the  subject,  also  a  native  of 
Providence,  was  a  cotton  manufacturer  of  Woon- 
soeket,  R.  I.  He  served  in  the  Rhode  Island  state 
militia  and  was  prominent  in  the  suppression  of 
the  Dorr  Rebellion  in  1*42.  In  1S61  he  settled 
in  Boston  and  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Manufacturers'  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of 
which  he  was  secretary  until  his  death,  in  1891. 
Thomas  Sprague,  the  subject,  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Woonsocket.  At 
seventeen  he  enlisted  for  the  civil  war  in  the  fam- 
ous Bigelow  battery,  and  9th  Massachusetts  bat- 
tery, and  rendered  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  until  the  close  of  the  war,  participating 
in  the  battles  of  Gettysburg,  the  Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Bethesda  Church  and 
the  assaults  on  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  in  June,  1^65.  At  the 
close  of  hostilities  he  entered  the  railroad  servi.v 
with  the  Boston  &  Albany  road,  later  was  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Lines  in  Ohio,  and  thereafter  was 
successively  with  the  Hartford,  Providence  to  Fish- 
kill  Railroad  Co.,  New  York  and  New  England 
Railroad  Co.,  and  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad  Co.,  his  railroad  experience  covering 
a  period  of  nineteen  years,  during  which  he  ac- 
quired a  practical  knowledge  of  all  its  details.  In 
1886  he  settled  at  Scranton,  Pa.,  and  entered  the 
coal  business  with  William  T.  Smith,  continuing  in 
that  relation  until  1900.  He  then  formed  the 
firm  of  Sprague  &  Henwood,  manufacturers  of 
diamond  drills,  and  whose  business  became,  and 
remains,  extensive  in  the  coal  operating  world.  He 
continued  in  this  capacity  until  his  death,  ami 
was  also  a  dominant  factor  in  the  Sullivan 
Diamond  Drill  Co.,  Scranton,  and  was  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  People's  National  Bank,  one  of  the 
largest  financial  institutions  of  Scranton,  and  vice- 
president  also  of  the  People 's  Savings  &  Dime 
Bank,  Scranton.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Pennsylvania  State  Hospital,  Scran- 
ton, and  a  trustee  of  St.  Luke  's  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  that  city.  His  political  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  automobiling.  While  banking 
and  manufacturing  were  his  chief  business  inter- 
ests he  embraced  every  opportunity  to  further  the 
industrial  and  social  interests  of  his  adopted  city. 
For  his  comrades  of  the  war  he  cherished  the  most 
kindly  regard  and  always  participated  so  far  as 
possible  in  the  activities  of  the  Grand  Army  and 
the  Loyal  Legion.  He  was  married  in  Columbus, 
O.,  Sept.  18,  1S73,  to  Frances  E.,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Duncan,  a  farmer,  of  Columbus.  She  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  at  Altamonte  Springs,  Fla., 
Mar.  1,  191S.  (Portrait  opposite  page  20o.) 


:• 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


203 


PALMEU,  Henry  Wilbur,  lawyer,  legislator 
ami  humanitarian,  was  born  at  Clifford,  Susque- 
hanna  co.,  Pa.,  July  10,  1839,  son  of  Gideon  Wil- 
bur and  Elizabeth  (Burdick)  Palmer.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Thomas  Palmer, 
who  came  from  England  in  the  ship  "Fortune" 
in  1621  and  settled  in  Massachusetts.  From  him 
and  his  wife  Frances  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  William,  and  through  succeeding 
generations  to  Gideon  Palmer  and  his  wife  Clarissa 
Walkins,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Henry  W. 
Palmer.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  the  subject 
was  Billings  Burdick,  of  Hopkinton,  E.  I.,  an  offi- 
cer in  the  war  of  1812.  Maj.  Gideon  Wilbur 
Palmer,  father  of  the  subject,  established  the 
family  homestead  in  northeastern  Pennsylvania  in 
1S37,  engaging  in  farming  and  saw-mill  opera- 
tions. He  served  as  constable,  justice  of  the  peace, 
sheriff  of  Luzerne  county,  member  of  Pennsyl- 
vania legislature,  paymaster  in  the  U.  S.  army, 
and  sat  as  a  delegate  in  the  constitutional  con- 
vention of  1S72-73,  in  which  body  he  bore  a  con- 
spicuous part.  He  removed  to  Carbondale,  Pa., 
in  1S44,  and  in  1851  settled  in  Wilkes-Barre. 
Henry  W.  Palmer  was  a  student  at  Wyoming  Sem- 
inary, Kingston,  Pa.,  during  1S50-56.  In  the  lat- 
ter year  he  became  rodmau  with  a  corps  of  en- 
gineers engaged  in  constructing  the  railroad  be- 
'tweeu  Scranton  and  Catawissa,  and  was  in  charge 
of  the  division  between  Nantieoke  and  Beach 
Haven.  Subsequently  he  studied  at  Fort  Edward 
(N.  Y.)  Institute.  He  was  graduated  at  State 
National  Law  School,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  in 
I860,  with  the  degree  LL.B.,  and  in  that  year  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  York,  and  to  the  bar 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1861.  In  the  latter  year  he 
became  an  associate  in  the  office  of  Garrick  M. 
Harding,  Wilkes-Barre,  then  district  attorney  of 
Luzerne  county,  and  was  also  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the  county  prothonotary.  Later  in  the  same 
year  he  begait  independent  practice.  In  1862  he 
was  made  paymaster 's  clerk  in  New  Orleans, 
where  his  father,  a  newly  appointed  paymaster  in 
the  Federal  service,  was  stationed.  He  resumed 
his  law  practice  in  Wilkes-Barre  in  1863,  gradu- 
ally acquiring  a  large  practice,  and  achieving  ex- 
traordinary success  Although  pre-eminently  an 
advocate,  his  practice  ranged  over  the  entire  field 
of  equity,  in  all  state  and  federal  courts  of  the 
district.  He  practiced  alone  until  1S70,  when  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Garrick  M.  Harding, 
as  Harding  &  Palmer,  which  continued  until  his 
partner  was  elevated  to  the  bench.  A  majority  of 
Judge  Harding 's  clients  then  became  his  own,  and 
for  nearly  half  a  century  he  was  connected  on  one 
side  or  the  other  with  almost  all  of  the  important 
litigation  of  the  district,  winning  distinction  as 
an  exponent  of  corporation  law.  His  political  life 
began  as  a  school  director  in  Wilkes-Barre,  and 
he  was  made  secretary  of  the  board  which  erected 
the  first  modern  schoolhouse  in  the  city.  In  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1872-73  he  was  one  of 
the  members  representing  Luzerne,  Monroe  and 
Pike  counties.  He  addressed  the  convention  on 
numerous  questions.  In  1S79  he  made  the  speech 
in  the  Republican  state  convention  placing  Henry 
M.  Hoyt  (q.v.)  before  the  convention  for  governor, 
and  Gov.  Hoyt  subsequently  selected  him  as  his 
attorney-general.  His  term,  1S79-S3,  was  a  trying 
one,  as'the  constitution  was  then  new.  His  initial 
experience  in  that  office  was  the  suit  started  by 
Gov.  Hartranft  for  the  oil  producers  against  the 
railroads  to  restrain  them  from  giving  rebates. 
This  suit  against  four  trunk  lines  Gen.  Palmer 
forced  to  a  settlement,  compelling  discontinuance 


of  the  practice.  By  his  prosecution  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Co.  was  compelled  to  pay  into  the 
state  treasury  a  large  amount  in  taxes  which  it 
had  disputed,  and  during  his  term  approximately 
$750,000  in  disputed  taxes  was  paid  into  the  treas- 
ury by  corporations.  Among  other  conspicuous 
features  of  his  administration  was  his  prosecution 
of  bogus  medical  colleges  and  insurance  concerns. 
He  handled  cases  involving  millions  with  consum- 
mate skill,  and  by  his  ability  proved  the  wisdom 
of  his  appointment.  His  controversy  over  the 
' '  salary  grab ' '  by  the  legislature  is  historical.  In 
18S9  tie  question  of  prohibition  was  voted  on,  he 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  state  prohibition  com- 
mittee, and  leading  the  fight  for  the  constitutional 
prohibitory  amendment  committee,  with  head- 
quarters in  Philadelphia.  The  amendment  was 
lost,  but  saloon  interests  were  partially  dethroned. 
In  1899  the  Luzerne  bar  endorsed  him  as  candi- 
date for  supreme  court  judge.  In  1898  he  had 
been  a.  candidate  before  the  convention  for  con- 
gress; he  was  again  a  candidate  in  1900,  and  was 
elected  to  the  57th  congress,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1902,  1904,  and  1908,  serving  also  in  the  58th, 
59th  and  61st  congresses.  He  made  his  presence 
felt  in  the  house  by  notable  speech  and  action; 
bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  impeachment 
against  Federal  Judge  Charles  Swayne,  served 
three  sessions  on  the  judiciary  committee,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  at  the  time 
of  the  impeachment.  He  declined  a  further  renom- 
ination  in  1910.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republi- 
can national  convention  in  1904.  His  legal  record 
in  the  supreme  court  is  to  be  found  in  220  cases  of 
the  state  reports.  His  last  public  service  was  as 
delegate  to  the  Lake  Mohonk  peace  congress,  and 
also  to  the  Brussels  peace  conference.  Aside 
from  his  legal  activities  he  was  vice-president 
of  Miners'  Bank;  director  of  Wilkes-Barre  Sav- 
ings Bank  and  People's  Bank,  and  was  actively 
interested  in  the  building  of  the  West  and  North 
Branch  Railroad,  later  operated  by  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Co.,  of  which  corporation  he  after- 
ward became  a  director.  Pres.  Roosevelt  ap- 
pointed him  a  delegate  to  the  congress  of  lawyers 
and  jurists,  in  1904,  and  in  1905  he  was  delegate 
to  the  Inter-Parliamentary  Union,  Brussels.  With 
Mrs.  Palmer  he  was  keenly  interested  in  the  suc- 
cess of  the  Boys '  Industrial  Association,  founded 
by  her  in  1S92.  He  was  a  member  of  various  law 
associations  and  was  a  communicant  of  St. 
Stephen's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He  had 
the  distinction  of  representing  Luzerne  county  in 
congress  longer  than  any  other  man  in  the  district. 
He  was  the  author  of  "Fifty  Years  at  the  Bar 
and  in  Politics,"  printed  posthumously.  He  mar- 
ried at  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  "1861,  Ellen 
M.,  daughter  of  George  W.  Webster,  a  merchant 
of  Plattsburg,  and  great-granddaughter  of  Capt. 
Joseph  Bradley,  an  officer  of  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion. Mrs.  Palmer  is  head  of  the  Boys'  Indus- 
trial Association;  vice-president  Boys'  Club  Fed- 
eration of  America;  past  vice-president  and  presi- 
dent Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union, 
Wilkes-Barre,  and  connected  with  various  charit- 
able institutions.  There  are  five  children:  Louise 
Mary,  a  graduate  of  Wellesley  College,  who  mar- 
r:  'd  Pres.  George  E.  Vincent,  now  president  of  the 
Rockefeller  Foundation,  councillor  at  peace  con- 
ference in  Paris;  Bradley  Webster,  graduate  of 
Harvard,  and  of  the  Boston  law  firm  of  Storey, 
Thorndike,  Palmer  &  Dodge  ;  Madeline,  Bryn  Mawr, 
now  the  wife  of  Prof.  Charles  M.  Bakewell.  senior 
professor  of  philosophy,  Yale  College,  New  Haven, 
Conn.;  Henry  Webster,  Harvard,  of  the  law  firm 


2D4 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  Peabody,  Palmer  &  Luther,  Boston ;  and  Ellen 
Constance,  who  became  the  wife  of  Count  Francisco 
Dandini  de  Sylva,  who  was  killed  at  Asiago,  Italy, 
in  an  engagement  with  the  Austrians  on  Sth  day 
cf  July,  1916.  Gen.  Palmer  died  at  Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa.,  Feb.  15,  1913. 

ETTELSON,  Samuel  Aaron,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Chicago,  111.,  Nov.  19,  1S74,  fan  of  Ben- 
jamin J.  and  Flora  (Phillipson)  Ettelson.  His 
father,  an  insurance  broker,  came  from  Poland,  in 
1S66;  located  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1870 
settled  in  Chicago.  His  wife  was  born  in  Germany. 
Samuel  A.  Ettelson  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation at  Brown  grammar  school  and  West  Division 
high  school,  Chicago.  He  was  a  student  at  Har- 
vard T'niversity  in  1893,  and  was  graduated  at 
Chicago  College  of  Law,  in  1897,  with  the  desrree 
LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  Illinois 
Imr.  He  continued  his  law  studies  in  a  Chicago 
office  until  1S99,  when  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1904  he  became  r^sociated,  in 
practice,  with  Daniel  J.  Sclrayler  and  Daniel  J. 
Schuyler,  Jr.,  subsequently  being  made  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Schuyler,  Jamieson  &  Ettelson,  in 
which  ex-judge  Egbert  Jamieson  was  a  partner. 
In  1912  the  firm  style  was  changed  to  Schuyler, 
Ettelson  &  Weinfeld,  the  junior  partner  being 
Charles  Weinfeld.  He  retired  from  this  firm  in 
1915,  when  Mayor  Thompson  appointed  him  cor- 
poration counsel  of  Chicago,  an  ollice  which  is  the 
second  largest  law  department  in  the  country.  As 
corporation  counsel  he  has  given  approximately  six 
thousand  decisions  to  date  (1918),  many  of  these 
decisions  having  been  subjected  to  a  test  in  the 
courts,  and  not  one  being  reversed.  In  1906  he 
was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state  senate  from  the 
3d  district,  and  re-elected  in  1910  and  1914,  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  steering  committee  of 
the  senate  for  the  past  ten  years.  His  political 
affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  the  Illinois  Athletic,  South  Side 
Tennis,  Colonial,  Press  and  Players'  Clubs,  Chic- 
ago. He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  music,  ten- 
nis and  walking.  He  is  unmarried. 

FITZPATKICK,  Thomas  Vanhook,  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Nicholsville,  O., 
Apr.  9,  1855,  son  of  Solomon  and  Zerilda,  (.Van- 
hook)  Fitzpatrick;  grandson  of  William,  Jr.,  and 
Sarah  (Johnstons)  Fitzpatrick,  and  great-grand- 
son of  William  Fitzpatrick,  a  Protestant,  who 
came  from  the  North  of  Ireland  in  1710  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Virginia  colony.  William 
Fitzpatrick,  Jr.,  was  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  the 
revolution.  Solomon  Fitzpatrick,  father  of  the 
subject,  -was  a  farmer,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  southwestern  Ohio.  Thomas  V.  Fitz- 
patrick received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Nicholsville  and  at  Hughes  high 
school,  Cincinnati.  He  was  graduated  at  Cincin- 
nati College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  in  1875, 
with  the  degree  M.D.;  studied  at  the  Post-Grad- 
uate Medical  School,  New  York  city,  and  took  a 
post-graduate  course  in  Vienna,  Austria.  Twin 
Valley  (O.)  College  gave  him  the  honorary  degree 
Ph.D.  in  1892.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Cincinnati  in  ]ssS,  anil  soon  be- 
came distinguished  as  aurist  and  laryngologist. 
During  1SSS-1903  he  was  professor  of  laryngology 
in  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and 
during  1S95-1916  he  was  largyngologist  to  St. 
Mary's  Hospital,  Cincinnati.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the 
American  College  of  Surgeons,  member,  American 
Medical  Association,  American  Academy  of 
Rhinology,  and  Oto-Lnryngology,  Cincinnati  Acad- 


emy of  Medicine,  American  Otological  and  Laryn- 
gological  Society,  Business  Men's  Club,  Cincin- 
nati. His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
cultivating  his  grapefruit  grove  in  Florida.  He 
is  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  was  married  to  Lotta, 
daughter  of  John  Willey,  a  wealthy  farmer,  of 
Hamilton  county,  O.,  and  they  have  two  children. 
WHIPPLE,  Frank  E.,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Fitchburg,  Mich.,  Sept.  16,  1874,'the  son  of  Henry 
Polk  and  Juliet  (Nash)  Whipple.  His  first  Ameri- 
can paternal  ancestor  was  Capt.  John  Whipple, 
who  came  from  England  to  Boston  in  1030,  and  in 
1658  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  a  member  of  the  town  council  of 
Providence  in  1669,  town  clerk  1670-72,  1676-77, 
and  1681-^3,  town  treasurer  1668-83,  and  deputy 
to  the  Rhode  Island  general  assembly  1666-76. 
In  1675  he  was  one  of  twenty-five  citizens  who 
voted  to  stay  in  Providence,  instead  of  going  to 
Newport,  in  King  Phillip's  war.  He  kept  an  inn 
at  Providence  which  was  the  meeting  place  of  the 
town  council  and  the  court  of  probate,  and  in  1690 
the  October  session  of  the  Rhode  Island  general 
assembly  was  held  there.  From  him  and  his  wife 
Sarah,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  David  and  his  second  wife,  Hannah  Tower; 
their  son  Jeremiah  and  his  wife  Deborah;  their 
son  David  and  his  second  wife  Martha,  to  Isaac 
and  his  wife  Catherine  Bogardus,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Frank  E.  Whipple.  Isaac  Whipple 
was  born  near  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  23,  1S23,  and 
married  Catherine  Bogardus,  one  of  the  direct 
heirs  of  the.  Anneke  Jans-Bogardus  estate,  which 
owned  the  Trinity  church  estate  in  New  York. 
Slie  was  one  of  the  remarkable  pioneer  women  of 
Michigan  and  died  at  Fitchburg,  Mich.,  Aug.  8, 
1918,  at  the  age  of  ninety-four  years,  her  mental 
faculties  being  clear  to  the  last.  In  is 74,  when 
Frank  E.  Whipple  was  a  few  months  old,  his 
father  equipped  a  covered  wagon,  and  with  his 
wife  and  babe  started  overland  on  a  gold  mining 
expedition  to  California,  through  Utah  and  New 
Mexico ;  later  he  returned  to  Fitchburg,  Mich., 
where  he  lived  until  1SS2,  then  moved  to  Walton, 
Grand  Traverse  county,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business,  and  built  saw  mills.  In  1895  he 
removed  to  Detroit;  in  1900  he  became  interested 
in  large  tracts  of  timber  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  where 
he  died  in  1901.  He  is  buried  in  Fitchburg,  Michi- 
gan. Frank  E.  Whipple  was  graduated  at  the 
Belding  (Mich.)  High  School  in  1S94,  and  the 
Slate  Normal  School  at  Ypsilanti  (Mich.)  in  1897, 
rnd  then  took  a  course  at  the  Wheatcroft  Dra- 
matic Academy,  in  New  York  City.  He  began 
teaching  school  at  Starrville,  Mich.,  in  l*!i.~>, 
staying  in  that  position  one  year.  Later  he 
taught  school  for  a  year  at  Joliet,  111.,  was  for 
a  year  principal  of  the  High  School  at  Marseilles, 
111.,  two  years  principal  of  the  Ecorse,  Mich., 
graded  schools  and  one  year  instructor  in  Metho- 
dist Seminary,  Detroit.  Dttermined  to  adopt 
the  law  as  a  profession  he  entered  Detroit  Col- 
lege of  Law  in  1902,  and  was  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1905.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Detroit  in  l;>0o.  In  1907  he  was  nominated  as 
a  Democratic  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention.  Mr.  Whipple  's  most  notable  case  was 
the  "  Henkel  Suit,''  of  Detroit,  in  which  he  was 
attorney  for  one  of  the  heirs  who  was  disinherited, 
her  share  being  estimated  at  $500,000;  the  estate 
was  valued  at  about  $3,000,000 ;  the  case  wa 
strongly  contested  in  the  circuit  court  which  rer. 


IIKXRY  W.  PALMER 
LAWYER 


SAMUEL  A.  ETTELSON 

LAWYER 


THOMAS  V.  FITZI'ATKICK 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


FRANK  E.  WHIPPLE 
I.  \\VYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


dered  a  decision  adverse  to  his  client;  he  appealed 
to  the  supreme  court  and  the  case  terminated 
there  successfully.  When  the  Spanish-American 
war  began,  in  1898,  he  had  just  been  appointed 
principal  of  the  Wolverine  (Mich.)  High  School, 
but  resigned  the  charge  to  enlist  in  Co.  M,  35th 
Michigan  volunteer  infantry.  The  regiment  was 
stationed  at  the  end  of  the  war  in  Augusta,  Ga., 
where  it  was  mustered  out.  In  1918  he  left  a 
large  law  practice  and  enlisted  in  the  world  war 
with  Germany;  he  was  honorably  discharged  in 
December,  1918.  Prior  to  his  entering  the  U.  S. 
service  he  was  a  member  of  the  4-minute  men. 
Mr.  Whipple  is  a  great  book-lover,  and  is  deeply 
interested  in  educational  affairs.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Detroit  Lawyers'  Club,  Wayne  County  Bar 
Association,  State  Bar  Association,  Union  Lodge 
No.  3,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Woodmen  of  the  World,  Mich- 
igan Consistory  Valley  of  Detroit,  World 's  War 
Veterans,  Charles  A.  Lamed  Post  No.  1,  Red 
Cross,  associate  member  of  Legal  Advisory  Board 
in  war  against  Germany.  He  is  unmarried. 

FARWELL,  Charles  Alphonzo,  sugar  factor 
and  planter  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Nov.  11, 
1S60,  son  of  Charles  A.  and  Martha  (Blair)  Far- 
well.  He  received  his  education  at  Rockland,  Me., 
and  in  private  schools  in  New  Orleans.  He  then 
began  his  business  career  on  the  Louisiana,  planta- 
tion of  his  distinguished  uncle,  Richard  A.  Milli- 
ken  (q.v.),  subsequently  entering  the  Milliken  offi- 
ces in  New  Orleans.  He  ultimately  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm,  the  firm  name  being  Milliken  &  Far- 
well.  After  Mr.  Milliken  's  death  he  conducted  the 
business,  his  brother,  H.  B.  Farwell,  and  Mrs.  Mil- 
liken  being  the  other  members,  the  firm  name  being 
continued  as  Milliken  &  Farwell.  Early  ia  his 
career  he  became  a  member  of  the  New  Orleans 
Sugar  Exchange,  was  a  director  for  many  years, 
and  at  one  time  served  as  vice-president.  On  the 
subject  of  sugar  and  the  tariff  question  as  it  re- 
lated to  sugar,  he  possessed  a  great  fund  of  in- 
formation, and  was  familiar  with  all  the  tariff 
laws.  He  knew  more  about  the  culture  and  manu- 
facture of  sugar,  perhaps,  than  any  other  man  in 
Louisiana.  In  1896  an  organization  of  persons  in- 
terested in  sugar  planting  and  in  handling  the 
product  was  perfected  under  the  name  of  the 
American  Cane  Growers'  Association  of  the 
United  States,  with  him  as  president.  This  as- 
sociation immediately  made  connection  with  the 
American  Beet  Sugar  Association  and  the  two 
bodies  worked  energetically  and  harmoniously  in 
the  perfection  of  the  sugar  schedule  in  the  Ding- 
ley  tariff  law  of  1897,  under  which  the  industry 
flourished.  In  1917  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  American  Protective  Tariff  League,  and  he 
immediately  took  an  aggressive  position,  insisting 
upon  an  increase  of  duty  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  a  war  revenue.  He  worked  hard  for  the  10  per 
cent  ad  valorem  to  which  was  added  the  exist- 
ing races  of  duty  imposed  by  the  Underwood 
tariff  law  by  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  of 
the  House,  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  From 
time  to  time  he  became  interested  in  various  com- 
mercial, industrial  and  financial  undertakings.  At 
his  death  he  was  president  of  the  Stanton  Plant- 
ing &  Manufacturing  Co.,  Westover  Planting  Co., 
Elsinor  Planting  Co.,  and  Oakley  Sugar  Co.; 
vice-president  Honduras  Sugar  &  Distilling  Co., 
and  a  director  in  the  Whitney  Trust  &  Savings 
Bank,  Shadyside  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  Mortgage 
Securities  Co.  He  was  vice  president  of  the 
Charity  Hospital,  New  Orleans;  honorary  member 
New  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange;  ex-king  of  the 
celebrated  Mew  Orleans  carnival;  life  member 


Luther  Burbank  Society;  held  the  23rd  degree,  and 
belonged  to  the  Court  of  Honor  in  Masonry,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  supreme  council,  Scottish 
rite,  for  the  southern  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States;  member  National  Institute  of  Social 
Science,  National  Geographic  Society,  Louisiana 
Sugar  &  Rice  Exchange,  New  Orleans  Association 
of  Commerce,  New  Orleans  Board  of  Trade,  and 
of  the  Press  and  Boston  flubs,  Carnival  Organiza- 
tions, Country  Club,  Southern  Yacht  Clubs,  New 
Orleans.  He  was  a  student  of  literature  and 
science,  and  was  an  ardent  philatelist.  Business 
and  the  acquisition  of  wealth  did  not  occupy  him 
to  the  exclusion  of  other  things.  All  his  life  he 
was  a  collector  and  a  student,  dabbling  in  nearly 
all  the  matters  of  interest  to  humanity.  As  a  boy 
he  was  a  philatelist,  and  as  he  matured  he  began 
to  collect  more  important  articles.  He  was  a  stu- 
dent of  practical  science  and  pursued  many  other 
lines  that  usually  do  not  interest  the  business  man, 
and  a  devoted  student  or  scholar.  When  a  ques- 
tion of  the  chemical  properties  of  milk  or  any 
other  form  of  nourishment  came  up  for  discus- 
sion at  the  meetings  of  his  hospital  board,  he 
showed  a  familiarity  with  the  subject  astonishing 
to  those  who  did  not  know  the  bent  of  his  mind. 
He  was  intensely  American  and  had  a  broad  vision 
of  men,  affairs  and  the  industries  which  went  be- 
yond his  own  business  connections.  In  his  stand 
before  Congress  immediately  prior  to  his  death  he 
took  the  attitude  that  American  business  of  all 
kinds  must  be  entitled  to  first  consideration.  In  his 
attitude  toward  public  affairs  he  was  first  and 
last  a  protectionist.  To  him  the  protection  of 
American  industries  was  almost  a  religion. 
Through  his  activities  his  aunt,  Mrs.  Deborah 
Milliken,  contributed  to  the  Charity  Hospital  the 
Milliken  Memotial  building,  at  a  cost  approximat- 
ing a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  He  made  pos- 
sible the  annual  Christmas  celebration  at  that 
institution,  and  contributed  largely  to  many  other 
philanthropies.  He  was  married  September  12, 
1900,  to  Stella,  daughter  of  Robert  Frank  Evans, 
of  Selbyville,  Tenn ;  she  survived  him,  with  two 
children;  Charles  A.  Jr.,  and  Fiank  Evans  Far- 
well.  He  died  in  Now  Orleans,  La.,  May  17,  1917. 
MITCHELL,  William  Bilbo,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Jasper,  Marion  co.,  Tenn., 
July  11,  1850,  son  of  Pleasant  Andes  and  Mar- 
garet (Griffith)  Mitchell.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  James  Mitchell,  who  came 
from  England,  in  the  18th  century  and  settled  in 
Rockingham  county,  Virginia,  serving  in  the 
American  army  in  the  war  of  the  revolution,  John 
Mitchell,  a  brother,  who  came  with  him  from 
England,  joined  the  army  of  King  George,  return- 
ing to  England  after  the  war.  From  James  Mitch- 
ell who  early  in  the  eighteenth  century  emigrated 
from  Virginia  with  two  brothers,  Samuel  and  Jas. 
C.  and  settled  in  Marion  county,  Tenn.,  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  to  John  Mitchell  and 
his  wife,  Sarah  Andes,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  William  Bilbo  Mitchell.  Pleasant 
Andes  Mitchell,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a 
farmer,  and  also  owned  manufacturing  interests  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  which,  during  the  Civil  war 
were  removed  from  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  to  Selma, 
Ala.,  and  there  destroyed  by  the  Federal  forces 
toward  the  close  of  the  war.  William  B.  Mitchell 
at  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  was  but  a  lad, 
but  a  keen  observer  of  the  military  activity  and 
took  much  interest  in  the  happenings  about 
Chattanooga.  Following  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga  William  B.  Mitchell  rode  over  the  field 
of  carnage  on  horseback  and  ;ccured  an  impres- 


206 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


sion  which  lingered  with  him  to  the  last.  As  a 
lad  he  sold  thousands  of  copies  of  Henry  Watter- 
son's  (q.v.)  "Chattanooga  Daily  Rebel."  He  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  a  country  school, 
subsequently  entering  Emory  &  Henry  College  in 
Virginia,  which,  owing  to  financial  conditions,  he 
was  obliged  to  leave  at  eighteen.  For  a  time  he 
taught  school,  afterward  taking  to  cutting  and  raft- 
ing logs,  and  later  renting  and  operating  a  small 
saw  mill.  After  trying  without  success  several  other 
enterprises  he,  in  1870,  secured  a  clerkship  at 
Jasper  with  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad  Co.  Subsequently  he  became  a  merchant 
at  Jasper,  Tenn.  With  methods  enterprising  and  for 
the  locality  far-reaching,  he  prospered  steadily 
and  soon  had  a  leading  business  in  his  section.  In 
1882,  in  association  with  a  relative,  James  A. 
Mitchell,  and  I.  B.  Merriam,  he  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  grocery  trade  at  Chattanooga  under  the 
firm  name  of  Merriarn  &  Mitchell,  which  firm  was 
the  successor  to  Merriam  &  Vann.  Two  years  later 
he,  and  his  associate,  James  A.  Mitchell  bought 
out  the  Merriam  interests  and  the  firm  name  was 
changed  to  Mitchell  &  Co.  The  business  pros- 
pered and  the  proceeds  enabled  him  to  make  in- 
vestments in  Chattanooga  and  Knoxville  real 
estate.  Property  values  were  on,  the  increase  and 
he  realized  neatly  from  these  investments.  He 
retired  from  his  mercantile  interests  in  1SSS  and 
in  1891  became  president  of  the  Third  National 
Bank.  This  institution  was  in  a  declining  condi- 
tion, having  accumulated  much  poor  and  doubtful 
paper.  He  assumed  full  charge  of  its  affairs  and 
did  much  to  redeem  it,  and  through  his  able 
management  the  bank  weathered  several  panics 
and  became  prosperous.  Later  it  became  identi- 
fied with  the  Chattanooga  National  Bank  and 
eventually  lost  its  identity  in  consolidation  with 
the  First  National  Bank.  He  achieved  much 
prominence  over  the  publication  of  a  pamphlet 
entitled  "Dollars  or  What?"  This  dealt  with  the 
proposed  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver  at 
the  ratio  of  10  to  1.  More  than  150,000  copies 
were  sold  and  it  helped  settle  a  question  of  great- 
est economic  importance  to  the  country.  He  also 
wrote  articles  for  many  periodicals  on  financial 
and  kindred  topics.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  gold  standard  Democratic  party.  He  was 
a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
He  was  a  man  of  keen  mind  and  wonderful  mem- 
ial  activity;  of  strong  character,  of  high  ideals  of 
justice  and  right ;  true  to  himself  always,  and 
fair  and  honorable  in  his  relationships  and  deal- 
ings with  his  fellow  men.  He  was  intellectually 
honest  and  did  not  deal  in  cant  or  speak  by  in- 
direction. He  was  in  all  respects  his  own  man, 
guided  by  his  own  ideals,  his  own  judgment  and 
his  own  opinions,  which  he  formed  only  after 
thorough  study  of  the  facts,  analysis  of  details 
and  a  very  practical  knowledge  of  causes  and  ef- 
fects. He  was  a  warm  friend  and  a  splendid 
citizen,  with  a  high  sense  of  civic  duty.  His  resi- 
dence was  on  Lookout  Mountain.  He  was  married, 
June  23,  188G,  to  Minta,  daughter  of  Dr.  David 
Houston  Hall,  a  physician,  of  Jasper,  Tenn.;  she 
survives  him,  with  two  children:  Beulah  and 
William  Bilbo  Mitchell,  Jr.  William  Biibo  Mit- 
chell died  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  July  21,  1913. 

CARNAHAN,  Robert  Brown,  Jrl,  metallurg- 
ist, was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Mar.  17,  1871,  son 
of  Robert  Brown  and  Kntherine  Anne  (Duckwall) 
Carnahan.  His  father  was  IT.  S.  district  attorney 
ior  the  western  district  of  Pennsylvania.  The  son 
was  graduated  at  the  Western  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania (now  the  University  of  Pittsburg)  in 


1891,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.Sc.  and  Ph.D.  from 
the  same  institution  in  1S94.  Following  a  very 
decided  bent,  he  adopted  metallurgical  chemistry 
as  his  life  work,  and  was  the  first  employed  by 
the  W.  Dewees  Wood  Co.,  of  McKeesport,  Pa"., 
manufacturers  of  sheet  iron  and  steel.  This  com- 
pany was  interested  in  a  gold  mining  property  in 
the  South,  and  his  initial  service  was  as  a  re- 
search expert  in  connection  with  the  mines  de- 
velopment. During  1893-99  he  was  engaged  in  the 
Open  Hearth  Department  of  the  company's  Mc- 
Keesport plant  and  in  1900  he  entered  the  employ 
of  the  newly  organized  American  Rolling  Mill  Co., 
which  was  to  build  a  plant  at  Middletown,  O., 
comprising  at  that  time  a  thirty-ton  open  hearth 
furnace,  a  twenty-inch  bar  mill,  four  sheet  mills 
and  a  galvanizing  plant  and  factory  for  manu- 
facturing sheet  metal  products.  At  this  plant  all 
these  operations  were  to  be  brought  together  in 
one  plant,  and  the  process  made  continuous  from 
the  Open  Hearth  Department  to  the  factory.  To 
Mr.  Carnahan  was  intrusted  the  design  and  con- 
struction of  the  epen  hearth  furnace,  and  with 
unflagging  energy,  he  devoted  his  entire  time  to 
the  problem.  In  1903  he  was  made  General  Super- 
intendent. In  1911  he  was  made  vice-president  in 
charge  of  the  research  division  and  of  the  com- 
pany 's  large  patent-right  interests,  and  continued 
in  this  position  until  his  death.  He  was  able  to 
devote  much  of  his  time  to  original  research  work 
and  experiments  in  metallurgy,  in  which  the 
products  of  his  inventive  genius  were  numerous 
and  valuable.  His  best  known  invention  is 
"Armco  Iron,"  a  chemically  pure  and  rust- 
resisting  product,  made  in  a  basic  open  hearth 
furnace  and  patented  November  23,  1909.  This 
iron  can  be  successfully  worked  into  sheets  and 
other  commercial  commodities.  It  may  be  utilized 
for  innumerable  purposes,  its  points  of  superiority 
being  chemical  purity,  rust  resistance,  enameling 
properties,  welding  qualities  and  high  electrical 
conductivity.  Mr.  Carnahan  was  one  of  the  earli- 
est promulgators  of  the  ' '  pure-iron ' '  theory  and 
labored  long  and  tirelessly  to  demonstrate  it.  The 
validity  of  his  patents  was  vigorously  attacked  by 
competing  corporations,  but  after  several  years  of 
litigation  they  were  sustained  at  all  points  by  the 
courts.  At  the  Panama  exposition  in  1915,  the 
exhibits  of  the  "Armco  Iron"  products  won  a 
gold  medal;  and  a  special  gold  medal  and  cer- 
tificate were  awarded  to  Mr.  Caniphan.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Pittsburg  gave  him  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
in  1914.  His  home  was  the  refuge  of  many  of 
the  homeless  people  of  Middletown  during  the 
flood  of  the  Miami  river  in  1913,  and  he  was 
active  in  raising  a  large  fund  for  relief  work  and 
in  assisting  in  the  rehabilitation  of  the  city.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Men's  Business  Club  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Queen  City  Club  of  Cincinnati,  American 
Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  American  Institute  of 
Mining  Engineers,  American  Society  for  Testing 
Materials  and  the  British  Iron  and  Steel  Institute. 
He  was  a.  trustee  of  Middletown  Hospital,  and 
treasurer  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
was  married  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Oct.  15,  1903,  to 
Frances  Paton,  daughter  of  Edmund  S.  Mills  and 
Euphcmia  Morton  Paton,  of  Hastings-on-Hudson, 
N.  Y.  He  died  in  Middletown,  Ohio,  June  22, 
1918.  (Portrait  opposite  page  207.) 

STETSON,  William  "Wallace,  educator,  author 
and  lecturer  was  born  at  Greene,  Me.,  June  17, 
1849,  son  of  Reuben  and  Christiana  (Thompson) 
Stetson.  TKe  name  appears  variously  spelled,  and 
the  Stetson  's  are  traditionally  credited  with  having 
been  an  English  family.  William  Wallace  Stet- 


•• 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Ali- 


son 's  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Robert  Stetson,  who  came  presumably  from  Kent, 
England,  in  1633,  and  settled  at  Scituate,  Mass. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son,  Joseph,  and  his  wife,  Prudence;  their 
son,  Robert,  and  his  wife,  Mary  Collamore;  their 
son,  Robert  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Tower;  their 
son,  Batcheler  and  his  wife,  Margaret  Nash,  to 
their  son  Turner  Stetson,  and  his  wife,  Thankful 
Lombard,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  William 
Wallace  Stetson.  Robert  Stetson  (1)  was  a  use- 
ful citizen  both  in  time  of  peace  and  in  war.  He 
held  various  offices  of  importance  in  the  Plymouth 
colony,  and  for  many  years  was  a  deputy  of  the 
general  court.  He  was  a  commissioner  to  fix  the 
boundary  line  between  the  colonies  of  Plymouth 
and  Massachusetts  Bay;  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  to  procure  clothing  for  the  soldiers  in 
the  Indian  wars,  and  served  in  the  colonial  militia 
as  cornet  or  flag-bearer  of  the  first  company  of 
horse  organized  in  the  Plymouth  colony.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  council  of  war,  and  he  was  selected 
to  visit  and  treat  with  King  Philip.  He  conducted 
a  saw-mill,  and  he  hired  the  Cape  fisheries  for  the 
privilege  of  catching  bass  and  mackerel.  Robert 
Stetson  (III)  was  constable,  business  man  and 
farmer  at  Seituate,  as  was  his  son,  Robert  Stet- 
son (IV).  Batcheler  Stetson  (V),  who  removed 
to  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  and  subsequently  estab- 
lished the  family  homestead  at  Greene,  served 
throughout  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  at  Ben- 
nington  received  a  charge  of  powder  in  the  face. 
He  was  with  Col.  John  Gushing  's  second  Plymouth 
county  regiment,  and  was  later  bombardier  in  Col. 
Crane's  artillery.  Turner  Stetson  (VI)  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Maine  militia.  Reuben  Stetson, 
father  of  the  subject,  followed  the  sea,  and  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  crew  that  took  the  Stephen's 
exploring  party  to  Mexico  and  Central  America. 
William  Wallace  Stetson  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  district  schools,  at  Moumouth 
Academy,  and  at  Edward  Little  Institute,  in  Au- 
burn, Maine,  subsequently  becoming  a  student  at 
Monmouth  (111.)  College.  He  began  teaching  at 
fifteen,  and  taught  some  part  of  every  year  until 
1895.  He  commenced  in  the  district  schools  of 
Maine,  and  in  1868  went  to  Illinois,  where  he 
taught  in  district,  normal  and  high  schools,  and 
finally  became  superintendent  of  schools.  In  1884 
he  returnee  to  Maine,  and  in  18S5  became  principal 
of  the  Webster  School,  Auburn,  and  took  charge 
of  the  Auburn  schools  as  superintendent,  a  position 
he  filled  for  a  decade,  at  the  same  time  lecturing 
on  educational  subjects.  During  1895-1907  he  was 
state  superintendent  of  the  schools  of  Maine. 
From  the  latter  year  he  devoted  all  his  time  to 
writing  and  to  the  lecture  field.  As  a  superintendent 
of  schools  he  enjoyed  an  enviable  reputation.  He 
was  noted  not  only  for  being  abreast  of  the  times 
in  educational  subjects  but  as  an  explorer  in  new 
fields.  His  annual  reports,  in  which  he  elaborated 
the  theory  of  education,  received  the  hearty  en- 
dorsement of  educationalists.  His  reports  were 
copied  in  French,  German  and  Spanish.  The  feel- 
ing of  the  state  legislature  was  shown  toward  him 
when  the  house  voted  seven  to  one  and  the  senate 
unanimously  to  nearly  double  his  salary,  while  the 
governor  in  a  public  letter  expressed  his  approval. 
He  was  founder  of  the  Auburn  Building  &  Loan 
Association,  and  founded  the  public  library,  was 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trade  committee  on  the 
founding  of  the  library,  afterward  being  made 
an  incorporator  and  trustee.  He  lectured  through 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  Some  of  his  chief 
lecture  subjects  were:  ''Some  Essentials,"  "The 


Natural  Order  of  Development,"  "The  Literary 
Training  of  the  Teacher,"  Reading  an  Unprinted 
Page,"  "The  Emotions  as  a  Factor  in  Education," 
"The  Duty  of  the  Community  in  the  School," 
"Interpretation  of  Works  of 'Art,"  "The  New 
Education,"  and  "Aesthetic  Culture."  He  was 
author  of  ' '  History  and  Civil  Government  of 
Maine,"  "Rural  Schools  of  Maine,"  "Needs  of 
Schools  of  Maine,"  "What  is  and  Should  be 
Taught  in  the  Common  Schools,"  "What  the 
School  Should  do  for  the  Child, "  "  Suggestions  on 
Study  of  United  States  History  and  Arithmetic, ' ' 
"Library  and  Art  Exchange,"  "Educational 
Ideals,"  "Industrial  Education,"  "Thoughts  by 
the  Way, ' '  and  others.  He  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  and  LL.D.  from  Colby  College,  and  the  degree 
LL.D.  from  Monmouth  (111.)  College.  His  inter- 
est in  history,  philosophy  and  literature  was  keen, 
and  he  formed  various  organizations  for  their 
study.  It  was  said  of  him  that  his  large  and 
lasting  service  to  the  cause  of  education  and  the 
higher  life  cnme  less  from  his  preaching  and  more 
from  his  personality.  "Ideals  and  Essentials  of 
Education, ' '  published  after  his  death,  is  com- 
posed of  selections  from  his  writings,  and  is 
packed  full  of  basic  thoughts.  He  was  married, 
July  4,  1871,  to  Rebecca  Jane  Killough,  of  Morn- 
ing Sun,  Iowa.  He  died  at  Auburn,  Me.,  July  1st, 
1910.  (Portrait  opposite  page  208.) 

FARR,  Marvin  Andrus,  real  estate  operator, 
was  born  in  Essex  county,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  9,  1852, 
son  of  George  W.  and  Esther  (Day)  Farr.  The 
first  of  the  family  in  America  was  George  Farr, 
a  native  of  —  — ,  who  settled  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  colony  in  1629 ;  from  him  the  line 
is  traced  through  his  son  Stephen,  his  son  Stephen, 
his  son  Stephen,  his  son  Stephen,  anil  his  son 
Randall,  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  father  went  west  in  the  '50  's,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  mercantile  business 
at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  Marvin  A.  Farr  received 
his  early  education  mainly  in  private  schools,  ami 
was  graduated  at  Carroll  College,  Waukesha.  WK. 
in  1871.  Thereafter  he  travelled  extensively  in 
the  United  States,  and  in  1873  began  his  busi- 
ness career  in  the  employ  of  James  B.  Goodman 
&  Co.,  and  later  of  H.  H.  Porter,  in  the  lumber 
and  real  estate  business  in  Chicago.  In  1879  he 
entered  the  real  estate  business  for  himself,  and 
for  some  time  was  also  manager  of  the  West  Chi- 
cago Laud  Co.,  operating  largely  in  west  side 
suburban  property.  During  many  years  Mr.  Farr 
was  actively  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  in 
Chicago,  and  a  number  of  years  prior  to  his  death 
made  his  son,  Newton  (_'.,  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  M.  A.  Farr  &  Co.  He  was  a  former  presi- 
dent of  the  Chicago  Real  Estate  Board,  a  director 
of  the  Chicago  Title  &  Trust  Co.,  chairman  nf 
the  real  estate  ami  loan  divisions  of  the  Chicago 
Association  of  Commerce,  a  member  of  the  city 
Plans  Committee,  and  a  director  of  the  United 
Charities.  He  was  former  president  of  the  Ken 
wood  Club,  former  vice-president  of  the  I'liiori 
League  Club,  and  a  member  of  the  Midlothian 
Country  Club,  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  and  Sons 
of  the  American  Revolution.  A  man  of  sterling 
character,  Mr.  Farr  in  his  active  career  illustrated 
those  traits  which  make  for  the  best  American 
citizenship.  Deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
the  community,  he  was  foremost  in  supporting  all 
worthy  movements.  His  judgment  was  well  bal- 
anced at  all  times.  He  was  calm  and  cool  in  his 
deliberations  and  his  speech  was  always  collected. 
To  the  young  men  of  his  community  he  presented 
a  fine  example  of  integrity  anil  unblemished  worth. 


208 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


He  was  one  of  Chicago's  most  respected  citizens. 
In  politics  he  was  an  independent  Republican, 
and  in  religion  a  member  of  the  Kenwood 'Evan- 
gelical Church.  He  was  married  Jan.  5,  1886,  to 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Isaac  N.  Camp,  of  Chicago, 
who  survives  him  with  two  children,  Newton  Camp 
and  Barbara  Farr.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct. 
7,  1915. 

WOLF,  George,  realty  operator,  was  born  at 
Dietkirchen,  Hessen-Xassau,  Germany,  July  8, 
1855,  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Roos)  Wolf.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town,  graduating  at  the  gymnasium  at  eighteen. 
He  then  came  to  America,  and  for  two  years  was 
variously  employed  in  Philadelphia.  In  1873  he 
settled  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where  after  five  years 
as  clerk  in  a  grocery  store  he  became  an  inde- 
pendent merchant  in  that  trade.  He  sold  his  busi- 
ness in  1887  and  assumed  a  clerical  position  in 
the  offices  of  the  'county  auditor.  He  was  thus 
engaged  until  1890,  when  recognition  of  his  ability 
and  effective  service  ^was  accorded  by  his  election 
to  the  office  of  city'  and  township  assessor.  He 
gave  himself  faithfully,  conscientiously  and  with 
marked  discrimination  to  the  work'  of  this  posi- 
tion, continuing  five  years  in  the  office.  Mean- 
while he  gained  an  intimate  and  exa.ct  knowledge 
of  real  estate  values,  especially  in  the  immediate 
field  of  his  jurisdiction.  Upon  leaving  the  office 
of  assessor  he  therefore  entered  the  real  estate, 
insurance  and  loan  field,  in  which  he  remained  to 
his  death,  having  met  with  unique  success.  His 
knowledge  of  values  brought  his  services  into 
requisition  in  connection  with  the  appraising  of 
real  estate  and  other  advisory  interests.  He  was 
a  director  in  the  Indianapolis  Savings  &  Loan 
Association  and  the  Marion  County  Title  Co.  He 
stood  as  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  development 
of  real  estate  activities  in  Indianapolis,  and  was 
one  of  three  charter  members  of  the  Indianapolis 
Real  Estate  Board;  was  an  early  member  of  the 
Commercial  Club  afterwards  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; and  held  membership  also  in  the  democratic 
Club,  St.  Joseph's  Aid  Society,  and  the  Knights 
of  Columbus.  He  had  formerly  been  a  com- 
municant of  St.  Mary 's  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
and  later  of  the  Cathedral  of  Sts.  Peter  and  Paul. 
He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  He  was 
the  best  authority  on  real  estate  values  in  the 
Indianapolis  of  his  day.  A  sound,  well-balanced, 
energetic  man  of  business,  he  was  also  ever  mind- 
ful of  those  higher  interests  which  build  up  a 
city  and  make  it  enduring.  He  was  married  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Jan.  7,  1S80,  to  Josephine, 
daughter  of  Gehard  Ithenbach,  contractor  of  Indi- 
anapolis; she  survives  him,  with  nine  children: 
George,  Jr.,  Anna,  who  married  G.  J.  Potlinger, 
Gertrude,  who  married  Geo.  J.  Wolf,  Paul  M., 
with  U.  S.  engineers,  A.  E.  F.,  Loretta,  who  mar- 
ried P.  J.  Moser,  John  Benjamin,  Josephine, 
I'lara,  and  Ruth.  He  died  in  Indianapolis,  June 
9,  191S. 

STEPHENS,  John  Leonard,  manufacturer  and 
merchant,  was  born  near  Independence,  Kenton 
co.,  Ky.,  Mar.  26,  1852,  son  of  Napoleon  Bona- 
parte and  Rebekah  Patterson  (Hughes)  Stephens, 
and  a  descendant  of  the  Stephens  ancestor  who 
came  from  England  in  1737  and  settled  in  Georgia. 
William  Stephens  (q.v.)  was  secretary  to  the  trus- 
tees of  Georgia ;  was  made  president  of  the  county 
of  Savannah  in  1741,  and  president,  or  governor, 
of  the  entire  colony  in  1743.  The  journal  kept 
by  him  formed  a  valuable  part  of  the  colonial 
records.  From  Georgia  the  family  removed  to  the 
Carolinas  and  Virginia,  and  after  the  war  of  the 


revolution  to  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  The  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  Benjamin  Stephens,  who 
located  in  North  Carolina,  subsequently  removing 
to  Virginia  ;  his  son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Dor- 
othy Jemima  Waller,  to  their  son  Leonard 
Stephens  and  his  wife  Katheriue  Sanford,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  John  L.  Stephens.  Ben- 
jamin Stephens  (II),  a  native  of  Orange  county, 
Va.,  located  temporarily  near '  Bryant  Station, 
Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  settling  finally  oil  the  Banklick 
creek,  Campbell  (now  Kenton)  county,  Ky.  That 
county,  with  Boone  county,  was  celebrated  in  the 
early  history  of  the  state,  and  is  associated  with 
many  historical  incidents  connected  with  the  story 
of  old  Kentucky.  Leonard  Stephens,  likewise  a 
native  of  Orange  county,  ATa.,  crossed  the  moun- 
tains to  Kentucky  with  his  father  in  1806,  when, 
that  section  was  an  unbroken  forest.  He  served 
in  the  war  of  1812,  was  five  times  elected  to  the 
general  assembly,  and  served  the  district  com- 
prising Campbell  and  Boone  counties  in  the  state 
senate.  He  was  for  yeaVs  a  magistrate  of  Camp- 
bell county,  and  upon  the  organization  of  Kenton 
county  became  senior  magistrate  of  that  county. 
He  also  participated  in  a  number  of  campaigns 
against  the  Indians,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  brig- 
adier-general of  militia.  On  the  maternal  side 
the  subject  is  descended  from  the  Dukes  of  Ar- 
gyle.  Napoleon  Bonaparte  Stephens  became  a 
dominant  factor  in  the  civic,  political  and  financial 
life  of  Covington,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  state 
house  of  representatives  at  the  same  time  his 
father  was  in  the  senate;  was  a  leader  in  the  6th 
congressional  district;  served  three  terms  or  twelve 
years  as  clerk  of  Kenton  county;  was  clerk  of  the 
circuit  court  for  eight  years;  president  of  the  city 
council,  the  chief  executive  officer  of  Covington; 
member  of  the  school  board,  and  director  in  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Covington  and  in  other 
corporations.  John  L.  Stephens  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  at  Meade  Academy,  Covington, 
and  waa  graduated  at  Randolph  Academy  in  1872! 
He  began  a  business  career  as  bookkeeper  in  the 
German  National  Bank,  Covington,  resigning  in 
1^77  to  engage  as  a  manufacturer.  He  established 
at  Covington  in  that  year  the  first  wire  nail  fac- 
tory in  America,  which  in  1887  wag  incorporated 
as  the  American  Wire  Nail  Co.,  of  which  he  was 
for  ten  years  the  president.  During  1887  98  he 
was  engaged  in  various  manufacturing  enter- 
prises, including  the  M.  Bare  Hoe  Works,  Hamil- 
ton, O.,  and  the  Westmoreland  Paper  Co.,  West 
Newton,  Pa.,  in  which  latter  he  was  a  director  and 
business  manager,  taking  active  management  of 
the  mills  in  1*91,  and  continuing  in  that  capacity 
•until  1896,  when,  because  of  the  failure  of  gas  for 
manufacturing  purposes,  business  depression,  and 
the  low  ebb  in  the  price  of  paper,  the  concern  waa 
liquidated.  Thereafter  he  was  for  several  years 
a  paper  broker,  with  headquarters  in  Cincinnati  and 
residence  at  Covington.  In  1900  he  settled  at  Dal- 
las, Tex.,  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  South- 
western Electrical  Engineering  &  Construction  Co., 
the  first  wholesale  electrical  supply  house  in  Dal- 
las, and  from  this  pioneer  establishment  the  city 
has  since  become  the  center  of  the  southwest  in 
the  electrical  supply  trade.  In  1908  he  retired 
from  active  business  cares.  One  of  the  most 
marked  of  his  activities  has  been  in  Masonry.  As 
past  master  of  lodges  in  Kentucky  and  Texas,  and 
senior  warden  of  a  lodge  in  Pennsylvania,  he  has 
the  distinct  honor  of  having  been  a  member  of 
three  grand  lodges.  He  was  the  first  representative 
of  the  grand  lodge  of  Manila,  near  the  grand  lodge 
of  Texas,  and  has  served  as  past  district  deputy 


WILLIAM  W.  STETSOX 
EDUCATOR 


MARVIN  A.  FARR 

REAL  ESTATE 


GEORGE  W<  )L 
REAL  ESTATE 


JOHN7  L.  STEPHENS 
MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


209 


grand  master  of  Texas.  He  has  attained  the  33d 
degree;  is  an  honorary  member  of  Quatotsr  Coro- 
nati  Lodge,  London,  and  is  secretary  of  all  Scottish 
rite  bodies  in  Dallas,  and  of  the  Dallas  Scottish 
Rite  Cathedral  Association,  since  1905,  a  member 
of  Dallas  Chapter  Royal  Arch  Masons,  Dallas 
Council  Royal  and  Select  Masons,  Dallas  Consistory 
Knights  Templar,  Royal  Order  of  Scotland,  Order 
of  the  Red  Cross  of  Oonstantine  and  Hella  Temple 
A.  A.  O.  H.  M.  S.  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Democratic  party,  and  he  is  an  elder  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  Dallas.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Lexington,  Ky.,  Jan.  12,  1875,  to  Mary  C., 
daughter  of  James  W.  Cochran,  of  Lexington. 
They  have  three  children:  Rebekah,  James,  and 
Brainerd  Stephens. 

LEVINGS,  Alfred  Hamilton,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  on  a  farm  near  Bockford,  111., 
Aug.  24,  1S47,  son  of  Peter  Rensselaer  and  Anna 
(Nunn)  Levings.  His  father,  a  merchant  in  New 
York  city,  in  1842  moved  to  Illinois  and  settled 
on  a  farm  near  Bockford.  The  first  of  the  family 
in  America  was  John  Levins,  a  native  of  England, 
who  arrived  in  this  country  in  June,  '1632,  and 
settled  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  where  in  1670  he  sub- 
scribed to  the  first  free  school,  now  the  Roxbury 
Latin  School;  from  him  and  his  second  wife, 
Rachel  Wright,  the  line  descends  through  their 
son,  John,  who  settled  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Preston;  their  son,  Peter,  and 
his  wife  Patience  -  — ;  their  son,  Peter,  and 
his  wife,  Catherine  Caston ;  their  son,  Peter,  who 
fought  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  his  first 
wife,  _  — •  and  their  son,  Richard,  who  changed 
his  surname  to  Levings,  and  his  wife,  Prudence 
Bartlett,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alfred  H. 
Levings.  He  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  the  Rockford  High  School,  and  was  graduated 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  Northwestern 
University  in  Chicago  in  1S72,  being  valedictorian 
of  his  class.  In  1880  he  spent  a  year  at  the  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  College,  New  York,  in  the 
studv  of  surgery,  pursued  the  same  study  in  the 
New  York  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
1882,  at  Vienna,  Austria^  in  1889,  and  at  Berlin, 
Germany,  ten  years  later.  He  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Janesville,  Wis.,  in  1872, 
specializing  in  surgery,  and  while  at  Janesville 
was  surgeon  for  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
way Co.  The  following  year  he  removed  to  Apple- 
ton,  Wis.,  where  for  eighteen  years  he  enjoyed  an 
unusually  wide  practice  and  was  twice  honored  with 
election  as  mayor.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Prescott  Hospital,  of  which  he  served  as 
president  until  his  removal  to  Milwaukee  in  1*91. 
During  the  last  year  of  his  residence  in  Appleton 
he  was  appointed  district  surgeon  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railway  Co.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Mil- 
waukee he  assisted  in  founding  the  Wisconsin  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (now  the  medical 
department  of  Marquette  University),  of  which  he 
was  president  from  its  inception  for  twenty  years, 
and  also  professor  of  the  principles  and  practice 
of  oral  and  clinical  surgery.  In  1914  he  organized 
the  Wisconsin  Surgical  Association  and  served  as 
its  first  president.  In  addition  to  his  work  as  pro- 
fessor in  the  Wisconsin  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  and  to  his  large  private  practice,  he  was 
surgeon  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  and  the  Mil- 
waukee County  Hospital,  consulting  surgeon  to 
the  Emergency  Hospital,  Milwaukee,  and  surgeon 
to  the  .Milwaukee  County  Hospital  for  the  Acute 
and  Chronic  Insane.  He  was  a  constant  contribu- 
tor to  medical  journals,  and  the  author  of  two 
volumes:  "Aetiology,  Pathology,  Diagnosis  and 


Treatment  of  Tumors,"  (1903),  and  "Every  Day 
Surgery"  (1907),  both  widely  used  text  books. 
Dr.  Levings  did  more  to  advance  the  profession  of 
medicine  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin  during  the 
twenty-five  years  ending  in  1917,  than  any  one  else 
in  the  state.  He  worked  for  high  ethical  stand- 
ards, never  commercializing  his  profession,  and 
was  widely  known  outside  the  bounds  of  the  state. 
As  a  surgeon  he  was  able  and  brilliant,  and  in 
that  branch  of  medicine  proved  himself  to  be  a 
master.  Uniting  boldness,  skill  and  faultless 
technique  with  diagnostic  acumen  and  that  cau- 
tion born  of  ripe  experience,  he  had  few  equals 
in  his  chosen  field.  A  searcher  into  the  laws  of 
life,  by  the  clearness  of  his  thought  and  the  dili- 
gence of  his  work  he  became  a  rare  contributor 
to  the  world 's  store  of  knowledge,  and  achieved 
high  and  wide  distinction  in  the  world  of  learning. 
In  social  life  he  was  genial,  unaffected,  accessible 
and  delightful  in  manner.  In  all  circumstances, 
he  stood  for  high  manhood,  true  patriotism,  and 
the  graces  of  a  noble  character.  He  was  noted 
for  numberless  acts  of  kindness  and  deeds  of 
charity,  and  that  invariable  courtesy  which  was 
the  outgrowth  of  eight  generations  of  New  Eng- 
land ancestry.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association;  Wisconsin  State  Medical  So- 
ciety; Milwaukee  County  Medical  Society;  Central 
Wisconsin  Medical  Society;  Fox  River  Valley  Medi- 
cal Society;  and  Milwaukee  City  Medical  Society; 
The  Phi-Bho-Sigma  Fraternity;  the  Merchants'  and 
Manufacturers'  Association  of  Milwaukee;  The  Ath- 
letic Club;  and  the  City  Club  of  Milwaukee.  Dr. 
Levings  was  twice  married:  (1)  June  29,  1876, 
to  Annie,  daughter  of  Hon.  Benjamin  Beveridge, 
prominent  lumberman  and  merchant  of  Andover, 
X.  B.,  and  for  twenty  consecutive  years  a  member 
of  the  Upper  house  of  the  Canadian  parliament; 
Mr?.  Levings  died  in  1907,  and  he  was  married 
C2)  Aug.  27,  1908,  to  Grace,  daughter  of  James 
Reilly,  of  Milwaukee,  and  author  of  "Travel 
Sketches"  (1916)  ;  there  are  no  living  children  by 
either  uuion.  He  died  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Mar. 
4,  1918. 

SMALLEY,  William  Winsor,  manufacturer, 
banker  and  legislator,  was  born  in  Middlesex 
county,  N.  J.,  Dec.  17,  1850,  son  of  John  and  Eli'z- 
abeth  (Winsor)  Smalley.  His  first  paternal  Amer- 
ican ancestor  was  John  Smalley,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England  and  settled  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  in  1632,  subsequently  settling  in  Piscata- 
way,  N.  J.  (1668-70)  ;  from 'him  and  his  wife  Ann 
— ,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  John  and  his  wife  Lydia  Martin;  their  son 
Jonathan  and  his  wife  Sarah  —  — ;  their  son  An- 
drew and  his  wife  Agnes  Coriell;  their  son  Abra- 
ham and  his  wife  Catherine  Emans ;  and  their  son 
John  A.  and  his  wife  Mary  Smock,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  William  W.  Smalley.  He  was  ed- 
ucated in  the  public  schools  of  Bound  Brook,  N.  J., 
the  New  York  University  Grammar  School,  and 
Eastman 's  Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
After  leaving  school  he  was  for  seven  years  a  clerk 
in  the  banking  house  of  Henry  Clews  &  Co.,  New 
York  city,  but  in  18SO  he  returned  to  Bound  Brook, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  and  in 
manufacturing  machinery  bearings,  continuing 
thus  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Republican.  For  two  terms  he  served 
creditably  as  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Bound 
Brook,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  as- 
sembly in  1907-10.  In  November,  Kill,  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  was  reelected  in 
1914.  In  nine  years  of  public  life  he  never  met 
defeat,  though  he  was  an  aggressive  legislator  whr 


210 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


never  evaded  an  issue.  While  in  both  the  assembly 
and  senate,  he  served  on  the  appropriations  com- 
mittee, and  acted  in  the  capacity  of  chairman 
from  1915  until  his  death.  He  could  always  be  de- 
pended on  to  understand  the  sources  of  the  income 
of  the  state,  and  to  know  how  that  income  could 
be  most  wisely  expended  for  the  benefit  of  the 
state  institutions  and  the  state  departments.  As  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  education  he  rendered 
equally  valuable  service.  He  was  instrumental  in 
aiding  the  passage  of  all  the  beneficial  legislation 
that  was  enacted  during  his  long  term  of  service 
and  everything  that  was  unwise  or  hurtful  to  the 
interests  of  the  people  of  the  state  was  opposed 
by  him  in  a  vigorous  manner.  His  record  was  one 
of  accomplishment  in  road  problems,  educational 
legislation  and  sanitary  laws,  and  he  assisted  in 
procuring  the  armory  for  Somerville,  as  well  as 
the  money  needed  by  the  county  for  road  repairs. 
He  advocated  strongly  the  preservation  of  the  for- 
ests, and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Forestry  Com- 
mission. At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  regarded 
as  Bound  Brook's  leading  citizen,  and  every  one, 
rich  and  poor  alike,  knew  and  respected  him.  He 
was  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Bound 
Brook,  the  Bound  Brook  Oilless  Bearing  Co.,  and 
the  L.  D.  Cook  Co.,  and  vice-president  of  the  Bound 
Brook  Water  Co.,  and  the  Bound  Brook  Building 
Loan  Association.  He  was  also  a  charter  member 
of  the  Bound  Brook  Congregational  church,  served 
as  trustee  for  a  time,  was  a  deacon  from  1893  until 
the  close  of  his  life,  and  for  thirty-eight  years  was 
acting  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school.  His 
clubs  were:  Middlebrook  Country  and  Somerset 
Country.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  Dec.  14, 
1880,  to  Emma  Skillman,  daughter  of  Lewis  D. 
Cook,  of  Bound  Brook;  two  children  were  born  of 
this  union:  Ethel  Cook  and  Georee  Oakley  Smalley. 
Mrs.  Smalley  died  in  1897,  and  he  was  married  (2) 
June  27,  1900,  to  Jessie  M.  Cook,  a  younger  sister 
of  his  first  wife.  Sen.  Smalley  died  in  Bound 
Brook,  X.  .1.,  Dec.  27,  1916. 

PAULTJS,  Francis  Petrus,  artist,  was  born  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  13,  1862,  son  of  Charles  and 
Catherine  (Miller)  Paulus.  His  father,  a  hard- 
ware merchant,  and  a  native  of  Morhange,  Alsace- 
Lorraine,  came  to  this  country  about  1840  and 
settled  at  Detroit.  The  son  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  Detroit,  and  during  1880-83  was 
employed  as  bookkeeper  in  the  Detroit  National 
Bank.  In  1883  he  became  a  pupil  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  under  Prof. 
Thomas  Eakins  ,and  later  at  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Fine  Arts,  Munich,  under  Prof.  Gysis  and  after- 
ward Prof.  Loefftz,  1886-88.  He  returned  to 
Detroit  in  the  latter  year  and  became  instructor  of 
the  antique  classes  of  the  Detroit  Museum  of  Art, 
school,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year  was  in- 
structor in  the  life  classes.  In  1890  he  again 
went  to  Munich  and  resumed  his  studies  under 
Loefftz,  and  in  1892  was  made  president  of  the 
American  Artists'  Club  there.  He  entered  the 
Bonnat  studio  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  Paris, 
in  1893,  returning  to  Detroit  one  year  later.  In 
1896  he  became  associated  with  Joseph  W.  Geis  in 
the  Detroit  Art  Academy,  continuing  until  1903. 
During  the  summer  of  1898  he  spent  much  time  in 
London  and  Paris,  and  passed  six  weeks  in  the 
Louvre  making  copies  in  pastel  of  the  old  masters. 
The  following  summer  he  again  went  abroad,  but 
this  time  confined  himself  to  painting  scenes  in 
and  around  Bruges,  Belgium.  During  1896-98  he 
served  as  director  of  the  Ann  Arbor  Art  School, 
and  since  1905  has  been  director  ef  the  School  of 
Art  at  Bruges.  Mr.  Paulus 's  work  consists  chiefly 


of  portrait  and  figure  painting,  although  he  has 
done     considerable     landscape     painting,     besides 
etching  in  colors.    His  canvasses  show  breadth  and 
simplicity,  and  are  full  of  strength  and  color.    The 
most  important  of  his  works  in  oil  include:  "Nine- 
teenth    Century     Girl,"     "Louise,"     "Aziade, " 
"Toil   Saddened,"    "Potato    Gatherers,"    "Van- 
ity," "Holland  Girl,"  "Waiting  for  the  Bath," 
"Gleaner,"    "Wind   Nina,"    "The    Patriarch," 
' '  Last    Gleam    of    the    Sun, ' '    and    a    ' '  View    of 
Bruges,  Belgium. ' '    Among  his  pastels  are  ' '  Lady 
of   High   Degree,"   "Day   Dreams,"   "Self   Por- 
trait,"   and    "Girl   with    the    Chrysanthemums," 
and  he  has  also  completed  numerous  etchings.     He 
went    to    Venice    in     1903,    staying    there    seven 
months,  and  spent  the  winter  of  1903-04  in  Hol- 
land, thence  in  March,  1904,  to  Paris,  exhibiting 
in  the  Salon  of  that  year  "Portrait  of  My  Wife," 
' '  Old    Philosopher, ' '    and    a    pastel,    ' '  Self    Por- 
trait. "     In  July  he  went  to  Bruges,  staying  two 
years.     In  1905  he  exhibited  in  the  Salon  "Tran- 
quillity," and  "Among  the  Lowly."    In  1906  he 
travelled  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  remaining  in  Lis- 
bon several  months.     He  sent  to  the  Salon  in  1907 
' '  Portrait    of    Mrs.    Gilbert, ' '    mother    of   Alfred 
Gilbert,    the    English    sculptor.      He    returned    to 
Bruges  in  May,  1907,  when  the  series  of  ' '  Market 
Scenes  and   Interiors ' '  began.     In   1908   he  exhi- 
bited "The  Lady  of  the  Rose."     In  October,  1910, 
he  visited  the  United  States  holding  exhibitions, 
returning   to   Bruges   in   the   spring   of    1911.      In 
1912   he  exhibited   at   the  Salon   "Old   Market," 
Bruges;    1913,    "Sunshine    and    Shadow";    1914, 
"Les  Lavandieres"  and  "Market  on  the  Dyver." 
These  last  two  were  shipped  from  Paris  about  the 
time  the  war  started  and  were  thought  to  be  lost  en 
route,  but  they  were  later  found,  and  ' '  Market  on 
the  Dyver, ' '  was  taken  by  the  Belgian  government 
for  the  exhibition   of   Belgian  art   held   in   Paris 
in   1917.     He  was  compelled  to  leave  Belgium  in 
October,  a  few  days  before  the  Germans  entered 
the    town,    leaving    behind    a    home    filled    with 
antiques    collected    during    fifteen    years,    besides 
many   pictures.      The   following  are   some   of   the 
important  works  of  the  period  up  to  1913:     "The 
Beggars  of  the  Crypt  ";  "  Sunshine  and  Shadow ' ' ; 
' '  Market  Under  the  Trees  "  ;  "  Mother  of  Pearl ' ' ; 
"Wet  Day  in  Bruges";  "The  Blue  Umbrellas"; 
"A  Bouquet  of  Colors";    "Tranquillity";   "The 
Earthenware  Pot";  "The  Sacred  Refuge";  "The 
Visit";  "The  Brass  Kettle";  "Song  of  the  Cop- 
persmith";   "Fish    Market    of    Bruges";    "The 
Forge  " ;  "  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Gilbert  " ;  "  The  Lady 
of  the  Rose";   "In  the  Wash   House."     Among 
the    colored    etchings:      "Sentinel    of    Bruges"; 
"Quai   of  the  Minnesingers";     "Old    Market"; 
"Sunshine  and  Shadow";   "Belfry  of  Bruges"; 
"Church  of  Maria  della  Salute,"  Venice;   "Fish 
Market  in  Bruges";   exhibited  in  Paris,  Brussels, 
Ghent,  Bruges,   Rouen,  etc.,  at  private  exhibition 
in  London  in  1912,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Alfred 
Gilbert,  R.A.,  English  sculptor,  at  "The  Salon," 
Albemarle  Galleries;  "Old  Canal,  Bruges,"  in  the 
Art    Gallery    of    Indianapolis;    "Fish    Market," 
"Low  Tide,"  "Old  Bridge"  Bruges,  in  the  De- 
troit Meseum  of  Art.     In  1888  Mr.  Paulus  helped 
organize  the  Detroit  Etching  Club,  and  while  in 
Munich   in   1892,  was   president   of  the   American 
Artists'  Club,  and  organized  the  Munich  Etching 
Club.     He  was  an  -organizer  also  of  the  Society  of 
Western    Artists,    and    was    its    treasurer    for    one 
year;  was  vice-president  of  the  Associated  Artists 
of  Detroit,  and  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Society 
of   Etchers,   Munich   Etching  Society,   Societe   des 
Gi-aveurs  en  Noir,  Paris,  and  National  Arts  Club. 


FRAXCIS  P.  PAULUS 
ARTIST 


FRANCIS  M.  ROGERS 
MERCHANT 


THOMAS  G.  WINDES 
JURIST 


WILLIAM  G.  TURNER 
SCULPTOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


211 


New  York,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  or- 
der, Palestine  Lodge  No.  357,  Sovereign  Consistory, 
and  Moslem  Shrine.  He  was  city  appointee  as 
trustee,  Detroit  Museum  of  Arts,  1916-1920.  Mr. 
Paulus  was  married  June  3,  1903,  to  Adele,  daugh- 
ter of  Benoit  and  Rosalie  Frutig,  of  French-Swiss 
birth. 

ROGERS,  Francis  Medad,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Newstead,  N.  Y.,  May  20, 
1838,  son  of  J arris  and  Nancy  (Green)  Rogers. 
His  father  became  a  pioneer  farmer  of  Cerro  Gordo 
count}',  la.  Francis  M.  Rogers  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  the  county.  He  served  as 
a  musician  in  the  Federal  army  during  the  civil 
war,  being  attached  to  Co.  B,  32d  regiment,  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry.  For  years  following  the  war 
he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Mason 
City,  la.,  but  in  1SS9  he  settled  at  Clear  Lake, 
la..",  where  he  became  identified  with  banking  in- 
terests, and  was  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Clear  Lake.  He  also  had  large  ranching 
interests  in  Burleigh  county,  N.  D.  He  was  for 
years  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Cerro  Gordo  county; 
served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  town 
council,  and  was  mayor  of  Clear  Lake.  Politically, 
he  was  a  Republican.  He  found  his  chief  recre- 
ation in  hunting.  As  a  citizen  he  was  in  warmest 
sympathy  -with  everything  of  public  interest,  and 
at  all  times  was  ready  to  take  any  part  assigned 
to  him  in  promoting  the  public  welfare.  He  was 
married  at  Clear  Lake,  la.,  Oct.  4,  1865,  to  Phebe 
L.,  daughter  of  Seth  M.  Richardson,  a  blacksmith 
of  Clear  Lake;  she  survives  him,  with  three  chil- 
dren: Francis  Lloyd,  Ross  Richardson,  and  Merle 
Salisbury  Rogers,  bankers  of  Clear  Lake.  He 
died  at  Clear  Lake,  Sept.  4,  1916. 

WINT>ES,  Thomas  Guilford,  jurist,  was  born 
at  Apple  Grove,  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  Jan.  19,  1848, 
son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  Ann  (Ryan)  Windes,  and 
a  descendant  of  colonial  stock.  His  father  was  a 
minister  and  farmer.  Thomas  G.  "Windes  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  private  schools  of 
his  native  state.  He  matriculated  at  the  college 
of  law  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  studied 
law  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  and  at  Jasper,  Tenn. 
Meanwhile,  during  1864-65,  he  served  in  the  cav- 
alry division  of  the  Confederate  army;  taught 
school  in  Alabama  and  Tennessee  for  three  years, 
and  for  several  years  was  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  During  1873-79  he  was  elerk  in  a  law 
office.  In  the  latter  year  he  began  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago  in  1877.  He 
was  master  in  ehaneery,  eircuit  court  of  Cook 
county,  during  1880-92.  Since  the  latter  year  he 
has  served  as  circuit  and  appellate  judge.  He  be- 
came chief  justice  in  1908.  His  present  term  ex- 
pires in  192-1.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  Illinois  State  Bar  Association, 
Chicago  Bar  Association,  Chicago  Association  of 
Commerce,  and  the  Press  and  Iroquois  clubs,  Chi- 
cago. Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  is  a 
communicant  of  "the  Christian  Science  church.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  horseback  riding.  He 
was  married  Dec.  3,  186S,  to  Sallie  C.,  daughter 
of  Robert  Humphrey,  a  farmer  of  Madison  county, 
Ala.;  they  have  four  children:  Frank  A.,  a  civil 
engineer;  Zel  F.,  a  farmer;  Susan  A.,  and  Thomas 
Guy  Windes,  a  chemist. 

TURNER,  William  Green,  sculptor,  was  born 
at  Newport,  R.  I.,  October  21,  1833,  son  of  James 
Varnum  and  Catherine  (Ray)  Turner,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Capt.  William  Turner,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Boston 
in  1665,  who  raised  a  company  and  took  part  in 
the  repulse  of  the  Indians  at  Northampton  in 


1076.  Turners  Falls  was  named  for  him.  Dr. 
Peter  Turner,  grandfather  of  William  Greene  Tur- 
ner, was  a  surgeon  in  the  Continental  line  in  the 
revolutionary  war.  His  maternal  grandfather, 
Ray  Greene  (q.v.),  whose  grandfather  and  father, 
both  named  William  Greene  (q.v.),  were  colonial 
governors  of  Rhode  Island,  was  U.  S.  Senator  from 
that  state  during  1778-86.  Hon.  William  Greene 
(q.v.),  son  of  Ray,  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1866-67.  James  Varnum  Turner, 
father  of  our  subject  was  a  prominent  physician 
of  East  Greenwich  and  Newport,  R.  L,  and  Dr. 
Henry  E.  Turner,  our  subject's  brother,  practiced 
medicine  in  Newport  from  1838  until  his  death  in 
1897.  William  Greene  Turner  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  state,  and  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Civil  War  was  practicing  dentistry  in 
New  York  city.  Returning  to  his  home,  he  at 
once  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  2d  Rhode  Island 
regiment,  in  which  his  brother,  Charles  W.  Turner, 
was  a  captain,  and  upon  the  organization  of  the 
regiment  was  made  third  sergeant,  Company  G. 
After  the  Battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  promoted  for 
gallant  conduct  to  second-lieutenant;  the  following 
November  he  was  made  first  lieutenant,  and  in 
February,  1863,  was  promoted  to  captain.  In  the 
battle  on  Salem  Heights,  near  Fredericksburg,  in 
May,  1863,  he  was  severely  wounded  and  later 
discharged  for  disability.  After  a  protracted  ill- 
ness he  resumed  the  practice  of  dentistry,  but 
finding  that  profession  too  arduous  for  his  state  of 
health  he  turned  his  attention  to  sculpture,  for 
which  he  had  always  shown  a  natural  aptitude. 
In  1869  he  went  to  Florence,  Italy,  where  he  de- 
voted himself  with  much  success  to  his  chosen 
art,  and  where  he  continued  to  reside  for  more 
than  thirty  years,  returning  to  this  country  in 
1901  to  spend  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  his 
boyhood  home.  During  the  thirty  odd  years  in 
which  he  lived  in  Florence  he  produced  a  number 
of  works  of  art  which  found  place  in  prominent, 
private  and  public  collections  in  the  United  States. 
Among  his  most  pronounced  successes  were 
"Sabrina,  tiie  Nymph  of  the  Severn.''  described  in 
Milton's  "Comus" — in  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art,  New  York;  "The  Fisherman's  Daughter," 
originally  owned  by  Mr.  Wolverton  of  Philadelphia  ; 
•'Robinson  Crusoe,"  in  the  Newport  Historical 
Society  rooms;  "Rhoda,"  purchased  by  George  S. 
Browne  of  Baltimore;  "Transition,"  in  the 
Academy  of  Design,  Philadelphia;  and  two  bust 
figures,  "Night"  and  "Morning,"  copies  of 
which  are  to  be  found  in  many  private  collections. 
A  bust  of  the  artist 's  brother,  Dr.  Henry  E. 
Turner,  is  also  in  the  rooms  of  the  Newport  His- 
torical Society.  The  work  by  which  Mr.  Turner 
is  best  known  in  Newport  is  the  statue  of  Oliver 
Hazard  Perry  which  was  erected  by  the  citizens  of 
Newport  in  1887.  The  state  also  contributed  to 
the  funds  and  the  dedication  of  the  statue  was  a 
memorable  occasion.  Mr.  Turner  was  a  member 
of  Lawton  Warren  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Newport. 
He  was  unmarried.  He  died  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
Dec.  2::,  1917. 

THORNE,  Lansing-  Stephen,  railroad  official, 
was  born  near  Greenville,  Greene  CO.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  8, 
1M9,  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  Caroline  (Roe) 
Thorne;  grandson  of  William  and  Betsy  (Finch) 
Thome;  great-grandson  of  William  and  Mary 
(Parks)  Thorne,  and  great-great-grandson  of  Ed- 
ward and  Hannah  (Tripp)  Thorne.  Edward 
Thorne  served  as  2d  lieutenant  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution,  and  is  buried  at  the  old  Thorne  bury- 
ing ground  at  Gayhead,  N.  Y.  George  Thorne, 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer.  Lansing 


21" 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Stephen  Thome  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  Fort  Edward 
(N.  Y.)  Academy.  At  eighteen  he  went  west  and 
joined  a  civil  engineer  corps  engaged  in  surveying 
the  route  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  He 
then  became  a  clerk  in  the  service  of  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad  Co.,  and  through  successive  pro- 
motions became  conductor  and  yardmaster,  re- 
maining in  the  service  of  that  road,  chiefly  with 
headquarters  at  Lawrence,  Kan.,  until  1874.  He 
then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Texas  Pacific  Rail- 
road Co.,  and  from  the  position  of  trainmaster  he 
became,  through  successive  promotions,  master  of 
transportation,  division  superintendent,  super- 
intendent of  transportation,  general  superinten- 
dent, and,  in  1833,  vice-president  and  general 
manager.  He  remained  in  the  latter  capacity  un- 
til 1911,  when  he  resigned  ami  retired  from  active 
business  cares.  Meanwhile,  however,  he  had  for 
three  years  been  in  the  service  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railway  Co. ;  was  conductor  of  a  train  in 
Mexico  for  a  year;  was  made  superintendent  of 
transportation  of  that  road,  and  under  his  man- 
agement track  was  laid  from  Yuma,  Ariz.,  east- 
ward to  connect  with  the  G.  H.  &  S.  A.  Railroad, 
at  Houston,  Tex.  At  the  time  he  was  made  vice- 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  that  road  had  but  1,400  miles  of  track; 
when  he  retired  it  was  operating  more  than  1,800 
miles,  and  had  doubled  its  earnings,  and  become  a 
dominant  factor  in  transportation  in  the  south- 
west, handling  a  large  share  of  the  traffic  to  gulf 
ports.  So  onerous  were  his  duties  at  the  time  of 
his  retirement  that  the  office  of  vice-president  and 
general  manager  was  no  longer  continued  as  a 
dual  position.  During  a  short  stay  at  Omaha  as 
a  youth  he  volunteered,  in  days  before  Lincoln 
(Neb.)  had  a  railroad,  to  transport  over  the  lone 
some  trail  to  that  town  by  team,  a  New  York 
banker,  John  Inslee  Blair  (q.  v.),  and  the  success 
of  the  journey  resulted  in  a  friendship  which 
proved  lifelong.  He  also  became  a  close  friend  of 
Jay  Gould  (q.  v.),  and  he  included  among  his 
intimates  many  others  of  nation-wide  fame.  He 
had  the  confidence  of  all  the  men  under  his  charge. 
They  always  found  him  approachable  and  sympa- 
thetic. Men  all  over  the  system  were  devoted  to 
him  and  he  always  looked  out  for  their  interests. 
Many  had  worked  under  him  for  thirty  years. 
They  found  him  always  approachable,  always  sym- 
pathetic, and  they  could  always  take  to  him  their 
troubles  and  their  problems.  He  seemed  to  have 
distinct  prescience  of  the  future  importance  of  the 
great  southwest  as  a  commercial  and  industrial 
section  and  his  discernment  in  anticipating  needs 
and  demands  in  the  furtherance  of  constructive 
enterprise  and  in  railroading  was  especially  note- 
worthy. A  dominating  personal  characteristic  was 
his  innate  modesty.  He  placed  true  valuations 
upon  men  and  things,  was  buoyant  and  optimistic, 
and  his  urbanity  and  kindliness  never  wavered. 
His  sympathy  was  shown  in  kindly  thoughts  and 
worthy  deeds,  and  no  man  was  ever  more  free 
from  ostentation.  He  possessed  also  a  fine  sense 
of  civic  duty.  He  took  an  active  part  in  all  move- 
ments for  the  betterment  of  Dallas,  in  which  city 
he  made  his  home  from  1886.  Aside  from  his 
railroad  interests  he  was  a  director  in  the  Ameri- 
can Exchange  National  Bank,  Dallas,  and  was  con- 
nected with  various  commercial  and  industrial  un- 
dertakings. He  was  a  charter  member  of  the 
Dallas  Club,  and  held  membership  also  in  the 
Dallas  Country  Club.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Unitarian  Church,  and  his  political  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party.  He  found  his 


chief  recreation  in  hunting  and  fishing.  He  was 
married  Apr.  27,  1895,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Noah 
Cunning,  of  Ohio;  she  survives  him,  with  two  chil- 
dren: Julia  and  Mary  Thorne.  He  died  at  Dallas, 
Tex.,  Feb.  28,  1917. 

YOUNG,  H[orace]  Olin,  lawyer,  banker  and 
legislator,  was  born  at  New  Albion,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
4,  1850,  son  of  Horace  C.  and  Laura  P.  (Walker) 
Young,  and  a  descendant  of  colonial  and  revolu- 
tionary stock.  His  father,  who  was  prominent  in 
business  affairs,  was  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  New  York  state  legislature.  H.  Olin  Young 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  at 
Randolph  Academy,  and  at  Chamberlain  Institute, 
Randolph,  N.  Y.  Upon  the  advice  of  his  physician 
he  located  in  Michigan,  in  1872,  settling  at  Ish- 
peming,  when  the  latter  was  but  a  mining  village. 
He  was  equipped  with  nothing-  more  than  an  active 
brain  and  a  determination  to  succeed,  and  for 
seven  years  was  variously  occupied,  chiefly  in  odd 
positions  at  the  Lake  Superior  mine.  For  a  brief 
period  he  was  employed  at  the  Kloman  mine,  Re- 
public, Mich.,  and  subsequently  was  bookkeeper  in 
a  Republic  store.  Returning  to  Ishpeming  he  be- 
came bookkeeper  in  the  mercantile  firm  of  Curtis, 
Prime  &  Co.  Meanwhile,  he  studied  law  at  home; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Michigan  in  1879,  and 
in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Ishpeming.  In  1883  he  formed  a  law  partner- 
ship with  George  W.  Hayden,  under  the  firm  style 
of  Hayden  &  Young,  this  relation  continuing  until 
the  death  of  his  partner,  in  1902.  During  the  lat- 
ter years  of  the  co-partnership  he  was  counsel 
for  the  Lake  Superior  Mining  Co.,  now  the  Oliver 
Mining  Co.,  in  his  district,  while  his  partner  held 
a  similar  position  with  the  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron 
Co.,  formerly  the  Cleveland  Iron  Mining  Co.  This 
firm  was  one  of  the  most  successful  in  the  upper 
Michigan  peninsula,  and  their  practice  took  both 
members  into  every  court  in  that  section  of  the 
state,  while  they  also  won  many  cases  in  the 
higher  courts.  In  1902  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Frank  A.  Bell,  of  Negaunee,  as  Young  & 
Bell.  This  firm  likewise  transacted  an  extensive 
legal  business  and  the  relation  continued  until 
1912,  when  he  retired  from  active  professional 
cares.  For  years  he  was  city  attorney  of  Ish- 
peming and  he  served  several  terms  as  district  at- 
torney of  Marquette  county,  holding  the  latter 
position  during  1884-94.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  house  of  representatives  during  1879-80, 
and  he  was  a  member  of  the  58th  to  the  62d  con- 
gresses (1903-13)  from  the  12th  Michigan  dis- 
trict. He  was  re-elected  to  the  63d  congress  but 
resigned  because  he  believed  that  a  plurality  of 
the  voters  had  intended  to  vote  for  his  opponent. 
For  ten  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
state  committee;  was  for  years  chairman  of  the 
Ishpeming  city  committee,  and  chairman  of  the 
Marquette  county  committee.  He  presided  over 
many  city,  county  and  district  conventions  of  his 
party,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  staunch 
Republicans  of  the  state.  For  years  he  was  a  di- 
rector and  from  1914  president  of  the  Miners' 
National  Bank,  Ishpeming,  and  from  time  to  time 
he  was  associated  with  various  other  commercial, 
industrial  or  financial  undertakings.  In  1SSO  he 
was  supervisor  of  the  U.  S.  census  for  his  district. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  legal  and  civic  asso- 
ciations, as  well  as  of  the  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks.  In  congress  he  was  an  ar 
dent  advocate  of  high  tariffs,  and  through  his  ef- 
forts the  duty  on  iron  ore  was  retained  at  the 
highest  possible  figure.  He  served  on  the  rivers 
and  harbors  and  military  committees  and  other 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


213 


important  committees;  secured  a  large  appropria- 
tion for  new  locks  for  the  Soo  Canal,  and  it  was 
his  expert  testimony  as  a  member  of  a  government 
board  of  investigation  into  mining  conditions 
which  resulted  in  a  big  victory  for  the  mining  in- 
terests of  the  upper  peninsula.  He  gave  close 
attention  to  his  law  practice,  but,  unlike  the 
average  professional  man,  he  had  great  business 
acumen  and  marked  executive  and  initiative 
ability.  He  was  at  all  times  ready  to  lend  his  in- 
fluence and  tangible  co-operation  in  the  further- 
ance of  measures  and  enterprises  meeting  with  the 
approval  of  his  judgment.  His  sympathy  was 
shown  in  kindly  thoughts  and  worthy  deeds,  and 
no  man  was  ever  more  free  from  ostentation.  He 
was  married  Mar.  20,  1876,  to  Mary  J.  Marsh, 
of  Randolph,  Cattaraugus  county,  N.  Y. ;  she  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  at  Ishpeming,  Mich.,  Aug.  4, 
1917. 

EWING,  Presley  Kittredge,  jurist,  was  born 
at  "Ariel,"  La  Fourche  parish,  La.,  July  21, 
I860,  son  of  Fayette  Clay  and  Eliza  Josephine 
(Kittredge)  Ewing,  grandson  of  Ephraim  McL. 
Ewing  (q.v.),  chief  justice  of  Kentucky,  great- 
grandson  of  Robert  and  Jane  (McLean)  Ewing, 
and  great  great-grandson  of  Robert  Ewing,  who 
came  over  from,  or  near,  Coleraine,  County  Lon- 
donderry, Ireland,  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
settled  in  what  is  now  Bedford  county,  Va. ;  he 
was  justice  of  the  chancerj-  court  of  Bedford 
county,  Va.,  under  commission  from  George  II, 
beginning  in  1754,  and  was  a  member  of  Capt. 
Buford's  company,  in  Lord  Dunmore  's  war;  he 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  Caleb  Baker,  a 
Presbyterian  divine.  Robert  Ewing  (II),  served 
in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  was  brigadier-gen- 
eral in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  in  the  Kentucky 
legislature  for  twenty-one  years,  either  as  assembly- 
man or  senator;  he  married  Jane,  daughter  of 
Ephraim  McLean,  a  revolutionary  patriot,  who 
served  in  connection  with  the  Mecklenburg  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.  On  the  maternal  side  the 
Kittredges  have  long  been  eminent  in  New  Eng- 
land as  physicians  and  surgeons.  Indeed,  so  dis- 
tinguished were  the  original  membeis  of  that  name 
in  the  medical  profession,  that  it  is  said  the  name 
itself  in  New  England  was  a  passport  to  practice. 
Dr.  Francis  Kittredge,  of  this  family,  was  one  of 
the  most  skilful  surgeons  in  the  American  army 
during  the  revolution.  Presley  K.  Ewing  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Mississippi,  in  1881, 
taking  with  first  honor  in  the  law  department, 
the  degree  Ph.B.  and  LL.B.,  having  paralleled  his 
academic  course  with  legal  studies.  He  was  noted 
for  his  assiduity  as  a  student,  and  for  his  readi- 
ness to  acquire  and  retain  knowledge,  and  for  his- 
torical ability.  In  1SS2  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Texas  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Houston.  A  well-stored  and  thoroughly  drilled 
mind,  an  incisive  and  discriminating  judgment, 
steady  habits  of  industry,  and  devotion  to  the  in- 
terests of  his  clients  were  his  equipments,  and  by 
dint  of  these  he  quickly  won  his  way  to  the  front 
rank  of  his  profession.  His  first  association  was 
with  George  Goldthwaite  under  the  name  of  Goldth- 
waite  4;  Ewing,  which  lasted  nine  years,  and 
in  1894  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Henry  F. 
Ring,  Meanwhile  his  practice  had  extended  into 
all  the  trial,  appellate  and  Federal  courts  of  the 
state,  and  he  was  enrolled  as  an  attorney  in  the 
U.  S.  supreme  court,  where  he  has  appeared  in 
important  litigation.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Trans-Mississippi  commercial  congress,  at  Wichita, 
Kan.,  in  1899,  and  distinguished  himself  in  an 
address  on  the  subject  of  the  deep  water  outlet 


from  Houston  to  the  gulf.  He  showed  the  prac- 
ticability of  deepening  the  channel  from  Houston 
to  the  sea,  thereby  converting  Houston  into  a  land- 
locked harbor,  and  as  a  result  of  this  address,  a 
resolution  was  adopted  favoring  the  deep  water 
project,  which  work  was  later  accomplished.  At 
different  times  he  was  chosen  by  his  confreres  to 
be  district  judge,  to  preside  at  special  terms  of  the 
district  courts,  and,  in  1905,  he  was  duly  commis- 
sioned by  Gov.  Lauham  to  be  chief  justice  of  the 
Texas  supreme  court,  in  place  of  Chief  Justice 
Games,  who  was  disqualified,  in  the  celebrated  case 
of  the  city  of  Austin  vs.  Cahill,  reported  in  99 
Texas  Reports,  172,  88  S.W.  542.  He  presided  as 
such  during  the  trial  and  delivered  the  opinion  of 
the  court  in  this  case.  In  1908  and  1912  he  cam- 
paigned in  the  East  for  the  Democratic  national 
committee,  under  invitations.  He  was  president 
(1889)  of  the  Texas  State  Bar  Association,  and 
member  also  of  the  American  Bar  Association, 
Harris  County  Bar  Association,  Benevolent  and 
Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Houston  Country  Club, 
Houston,  and  he  is  a  Master  Mason,  Knight  Temp- 
lar, Shriner.  He  is  a  man  of  great  energy,  enthusi- 
asm, persevereuce  and  personal  magnetism.  He  is 
a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  10,  1895,  to  Mary  Ellen,  a 
brilliant  and  accomplished  woman,  daughter  of 
Charles  Clark  Williams,  an  extensive  sugar  planter 
of  Louisiana;  and  has  two  children:  Vesta,  who 
married  Joseph  Carrol  Vinson,  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  and  Gladys,  who  married  Dr.  Abbott  Carson 
Combes,  of  Elmliurst,  N.  Y.  (Portrait  opposite 
page  214.) 

UTLEY,  Henry  Munson,  librarian,  was  born 
in  Plymouth,  Mich.,  Aug.  5,  1836,  son  of  Hiram 
and  jane  (Sands))  Utley  ,and  sixth  in  descent 
from  Samuel  Utley,  a  native  of  Wales,  who  was 
made  a  freeman  at  Scituate,  Mass.,  about  1650; 
from  him  and  his  wife  Lydia  Hatch  the  line  is 
traced  through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Assbe;  their  son  James  and  his  wife  Anna;  their 
son  William,  who  occupied  prominent  civil  offices 
in  Vermont  during  the  revolutionary  war,  and  his 
wife  Sarah  Peabody,  and  their  son  Peabody,  a 
captain  of  the  30th  U.  S.  infantry  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  his  wife  Seraphina  Hildreth,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Henry  Munson  Utley.  On 
the  maternal  side  he  was  seventh  in  descent  from 
James  Sands  (162-0-95),  who  came  from  England 
while  yet  a  young  man  and  was  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Block  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Rhode 
Island.  Hiram  Utley,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
a  drummer  boy  in  the  war  of  1812.  Henry  M. 
Utley  spent  bis  boyhood  and  youth  on  his  father's 
farm,  and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Michigan  in  1861,  taking  his  A.M.  degree  in  1870. 
He  served  as  reporter  and  commercial  editor  on 
the  Detroit  "Free  Press,''  and  when  the  Detroit 
' '  Post ' '  was  founded  in  1866  became  its  city  editor, 
continuing  in  this  oflice  until  1881.  He  took  an 
active  interest  in  educational  affairs,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Detroit  Young  Men 's  Society,  the 
Detroit  Scientific  Association,  and  was  secretary 
of  the  board  of  education  in  1881-85.  In  that 
year  he  became  librarian  of  the  Detroit  public 
library,  which  contained  upwards  of  50,000  books, 
but  was  without  any  catalogue  or  systematic  ar- 
rangement. He  introduced  modern  methods  in  all 
the  departments,  and  increased  the  circulation  of 
books  from  15,000  in  1885,  to  over  1,000,000  in 
1900.  In  1912  he  was  made  librarian  emeritus 
and  so  continued  until  his  death.  Mr.  Utley 's 
writings,  which  would  constitute  many  volumes  if 
collected,  were  principally  for  newspapers  and 


214 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


magazines  and  have  never  been  gathered  in  per-  troubles  he  met  defeat  and  was  again  a  candidate 
manent  form,  except  such  as  have  been  reprinted  in  1910,  with  the  sauie  result.  He  was  an  ardent 
in  the  Michigan  Pioneer  Collection.  He  was  also  admirer  and  intimate  friend  of  Theodore  Roose- 
a  regular  contributor  to  the  proceedings  of  the  velt,  and  was  a  local  leader  in  the  Progressive 
American  Library  Association,  and  such  papers  movement  in  1912.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
and  addresses  appear  in  the  volumes  of  its  printed  was  secretary  of  the  Interstate  Stone  Manufac- 
proceedings  In  Collaboration  with  Byron  turers'  Association  of  Columbus.  He  was  a 
McCutcheon  he  wrote  the  history,  ' '  Michigan  as  Shriner  and  Knight  Templar,  and  a  member  of  the 
a  Province,  Territory  and  State,"  (1906).  He  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Knights 
was  president  of  the  American  Library  Associa-  of  Pythias,  and  Junior  Order  United  American 
tion  in  1895;  president  of  the  Michigan  Library  Mechanics.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Meth- 
Association,  1891-1906;  vice-president  of  the  De-  odist  Episcopal  church.  He  married  at  James- 
troit  Association  of  Charities;  president  of  the  town,  O.,  Oct.  4,  18S7,  to  Gertrude,  daughter  of 
Acanthus  Club,  Detroit,  from  its  organization  in  John  G.  Clemens,  a  banker  of  Jamestown;  she 
1881  to  1916,  and  member  of  the  Prismatic  Club,  survived  him.  He  died  at  Jamestown,  O.,  Dec.  7, 
He  was  married  Mar.  15,  1864,  to  Kate  Lillie,  1916. 

daughter  of  William  H.  Burr,  of  Pontiac,  Mich.,        TAFT,    Frederick    Lovett,    jurist,    was    born 
and   had   three   daughters:      Eirene,   who   married    at  Braceville,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  Dec.  1,  18/0,  son 
William  J.  Rowell,  of  Detroit;  Jane,  who  married    of  Newton  A.   and  Laura  A.    (Humphrey)    Tatt, 
William  H   Muir   of  Detroit;  and  Fram-es  Headley    and  of  the  same  ancestry  as  Pres.  William  Howard 
Utley.     He  died  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Feb.  16,  1917.    Taft    (q.v.).      A   great-uncle   of   the   subject   was 
TAYLOR,    Jesse,    lawyer,    banker,   editor   and    Matthew  Birchard  (q.v.),  one  of  the  early  judges 
publisher    was   born   at   Jamestown,   O.,   Feb.   28,    of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio,  and  a  leading  lawyer 
1864,  son  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Davis)  Taylor,    of  the  northern  section  of  that  state.     Newton  A. 
His    father,    a    farmer,    subsequently    removed   to    Taft,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer.     Fred- 
Yellow  Springs,  O.     Jesse  Taylor  was  graduated    erick  L.   Taft  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  Antioch  College,  Yellow  Springs.     He  then  be-    in  the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  Newton  Falls, 
gan   the   study   of   law    at    Xenia,    O.,   under   the    O.     He  was  graduated  at   Mount  Union   College, 
preceptorship  of  Judge  Thomas   E.   Scroggy,  but    Alliance,  O.,  in  1889,  with  the   degree  A.B. 
owing  to  impaired  health  his  family  took  him  to    then  taught  school  for  a  brief  period,  after  which 
Winiield,  Kan.,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar    he   attended    lectures   at    Cincinnati    Law   School, 
in   1886      The   following  year  he  began  practice    Upon  attaining  his  majority  he  was  admitted  to 
at   Richfield,   Morton   CO.,   Kan.,   which   then   con-    the  bar  of  Ohio,  and,  in  1891,  began  the  practice 
tained  but  four  houses,  and  was  fifty  miles  from    of  his  profession  in  Cleveland.     During  1898-191 
a  railroad.     He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney    he  was  an  assistant  county  solicitor  of  Cuyahoga 
of    the   county,   and    later    probate   judge.      Pres.    county.     He  resigned  to  resume  private  practice, 
Harrison  made  him  receiver  of  public  moneys  of    and  became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  ot  Smith, 
the  U.  S.   land  office   at  Garden  City,  Kan.,  and    Taft  &  Arter.    In  1906  Gov.  Harris  appointed  him 
he   continued    in    that   office   until    the    incoming    as  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  to  fall 
Democratic  administration.     He  then  resigned  and    a  vacancy,  and  he  was  subsequently  nominated  for 
returned  to  Jamestown,  O.    Meanwhile,  his  father-    that  office  by  acclamation  in  the  Republican  con- 
in-law   had   established   there  the   People 's   Bank,    vention,  but  was  defeated  with  the  ticket  at  the 
of  which  he  was  made  cashier,  in  1890,  continuing    ensuing  election  although  he  ran  several  thousand 
to   hold   that  position   until  June,   1916,  when   he    votes  ahead  of  his  companion  judicial  candidate, 
succeeded  his  father-in-law  as  president  of  the  in-    In  1896  he  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  21s 
stitution.     His  chief  work,  however,  was  as  an  ad-    congressional   committee,   and  the   following  year 
vocate   of   the    good    roads'   movement.      He   was   became  chairman  of  the  Republican  city  and  county 
president  of  the  Ohio   Good  Road's'  Federation;    executive  committees.     In  1900  he  was  a  member 
director-general   of   the   National  Highways  Asso-    of  the  state  central  committee  of  his  party,  and 
ciation     and   in    1911    established    the     magazine,    on    many    occasions   he   was    a    delegate    to    city, 
' '  Better    Roads    and    Streets, ' '    of   which    he    re-    county  and  state  conventions,  acting  upon  several 
mained  editor  and  publisher  until  his  death.     He    occasions  as  chairman.     In   1908   he  was  a   dele- 
urged  his  native  state  to  ' '  Get  Out  of  the  Mud, ' '    gate  to  the  Republican  national  convention,  Chicago, 
and  he  galvanized  that  slogan  into  life.     He  made    He  was  a  trustee  of  Mount   Union  College.     He 
speeches   and    addresses    for    the   cause   of   better    was  at  one  time  president  of  the  state  bar  asso- 
highways  in  practically  every  state  in  the  Union,    ciation,  and  a  member  of  various  law  associations, 
and  lobbied  for  better  roads  in  the  halls  of  eon-    Sous  of  the  American  Revolution,  Sons  of  Veterans, 
gress    and    in    state    legislatures.      His    magazine    Knights  of  Pythias,  a  32d  degree  Mason,  Sigma 
grew  to  be  a  leader  in  the  good  roads'  movement.    Alpha    Epsilon,   and   Phi   Delta    Phi   fraternities, 
He  had  a  unique  method  for  building  up  its  cir-    Cleveland  chamber  of  commerce,  Lmon  Club,  Cieve- 
eulatiou.      Because    of    his    prominence    in    good    land,  the  Columbus  Club,  Columbus,  and  Cleveland 
roads'  work  he  was  in   demand  as  a  lecturer  all    Athletic  Club.    He  was  a  communicant  of  the  First 
over  the  country,  and  he  agreed  to  make  addresses    Methodist  Church.    He  was  married,  Oct.  28,  li'Ol, 
provided   the   promoters   of   the    movement   would    to   Mary   Alice,   daughter   of   Frank  A.   Arter,  of 
guarantee  him  so  many  subscriptions  for  "Better    Cleveland;    she  survives  him,  with  four  children: 
Roads  and  Streets,"  and  he  always  got  the  num-    Kingsley  Arter   (1903);  Charles  Newton   (1904); 
her  stipulated,  and  many  more.     At  his  death  this    Frederick  L.,  Jr.,   (1906),  and  Laura  Emily  Taft 
publication  had  a   paid   circulation  of  more  than     (1909).     He  died  in  Cleveland,  O.,  Apr.  8,  1913. 
100,000,  and  was  recognized  by  the  advocates  of        JANEWAY,     Theodore    Caldwell,    physician 
good  roads  as  their  leading  organ.     He  took  keen    and  surgeon,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  L, 
interest  in  Republican  politics.     At  twenty  he  was    1872,  son  of  Edward  Gamaliel  (q.v.)  and  Frances 
president  of  the  Young  Men's  Elaine  Club,  Xenia.    Strong   (Rogers)   Janeway.     His  earliest  paternal 
In  1908  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  con-    American    ancestor    was    William    Janeway,    who 
gress  in  the  6th  Ohio  district,  being  chosen  as  a    came  from   England  in   1693  and  settled  in  New 
compromise  candidate.     As  a  result  of  factional   York.    From  him  and  his  wife  Agnes  de  Kay,  the 


PRESLEY  K.  EWIXG 
TURIST 


IIEXRY  M.  UTLEY 
LIBRARIAN 


JESSE  TAYLOR 
LAWYER 


FREDERICK  L.  TAI-T 
1URIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


215 


line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Jacob  Baltimore  professorship  was  en  the  full-time  uni- 
aiid  his  wife  Sarah  Hooglandt;  their  son  George  versity  basis,  in  accordance  with  the  gift  of  the 
and  his  wife  Effie  Ten  Eyck;  their  son  Jacob  general  educational  board.  After  the  United 
Jones  and  his  wife  Martha  Gray  Leiper,  and  their  States  entered  the  world  war  h(  engaged  in  spe- 
son  George  Jacob  Janeway  and  his  wife  Mathilda  cial  research  work  for  the  government.  He  re- 
Smith,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Theodore  ceived  the  rank  of  major  in  the  medical  officers' 
C.  Janeway.  His  father  (q.v.)  was  a  noted  reserve  corps,  and  in  the  office  of  the  surgeon- 
physician  and  educator  of  New  York  city,  prom-  general  had  charge  of  internal  mediciae  of 
inently  identified  with  the  leading  hospitals  of  the  the  army,  being  on  duty  in  Washington  from 
metropolis.  The  son  was  graduated  at  the  Shef-  July,  1917,  until  his  death,  at  which  time  he  had 
field  Scientific  School  of  Yale  University  in  1892  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  field  colonel.  He  was 
with  the  degree  Ph.B.  There  he  took  the  biolog-  a  member  of  the  general  medical  board  of  the  ad- 
ical  course,  making  a  brilliant  record.  He  was  visory  commission  of  the  Council  of  National  De- 
graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  fense,  and  of  the  advisory  committee  on  public 
Surgeons  of  Columbia  University  in  1895  with  the  health  of  the  food  administration.  In  his  work  dur- 
degree  M.D.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  ing  this  period  he  made  trips  to  inspect  conditions 
A.M.  from  Yale  in  1912,  and  the  degree  Sc.D.  in  the  camps,  and  his  strenuous  duties  ua- 
from  Washington  University  in  1915.  He  began  dermined  his  health.  He  had  joined  the  medical 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York  in  officers'  reserve  corps  during  the  troublesome  days 
1896  in  association  with  his  father.  During  1895-  on  the  Mexican  border,  at  which  time  he  was  on 
96  he  was  instructor  in  bacteriology  in  Columbia  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  unit.  He  was  also  an 
University,  and  in  1897  was  interne  in  St.  Luke's  authority  on  diabetes.  He  was  fond  of  music  and 
Hospital,  New  York.  He  was  instructor  and  then  reading,  and  found  his  chief  recreation  in  walking 
lecturer  on  medical  diagnosis  in  New  York  Uni-  in  the  Adirondaeks,  having  a  summer  home  at  St. 
versity  during  1898-1906,  and  during  the  greater  Hubberts,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.  Slight,  of  a  nervous 
portion  of  that  period  held  a  similar  post  in  Belle-  temperment,  he  was,  however,  never  irritable.  He 
vue  Medical  College.  In  1907  he  was  appointed  was  a  quick  and  easy  speaker,  fond  of  wit,  devoted 
associate  professor  in  clinical  medicine  in  the  Col-  and  generous  to  his  friends  and  students,  always 
lege  of  Physicians  anil  Surgeons  of  Columbia  doing  for  others,  and  never  sparing  himself.  Like 
University,  and  two  years  later  was  made  Bard  his  father  he  was  one  of  America's  foremost  med- 
professor  of  the  practice  of  medicine  in  that  in-  ical  teachers,  and  he  left  behind  him  a  rare  herit- 
stitution,  continuing  in  that  relation  until  1914.  age  to  Baltimore,  to  Johns  Hopkins,  to  Columbia, 
He  was  attending  physician  at  St.  Luke's  Hos-  to  Ms  hospital,  to  his  family — a  name  placed  at 
pital,  and  in  1911,  became  senior  attending  physi-  the  very  pinnacle  of  American  physicians.  He  was 
ciau  at  Presbyterian  Hospital,  New  York  city.  He  married  Sept.  27,  1898,  to  Eleanor,  daughter  of 
was  visiting  physician  at  City  Hospital,  Black-  William  Charles  Alderson,  who  was  treasurer  of 
well's  Island,  for  eight  years,  and  served  on  its  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Co.;  she  survives  him, 
board  of  directors  for  three  years.  He  was  in-  with  five  children'  Eleanor  Aldersou,  Edward  G., 
fluential  in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  Rus-  Agnes,  Charles  Alderson,  and  Francis  R.  Jaueway. 
sell  Sage  Institute  for  Pathology  in  connection  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Dec.  27,  1917. 
with  the  City  Hospital,  and  served  as  its  secretary  KLIPPART,  John  Hancock,  agricultural 
from  1907.  In  1914  he  went  to  Baltimore  as  pro-  scientist,  was  born  at  Canton,  Stark  co.,  O.,  July 
fessor  of  medicine  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  26,  1823,  son  of  Henry  and  Eve  (Henning)  Klip- 
physician-in-chief  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  contin-  part,  and  grandson  of  John  Jacob  Ernst  Klippart 
uing  in  that  relation  until  his  death,  gaining  a  (or  Kleber),  a  native  of  Frederickroth,  Hesse, 
reputation  as  one  of  the  leading  diagnosticians  of  Germany,  who  studied  medicine  in  Paris,  and  ac- 
the  country.  From  1908  he  was  a  member  of  the  compauied  Lafayette  to  America  at  the  time  of 
editorial  board  of  "Archives  of  Internal  Med-  the  revolutionary  war;  at  the  close  of  the  war 
icine, "  and  he  was  a  collaborator  of  "Archives  he  married  a  Virginia  lady,  Susannah  Kline,  and 
des  Maladies  des  Coeur. "  From  1911  he  was  a  settled  in  Maryland;  he  was  a  brother  of  Marshal 
member  of  the  board  of  scientific  directors,  Rocke-  Kleber,  Napoleon 's  commander  of  the  army  in 
feller  Institute  for  Medical  Research.  He  was  a  Egypt.  John  H.  Klippart 's  maternal  great-great- 
member  Association  of  American  Physicians,  So-  grandfather  was  a  Huguenot,  whose  family  fled 
ciety  of  Experimental  Biology  and  Medicine,  first  to  Flanders  and  afterwards  to  Pennsylvania 
American  Society  for  the  Advancement  of  Clin-  to  escape  persecution,  settling  near  Harrisburg. 
ical  Investigation,  American  Medical  Association,  In  1807  Henry  Klippart,  father  of  our  subject, 
and  the  Century  Club,  New  York  city.  He  was  moved  with  his  family  from  Maryland  to  Stark 
author  of  "The  Clinical  Study  of  Blood  Pressure, "  county,  O.,  where  John  H.  Klippart  attended  the 
(1904),  being  an  authority  on  this  subject,  as  he  "subscription  schools,"  taught  by  Irish  school- 
also  was  on  arterial  work,  and  at  the  time  of  his  masters.  After  securing  a  position  as  an  errand 
death  was  engaged  on  a  book  on  heart  and  blood  boy  in  Louisville,  Stark  co.,  O.,  he  later  entered  a 
vessels.  He  wrote  much  an  cardio-vascular  dis-  drug  store  in  Canton  in  the  same  county,  studying 
eases  and  therapeutics  and  was  an  authority  sec-  medicine  in  his  leisure  hours.  During  1840-47  he 
end  to  none  on  the  subject  of  nephritis.  He  served  as  clerk  in  drug  and  dry  goods  stores  in 
maintained  that  radium  in  the  treatment  of  can-  Massillon  and  Mt.  Eaton,  O.,  after  which  he  en- 
cer  could  supplement  the  knife,  but  could  not  re-  gaged  in  railroad  contracting  on  the  Pittsburgh, 
place  it.  Upon  his  appointment  to  Johns  Hopkins  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  losing  in  the  ven- 
the  editor  of  the  "Medical  Record"  defined  the  ture  all  his  profits.  In  1849  he  was  made  post- 
withdrawal of  eminent  physicians  from  practice  master  of  Osnaburg,  O.,  and  capably  managed  the 
to  the  pursuits  of  scientific  research,  hospital  prac-  affairs  of  the  office  until  1853  when,  in  associa- 
tice  and  the  training  of  young  phvsicians  as  a  tion  with  Daniel  Gotshall  and  later  with  John  M. 
"doubtful  experiment."  The  medical  world  in  Webb,  he  edited  and  published  the  "Democratic 
general,  however,  regarded  the  accession  of  Dr.  Transcript"  at  Canton.  The  following  year  he 
Janeway  to  the  ranks  of  instructors  as  one  of  the  removed  to  Cleveland,  O.,  and  edited  the  "  Ameri 
foremost  benefits  to  the  medical  profession;  his  can  Liberal,"  a  journal  whose  existence  was  of 


216 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


brief  duration.  He  then  became  associated  with 
Thomas  Brown,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  ' '  Ohio 
Farmer,"  continuing  until  December,  1856,  when 
he  was  elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Ohio 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  an  office  which  he  oc- 
cupied uninterruptedly  for  twenty-two  years.  At 
the  same  time,  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase,  governor  of 
Ohio,  offered  him  the  position  of  state  librarian, 
which  he  declined.  For  many  years  he  was  a  con- 
stant contributor  to  the  agricultural  press  of  the 
country,  and  many  of  his  essays  on  agricultural 
topics  and  translations  from  German  and  French 
agricultural  writers  are  to  be  found  scattered 
throughout  the  several  annual  volumes  of  his  re- 
ports to  the  legislature  of  Ohio.  In  I860  he  pub- 
lished an  exhaustive  treaty  on  "The  Wheat 
Plant,''  and  in  1862  a  practical  treatise  on  the 
"Theory  and  Practice  of  Farm  Drainage,"  which 
was  used  as  a  text  book  on  drainage  in  the  Ohio 
Agricultural  College.  In  1860  Gov.  Dennison  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  the  commissioners  to  visit  Mas- 
sachusetts and  examine  into  and  report  upon  the 
cattle  disease  then  prevailing  in  that  state.  Dur- 
ing the  civil  war  Mr.  Klippart  was  frequently  dis- 
patched by  Govs.  Tod  and  Brough  with  important 
messages  for  the  armies  from  Ohio  to  Nashville, 
Cold  Harbor  and  elsewhere.  In  1865  he  visited 
Europe  in  behalf  of  the  department  of  agriculture 
at  Washington  and  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, examining  the  European  institutions  for 
teaching  theoretical  and  practical  agriculture  and 
observing  the  systems  of  agriculture  practiced  in 
Great  Britain  and  the  countries  of  continental 
Europe.  His  report  of  this  tour  contributed  large- 
ly to  the  introduction  to  the  United  States  of  the 
Percheron  horse  from  France.  In  1869  Gov.  Hayes 
appointed  him  assistant  state  geologist,  assigning 
him  to  the  agricultural  portion  of  the  survey,  and 
in  1873  Gov.  Noyes  appointed  him  one  of  the  com- 
missioners of  fisheries;  later,  as  a  result  of  his  re- 
port on  the  fisheries,  he  was  selected  as  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  build  and  conduct  fish  hatcheries 
in  Ohio.  Though  deprived  in  early  life  of  the 
advantages  of  a  systematic  education,  by  persis- 
tent effort  he  secured  a  comprehensive  and  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  scientific  matters.  His  favorite 
studies  were  geology,  paleontology  and  botany. 
He  was  also  a  devoted  student  of  scientific  agri- 
culture, and  was  recognized  as  an  authority  on  the 
subject.  In  politics  he  was  never  a  partisan,  and 
in  religion  was  of  liberal  views.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Central  Acclimatization  Society  of 
Prussia,  the  Imperial  Agricultural  Society  of 
France,  corresponding  member  of  the  California 
Natural  History  Society,  and  president  of  the 
Natural  History  Society  of  Columbus.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  Cleveland  Academy  of  Science 
in  1856,  later  was  vice-president  of  the  American 
Dairymen 's  Association,  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  and  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason.  In 
all  the  important  offices  to  which  he  was  ap- 
pointed he  discharged  the  duties  devolving  upon 
him,  not  only  with  the  highest  degree  of  skill,  but 
with  the  greatest  fidelity  and  intelligent  care.  He 
was  justly  esteemed  by  the  entire  public  of  his 
native  state,  and  by  all  who  knew  him  personally 
or  by  reputation.  He  was  married  May  9,  1847, 
to  Emeline,  daughter  of  Adam  Rahn,  of  Canton, 
O. ;  of  the  two  children  of  this  union  one  survives, 
Josepkine  Klippart,  an  artist.  He  died  in  Colum- 
bus, O.,  Oct.  24,  1878. 

HATHAWAY,  Charles  Wesley,  merchant 
and  California  pioneer,  was  born  at  Freetown, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  Apr.  7,  1821,  son  of  Edmund 


and  Betsy  (Hathaway)  Hathaway.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Nicholas  Hath- 
away, of  Braintree,  Mass.,  who  later  settled  in 
Taunton,  Mass.,  about  1639.  His  earliest  maternal 
American  ancestor  was  Thomas  Rogers,  who 
emigrated  from  England  on  the  ' '  Mayflower ' ' 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  to  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  his  family  settling  later  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 
His  father,  Edmund  Hathaway,  was  a  well  known 
shipping  merchant  in  the  West  Indian  and  other 
foreign  trades,  owning  a  line  of  sailing  vessels. 
Charles  Wesley  Hathaway  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Andover  (Mass.)  Academy. 
He  began  his  business  career  in  a  mercantile  line 
in  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  so  engaged  when 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  California  was  heralded 
throughout  the  country.  Selling  his  business  he 
sailed  from  New  York  on  the  brig  "Dr.  Hitch- 
cock ' '  in  March,  1849,  and  crossing  the  Isthmus 
departed  from  Panama  on  the  sailing  vessel 
' '  Solidad, ' '  which  vessel  he  left  at  Monterey. 
California,  continuing  to  San  Francisco  on  the 
"Mary  Jane,"  U.  S.  government  schooner,  which 
arrived  at  San  Francisco  Aug.  3,  1849.  Like  most 
new  settlers  in  California  in  those  days,  he  gave 
his  first  attention  to  mining  and  prospecting,  but 
soon  gave  that  up  to  engage  in  grain  farming  in 
San  Jose.  He  then  entered  the  grain  business  in 
San  Francisco,  and  became  one  of  the  largest  mer- 
chants in  that  line  on  the  Pacific  coast.  The 
bonded  warehouse  built  by  him  in  the  earlier  days 
is  still  in  use.  He  built  and  owned  wharves  in 
important  sections  of  San  Francisco  harbor.  Dur- 
ing this  period  of  his  life  in  California  he  took  an 
active  interest  in  civic  and  municipal  affairs,  as 
well  as  in  politics.  He  began  his  political  duties 
as  a  Californian  even  before  he  had  fairly  arrived 
there  by  voting  for  delegates  to  the  constitutional 
convention  while  the  ' '  Solidad  ' '  stopped  for  a  day 
at  the  port  of  Monterey.  He  was  prime  mover 
and  one  of  one  hundred  who  inaugurated  the  Re- 
publican party  in  California,  to  which  party  h? 
never  failed  to  give  cordial  and  active  support. 
He  was  an  active  member  of  the  celebrated  vig- 
ilance committee  of  1856.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
an  alderman  in  the  new  reform  administration  of 
the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
first  marine  insurance  company  in  California.  He 
held  the  position  of  leader  of  the  "Lincoln  Wide 
Awake  Glee  Club,"  of  the  memorable  campaign 
of  1860.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the 
Unitarian  Society  in  the  Thomas  Starr  King  days 
of  that  historical  church.  He  was  most  interested 
in  all  educational  matters,  and  was  a  life  member 
of  the  Mercantile  Library,  the  first  of  its  kind  in 
San  Francisco,  also  a  life  member  of  the  Society 
of  California  Pioneers.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  the 
breeding  of  trotting  horses,  aad  in  1858  his  Iron 
Duke  took  a  prize  in  the  first  exhibition  of  Cali- 
fornia bred  horses.  Later  in  life  he  retired  to  his 
country  home  in  San  Lorenzo,  Alameda  co.,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  likewise  took  an  active  interest 
in  promoting  the  welfare  of  the  community.  He 
was  a  man  of  a  high  order  of  rectitude  and  great 
personal  energy.  He  deservedly  attained  a  large 
public  recognition,  and  he  honored  all  positions 
of  trust  and  prominence,  whether  commercial,  edu- 
cational, or  philanthropic,  with  dignity  and  abil- 
ity. His  career  as  a  business  man  is  recorded  in 
the  growth  of  San  Francisco.  His  salient  charac- 
teristics were  modesty,  clear  vision  and  absolute 
obedience  to  duty's  call.  He  was  married  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  July  14,  1862,  to  Laiurilla,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Forris  Moore,  of  South  Lee,  Mass.,  who 
died  in  1911.  They  had  three  children:  a  son, 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


217 


Charles  Wesley  Hathaway,  Jr.,  deceased ;  and  two 
daughters,  who  survive  him,  Laurilla  Moore  Hatli- 
away,  and  Minerva  Moore  Hathaway,  who  married 
Mansfield  Lovell.  He  died  at  "Sycamore  Park," 
San  Lorenzo,  Cal.,  May  25,  1899. 

STIRLING,      William      Robert,      capitalist, 
churchman  and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Porto- 
bello,   Scotland,  Mar.   30,   1851,  son  of  John  and 
Catherine  Mary   (Wellings)   Stirling.     He  received 
his  education  at  Thomas  Hodge 's  School,  St.  An- 
drew's,    Fifeshire,    and    at   the     Royal     Grammar 
School,  Henley-on-Thames.     He  began  his  business 
career  in  cotton  manufacturing  at  Manchester  and 
at  Glasgow.    In  1879  he  came  to  the  United  States 
and  settled  in  Chicago,  where,  during  the  ensuing 
decade,  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Joliet  Steel  Co., 
and   during   1889-97   vice  president   of   the   Illinois 
Steel  Company.     From  1897  he  was  a  partner  in 
the  noted  Chicago  firm  of  Peabocly,   Houghteling 
&   Co.,   investment   bankers,   in  which   his  partners 
were  Francis  Peabody  and  James  Lawrence  Hough- 
teliug.     He  was  successful  in  business,  and  was  a 
devoted  churchman,  with  a  passion  particularly  for 
missions.      He   early   took   an   active   part   in  the 
parish   life   and  work  of   Grace   Church,  Chicago. 
Besides  his  local  interest  he  was  associated  from 
the  first  with   Mr.   James  L.   Houghteling  in  the 
work  of  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew  at  old  St. 
James'    Church,   was   enthusiastically    engaged   in 
its  growth,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
chapter  of  the  Brotherhood  founded  in  the  early 
days  at  Grace  Church.     He  first  became  known  to 
churchmen    beyond   his   home   city   as   one   of  the 
founders    of   the    Brotherhood.      His   influence   in 
that  organization  during  its  formative  period  was 
second    only    to    that    of    Mr.    Houghteling.      For 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  Western  Theological 
Seminary,  and  a  loyal  supporter  of  Dean  DeWitt 
in  all  his  problems  of  administration  and  reorgan- 
ization   there.      Other    interests     of    many    that 
claimed   his   zeal   and  unceasing    work    were    the 
Tinted  Charities,  of  which  he  was  for  years  a  di- 
rector; and  later  the  Grenfell  Association,  in  which 
he   was   intensely   interested,    being    an    intimate 
friend  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Grenfell.     Yet  it  was  as  a 
friend  and  active  worker  for  diocesan  institutions 
and    for    missions    everywhere    that    he    was   best 
known.  For  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Missions  of  the   Protestant   Episcopal   Church, 
representing  the  Fifth  Province,  and  his  influence 
was   always   towards   the   expansion   of   the.   work. 
He  was   one   of   the   initiators   of   the   Layman's 
Forward  Movement  for  Missions.     In  1898  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Diocesan  Board  of 
Missions.     He  soon  found  that  most  of  the  other 
members  of  the  board  were  quite  as  uninformed 
about    diocesan   needs   and   opportunities   as   him- 
self.     He    gave   up   most    of   the    Saturday   half- 
holidays  and  Sundays  of  the  following  summer  to 
visiting  the  mission  stations  of  the  diocese.     Then, 
with  the  facts  at  his  finger-ends,  and  with  charts 
to   illustrate  them,  he  went  before  the  well-to-do 
congregations    on    the    Sundays    of    the    following 
winter,   and   told   in   his   straightforward,  incisive 
way   what    he    had    learned.      The    result   was   the 
doubling  within   a   year   of   the   diocesan   mission 
fund.     In   1910  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Missions  to  represent  what  is  now   the 
Province  of  the  Middle  West.     He  brought  to  this 
work   the   same   constructive    energy   that    he   dis- 
played  in   business   and   in  local   enterprises.     He 
gave  many  Sundays  every  year  to  what  to  him  was 
always  a  congenial  task  of  enlisting  the  co-opera- 
tion of  congregations  in   the  church's  worldwide 
work.     His  associations  with  the   national  affairs 


of  the  church  did  not  interfere  with,  but  rather 
increased,  his  usefulness  in  his  home  parishes. 
Owing  chiefly  to  his  vigorous  lay  co-operation  with 
his  rector,  the  general  missionary  offerings  of  the 
Lake  Forest  parish  had  been  increased  more  than 
eightfold  in  eight  years.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  regarded  as  the  leading  layman  in 
the  diocese.  Both  for  his  personal  worth  and 
for  his  splendid  effectiveness  in  whatever  he  under- 
took he  will  be  greatly  missed.  At  his  death  he 
was  a  communicant  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Chicago, 
and  senior  warden  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Spirit 
at  Lake  Forest,  where  he  had  his  summer  home. 
He  was  married,  Apr.  26,  188.3,  to  Alice  Ives, 
daughter  of  William  Gold  Hibbard,  a  merchant, 
of  Chicago;  she  died  in  October,  1910.  There 
are  three  surviving  children :  Alice  May,  who 
married  Francis  R.  Dickinson;  Dorothy;  and  Jean 
Weddcrburn,  who  married  Stephen  S.  Gregory,  Jr.; 
all  of  Chicago.  He  died  in  Chicago,  Mar.  3)  1918. 
(Portrait  opposite  page  218.) 

MTJMMERT,  Elmer  [Ellsworth],  lawyer  and 
legislator,  was  born  at  Goshen,  Ind.,  Feb.  14,  1863, 
son  of  George  W.  and  Louisa  J.  (Zinn)  Mummert. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Ohio,  removed  from  Canton, 
O.,  to  Goshen,  Ind.,  later  resided  at  Millersburg, 
Ind.,  and  subsequently  settled  at  Wawaka,  Noble 
co.,  Ind.  At  Goshen  he  was  manager  of  the  Stauf- 
fer  Flour  Mill,  and  before  he  left  the  city  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  railroad  supplies.  At  Mil 
lersburg  and  Wawaka  he  owned  and  operated  flour 
mills,  and  saw  and  lumber  mills.  He  was  promin- 
ent in  local  Republican  politics  and  upon  moving 
to  Wawaka  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  commissioners  of  Noble  county.  Elmer 
E.  Mummert  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Noble  county.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  William  Taylor  University,  in  1881,  with 
the  degree  A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from 
that  institution  in  1886.  He  was  the  youngest 
member  of  his  class,  and  one  of  the  youngest  men 
to  graduate  at  the  university.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  college  of  law  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
in  1885,  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  the  same  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Indiana,  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Goshen,  forming  a 
partnership  with  Wilbur  L.  Stonex,  under  the  firm 
style  of  Stonex  &  Mummert.  During  1889-93  he 
was  deputy  prosecutor  of  Elkhart  county,  assisting 
in  the  trial  of  several  important  cases,  and  he  also 
served  as  city  attorney  of  Goshen.  In  1900  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Indiana  legisla- 
ture, and  re-elected  in  1902,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  62d  and  63d  sessions,  on  many  important 
committees,  and  participated  in  many  discussions 
and  deliberations.  In  1901  he  introduced  in  that 
body  the  general  library  bill,  which  became  known 
as  the  "Mummert  Law"  and  which  resulted  in  ap- 
proximately seventy-five  Carnegie  libraries  being 
established  in  Indiana  cities  and  towns.  While  he 
was  serving  his  second  term  he  brought  about  a 
general  improvement  law  for  cities  and  towns,  and 
the  act  that  made  it  possible  to  erect  the  Goshen 
high  school.  In  addition  to  bringing  about  the 
required  legislation  that  gave  to  Goshen  its  public 
library,  he  secured  from  Andrew  Carnegie  (q.v.) 
a  contribution  of  $25,000  for  the  institution,  the 
first  in  an  Indiana  city  to  which  the  iron  master 
contributed.  He  was  a  member  of  the  initial 
library  board,  and  for  five  years  he  was  secretary 
of  the  Goshen  commercial  exchange,  to  which  he 
gave  unstintedly  of  time  and  effort  in  the  further- 
ance of  its  projects.  For  thirty  years  he  was  an 
influential  factor  in  local  Republican  polities.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  oftieial  board  of  the  First 


218 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  thirty  years.  He 
held  membership  in  various  law  associations  and 
was  a  member  of  Commercial  Law  League  of 
America,  the  Elkhart  County  Bar  Association,  and 
other  professional  and  social  bodies.  He  was  mar- 
ried, May  14,  1890,  to  Alice  Nusbaum,  of  Middle- 
bury,  a  successful  and  popular  teacher  for  eight 
years;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Maurice 
M.  Mummert  (1S92).  He  died  at  Goshen,  Ind., 
Sept.  10,  1917. 

SAWYER,  Edward,  railroad  officer,  was  born 
at  Dover,  N.  H.,  July  11,  1836,  son  of  Thomas 
E.  and  Elizabeth  (Watson)  Sawyer.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  William  Sawyer, 
who  came  from  England  in  1636  and  settled  at 
Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1643;  from  him  and  his  wife 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son 
Stephen  and  his  wife  Ann  Titcomb;  their  son 
Stephen  and  his  wife  Sarah  Powell;  their  son 
Jacob  and  his  wife  Susanna  Estes;  their  son 
Stephen  and  his  wife  Mary  Varney,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Sdward  Sawyer.  Thomas  E. 
Sawyer,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  lawyer.  Ed- 
ward Sawyer  received  his  education  in  the  grammar 
and  high  schools  of  L'over.  His  initial  occupation 
was  as  a  clerk  in  the  Lover  post-office,  after 
which  he  was  successively  cashier  of  the  Farmers ' 
ic  Mechanics'  Bank,  Rochester,  N.  H.,  and,  during 
1860-61,  clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of 
representatives.  During  the  ensuing  three  years 
he  was  cashier  of  the  Merrimack  County  Bank, 
Concord,  N.  H.  In  tie  latter  year  he  decided  to 
follow  the  Star  of  Empire  to  the  westward,  and 
at  Dubuque,  la.,  became  cashier  of  the  North- 
western Packet  Co.  In  1863  he  went  to  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  as  cashier  of  the  Davidson  Packet  Line, 
and  was  cashier  for  the  private  banking  house 
of  W.  F.  Davidson  &  Co.,  during  1868-71.  He 
then  entered  the  railroad  service  as  secretary  of 
the  land  department  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City 
Railway  Co.,  continuing  seven  years  in  that  ca- 
pacity. In  1878  he  was  appointed  by  the  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States  as  receiver  for  the  sale 
of  lands  in  the  suit  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway 
Co.,  against  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 
The  following  year  he  was  elected  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Mani- 
toba Railway  Co.,  serving  ten  years  in  that  rela- 
tion, after  which  he  became  treasurer  and  assistant 
secretary  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Co., 
which  office  he  held  until  his  resignation,  in  1912, 
when  he  retired  from  active  business  cares.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Unitarian 
Church,  St.  Paul.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  reading.  He  was  married  Nov.  29,  1859,  to 
Frances  P.,  daughter  of  Stephanus  Kelley,  Con- 
cord, N.  H. ;  she  died  in  1907.  There  is  one  sur- 
viving child:  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs.  Charles  Grant 
Rank;  St.  Paul.  He  died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
Oct.  9,  1916. 

SIMON,  William,  chemist,  scientist  and  edu- 
cator, was  born  at  Eberstadt,  Hessen,  Germany, 
Feb.  20,  1S44,  son  of  William  and  Agnes 
(Briegleb)  Simon.  His  father  was  a  Lutheran 
clergyman,  and  for  two  hundred  years  his  ancestry, 
on  both  sides,  has  been  predominantly  among  the 
Lutheran  clergy  in  Germany.  William  Simon  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  University  of  Giessen, 
where  he  was  a  student  during  1852-60.  He  was 
in  a  drug  store  during  1860-64.  He  served  as 
assistant  to  Prof.  H.  Will  at  the  University  of 
Giessen  during  1869-70,  and  in  1869  the  university 
gave  him  the  degree  Ph.D.  After  serving  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  war  he  came  to  the  United  States 


in  1871,  settling  in  Baltimore.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  M.D.  from  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  in  1880;  the  de- 
gree Sc.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1915,  and  in  1916  the  degree  LL.D.  was  con- 
ferred on  him  by  the  faculty  of  physics  of  the 
State  University  of  Maryland,  including  the  Balti- 
more College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  He  at 
once  began  his  business  and  professional  career 
on  his  arrival  in  America  as  chemist  to  the  Balti- 
more Chrome  Works,  a  connection  he  retained  un- 
til 1907.  In  1871  he  began  teaching  chemistry  to 
private  classes  of  physicians  and  similar  mature 
adults,  this  being  the  first  chemical  laboratory  for 
instruction  in  Baltimore.  In  1872,  in  consequence 
of  the  success  of  this  work,  he  was  made  profes- 
sor of  chemistry  in  the  Baltimore  College  of  Phar- 
macy, after  which,  in  due  course,  came  his  rela- 
tionship to  other  educational  institutions;  he  con- 
tinued as  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  this  college 
until  1902.  From  1880  he  was  professor  of  chem 
istry  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  and  from  1888  he  held  a  similar  posi- 
tion in  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery. 
He  was  president  (1887-88)  of  the  Maryland 
Pharmaceutical  Association,  and  fellow  or  honor- 
ary member  of  many  chemical  and  pharmaceutical 
societies.  In  his  later  years  he  withdrew  from 
many  of  these  organizations  because  of  the  de- 
mand on  his  time  which  membership  entailed.  He 
was  author  of  "Manual  of  Chemistry"  (1884; 
10th  ed.,  1912),  and  a  contributor  to  many  phar- 
maceutical and  chemical  journals.  He  made  his 
home  at  Catonsville,  Md.  In  the  course  of  his 
engagement  with  the  Baltimore  Chrome  Works  he 
invented  and  patented  an  important  process  which 
is  now  in  use  by  the  Henry  Bauer  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
the  present  owners  of  the  Baltimore  Chrome  Works. 
Dr.  Simon  was  an  amateur  painter,  and  produced 
a  number  of  meritorious  oil  paintings.  On  the  oc- 
casion of  a  visit  to  the  SOCth  anniversary  of  the 
University  of  Giessen,  in  1897,  he  was  invited  to 
deliver  an  important  address  before  many  dignitar- 
ies of  the  German  government,  in  addition  to  the 
large  gathering  of  educational  authorities.  He 
began  his  notable  relation  to  the  Lumiore  process 
of  color  photography  in  1907.  when  the  first  ma- 
terial was  available  in  the  United  States,  and  it 
may  properly  be  said  that  he  carried  color  photog- 
raphy to  its  utmost  power  with  the  process  men- 
tioned, prior  to  his  death.  He  persistently,  for 
more  than  nine  years,  applied  to  the  Lumiere 
process  his  vast  technical  knowledge  and  his  great 
rapacity  for  artistic  selection.  His  achievements 
in  color  photography  were  most  notable,  and  he 
was  probably  the  only  man  of  his  time  who  photo- 
graphed a  rainbow  accurately.  When  electricity 
was  first  brought  into  notice  as  a  matter  of  more 
than  laboratory  importance,  he  became  skilled  in 
its  application  to  commercial  work.  When  limnd 
air  was  brought  out  he  investigated  its  possibilities 
and  lectured  upon  its  uses.  Wireless  telegraphy  and 
photography  alike  engaged  his  attention.  He  was, 
although  an  alien  by  birth,  a  devoted  and  inter- 
ested American  citizen.  He  was  married  May  13, 
1873,  to  Paula,  daughter  of  Oberschulrat  Fritz 
Driver,  of  Vechta,  Oldenburg,  Germany;  she  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  at  Eagles  Mere  Park,  Pa.. 
July  19,  1916. 

SHEPARD,  James  Henry,  chemist,  was  born 
at  Lyons,  Ionia  co.,  Mich..  Apr.  14,  1850,  son  of 
Daniel  Ensign  and  Lydia  Maria  (Pendell)  Shep- 
ard,  and  grandson  of  Seth  and  Ruth  (Perry) 
Shepard,  natives  of  Vermont.  John  Shepard,  an 
eminent  New  York  jurist,  was  of  the  same  family 


WILLIAM  R.  STIRLING 
MERCHANT 


ELMER  MUMMERT 
LAWYER 


EDWARD  SAWYER 
RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


WILLIAM  SIMON 
CHEMIST 


• 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


219 


line.      Daniel   E.    Shepard,    father    of    James    H. 
Shepard,  was  a  pioneer  Michigan  farmer,  of  Pew- 
nno,  and  died  during  his  son's  boyhood.    James  H. 
Shepard  was  raised  by  relatives  ami  friends,  chiefly 
at  Maple  Rapids  and  Concord,  Mich.     He  received 
Ilia   preliminary   education   in    public    schools,   and 
for  three  years  was  a  student  at  Albion   (Mich.) 
College.     For  a  year  he  was  principal  of  schools 
at  Athens,  Mich.,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1S75  with  the  degree  B.S. 
During  the  next  six  years  he  was  superintendent 
of  public  schools  at  Holly,  Marquette  and  Saline, 
Mich.,  and  in  1881  was  a  post-graduate  student  at 
the  University  of  Michigan.     In  1*82  he  became 
instructor  in  natural  science,  Ypsilanti  Seminary,' 
and  he  continued  six  years  in  that  capacity.   From 
1898  until  his  death  he  was  professor  of  chemistry 
in  South  Dakota  Agricultural  College  and  chemist 
of   the   Agriculture   Experiment    Station   of   South 
Dakota.    He  was  vice-president  (1890-1900)  South 
Dakota  Agricultural  College ;  director  Experiment 
Station   of   South   Dakota   during   1895-1901,   and 
chemist  of  the  South  Dakota  Pure  Food  Commis- 
sion from  1901.     He  was  a  member  American  As- 
sociation Official  Agricultural  Chemists,  American 
Association     for    the    Advancement     of     Science, 
American    Chemical   Society,    Industrial    Chemical 
Society  of  England,  Society  of  the  White  Cross, 
Geneva,   and   a   32d   degree   Mason.      He   was   an 
elder  in  the  Presbyterian  cliurch,  Brookings,  ana 
for    seventeen   years    teacher    in    the   Bible    class. 
His  political  affiliation  was   with   the   Republican 
party.    He  was  author  of  "  Shepard 's  Elements  of 
Chemistry"   (1885);  ibid.,  briefer  course  (1890); 
"Notes  on  Chemistry"   (1886);  also  many  bulle- 
tins on  water,  forage,  plants,  sugar  beets,  maca- 
roni wheat,  etc.     When  he  went  to  the  institution 
to  which  he  gave  thirty  years  of  service  it  was 
then  maintained  under  the  supervision  of  the  still 
undivided  territoi-y  of  Dakota.     He  equipped  the 
laboratory   and   did   the   first   work   in   analytical 
chemistry  in  the  state.     For  a  time  he  was  head 
of  the  department  of  physics  and  pharmacy,  but 
the  growth  of  chemistry  soon  demanded  his  entire 
tims  and   attention.     Meanwhile,   he  trained  men 
for  the  special  work  of  the  departments  of  physics 
and  pharmacy.     He  was  for  two  years  director  of 
farmers7  institutes  in  the  state,  and  in  1901  was 
appointed  state  engineer  of  irrigation.     He  gave 
special  attention   to  investigation  and  experimen- 
tation in  connection  with  the  nitrogen  control  of 
the  cereals  of  the  state,  and  under  his  direction 
were    carried    on    the    milling    and    analyzing    of 
macaroni  wheats  which  the   U.  S.   department  of 
agriculture  was  introducing  in  the  state.     He  won 
international  reputation  as  investigator  of  bleached 
flour,  bad  whiskey  and  pure  food  violations,  and 
as  the  developer  of  a  superstrain  of  sugar  beets. 
His  ' '  Elements  of  Chemistry  ' '  proved  an  epoch- 
making  work,   since  it   introduced   the   laboratory 
method  of  teaching.     It  is  used  in  approximately 
four    hundred    colleges    and    one    thousand    high 
schools;  was  republished  in  England,  and  is  now 
in  use  in  Europe.     It  has  practically  superseded 
every  text-book   which   was  in  the  market  at   the 
time  of  its  introduction.     When  he  prepared  it  he 
was  still  a  young  man  and  comparatively  unknown 
in   scientific   fields;    his  manuscript   was   first   put 
through    the   test    of    being    submitted    to    expert 
criticism  by  professors  of  chemistry  at  Yale,  Har- 
vard and  Johns  Hopkins  Universities,  and  a  fav- 
orable  reception   was   at    once   accorded   it.      His 
later  abridged   course   is   used  extensively   in  ele- 
mentary  schools.     As  chemist   for   the  state  pure 
food  commission  lie  made  notable  experiments  oil 


the  effects  of  preservatives  and  coal  tar  dyes  oa 
digestion,   and    his   papers   on   the   subjects   were 
read    before    the    National    Association    of    Stati' 
Dairy  and  Food  Commissions  at  the  St.  Louis  Ex- 
positions and  four  other  conventions  of  that  body. 
His  exhibit  of  adulterated  foods  at  the  Louisiana 
Purchase   Exposition    attracted   world-wide   atten- 
tion.    His  investigations  on  nitrogen  peroxide,  the 
agent  used  in  bleaching  flour,  disclosed  the   fact 
that   it  was  a  powerful  antiseptic.     When  prose- 
cutions    were     subsequently    begun     against     the 
bleaching  trusts  he  served  as  an  important  witness, 
and  later  he  conducted  a  hearing  before  the  U.  S. 
secretary   of   agriculture   in   which    the   bleaching 
trusts  were  cited  to  show  why  the  practice  should 
not  be  prohibited  in  interstate  commerce.     It  was 
prohibited.     He  was  afterwards  called  in  the  great 
English   case  of  the  millers  against  the  Andrews 
Bleaching  Co.,  which  went  against  the  bleachers. 
He  also  served  as  witness  in  a  suit  in  New  Orleans 
brought    by    the    U.    S.    government    against    the 
bleachers,  in  which  the  bleaching  interests  lost  by 
default,  and  he  was  the  government 's  chief  wit- 
ness in  a  similar  suit  brought  in  Kansas  City.   This 
was  fought  bitterly  for  a  month  and  ended   with 
a  verdict  prohibiting  bleaching  in  interstate  com- 
merce.    The   first  systematic   analysis   of  whiskey 
were  made  by  him,  and  his  pamphlet,  "The  Con- 
tents of   Whiskoy"    (1906),   has   been   translated 
into   all  modern  languages.     This  report  brought 
nn  end  to  the  whole  controversy  over  fusel  oil,  etc., 
and  laid  a  foundation  for  judging  whiskey.     He 
was  an  important  witness  in  several  different  suits 
between   the   government   and   the   whiskey    trust. 
In  1909  he  was  delegated  by  the  State  Food  and 
Dairy   Commission   of   the   United   States   to   rep- 
resent the  pure  food  interests  in  the  famous  hear- 
ing before  Pres.  Taft  hi  the  attempt  to  solve  the 
question,  "What  is  Whiskey?"     When  much  mis- 
information  had   been   spread   about   the   country 
aneut  alkali  in  Dakota  water,  a  vital  question  in 
state    building,    his    investigations    disclosed    that 
little  or  no  true  alkali  occurred  in  eastern  Dakota, 
but   that  the  water  carried   the   neutral   salts   of 
calcium,  magnesium,  iron  and  sodium.     He  made 
chemical  surveys  of  all  native  grasses  and  forage 
plants  in  the  state,  publishing  the  result  of  two 
hundred    such    analyses,   and    he    also    determined 
the  digestive  co-efficients  of  South   Dakota  grains 
and  fodders.     Aside  from  his  professional  activi- 
ties  he   was  personally   interested   in   agriculture. 
He    owned    a    valuable    quarter    section    near    the 
college,   and   there   gave   special   attention   to   the 
breeding  of  Duroe  Jersey  swine,  Shropshire  sheep 
and  Jersey  cattle,  all  his  stock  being  thoroughbred 
and  registered.     His  herd  of  swine  was  one  of  the 
best  in  the  West.     He  also  grew  the  macaroni  seed 
wheat   for   government   experiment.      He   had   the 
keen,  analytic  mind  of  the  true  scientist.     Yet  in 
the  classroom  it  was  undoubtedly  his  personality 
that  most  counted.     Here  his  enthusiasm  and  zeal 
were  contagious;  his  readiness  in  homely  illustra- 
tion, his  orderly  skill  in  setting  forth  the  essentials 
of  an  explanation,  all  combined  to  make  him  an 
incomparable    instructor.      Even    minds   unfit    wel- 
comed  the   chemistry   hour,   and   upon   the   fit    he 
of  course  made  a  deeper  impression  and  determined 
their  life  work.     These  better  students  recognized 
in   Prof.   Shepard   that   rare   quality   of   scientific 
integrity.      Students   under   his   guidance   partook 
of  his  mental  processes  and  became  themselves  sci- 
entifically  honest.     To  a   noticeably  large   degree 
his   students   became  chemists.     In   faculty  meet- 
ings there  was  no  one  so  quick  with  suggestions, 
so   wise  and  shrewd  in   seeing   the   merits  of  the 


220 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


case,  so  ready  to  adapt  himself  to  new  conditions. 
His  kindliness  and  forbearance  were  also  in  evi- 
dence. His  angle  of  vision  was  wide.  With  a 
flexible  sympathy  he  never  lost  the  power  of  sec- 
ine  things  from  the  youth's  point  of  view;  hence 
as  between  faculty  and  students  he  was  a  valuable 
counsellor.  In  his  death  the  students  lost  one 
of  their  most  effective  instructors  and  truest 
friends,  the  college  one  who  gave  dignity  and 
worth  to  instruction,  and  the  state  a  man  whose 
services  were  ready  and  valuable.  He  was  married 
June  28,  1888,  to  Clara  B.,  daughter  of  Seneca 
Durand,  a  traveling  salesman,  of  Ypsilauti;  she 
survives  him,  with  three  children:  Helen  Boruice 
(1889),  South  Dakota  State  College  of  Agricul- 
ture and  Chemical  Arts,  1913,  who  married  Dr. 
George  Atwood,  Arlington,  S.  D.;  Albert  Durand 
(1891),  South  Dakota  State  College,  1914,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  1916,  U.  S.  government  inspector 
of  po'wders  and  explosives  during  the  war;  and 
James  Henry  Shepard,  Jr.  (1896),  U.  S.  govern- 
ment inspector  of  powders  and  explosives  at  Allen- 
town,  Pa.,  during  the  war.  James  Henry  Shepard 
died  at  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.,  Feb.  21,  1918. 

CROMWELL,  Bartlett  Jefferson,  naval  offi- 
cer, was  born  near  Springplace,  Walker  CO.,  Ga., 
Feb.  9,  1840,  son  of  Andrew  Forgison  and  Sarah 
(Eagon)  Cromwell.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  came  from  England  in  the  17th  cen- 
tury and  settled  at  Abington,  Va.  Andrew  F. 
Cromwell,  father  of  Bear  Admiral  Cromwell,  was 
a  physician,  a  man  of  education  and  of  high 
character,  who  ranked  well  in  his  profession. 
Bartlett  J.  Cromwell  was  appointed  from  Neb- 
braska  and  entered  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
Annapolis,  in  1857,  and  was  graduated  at  that  in- 
stitution as  midshipman  in  1861.  He  was  made 
a  lieutenant  in  1862 ;  lieutenant-commander  in 
1866;  commander  in  1874;  captain  in  1889;  com- 
modore in  1898,  and  rear-admiral  in  1899.  He 
left  the  school  at  Annapolis  a  month  before  grad- 
uation, upon  its  occupation  by  Gen.  Butler  with 
the  8th  Massachusetts  regiment  at  the  beginning 
of  the  civil  war,  being  one  of  a  detachment  of 
midshipmen  ordered  to  Washington.  Communica- 
tion being  cut  off  he  marched  with  the  staff  of 
the  71st  New  York  regiment  to  the  capitol.  He 
was  ordered  from  Washington  to  the  receiving 
ship  "Princeton,"  at  Philadelphia,  and  as  senior 
midshipman  was  detailed  to  take  temporary 
charge  of  the  sailing  sloop  "Jamestown,"  having 
about  three  hundred  recruits  quartered  on  board 
for  drill  and  instruction.  Subsequently  he  was  or- 
dered to  the  steam  sloop  "Iroquois, "  and  per- 
lurmed  the  duties  of  midshipman  and  watch  offi- 
cer during  the  search  of  that  vessel  in  the  West 
Indies  for  the  Confederate  steamer  ' '  Sumpter, ' ' 
and  during  the  blockade  of  the  latter  vessel  at 
St.  Pierre,  Martinique.  In  1862  he  was  ordered 
to  the  steamer  ' '  Quaker  City ' '  as  navigator  and 
was  promoted  acting  master;  he  was  attached 
to  that  vessel  at  the  time  it  captured  the  brig 
"Lilly,"  the  steamer  "Adella, "  and  when  the 
blockade  runner  "Memphis"  was  stopped,  board- 
ed and  permitted  to  proceed.  His  efforts,  after 
all  cithers  had  failed,  saved  the  ' '  Quaker  City ' ' 
from  loss  when  that  vessel  grounded  on  a  reef  at 
the  mouth  of  the  North  Edisto  river.  Later  he 
was  made  executive  officer  of  the  gunboat  ' '  Cone- 
maugh."  In  1863  he  participated  in  the  attacks 
on  Morris  Island  and  Battery  Gregg,  pointing  and 
firing  the  first  shots  from  the  fleet.  He  was  then 
placed  in  command  of  the  captured  Confederate 
ram  ' '  Atlanta ' '  on  the  passage  of  that  vessel 
from  Port  Royal  to  Philadelphia.  For  his  success 


in   keeping  the   leaky  vessel   afloat   he  was   highly 
complimented.      During    1864-65   he  was   executive 
officer  of  the  steamer  "Proteus"  of  the  East  Gulf 
Squadron,  and  aided  in  the  capture  of  the  blockade 
runners  "Jupiter"  and  "Ruby."     He  was  execu- 
tive officer  of  the  ' '  Shawmut, ' '  Brazil  squadron, 
La  Plata  and  Uruguay  rivers,  during  1865-66.  Dur- 
ing the  ensuing  three  years  he  was  stationed  at 
the  U.   S.  naval   Academy   as  instructor,  and  at- 
tached to  the  sailing  ship  "Macedonian,"  making 
summer  cruises  in  European  waters.     For  the  next 
two  years  he  was  executive  officer  of  the  double- 
turreted   monitor   "  Miantonomah. "     He  was   ex- 
ecutive officer  of  the  "Plymouth,"  Mediterranean 
squadron,  during  1870-72,  and  for  a  year  was  on 
duty  at  the  naval  torpedo  station,  Newport,  E.  I. 
At  the  time  of  the  ' '  Virginius ' '  difficulty  he  was 
executive  officer  of  the  ' '  Powhattan, ' '  engaged  in 
convoying  monitors  to  the  fleet  assembled  at  Key 
West.     He  was  on  duty  as  inspector  of  ordnance 
at  the  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia,  during  1S75-77, 
and  upon  its  sale  and  removal  to  League  Island 
continued  on  duty  there  until  187S.     He  was  then 
placed   in    command   of   the   "Bio     Bravo"     and 
forces  on  the  Bio  Grande  river,  doing  patrol  duty 
to    prevent   cattle    raiding,    and   with   that   vessel 
charted   the   Bio    Grande   for   200   miles.      Subse- 
quently he  commanded  the  "  Ticonderoga"  on  spe- 
cial service  along  the  African  coasts  and  in  the 
Orient,    entirely    circumnavigating    the    globe,    his 
ship   being  the  first   American  man-of-war  to   be 
seen  in  many  of  the  Eastern  ports.     He  was  at- 
tached to  the  navy  yard,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  dur- 
ing 1882-84  as  inspector  of  ordnance,  and  was  in 
command   of  the  naval   rendezvous,   Phils  delphia, 
during  1884-85.    After  a  period  of  duty  at  League 
Island   navy   yard   he   was   assigned    to    ordnance 
duty   at    Cramp's   shipyard,    Philadelphia,    and    to 
Chester,    Pa.,    in    connection    with    new    cruisers. 
During     1889-91     he     commanded     the     flagship 
"Omaha"  on  the  Asiatic  station.     He  was  cap- 
tain of  the  yard  at  the  navy  yard,  Norfolk,  during 
1S92-94,  and  he  was  then  ordered  to  command  the 
"Atlanta,1'     which     guarded    American    interests 
during  the  insurrection  in  Columbia,  in  1895,  and 
the  ' '  Atlanta  ' '  was  the  last  American  man-of-war 
to    visit    Havana    prior    to    the    sinking    of    the 
"Maine,"    in    1898.      During    1896-98    he   was    a 
member    of    the    naval    examining    and    retiring 
boards.     When  detached  from  these  boaids  he  was 
ordered  to   Havana   to   assume   command    of    the 
naval   station   there,   with    orders   from   the   presi- 
dent,  which   included   the   control   of   all   matters 
pertaining  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  harbor.     In 
that  capacity  he  conferred  with  the  commissioners 
for    the    evacuation    of    Cuba,    relieved    Admiral 
Sampson,  and  on  Jan.  1,  1899,  took  possession  of 
property   of   the   navy   of   the   Admiralty   Palace, 
navy  yard,  naval  magazine,  the  building  and  offi- 
ces of  the  captain  of  the  port,  and  of  Morro  Castle 
lighthouse  and  signal  station.     As  rear  admiral  he 
hoisted  his  flag  on  the  ' '  Resolute. ' '     At  the  close 
of  1899  he  was  made  president  of  the  naval  retir- 
ing board,  and  later  ordered  to  command  the  naval 
station,   Portsmouth,   N.   H.      In   1901   he  was   in 
command  of  the  South  Atlantic  squadron,  flagship 
"Chicago,"   and   was   transferred   to    re-establish 
the  European  station  with  the  same  flagship,   re- 
ceiving notable  honors  in  many  countries.     Having 
reached    the   age   of   sixty-two    years   he   was   de- 
tached; hauled  down  his  flag  at  Palermo,  returned 
home,  and  was  placed  on  the  retired  list,  Feb.  9, 
1902.      Admiral   Cromwell    was   a    strict    disciplin- 
arian, but  was  always  considerate  of  the  comfort 
of    those    under    his   command.      He    never    made 


220  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


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CYCLOPEDIA    QF    AMERICAN    aiQDRA 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


221 


a  public  demonstration  of  his  friendship ;  yet  few 
were  as  constant  and  sincere.  His  was  a  heart  full 
of  benevolence  and  feeling,  and  he  held  the  confi- 
dence, respect  and  admiration  of  all  connected  with 
the  service  to  which  he  gave  his  entire  life.  His 
summer  home  was  at  Montrose,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  a  naval  organiza- 
tion and  club.  He  was  married  Dec.  31,  1866,  to 
Lizzie  S.,  daughter  of  James  S.  Huber,  of  Phila- 
delphia; she  survives  him,  with  three  daughters: 
Mrs.  Wm.  Kilburn;  Mrs.  Jay  Hale  Sypher,  wife 
of  Commander  Sypher,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
Mrs.  Needham  Lee  Jones,  wife  of  Lieut.  Com- 
mander Jones,  retired.  His  grandson,  Charles  L. 
Kilburn,  son  of  Com.  William  Kilburn,  is  a  captain 
in  the  coast  artillery  of  the  U.  S.  regular  army, 
being  a  graduate  of  West  Point.  Admiral  Crom- 
well died  at  Montrose,  Pa.,  June  24,  1917. 

BUNDY,  Eugene  Halleck,  jurist,  was  born 
at  New  Castle,  Iml.,  Oct.  10,  1846,  son  of  Martin 
L.  and  Amanda  (Elliott)  Bundy.  His  maternal 
grandfather,  Abraham  Elliott,  was  a  noted  Indiana 
lawyer,  master  in  chancery,  member  of  the  board 
of  justices,  and  associate  judge.  Jehu  T.  Elliott, 
his  uncle,  was  for  years  judge  of  the  Henry  cir- 
cuit court  and  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana. 
Martin  L.  Bundy,  his  father,  was  one  of  the  earli- 
est pioneers  of  eastern  Indiana,  president  First 
National  Bank  of  New  Castle,  and,  at  his  death, 
the  oldest  member  of  the  Henry  county  bar. 
Eugene  H.  Buudy  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  common  and  academic  schools  of  New 
Castle.  At  fifteen  he  was  appointed  a  page  in 
the  house  of  representatives  of  Indiana,  a  position 
which  brought  him  into  contact  with  many  eminent 
persons,  and  all  of  the  state  legislators  of  the 
thrilling  Civil  war  period.  As  page  he  announced 
the  names  of  the  members  of  the  assembly  to  the 
president-elect,  Abraham  Lincoln,  when  the  latter 
made  his  celebrated  journey  to  Washington  for 
the  inaugural  ceremonies.  In  1862  he  filled  a 
clerkship  under  his  father,  who  at  that  time  was 
a  paymaster  in  the  army,  and  he  also  served  in 
that  capacity  during  a  part  of  the  ensuing  two 
years,  chiefly  in  Detroit,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and 
Indianapolis.  After  his  return  from  the  military 
service,  in  1864,  he  entered  Miami  University, 
Oxford,  0.,  where  he  spent  two  years.  He  took 
the  work  of  the  sophomore  year  at  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  and,  returning  to  Miami  Uni- 
versity was  graduated  at  that  institution  in  1869, 
with  the  degree  A.B.,  and  the  university  gave  him 
the  degree  A.M.  in  1872.  Following  his  gradua- 
tion he  began  the  study  of  law  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  his  father,  and  in  1870  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Indiana.  In  the  same  year  he  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  New  Castle,  form 
ing  a  partnership  with  Mark  E.  Forkner,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Forkner  &  Bundy,  an  association 
which  continued  until  1876.  He  then  became  the 
partner  of  his  father-in-law,  Judge  Joshua  H.  Mel- 
lett, then  just  retiring  from  the  bench,  and  the 
firm  of  Mellett  &  Bundy  continued  for  thirteen 
years,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest 
in  eastern  Indiana.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  by  a  majority  of  more  than  five 
thousand  to  represent  the  district  composed  of 
Henry,  Delaware  and  Randolph  counties.  He 
served  in  the  51st  regular  and  special  sessions  of 
1881,  and  the  52d  regular  session  of  1883.  In 
1884  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Indiana.  In  1886,  upon  the 
resignation  of  Lieut.  Gov.  Manson,  he  was  solicited 
to  accept  the  nomination  SOT  the  office,  but  de- 
clined. In  1887  when  the  state  was  erecting  addi- 


tional hospitals  for  the  insane  at  Richmond, 
Logansport  and  Evansville,  Gov.  Isaac  P.  Gray 
appointed  him  a  member  of  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners to  which  the  construction  of  the  buildings 
was  intrusted.  In  1889  Gov.  Alvin  P.  Hovey  ap- 
pointed him  judge  of  the  53d  judicial  circuit, 
newly  created  by  legislative  enactment,  and  in 
1890  he  was  elected  to  this  position  for  a  term  of 
six  years.  He  retired  with  honor  from  the  bench 
in  1896  and  at  once  formed  a  law  partnership  with 
Judge  John  M.  Morris.  He  particularly  dis- 
tinguished himself  as  a  jurist,  and  gave  to  his 
work  on  the  bench  the  best  there  was  in  him.  His 
ability  and  impartiality  as  a  judge  was  ac- 
knowledged by  the  leading  members  of  the  profes- 
sion in  Indiana.  The  firm  of  Bundy  i-  Morris 
continued  until  1902.  He  practiced  independently 
for  several  years  and  then  formed  a  partnership 
with  N.  Guy  Jones,  as  Bundy  &  Jones,  which  rela- 
tion continued  until  his  death.  Aside  from  pro- 
fessional activities  he  had  from  time  to  time  been 
interested  in  various  industrial  and  financial  under- 
takings. He  was  vice-president  and  director  of 
the  Central  Trust  &  Savings  Co.,  and  he  was 
associated  with  Charles  S.  Hernly  in  the  build- 
ing of  the  Indianapolis,  New  Castle  &  Toledo 
Electric  Railroad,  known  as  the  "Honey  Bee 
Line. ' '  He  was  a  director  in  the  Industrial  Co., 
New  Castle,  through  whose  agency  factories  were 
located  that  were  responsible  for  New  Castle's 
growth,  and  he  took  an  active  interest  in  every- 
thing that  benefitted  New  Castle  and  spelled  pros- 
perity for  its  people.  During  the  campaigns  of 
1898  and  1900  he  was  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Republican  state  central  com- 
mittee, and  he  was  long  a  dominant  factor  in 
party  councils,  and  was  widely  known  as  an  orator 
and  campaign  speaker.  He  was  closely  identified 
with  the  religious  welfare  and  charitable  work  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  the  Henry  County  Historical  Society,  ami  a 
member  also  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  Improved 
Order  of  Red  Men,  and  the  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks.  He  won  for  himself  a  wide 
reputation  as  an  able  and  successful  practitioner, 
and  he  had  won  also  the  distinguished  considera- 
tion of  the  foremost  lawyers  and  jurists  of  Indi- 
ana. As  a  man  he  was  full  of  the  noble  traits 
which  make  a  gentleman.  He  was  refined,  courte- 
ous, agreeable  and  faithful.  He  was  firm  in  adher- 
ing to  his  own  conceptions  of  right;  fearless  to  ex- 
press his  opinions;  positive  in  his  character;  and 
able  to  maintain  with  skill  and  ability  his  views  on 
all  important  questions.  He  married,  at  New  Cas- 
tle, Ind.,  July  6,  1870,  Elizabeth  Mary  (Bettie), 
daughter  of  Judge  Joshua  H.  Mellett,  of  New 
Castle;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Nellie 
Katherine  Bundy.  He  died  at  New  Castle  Ind., 
Aug.  2.5,  1917. 

HOOPER,  Joseph  Albert,  soldier,  railroad 
executive,  and  cotton  factor,  was  born  near  Dan- 
ville, Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  Apr.  30,  1840,  son  of 
Joseph  and  Eleanor  (Minims)  Hooper,  and  grand- 
son of  George  Hooper,  whose  wife  was  an  Elkins. 
George  Hooper  came  from  England  in  the  18th 
century  and  settled  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  planter 
and  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  the  revolution,  par- 
ticipating in  the  battle  of  Yorktown.  Joseph 
Hooper,  father  of  the  subject,  was  also  a  planter. 
Joseph  A.  Hooper  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  cTiuntry  schools,  and  subsequently  became 
a  student  at  Columbus  (Ga.)  College.  In  the  war 
between  the  states  he  served  as  captain  of  Co.  F, 
2d  regiment  North  Carolina  cavalry,  which  was 
attached  to  Jackson's  corps,  Army  of  Northern 


222 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Virginia.  He  was  with  the  Confederate  army 
during  Vie  entire  term  of  the  war;  was  wounded 
at  Seven  Pines,  and  at  the  close  of  hostilities  was 
discharged  with  the  rank  of  senior  captain.  In  1866 
he  removed  to  Texas,  and  was  employed  as  cotton 
purchaser  by  tha  Galveston  firm  of  Wolston,  Wells 
&  Veder.  He  continued  in  the  service  of  the  Gal- 
veston concern  until  1872,  when  he  removed  to 
Austin  andj  in.  connection  with  an  independent 
cotton  business,  acted  as  freight  solicitor  for  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  Subsequently  he 
acted  for  the  railroad  company  in  various  other 
capacities  in  Texas,  and  superintended  the  con- 
struction of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &•  Texas  Rail- 
road from  Taylor  to  Houston.  Upon  the  comple- 
tion of  this  road  he  was  elected  vice-president,  the 
chief  executive  being  Jay  Gould.  His  connection 
with  the  Missouri  Pacific  system  continued  until 
1885,  when  he  resigned  and  engaged  in  the  cotton 
compress  business  at  Austin.  He  later  built  the 
San  Antonio,  Yoakum,  Schulenberg,  and  the  San 
Marcos  compresses,  of  all  of  which  he  was  presi- 
dent, and  he  was  president  until  his  retirement, 
of  the  Texas  Interior  Compress  Association.  Im- 
paired health  necessitated  his  withdrawal  from 
active  business  cares  in  1910.  He  was  a  32d 
degree  Mason.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  Democratic  party.  During  his  later  years  he 
read  constantly,  and  was  well  posted  on  current 
events  and  questions  of  the  day.  He  was  active 
until  his  death,  and  took  keen  interest  in  the  wel- 
fare of  his  family,  his  friends  and  his  country. 
As  a  man  he  was  full  of  the  noble  traits  which 
make  a  gentleman.  He  was  refined,  courteous, 
agreeable  and  faithful.  He  was  firm  in  adhering 
to  his  own  conceptions  of  right;  fearless  to  ex- 
press his  opinions;  positive  in  his  character  and 
alile  to  maintain  with  skill  and  ability  his  views 
on  all  important  questions.  Yet  his  enlightened 
and  charitable  mind  made  him  careful  to  respect 
the  views  of  others.  He  was  not  egotistical,  and 
was  careful  not  to  parade  his  own  virtues  and  ac- 
complishments before  the  public.  He  was  modest, 
yet  not  timid.  He  never  made  a  public  demon- 
stration of  his  friendship,  yet  few  were  as  con- 
stant and  sincere.  His  was  a  heart  full  of  bene- 
volence and  feeling.  He  was  honest  in  all  mat- 
ters, true  to  his  friends,  and  faithful  to  trusts  be- 
stowed upon  him.  He  was  married  at  Bastrop, 
Tex.,  Nov.  15,  1871,  to  Florence,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Washington  Chambers,  a  planter  of  Bas- 
trop, Tex. ;  she  survives  him,  with  two  children : 
Joseph  Epper,  a  ranchman,  and  Nina  Zell  Hooper, 
both  of  Austin.  He  died  at  Austin,  Tex.,  Feb.  22, 
1916 

AluLJ3N,  Samuel  Leeds,  inventor  and  manu- 
facturer and  philanthropist,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  May  5,  1841,  son  of  John  Casdorp  and 
Rebecca  Smith  (Leeds)  Allen.  His  first  American 
ancestor  was  Nathaniel  Allen,  a  Quaker,  who  came 
from  Bristol,  England,  in  1681,  and  settled  in 
Pennsylvania,  opposite  Beverly,  N.  J.  He  was 
William  Penn's  messenger  preceding  him  to  the 
colony  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed by  Penn  as  one  of  the  commissioners  to  lay» 
out  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  From  Nathaniel 
Allen  and  his  wife  Elinor  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  Nehemiah  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Bailsman;  their  eon  Nathaniel  and -bis  wife, 
Hannah  Webb;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife, 
Jane  Casdorp,  and  their  son,  Charles  Allen,  and 
his  wife,  Sarah  Breidenhart,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Samuel  L.  Allen.  Mr.  Allen's  father 
was  a  rare  combination  of  the  plain  Friend  and 
what  the  French  call  vivant.  His  sparkling  wit- 


demanded  in  his  hearers  a  well-developed  sense 
of  humor  for  sympathetic  appreciation.  Where 
it  played  upon  such,  he  was  the  most  delightful 
conversationalist  and  companion.  The  son  received 
his  education  at  Westtown  (Pa.)  Boarding  School 
and  at  Friends'  Select  School,  Philadelphia.  While 
engaged  in  farming  near  Moorestown,  N.  J., 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  making  a  seed  planter  by 
fastening  two  tin  wash  basins  together  with  a 
metal  band,  which  was  drilled  with  holes,  and  at-  - 
taching  the  device  to  a  handle  so  it  could  be  rolled 
over  the  ground.  It  worked  successfully  and 
proved  to  be  such  a  time-saver  that  neighboring 
farmers  asked  for  similar  seeders,  and  he  under- 
took to  manufacture  it  commercially  in  a  smaTl  way 
on  his  farm  in,  1868,  making  hand  seed  and  fer- 
tilizer drills,  to  which  was  added  the  manufacture 
of  hand  wheel  hoes  and  cultivators  in  1874.  His 
first  patent  on  a  planting  machine  was  issued  Nov. 
24,  1868;  it  was  re-issued  in  1*70,  and  in  that- 
year  he  obtained  a  patent  on  a  combined  seed 
planter  and  fertilizer.  \His  wash-basin  seeder 
suggested  in  appearance  the  planet  Saturn  with 
its  rings,  whence  arose  the  name  "Planet  Jr.," 
a  trade-mark  now  known  the  world  over.  When 
the  success  of  the  business  was  assured  a  small 
factory  was  opened  in  Philadelphia  in  1880.  In 
1881  he  organized  the  present  firm  of  S.  L.  Allen  & 
Co.  By  1888  the  growth  of  the  business  was  such 
that  larger  quarters  were  necessary,  and  a  modern 
factory  was  built  with  65,000  square  feet  of  floor 
space.  A  five-story  concrete  building  was  added 
in  1907,  giviug  70,000  additional  square  feet  of 
floor  space,  and  in  1913  a  third  building,  furnish- 
ing 65,000  square  feet  more.  The  company  manu- 
factures a  line  of  hand  seeders,  wheel  hoes, 
one  and  two  horse  cultivators,  potato  diggers  and 
celery  hillers,  under  the  trade-mark  ' '  Planet  Jr. ' ' 
and  ' '  Fire  Fly. ' '  These  are  made  from  the  raw 
material  by  the  latest  up-to-date  methods  and 
processes  to  give  them  the  greatest  strength  with 
minimum  weight,  and  adapted  for  the  work  in- 
tended. The  company  employs  375  hands,  and 
does  an  annual  business  of  $1,500,000,  selling  the 
"Planet  Jr."  tools  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  as  well  as  throughout  South  America  and 
Europe.  Mr.  Allen 's  other  inventions  comprise 
an  improved  animal  trap,  patented  in  1872;  an 
insecticide  duster;  a  steering  coaster  sled,  pat- 
ented in  1887  (universally  known  as  the  Flexible 
Flyer),  and  numerous  improvements  in  cultivators, 
potato  diggers,  harrows,  rakes,  horse  hoes,  pul- 
verizers and  seeders.  Mr.  Allen  was  ever  solicitous 
for  the  welfare  of  his  employees,  and  furnished 
meals  at  less  than  cost,  provided  a  trained  nurse 
and  attending  physician,  and  was  among  the  first 
to  introduce  a  liberal  policy  of  life  insurance  for 
his  workers.  He  was  a  liberal  contributor  to 
worthy  charities;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
managers  of  Haverford  College  and  the  Frankford 
Friends  Hospital,  and  first  president  of  the  West- 
town  Old  Scholars  Association.  He  took  a  life- 
long interest  in  outdoor  sports.  As  a  boy  he  was 
an  accomplished  figure  skater;  later  he  became  a 
.remarkable  wing  shot  and  an  expert  angler.  Sub- 
sequently he  took  up  bicycling,  his  enthusiasm  for 
which  led  to  his  securing  bicycle  paths  along  the 
principal  roads  near  his  home.  At  the  age  of 
sixty  he  took  up  golf.  He  not  only  became  one 
of  the  best  golf  players  of  his  years,  but  his  in 
ventive  mind  turned  to  improving  the  links.  Ht 
devoted  much  time  in  England  and  Scotland  tn 
studying  the  best  construction  of  courses.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Atlantic  City,  Riverton,  Pocono 
Manor  and  Ozone  golf  clubs.  His  dominating  per- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


223 


sonal  characteristics  were  his  untiring  persever- 
ance, his  capacity  for  concentration,  his  sunny  op- 
timism, his  love  of  justice,  his  kindliness,  and  his 
extreme  modesty.  Mr.  Allen  was  married  Nov.  22, 
1866,  to  Sarah  Hooten,  daughter  of  Elisha  and 
Elizabeth  W.  Roberts,  Quakers  of  Moorestown, 
N.  J.,  who  were  founders  and  proprietors  of  the 
original  Hotel  Chalfonte  of  Atlantic  City.  Mr. 
Allen  is  survived  by  his  widow  aud  four  children: 
Elizabeth  Roberts,  Susan  Janney,  Charles  Jackson, 
second  vice-president  of  the  Allen  Co.,  and  Emily 
Hooten,  who  married  William  Henry  Elfreth  of 
Philadelphia.  He  died  at  Miami,  Fla.,  Mar.  28, 
1918.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  2-1) 

HOLMAN,  Silena  Moore,  temperance  advo- 
cate, was  born  near  Mulberry,  Moore  co.,  Tenu., 
July  9,  1850,  daughter  of  James  Lewis  and  Sarah 
(Lewis)  Moore;  descendant  of  a  noted  colonial 
family,  and  on  the  distaff  side  of  the  Lewis  family 
of  Virginia,  to  which  belonged  Meriwether  Lewis 
(q.v.),  the  explorer,  and  Col.  Fielding  Lewis,  the 
soldier,  whose  wife  was  Betty  Washington,  sister 
of  George  Washington.  Capt.  James  Lewis  Moore, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  farmer,  was  a  gal- 
lant and  popular  Confederate  soldier,  giving  his 
life  to  the  southern  cause  in  the  battle  of  Jones- 
boro.  His  daughter,  then  a  child  of  fourteen,  and 
the  eldest  of  a  family  of  five  children,  then  took 
upon  her  shoulders  the  burden  of  educating  her 
younger  sisters  and  brother.  The  family  fortunes 
had  been  swept  away  by  the  war,  and,  because  the 
need  was  great,  she  left  school  and  began  at  that 
early  age  to  teach  the  children  of  the  neighborhood. 
Having  good  teaching  ability  she  soon  built  up 
a  reputation  throughout  her  own  and  adjoining 
counties,  and  from  year  to  year  her  private  school 
increased  in  size  and  importance.  By  her  un- 
aided efforts  she  accomplished  the  education  of 
her  family  and  cleared  the  homestead  of  debt. 
While  teaching,  she  studied  constantly,  and  though 
deprived  of  the  modern  advantages  of  normal 
schools  and  even  summer  institutes,  her  teaching 
methods  were  far  in  advance  of  other  teachers  of 
her  day  in  her  section.  Life  was  a  hard  struggle 
and  she  early  developed  the  qualities  of  efficient 
leadership  and  systematic  management  of  affairs 
which  were  ever  afterward  a  strong  factor  in  her 
life  work.  From  earliest  girlhood  she  was  an 
omnivorous  reader;  her  mind  was  thus  stored  with 
information,  and  she  became  one  of  the  best  in- 
formed of  women  on  public  questions,  national  ami 
international.  In  1877  she  joined  a  lodge  of  Good 
Templars.  Her  interest  in  temperance  work  was 
destined  to  become  the  motive  power  of  her  life, 
and  she  devoted  heart  and  soul,  tongue  aud  pen, 
to  the  cause.  In  1887  she  joined  the  Women's 
Christian  Temperance  Union  and  was  a  dominant 
factor  in  its  growth  and  success  from  that  time, 
serving  the  state  organization  as  superintendent 
of  various  departments  from  the  first  year  of  her 
work.  During  1897-99  she  was  state  correspond- 
ing secretary,  and  in  1899  was  elected  state  presi- 
dent, and  successively  re-elected  until  her  death. 
The  organization  had  fallen  to  a  low  ebb  in  Ten- 
nessee, with  not  more  than  a  dozen  working  unions 
and  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  paid-up  mem- 
bers. There  was  no  money  in  the  treasury.  With 
her  election  the  work  took  on  new  life,  and  in  less 
than  a  year  the  membership  was  doubled,  while 
at  her  death  Tennessee  had  one  of  the  largest 
memberships  of  any  of  the  southern  states.  She 
was  frequently  called  for  consultation  with  the 
national  executive  board.  Leaders  of  the  Anti- 
Saloon  League  also  recognized  her  splendid  ability 
and  visited  her  home  for  conferences.  Through 


her  instrumentality  representatives  of  the  Women's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  of  whom  she  was 
one,  were  allowed  to  speak  before  congress  in  be- 
half of  nation-wide  prohibition.  She  was  a  power 
for  law-enforcement  and  was  the  originator  of 
many  bills  along  this  line.  In  1907  she  began  the 
campaign  for  clearing  Tennessee  of  the  liquor 
traffic,  and  gave  three  years  of  solid  work  to  a 
cause  whose  success  has  justified  the  great  amount 
of  labor  she  put  into  it.  Almost  no  Tennessee  law 
leaning  to  temperance  and  law-enforcement  was 
passed  without  her  thought  or  work.  Her  appeal 
to  the  governor  kept  the  dispensary  out  of  Colum- 
bia. The  club-locker  bill  passage  was  due  in  great 
measure  to  her  influence,  as  was  also  that  of  the 
nuisance  bill  of  1913.  She  personally  won  much 
of  the  support  for  the  Hobson  resolution.  She  al- 
lied herself  with  the  suffrage  forces  of  the  state, 
was  chaplain  of  her  chapter,  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  and  a  member  also  of  the 
United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy.  She  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Christian  church.  A  Tennes- 
see senator  introduced  her  as  Tennessee's  "lead- 
ing statesman. ' '  Never  discouraged  by  failure 
she  was  ever  optimistic,  bright  and  cheerful,  never 
tiring  in  her  efforts.  She  was  married  at  Mul- 
berry, Tenn.,  1S74,  to  Dr.  Thomas  P.  Holman,  a 
physician.  They  took  up  their  residence  at  Fay- 
etteville,  Tenn.  He  survives  her,  with  eight  chil- 
dren: Burke;  Moore;  Fanny  Lynne,  who  married 
Earl  Marsh,  Fayetteville;  Leon,  Los  Angeles 
Cal. ;  Wayne,  Paris,  Tenn. ;  and  Thomas,  Prince- 
ton, Ky.,  and  Neal  Holnian,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  She 
died  at  Fayetteville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  18,  1915.  (Por- 
trait opposite  page  224.) 

SEMPLE,  Henry  Churchill,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Williamsburg,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1822,  son  of  James 
and  Joanna  (McKenzie)  Semple,  and  a  grandson 
of  Rev.  James  Semple  who  came  to  this  country 
from  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  in  1763,  and  settled  in 
New  Kent  county,  Va.,  where  he  served  as  pastor 
of  St.  Peter's  church  and  as  an  official  of  colonial 
Virginia,  and  whose  wife  was  Rebecca  Allen. 
Henry  C.  Semple  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Pryor's  private  school,  and  was  graduated  at 
William  and  Mary  College.  He  then  entered 
the  Harvard  Law  School,  where  he  was  duly 
graduated,  after  which  he  settled  in  practice  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.  Rising  rapidly  in  his  profes- 
sion, he  became  a  member  of  the  famous  Ala- 
bama firm  of  Rice,  Goldthwaite  &  Semple,  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ablest  in  the  South.  At 
the  opening  of  the  civil  war,  he  joined  the  Con- 
federate army  as  an  aid  on  Gen.  Bragg  's  staff  and 
wag  with  him  until  March,  1862,  after  which  he 
became  captain  of  ' '  Semple  's ' '  battery,  as  famous 
in  the  Western  army  as  Pelham's  in  the  army  of 
Virginia,  and  remained  in  command  till  Hill  was 
superseded  by  Breckenridge ;  was  with  him  at  Mis- 
sionary Ridge  and  with  Cleburne  at  the  repulse 
of  the  pursuing  army  at  bloody  Ringold  Gap.  In 
1864  he  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  major  and  trans- 
ferred to  Mobile  to  assist  in  Gulf  defense.  He 
surrendered  with  Gen.  Taylor's  army  May  12, 
1865,  his  promotion  to  colonel  being  filed  in  the 
war  department  of  the  Confederacy  at  the  time 
of  the  surrender.  Maj.  Semple  was  never  seriously 
wounded,  but  the  drum  of  one  of  his  ears  was 
destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  a  shell  near  his  own 
guns.  At  the  cessation  of  hostilities  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  with  increasing  repu- 
tation as  a  lawyer  of  ability,  and  in  due  course 
became  a  member  of  another  celebrated  law  firm, 
Bricknell,  Semple  <Si  Gunter.  Maj.  Semple  was 
more  noted  as  a  great  pleader  and  conveyancer 


224 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


than  as  an  advocate,  and  consequently  was  dis- 
tinguished as  a  counsellor  and  office  lawyer,  being 
a  source  of  much  power  to  his  firm,  and  so  con- 
tinued until  his  death.  He  was  greatly  interested 
in  the  growth  of  his  profession,  and  was  active 
in  the  Alabama  Bar  Association,  of  which  he  was 
at  one  time  the  president,  and  also  in  the  American 
Bar  Association.  At  one  time  he  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Democratic  committee  from  Ala- 
bama. His  favorite  diversions  were  farming,  hunt- 
ing and  fishing,  and  he  was  a  charter  member  of 
the  Montgomery  Shooting  Club  and  of  the  Beau- 
voir  Club.  Maj.  Semple  was  a  Virginia  gentleman 
of  the  old  school,  and  was  characterized  by  great 
generosity.  He  was  married  Nov.  22,  1848,  to 
Emily  Virginia,  daughter  of  Lorenzo  James,  a 
southern  planter,  and  had  twelve  children,  of  whom 
five  survive,  namely:  Henry  Churchill,  chaplain 
of  Fordham  University  and  moderator  of  the  theo- 
logical conferences  of  the  arch-diocese  of  New 
York;  Mary  C.,  mother  superior  of  Visitation 
Order,  Mexico  City,  Mex. ;  Lorenzo  Elliott,  lawyer, 
member  of  the  firm  of  Coudert  Bros.,  New  York 
city;  Irene;  and  Emily  Janies  Semple.  He  died 
in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  13,  1894. 

EMOBY,     William    Hemsley,    naval    officer, 
was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Dec.  17th,  1846,  son 
of  William  H.  and  Matilda   (Bache)    Emory,  and 
a  descendant  of  Col.  Thoicas  Emory,  who  came  to 
this  country  from  England  and  settled  at  Poplar 
Grove,  Queen  Anne's  co.,  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
Maryland,   in    colonial   days.     His   mother  was   a 
great-granddaughter  of  Benjamin  Franklin.     His 
father,   Brig.-Gen.    William   H.   Emory,   U.   S.   A. 
(q.v.),  was  a  graduate  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Aca- 
demy at  West  Point,  served  through  the  Mexican 
war,  commanded  the  19th  army  corps  during  the 
civil  war,  and  was  with  Gen.  Sheridan  during  the 
Shenandoah   campaign,   doing   distinguished   work 
at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek.     His  grandson,  Will- 
iam Hemsley  Emory,  the  fourth  of  his  name,  now 
(1917)   has  a  commission  as  second-lieutenant  in 
the  U.  S.  army.     When  William   H.  Emory,  our 
subject,  was  sixteen  years  old,  Pres.  Lincoln  ap- 
pointed him  a  midshipman  in  the  U.  S.  naval  aca- 
demy at  Annapolis.     Like  most  other  midshipmen 
of  civil  war  days,  he  was  sent  to  sea  in  the  midst 
of  his  course  at  the  academy  to  fill  the  emergency 
demand  for  officers,  and  served  as  a  junior  watch 
officer  on  the  "Macedonian"  on  southern  blockade 
duty,  during  which  she  chased  and  destroyed  the 
Confederate  cruiser  ' '  Tacony. ' '     Returning  to  the 
academy,  he  was  graduated  in  1866  and  was  sent 
to  sea  on  the  ' '  Savannah, ' '  the  ' '  Iroquois  ' '  and 
the    "Maumee"    on    the    Asiatic    station    during 
1867-69.     IB  April,  1868,  he  was  promoted  to  en- 
sign, and  on  Mar.  26,  1869,  was  made  master,  a 
now   obsolete  rank  in   the  service.     On   Mar.   21, 
1870,  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant,  and  in  1871 
was  attached  to  the  Naval  Observatory.     In  1872 
he  was  attached  to   the  "Constellation,"  then   a 
gunnery  ship,  and  in  1873  and  1874  to  the  flag- 
ship "Hartford,"  Asiatic  station,  and  in  1875  and 
1876  to  the  flagship   "Franklin,"  European  sta- 
tion.    Then,  after  spending  two  years  at  the  naval 
academy  as  one  of  the  staff,  he  joined  the  flagship 
"Trenton,"    European    station,    upon    which    he 
served  until  1881  as  one  of  the  staff  of  Admirals 
Worden  and  Howell.    This  was  followed  by  special 
duty  at  Washington  and  command  of  the  ' '  Palos ' ' 
on  the  Asiatic  station  and  as  aid  to  Admiral  Porter. 
In  1884  he  was  selected  to  command  the  "Bear" 
on  the  Greeley  relief  expedition,  a  position  he  filled 
with  great  credit,  displaying  masterly  seamanship 
and  contempt  for  hardships  throughout  the  entire 


expedition.  He  commanded  the  presidential  dis- 
patch steamer  "Dispatch"  in  1885  and  1886, 
after  which  he  commanded  the  "Thetis"  until 
1SS9,  on  special  service  in  the  North  Pacific. 
Taking  the  "Thetis"  through  the  Straits  of 
Magellan  and  up  to  Point  Barrow,  the  most  north- 
ern point  in  the  Arctic  regions  on  the  Alaskan 
side,  he  saved  the  lives  of  many  sealers,  raised  the 
bark  |'Jane  Gray"  and  took  her  down  to  San 
Francisco,  discovered  and  captured  the  murderei 
of  Archbishop  Seghers  and  delivered  him  at  San 
Quentin  prison,  and  on  the  same  trip  brought  to 
Victoria  the  remains  of  the  murdered  ecclesiastic. 
C'apt.  Emory  commanded  the  gunboat  "Petrel" 
on  the  Asiatic  station  during  the  Chino-Japanese 
war,  witnessing  the  siege  and  bombardment  of 
Port  Arthur.  During  the  winter  passed  at  New 
Chwaug,  Manchuria,  the  "Petrel"  was  the  sole 
protector  of  the  Catholic  Sisters  and  orphans,  from 
the  Chinese  mobs,  as  recorded  in  "Les  Missions 
Catholiques, "  the  official  organ  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  During  our  war  with  Spain  he  was  in 
command  of  the  auxiliary  cruiser  "Yosemite"  on 
blockade  duty  off  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  at  which 
time  the  "Yosemite"  sank  the  Spanish  blockade 
runner  ' '  Antonio  Lopez, ' '  after  a  running  fight 
with  five  Spanish  vessels.  Admiral  Emory  was 
commissioned  rear-admiral  Nov.  2,  1906.  During 
the  first  part  of  the  cruise  of  the  Atlantic  fleet 
around  the  world  he  commanded  the  second  di- 
vision, his  flagship  being  the  "Louisiana."  He 
hauled  down  his  flag  at  Hongkong,  China,  Nov.  6, 
1908,  and  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  on  the 
seventeenth  of  the  following  month,  after  forty- 
six  years  of  honorable  service.  At  one  time  he 
was  naval  attache  at  the  court  of  St.  James.  His 
clubs  were::  Metropolitan  and  Chevy  Chase,  of 
Washington;  and  Aztec,  Union  and  New  York 
Yacht,  of  New  YTork;  he  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Loyal  Legion.  He  was  married,  1876,  to 
Blanche,  daughter  of  Richard  Storrs  Willis,  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  the  children  of  this  union  were:  Will- 
iam Hemsley  third,  deceased;  Blanche  Willis,  who 
married  Esmond  Obey  of  the  British  diplomatic 
service;  Jeanette  Hemsley,  deceased;  Mathilda 
Bache,  who  married  Horatio  L.  Whitridge,  of  Bal- 
timore, Md. ;  William  Hemsley  fourth,  second  lieu- 
tenant U.  S.  A.;  and  Willis,  deceased.  Rear- 
Adm.  Emory  died  in  Newport,  R.  I..  July  16, 
1917. 

WOLFE,  Albertus  Cassius,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  near  Trimble,  Athens  co.,  0., 
Oct.  20,  1858,  son  of  John  and  Kezia  (McDonald) 
Wolfe.  His  earliest  known  paternal  American  an- 
cestor was  George  W.  Wolfe,  who  in  1797  removed 
from  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.,  to  Ohio;  he 
served  as  a  soldier  iu  the  war  of  1812,  in  which 
he  was  wounded,  his  injuries  crippling  him  for 
life.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  son  George  P.  Wolfe  and  his  wife 
Eliza  Wilkins,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Al- 
bertus C.  Wolfe.  John  Wolfe,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject and  a  farmer  of  Bishopville,  O.,  served  in 
the  civil  war  as  ordeily  sergeant  of  Co.  K,  63rd 
regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and  died  while 
in  the  service,  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  St.  Louis. 
Albertus  C.  Wolfe  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  at  Bishopville  and  at 
Ohio  University,  Athens.  He  was  graduated  at 
Columbus  (O.)" Medical  College  in  1S83,  with  the 
degree  M.D.,  and  in  that  year  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Jacksonville,  Athens  co.,  O., 
where  he  remained  eight  years.  He  then  pursued 
a  post-graduate  course  in  New  York  city,  and, 
returning  to  his  native  state,  opened  offices  in 


SILENA  M.  HOLMAN 

I  I.MI'ERAXCE  REFORMER 


HENRY  C.  SEMPLE 

LAWYER 


WILLIAM  H.  EMORY 
NAVAL  OFFICER 


ALBERTUS  C.  WOLFE 

PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


225 


Columbus,  where  he  engaged  IB  general  practice  a 
number  of  years,  later  specializing  in  diseases  of 
the  ear,  nose  and  throat.  He  was  professor  of  dis- 
eases of  the  nose  and  throat  in  the  Ohio  Medical 
University  during  1802-97,  and  professor  of  thera- 
peutics in  the  same  institution  until  1907,  in  which 
latter  year  he  was  elected  to  the  same  chair  in  the 
Starling-Ohio  Medical  College,  resigning  in  1910 
to  give  all  of  his  attention  to  private  practice. 
He  was  also  in  former  years  rhinologist  and  laryn- 
gologist  to  the  Protestant  Hospital,  and  subse- 
quently to  Grant  Hospital.  H.e  is  a  member  of 
the  American  College  of  Surgeons  and  American 
Academy  of  Ophthalmology  and  Oto-Laryngology, 
American  Medical  Association,  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society,  Columbus  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  being  a  Scottish  Rite  degree  and 
Shrine  member.  He  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Third  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  His 
political  affiliation  is  witli  the  Republican  party. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  hunting  and  fish- 
ing. He  was  married  Nov.  2,  1883,  to  Frances  P., 
daughter  of  George  Main,  a  railway  officer  of 
Columbus,  O. 

MYERS,  James  Jefferson,  lawyer,  capitalist 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Frewsburg,  Chan- 
tauqua  co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  "20,  1842,  son  of  Robert 
and  Sabra  (Stevens)  Myers.  He  came  of  old 
Mohawk  Dutch  ancestry  through  two  paternal  lines, 
including  the  Van  Yalkenburgs,  and  on  the  ma- 
ternal side,  of  Puritan  stock  through  the  Stevens 
and  Tracy  lines.  His  grandparents  on  both  sides 
were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  in  western  New 
York,  and  until  his  death  he  owned  the  farm  which 
his  paternal  grandfather  bought  of  the  Holland 
Land  Co.  early  in  the  19th  century.  His  great- 
grandfather, Elias  Tracy,  entered  the  army  at 
fourteen  and  served  during  nearly  the  entire  war 
of  the  revolution.  Robert  Myers,  his  father,  was 
a  lumberman  and  farmer.  James  Jefferson  Myers 
received  his  education  at  Fredonia  and  Randolph 
Academies,  and  at  Harvard  College,  at  which  in- 
stitution he  was  graduated,  in  1869,  with  the 
degree  A.B.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Law 
School,  in  1872,  with  the  degree  LL.B.,  having 
spent  a  year  abroad  and  having  taught  mathe- 
matics in  the  college  one  year,  while  a  law  student. 
He  took  the  Boylston  prize  for  elocution  two  suc- 
cessive years.  Later,  he  took  first  prize  for  an  essay 
in  the  law  school,  and  was  class  valedictorian.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Suffolk  county  (Mass.), 
in  1872,  but  before  he  began  to  practice  there  he 
served  an  apprenticeship  of  one  year  as  clerk  in  a 
New  York  law  office.  He  then  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  a  classmate,  Joseph  Banks  Warner,  and 
began  practice  in  Boston  under  the  firm  style  of 
Myers  &  Warner,  and  continued  to  practice  inter- 
mittently until  his  death.  He  soon  took  rank  easily 
among  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Boston,  and  the 
attention  of  Donald  McKay  (q.v.)  was  drawn  to 
his  character  and  ability,  and  the  young  practi- 
tioner was  his  trusted  adviser  in  many  complex 
cases  of  patent  rights,  becoming  at  Mr.  McKay's 
death  a  trustee  of  his  estate  and  the  principal 
agent  of  his  great  benefactions.  He  was  an  execu- 
tor of  the  McKay  will  and  a  trustee  of  the  McKay 
fund  for  Harvard  University.  These  large  re- 
sponsibilities, together  with  an  increasing  interest 
in  politics,  led  him  to  withdraw  from  active  prac- 
tice, and  he  gave  himself  to  the  task  of  adminis- 
tering McKay  's  affairs.  He  was  a  Republican  of 
large  influence,  and  was  for  years  a  prominent 
figure  in  Massachusetts  politics.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  to  represent  his  Cambridge  district  (1st 
Middlesex)  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature,  and 


he  was  rs-elected  each  succeeding  year  until  1904. 
In  1893  he  served  on  the  committees  on  rules,  on 
elections,  and  on  probate  and  insolvency.  He  soon 
took  rank  as  a  leader  in  committee  room,  and  on 
the  floor,  and  participated  in  some  of  the  most 
notable  debates  of  the  session.  He  was  the  chief 
champion  of  the  bill  creating  a  commission  to  in- 
quire into  the  Norwegian  liquor  system,  and  was 
one  of  the  most  effective  supporters  of  the  Metro- 
politan parks  bill,  spoke  in  favor  of  the  measure  to 
protect  the  interests  of  the  commonwealth  in  the 
Fitchburg  railroad  case,  snd  for  the  bill  to  abolish 
double  taxation,  and  was  one  of  the  active  mem- 
bers in  the  Bay  State  gas  investigation,  one  of  the 
most  important  acts  of  that  legislature.  He  also 
assisted  in  securing  the  appointment  of  a  special 
committee  on  revision  of  the  corporation  laws,  to 
bit  during  the  recess,  and  as  a  member  of  this  com- 
mittee took  a  leading  part  in  its  work  and  in  the 
preparation  of  its  report.  In  1894  he  was  house 
chairman  of  the  special  committee  on  the  revision 
of  corporation  laws,  and  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittees on  judiciary  and  rules,  and  was  especially 
active  in  procuring  legislation  to  prevent  the  water- 
ing of  stocks  of  quasi-public  corporations.  He 
also  had  a  hand  in  drafting  a  municipal  conduit 
bill.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  house  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  judiciary,  and  remained  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  rules.  Again  in  1896 
he  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee,  also 
of  the  rules  committee,  and  he  held  these  places 
of  leadership  during  the  ensuing  three  years.  In 
1900  he  was  elected  speaker  by  an  almost  unani- 
mous vote,  and  was  re-elected  in  1901-02-03.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  rules  and  house 
chairman  in  1901  of  the  joint  special  committee  on 
the  revision  of  the  public  statutes.  He  guided  the 
affairs  of  the  body  with  consummate  skill  and 
tact,  and  led  in  the  enactment  of  much  important 
legislation.  His  record  shows  no  absence  from 
his  seat  in  any  session  during  the  eleven  years 
he  served.  His  name  was  several  times  mentioned 
as  candidate  for  mayor  and  for  congress,  anil,  in 
1902,  for  lieutenant-governor.  On  retiring  from 
political  activity,  in  1903,  he  turned  to  the  vast 
operations  undertaken  by  the  McKay  trustees.  He 
was  a  founder  and  president  of  the  Colonial  Club, 
Cambridge;  (president  1892)  Cambridge  Library 
Hall  Association;  incorporator  and  trustee  of  Pros- 
pect Union;  member  executive  committee  Cam- 
bridge Civil  Service  Reform  Association;  treasurer 
Cambridge  branch  Indian  Rights  Association, 
treasurer  citizen  's  committee  for  raising  funds  for 
the  public  library,  and  member  also  Citizen's 
Trade  Association,  Massachusetts  Civil  Service 
Association,  Massachusetts  Forestry  Society,  Massa- 
chusetts Reform  Club,  Massachusetts  Bar  Associa- 
tion, American  Bar  Association,  Middlesex  Bar 
Association,  National  Geographic  Society,  Hooker 
Memorial  Association  Union  University,  Massa- 
chusetts Republican  Club,  Middlesex  Club,  Econ- 
omic Club,  and  of  the  St.  Botolph,  Merchants ' 
Twentieth  Century,  Massachusetts,  and  Oakley 
Country  Clubs,  Boston ;  Cambridge  Club,  Cam- 
bridge, and  the  University,  Harvard,  and  Zeta  Psi 
Clubs,  New  York  city.  He  was  president  of  the 
Conrey  Placer  Mining  Co.,  Poor  Farm  Placer  Min- 
ing Co.,  and  the  Shaler  Water  Power  Co.,;  vice- 
president  and  director  Cambridge  Trust  Co.,  and 
director  Walworth  Manufacturing  Co.  In  his  will 
he  left  Harvard  a  gift  of  $100,000,  and  the  will 
further  bequeathed  substantial  sums  to  Cambridge 
Hospital,  Cambridge  Home  for  Aged  People,  Avon 
Home  for  Children,  Social  Union  of  Cambridge, 
and  the  Prospect  Union  of  Cambridge.  He  never 


226 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


married.     He  died  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Apr.   13, 
1915. 

LEWMAN,  Harry  Lucesco,  contractor,  builder 
and  manufacturer,  was  born  at  Greencastle,  Ind., 
July  15,  I860,  sou  of  Moses  T.  and  Naomi  Lovanna 
(Conover)  Lewman,  and  of  Scotch  and  Dutch  an- 
cestry. His  father,  a  native  of  Charleston,  lud., 
was  a  building  contractor;  served  as  captain  of 
cavalry  (llth  regiment  Illinois  volunteers)  under 
Col.  Eobert  G.  Ingersoll  (q.v.)  in  the  civil  war, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Pittsburg 
Landing,  etc.,  and  after  the  war  was  a  prominent 
Democratic  politician  in  Indiana.  Harry  L.  Lew- 
man  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
grammar  and  high  schools  of  Greencastle,  subse- 
quently becoming  a  student  at  DePauw  Univer- 
sity. He  began  his  business  career  while  still  a 
boy,  with  his  father.  The  firm  of  M.  T.  Lewmau 
&  Co.  was  then  engaged  in  building  and  railroad 
construction  all  over  the  United  States,  and  the 
sou  learned  the  business  from  the  ground  up, 
starting  as  a  bricklayer.  While  the  firm  was  en- 
gaged in  the  construction  of  the  DeSoto  Hotel, 
Savannah,  in  1889,  the  elder  Lewman  died  sud- 
denly, but  the  business  was  continued  under  the 
old  firm  name  by  Harry  Lucesco  Lewmau  and  his 
brothers,  with  headquarters  in  Louisville,  Ky.  The 
company  handled  large  contracts,  among  its  great- 
est undertakings  being  the  erection  of  the  govern- 
ment dam  in  the  Warrior  river,  Alabama,  the  con- 
tract amounting  to  several  million  dollars.  The 
firm  made  a  specialty  of  court  houses,  and  built 
more  such  in  the  South  than  any  other  contracting 
corporation  in  the  country.  These  contracts  wid- 
ened his  acquaintance  in  the  South  to  ail  almost 
unprecedented  degree.  Upon  the  dissolution  of 
M.  T.  Lewman  &  Co.,  he  formed  the  Palls  City 
Construction  Co.,  Louisville,  which  carried  out  sim- 
ilar contracts  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  1913 
he  left  the  construction  field  and  formed  the  Ten 
Uroeck  Tyre  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president  until 
his  death.  This  company,  with  plant  in.  Louisville, 
is  the  largest  organization  manufacturing  auto- 
mobile tires  in  the  South  and  is  capitalized  at 
$500,000.  The  firm  manufactures  automobile  tires 
and  inner  tubes  and  composition  shoe  soles.  In 
1917  a  complete  textile  plant  for  the  manufacture 
of  tire  fabric  was  installed.  In  this  plant  the  cord 
fabric  for  cord  tires  is  manufactured  from  raw 
cotton.  The  floor  area  of  the  whole  manufacturing 
plant  is  45,000  square  feet.  One  hundred  opera- 
tives are  employed,  the  capacity  of  the  plant  being 
three  hundred  tires  in  twenty-four  hours.  Al- 
though impeded  by  labor  shortage  and  restrictions 
on  rubber  imports  the  firm's  gross  business  in  1917 
amounted  to  $600,000.  From  time  to  time  he  be- 
came identified  with  various  other  commercial, 
financial  or  industrial  undertakings.  In  1911  he 
organized  the  Lewman-Cox  Realty  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  president.  This  corporation  built  and 
owned  the  Realty  Building,  one  of  the  largest  of- 
fice buildings  in  Louisville.  He  built  and  owned 
the  Parkview  apartments,  at  the  entrance  to 
Cherokee  Park.  In  1914  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  National  Association  of  Builders'  Ex- 
changes; was  re-elected  in  1915,  declining  a  third 
election  in  1916.  At  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposi- 
tion, San  Francisco,  1915,  he  delivered  an  address 
before  the  builders  of  the  country.  He  made  his 
advent  into  the  transactions  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation as  delegate  to  the  Washington  convention 
of  1912,  being  then  president  of  the  Builders'  Ex- 
change of  Louisville.  He  inspired  the  organization 
to  effect  legislation  that  would  be  beneficial  to 
the  trade  of  the  entire  country  and  introduced  the 


proposition  for  standardizing  documents  relieving 
work  of  architects  and  builders  of  many  inconsist- 
encies. Thus  was  promulgated  the  document, 
which  through  joint  convention  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects  and  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Builders'  Exchanges,  supplanted  the  old 
uniform  contract  that  had  been  in  use  since  1892. 
In  this  work  he  was  the  pioneer  and  received  the 
support  of  leading  contractors  and  subcontractors 
of  the  entire  country.  For  his  address  at  San 
Francisco,  which  was  widely  circulated  and  brought 
him  commendation  of  the  highest  authorities  among 
architects  and  engineers,  the  officials  of  the  Ex- 
position honored  him  with  presentation  of  a  special 
bronze  medallion  dedicated  to  the  National  Asso- 
ciation. He  was  a  Knight  Templar  and  Shriner, 
and  a  member  also  of  the  Engineers  &  Architects, 
Louisville  Country,  Louisville  Athletic,  and  Louis- 
ville Jockey  clubs.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  autumobiling  and  was  a  great  devotee  of  motor 
ear  racing.  He  was  a  man  of  great  executive 
ability,  with  a  faculty  for  organization.  He  had 
great  facility  for  making  friends,  and  was  pos- 
sessed of  much  personal  charm.  Built  in  an  heroic 
mould  he  was  a  man  of  splendid  physiqu3  and 
of  the  most  robust  type.  He  possessed  to  an 
unusual  degree  the  first  badge  of  true  greatness: 
simplicity  of  manner.  He  was  married  at  Cuper- 
tino, Cal.,  June  6,  1892,  to  Lelia  Florence,  daugh- 
ter of  Perry  C.  Curtis,  a  rancher  of  Santa  Clara 
Valley,  Cal. ;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child : 
Lelia  May  Lewmau.  He  died  in  Louisville,  Ky., 
July  16,  1917. 

BLANKENBUKG,  Rudolph,  merchant  and 
political  reformer,  was  born  at  Barntrup,  Lippe, 
Detmold,  Germany,  Feb.  16,  1843,  son  of  Louis 
and  Sophie  (Goede)  Blankenburg.  He  was  raised 
at  Hillentrup,  where  his  father  was  a  minister  of 
the  German  Reformed  church.  The  son  received 
his  education  under  the  preceptorship  of  private 
tutors  and  at  the  Real  Gymnasium.  He  early  be- 
came proficient  in  French  and  English,  as  well 
as  German,  it  being  the  ambition  of  his  parents 
that  he  prepare  for  the  ministry.  However,  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with  an  uncle  at 
Lipstadt.  In  1865  he  followed  his  tutor  to  Am- 
erica, settled  in  Philadelphia,  and  obtained  a  situ- 
ation with  a  manufacturer  and  importer  of  yarns 
and  notions,  and  within  a  year  was  made  traveling 
salesman.  Five  years  later  he  became  European 
buyer  for  his  house,  and  in  that  capacity  traveled 
throughout  much  of  the  world.  In  1X75  he  began 
business  on  his  own  account  under  the  firm  name 
of  R.  Blankenburg  &  Co.  In  this  venture  he  met 
with  unique  success  and  much  prosperity,  and  in 
1909,  after  incorporating  under  the  same  title,  he 
retired  from  active  management,  retaining  a  di- 
rectorship. His  business  qualifications  were  of 
the  highest  type.  He  had  become  a  naturalized 
citizen  in  1870  and  soon  appeared  active  in  public 
affairs  as  a  friend  of  the  people  and  the  implac- 
able foe  of  the  organization,  which  as  early  as  the 
Centennial  had  its  grip  firmly  established  on  the 
city  of  his  adoption.  Throngs'  of  people  were  visit- 
ing the  Centennial  on  complimentary  tickets  on 
Sundays,  while  the  public  was  denied  admittance. 
The  injustice  of  this,  especially  for  the  working 
classes,  caused  him  to  make  the  effort  to  have  the 
grounds  thrown  open  to  all  on  Sundays,  and  he 
succeeded.  After  this  organized  charity  claimed 
his  attention  and  he  helped  to  start  the  work  in 
every  ward  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  the  associate 
of  the  well-known  reformers  who  first  lifted  the 
banner  of  revolt,  and  side  by  side  with  them  met 
constant  defeat  for  many  years.  In  1905  he  was 


OF     AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY.                                                       227 

the  successful  candidate  for  county  commissioner,  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Union 
being  carried  into  the  office  by  a  majority  of  50,-  League,  New  Century,  Five  o  'Clock,  Contemporary, 
COO.  He  served  three  years,  and  proved  the  un-  and  City  clubs,  Philadelphia.  He  received  the 
selfishness  of  his  motives  by  donating  his  entire  degree  LL.D.  from  Lafayette  College  in  1914; 
salary  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  to  the  police,  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1915,  and  from  Ursiuus 
firemen's  and  teachers'  pension  funds.  In  1911  College  in  1916.  L'pon  bestowing  this  degree  the 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  served  four  president  of  Dartmouth  said:  "Rudolph  Blank- 
years,  accomplished  many  reforms  and  inaugurated  enburg,  notable  lover  of  men  and  children,  sweet- 
a  new  era  of  government.  Ever  a  Republican  in  euer  of  the  sour  places  in  public  life  with  genial 
national  affairs,  his  political  battles  were  fought  sympathy  and  humor;  stalwart,  loyal,  self  sa><- 
mostly  within  his  own  party  against  the  leaders  rificing  citizen;  ardent  patriot;  an  honor  to  the 
of  that  party,  and  for  the  right  of  the  people  to  land  of  your  adoption;  outstanding  in  these  trying 
rule.  He  stood  in  the  open  and  fought  bribery,  days  as  a  high  example,  not  to  your  compatriots 
graft,  election  frauds  and  every  form  of  political  alone,  but  to  all  foreign  and  native  born  Ameri- 
dishonesty.  During  1880-1895  he  was  chairman  cans: — I  admit  you  to  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
of  the  election  frauds  committee  of  the  Committee  Laws,  etc. ' '  His  contributions  to  magazines  and 
of  One  Hundred,  the  parent  body  of  all  Philadel-  newspapers  have  been  legion.  His  "Forty  Years 
phia  reform  committees.  He  was"  actively  engaged  in  the  Wilderness,  or  Masters  and  Rulers  of  Penn- 
in  the  fight  against  Quay  in  1897-98,  and  supported  sylvauia,"  a  series  of  eight  articles  published  in 
John  Wanamaker  for  both  governor  and  U.  S.  "Arena,"  is  a  faithful  history  of  the  organiza- 
senator.  He  opposed  every  state  or  city  boss,  tion,  from  Cameron,  the  elder,  to  1905,  and  re- 
never  wavered  in  his  opposition  to  corrupt  "ring  veals  in  all  its  hideousness  the  fall  of  a  great  state 
rule,"  and  never  lost  hope  of  ultimate  success  in  into  the  hands  of  banded  spoilsmen,  narrating  the 
overcoming  the  "powers  that  prey."  If  the  cause  efforts  of  the  reformers  to  bring  about  its  redemp- 
needed  funds  for  legitimate  ea'mpaign  expenses  tion.  Because  of  his  good  work  better  conditions 
he  supplied  the  need,  and  he  was  ever  ready  as  prevail  in  Philadelphia,  a  spirit  of  civic  right- 
a  volunteer  worker  or  speaker.  For  more  than  eousness  has  been  awakened,  and  the  city  has 
forty  years  he  was  on  the  firing  line.  He  became  gained  immeasurably  in  civic  spirit  and  practical 
known  as  ' '  The  Old  War  Horse  of  Reform. ' '  His  improvement  through  his  unselfish  devotion  and  pa- 
first  act  as  mayor  was  to  stamp  out  the  vicious  triotism.  No  Philadelphian  of  his  time  put  the 
business  of  collecting  political  assessments  from  community  under  greater  obligation,  none  served 
the  police  and  firemen.  He  turned  the  old  civil  the  public  with  greater  zeal  or  disinterestedness, 
service  commission  out  of  office  and  thoroughly  re-  He  was  married  in  Philadelphia,  Pa,  Apr.  18,  1867, 
organized  the  department,  making  merit  the  only  to  Lucretia,  daughter  of  Thomas  Ellwood  Long- 
basis  of  appointments  in  the  municipal  service.  He  shore,  an  educator  of  Philadelphia.  Mrs.  Blank- 
instituted  financial  reforms  by  placing  city  funds  euburg,  one  of  the  leading  club  women  of  Phila- 
iu  banks  which  were  willing  to  pay  a  fair  rate  delphia,  is  past  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
of  interest.  He  inaugurated  the  high-speed  tran-  State  Suffrage  Association;  past  vice-president 
sit  development  and  the  greater  port  plans.  In  General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  and  mem- 
1878  he  collected,  as  chairman  of  the  committee,  ber  and  trustee  Working  Women's  Guild,  trustee 
more  funds  for  the  flood-stricken  people  of  Ger-  School  of  Industrial  Art,  and  the  <'ivio  and  New 
many  than  were  collected  in  Berlin.  In  1892  he  Century  clubs,  Philadelphia.  She  resides  at  Phila- 
went  to  Russia  with  a  shipload  of  flour  for  the  delphia,  Pa.  He  died  in  Germantown,  Philadel- 
starving  inhabitants  of  the  empire.  He  early  de-  phia,  Apr.  12,  1918. 

clared  war  on  those  who  made  a  business  of  organ-  JENKINS,  David  P.,  soldier,  lawyer  and  phil- 

ized  charity.    He  led  the  crusade  against  the  Phila-  anthropist,  was  born  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Jefferson  co., 

delphia    ""loan    sharks,"    gave    more    than    2,100  O.,   Aug.    25,    182.'!,   son   of   Israel   and   Elizabeth 

hearings,  and  recovered  thousands  of  dollars  from  (Horsman)  Jenkins.     His  father,  a  native  of  Vir- 

the  usurious  interests.    In  his  fight  to  defeat  Boies  ginia,  of  Welsh  descent,  was  a  farmer.     The  son 

Penrose  for  U.  S.  senator  he  organized  the  Busi-  was  educated   at   the  public   school,   Mt.   Pleasant 

ness  Men's  Good  Government  League,  of  which  he  (O.)    Academy,    and    the    Cincinnati    Law    School 

took  personal  charge  at  Harrisburg,  and  he  organ-  where  he  was  graduated  in  1844.    He  was  admitted 

ized  the  Business  Men  's  Republican  League,  which  to  the  Ohio  bar  and  entered  at  once  upon  the  prac- 

suggested  Wanamaker  as  the  gubernatorial  candi-  tice    of    his    profession    in    Cincinnati,    removing 

date,    in    127    cities   and   towns   of   Pennsylvania,  shortly  thereafter  to   Illinois.     He   organized   one 

Councils,  dominated  by  the  old  machine,  hampered  of   the   first  militia    companies   in    Illinois,   which 

him  at  the  start  of  his  administration  as  mayor,  served  to  quell  the  riots  in  the  early  steamboat 

many  of  his  recommendations  to  improve  the  taxa-  and  railroad  days  at  La  Salle.     Upon  the  outbreak 

tion   system   being  ignored,  but  he  was  able,   de-  of   the   civil  war   he   entered   the   Federal  service 

spite   the   organization   opposition,   to    accomplish  as  major  of  the  1st  111.  volunteer  cavalry.     When 

many  great  projects.     His  last  public  appearance  this  regiment  was   mustered  out,   he  took  charge 

was  in  connection  with  a  meeting  of  the  Friends  of  raising  the  14th  111.  cavalry  in  which  he  served 

of  German  Democracy  in  Germantown.     When  the  as   lieutenant-colonel   until   the   close   of  the   war, 

Germans  invaded  Belgium  he  denounced  the  crime,  participating   in   numerous   engagements,   and   was 

and   when   America   entered   the  war   he  was   one  taken  prisoner  at  the  siege  of  Lexington,  but  was 

of  the  first  to   call  for  unstinted  support   of  the  soon  exchanged.     After  the  war  he  practiced  suc- 

allied  governments  in  the  battle  against  Prussian  cessively    at    Knoxville,    Tenn.,    Logansport,    Ind., 

domination.     His  final  political  speech  was  before  Georgetown,  Colo.,  and  Seattle,  Wash.    He  was  ad- 

the  Town  Meeting  party,  organized  in  an  attempt  mitted  to  the  bar  of  the  U.  S.  supreme  court  in 

to  eradicate  the  stigma  of  "government  by  mur-  1867.      His    practice    was    chiefly    in    the    federal 

der"  from  the  name  of  Philadelphia.     He  again  courts,  and  he  conducted  some  important  cases  in 

sounded  his  old  battle  cry  of  reform  and  received  the  south  in  connection  with  the  civil  war  during 

an  ovation  such  as   has  been   rarely  witnessed  in  the  days  of  reconstruction.     In   1879  he  removed 

the   Academy   of   Music.      He   was   a   member   of  to  Spokane,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.   This 

American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  was  immediately  prior  to  the  influx  of  settlement, 


228 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


and  when  Colville  was  the  county  seat.  Within  five 
years  Spokane  was  a  growing  town,  and  the  power 
site  which  he  originality  held  was  sold  to  the  Wash- 
ington Water  Power  Co.  Meanwhile  he  had  practi- 
cally abandoned  his  profession  to  devote  his  atten- 
tion to  the  management  of  his  property.  He  was 
largely  interested  in  real  estate,  also  in  mining 
properties.  Railroads  rapidly  commenced  cutting 
through  his  holdings,  and  he  received  good  prices 
for  his  lands.  He  was  a  firm  believer  in  practical 
education,  and  in  1907,  having  conceived  the  idea 
of  a  trade  school,  he  gave  to  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  of  Spokane  an  endowment 
fund  of  $50,000  for  the  founding  of  a  school  known 
as  the  Jenkins  Institute  of  the  Young  Men 's  Chris- 
tian Association,  in  which  nearly  4,500  young  men 
have  been  trained.  He  also  gave  the  site  for  the 
high  school  at  Chewelah,  Stevens  Co.,  Wash.,  which 
was  named  in  his  honor,  and  at  his  death  left  an 
endowment  of  $10,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
domestic  science  and  manual  training  department, 
founded  by  him.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  charter  member  of 
his  Masonic  lodge.  Progressiveness,  patriotism  and 
benevolence  were  characteristic  of  Col.  Jenkins,  and 
he  possessed  a  strong  mental  grasp  of  business  con- 
ditions, his  dealings  being  marked  by  determina- 
tion and  keen  insight  into  details.  Thorough  and 
painstaking  in  all  things  he  guided  with  strong 
resourcefulness  the  various  enterprises  with  which 
he  identified  himself,  and  he  ordered  his  life  on  the 
highest  plane  of  integrity  and  honor.  He  was 
married  at  Granville,  111., 'Nov.  28,  1849,  to  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  George  A.  Lobdell,  a  farmer; 
she  died  in  1879.  There  is  one  surviving  child: 
Emma  Frances,  wife  of  William  H.  Rue,  of  Spo- 
kane. He  died  in  Spokane,  Wash.,  Mar.  30,  1915. 
SHAW,  William  Tuckerman,  soldier,  banker, 
was  born  at  Steuben,  Me.,  Sept.  22,  1822,  son  of 
William  Nickels  and  Nancy  Davis  (Stevens) 
Shaw.  Of  Scotch  descent,  his  earliest  known  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Thomas  Shaw,  who 
was  married  to  Sarah  Gyles  in  Boston,  in  1716. 
Their  son  Francis  was  prominent  in  Boston,  and 
with  his  son  Francis  and  others  received  from 
the  king  a  large  grant  of  land  in  what  is  now 
Washington,  co.,  Me.  This  grant  included  many 
islands,  many  of  which  remained  in  the  family 
for  nearly  two  centuries,  and  a  part  of  the  land 
is  still  owned  by  various  of  the  Shaws.  When 
the  British  took  possession  of  Boston  the  house 
of  the  elder  Francis  was  assigned  for  quarters 
to  Lieut.  Wragg  and  Major  Pitcairn.  Samuel 
Shaw  (q.  v.),  son  of  Francis,  trained  for  com- 
mercial pursuits,  won  distinguished  honors  through 
his  military  service,  and  later  as  diplomat  and 
statesman.  The  Shaw  family  founded  Goldsboro, 
Me.,  prior  to  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  in 
sustaining  settlers  during  the  war  much  of  the 
family  fortune  was-  spent.  The  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  Samuel's  brother  Francis,  to 
the  latter 's  son  Francis,  who  was  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject.  Robert  Gould  Shaw,  the 
millionaire  philanthropist,  was  an  uncle  of  the 
subject,  and  it  was  to  his  grandson,  Colonel 
Robert  G.  Shaw  (q.  v.),  of  civil  war  fame,  that 
the  beautiful  monument  by  St.  Gauden  's  was 
erected  on  Boston  Common.  Jonathan  Stephens 
(Stevens),  maternal  grandfather  of  the  subject, 
was  the  son  of  Jonathan  Stevens,  a  captain  of  the 
English  army.  Jonathan  the  second  joined  Ameri- 
can forces  in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  Tracy,  a  descendant  of  Lieut.  Thomas 
Tracy,  of  the  Anglo-Norman  family,  whose  an- 
cestors fought  at  Hastings.  William  Tuekerman 


Shaw  was  educated  at  Kent 's  Hill,  a  well  known 
Methodist  school.  At  an  early  age  he  went  to 
Indiana,  where  he  engaged  in  teaching  a  private 
school,  which  was  the  institution  that  proved  the 
nucleus  of  De  Pauw  University.'  He  afterwards 
went  to  Kentucky,  where  he  engaged  in  teaching, 
and  in  studying  law.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
he  enlisted  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  for  the  Mexican 
war.  At  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista  all  of  the  com- 
missioned officers  of  his  regiment  were  killed.  In 
1849,  after  the  Mexican  war,  a  company  of  thirty 
men  was  formed,  of  which  he  was  captain,  to  cross 
the  plains  to  California,  and  there  he  engaged 
in  mining  until  his  health  failed,  subsequently 
embarking  in  the  lumber  business.  In  1851  he 
returned  to  the  East,  and  the  next  year  returned 
to  California,  stopping  for  a  brief  period  in 
Iowa.  He  returned  to  that  state  in  1854,  and 
entered  land  in  Jones  county.  At  Anamosa  he 
built  the  Fisher  House,  now  the  Hotel  Gillen,  in 
1855-6,  the  first  public  building  erected  in  that 
vicinity.  In  1857  he  was  largely  instrumental  in 
building  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad  from 
Farley  to  Anamosa,  now  a  part  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  system.  Later,  1870-73,  he 
was  president  of  the  Midland  Railroad  Co.,  now 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and 
through  his  efforts  it  was  completed  to  Anamosa. 
Fort  Sumter  fell  while  he  was  visiting  in  Pitts- 
burgh, and  he  at  once  telegraphed  Gov.  Kirkwood, 
offering  his  services.  He  returned  and  organized 
the  Fourteenth  Regiment  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  later  become  commander  of  the  Second 
Brigade,  Third  Division,  Sixteenth  Army  Corps. 
He  led  his  troops  at  Fcrt  Donelson,  also  Shiloh, 
and  spent  six  months  in  campaigns  in  Alabama 
and  Georgia.  The  regiment  was  reorganized  in 
1S63,  and  Gen.  Curtis  assigned  him  to  a  commis- 
sion to  investigate  the  loyalty  of  certain  citizens 
of  St.  Louis,  with  a  result  that  a  number  were 
sent  South.  He  then  rejoined  his  regiment,  but 
was  later  detached  and  appointed  president  of  a 
court  martial  at  Columbia,  Ky.,  and  subsequently 
given  command  of  the  post.  In  1864  he  was  with 
his  regiment  in  the  Meridian  campaign ;  was  in 
command  of  the  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Fort 
de  Russey,  and  afterwards  joined  Gen.  Banks. 
His  brigade  took  an  active  part  in  the  battle 
of  Pleasant  Hill,  in  which  he  bore  the  brunt  of 
the  conflict,  and  lost  heavily.  Upon  a  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  Sixteenth  Corps,  he  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  Third  Division,  and  remained  in  that 
capacity  until  the  close  of  the  war,  his  final 
service  being  tlie  chase  of  Price 's  army  in  Mis- 
souri. Possibly  no  single  event  of  his  military 
record  compares  in  significance  to  the  "Hornet's 
Nest. ' '  Historians  now  agree  that  the  bravery 
and  strategy  displayed  by  him  at  this  time  saved 
Grant 's  army  from  demoralization,  and  ultimately 
won  for  the  Federals  one  of  the  main  objects.  In 
1908  he  was  the  only  surviving  colonel  of  the 
eleven  who  commanded  regiments  at  Shiloh.  He 
returned  to  Anamosa  after  the  war,  and  his 
name  was  connected  with  many  of  its  enterprises 
thereafter.  For  years  he  served  on  the  school 
board,  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  dur- 
ing 1875-6,  built  the  old  Congregational  and 
Methodist  churches,  the  Shaw  Block,  where  are 
located  the  county  offices  and  court  room,  various 
other  business  blocks,  school  houses  and  private 
residences.  For  over  thirty-five  years  he  was  a 
senior  member  of  the  Shaw  &  Schoonover  Bank, 
now  the  Anamosa  Bank,  and  had  more  to  do  with 
the  material  growth  and  development  of  the  town 
than  any  other  citizen  during  his  residence  of 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


229 


fifty-six  years.  Behind  his  rugged  and  sometimes 
imperious  manner  lay  a  kindness  of  heart  that  was 
proverbial.  He  was  noted  for  his  benefactions, 
He  was  a  stalwart  worker  in  the  prohibitory 
amendment  campaign  of  1882.  He  was  married 
(1)  May  4,  1854,  to  Helen  A.,  daughter  of  Ros- 
well  and  Pauline  (Newman)  Crane,  a  descendant 
of  Jasper  Crane,  founder  of  the  New  Haven  and 
the  New  Jersey  colonies;  she  died  in  1867.  He 
was  married  (2)  in  1869,  to  Ritta,  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Harmon.  She  died  in  1869,  He  was  mar- 
ried  (3)  in  1871,  to  Elizabeth  (Crane)  Higby, 
widow  of  George  Higby,  and  daughter  of  Lewis 
Crane,  of  Michigan;  she  died  in  1902.  There  is 
one  surviving  child  by  the  first  union,  Helen  Louise 
of  Anamosa.  He  died  at  Anamosa,  la.,  Apr.  29, 
1909. 

FITTS,  James  Harris,  lawyer,  banker  and 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Jackson,  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
Oct.  12,  1830,  son  of  James  Harris  and  Rebecca 
Emily  (Alston)  Fitts.  The  Fitts  families  of  Vir- 
ginia"  and  North  Carolina  are  descended  from 
John  Fitts,  of  Fitzford,  in  the  county  of  Devon, 
England,  who  was  a  bencher  of  Lincoln  's  Inn  in 
142*.  The  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Robert  Fitts,  who  came  from  England  in  1624 
and  settled  on  a  Virginia  plantation.  From  him 
th?  line  of  descent  is.  traced  through  several  gen- 
erations  to  Henry  Fitts,  to  his  son  Oliver  Fitts, 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject,  who  resided  at  old 
St.  Stephens,  in  Clark  County,  Ala.,  and  who  was 
judge  of  the  Federal  court  of  the  Mississippi  ter- 
ritory  during  1S10-16;  his  wife  was  Sarah  Harris, 
.lames  Harris  Fitts,  father  of  the  subject  and  a 
native  of  Warren  county,  N.  C.,  became  a  planter 
at  Jackson,  Ala.,  and  in  1823  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  house  of  the  general  assembly  of  Ala- 
l.ama  from  Clarke  county.  James  H.  Fitts,  the 
subject,  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
best  private  schools  of  Tuscaloosa.  He  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  boys  who  were  pupils,  during 
1839-40,  of  William  M.  Price,  familiarly  known 
as  "Old  Price."  He  was  graduated  at  the  TTni- 
versify  of  Alabama  in  1849,  receiving  subsequently 
the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  LL.D.  He  taught  school 
for  three  years  and  then  began  the  study  of  law 
in  Tuscaloosa.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1853,  being  the  first  person  to  be  licensed  in  Tus- 
caloosa  county  under  the  act  requiring  the  appli- 
cant  to  be  examined  in  open  court,  and  opened  his 
office  in  Tuscaloosa.  In  1854  he  was  elected  city 
attorney.  Before  the  civil  war  he  was  associated 
in  practice  at  different  periods  with  Col.  Lucien 
Van  Buren  Martin,  Newton  S.  Whitfield  and  Phil- 
lip  A.  Fitts.  He  was  opposed  to  the  dissolution 
of  the  Union;  did  all  he  could  to  defeat  the  Yan- 
cey  movement,  and  supported  Bell  and  Everett  in 
1860.  Upon  the  secession  of  the  South,  however, 
he  remained  loyal  to  his  state,  and  in  1864  was 
elected  by  the  congress  of  the  Confederacy  as  the 
Confederate  States  depository  at  Tuscaloosa.  He 
was  captured  by  Federal  forces,  Apr.  3,  1S65,  and 
his  offices  sacked  by  Federal  soldiers,  who  took 
$100,000  in  Confederate  money  and  two  millions 
in  vouchers.  While  practicing  law  in  1S65  he 
turned  his  attention  to  banking,  establishing  the 
private  banking  house  of  J.  H.  Fitts  &  Co.,  na- 
tionalized  in  1902  as  the  City  National  Bank,  of 
which  he  was  president  until  his  death.  It  was 
the  first  bank  in  Alabama  and  the  designated  de- 
positary  of  the  United  States  and  the  state  of 
Alabama.  He  was  a  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the 
University  of  Alabama,  and  when  the  university 
was  destroyed  by  Federal  troops  in  1865  and  the 
legislature  refused  to  make  any  appropriation  to 


rebuild,  erected  with  his  personal  funds  the  long, 
four-story  brick  building  which  was  so  long  the 
university  —  now  called  Wood's  Hall.  He  said 
that  he  could  safely  trust  the  state  to  repay  him, 
with  interest,  and  it  did  so  four  years  later.  HJ 
was  instrumental  in  obtaining  from  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  a  substantial  -contribution  to  the  educa- 
tional  fund  for  the  university,  to  be  loaned  to 
worthy  students.  At  every  crisis  in  its  later  his- 
tory  he  was  ready  to  come  to  the  rescue.  His 
written  appeal  to  the  alumni  and  to  the  entire 
people  of  Alabama  for  justice  to  the  institution 
was  one  of  the  chief  agencies  in  arousing  public 
sentiment  to  the  point  of  acknowledging  the  in- 
debtodness  of  the  state  to  the  university.  He  en- 
(lowed  a  scholarship  which  bears  his  name,  and  he 
presented  to  the  department  of  geology  an  excel- 
lent  oil  portrait  of  Michael  Tuomey,  the  first 
state  geologist  of  Alabama.  He  was  an  active 
worker  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  served 
as  vestryman  of  Christ  Church,  Tuscaloosa,  and 
was  its  senior  warden  from  1876  until  his  death. 
For  years  he  was  treasurer  of  the  bishop's  fund 
of  the  diocese  of  Alabama.  He  was  author  of  a 
number  of  important  pamphlets  and  books,  among 
them  being  a  paper  on  "Usury";  "History  of 
Banks  and  Banking  in  Alabama,  '  '  which  was  later 
reprinted  by  the  Bar  Association  of  the  City  of 
New  York;  "History  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ala- 
bama";  "Free  Coinage  of  Silver,"  and  "  Gene- 
alogy  of  the  Fitts  or  Fitz  Family  in  America." 
He  was  one  of  Alabama  's  foremost  citizens.  There 
were  but  few  men  of  prominence  in  the  state  who 
did  not  know  him  personally  and  hold  him  in  the 
highest  esteem.  He  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  in 
travel  and  study  and  was  a  man  of  rare  breadth 
of  culture  anil  extensive  reading.  He  was  married 
May  2,  1855,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  ot 
Lovatt  Burges,  a  Louisiana  planter,  and  a  descend- 
ant  of  Tristam  Burges  (q.v.),  the  statesman,  and 
of  Alexander  Burgess  (q.v.),  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  bishop;  she  died  in  1911.  Four  children 
survive:  William  Faulcon;  Fannie,  who  marrie  1 
Samuel  F.  Alston;  Alice,  now  Mrs.  Alice  Fitts  Hill, 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  Alston  Fitts,  M.D.  James 
Harris  Fitts  died  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  May  30, 
1912.  (Portrait  opposite  page  230.) 

HOARD,  Charles  de  Villers,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  May  11,  1857,  son  of 
Louis  de  Villers  and  Margarette  Annette  (Clark- 
son)  Hoard.  The  name  was  originally  Hoar,  ami 
the  family  is  of  the  same  line  as  George  Frisbee 
Hoar  (q.v.),  U.  S.  senator  from  Massachusetts. 
This  branch  of  the  family  is  descended  from 
Charles  Hoar,  who  was  sheriff  of  Gloucester,  Eng- 
land,  and  whose  widow  and  children  came  to 
America  early  in  the  17th  century  and  settled  at 
Scituate  and  Braintree,  Mass.  One  of  the  sons, 
Leonard  Hoar  (q.v.),  was  an  early  graduate  of 
Harvard  College  and  was  president  of  that  insti- 
tution  during  1672-75.  The  line  of  descent  from 
Charles  Hoar  is  traced  through  his  son,  John,  and 
his  wife,  Alice:  their  son,  Daniel,  and  his  1st 
wife,  Mary  Stratton;  their  son,  Daniel,  and  his 
wife,  Sarah  Jones;  their  son,  Daniel,  and  his  wife, 
Rebecca  Brooks;  their  son,  Samuel,  and  his  wife, 
Deborah  Bigelow,  to  their  son,  Silvius,  and  his 
wife,  Nancy  Mary  de  Villers,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents  of  Charles  de  Villers  Hoard.  John  Hoar 
(II)  was  a  lawyer  of  Scituate  and  Concord,  Mass. 
During  King  Philip's  war,  after  the  massacre  at 
Lancaster,  John  Hoar,  at  the  request  of  the  colonial 
authorities,  followed  the  Indians  into  the  wilder 
ness,  and  after  great  hardship  and  the  exercise 
of  much  ingenuity,  succeeded  in  rescuing  by  ran- 


230 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


som  Mri.  Bowlandson,  a  captive  from  Lancaster. 
Lieut.  Daniel  Hoar  (IV)  resided  near  Concord,  and 
his  son,  John,  was  the  ancestor  of  Sen.  Hoar. 
C'apt.  Daniel  Hoar  (V),  entered  Harvard  College 
in  1730;  he  was  the  fifth  or  sixth  settler  at  West- 
minster, Mass.,  became  one  of  the  town 's  first 
citizens.  Silvius  Hoard  (VII),  with  his  brothers, 
caused  the  name  to  be  changed  to  Hoard  by  act 
of  legislation  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He  re- 
sided at  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  agent 
for  George  Parish;  among  other  contracts  he  had 
that  of  building  the  Welland  Canal.  The  family 
of  de  Villers  is  of  distinguished  French  stock. 
Louis  de  Villers  Hoard,  father  of  the  subject  oZ 
this  sketch,  and  a  native  of  Antwerp,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  went  to  Chicago  in  his  youth,  became  deputy 
clerk  of  the  courts,  both  circuit  and  common  pleas, 
for  Cook  county,  and  subsequently  clerk  of  the 
circuit  court  of  that  county  for  two  terms  of  four 
years  each,  declining  the  nomination  for  a  third 
term.  He  returned  to  New  York  state  in  1856,  but  in 
1864  went  again  to  Chicago  and  purchased  a  half 
interest  in  a  set  of  abstract  books,  and  under  the 
firm  name  of  Shortall  &  Hoard  built  up  a  title 
and  guarantee  business  which  has  since  grown  to 
be  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  Chicago.  He  retired 
in  1S75,  took  up  his  residence  at  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  but  afterward  settled  at  Ogdensburg,  where 
he  gave  liberally  to  various  charitable  and  philan- 
thropic enterprises.  Charles  de  A'illers  Hoard  was 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1879  with  the  degree 
A.B.  After  his  graduation  he  went  into  the  firm 
of  Handy  &  Co.,  conveyancers,  Chicago,  where  he 
remained  until  1001,  when  the  business  was  sold 
out.  He  then,  like  his  father,  retired  to  Ogdens- 
burg and  practically  gave  up  active  business  cares. 
He  was,  however,  an  organizer  and  director  of  the 
Ogdensburg  Wood  Pulp  Co.,  and  a  director  in  the 
National  Bank  of  Ogdensburg.  Prior  to  his  death 
he  gave  $10,000  to  aid  in  the  erection  of  a  parish 
house.  Politically,  he  was  a  Democrat.  He  served 
as  mayor  of  Ogdensburg  during  1914-15.  He  was 
a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  he  held  membership  also 
in  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks; 
Pontiac  Game  Club  of  Canada,  at  Pontiac,  Can- 
ada ;  Chicago  Athletic  Club,  Chicago ;  and  the 
Century  Club,  Ogdensburg.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  music.  He  was  married  in  Chicago, 
111.,  June  21,  1882,  to  Bessie,  daughter  of  Charles 
Brown,  a  foundryinan,  of  Chicago;  she  survives 
him.  He  died  at  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1915. 
ORE.  George  Deffenbaugh,  agriculturist  and 
banker,  was  born  near  Linnville,  Licking  CO.,  O., 
Oct.  8,  1849,  son  of  Robert  and  Catherine  Orr. 
He  was  of  Irish  descent,  and  of  colonial  ancestors 
who  migrated  from  Maryland  to  Ohio.  For  gen- 
erations the  Orrs  were  noted  for  the  number  of 
strong,  sturdy  men  in  the  family,  and  almost  with- 
out any  exceptions  they  chose  farming  as  their  life 
work.  Eobert  Orr,  father  of  the  subject,  was  like- 
wise a  farmer.  George  D.  Orr  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  and  after  reaching  man- 
hood taught  school  for  a  number  of  years,  but  al- 
ways iu  conjunction  with  agricultural  pursuits.  Un- 
til 1907  he  continued  to  occupy  the  farm-homestead 
near  Brownsville,  O.  He  then  removed  to  Newark, 
O.  He  was  the  founder  and  president  of  the 
Glenford  Bank,  in  Perry  county,  O.,  and  he  was 
from  its  organization  until  his  death  a  directol 
in  the  Licking  County  Bank  &  Trust  Co.,  Newark. 
He  was  a  trustee  in  the  Licking  County  Children's 
Home,  and  he  held  various  other  posts  of  trust 
and  responsibility.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic 
party.  In  all  matters  relative  to  the  welfare  of 


Newark  and  Licking  county  he  was  very  activt 
and  gave  substantial  aid  to  further  public  prog- 
ress. He  married  in  Licking  county,  O.,  May  9. 
1872,  Virginia,  daughter  of  William  M.  Beall,  a 
farmer,  of  Licking  county;  she  survived  him,  with 
three  children:  Olive,  who  married  Edwin  J. 
Williams,  of  Newark ;  Lulu,  who  married  Arthur 
W.  Caldwell,  of  Pataskala,  0.,  and  Anna  F.,  who 
married  James  E.  Currie,  of  Newark.  He  died  at 
Newark,  O..  Jan.  12,  1917. 

TAYLOR,  Henry  Clay,  lawyer  and  philan- 
thropist, was  burn  at  "West  Crest,"  near  Colum- 
bus, O.,  May  15,  1844,  son  of  David  and  Margaret 
(Livingston)  Taylor.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Matthew  Taylor,  who  came  from 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  in  1722,  and  settled  at 
Londonderry,  N.  H.  From  him  and  his  wife  Jean- 
nette  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Matthew  and  his  wife  Janet  Archibald,  tc 
tlieir  son  Eobert  Taylor  and  his  wife  Mehetabel 
Wilson,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Henry  Clay 
Taylor.  Matthew  Taylor  (II)  became  a  resident 
of  Truro,  Nova  Scotia,  while  Eobert  Taylor  (III) 
established  the  family  homestead  along  Big  Wal- 
nut creek,  near  Columbus,  and  named  the  town- 
ship Truro,  after  his  eastern  home.  He  made  the 
first  settlement  in  that  section  in  1804,  and  for  it 
trails  had  to  be  blazed  through  the  forest.  David 
Taylor,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer,  and 
on  his  retirement  erected  a  substantial  residence 
in  Columbus.  Henry  Clay  Taylor,  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war,  was  a  freshman  at  Miami  Univer- 
sity, Oxford,  O.,  and  although  but  seventeen  he 
offered  himself  for  service  with  a  company  of 
students,  entering  the  Federal  army  as  private  in 
Co.  A,  86th  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He 
was  graduated  at  Miami  University  in  1865  with 
the  degree  A.B.,  and  at  Harvard  Law  School  in 
1867  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  the  latter  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Columbus  in  associa- 
tion with  his  brother,  Col.  Edward  Livingston 
Taylor,  under  the  firm  name  of  Taylor  &  Taylor. 
He  early  affiliated  himself  with  the  Republican 
party  and  was  a  member  of  the  city  council  of 
Columbus  during  1883-87,  and  its  president  dur- 
ing 1886-87.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  gen- 
eral assembly  of  Ohio,  serving  two  years,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee.  In  1901  he 
was  candidate  for  mayor  of  Columbus.  He  was 
judge  advocate  general  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  Nash 
during  1900-04.  Aside  from  his  professional  acti- 
vities he  was  a  director  in  the  Columbia  &  Zeuia 
Railroad  Co.,  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century; 
president  board  of  trustees  of  Green  Lawn  Ceme- 
tery Association,  a  large  holder  of  city  real  estate, 
and  general  counsel  of  the  Columbian  Building  & 
Loan  Association.  For  thirty  years  he  was  presi- 
dent and  trustee  of  the  Columbus  Gallery  of  Fine 
Arts;  trustee  of  Miami  University  from  1S99; 
vice-president  Columbus  Humane  Society  during 
1902-14,  and  its  president  from  the  latter  year; 
vice-president  Society  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure 
of  Tuberculosis  from  1907;  past  president  Frank- 
lin County  Bar  Association;  past  president  Har- 
vard Club  of  Central  Ohio;  vice-president  (1904- 
17)  Columbus  Country  Club;  charter  member 
Columbus  Club,  and  member  also  Ohio  State  Bar 
Association,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  fraternity.  He  was  a  founder  of  the 
Broad  Street  Presbyterian  Church.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  literary  activities  and  in  nature 
study,  and  lent  much  of  his  time  to  philanthropic 
works.  He  married  in  Columbus,  O.,  June  9,  1897, 
Rebecca,  daughter  of  James  M.  McKee,  of  Colum 


JA.MKS  H.  FITTS 

I. \\VYKK   AND   HANKER 


CHARLES  DEV.  HOARD 
FINANCIER 


GEORGE  D.  ORR 
BANKER 


HENRY  C.  TAYLOR 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


231 


bus;  she,  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Livingston 
Lodge  Taylor,  Princeton,  1920.  He  died  in  Colum- 
bus, 0.,  Mar.  '27,  1917. 

SCOTT,  Charles,  lawyer,  planter,  sportsman 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Jackson,  Miss., 
Nov.  7,  1847,  son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  M. 
'  Bullus)  Scott.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Maj.  Joseph  Scott,  who  came  from 
England  prior  to  the  revolution  and  settled  in 
Virginia.  Prom  him  and  his  wife  (name  un- 
known) the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Edward  and  his  wife  Sarah  Haines,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Charles  Scott.  Joseph  Scott 
(I)  was  commissioned  a  subaltern  officer  in  the 
First  Virginia  Regiment  in  September,  1775,  after- 
ward promoted  to  captain,  and  was  dangerously 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Germantown,  Oct.  4, 
1777.  He  was  for  many  years  United  States 
marshal  for  A'irginia.  Edward  Scott  was  a  lawyer 
and  jurist  as  was  Charles  Scott,  father  of  the 
subject,  who  was  chancellor  of  the  thon  superior 
court.  Charles  Scott,  the  subject,  was  educated  in 
public  and  private  schools  until  fifteen,  when  he 
enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service  as  private  in 
Adams '  cavalry.  He  was  later  detailed  as  volun- 
teer aide-de-camp  under  Gen.  Daniel  W.  Adams 
to  participate  as  member  of  his  staff  in  the  relief 
of  Vicksburg.  Subsequently  he  joined  Capt.  Wil- 
liam E.  Hunt 's  company  of  the  28th  regiment 
Mississippi  cavalry  and  continued  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  surrendering  under  Gen.  Nathan  B. 
Forrest  (q.v.)  at  Gainesville,  Ala.,  in  May,  1865. 
After  the  war  he  studied  law  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  Judge  William  Yerger,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Mississippi  under  special  license  be- 
fore attaining  his  majority.  In  1S67  he  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Rosedale  and 
he  continued  to  practice  until  1913.  Aside  from 
the  law  he  had  large  interests  in  banking  and 
finance,  and  in  cotton  planting,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  the  most  extensive  cotton  planter 
in  the  South.  Upon  its  organization  he  became 
president  of  the  Bank  of  Rosedale.  When  the 
bank  failed,  although  not  legally  bound  to  do  so, 
he  and  his  wife  paid  all  depositors  in  full,  dollar 
for  dollar,  without  the  slightest  hesitation.  He  was 
neither  legally  nor  morally  bound  for  these  debts. 
He  was  interested  in.  Democratic  politics,  though 
he  cared  not  at  all  for  the  practical  side  of  poli- 
tics. He  was  keenly  alert  in  the  protection  of  the 
riparian  lands  of  the  Yazoo  Delta  and  throughout 
the  entire  Mississippi  Valley.  He  was  the  projec- 
tor in  1890,  of  the  old  Interstate  Levee  Associa- 
tion, of  which  he  was  president,  and  he  took  an 
active  part,  in  1912,  in  merging  the  organization 
into  the  Mississippi  River  Levee  and  Improvement 
Association,  declining  the  presidency  because  of 
impaired  health.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Western 
Waterways  convention,  Memphis,  1906;  director 
and  member  of  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Lakes 
to  the  Gulf  Deep  Waterway  Association,  and  a 
director  in  the  National  Rivers  and  Harbors  con- 
gress. He  was  president  of  the  Mississippi  com- 
mission on  monuments  in  honor  of  Women  in  the 
Confederacy;  director  in  the  International  League 
for  Highway  Improvement,  and  the  Southern  Com- 
mercial congress,  and  member  also  of  the  Ameri- 
can Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  Am- 
erican Political  Science  Association,  Baltimore; 
Royal  Society  of  Arts,  London ;  Benevolent  and 
Protective  Order  of  Elks;  the  Tennessee  and  Busi- 
ness Men's  clubs,,  Memphis,  and  the  Welcome 
Club,  Tokyo,  Japan.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  In  1907  he  was 
a  candidate  before  the  primary,  for  governor  of 


Mississippi.  That  campaign  was  made  memorable 
by  the  fact  that  he  wore  his  Confederate  uniform 
and  rode  horseback  from  the  Tennessee  line  to  the 
Mexico  gulf,  making  campaign  addresses,  and  was 
tendered  an  ovation  at  every  stopping  place.  He 
was  defeated  for  governor  by  a  small  majority.  He 
was  personally  known  throughout  the  entire  nation, 
his  agricultural  exhibits  attracting  wide  attention, 
his  farm  products  receiving  gold  medals  at  New 
Orleans  Cotton  exposition  and  Louisiana  Purchase 
exposition  at  St.  Louis.  He  found  his  chief  recre- 
ation in  hunting  and  fishing,  and  his  great  love 
for  these  sports  carried  him  to  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  British  Colombia  and  Canada. 
Typical  of  the  old  school  Southerner  he  was  ever 
ready  to  bear  with  patience  the  troubles  of  others 
and  ready  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  those  in  dis- 
tress. His  charities  were  boundless,  ever  exercised 
in  the  true  Christian  spirit,  and  as  wide  as  his 
knowledge  of  need.  Of  his  endowments  anil  ac- 
quirements no  correct  estimate  can  be  based  on  his 
public  record  outside  of  his  chosen  profession  of 
law.  There  by  common  consent  he  was  adjudged 
eminent.  His  innate  modesty  was  a  bar  against 
many  higher  fields  for  usefulness  in  which  his 
mental  gifts  and  equipment  gave  ample  qualifica- 
tion. He  was  married  at  Three  Oaks  Plantation, 
Washington  county,  Miss.,  Mar.  10,  1870,  to  Mal- 
vina,  daughter  of  Alexander  Yerger,  lawyer  and 
planter  of  Mississippi.  She  survives  him  with 
three  children:  Malvina,  who  married  Eugene  Oc- 
tave Sykes,  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Missis- 
sippi; Charlie,  who  married  Dr.  David  Max  Hen- 
ning,  of  Memphis,  Tenn. ;  Alexander  Y.,  of  Rose- 
dale,  Miss.  One  daughter,  Elisabeth  Bullus,  who 
married  Edgar  Hall  Woods,  died  prior  to  her 
father's  death.  Charles  Scott  died  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  Oct.  26,  1916. 

STREETER,  Lilian  Carpenter,  social  worker, 
was  born  at  Bath,  N.  H.,  July  22,  1854,  daughter 
of  Alonzo  P.  and  Julia  Rosnnne  (Goodall)  Car- 
penter. She  is  a  descendant  of  William  Carpenter, 
of  Wherwell  Sussex,  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  the  ship  Bevis,  from  Southampton,  in 
1635,  settled  first  at  Weymouth,  Mass.,  and  in  1643 
became  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  Reho- 
both,  Mass.  He  served  as  town  clerk  for  many 
years,  and  was  also  deputy  to  the  General  Court. 
From  him  and  his  wife  Abigail  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  sou  William  and  his  wife 
Miriam  Searles;  their  sou  Noah  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Johnson ;  their  son  Isaiah  and  his  wife 
Althea  Titus;  their  son  Jonah  and  his  wife  Zeruish 
Whitmore;  and  their  sou  Isaiah  and  his  wife 
Caroline  Bugbee,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Lilian  C.  Streeter.  Jonah  Carpenter  was  a  minute- 
man  in  the  revolutionary  war.  Her  matern:  1 
grandfather,  Rev.  David  Goodall,  was  the  firrt 
minister  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Littleton, 
N.  H.  Alonzo  P.  Carpenter,  her  father,  was  a  prom- 
inent lawyer,  judge  and  finally  Chief  Justice  of 
New  Hampshire.  Lilian  Carpenter  Streeter  was 
educated  at  home  under  private  tutors  and  at  St. 
Johnsbury  (Vt.)  Academy,  but  though  fitted  for 
the  class  of  '74  at  Vassar  was  prevented  from 
entering  college  by  a  serious  eye  trouble.  At  an 
early  age  she  became  deeply  interested  in  social, 
charitable  and  philanthropic  movements  as  her 
mother  had  been  before  her.  After  her  marriage 
in  1877  she  became  a  resident  of  Concord,  N.  H. 
She  was  a  prime  mover  and  organizer  of  the  Con- 
cord Ramabai  Circle;  trustee  of  the  Margaret  Pills- 
bury  General  Hospital;  was  leader  of  a  baud  of 
King's  Daughters.  In  1893  she  founded  the  Con- 
cord Women  's  Club,  and  was  chosen  first  president. 


232 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


She  also  founded  and  became  first  president  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  in 
1895  arid  now  holds  the  title  of  Founder  and 
Honorary  president.  She  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Concord  Charity  Organization  in  1903, 
served  as  vice-president  until  1910,  when  she  re- 
signed. She  was  secretary  of  the  New  Hampshire 
State  Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections  from  1899 
to  1901,  and  chairman  from  1901  to  1911;  has 
been  chairman  of  the  committee  on  dependent 
children,  State  Conference  of  Charities  and  Cor- 
rections since  1901 ;  chairman  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire Children's  Commission,  1913-15,  her  report 
having  been  called  for  from  all  over  the  country 
by  social  workers,  and  state  and  college  libraries. 
In  January,  I'.'H'.i,  she  was  the  representative  from 
New  Hampshire,  invited  by  Pres.  Eoosevelt  to  at- 
tend the  Conference  upon  Dependent  Children, 
called  by  him  at  the  White  House.  She  was  sec- 
retary of  the  Concord  District  Nursing  Association 
from  its  inception  until  1909,  president  in  1909-13, 
and  is  now  honorary  president.  She  was  also  chair- 
man for  New  Hampshire  of  the  membership  and 
finance  committee  of  the  National  Association  for 
Public.  Health  Nursing  until  1915.  Mrs.  Streeter 
is  an  Episcopalian  and  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Social  Service  Commission  of  the  Diocese 
of  Ni-\v  Hampshire  since  its  formation  in  1909; 
and  also  of  the  Social  Service  Commission 
of  the  Provincial  Synod  of  New  England  since  its 
organization,  the  only  woman  on  the  commission. 
She  is  also  a  member  of  visiting  committee  of  the 
Orphans'  Home  of  St.  Paul's  School,  N.  H.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political 
and  Social  Science;  the  National  Conference  of 
Charities  and  Corrections;  the  National  Organiza- 
tion for  Public  Health  Nursing;  Eumford  Chap- 
ter, D.  A.  E. ;  National  Society  of  Colonial  Dames 
of  America  (treasurer  for  New  Hampshire)  ;  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  New  Hampshire  branch 
of  the  National  Civic  Federation,  and  her  clubs 
are:  Woman's,  Shakespeare,  Friendly,  Golf  and 
Country  of  Concord,  and  the  Mayflower  of  Boston. 
She  is  also  honorary  vice-chairman  of  the  woman  's 
branch  of  the  New  Hampshire  Council  of  National 
Defense.  At  the  National  Conference  of  Charities 
and  Corrections,  held  in  Baltimore,  in  1915;  Mrs. 
Streeter  gave  a  paper  entitled  ' '  The  Eolation  of 
Mental  Defect  to  the  Neglected,  Dependent  and 
Delinquent  Children  of  New  Hampshire,"  which 
aroused  much  comment  and  discussion.  She  is  an 
anti-suffragist.  Mrs.  Streeter  was  married  at 
Bath,  N.  H.,  Nov.  14,  1877,  to  Frank  Sherwin 
Streeter  (q.v.),  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  and  has  two 
children:  Julia,  wife  of  Henry  Gardner,  of  Balti- 
more, Md.,  end  Thomas  Winthrop  Streeter,  vice- 
president  of  the  American  International  Co.,  of 
New  York  city. 

DOKT,  Josiab.  Dallas,  manufacturer,  was  born 
in  Inkster,  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  Feb.  2,  1861,  son  of 
Josiah  and  Marcy  (Jones-Straight)  Dort,  and  a 
descendant  of  Ambrose  Dorte,  who  came  from 
Devonshire,  England,  prior  to  1643  and  settled  in 
Boston,  Mass.  From  this  Ambrose  Dorte  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Eichard;  Bich- 
arcl's  son  Daniel,  who  married  Elizabeth  Doug- 
les;  their  son  Daniel,  who  married  Jemimah  Shay- 
lor;  their  son  Jonathan,  who  married  Lucy  Whit- 
ney; their  son  Timothy,  who  married  Margaret 
Taylor,  and  their  son  Titus  (Dort),  who  married 
Charlotte  Olark,  and  was  the  grandfather  of  Josiah 
D.  Dort.  His  father  was  a  brick  manufacturer  at 
Dearborn,  Mich.,  and  furnished  the  material  for 
the  United  States  arsenal  there.  The  son  was 
educated  in  the  Wayne  (Mich.)  public  schools  and 


the  State  Normal  School  at  Ypsilanti.  He  began 
his  business  career  as  a  clerk  in  a  crockery 
business  at  Ypsilauti  and  Jackson,  Mich.  In 
1881  he  entered  the  employ  of  a  hardware 
merchant  in  Flint,  Mich,  and  subsequently  was 
connected  with  the  wholesale  hardware  firm  of 
Morley  Bros.,  at  Saginaw.  In  1885,  in  partner- 
ship with  James  Bussy,  he  entered  the  retail  hard- 
ware business,  and  a  year  later  with  William  C. 
Durant  (q.v.)  organized  the  Flint  Eoad  Cart  Co. 
for  the  manufacture  of  carts  and  wagons.  The 
business,  which  grew  to  be  one  of  the  chief  manu- 
factories of  Flint,  marked  the  entrance  of  two  of 
America's  notable  captains  of  industry  in  the  ve- 
hicle and  automobile  industry,  both  Messrs.  Doit 
and  Durant  subsequently  becoming  makers  of  au- 
tomobiles. Mr.  .Dort  as  its  president  and  leading 
spirit  developed  his  carriage  business  into  one  of 
the  foremost  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  In- 
corporated with  a  captial  stock  of  $150,000  in 
1893,  two  years  later  it  was  merged  into  tho 
Durant-Dort  Carriage  Co.,  capitalized  at  $1,500,- 
000,  and  in  1900  the  capital  was  increased  to  $2,- 
000,000.  With  an  experience  of  thirty  years  in 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  vehicles,  it  was  a 
logical  step  to  enter  the  automobile  field.  Accord- 
ingly in  January,  1915,  the  directors  and  officials 
of  the  carriage  business  organized  the  Dort  Mo- 
tor Car  Co.  of  Flint,  Mich.,  capitalized  at  $1,000.- 
000,  with  Mr.  Dort  as  president.  With  a  plant 
covering  nearly  twelve  acres  of  ground,  the  com- 
pany has  been  manufacturing  a  line  of  touring, 
sedan,  sedanette,  roadster  and  coupe  automobiles, 
whose  reputation  for  quality  and  serviceability  has 
made  th,  name  of  Dort  famous  throughout  the 
automobile  world.  The  Durant-Dort  Carriage  Co. 
discontinued  active  operation  with  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  automobile  business,  but  through  its 
secretary  and  treasurer  as  trustees  owns  the  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  latter  company.  From  an 
humble  beginning  Mr.  Dort  has  risen  to  a  foremost 
place  in  the  carriage  and  automobile  industry  in 
the  United  States.  He  was  president  of  the  Car- 
riage Builders  National  Association  in  1907-08,  and 
in  addition  to  being  the  active  head  of  the  com- 
panies mentioned  above,  he  was  president  of  the 
Imperial  Wheel  Co.,  -1900-12;  the  Flint  Axle 
Works,  1900-14;  the  Flint  Varnish  Works,  1902-14, 
and  the  Copeman  Electric  Stove  Co.;  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Pine  Bluff  (Ark.)  Spoke  Co.  and  the 
Dominion  Carriage  Co.  of  Toronto,  and  a  director 
of  the  Blount  Carriage  and  Buggy  Co.  of  Atlan- 
ta, Ga.,  the  Chevrolet  Motor  Oar  Co.  of  Flint,  and 
the  Gray-Dort  Motors  Ltd.  of  Chatham,  Ontario. 
Through  the  interests  of  the  Durant-Dort  Carriage 
Co.  he  is  likewise  a  factor  in  the  Buick  Motor  Co. 
and  tlje  General  Motors  Co.,  organized  by  Mr.  Du- 
rant. Mr.  Dort  has  always  taken  a  sincere  inter- 
est in  the  welfare  of  his  employees  and  of  the 
workingmen  of  the  city  of  Flint'in  general.  He 
has  introduced  in  his  companies  a  profit-sharing 
plan  based  on  the  length  of  employment ;  was  ac- 
tive in  the  organization  of  the  Flint  Factories  Mu- 
tual Benefit  Association  and  the  Flint  Associated 
Factories  Organization,  and  is  a  director  of  the 
Michigan  Workmen 's  Compensation  Mutual  In- 
surance Co.  of  Detroit.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
conservation  congress  called  by  Pres.  Eoosevelt  in 
1907,  and  he  was  an  influential  factor  in  drafting 
the  law  creating  the  Michigan  railroad  commis- 
mission.  Ever  interested  in  the  social  and  civic 
welfare  of  Flint  he  has  contributed  liberally  to 
its  charities,  philanthropies  and  public  institutions, 
and  has  held  honorary  positions  on  various  local 
and  state  boards.  lie  is  partly  responsible  for 


JOSIAH  D.  DORT 
MANUFACTURER 


HYMEN  DEB.  DAVIS 
LAWYER 


RALPH  M.  SHAW 
LAWYER 


THOMAS  1).  URADSTREET 
MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


233 


Flint's  splendid  park  and  boulevard  system;  is  a 
patron  of  art,  and  a  lover  of  music  and  literature. 
He  is  a  thirty-second  decree  Mason,  and  a  member 
of  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  the 
Flint  Country  Club,  the  Detroit,  Detroit  Golf  and 
Detroit  Athletic  clubs.  He  was  married  (1)  ./on. 
12,  1887,  to  Nellie  M.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Noah  Bates 
of  Flint;  she  died  in  1000.  He  was  married  (2)  at, 
Mackinac,  Mich.,  May  8,  1007,  to  Marcia,  daughter 
of  Maj.  Charles  A.  Webb,  U.  S.  A.  There  are 
two  children  by  the  first  union ;  Ralph,  advertis- 
ing manager  for  the  Dort  Motor  Car  Co.,  and 
Dorothy;  also  three  children  by  the  present  union: 
Dallas  Webb,  Margery  and  David  Truseott  Dort. 

DAVIS,  Hymen  DeBruin,  lawyer  and  under- 
writer, was  born  at  Winchester,  Adams  co.,  O., 
Oct.  11,  1863,  son  of  Odell  and  Anne  E.  (Jarvis) 
Davis.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  William  Davis,  who  came  from  Scotland  in 
the  ISth  century,  served  in  the  American  army 
during  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  later  settled 
near  Winchester,  O.  Odell  Davis,  father  of  the 
subject,  and  a  farmer,  served  in  the  civil  war  as 
a  member  of  Co.  E,  60th  regiment,  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry,  and  died  from  exposure  in  the  service. 
Hymen  Davis  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Hillsboro,  O.  He  studied  law  at  Hills- 
boro  under  the  preceptorship  of  Sloane  &  Newby; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio,  and  in  that  year 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Hillsboro 
in  association  with  Henry  A.  Pavey,  under  the  firm 
style  of  Pavey  &  Davis.  He  served  six  years  as 
mayor  of  Hillsboro,  and  removed  to  Cleveland  in 
1S9'4.  He  was  city  prosecutor  during  1000-03,  sub- 
sequently serving  under  Gov.  Herrick  as  special 
counsel  and  state  fire  marshal  for  four  years. 
Pres.  Taft  appointed  him  U.  S.  marshal  for  the 
northern  district  of  Ohio,  and  he  continued  four 
years  in  that  capacity.  In  1912  he  organized  the 
Cleveland  National  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  incorpor- 
ated under  the  laws  of  Ohio,  with  general  offices 
in  Cleveland.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
president  of  this  corporation,  which  had  met  with 
a  unique  success,  and  which  was  highly  prosperous 
under  his  personal  direction.  He  was  supreme 
dictator  Loyal  Order  of  Moose;  past  commander 
Ohio  department  Sous  of  Veterans,  and  member  also 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  Maccabees,  and  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  also  of  various  law  associations  and  un- 
derwriting societies.  He  had  served  as  chairman 
of  the  Republican  executive  committee  of  C'uyahoga 
county.  He  was  married,  May  17,  1804,  to  Lida, 
daughter  of  Louis  Ambrose,  a  noted  architect  and 
builder  of  Hillsboro,  O. ;  she  survives  him.  He 
died  in  Cleveland,  O.,  Nov.  11,  1016. 

SHAW,  Ralph  Martin,  lawyer  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  Paris,  Ky.,  Feb.  18,  1869,  son  of 
Hiram  and  Harriet  (Martin)  Shaw.  His  earliest 
known  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Shaw, 
who  was  at  New  Marlboro,  Mass.,  in  the  middle  of 
the  18th  century.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Lydia, 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son, 
Hiram,  and  his  wife,  Margaret  Pilcher,  to  their 
son,  Nathaniel  Shaw,  and  his  wife,  Emma  Marsh, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Ralph  Martin  Shaw. 
Ralph  Martin  Shaw  received  his  education  at 
Kentucky  ;;tate  College,  and  at  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity  where  he  was  graduated  in  1SS8  with  the 
degree  A.B.,  and  at  Yale  University  in  1S90  with 
the  degree  A.B.  He  was  graduated  at  the  college 
of  law  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1892  with 
the  degree  LL.B.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Illinois  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Chicago  as  an  associate 


in  the  offices  of  John  Barton  Payne.  In  1893  he 
was  employed  by  the  law  firm  of  Winston  & 
Meager,  and  became  successively  a  member  of  that 
firm;  a  partner  in  the  law  firm  of  Winston,  Bab- 
cock,  Strawn  &  Shaw ;  in  the  firm  of  Winston, 
Payne,  Strawn  &  Shaw,  and,  since  191S,  has  been 
of  the  firm  of  Winston,  Strawn  &  Shaw,  the 
members  of  which  include  Garrard  B.  and  James 
II.  Winston,  Silas  H.  Strawn,  John  D.  Black, 
Edward  W.  Everett,  Frederick  C.  Hack,  Walter 
H.  Jacobs  and  J.  Sidney  Condit.  Aside  from  his 
professional  activities  he  is  a  director  in  the  Union 
Stock  Yard  &  Transit  Co.  of  Chicago,  Chicago 
River  &  Indiana  Railroad  Co.,  Joliet  &  Northern 
Indiana  Railroad  Co.,  American  Tar  Products  Co., 
Federal  Creosoting  Co.,  American  Creosoting  Co., 
Horlick  's  Malted  Milk  Co.,  United  States  Brewing 
Co.  of  Chicago,  Chicago  Breweries,  Ltd.,  McAvoy 
Brewing  Co.,  Waeker  &  Birk  Brewing  &  Malting 
Co.,  Stewart  Manufacturing  Corporation,  and  the 
Davis- Watkins  Dairymen's  Manufacturing  Co.  As 
a  partner  in  the  firm  of  which  he  is  a  member, 
he  is  counsel  for  all  of  these  companies  and  others, 
also  general  counsel  for  the  Chicago  Great  Western 
Railroad  Co.,  and  Chicago  River  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road Co.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  Illinois  State  Bar  Association,  Chi- 
cago Bar  Association,  and  of  the  Law,  Chicago, 
Chicago  Golf,  Yale,  Mid-Day,  University,  Saddle 
&  Cycle,  Casino,  Old  Elm,  Shoreacres,  and  On- 
wentsia  clubs,  Chicago ;  Yale  Club,  New  York 
city;  Metropolitan  Club,  Washington,  and  Chevy 
Chase  (Md.)  Club.  His  political  affiliation  is  wicn 
the  Republican  party,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  golf.  Hfi  was  married  (I), 
Aug.  29,  1896,  to  Mary  Stephens,  of  Chicago,  111.; 
she  died  in  1913.  He'was  married  (II),  Sept.  29, 
1914,  to  Louise  Sheppard  Tyler.  He  has  one 
child:  Ralph  Martin  Shaw,  Jr.,  2d  lieutenant, 
R.  O.  I.  G.,  Yale  University. 

BRADSTREET,  Thomas  Dudley,  manufac- 
turer, was  born  in  Plymouth  Hollow  (now  Thomas- 
ton),  Conn.,  Aug.  1,  1841,  son  of  Thomas  J.  and 
Amanda  (Thomas)  Bradstreet.  The  first  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  Simon  Bradstreet  (q.v.), 
who  came  to  this  country  from  Harbling,  Lincoln- 
shire, England",  in  ]630,  and  settled  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.;  he  was  elected  governor  of  Massachusetts 
in  1680,  and  with  universal  approval  he  held  public, 
office  for  sixty  years;  he  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  Gov.  Thomas  Dudley,  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
Colony.  She  was  the  first  poetess  in  America  ,- 
from  "them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  John  and  his  wife;  their  son  Simon  and 
his  wife;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Elisabeth 
Fisk;  and  their  son  Dudley  and  his  wife  Mary 
Porter,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Seth 
Thomas  (q.v.)  was  the  founder  of  the  Seth 
Thomas  Clock  Co.,  in  1813.  His  father  was  n  Con- 
gregational clergyman,  who,  because  of  ill  health 
relinquished  his  charge  and  entered  the  Seth 
Thomas  company  as  superintendent  of  the  cotton 
mill  department.  In  later  years  he  retired  to  his 
farm  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Thomas  Dudley  Bradstreet  was  educated  at  the 
public  schools  of  Thomaston  and  at  the  Hudson 
River  Institute,  Claverack,  X.  Y.  During  the  civil 
war  he  enlisted  in  the  19th  regiment,  Connecticut 
volunteers,  in  August,  1862,  serving  as  first 
sergeant  of  company  D  until  March,  1863,  when 
he  was  honorably  discharged  because  of  "total 
disability."  In  1873  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Seth  Thomas  Clock  Co.  as  a  bench  hand.  In 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


iSBG,  he  became  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager of  the  company,  continuing  thus  until  the 
close  of  his  life.  This  enterprise  was  established 
by  Seth  Thomas  in  1813,  and  he  organized  a  com- 
pany under  the  joint  stock  laws  of  Connecticut  in 
1853.  Originally  it  employed  about  twenty  opera- 
tives, but  it  has  steadily  increased  until,  in  1916, 
it  employed  over  one  thousand  two  hundred  hands. 
Its  goods  are  distributed  to  all  parts  of  the  world 
and  consist  of  every  kind  of  time  piece,  from  the 
most  delicate  watch  to  a  town  clock.  Thoruaston, 
originally  a  village  of  but  thirteen  dwellings,  has 
grown  to  be  a  good  sized  town  in  consequence  of 
this  flourishing  industry.  Besides  his  connection 
with  the  Seth  Thomas  concern,  Mr.  Bradstreet  was 
also  president  of  the  Thomaston  \Vater  Co.,  and 
a  director  in  the  Thomaston  National  Bank.  He 
was  a  staunch  Eepublican,  and  in  1886  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Connecticut  house  of  representa- 
tives. In  1903,  and  again  in  1905,  he  was  elected 
state  senator,  and  in  1907-13  served  as  state 
comptroller,  holding  that  office  longer  than  any 
other  incumbent  in  eighty-five  years.  His  admin- 
istration was  remarkable  for  its  efficiency  and 
faithfulness.  He  was  active  in  fraternal  and  social 
circles.  He  was  a  thirty-setond  degree  Mason  and 
an  Elk,  and  was  a  member  of  Clark  commandery, 
Knights  Templar  of  Watcrbury;  Pyramid  Temple 
of  Bridgeport;  Eussell  Post,  G.  A.  B.,  of  Thomas- 
ton;  Sous  of  the  Eevolutioii,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  board  of  managers;  Army  and  Navy  Club 
of  Connecticut;  the  New  England  Society  of  New 
York ;  Union  League  Ckib,  of  New  Haven,  and  the 
Thomaston  and  Hartford  clubs.  His  religious  af- 
filiations were  with  the  Congregational  Church,  in 
the  affairs  of  which  he  was  keenly  interested.  He 
was  particularly  fond  of  motoring  and  travel. 
Mr.  Bradstreet 's  entire  life  was  one  of  usefulness. 
He  was  a  man  of  sterling  character,  true  as  steel, 
honest  and  dependable,  and  his  promise,  whether 
in  business  or  politics,  could  always  be  relied  upon. 
The  various  industries  with  which  he  was  identified 
had  a  reputation  for  generous  treatment  of  their 
employes.  At  home  and  in  public  life,  Mr.  Brad- 
street  was  ever  kind  and  generous,  which  won  for 
him  the  love  and  esteem  of  a  host  of  friends.  His 
memory  will  be  fondly  and  proudly  cherished  by 
the  community  in  which  he  dwelt.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Mar.  23,  1864,  to  Sarah  M.,  daughter  of 
Julius  Perry,  of  T7aterbury,  Conn.,  and  they  had 
two  children,  one  of  whom  survives,  namely  Annie 
Dudley,  wife  of  George  A.  Lemmon,  of  Thomas- 
ton.  Mr.  Bradstreet  died  in  Thomaston,  Conn., 
Aug.  15,  1915. 

BLAND,  Charles  Clelland,  jurist,  was  born 
at  Hardford,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  9,  ls.17,  son  of 
Stoughton  Edward  and  Margaret  Parks  (Nail) 
Bland,  and  a  descendant  of  colonial  Virginia  stock 
of  English  origin.  To  this  family  belonged  Rich- 
ard Bland  (q.  v.),  the  statesman  and  intimate  of 
Thomas  Jefferson.  Stoughton  E.  Bland,  father  of 
the  subject,  was  reared  on  a  farm  near  Lebanon, 
Ky.;  was  a  well  educated  man  for  his  period, 
taught  school,  preached  occasionally  in  the  Metho- 
dist church;  procured  the  establishment  of 
Bland 's  Mills,  which  he  owned  and  operated,  as 
a  postoffice,  and  was  himself  appointed  postmaster 
by  Amos  Kendall  (q.  v.),  then  postmaster-general 
in  Jackson's  cabinet.  Later  he  was  a  farmer 
near  Hartford.  Richard  P.  Bland  ("S41ver  Dick" 
— q.  v.),  was  a  brother  of  the  subject;  he  was  a 
distinguished  congressman  and  was  candidate  for 
presidential  honors  at  the  Democratic  national 
convention  of  1S96.  Charles  C.  Bland  received  his 
education  in  public  schools  and  at  Arcadia  College, 


in  Washington  co.,  Mo.     He  taught  school  for  a 
time    in    Missouri    and    later    at    Prentiss,    Miss., 
meanwhile  reading  law.     In  1860  he  was  admitted 
to  the  Missouri  bar  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession   at  Salem,   Dent  county.     Although   he 
came   of   Southern   lineage,   his   convictions   made 
him  a   Federalist,  and  in   1862   he   enlisted  as   a 
private  in  Co.  D,  32d  regiment  Missouri  volunteer 
infantry,  and  was  at   once  chosen  captain  of  his 
company.      He  served   two  years,  participating   in 
battles  and  engagements  at  Chiekasaw  Bayou,  Ar- 
kansas  I'ost,   Vicksburg,   Jackson,   Brandon,   Mis- 
sionary   Ridge,    Jonesboro    and   the    Atlanta    cam 
p;iign.    After  the  fall  of  Atlanta  his  regiment  wa- 
consolidated  with  the  21st  Missouri.    Following  his 
discharge    from    the    army    he    resumed    his    Ian- 
practice,   at  Eolla,  Phelps   co.,  Mo.,  and  in   1866 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  Richard  P. 
Bland,  as  Bland  &  Bland,  this  relation  continuing 
two  years,  when  the  brother  removed  to  Lebanon. 
Mo.  '  In  1SSO   he  was  elected  judge  of  the   19th 
judicial  circuit,  comprising  the  counties  of  Craw- 
ford, Dent,  Phelps,  Pulaski  and  Texas.     He  was 
re-elected  in   1SS6   and   1892.     Before  completing 
his  third  term,  in  1896,  he  was  elected  associate 
judge  of  the  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals,  serving 
a    twelve-year   term,   and   being   defeated   for   re- 
election in  the  Republican  landslide  of  1908.     In 
1909  he  resumed  practice  at  Rolla,  and  was  also 
elected  president  of  the  Merchants'  and  Fanners 
Bank.     Not  alone  in  his  judicial  career,  but  also 
in  civic  and  educational  affairs,  he  always  played 
a  leading  and  distinguished  part.     In  his  fifty-four 
years  of  citizenship   at   Rolla  he  was  its  leading 
citizen.    Upon  the  organization  of  the  Rolla  school 
district   he   was    chosen    director;    served    on    the 
committee  of  citizens  that  secured  the  state  school 
of  mines  for  Rolla,  and  was  honored  by  three  Mis 
souri  governors  by  appointment  tp  the  board  of 
curators   of   the   University   of    Missouri,   serving 
fifteen   years.      He   was   the   first   captain   of   the 
Eolla  Light  Guards,  organized  in  1866;  served  sev- 
eral terms  as  mayor;  was  chief  advisor  and  coun- 
cillor of  the  Democratic  party  in  his  county,  re- 
peatedly serving  as  chairman  of  the  county  com- 
mittee.    He  was  the  first  president   of  the   19th 
Judicial  Circuit  Bar  Association,   serving  in  that 
capacity  until  his   death ;   was  worshipful  master 
of  his  Masonic  lodge;  worthy  patron  of  the  Order 
of  the   Eastern  Star,  and  a  communicant  of  the 
Methodist  church.     He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  reading.     In  every  civic,  social,  moral,  educa- 
tional or  judicial  organization  with  which  Judge 
Bland  was  associated   he   always  stood   out   as  a 
leader.  His  high  moral  character,  his  discreet  judg- 
ment, his  wise  leadership,  commanded  the  atten- 
tion and  respect  of  all  who  came  within  his  sphere 
of   influence.     During   his   half-century   career   as 
lawyer  and  judge  he  practiced  and  lived  up  to  the 
highest    ideals   of    his    profession,    and    as    judge 
made  a  most  enviable  record  for  judicial  fairness 
and   integrity.      His   opinions   as   appellate  judge 
will  stand  for  all  time  as  monuments  to  his  legal 
learning  and  judicial   acumen.     Next  to  the   law 
it  was  as  the  wise,  true,  devoted  friend  of  educa- 
tion that  he  was  best  known  and  aside  from  his 
service  as  curator  he  gave  freely  to  the  state  uni- 
versity as  a  member  of  long  standing  of  his  ex- 
crutive  committee.     He  was  married   (1)   in  1^72, 
to  Hattie  B.  Keene;   she  died  in  1888.     He  was 
married    (2)   at  Caledonia,  Mo.,  Apr.  25,  1889,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  George  Goodykoontz;   she  sur- 
vives  him  with   five  children  by  the  first   union: 
Harry    O.,    of    Tulsa,    Okla.;    Charles    P.,    of    St. 
Louis,  Mo.;   lone  Bland,  of  Hope,  Ark.;    Joseph, 


-    OF    AK-ERCAN  BiOGRAFnv 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGUAl'I!  V. 


2:55 


of  Preseott,  Ariz.;  George  E.,  of  Alton,  Okla. ; 
and  one  child  by  the  second  union:  Capt.  Clark 
C.  Bland,  U.  S.  A.  He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
Mar.  5,  1918. 

WARREN,  Edward  Kirk,  manufacturer,  capi- 
talist and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Ludlow,  Yt., 
Apr.  7,  1847,  sou  of  Waters  and  Caroline  Clarissa 
(Parsons)  Warren  and  a  descendant  of  Joseph 
Warren,  who  came  from  England  in  1635  in  the 
ship  Alice,  landed  in  Virginia  and  later  settled  in 
New  England.  Prom  this  first  ancestor  the  line  is 
traced  through  his  son  Jacob  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Hildreth;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife,  Kuth 
Wheeler;  their  son  Ephraim  and  his  wife,  Esther 
Parker:  their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife,  Tabitha 
Dustin,  and  their  son  John  and  his  wife,  Lydia. 
Chamberlain,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Ed- 
ward Kirk  Warren.  Thomas  Warren  was  a  revolu- 
tionary officer  who  fought  at  Bunker  Hill ;  he  was 
a  cousin  of  Gen.  Josiah  Warren.  Mr.  Warren 's 
father,  a  native  of  Ludlow,  Vt.,  was  a  Congrega- 
tional minister  and  sn  ardent  abolitionist.  The 
son  received  his  education  ill  pubfic  schools  at 
East  Berkshire,  Vt.,  and  Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  where 
his  father  preached.  He  was  variously  employed  at 
Three  Oaks  until  1868,  when  with  James  L.  McKie 
he  organized  the  firm  of.  McKie  &  Warren  for 
the  sale  of  general  merchandise.  The  business  was 
a  successful  one  and  in  1879  he  bought  out  the 
business  of  Henry  Chamberlain,  a  former  em- 
ployer in  Three  Oaks.  Because  his  customers  fre- 
quently complained  that  the  whalebone  dress  stiff- 
ening dried  out  and  became  brittle,  Mr.  Warren 
began  to  search  for  a  substitute.  On  his  purchas- 
ing trips  to  Chicago  he  called  at  a  feather  duster 
establishment  where  he  observed  large  piles  of 
turkey  wing  feathers  discarded  as  unsuitable  for 
feather  dusters.  In  these  rejected  feathers  he 
found  a  material  which  could  be  utilized  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  whalebone,  and  after  experimenting  for 
about  a  year  he  perfected  the  method  of  manufac- 
turing it  commercially,  which  is  as  follows:  Re- 
moving the  plumage  from  turkey  feathers,  the 
quills  are  split,  pithed  and  fibred  by  an  original 
mechanical  process,  after  which  the  fibres  are 
wound  into  a  continuous  cord.  These  cords  are 
combined  by  winding,  braiding  or  stitching  in 
varying  numbers  to  give  the  desired  size,  weight 
and  resiliency  in  the  finished  product,  and  it  is 
then  subjected  to  a  patented  process  to  give  it  uni- 
formity. A  patent  for  his  invention  which  he 
called  "Featherbone, "  was  granted  Oct.  3,  1883, 
and  he  organized  the  Warren  Featherbone  Co.  of 
Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  to  handle  it.  The  quality  and 
methods  of  use  of  Featherbone  were  so  different 
from  other  kinds  of  dress  stiffening^  that  it  became 
necessary  to  introduce  it  through  demonstrators. 
With  indomitable  will  and  unwavering  confidence  in 
the  ultimate  success  of  his  idea,  Mr.  Warren  was 
successful  in  creating  a  new  industry  and  estab- 
lishing a  large,  profitable  business.  As  the  enter- 
prise developed  he  withdrew  from  his  mercantile 
business  to  devote  his  sole  time  and  attention  to 
its  management  and  he  was  president  of  the 
company  until  his  death,  the  other  officers  being 
Charles  K.  Warren,  vice-president  and  general 
manager;  Frederic  W.  Chamberlain,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  Paul  C.  Warren,  assistant  treasurer. 
In  1902  he  organized  and  became  president  of  the 
banking  house  of  E.  K.  Warren  &  Co.  at  Three 
Oaks,  and  in  1909  established  a  modern  department 
store  under  the  name  of  Charles  K.  Warren  &  Co. 
He  was  largely  identified  with  the  civic  growth 
and  development  of  his  adopted  city,  having  served 
at  various  times  as  clerk,  treasurer  and  supervisor. 


He  established  the  Edward  K.  Warren  Foundation 
for  the  maintenance  of  two  areas  as  wild  life 
preserves  and  public  recreation  centers:  a  tract 
of  some  2i  MI  acres  of  primeval  forest,  known  as 
Warren  Woods,  and  another  of  equal  size  in  the 
sand  dune  region  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan, and  in  1916  he  founded  the  (.'hainberlain 
Memorial  Museum.  An  ardent  prohibitionist,  he 
consistently  combated  the  saloon,  and  for  years 
paid  into  the  city  treasury  the  money  it  would 
otherwise  have  received  from  the  last  remaining 
saloon  which  he  succeeded  in  closing.  As  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Congregational  church,  he  was  long 
interested  in  Sunday-school  work.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  central  committee  of  the  International 
Sunday  School  Association  of  North  America  in 
1884,  and  was  president  of  the  World's  Suudnv 
School  convention  held  in  Jerusalem  in  1904,  and 
president  of  the  International  Sunday  School  As- 
sociation in  1915.  As  chairman  of  the  World 's 
Sunday  School  executive  committee,  he  promoted 
the  excursion  to  the  Holy  Land  in  1904,  chartering 
the  ship  which  carried  800  delegates  from  North 
America,  and  he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  a 
committee  which  rendered  aid  to  the  ancient 
Samaritan  nation.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Michi- 
gan Historical  Society,  the  Wisconsin  Archaeolog- 
ical Society,  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  the 
Geographic  Society  of  Chicago,  and  the  Union 
League,  Congregational  and  Sunday  Evening  clubs 
of  Chicago.  He  was  extensively  interested  in 
farming  and  cattle  raising,  operating  a  farm  of 
2000  acres  near  Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  and  several 
large  cattle  ranches  in  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  old 
Mexico.  He  was  married  (1)  Nov.  3,  1867,  to 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  M.  Stevens  of 
Three  Oaks  who  died  in  1879,  leaving  two  children: 
Charles  K.  and  Edna  M.,  wife  of  George  A.  Lackey, 
and  (2)  Feb.  17,  1880,  to  Mary  Louise,  daughter 
of  Henry  Chamberlain,  a  merchant  of  Three  Oaks; 
who  survives  him  with  three  children:  Paul  Cham- 
berlain, Lydia,  wife  of  Frederic  W.  Chamberlain, 
and  Frederick  Parsons  Warren.  He  died  at  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  Jan.  16,  1919. 

BUFFUM.  William  Potter,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  at  Middletown,  R.  I.,  Aug.  29,  1858,  son  of 
Thomas  Barker  and  Lydia  R.  (Potter)  Buffum. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Robert  Buffum,  who  came  from  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, and  settled  at  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1638.  He 
took  to  wife  the  widow,  Tamosine  Thompson,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Caleb  and  his  wife  Hannah  Pope;  their 
son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Buxton; 
their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Margaret  Osborne; 
their  son  David  and  his  wife  Hepzibah  (Mitchell") 
Chase,  to  their  son  David  and  his  wife  Susan  Ann 
Barker,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  William 
Potter  Buffum.  These  ancestors  were  all  Quakers, 
as  most  of  the  family  have  since  been.  Joseph 
Buffum  (IV)  owned  all  of  the  land  where  now 
is  the  village  of  Slatersville,  R.  I.  David  Buffum 
(V)  was  a  noted  Quaker  preacher  of  Newport. 
Thomas  Barker  Buffum,  father  of  the  subject, 
was  a  Quaker  preacher  anil  farmer.  William 
Potter  Buffum  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  Friends'  Boarding  School,  now  the  Moses 
Brown  School,  Providence,  and  was  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1879  with  the  degree  A.B. 
In  1886  he  began  the  practice  of  civil  engineering 
at  Newport  in  association  with  J.  P.  Cotton,  which 
relation  was  maintained  until  1892,  after  which 
he  practiced  independently,  but  in  1907  practically 
retired  from  active  business,  retaining  residence 
at  Newport.  During  1894-98  he  served  as  a  mem- 


236 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


ber  of  the  Rhode  Island  house  of  representatives,  service  at   this  church  continued  until  the  begin- 

He   has   been   trustee   of   Newport   Hospital   since  ning   of   1892,   when   he   became   pastor   emeritus. 

1896;    and    President    since    1902,    trustee    Rhode  At   the  time  of   the   Civil   war   he   wrote   a   brief 

Island  State  Sanatorium   since   190S,   and   he   is  a  biography  of  Lieut.  Edward  F.  Huntting,  who  fell 

trustee   of   the   Savings   Bank   of   Newport,   and   a  in    the    battle    of   Olustee;    of    this    pamphlet,    en- 


director    of    the    Redwood    Library,    of    Newport,    titled,  "Ready  for  Duty,"  many  thousand  copies 
He  was  married  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  Apr.  5,  1883,    were  distributed  among  the  soldiers.     In  1S65  he 
to  Joanna   Sophia,  daughter  of  Anthony  M.  Kim 
ber,  of  Germantown;  they  have  two  children:  Mar 
garet,  who  became  the  wife  of  Charles  Carter  Wai 


published    a    volume    of    addresses    and    sermons. 
As  the  Southold  Chureh  was  formed  Oct.  21,  1640, 
it  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  United  States,  and 
bridge,  of  Philadelphia.,  and  William  Potter,  Jr.,    Dr.  Whitaker  named  his  first  volume,  "New  Fruits 


a  physician  of  Providence,  R.   I.     A  second  son,  from  an   Old   Field."     In    1880   he  delivered   an 

Marmaduke  Cope,  died  in  1913,  while  a  senior  in  elaborate  historical  address  at  the  bicentennial  an- 

Brown  University,  in  his  twenty-second  year.  niversary  of  the  organization  of  the  church  in  Fair- 

McCOY,  James  H.,  jurist,  was  born  at  Oakley,  field,  N.  J.,  and  the  centennial  of  their  stone  house 


law  school  of  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University  at  tended  the  printing  of  the  Town  Records  of 
Bloomington,  where  he  received  his  degree  of  LL.B.  Southold,  in  two  volumes,  made  for  a  hundred  and 
in  1880.  He  immediately  began  the  practice  of  his  fifty  years  from  1651  onward.  In  1S83  he  pub- 
profession  in  Decatur,  where  he  remained  for  five  lished  a  sketch  of  Suffolk  county  and  proposed  a 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Britton,  Dakota  terri-  public  celebration  of  the  two  hundredth  aimiver- 
tory.  He  practiced  in  that  city  and  Webster,  S.  sary  of  its  formation,  delivering  also  an  address 
Dak.,  for  the  next  fifteen  years  winning  promi-  at  the  celebration.  He  proposed  the  celebration  of 
nence  in  his  chosen  profession.  In  1901  he  was  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
called  to  the  bench  of  the  state  circuit  court  for  formation  of  the  town  and  the  church  of  Southold. 
the  fifth  circuit,  and  in  April,  1909,  was  appointed  was  chairman  of  the  joint  committee  and  execu- 
judge  of  the  state  supreme  court,  and  in  the  follow-  tive  committee  appointed  to  superintend  the  prep- 
ing  year  succeeded  himself  by  election.  The  rule  arations,  and  edited  and  wrote  a  part  of  the  oc- 
of  rotation  in  the  presiding  "office  led  to  his  be-  tavo  volume  of  220  pages  containing  the  pro- 
coming  presiding  judge  or  chief  justice  on  Jan.  ceedings  of  the  celebration.  He  also  collected 


1,  If>f2,~and  again  in  1914.  Judge  McCoy  is  a  about  $800  and  c:.  1  a  granite  monument  on 
member  of  the  Masonic  order,  the  Knight:;  of  the  site  of  the  first  meeting  house  to  commemorate 
Pvthias  and  the  Phi  Delta  Phi  fraternity.  He  was  the  founders  of  the  town  ami  church.  In  1894  he 
married  June  27,  1883,  to  Hannah  F.  Heath,  of  published  "Leaves  of  All  Seasons;  Hymns  and 
Oakley,  111.  Other  Verses,"  including  translations  from  emi- 

WHITAKER,   Epher,   clergyman,  was  born  in    ncnt  French  and  German  poets.   Among  the  histori- 
Fairfield,   Cumberland   co.,   N.   J.,  Mar.  27,   1820,    cal  pamphlets  which  he  wrote  are  the  following: 
son  of  Reuel  and  Sarah  (WestcotO  Whitaker,  and    "New   Haven    Colony's   Adventure   on   the    Dela- 
a    descendant    of    Richard   Whitaker,    of   London,   ware  Bay " ;  "  The  American  Union  of  Church  and 
England,  who  came  to  Salem,  N.  J.,  in  1675.   Rich-    State";  "  Early  Presbyterianism  on  Long  Island" 
ard  was  one  of  the  Council  of  the  Proprietors,  an  1    "The   Growth   of   Suffolk   County";    "The   Last 
continued  in  this  office  until  the  formation  of  the    Fifty  Years  of  Suffolk  County."     He  was  moder- 
provincial   government;    from    him    and   his   wife    atur  of  the  Synod  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey 
Elizabeth   (Provoe)   Adkin,  the  line  of  descent  is   in  I860,  and  of  the  Synod  of  Long  Island  in  1871. 
traced  through  their  son  Nathaniel  and  his   wife,    He  was  a  contributor  of  historical  and  biographical 
Mary  (Abbot)  Dixon;  their  son,  Ambrose,  and  his    articles    to    various    cyclopaedias,    including    the 
wife',  Freelove  Stratton;   and  their  son,  Nathaniel,    "Encyclopaedia  Britanuica."     Dr.  Whitaker  was 
and  his  wife,  Lydia  Whitaker,  who  were  the  grand-    an  honorary  member  of  the  New  Haven  Colony 
parents  of  our  subject.     His  maternal  great-grand-    Historical  Society,  was  prominent  in  the  organiza- 
fathers,  Samuel  Westcott  and  Jeremiah  Bennett,    tion  of  the  Suffolk  County  Historical  Society,  of 
were  captains  in  the  Revolutionary  war  and  his  ma-    which  he  was  vice-president  from  its  organization 
ternal  grandfather,  John  Westcott,  was  an  officer  in    until  his  death ;  was  a  councilor  of  the  Long  Island 
thewarof  1812.   Epher  Whitaker  lived  on  his  father's    Historical   Society,   and   a   corresponding   member 
farm  and  attended  the  public  schools  until  he  was    of  the  New  York  Genealogical  and  Biographical 
fifteen   years   of   age,   then  entered  the   office,  in    Society.    For  forty-seven  years  he  was  stated  clerk 
Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  of  the  "West  Jersey  Observer,"    of  the   Presbytery   of  Long   Island.     During   his 
which  was  soon  after  united  with  the  "  Washington    pastorate  Dr.  Whitaker  served  as  member  of  the 
Whig,"  and  published  under  the  name  of  "Bridge-    General  Assembly  of  the   Presbyterian   church  in 
ton    Chronicle."      He    remained   in   this   printing    the  United  States  at  its  annual  sessions  in  1X53-57- 
office    eight    years,    with    the    exception     of    six    60-64-6D-75-S8.     He  received  the  degrees  of  A.B., 
months,   in   1841,  when   he  was   employed   in   the    A.M.   and   D.D.   from  Delaware   College,   and   the 
office    of    the    "Norfolk    and    Portsmouth    Daily    honorary   degree   of   A.M.   from   Yale   College   in 
Herald,"  of  Virginia.     In  his  nineteenth  year  he    1867.    After  forty  years  of  diligent  and  successful 
was   admitted   to   full   communion   in   the  "Second   service   in    the    pastorate    of    the    historic    First 
Presbyterian   Church   of   Bridgeton,   N.   J.,  which   Church    of    Southold    he    retired.      He   was    often 
church   had  been  recently  organized,  and  he  was   called  "Suffolk's  First  Citizen."     In  191.~i,  in  his 
the   first   person   admitted   to   its   membership   on   ninety-sixth  year,  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
confession  of  faith.     He  was  graduated  at  Dela-    celebration  of  the  275th  anniversary  of  the  forma- 
ware  College  with  honors  in  1847,  and  at  the  Union    tion  of  the  town  and  church  of  Southold.     He  was 
Theological  Seminary,  in  1851,  and  in  September    married  Jan.  28,  1852,  to  Hannah  Maria,  daughter 
of  that  year  was  installed  pastor  of  the  Presby-    of  William  Burton  Force,  of  Hanover,  N.  J.     Of 
teriau   Church    of   Southold.   L.    I.      His   pastoral    this    union    four    children    were    born:      William 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


237 


Force  (q.v.,  deceased)  ;  Sarah  (deceased)  ;  Martha 
(deceased)  ;  and  E.  Bertha  Whitaker.  He  died  at 
Southold,  L.  I.,  Sept.  1.  1916. 

WHITAKER,  William  Force,  clergyman,  was 
liorn  at  Southold,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  May  6,  1853, 
son  of  Rev.  Epher  (q.v.)  and  Hannah  Maria 
(Force)  Whitaker.  William  F.  Whitaker  was  pre- 
pared for  college  at  the  Southold  Academy;  was 
graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  in  1873,  and  at  the  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  New  York  city,  in  1S76, 
when  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  him  the  honor- 
ary degree  of  A.M.  Entering  the  Presbytery  of 
Long  Island,  he  hecame  acting  pastor  at  Bridge- 
linmpton,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1877  was  chosen  first 
pastor  of  St.  Cloud  Presbyterian  Church,  Orange, 
N.  J.,  his  call  being  written  by  Gen.  George  B. 
McCIellan,  one  of  the  officers  of  the  church.  In 
1  y4  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  which  was 
founded  in  1763.  The  Albany  pastorate,  like  the 
Orange  pastorate,  was  very  successful,  and  while 
in  that  field  Dr.  Whitaker  aroused  the  people  of 
the  capital  city  to  a  greater  appreciation  of  the 
lives  of  patriots,  and  a  sense  of  responsibility  for 
permanent  records.  There  were  many  accessions 
to  the  church,  and  friendships  were  formed  that 
were  enduring.  In  Albany,  during  1898-1908,  he 
was  chaplain  of  the  Philip  Livingston  chapter, 
Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  was  active  in  the  move- 
ment to  erect  the  memorial  in  Washington  Park 
to  Col.  Marinus  Willett,  and  in  other  measures  to 
preserve  the  memory  of  noted  persons  and  his- 
toric places.  In  1907  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  and  he  entered  upon  his  new  duties 
with  zest  and  ability.  This  church  was  founded 
in  1664,  and  when  the  city  of  Elizabeth,  and  this 
church,  in  1914,  celebrated  the  250th  anniversary 
of  their  formation,  the  memorable  success  of  the 
celebration  was  due  in  a  very  large  degree  to  Dr. 
Whitaker  "s  personal  interest  and  energetic  work. 
He  appreciated  the  fact  that  a  surprisingly  large 
number  of  men  from  this  church  were  officers  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  and  with  rare  enthusiasm 
and  great  patience  he  gathered  many  historical 
fragments  of  local  interest  and  enriched  the  church 
with  a  treasury  of  mementos  and  of  priceless  ma- 
terial which  will  inspire  larger  appreciation  of  the 
historic  past,  and  incite  to  greater  patriotic  de- 
votion in  the  future.  It  is  an  interesting  coincid- 
ence that  he  was  connected  in  his  boyhood  with  the 
oldest  church  for  English  speaking  people  in  the 
state  of  New  York,  and  in  his  last  pastorate  witli 
the  oldest  one  founded,  in  English,  in  the  state  of 
New  Jersey.  Perhaps  no  other  religious  society 
in  the  land  took  a  bolder  and  nobler  stand  for 
American  independence  than  this  colonial  church 
of  Elizabeth,  having  in  its  membership  William 
Livingston,  Elias  Boudinot,  Elias  Dayton,  Francis 
Barber,  and  other  prominent  statesmen  and  soldiers, 
and  Abraham  Clark,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  This  church  probably  sent  more 
men  and  officers  into  the  colonial  army,  in  pro- 
portion to  its  size,  than  almost  any  other  one  in 
the  country,  and  Dr.  Whitaker  found  time  for 
the  collation  of  records  and  for  investigation  con- 
cerning the  details  of  the  services  rendered  to  the 
country  by  men  and  women  who  had  been  en- 
rolled in  the  membership  of  the  church.  Dr. 
Whitaker  served  as  commissioner  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  1886, 
1892,  and  1896;  was  vice-moderator  of  the  New 
York  Synod  in  1897;  was  stated  clerk  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Morris  and  Orange,  N.  J.,  for  many 


years;  and  also  permanent  clerk  of  the  New  Jersey 
Synod.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  direc- 
tors of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  from 
1894  until  his  death,  and  a  commissioner  of  Auburn 
Theological  Seminary  from  1901  to  1906.  During 
V.H1-13  he  was  vice-president  of  the  Board  of 
Church  Erection  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
in  1913-15  was  chaplain  general  of  the  National 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Suffolk  Countv  His- 
torical Society  and  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  col- 
lege fraternity.  He  spent  much  time  in  travel,  and 
was  the  author  of  "Swiss  Travel"  (1889); 
"  Southold  's  Centuries"  (1890);  and  "The  Debt 
of  the  United  States  to  France"  (1902).  A 
scholar  from  his  college  days,  he  won  the  senior 
prize  in  Greek;  delivered  the  Latin  salutatory  at 
commencement  in  1876,  and  was  a  conspicuous 
member  of  his  class,  and  the  leader  of  the  Glee 
Club.  He  was  a  gifted  orator.  He  was  ever  in 
demand  as  a  speaker  upon  occasions  where  loyalty 
and  broad  patriotism  could  be  exalted.  His  many 
patriotic  addresses  in  different  cities  before  vari- 
ous societies  were  in  a  high  degree  memorable. 
The  life  of  young  people  was  dear  to  his  thought 
and  heart,  and  in  the  highest  and  noblest  sense 
he  was  a  minister,  ministering  constantly  and  un- 
selfishly to  all  the  people.  In  his  entire  service 
he  never  forgot  those  who  had  a  claim  upon  his 
time,  and  thought,  and  strength,  and  love.  In  all 
things  he  was  "a  workman,  who  needed  not  to  be 
ashamed. ' '  The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Union  College  in  1899.  He  was 
unmarried.  He  died  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  July  9, 
1916. 

PATTEN,  John  Alanson,  manufacturer  and 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Delavan,  111.,  Sept.  27, 
1S67,  son  of  George  Washington  and  Charlotte 
(Holmes)  Patten.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  William  Patten,  a  native  of  Somer- 
set, who  came  from  England  about  1630  and  set- 
tled at  Cambridge,  Mass.  From  him  and  his  wife 
Mary  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Rebecca  Paine;  their 
sou  William  and  his  wife  Mary  Rogers;  their  son 
Thomas  and  his  wife  Miriam  Stearns ;  their  son 
William  and  his  wife  Rebecca  Brown;  their  son 
Jonathan  and  his  wife  Weltha  Davenport;  their 
son  John  A.  Patten  and  his  wife  Betsy  Cartter, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  John  Alanson 
Patten.  William  Patten  (I)  was  a  member  of  the 
Ancient  and  Honourable  Artillery  Company  of  Bos- 
ton. Thomas  Patten  (II)  established  the  family 
homestead  at  Billerica,  Mass.  William  Patten 
(  V)  served  three  years  in  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion. Jonathan  Patten  (VI)  removed  to  West- 
moreland, N.  Y.,  in  1792,  settling  at  Lowville,  that 
state,  in  1801.  George  Washington  Patten,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Wilna,  N.  Y.,  served 
three  years  in  the  Federal  army  during  the  civil 
war,  attaining  rank  of  captain  and  brevet  major, 
and  subsequently  becoming  farmer,  merchant  and 
manufacturer.  Our  subject,  John  Alansou  Patt.'n 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  received 
the  degree  LL.D.  in  1911  from  Baker  University. 
At  seventeen  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Chat- 
tanooga Medicine  Co.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  as  of- 
fice boy;  became  its  secretary  in  1891,  and  was 
managing  partner  and  principal  owner,  in  asso- 
ciation with  his  brother,  Z.  C.  Patten,  Jr.,  from 
1906.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Chattanooga 
Packet  Co.,  Tennessee  River  Navigation  Co.,  Pat- 
ten Manufacturing  ('"..  makers  of  electric  hoists 
and  machinery,  Gladstone  Springs  Co.,  Chatta- 
nooga Trust  Co.,  Bee  Dee  Stock  Medicim-  Co., 


038  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

and  a  director  in  many  other  firms,  among  regiment  was  ordered  South  he  was  unable  to  ac- 
them  the  Acme  Furniture  Co.,  Chattanooga  company  it.  Upon  the  recovery  of  his  health,  he 
Savings  Bank,  and  Volunteer  State  Life  Insurance  returned  to  the  machinist's  work,  entering  the 
Co.,  while  he  was  a  dominant  factor  in  the  affairs  employ  of  a  sewing  machine  company  at  Winchen- 
of  the  First  National  Bank  and  various  other  don,  where  he  remained  a  year  and  a  half.  Sub- 
financial  as  well  as  commercial  and  industrial  un-  sequently  he  worked  for  the  Smith  &  Wesson  Arms 
dertakings.  During  1003-06  he  was  half-owner  of  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass.,  the  Remington  Arms  Co., 
the  Stone  Fort  Land  Co.,  which  purchased  and  im-  Ilion,  N.  Y.;  for  a  lock  company  founded  by 
proved  six  blocks  in  the  center  of  Chattanooga.  Linus  Yale,  Sr.,  at  Newport,  N.  Y.,  and  for  Linus 
Seventy  thousand  yards  of  rock  and  dirt  were  re-  Yale,  Jr.,  at  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.,  where  Mr. 
moved  to  bring  this  property  to  street  grade,  and  Yale  was  operating  what  has  since  become  the 
the  undertaking  was  regarded  as  an  epoch  in  the  Yale  &  Towne  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Stamford, 
development  of  Chattanooga.  Building  improve-  In  the  spring  of  1869  Mr.  Taylor  removed  with 
ments  on  the  property  include  the  city  hall,  Hotel  the  business  to  Stamford,  Conn.,  and  continued  in 
Patten,  and  the  homes  of  the  leading  jobbing  employ  of  the  company  during  the  remainder  of 
houses  of  the  city.  He  was  an  indefatigable  and  his  life.  Mr.  Taylor 's  connection  with  the  Yale 
enthusiastic  worker  in  everything  to  which  he  gave  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co.  antedated,  at  the  time  of 
his  support.  He  found  time,  in  the  midst  of  the  his  death,  that  of  any  person  associated  with  the 
hcnvy  demands  of  his  private  business  interests,  company,  and  during  the  many  years  of  his  serv- 
to  do  a  great  deal  of  work  for  the  development  of  ice  in  the  company  he  was  associated  with  nearly 
the  Tennessee  river,  and  one  of  his  ambitions  was  every  branch  which  its  operations  cover.  At  the 
the  building  of  a  great  hydro-electric  power  plant  beginning  of  his  service  he  was  associated  with 
at  Mussel  Shoals  on  that  river,  near  Sheffield,  Ala.  the  bank-lock  department,  and  at  the  end  was  the 
He  was  president  of  the  Tennessee  Eiver  Improve-  head  of  the  department.  For  about  ten  years  Mr. 
ment  Association;  director  National  Rivers  and  Taylor  was  general  superintendent  of  the  Yale  & 
Harbors  Congress;  president  for  two  terms  Chat-  Towne  Mfg.  Co.  When  the  business  developed  and 
tanooga  chamber  of  commerce;  member  committee  became  more  complicated,  he  preferred  to  confine 
which  prepared  the  present  charter  of  Chatta-  his  work  to  one  department,  and  when  Frederick 
nooga,  and  for  five  years  a  member  of  the  Hamil-  T.  Towne  was  made  general  superintendent  of  the 
ton  county  board  of  education.  He  was  for  years  Stamford  plant,  Mr.  Taylor  was  assigned  to  the 
chairman  of  the  book  committee  Methodist  Epis-  bank-lock  department.  He  was  thoroughly 
copal  church,  and  president  general  laymen 's  asso-  familiar  with  everything  that  had  been  accom- 
ciation  of  that  church.  He  was  president  of  the  plished  in  lock  making.  The  art  was  to  him  an 
trustees  of  Chattanooga  University;  a  trustee  of  open  book,  and  when  an  invention  appeared  he 
Goucher  College,  Baltimore;  of  Inter  Church  Col-  knew  at  a  glance  whether  or  not  it  was  a  new 
lege,  Nashville,  and  vice-president  of  the  confer-  idea.  Most  of  his  own  inventions  had  to  do  with 
ence  for  education  and  industry  in  the  South.  He  pin  tumbler  locks.  He  also  invented  the  corrugated 
was  a  member  of  the  Chattanooga  Manufacturers'  key  which  added  greatly  to  the  security  of  the 
Association,  Young  Men 's  Christian  Association,  lock,  and  to  the  security  and  certainty  of  its 
Commercial  and  Country  clubs,  Chattanooga,  and  operation.  He  made  a  number  of  notable  inven- 
the  Aldine  Club,  New  York  city.  He  wrote  fre-  tions  in  connection  with  post-office  lock  boxes, 
quently  for  the  newspaper  press,  especially  in  re-  fundamental  improvements  in  prison  locks,  and 
gard  to  waterways  improvement,  educational  many  very  important  bank-lock  inventions.  The 
topics,  and  the  modern  laymen's  movement.  He  officers  of  the  Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co.  and  his 
was  a  leader  in  many  Chattanooga  activities  and  fellow  directors  had  great  confidence  in  Mr.  Tay- 
throughout  the  entire  section.  His  philanthropises  lor 's  sound  judgment  and  business  ability,  and 
to  charitable  institutions  were  large  and  extended  sought  his  advice  on  many  matters  of  importance, 
from  many  important  public  benefactions  to  help  He  possessed  considerable  Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co. 
given  to  struggling  schools  and  other  organiza-  stock,  was  at  tpies  a  large  investor  in  real  estate, 
tions  in  rural  communities.  He  was  married  Oct.  and  was  a  director  of  the  Fidelity  Title  &  Trust 
2,  1890,  to  Edith,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  J.  Co.  and  the  Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co.  During  his 
Manker,  of  Athens,  Tenn. ;  she  survives  him,  with  entire  life  in  Stamford  he  took  an  active  interest 
six  children:  Charlotte  Patten  Guerry,  David  in  public  affairs.  He  served  as  a  burgess  during 
Manker,  Edith  Isabel  Abshire,  John  A.,  jr.,  Tar-  the  old  borough  government,  and  under  the  city 
bell,  and  Lupton  Patten.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  government  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  ap- 
Apr.  26,  1916.  propriation  and  apportionment.  He  was  one  of 

TAYLOR,  Warren  Howard,  inventor,  was  the  charter  members  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and 
born  in  Winchendon,  Mass.,  February  17,  1846,  for  many  years  one  of  its  directors.  His  wide 
sou  of  Stillman  and  Adelaide  (Tenney)  Taylor,  range  of  knowledge,  long  experience  and  good 
His  father  was  a  farmer,  painter  and  decorator,  judgment  were  appreciated  in  all  discussions  of 
The  son  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  community  problems,  especially  those  connected 
schools  of  Wiuchendon  and  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H.,  with  the  material  developments'  of  Stamford.  As 
whither  his  family  removed  during  his  boyhood,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Burgesses,  Mr.  Taylor 
As  a  youth  he  was  apprenticed  to  his  uncle,  George  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  fire  department 
W.  Davis,  of  Miltord,  N.  H.,  to  learn  the  ma-  and  it  was  during  his  regime  that  the  department 
chinist's  trade,  and  there  he  laid  the  foundation  was  reorganized  and  steam  engines  took  the  place 
of  a  career  which  at  the  time  of  his  death  found  of  hand  engines.  He  was  a  citizen  who  honored 
him  the  greatest  bank-lock  and  fine-lock  expert  in  the  community  in  which  he  dwelt,  and  commanded 
the  United  States,  having  to  his  credit  more  than  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  him.  In  politics  he 
200  inventions.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  was  a  Democrat,  and  his  clubs  were:  Democratic 
he  was  quite  young  but  was  imbued  with  a  desire  and  Reform  of  New  York  city  (and  Suburban  and 
to  go  to  the  front  and  fight  in  the  Federal  cause.  Stamford  Yacht  of  Stamford.  He  was  a  member 
He  assisted  in  recruiting  a  company  for  a  New  of  the  Union  Lodge  No.  5,  and  Rittenhouse  Chap- 
Hampshire  regiment  in  which  he  had  enlisted,  but  ter,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Rippowan  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
a  severe  sickness  overtook  him  and  when  his  and  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


239 


Engineers.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  To  Ida 
M.  Tyler,  of  Newport,  N.  Y. ;  the  only  surviving 
child  of  this  marriage  is  Grace  1.,  who  married 
H.  S.  Vandemark  of  New  York  city.  Mrs.  Taylor 
died  in  1893,  and  he  was  married  (2)  June  2, 
1894,  to  Virginia  Reynolds,  daughter  of  Henry 
Pardon  Barney  of  Newport,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
children  of  this  marriage  are:  Hazel  Virginia 
who  married  Arthur  W.  Bell;  Warren  H.,  Jr., 
and  Rodney  Tenny  Taylor.  Mr.  Taylor  died  in 
Stamford,  Conn.,  June  11,  1014. 

MOVITJS,  John  Henry,  banker,  real  estate 
operator,  capitalist,  was  horn  at  Gollnow,  Pom- 
merania,  Germany,  June  24.  1860,  son  of  John 
Wilhelm  Martin  and  Henriette  (Bratz)  Movius. 
The  family  is  an  ancient  one.  Tradition  has  it 
that  when  Caesar  invaded  Gaul  he  left  one  Movius, 
an  officer  of  the  Roman  army,  in  the  upper  Rhine 
provinces  as  governor  general.  Rambau  von  der 
Movius  had  a  castle  at  Wartislaf,  near  Stettin,  in 
1463,  and  is  mentioned  in  the  records  as  knight 
and  lord.  John  Wilhelm  Martin  Movius,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  educated  for  the  medical  pro- 
fession, but  instead  operated  flour  mills  at  Kuh- 
Mank  and  Trutzlatz,  also  at  Jakobshagen;  he  came 
to  America  with  his  family  in  1867,  settling  in 
Pope  co.,  Minn.,  on  what  is  now  Lake  Minne- 
waska.  Subsequently  he  founded  Inkpa  City,  now 
Big  Stone  City,  where  he  was  proprietor  of  a  mill, 
and  afterwards  practiced  medicine  at  Sleepy  Eye 
niiil  later  at  New  Ulm,  Minn.,  where  he  died 
Oft.  21,  1877.  John  Henry  Movius  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  New  Ulm 
and  by  private  tutors  at  Big  Stone  City.  He 
began  his  business  career  at  Big  Stone  City 
in  1883  as  a  dealer  in  farm  implements,  in  asso- 
ciation with  a  brother,  under  the  firm  name  of 
E.  A.  &  J.  H.  Movius.  In  1887  he  removed  to 
Lidgerwood,  D.  T.  (now  N.  D.),  added  other  lines 
of  merchandise  to  the  stock  in  trade,  and  also  en- 
tered the  real  estate  field,  all  under  the  firm  style 
of  Movius  Bros.  In  1SP4  he  organized  the  Movius 
State  Bank,  with  capital  of  ten  thousand  dollars, 
and  of  which  he  became  cashier,  and  his  brother 
and  partner,  president.  Ten  years  later  this  in- 
stitution became  the  First  National  Bank  of  Lid- 
gerwood, with  capital  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and 
of  which  he  is  now  vice-president  and  chairman, 
board  of  directors.  In  1900  he  organized  the  Veb- 
len  (S.  D.)  State  Bank,  which  in  1906  became  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Veblen,  and  of  which  in- 
stitution he  has  since  been  president.  He  was  the 
organizer,  in  1905,  and  has  since  been  president 
of  the  Farmers'  State  Bank,  Great  Bend,  N.  D. 
Since  1909  he  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Ger- 
man State  Bank,  of  Mott,  N.  D.,  which  he  like- 
wise founded,  and  he  is  director  and  chief  owner 
of  the  First  State  Bank,  Lake  City,  S.  D.  In 
1903  he  incorporated,  and  became  president  and 
general  manager,  of  the  Movius  Land  &  Loan  Co., 
Lidgerwood.  In  1909  the  capital  stock  was  increased 
from  $35,000  to  $250,000.  In  1912  impaired 
health  necessitated  his  resignation  as  president, 
but  he  subsequently  became  secretary  and  later 
president  and  still  continues  in  that  capacity.  In 
1906  he  incorporated  the  Movius  Mercantile  Co., 
capital  $75,000,  and  of  which  he  became  vice-presi- 
dent, for  the  purpose  of  conducting  a  department 
store  at  Lidgerwood.  The  store  and  stock  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1912,  and  the  business  was 
discontinued.  In  1900  he  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Movius  Lumber  Co.,  a  copartnership, 
which  business  was  sold  out  in  1914.  In  1901  he 
organized  the  Movius  Elevator  Co.,  and  erected  at 
Lidgerwood  a  40,000-bushel  capacity  grain  elevator. 


In  1898  he  organized  the  Canada  &  Dakota  Land 
Co.,  with  three  of  his  brothers  as  equal  partners, 
and  himself  as  general  manager.  This  company 
has  had  large  transactions  in  Canadian  lands,  anil 
is  rated  as  one  of  the  prosperous  realty  concerns 
of  the  northwest.  In  1910  he  was  one  of  the  ^cor- 
porators of  the  Canada  and  Northwest  Farm  Com- 
pany which  has  a  capital  paid  of  $90,000,  of  which 
he  is  president  and  manager.  They  have  extensive 
land  holdings  in  Alberta.  In  1908  he  incorporated 
the  Lidgerwood  Auto  &  Machine  Co.,  which  is  en- 
gaged in  the  implement  trade.  President  McKinley 
appointed  Mr.  Movius  postmaster  at  Lidgerwood, 
and  during  his  period  of  service  the  office  was  raised 
from  a  fourth  to  a  third  class  postoffice.  He  was 
an  original  trustee  of  the  North  Dokota  State 
School  of  Science,  Wahpeton,  serving  two  terms  of 
two  years  each;  during  1902-8  he  served  as  presi- 
dent of  the  Lidgerwood  board  of  education.  He 
is  a  32d  degree  Mason,  has  held  various  Masonic 
offices ;  is  past  noble  grand  of  his  lodge,  Independ- 
ent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  also  of  Rebecca  lodge 
of  that  order,  and  was  formerly  an  officer  in  the 
grand  lodge  of  North  Dakota.  He  holds  member- 
ship in  the  Lidgerwood  Commercial  Club,  also  in 
the  Minneapolis  Athletic  Club,  Minneapolis.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  travel,  and  has  visited 
the  principal  cities  and  countries  of  Europe.  He 
was  married  Jan.  1,  1895,  to  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Charles  Wagner,  of  Lidgerwood,  N.  D. ;  they 
have  five  children:  Eva  Henrietta  (1895)  ;  Charles 
Emil  (1897),  attended  No.  Dakota  University  two 
years,  entered  Municipal  Pier,  Chicago,  Naval 
Training  School,  1918,  subsequent  Pelham  Bay, 
N.  Y.,  and  is  now  (1919)  ensign  on  TJ.  S.  S.  Cleve- 
land of  the  Pacific  fleet  guarding  II.  S.  interests  in 
Guatemala;  Helen  Gretchen  (1S9S),  Vassal-  Col- 
lege '18,  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  bureau  of 
standards,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Virginia  (1901),  and 
Gilbert  Hurst  (1903).  (Portrait  opposite  page  24U.) 
HUNDLEY,  Oscar  K.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Limestone  county,  Ala.,  Oct.  30,  1855,  son  of  Or- 
villa  M.  and  Mary  E.  Hundley.  He  received  a 
thorough  classical  education,  and  was  graduated 
at  Vanderbilt  University,  with  the  degree  of  LL.B., 
in.  1877.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Alabama 
in  the  following  year,  and  at  once  opened  an 
office  for  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Hunts- 
ville,  where  he  acquired  a  large  and  lucrative  law 
business.  In  1884  he  became  division  counsel  of 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  rail- 
way, and  thereafter  devoted  his  attention  chiefly 
to  corporation  law  and  railroad  practice.  In  1886 
he  was  elected  city  attorney  of  Huntsville,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  elected  to  the  Alabama  house 
of  representatives,  serving  two  terms.  In  the  legis- 
lature he  was  the  father  of  laws  providing  for 
special  local  taxation  for  public  schools,  and  he  was 
author  of  the  Hundley  amendment  to  the  Alabama 
constitution,  which,  though  at  first  defeated,  has 
finally  been  adopted,  and  made  part  of  the  constitu- 
tion. At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  returned 
to  the  upper  house,  serving  two  terms,  until  lvnx. 
He  was  the  Republican  nominee  for  United  States 
congress  in  the  eighth  Alabama  district  in  1VH'., 
but  was  defeated  by  Gen.  .Joseph  Wheeler.  In 
T.HI7  he  was  appointed,  by  Pres.  Roosevelt,  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of 
Alabama,  and  served  on  that  bench  for  three  years. 
In  1902-03,  1908-09,  1915-16  Judge  Hundley  was 
a  member  of  the  general  council  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  and  a  vice-president  of  that  body. 
In  1907  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Marietta  College,  of  Marietta, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  commissioner  to  the  Chicago  expo- 


240 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


sition  in  1893,  and  was  a  member  of  the  committee  stannate  from  tin  scraps  in  Philadelphia.  He  sub- 
on  judiciary,  and  secretary  of  the  Bureau  of  sequent!}-  became  the  chief  chemist  of  t lie  Taeony 
Awards  He  was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  Ee-  Chemical  Works  of  Philadelphia.  In  18/0  he  ex- 
publican  national  convention  hi  1904,  serving  as  amined  for  the  Lenmg  Co.  several  old  silver  mines 
chairman  of  the  Alabama  delegation.  He  was  in  Mexico,  traveling  much  ot  the  distance  by  stage 
married  June  24,  1897,  to  Bossie,  daughter  of  coach,  enduring  many  hardships,  and  having  sev- 
Hon  Frank  P.  O  'Brien,  of  Birmingham,  Ala.,  and  eral  exciting  encounters  with  the  Apache  Indians 
has  one  child-  Margaret  Davis  Hundley.  In  1872  he  joined  the  faculty  of  the  University  of 
JENSON,  Andrew,  merchant  and  banker,  was  Pennsylvania  as  assistant  protessor  ot  chemistry 


born  in  Sandsvar,  near  Kongsberg,  Norway,  June    and   mineralogy,   continuing   seven   years   in   that 
4    1843,  son  of  .lens  and  Anna  Maria  (Olsen)  Jen-    capacity,  and  during  18,11-'  2  he  was  protessor  ot 
son.    He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native    mineralos^and  geology -- 
country, 
sin, 


From 


in  association  with  Thomas  Hutson.     In  ISS.j  he   any  educational  institution  in  the  United  States, 
built    at   Edgerton,  Wis.,  the  largest  brick  ware-    A  number  of  his  patents  have  been  of  great  value 
house  then  in  the  state,  and  for  years  thereafter    to  scientists.     In  1897  he  invented  a  new  method 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  largest  packers  of    of  assaying  without  muffle,  ami  later  took  out  a 
Wisconsin  tobacco.    His  sons,  J.  Alfred  and  Oscar    patent   on   an   assay   furnace   to   carry   out    these 
J.,  were  admitted  to  a  share  in  the  business  under    methods.      In    1881   he   invented   and    patented   a 
the  firm  style  of  Andrew  Jeuson  &  Sons,  leaf  to-    method   for   chlormation   of   low-grade   silver   and 
bacco.     Upon  the  organization  of  the  Tobacco  Ex-    gold   ores,   and   m   1911    a   method   ot   extracting 
change  Bank,  Edgerton,  he  was  chosen  its  presi-    vanadium  from  ores  containing  vanadium  by  which 
.lent    and  became  its  cashier  as  well,  continuing    95%    of   the   vanadium    could   be   recovered.      He 
in   that  joint   capacity  until  his   death,   and   su?-    prepared  artificial  crystals  of  arsenides    ot  which 
ceeding   in   building   up    a   strong   and   successful    no  natural  crystals  have  ever  been  found.     In  1 
banking   corporation.     He   always   maintained   an    he  published  his  chromometric  methods,  a  develop- 
active    interest    in    Democratic    politics,    and   was    ment  of  blow-pipe  analysis,  and  in   1 
long  a  dominant  factor  in  the  councils  of  his  par-    mentary  book  of  chemistry.     At  his  death  ne  was 
tv.     He  served  six  terms  as  mayor  of  Edgerton;    the  oldest  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Michigan 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1892,  and  was  several    School  of   Mines.     He  had  a  large  and   valuable 
times  candidate  for  state  treasurer.     He  was  for    collection  of  minerals  which  he  presented  to  this 
years   member   and   for   a   time   treasurer   of   the    school.     Among  the  new  minerals  discovered  and 
Democratic    state   central   committee.      He   was   a    named  by  him  are:     Hydrotitanite,  Kandite,  Ley- 
liberal    supporter    of    the    Norwegian     Lutheran    dyite,    Alaskaite,    Beegerite,    Eementite,    1  ooteite, 
churches,    serving    on    important    boards    of    the    Paramelaconite,  Mezapilite,  Mohawkkite,  Keweena- 
synod,  and  he  was  a  trustee  of  Luther  College  and    wite,  Stibiodomykite,  and  Melanochalcite.    J 
gave  active  support  to  the  building  up  of  Albion    re-examined  many  other  minerals  and  touud  dia- 
Academy  after  it  passed  under  the  management    mond  in  meteoric  iron.     He  was  a  frequent  con- 
of    the    Lutheran    societies.      His    last   official    act    tributor  to  leading  journals,  at  home  and  abroad, 
was  the  signing,  in  St.  Paul,  in  1917,  of  the  incor-   and  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
poration  of  the  United  Lutheran  churches.     In  the    Society,   Academy   of  Natural   Sciences,   *  ranklin 
civil  affairs  of  the  people  extending  over  a  period    Institute.  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
of  more  than  two  score  of  years  the  part  played    Lake  Superior  Mining  Institute,  and  other  scien- 
by  Andrew  Jenson  was  one  of  most  honorable  dis-    tine  bodies,  and  of  Phi  Kappa  Psi  and  I  beta  lau 
tinction.     He  was  married  Jan.  1,  1S77,  to  Han-    fraternities.     While  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
nah,  daughter  of  Jacob  Johnson,  a  shoemaker,  of    vania  he  served  on  a  number  of  important  com- 
Edgerton;    she  survives  him,  with   nine  children:    mittees,  and  with  Dr.  Horace  Howard  lurness,  IJr. 
J.   Alfred,  who   succeeded  his   father  as  head   of    William  Pepper,   Dr.  Joseph   Leidy,   Dr.   S.   Weir 
the  Edgerton  tobacco  business;   Oscar  J.,  also  in    Mitchell,  Prof.  George  S.  Fullerton,  Dr.  J.  Will 
the  tobacco  business;   Lydia,  who  married  E.   G.    White  and  others,  he  served  on  the  Seybert  corn- 
Johnson,  of  Minneapolis;'  Adolph  H.,  a  cashier  in    mittee,  which   investigated  spiritualism.     He   also 
bank;    Andrew,  U.  S.  army;   Clara;    Clarence  A.,    served   on   the   committee   which   investigated   the 
U.  S.  army;   Paul,  U.  S.  army  also,  and  Gerhard    Keeley  Motor.  During  his  funeral  services  in  Phila- 
Jenson,   a   student.      He   died  at   Edgerton,  Wis.,    delphia,  the  entire  faculty  of  his  school,  the  alumni 
June  22,  1917.  and  the  citizens  of  Houghton  held  a  memorial  ser- 

KOENIG,  George  August,  scientist,  was  born    vice  for  him.    The  chemical  building  at  the  School 
at  Willstatt,  Germany,  May  12,  1S44,  son  of  Jo-    of  Mines,  at  Houghton,  was  named  m  his  honor, 
hannes  and  Margarete  (Pfatzer)  Koenig.     He  re-    He  found  his  chief  recreation  m  art.     l)r.  Koemg 
ceived   his   preliminary  education  at   the  pro-gym-    was  held  in  high  esteem,  not  only  for  his  brilliant 
msium  at  Kork,  and  -it  the  school  of  the  Moravian    scholarship,    but    for    his   character   and   personal 
Brothers  at  Lausanne,  Switzerland.    He  was  gradu-    worth.     He  was  married  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct. 
ated  at  Polytechnic  School,  Karlsruhe,  Germany,  in    27,    1869,   to   Wilhelmina,    daughter   of   Jacob    ^ 
1863  with  a  degree  in  mechanical  engineering.'  He    Marquart,  of  Baden  Baden,  Germany;  she  survives 
was  then  for  two  years  a  student  at  the  University    him,  with  two  children:     Augustus,  a  physician  ai 
of   Heidelberg,    and   was   graduated    at    the    Uni-    metallurgist,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Elsa,  artist  and 
versity  of  Berlin  with  the  degrees  A.M.  and  Ph.D.    portrait  painter,  who  married  George  I 
in  1867.     Subsequently  he  attended   for  one  year    Philadelphia.      George    August    Koemg    died 
the  Mining  Academv,   Freiburg,   Saxony.     During    Philadelphia,  Jan.  14,  1913. 

his  student  days  he'was  a  member  of  one  of  the  SHOEMAKER,  Harry  J.,  lawyer,  was  born^in 
German  corps,"  and  for  a  number  of  years  was  Horsham  township,  Montgomery  CO.,  Pa.,  Dec.  -o, 
considered  the  champion  duelist  of  his  corps.  He  1855,  son  of  James  and  Phoebe  (Shoemaker)  bhoe- 
came  to  America  in  1868  and  manufactured  sodium  maker,  and  a  descendant  of  Peter  Shoemaker,  a 


JOHN  H.  MOYIl'S 
FINANCIER 


OSCAR  R.  HUXIM.KY 
JURIST 


ANDREW  JEN  SOX 
MERCHANT 


GEORGE  A.  KOI'.XK, 

SCIKN'I  IS1 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


241 


native  of  Kreigsheim,  Germany,  who  was  one  of 

the  earliest  converts  to  the  principles  of  George 
Fox,  the  founder  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and 
suffered  persecution  for  his  religious  faith  as  early 
as  1605;  he  was  one  of  the  Friends  seen  by  Penn 
on  his  visit  to  Kreigsheim  early  in  16S3,  and  was 
induced  to  join  a  company  of  palatines  in  found- 
ing the  new  province  of  Pennsylvania.  Harry  J. 
Shoemaker  was  reared  in  Horsham  township  and 
received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  Doylestown  Seminary.  When  nineteen  years 
of  age  he  began  to  teach  school  in  Bedminster 
township,  anil  the  following  year  was  appointed 
principal  of  the  Tullytown  schools,  which  he  taught 
for  three  years.  In  1SXO  he  embarked  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  at  Tullytown,  where  he  conducted 
a  general  store  until  1884.  In  political  faith  he 
was  a  Republican,  and  for  many  years  was  active 
in  the  councils  of  that  party,  as  well  as  in  every- 
thing pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.  For  four  years  he  was  post- 
master at  Tullytown,  and  was  also  a  school  di- 
rector, and  occupied  other  local  offices.  In  the 
autumn  of  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legis- 
lature, being  the  only  Republican  elected  in  Bucks 
county,  and  served  his  term  with  marked  ability 
as  a  member  of  several  important  committees, 
being  the  youngest  member  at  that  time.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  he  declined  renomiuation  anil 
became  a  candidate  for  congress,  but  was  defeated 
in  the  convention  by  two  votes.  He  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  national  Republican  conventions  of 
1884  and  1888.  During  Pres.  Harrison's  admin 
istration  he  was  confidential  clerk  to  the  second 
comptroller  of  the  U.  S.  treasury.  Meanwhile  he 
had  entered  himself  as  a  student  of  law  in  the 
office  of  B.  F.  Gilkeson,  of  Bristol,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  his  native  county  in  January, 
1890.  On  the  completion  of  his  term  as  confiden- 
tial clerk,  he  located  in  Doylestown  and  began  the 
practice  of  law,  in  which  he  was  successful  in 
building  up  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice. 
In  1S93  -he  was  a  judge  of  awards  at  the  World  's 
Fair  in  Chicago  and  served  as  secretary  of  the 
committee  on  food  products.  Three  years  later  he 
was  again  a  candidate  for  the  nomination  for  con- 
gress and  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  from 
his  own  county,  but  was  defeated  in  the  joint  con- 
vention. Mr.  Shoemaker  was  a  charter  member 
of  the  Doylestown  Trust  Co.,  in  which  he  served 
as  a  director  for  many  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  promotors  of  the  trolley  road  from  Doyles- 
town to  Easton,  Pa.,  and  was  active  and  energetic 
in  pushing  the  project  to  completion,  becoming 
also  its  secretary  and  treasurer.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  was  secretary  of  the  Pennsylvania  Manu- 
facturer's Insurance  Association.  Mr.  Shoemaker 
was  a  man  of  broad  vision  and  of  acknowledged 
executive  ability  He  was  married  .Tune  12,  1910, 
to  Anna,  daughter  of  Harrison  Green  of  Horsham, 
Pa.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  2,  1918. 

PARMLY,  Charles  Howard,  educator,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  3,  1868,  son  of  Isaac 
and  Sarah  M.  (Forman)  Parmly.  His  family  had 
its  origin  in  a  noble  Belgian  house;  Maurice  D. 
Parmelee  was  a  prominent  reformer  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  who  about  the  year  1567  fled  to 
Holland  to  escape  the  persecutions  of  the  Duke  of 
Alva,  his  estates  having  been  confiscated.  There 
he  founded  the  house  of  Von  Parmelee,  his  third 
son  Johannes  becoming  the  Baron  of  Batavia. 
About  the  year  1639  a  band  of  Christians  left 
Guilford,  Eng.,  and  crossing  the  ocean  entered  the 
harbor  of  Fairhaven,  Conn.,  their  ship  being  the 
first  to  enter  that  harbor.  This  band  of  people  in 


September,  1639,  purchased  from  the  Indians  what 
is  now  the  central  part  of  Guilford  and  there  set- 
iled.  On  the  journey  over  they  entered  into  a 
covenant  (which  is  now  preserved  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society,  at  Worcester),  and 
among  the  twenty -five  who  signed  it  was  John 
Parmelie  (son  of  Johannes,  who  was  the  third  son 
of  Maurice,  above  referred  to) .  The  spelling  of 
the  name  was  changed  to  Parmly,  by  some  branches 
of  the  family.  From  John  Parmelie  and  his  wife 
Hannah  the  line  descends  through  their  son  John; 
his  son  Stephen  and  the  latter 's  wife  Elizabeth 
Baldwin;  their  son  Stephen;  the  latter 's  son 
Jehiel  and  his  wife  Eunice  Handee;  their  son 
Jehiel  and  his  son  Alexander  and  his  wife,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  Charles  Howard  Parmly. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New- 
York  and  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  the  City 
of  New  York  in  1888.  As  a  student  he  had  dis- 
tinguished himself,  and  in  the  autumn  following 
his  graduation  he  was  appointed  tutor  in  mathema- 
tics at  his  alma  mater.  The  remainder  of  his 
career  was  spent  at  the  college.  He  was  instruc- 
tor in  physics  in  IS'.U,  assistant  professor  iu  ls>is, 
associate  professor  in  1906,  professor  in  1915,  and, 
finally,  in  1917,  a  fen'  months  before  his  death, 
professor  and  head  of  the  newly  created  depart- 
ment, of  engineering.  His  influence  at  the  college 
was  felt  not  only  by  his  students  in  the  class  room, 
but  also  by  his  colleagues  in  the  council  chamber. 
He  was  a  powerful  factor  in  the  reorganization 
which  the  college  underwent  after  its  removal  to 
a  new  site  in  1907.  But  he  will  be  more  particu- 
larly remembered  for  two  achievements:  the  crea- 
tion of  the  engineering  courses  of  the  college,  and 
the  masterly  analysis  which  he  made  for  the  city 
of  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  college.  In  the 
second  of  these  undertakings  he  explored  untrod- 
den ground,  and  the  methods  which  he  devised  are 
serving  today  for  similar  surveys  of  other  institu- 
tions. The  central  quality  of  his  character  was 
integrity,  integrity  of  heart  as  well  as  integrity 
of  mind.  He  was  married  June  15,  18<is,  to  Mar- 
garet S.,  daughter  of  John  T.  Stanley,  and  had  one 
child,  Ruth  Parmly.  He  died  at  Ashland,  N.  H., 
Sent.  7,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  page  242.) 

SPEIDEL,  John  George,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Balingen,  Germany,  Dec.  4,  1S55.  The 
first  sixteen  years  of  his  life  he  passed  in  his 
native  land,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  local 
realschule  and  later  learned  the  machinist 's  trade, 
receiving  for  his  work  a  medal  of  merit  from  the 
King  of  Wurtembevg  in  an  exhibition  of  the  work 
of  apprentices.  In  1872  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  for  a  time  in  New  York  city, 
where  he  found  employment  at  his  trade.  Eighteen 
months  thereafter  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  where 
he  was  again  employed  as  a  machinist  and  where 
he  remained  for  three  years  and  a  half.  He  re- 
turned to  Europe  in  1876  and  for  three  years  at- 
tended an  excellent  technical  institute  at  Winther- 
thur,  Switzerland.  Returning  to  America,  he  made 
his  way  to  Philadelphia  and  subsequently  to  Read- 
ing, Pa.,  where  he  obtained  employment  with  the 
Scott  Foundry,  one  of  the  large  concerns  of  that 
city.  He  continued  for  three  years  in  the  draw- 
ing department  of  this  company,  after  which,  for 
five  years,  he  was  employed  as  draughtsman  by  the 
Dickson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Scranton,  Pa.  He 
then  returned  to  Reading  and  in  1888  embarked 
in  business  for  himself,  making  his  first  venture 
in  a  small  shop  at  the  corner  of  Orange  and  Bin- 
gaman  streets.  The  enterprise  was  successful  from 
the  outset.  In  1893  he  removed  to  a  larger  simp 
and  three  years  later  was  forced  to  move  again. 


242 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


In  1900  he  erected  a  new  plant  two  stories  iii 
heigm,  130  by  95  feet,  anil  fitted  it  with  the  most 
modern  equipment.  Here  Mr.  Speidel  continued 
his  great  success.  His  inventive  genius  has  given 
to  practically  every  machine  turned  out  by  his 
plant  some  device  which  renders  it  an  improve- 
ment over  similar  machines  of  different  make.  In 
IJss*i,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Franklin  In- 
stitute, he  received  the  John  Scott  medal,  together 
with  the  premium  of  twenty  dollars  in  gold,  pres- 
ented to  him  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  for  his 
improvements  in  portable  hoists.  In  1893  he  re- 
ceived from  the  World 's  Columbian  Exposition 
held  in  Chicago  a  medal  for  a  portable  chain  hoist. 
He  also  invented  other  hoisting  machinery,  which 
was  patented  in  1897,  and  that  same  year  invented 
and  built  an  automobile.  He  has  also  invented 
other  devices.  In  religion  he  is  a  communicant  of 
the  Catholic  Church.  He  was  married  in  New 
York  city,  Apr.  5,  1883,  to  Sophie,  daughter  of 
A  rm  raw  Weis,  of  Reading,  Pa.,  and  they  have  five 
children:  Clara,  wife  of  W.  J.  Borneman,  vice- 
president  of  the  Newark  Embroidery  Works; 
Marie  (now  deceased),  wife  of  Frederick  Keller. 
of  Beading;  Lillian,  Florence,  and  John  George 
Speidel,  Jr. 

HOYT,   James  Humphrey,   lawyer,  was  born 
in  Cleveland,  O.,  Nov.  10,  1850,  son  of  James  Madi- 
son  and  Mary  Ella    (Becbe)    Hoyt.     James  Hum- 
phrey Hoyt  was  educated  at  Western  Reserve  Uni- 
versity, Hudson,  0.,  and  at  Amherst  College.     He 
was  graduated  at  Brown   University  in   1S74  with 
uie  degree  A.B.     He  then  began  the  study  of  law 
in  Cleveland  under  the  preceptorship  of  Spauldiug 
Uiekman.      He    was    graduated    at    Harvard    Law 
.School,  in  1877,  with  the  degree  LL.B.,;   was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Ohio  in  that  year,  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  iu  Cleveland,  in  the 
h'rm  of  Willey,  Sherman  i:  Hoyt,  and  later  JSher- 
inau,  Hoyt  &  Dustiu.     Oil  the  death  of  the  senior 
partner  it  became  Hoyt  &  Dustin,  and  successive 
changes  led   to  the   adoption  of  the  firm  name  of 
Hoyt,  Dustiu  &  Kelley,  and  Hoyt,  Dustin,  Kelley, 
McKeehau    A;    Andrews,    the    new    members    being 
.Herman  A.  Kelley,  Homer  H.  McKeehan  a.it.1  Hor- 
ace Andrews.     He  gave  his  attention  to  civil  prac- 
tice successfully,  and  became  one  of  Ohio 's  most 
widely  known  and  eminent  lawyers.  In  1895  he  was 
i'  candidate  for  the  Republican,  nomination  for  gov- 
ernor. He  was  director  iu.  the  Cleveland  chamber  of 
commerce,  and  a  member  of  the  Union,  Cleveland 
Country,  Tavern,   Euclid,  Roadside,   Mayneld  Golf 
&  Country,  and  University  Clubs,  Cleveland,  an. I  the 
Century  Association,  Seawauhaka-Coriuthian  Yacht, 
University,    New    York    Yacht,    and    Metropolitan 
Linos,  New  York  city.    He  also  held  membership  in. 
various  law  associations.     He  was  a  communicant 
of   the  First   Baptist   Church,   Cleveland.      He  was 
married,  June  I/,   lfe^.3,  to  Jessie  P.,  daughter  of 
Jesse    Taintor,    a    banker,    of    Cleveland;    she    sur- 
vives him,  with   two   children:      Katherine   Board- 
man,  who  became  the  wife  of  Amasa  Stone  Mather, 
Cleveland,  O.,  and  Elton  Hoyt,  2d,  Yale  University, 
'10,  iron  business,  of  Cleveland.   James  llmn|ihrev 
Hoyt  died  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  Mar.  21,  1917.  ' 
ENSIGN,   Josiah  Davis,   .jurist,  was   born  at 
Boston,    Erie    to.,    N.    Y.,    May    14,    1833,    son    of 
Reuben   S.   and   Mary    (Griffin)    Ensign,   and   de- 
"iant  of  a   colonial   Massachusetts-Connecticut 
ramily  Mating  in  America  from  the  early  part  of 
the    17th    century.       Josiah    Davis,    his    maternal 
grandfather,  served  in  the  American  army  through- 
out the  war  of  the  revolution.    Reuben  S.  Ensign, 
his  father,  was  a  physician.     Josiah  I>a\]-   :;nsigu 
received   his    education    iu    the    public    schools    of 


Ohio  and  in  academic  schools  at  Farmington  and 
Orwell,  O.  At  sixteen  he  became  a  school  teacher, 
continuing  six  years  in  that  capacity,  meanwhile 
reading  law.  He  completed  his  law  studies  at 
Jefferson,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  the  partners  in  the  law  h'rm  of  Chaffee  & 
Woodbury.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Ohio  bar  in 
1857,  but  before  commencing  practice  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  courts  of  Ashtabula  county,  remaining 
six  years  in  that  relation.  He  began  active  prac- 
tice at  Jefferson,  O.,  in  1863,  entering  into  part- 
nership with  Stephen  A.  Northway,  as  Northway 
\-  Ensign,  which  relation  he  maintained  while  he 
was  in  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Rochester,  Minn.,  in 
l^ii-i,  and  iu  1870  settled  in  Duluth,  Minn.,  form- 
ing a  partnership,  in  1872,  with  Ozora  P.  Stearns, 
as  Ensign  &  Stearns,  this  copartnership  continuing 
until  1^74.  In  1886  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Daniel  G.  Cash,  and  the  firm  of  Ensign  &  Cash 
was  subsequently  augmented  by  John  G.  Wilham>, 
becoming  Ensign,  Cash  &  Williams.  In  Ashta- 
bula county,  O.,  in  addition,  to  serving  as  clerk  of 
the  courts,  he  served  out  an  unexpired  term  as 
county  auditor,  and  likewise  an  unexpired  term  as 
prosecuting  attorney.  In  1S70  he  was  elected 
county  attorney  of  St.  Louis  county  (Minn.), 
sen-ing  two  years,  and  for  seven  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Duluth  school  board,  and  director 
of  the  public  library  for  six  years.  For  several 
terms  he  w-as  an  alderman,  and  for  three  terms 
mayor  of  Duluth.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  judge 
in  the  llth  judicial  circuit  of  Minnesota;  elected 
to  that  olh'ce  in  1*90,  and  re-elected  in  isoii,  1902, 
19ox  and  1914.  He  is  now  serving  his  thirtieth 
year  iu  that  position.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Commercial  Club,  Duluth.  His  political  affiliation 
is  with  the  Republican  party.  Judge  Ensign  is 
one  of  the  real  pioneers  of  Duluth.  In  the  civil 
affairs  of  the  people  of  that  city,  extending 
through  a  period  of  almost  half  a  century,  the 
part  played  by  him  has  been  one  of  honorable  dis- 
tinction. He  was  married  (I)  1S58,  to  Catherine 
A.,  daughter  of  Col.  Lynds  Jones,  and  niece  of 
Joshua  R.  Giddings  (q.  v.),  the  abolitionist;  she 
died  in  1868.  He  was  married  (II)  1872;  to  Rose, 
daughter  of  Martin  Watrous,  of  Bay  City,  Mich. 
His  children  by  the  first  union  were:  Julia  Maria, 
and  Mary  P.,  who  married  James  C.  Houston  i  she 
died  in  1911)  ;  and  one  child  by  the  second  union, 
Katherine,  who  married  Warren  E.  Greene. 

SANFORD,  Carlton  Elisha,  lawyer,  banker 
and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Hopkinfon,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  31,  1S47,  son  of  Jonah,  Jr.,  and  Clarinda 
(Risdon)  Sanford.  His  first  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Thomas  Stanford,  who  came  from  Es- 
sex county,  England,  in  the  early  part,  of  the  17th 
century  and  settled  at  Milford,  Conn.  From  him 
and  his  wife  Sarah  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Mary 
Powell;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  first  wife  Han- 
nah Baldwin:  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Mary 
Clark;  their  son  Jonah  and  his  wife  Rhoda 
Woodruff;  their  sou  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Marsh;  to  their  son  Jonah  Sanford  and  his  first 
wife  Abigail  Greene,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Carlton  E.  Sauford.  Jonah  Sanford  (V)  es- 
tablished the  family  homestead  at  South  Farms, 
( 'nun.  Benjamin  Sauford  (VI)  was  an  industrious, 
prosperous  and  influential  citizen  and  farmer  of 
Cornwall,  Conn.  Jonah  Sanford  (VII)  took  up 
his  residence  at  Hopkinton,  N.  YT.  He  was  super- 
visor of  his  town,  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
a  commissioner  by  act  of  legislature  to  lay  out  a 
state  road  (Port  Kent  road)  through  the  wilder- 
necs  for  fifty  miles,  and  later  acted  as  one  of  thr 


CHARLES  TI.  PARMLY 

EDUCATOR 


JOHN  G.  SPETDEL 
MANUF  \ri  UKKK 


JAMES  IT.  HOYT 
LAWYER 


JOSIAH  D.  EXSIGN 
JURISI 


2 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


243 


commissioners  to  build  this  road.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  state  assembly  during  1S29- 
30,  and  of  the  2d  session  of  the  21st  congress  dur- 
ing 1830-31,  to  till  out  an  unexpired  term.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  ever  after- 
ward took  a  keen  interest  in  the  state  militia.  In 
1827  he  was  commissioned  captain  of  a  volunteer 
company  of  cavalry;  was  lieutenant-colonel  during 
l">2*-29;  colonel  of  an  independent  regiment  dur- 
ing 1830-31,  and  brigadier-general  of  state  militia 
during  1832-33.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war 
he  raised  the  92d  regiment  of  New  York  volunteer 
infantry  and  went  to  the  front  as  its  colonel. 
Jonah  Sanford,  Jr.,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a 
successful  farmer  and  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace,  assessor  of  internal  revenue,  and  as  member, 
chairman  and  subsequently  president  of  the  board 
of  supervisors.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  state  assembly  during  1874-75.  Carlton  E. 
Sanford  received  his  preliminary  education  at  St. 
Lawrence  Academy,  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  and  Law- 
renceville  (N.  Y.)  Academy.  During  1869-71  he 
was  a  student  at  Cornell  "University.  He  then  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  at  Potsdam,  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Charles  O.  Tappan,  afterward  a  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court,  and  George  Z.  Erwin, 
later  a  state  senator.  He  was  graduated  at  Albany 
Law  School  in  1873  with  the  degree  LL.B.,  and 
in  that  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  York 
and  began  practice  as  an  associate  in  the  olni-rs 
of  Tappan  &  Erwin.  In  1874  he  became  a  mein- 
ber  of  the  firm  of  Swift  &  Sanford,  with  Theo. 
Swift.  This  firm  was  dissolved  in  1876,  but  was 
reformed  in  isss,  continuing  until  181I2.  Mean- 
while, ho  organized,  in  1889,  the  Peoples'  Bank  of 
Potsdam,  of  which  institution  he  was  president 
until  his  death.  He  withdrew  from  his  law  part- 
nership in  1892,  though  continuing  to  practice  in- 
dependently. One  of  his  cases  which  attained 
national  repute  was  that  of  Riggs  vs.  Palmer,  (re- 
ported 115  New  York  reports  506).  In  1889  he 
organized  the  Potsdam  Building  &  Loan  Associa- 
tion, of  which  he  was  attorney  until  his  death.  In 
1892  he  was  a  promoter  and  incorporator  of  the 
Racqnette  River  Paper  Co.,  with  mills  at  Union- 
ville,  and  of  which  he  was  vice-president  until 
1900.  In  1S92  he  was  a  projector  of  the  High 
Falls  Pulp  &  Mining  Co.,  of  which  he  became  sec- 
retary. He  was  an  ineorporator  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Thatcher  Manufacturing  Co.,  Pots- 
dam. He  was  associated  with  Herbert  J.  Sanford 
and  Simeon  Clark  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber, 
etc.,  at  Parishville,  N.  Y.,  during  1883-88,  and  he 
was  a  founder  of  the  Potsdam  Clothing  &  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  and  the  Potsdam  Sugar  of  Milk 
Co.  In  1886  he  was  instrumental  in  installing  a 
sewer  and  drainage  system  at  Potsdam.  He  was 
at  his  death  president  of  the  Potsdam  public  lib- 
rary. He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  conven- 
tion, Minneapolis,  1X92.  He  was  a  past  treasurer 
(1*81-88)  and  past  president  (1889)  of  the 
Racquette  Valley  and  St.  Regis  Valley  Agricul- 
tural Society.  He  organized,  and  for  twenty-six 
years  was  president  of  the  People's  Bank.  He 
wrote  much  and  on  many  subjects.  Many  of  his 
writings  he  incorporated  in  a  volume  entitled  "Es- 
says and  Biographical  Sketches,"  (1907).  He 
published  ' '  Early  History  of  the  Town  of  Hop- 
kinton,"  (600  pp.  ill.,  1903):  "Some  Wonders  of 
the  Heavens,"  (1910);  "Thomas  Sanford  Gen- 
alogy,"  (1910),  a  work  on  which  he  had  taken 
great  pains  and  spent  both  lavishly  of  time  and 
means  to  have  correct,  searching  records  in  both 
Kugland  and  America,  and  giving  the  names, 
births  and  deaths  of  sixteen  hundred  members  of 


the  Sanford  family.  To  this  volume  he  gave  five 
years  of  painstaking  labor,  indefatigable  and  per- 
sistent endeavor,  bravely  overcoming  numerous 
obstacles.  He  married  at  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
21,  1  .*!(:;,  l-'rances  Garrow,  daughter  of  (ieorge 
Merritt,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.  She  survives  him.  He 
died  at  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  2,  1915. 

RUGG,  Arthur  Prentice,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Sterling,  Mass.,  Aug.  20,  1862,  son  of  Prentice 
Mason  and  Cynthia  (Ross)  Rugg.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Rugg,  who 
came  from  England  in  1652  and  settled  at  Lan- 
casti'r,  Mass.  His  wife  was  Hannah  Prescott,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Priest; 
their  son  Amos  and  his  wife  Mary  Burpee;  their 
son  Amos  and  his  wife  Sarah  Willard,  to  their  son 
Luther  and  his  wife  Ruth  .leuvtt,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Arthur  Prentice  Rugg.  Prentice 
M:isim  Rugg,  father  of  the  subject,  was  farmer 
and  school  teacher,  and  he  served  his  town  as  select- 
man, assessor  and  member  of  the  school  committee. 
Arthur  Prentice  Rugg  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  public  schools,  including  Lancaster 
(Mass.),  high  school.  He  was  graduated  at  Am- 
herst  College  in  1883  with  the  degree  A.B.,  and  at 
Boston  University  Law  School  in  ISM;  \vitli  the 
degree  LL.B.  Amherst  gave  him  the  degree  LL.D. 
in  1908  and  Harvard  University  a  similar  degree 
in  1H14.  Admitted  to  the  Massachusetts  bar  in 
1886,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
that  year  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  as  the  partner  of 
John  R.  Thayer,  under  the  firm  style  of  Thayer  & 
Rugg,  this  relation  continuing  twenty  years.  He 
was  president  of  the  Worcester  common  council  in 
181(5,  and  served  as  assistant  district  attorney  for 
the  middle  district  of  Massachusetts  during  1*95- 
97.  During  the  ensuing  nine  years  he  was  city 
solicitor  of  Worcester.  In  1906  he  took  his  seat 
on  the  bench  as  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
judicial  court  of  Massachusetts,  of  which  he  has 
been  chief  justice  since  1911.  He  has  been  a  trus- 
tee of  the'  Worcester  Mechanics'  Savings  Bank 
since  1*97,  and  during  1900-06  was  director  and 
solicitor  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Worcester. 
Since  1910  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Clark  Uni- 
versity, Worcester,  also  of  Boston  University.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  council  American  Anti- 
quarian Society  since  1909;  is  a  fellow  American 
Academy  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  holds  membership 
also  in"  the  Colonial  Society  of  Massachusetts, 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  various  law 
associations,  and  various  scientific  and  social 
organizations.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican. 
He  married  ait  Worcester,  Mass.,  Apr.  10,  1889, 
r-'lorenre  May,  daughter  of  Charles  Belcher,  of 
Worcester;  they  have  three  children:  Charles 
Belcher,  a  lawyer;  Arthur  Prentice,  Jr.,  and 
Esther  Cynthia  Rugg. 

BEARD,  Cyrus,  jurist,  was  born  in  Venango 
county,  Pa.,  Aug.  13,  1850,  son  of  Thomas  and 
Mary  (McKinly)  Beard.  Removing  to  Iowa  at  an 
early  period,  after  the  usual  preliminary  training 
ho  entered  the  law  department  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  and  received  his  LL.B.  degree  in 
1874.  He  was  immediately  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  located  in  Washington,  la.,  where  he  practiced 
four  years,  and  then  removed  to  Harlan,  la., 
where  he  spent  a  dozen  years  in  successful  work. 
The  great  growth  of  the  territory  of  Wyoming, 
which  led  to  its  admission  as  a  state  on  July  10, 
1890,  however,  drew  Mr.  Beard  to  it  with  multi 
tin  It's  of  others,  during  that  year,  and  he  made  his 
new  home  at  Kvanstou  in  that  state.  He  won  so 
strong  a  poaitiou  in  the  new  state  within  the  next 


244 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


fourteen  years  that  he  was  chosen  one  of  the.three 
justices  (it  the  state  supreme  court,  and  took  his 
seat  oil  Jan.  2,  1905.  Justice  Beard's  first  opinion 
was  in  the  case  of  Leach  vs.  Misters,  reversing 
the  judgment  of  the  district  court,  13  Wyo.  239. 
He  became  chief  justice  Jan.  2,  1911,  and  served 
for  two  years,  when  he  was  followed  by  Justice 
Bichard  H.  Scott  and  himself  became  justice, 
again  becoming  chief  justice,  Jan.  6,  1919,  in 
which  position  he  still  serves,  having  been  re- 
elected  for  tin  eight-year  term,  beginning  in  1913. 
He  lias  made  his  home  at  Cheyenne  since  he  be- 
came a  justice,  and  he  has  become  active  and 
prominent  in  the  higher  Masonic  orders.  He  was 
married  Sept.  25,  1S75,  to  Nora  E.  Wilson,  of 
Chicago,  111.;  she  died  in  1893,  and  he  was  again 
married  Jnlv  22,  1S96,  to  Frances  B.  Birkhead  of 
Des  Moines,  la. 

BROOKE,  Flavius  Lionel,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Simcoe,  Ontario,  Canada,  Oct.  7,  1858,  sou  of  John 
and  Sarah  (Mann)  Brooke.  His  preparatory  edu- 
cation was  received  in  Albert  college,  Belleville, 
Ontario,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  entered 
Osgood  Hall  of  the  University  of  Tnrimto,  where 
he  took  the  four-year  course,  finishing  in  1884,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Toronto  bar  in  that  year. 
After  one  year's  practice  he  went  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  and  became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Atkinson,  Carpenter  &  Brooke,  his  partners  being 
John  Atkinson  and  William  Leland  Carpenter.  On 
the  breaking  up  of  this  firm  in  1891,  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Brooke  &  Spalding,  which 
lasted  until  1896.  Mr.  Brooke  then  practiced  alone 
for  the  next  four  years,  when,  in  1900,  he  was 
appointed  supervisor  of  the  census  for  the  first 
district  of  Michigan.  On  Nove-rnber  6th  of  th?.t 
year,  however,  he  was  elected  one  ef  the  six  judges 
of  the  third  circuit  court  to  fill  the  unexpiivd 
term  of  Judge  Byron  8.  Waite.  J»dge  Brooke  had 
served  on  the  third  circuit  bench  about  eight  years 
with  eminent  satisfaction  to  all  concerned,  when, 
in  November,  1908,  he  was  elected  to  fill  fhe  un- 
expirecl  term  of  Justice  William  Leland  Carpenter 
on  the  supreme  bench.  After  a  service  of  seven 
years  as  a  justice,  by  the  order  of  the  succession 
he  became  chief  justice  for  the  yer.r  1915,  and  also 
according  to  that  order  has  since  served  as  justice 
as  before.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
was  married  Nov.  27,  1884,  to  Miss  B.  Reidy  of 
.Simcoe,  Ontario. 

NIXON,  Henry  Barber,  mathematician  and 
educator,  was  born  at  Winfall,  Perqnimans  co., 
N.  C.,  Sept.  9,  1857,  son  of  Thomas  and  Cornelia 
(Townsend)  Nixon.  Tlie'name  appears  in  County 
Oxford,  England,  in  the  13th  century,  but  there 
is  an  unbroken  record  from  the  early  part  of  the 
15th  century,  the  name  being  then  spelled  Nyxon, 
and  the  ancestors  of  this  branch  having  taken  up 
H'sidence  in  the  North  of  Ireland.  The  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  John  Nixon,  a 
native  of  Enniskillen,  Ireland,  who  with  two 
brothers  came  from  County  Fermanagh  in  the 
18th  century  and  settled  in  Virginia.  John's  wife 
was  a  Martin,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife, 
a  Johnson,  to  their  son  Francis  Nixon  and  his 
wife  Harriet  Barber,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Henry  Barber  Nixon.  Col.  John  Nixon  (q.v.) 
was  a  celebrated  officer  of  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion, and  of  Quaker  stock.  His  sons  and  grand- 
sons were  planters.  Francis  Nixon  (III),  farmer, 
fisherman  and  .miller,  established  the  family  home- 
stead in  Perquimans  county,  N.  C.  He  lived  to  be 
almost  a  centenarian.  Thomas  Nixon  (IV),  fol- 
lowing  in  the  footsteps  of  his  father,  devoted  him- 


self to  husbandry;  his  wife  illustrated  many  ad- 
mirable phases  of  Southern  womanhood.  Like- 
wise a  native  of  Perquimans  county  she  was  a 
graduate  of  St.  Mary 's  School,  Raleigh,  and  an 
exceptionally  fine  reader,  both  old  and  young  de- 
lighting in  her  rendition  of  story-book  or  classic. 
Henry  B.  Nixon's  boyhood  was  spent  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  his  home.  Life  in  the  woods  aud  along 
the  woodland  streams  was  ideal  in  his  eyes.  His 
preliminary  education  was  received  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  a  private  tutor  and  at  Hertford 
(N.  C.)  Academy.  He  taught  school  for  a  brief 
period,  and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1878  with  a  diploma  in  mathe- 
matics, high  honors  and  the  degree  B.S.  During 
the  ensuing  four  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
teaching  staff  of  the  University.  He  then  took 
post-jjiadur.te  work  at  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
where  he  held  a  scholarship  during  Iss2-s4  and 
a  fellowship  during  1885-87.  He  was  instructor 
in  mathematics  there  during  lS>4-vo,  and  received 
the  degree  Ph.D.  from  that  institution  in  1886. 
He  extended  his  post-graduate  study  in  applied 
electricity  during  1886-87.  In  1888  he  was  called 
to  the  alumni  professorship  of  mathematics  and 
astronomy  at  Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettysburg, 
Pa.,  where  he  taught  uninterruptedly  until  his 
death,  aud  from  1900  gave  also  the  course  in  me- 
chaiiic.il  drawing,  surveying  and  engineering  ad- 
ded by  the  college.  A  bibliography  of  mathema- 
tical works  by  professors  aud  students  up  to  1894 
contains  titles  of  two  works  by  him,  -one  a  disser- 
tation on  "Lane's  Equation, "  the  second  "  Biblio- 
graphy of  Linear  Differential  Equations, "  (with 
J.  C.  Fields).  He  was  author  of  "Teacher's  Edi- 
tion of  Grauville's  Trigonometry,"  (1912).  He 
v:.s  an  honorary  member  of  the  Phrenakosmian  So- 
ciety. He  took  a  personal  interest  in  the  students, 
and  among  them  was  the  most  popular  member  of 
the  faculty  of  his  day.  He  gave  to  them  liberally 
and  unselfishly  of  his  own  time.  "Nixon  Field," 
the  athletic  field  of  the  college,  was  named  in  his 
honor.  The  1909  "Spectrum"  was  dedicated  to 
him  in  these  words:  "To  one  who  has  been  a 
friend  of  the  college  and  of  every  student ;  who 
is  true  to  himself  and  obeys  the  nobler  instinct, 
and  who  while  constant  in  duty  is  never  unkind; 
to  one  who  deserves  the  gratitude  of  students, 
alumni  and  friends,  to  one  whose  strength  of  char- 
acter has  been  an  example  to  many;  whose  counsel 
and  advice  has  been  free  and  open  to  all,  to  one 
whose  loyalty  ha  ;  done  so  much  for  his  Gettysburg 
and  our  Gettysburg."  He  had  a  distinct  person- 
ality, aud  his  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  were  out 
of  the  ordinary.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Lutheran  Church,  and  his  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  Pres.  Wilson,  and  had  been  with  the 
President  at  Johns  Hopkins  University.  He  wa? 
married  May  22,  1SS9,  to  Knte  Virginia  Hay,  ot 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  daughter  of  Alexander  Hay,  one 
of  the  promoters  of  the  Union  Pacific  K'ailroai' 
and  one  of  the  originators  of  vulcanized  rubber 
She  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Thomas  Hay 
Nixon,  born  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  Feb.  22,  Is'.ir,, 
Gettysburg  College,  ;i5,  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 
West  Point,  191s.  Henry  B.  Nixon  died  at  Get- 
tysburg, Pa.,  Mar.  30,  1916. 

WHIFFLE.  Charles  William,  soldier,  •n:i- 
born  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Sept.  28-  1846,  son  of 
Amiel  Weeks  and  Eleanor  Mary  (Sherburne) 
Whipple,  and  a.  descendant  of  Mathew  Whip- 
pie,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Essex,  Eng- 
land, and  settled  at  Ipswich,  Mass.,  in  1638.  On 
the  maternal  side  he  is  n  descendant  of  Thomas 


\/Ytt4A~*j 


CHARLES  \V.  WHIFFLE 

SI  'I.IUER 


GORDON  MONGES 
CAPITALIST 


WILLIAM   C.  WALSER 
PHYSICIAN 


CHARLES  W.  CALKIN'S 

LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


245 


Dudley,  governor  of  Massachusetts  Colony,  major- 
general   of  the  colony's  forces  and   a    founder   of 
Harvard    College;     from    Theophilus    Eaton,    am- 
bassador from  Great  Britain  to  Denmark,  and  later 
lii>t   governor  of   New   Haven  colony;    from   John 
Wentworth,   governor   of   New   Hampshire   colony; 
and   from  other   men   prominent   in   our   country 's 
history.     His  maternal  grandfather,  John  H.  Sher- 
burne,  was   a   colonel   of   a   New   Hampshire   regi- 
ment during  the  war  of  1812;  was  a  member  of  the 
New   Hampshire   legislature,   and   a   descendant   of 
Sir  Richard  Sherburne,  Bart.,  of  Stonyhurst,  Lan- 
cashire, England.     Our  subject 's  father,  Maj.-Gen. 
Amiel  Weeks  Whipple,  (q.v.)  U.S.A.  (West  Point 
1841),  was  one  of  the  bravest  soldiers  of  the  civil 
war,  was  a  major  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  MacDowell, 
was    later    commissioned    a    brigadier-general    of 
volunteers,  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  of  regu- 
lars for  gallantry  at  Bull  Run,  and  colonel  for  gal- 
lantry  at   Freilericksburg,   and   after   having  been 
mortally  wounded  at  Chancellorsville,  was  brevetted 
a   brigadier-general   of   regulars   for   gallantry   in 
action,    and   for    gallantry    during   the   whole   war 
was   brevetted    a    major-general   of    regulars   and 
was   commissioned   a   major-general   of   volunteers. 
The  first  military  experience  of  Charles  W.  Whip- 
pie  was  as  a   "marker"   in  a  militia   company  be- 
fore the  war  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old.     In 
lMi4,  while  he  was  attending  Georgetown  College, 
Pres.  Lincoln  gave  him  a  personal  appointment  to 
West  Point,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1868,  was 
commissioned  as  second  lieutenant   in   the   3rd   ar- 
tillery and  assigned  to  battery  "B,"  stationed  at 
Newport,   R.   I.     Subsequently  he   was  transferred 
to  Key  West,  Fla.,  where  he  went  through  a  yellow 
fever  epidemic,  to  Fort  Riley,  Kan.,  to  Charleston, 
S.  C.  and  as  instructor  to  West  Point.     Thereafter 
he  was  stationed  at  Fort  Jefferson,  Dry  Tortugas 
and  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.     In  May,  1873,  he  attended 
the    Artillery    School    at    Fort    Monroe,   Va.,   was 
graduated  the  following  year,  and  being  assigned 
to  the  Wheeler  survey  was  in  charge  of  exploring 
parties   in   Southwestern   Colorado,   Northern   New- 
Mexico  and  Southern  California.     In  July,  1875,  he 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in  the  ordnance 
department,   and  subsequently  was  one  of  the   of- 
ficers  in   charge   of   the   ordnance   exhibit   at   the 
Centennial    Exposition    in    Philadelphia,    was    in- 
spector at  the  West  Point  foundry  at  Cold  Spring, 
X.  Y.,  was  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  Proving  Ground 
at   Sandy   Hook,   N.    J.,     and    superintended     the 
manufacture  of  a  large  number  of  guns,  with  car- 
riages and  projectiles,  for  all  the  life-saving  sta- 
tions on  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts.     He 
also   wrote   many   articles   on   ordnance   and   other 
technical  subjects.     In  May,  1885,  he  was  commis- 
sioned captain,  was  appointed   chief  ordnance  of- 
fic  T  of  the  department  of  the  Missouri,  was  one  of 
the  board  of  ollirers  appointed  in  connection  with 
the    World 's    Columbian    Exposition,    was    in    the 
(  rdiiance  office  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  was  at 
the  Arsenal  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  at  the  outbreak 
(,f  the  war  with  Spain.     In  May,  1.S98,  he  was  ap- 
pointed chief  ordnance  officer  of  the  expedition  to 
the  Philippine  Islands,  and  the  next  month  was  ap- 
pointed  inspector-general   of   volunteers,   with   the 
rank    of    lieutenant-colonel.      At    Manila    he    \\a* 
overtaken  by.  the  illness  from  which  he  never  fully 
recovered.      He   returned   to   the   Tnited   States   in 
December,  and  in  February,  1901,  was  retired  with 
the   rank   of   major.      His  life  was   guided   by   the 
highest  ideals  of  duty,  and  he  was  always  brave 
and  unselfish.     Courteous  in  manner,  he  was  one  of 
the  gentlest,  simplest  and  most  lovable  of  men.   He 
was   a   member   of   the    University   Club   of   New 


York;  the  Army  and  Navy  Club  of  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  married 
Apr.  'A,  1877,  to  Josephine  Katherine,  daughter  of 
Walter  R.  T.  Jones,  of  New  York  city,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Adm.  Theodorus  Bailey,  U.  S.  N., 
mentioned  for  bravery  in  the  Mexican  war;  their 
children  were:  Walter  Jones;  William;  Sherburne, 
lieutenant-colonel  U.  S.  A. ;  Annette  Bailey,  who 
married  Arthur  Morris  Collens;  and  Eleanor 
Sherburne  Whipple,  who  married  Francis  Russell 
Stoddard,  Jr.  Maj.  Whipple  died  at  Summit, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  is,  HU6. 

MONGES,  Gordon,  capitalist,  was  born  in  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  Feb.  17,  1832,  son  of  Armaud  and 
(Sidney)  Ann  Monges.  His  paternal  grandfather. 
Dr.  .lean  Armantere  Monge,  was  a  close  kinsman 
of  Gaspard  Monge,  a  famous  French  savant,  who 
invented  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measure- 
ments, still  in  use  in  Europe.  Dr.  Monge  came 
from  France  with  Lafayette  and,  as  one  of  his 
officers,  shared  in  the  closing  struggle  for  Ameri- 
can independence.  Later  he  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia and  was  one  of  the  few  physicians  who 
remained  there  an. I  gave  their  aid  unsparingly  to 
the  victims  of  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  of  1798. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Societe  Bien- 
faisance  de  Philadelphie,  which  afforded  niin-li 
assistance  to  refugees  from  France  and  San 
Domingo.  He  changed  the  name  from  Monge  to 
Mouges.  Our  subject's  earliest  maternal  ancestor 
was  the  Rev.  Andrew  Rudmau,  of  Upsala  Univer- 
sity, Sweden,  who  lauded  in  Philadelphia  in  1698, 
having  been  sent  by  Charles  XI  to  organize- and 
found  the  Swedish  church  among  the  Swedish 
settlors  in  America.  Dr.  Rudman  built  the  historic 
church  of  the  Gloria  Dei,  in  Philadelphia,  in 
1700,  the  oldest  church  in  that  city.  Armand 
Mouges,  father  of  our  subject,  was  an  early 
member  of  the  First  City  Troop;  his  death  oc- 
curred while  serving  as  U.  S.  consul  to  Texas 
before  its  annexation.  Gordon  Monges  received 
his  early  education  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  later 
attended  Enimetsburg  College,  Maryland.  After 
leaving  school  he  led  a  very  quiet  life,  principally 
engaged  in  his  own  personal  affairs.  He  was  one  of 
the  oldest  members  of  the  Philadelphia  Club,  and 
its  president  during  1870-76.  He  was  also  a  mem- 
be  of  the  Philadelphia  Stock  Exchange,  the 
Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  the  Societe  Fran- 
caise  de  Bienfaisance,  and  was  past  master  of 
lodge  No.  176,  F.  &  A.  M.  At  one  time  he  was 
a  member  of  the  society  of  the  Sons  of  Delaware, 
and  president  of  a  number  of  financial  companies. 
He  was  twice  married:  (1)  at  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Oct.  15,  1860,  to  Mrs.  Louisa  Armatine  Twining, 
daughter  of  James  de  Teisseire,  of  New  York,  by 
whom  he  had  one  daughter,  Josephine  de  Teisseire 
Monges.  Mrs.  Monges  died  in  1888  and  he  was 
married  (2)  Aug.  30,  1890,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
Barzillai  Ansley,  a  Canadian.  He  died  in.  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  Aug.  12,  1907. 

WALSEK,  William  Charles,  physician,  was 
born  at  Ward's  Island,  N.  Y.,  Dee.  1,  1851,  son 
of  Dr.  Theodore  and  Mary  (  lOastwood)  Walser. 
His  father,  a  native  of  St.  Oallen.  Switzerland, 
came  to  this  country  about  1840  ami  settled  in 
New  York  city;  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican 
war,  and  subsequently  served  as  health  officer  of 
the  Port  of  New  York,  and  was  head  of  the 
quarantine  station  on  Staten  Island  when  it  was 
burned  down  by  the  islanders.  The  son  was  grad- 
uated at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York 
in  1869,  then  went  to  Basle,  Switzerland,  where 
he  perfected  himself  in  the  German  language,  and 


240 


THK     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


received  the  degree  of  M.D.  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Columbia  University 
in  1S71.  He  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Mariner 's  Harbor,  S.  I.  Later  he  es- 
tablished a  practice  at  Port  Richmond,  and  the 
last  twenty-three  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in 
New  Brighton,  S.  I.  He  made  a  specialty  of 
surgery,  having  performed  all  the  major  opera- 
tions, many  of  them  for  the  first  time  in  the 
country.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  perform  the 
operations  of  tracheotomy  and  gastro-enterostomy, 
and  never  hesitated  to  enter  new  and  untried 
fields  when  quick  decision  and  immediate  diagnosis 
were  necessary.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
thief  surgeon  of  the  Staten  Island  Hospital.  He 
also  served  as  consultant  of  the  Nuisery  and 
Child's  Hospital,  was  at  one  time  on  the  staff  of 
the  German  Hospital,  and  served  two  terms  as 
coroner  of  Richmond  county.  Dr.  \Valser  was 
president  of  the-  Richmond  County  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  was  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  Greater  New  York,  the  Medical  Society  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  the  German-American 
Medical  Society.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Richmond  County  Country  and  Staten  Island 
clubs.  He  was  known  among  his  fellow  practi- 
tioners as  the  "dean  of  Stateii  Island  physicians 
and  surgeons.''  He  loved  his  profession,  and  is 
quoted  as  having  said :  "If  I  were  a  millionaire 
1  would  be  nothing  but  a  doctor. ' '  He  contributed 
generously  of  his  services  and  means,  and  was 
never  known  to  have  refused  aid  because  his 
patient  could  not  pay.  Dr.  Walser  was  married 
at  Tompkinsville,  S.  I.,  Oct.  20,  1875,  to  Eleanor 
K..  daughter  of  Dr.  Frederick  Hollick,  of  New 
Krighton,  S.  I.,  by  whom  he  is  survived  with  five 
sons:  Frederick  Theodore,  insurance  broker;  Have- 
lock,  electrical  engineer;  Carl  William,  physician; 
Arthur,  real  estate  broker;  and  Guy  Oliver,  an 
attorney.  Three  of  these  sons,  Havelock,  Arthur 
and  I'liy,  were  officers  in  the  U.  S.  army  during 
the  war  with  Germany.  Dr.  Walser  died  at  Rich- 
mond Terrace,  New  Brighton,  S.  I.,  May  21,  1917. 
CALKINS,  Charles  Walbridg-e,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  June  19^  1842,  son 
of  Charles  Philo  and  Mary  Ann  (Hiusdill)  Cal- 
kins. His  first  American  ancestor  was  Hugh  Cal- 
kin, a  native  of  Chepstow,  Wales,  who  came  over  to 
the  colonies  about  1638-40  and  settled  at  Green  's 
Harbor  (now  Marshfield)  in  New  Plymouth 
Colony;  removed  to  Gloucester  and  became  one  of 
the  first  board  of  selectmen;  in  1650  was  chosen 
deputy  to  the  "General  Court"  (Legislature)  of 
Massachusetts;  removed  to  Connecticut  colony  and 
served  twelve  times  as  deputy  from  New  London, 
and  with  his  son,  John,  was  one  of  thirty-five 
original  proprietors  of  a  tract  of  land  nine  miles 
square  around  Norwich  ceded  to  the  whites  for 
seventy  pounds  sterling.  From  him  and  his  wife, 
Ann,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son,  John;  their  son,  Hugh;  their  son,  Joshua; 
their  son,  Thomas,  who  married  Abigail  Vorce; 
their  son  Charles,  who  married  Eliza  Faber,  and 
was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  Calkins  family  was  always  identified  with  the 
military  service  and  many  of  them  have  served  in 
the  wars  of  this  country.  Charles  Philo  Calkins, 
father  of  our  subject,  was  one  of  the  pioneer  at 
torneys  in  Kent  county,  Mich.,  who  held  the  offices 
of  justice  of  the  peace,  master  of  chancery,  injunc- 
tion master  of  the  circuit  court  and  city  recorder 
later.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  the  son  enlisted  for 
the  Civil  war  in  Co.  B,  1st  Michigan  engineers, 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Lavergne,  Tenn.; 
in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  May  10-31,  1862,  and 


was  with  the  rear  guard  of  Gen.  Buell's  army  in 
it-  forced  march  and  race  with  Gen.  Bragg 's  army 
from  Alabama  to  Louisville  in  September,  18(32. 
He  was  in  the  Perryville  campaign  and  the  advance 
to  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro.  He  participated 
also  in  the  Chiekamauga  and  Atlanta  campaigns  and 
in  the  siege  of  Atlanta,  July  22  to  Sept.  2,  1864. 
At  Shiloh  he  was  one  in  the  first  few  regiments 
which  had  to  swim  the  river,  holding  muskets  over 
their  heads,  in  order  to  join  in  the  second  day's 
right.  By  successive  promotions  he  reached  the 
rank  of  sergeant-major  of  his  regiment,  and  served 
as  second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant  and  regi- 
mental adjutant.  Being  honorably  discharged  in 
1864,  he  located  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  for 
four  years  he  was  connected  with  the  Nashville 
ic  Chattanooga  railroad,  and  after  three  more  years 
in  railroad  work  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  he  embarked 
in  the  grocery  business  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  in 
partnership  with  his  brothers.  He  studied  law  in 
his  leisure  hours  under  the  instruction  of  his  father 
and  later  Judge  William  J.  Stuart  and  Henry 

E.  Thompson.      He  was  admitted   to   the   bar   in 
I  •>>(!,  and  in  addition  to  an  extensive  general  prac- 
tice developed  a  large  real  estate,  loan  and  insur- 
ance business,  in  which  he  continued  nearly  forty 
years.     Col.  Calkins  combined  the  intellectual  at- 
tainments of  the  barrister  and  the  man  of  letters, 
and  was  keenly  appreciative  of  the  best  in  music, 
art  and  literature.     He  was  a  recognized  authority 
on   Shakespeare   and   Shakespearean   subjects,   ami 
he  was  frequently  called  upon  to  lecture  on  these 
themes.    He  was  the  author  of  an  exhaustive  thesis 
upon   Shakespeare   as   a   lawyer,   which    he    called 
"William    Shakespeare:    Barrister,"    and    he   was 
also  the  writer  of  many  fine  bits  of  verse,  many  of 
which  have  been  published.     His  advice  was  fre- 
quently sought  in  educational  matters,  and  his  in- 
fluence   in    directing    the    intellectual    life    of    the 
young   peojde  was   far-reaching  and   inspirational. 
For  many  years  he  conducted  a  class  for  literary 
study  (entirely  gratis) ,  to  which  he  devoted  much 
time  and  thought.     Col.  Calkins  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  for  two  years   (1875-76)  ;   served 
for   seventeen   years   on   the   city   board   of   health, 
and  for  four  years  on  the  board  of  education.     For 
sixteen  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
national  guard,  retiring  with  the  rank  of  lieuten- 
ant-colonel and  chief  of  brigade  staff.     He  was  a 
vestryman   of   St.    Mark's   Episcopal   Church,   and 
also   a   member   of   Grand   River   Lodge,   No.    34, 

F.  &  A.  M.     In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat.     He 
was    married,    Sept.    21,    I860,    to    Mary    Louisn,- 
daughter  of  Hezekiah  Gould  Scovel  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  their  living  children  are:   Anna  Mary, 
who   married   Harvey   F.   Wonderly;    Effie  Louise, 
who  married  William  H.  Rea  of  Detroit,  and  Char- 
lotte W.,   director  of  art   education   in   the   Grand 
Rapids  schools.     He  died  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
Mar.  28,  1918.      (Portrait  opposite  page  24o.) 

PALFREY,  John  Carver,  soldier  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  25,  1833, 
son  of  John  Gorham  (q.v.)  and  Mary  Ann  (Ham- 
mond) Palfrey.  His  first  known  American  ances- 
tor was  William  Palfrey  who  was  in  Boston  as 
early  as  1676,  and  who  is  believed  to  have  been  a 
grandson  of  Peter  Palfrey  who  settled  in  Salem 
prior  to  the  arrival  of  Gov.  Endicott  in  1628.  He 
received  his  early  education  at  the  Boston  Latin 
School;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  18.":!, 
anil  at  West  Point  Military  Academy  in  1857.  He 
was  then  appointed  to  the  corps  of  topographical 
engineers,  and  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil 
war  served  as  assistant  in  the  work  of  repairs  and 
construction  then  in  progress  on  the  various  forti- 


1OHX  CARVER  PALFREY 


WILLIAM  H.  TEDFORD 
JURIST 


WILLIAM  B.  SWAX 
MERCHANT 


FRANCIS  X.  HOOPER 
INVENTOR 


ARTHUR  C.  ROGERS 
PHYSICIAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


247 


fications  along  the  coasts  of  Maine  and  New 
Hampshire.  Thereafter  he  was  assigned  to  engi- 
neer duty  in  the  Department  of  the  Gulf  and  was 
stationed  at  Ship  Island.  He  took  part  in  the 
capture  of  New  Orleans,  and  was  in  charge  of  the 
construction  and  repair  of  the  fortifications  aliout 
that  city.  Later  he  became  associate  engineer  of 
the  military  division  of  West  Mississippi,  and  di- 
rected the  engineering  work  at  the  siege  and  cap- 
ture of  Forts  Gaines  and  Morgan,  and  of  Mobile. 
He  was  brevetted  major  in  1S64,  lieutenant-colonel 
of  volunteers  in  1S65,  resigning  from  active  serv- 
ice in  1866  as  brevet-colonel  and  brigadier-general, 
U.  S.  A.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Mer- 
rimack  Manufacturing  Co.,  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  in 
1874  became  treasurer  of  the  Manchester  Mills, 
continuing  in  this  connection  until  1891.  when  he 
retired  from  active  business.  Gen.  Palfrey  was 
the  author  of  a  number  of  papers  relating  to  mili- 
tary operations  during  the  civil  war  which  are  of 
decided  historical  value.  He  was  a  man  of  real 
engineering  talent,  a  natural  mathematician,  and 
with  most  of  the  qualities  of  temperament  which 
a  mathematician  ought  logically  to  have.  Charles 
Francis  Adams,  a  life-long  friend  of  Gen.  Palfrey, 
said  of  him:  "From  boyhood  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  at  more  than  the  allotted  age  of  man,  his 
characteristics  underwent  no  considerable  change. 
From  early  youth,  all  through  maturity  to  a 
ripe  age,  they  were  essentially  of  the  sterling  type. 
Like  his  father  he  was  severely  conscientious.  His 
sense  of  duty  and  obligations  was  pronounced  and 
a  law  unto  him.  What  he  deemed  right  that  he 
did;  nor  could  anything  deflect  him  from  what  he 
saw  as  the  straight  line  of  conduct. ' '  He  served  ax 
one  of  the  visiting  board  of  Thayer  School  of 
Dartmouth  College.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Har- 
vard Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society,  the  Military  His- 
torical Society  of  Massachusetts  and  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society.  He  was  married  in 
1873  to  Adelaide  Eliza,  daughter  of  Samuel  R. 
Payson  of  Boston  and  had  three  children:  John 
Gorham,  Francis  Winslow  and  Hannah  Gilbert, 
wife  of  Pr.  James  B.  Ayer.  He  died  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  .Inn.  29.  IfMlfi. 

TEDFORD,  William  Hamill,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Blount  county,  Teun.,  Nov.  8,  1844,  son  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Hamill)  Tedford  of  colonial 
and  revolutionary  ancestry.  His  father,  a  fanner, 
removed  with  his  family  to  Louisa  county,  la.,  in 
1851,  and  the  son  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  there.  At  sixteen  he  enlisted  as  private  in 
Co.  F,  llth  Iowa  volunteer  infantry,  serving  in 
the  Federal  army  during  the  civil  war  and  par- 
ticipating in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Vicks- 
burg,  Atlanta  and  the  campaign  in  Georgia.  After 
two  years  at  Grand  View  (la.)  Academy  he  was 
graduated  at  the  college  of  law  of  State  Univer- 
sity of  Iowa,  in  lsi>9,  with  the  degree  LL.B.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  soon  after  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Corydon,  la.  In 
1891  he  was  elevated  to  the  position  of  district 
judge  in  the  8th  judicial  district,  was  twice  re- 
elected,  serving  twelve  years,  during  which  he  was 
not  reversed  by  the  supreme  court  in  an  equity 
case.  He  resigned  from  the  bench  in  1901  because 
of  impaired  health.  Prior  to  his  judicial  activities 
he  had  served  on  one  side  or  the  other  in  prac- 
tically all  of  the  important  litigations  in  the  county. 
During  1S7H-79  he  was  associated  in  practice  with 
Lewis  Miles,  and  during  1908-11  was  a  partner  of 
H.  H.  Carter,  under  the  firm  style  of  Tedford 
&  Carter.  Aside  from  his  professional  activities 
he  was  a  director  in  the  Wayne  County  Construc- 
tion Co.,  which  built  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska 


railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  system,  and  was  the  dominant  factor  in 
securing  right-of-way  in  Wayne  county  for  the 
St.  Paul  and  Kansas  City  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad.  He  served  on  the 
executive  committee  which  built  the  present  Wayne 
county  court  house.  When  on  the  bench  he  stead- 
fastely  declined  to  naturalize  an  alien  who  was  in 
any  way  associated  with  the  liquor  traffic.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  curator  of  the  Iowa 
State  Historical  Society.  In  polities  he  was  a 
Republican,  and  was  a  communicant  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church.  Judge  Tedford  was  a  man 
of  exceptional  strength.  He  was  cast  in  a  large 
mould ;  belonged  to  the  heroic  type  of  men  whose 
intellect  was  of  the  highest  order.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  22,  1875,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  Capt. 
William  W.  Thomas.  She  survived  him,  with  one 
child:  Eva,  who  married  Charles  B.  Miles.  He 
died  at  Corydon,  la.,  July  25,  1917. 

SWAN,  'William  Batchelder,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Belfast,  Me.,  May  2,  1825,  son 
of  Nathan  and  Annabel  (Poor)  Swan.  Nathan 
Swan,  his  father,  a  native  of  Methuen,  Mass- 
early  became  one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens 
of  Belfast;  was  proprietor  of  a  bakery,  sheriff  of 
Waldo  county,  and  captain  of  the  Belfast  company 
which  saw  service  in  the  war  of  1S12.  William 
B.  Swan  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city.  At  twenty  he  began  a  busi- 
ness career  as  clerk  in  the  general  store  of  Paul 
R.  Hazeltine,  the  Belfast  merchant,  ship-builder 
and  philanthropist.  Through  the  Hazeltine  ship- 
ping interests  he  obtained  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  foreign  and  domestic  goods,  as  well  as  country 
produce.  He  also  gathered  a  useful  fund  of 
information  concerning  the  commerce  of  New  Eng- 
land, and  in  fact  of  the  entire  country,  which  stood 
him  in  good  stead  in  his  future  career  as  merchant. 
In  1853  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  Thomas 
H.  Marshall,  and  as  Marshall  &  Swan  carried  on 
a  wholesale  and  retail  business  for  approximately 
fourteen  years,  dealing  in  all  kinds  of  grains,  flour 
and  West  India  goods,  with  the  exception  of 
liquors,  the  latter  then  being  a  large  stock  in 
trade  in  other  stores  of  that  day.  When  he  sold 
out  his  interest  in  the  store  he  opened  another 
under  the  firm  name  of  William  B.  Swan  &  Co., 
his  partner  at  that  time  being  A.  Cutter  Sibley, 
afterward  a  prominent  shoe  manufacturer.  He 
continued  in  this  business,  and  at  the  same  address, 
until  his  death,  at  which  time  he  was  perhaps 
the  oldest  merchant  in  active  service  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  one  of  the  best  known.  Coal  and  salt 
were  added  to  other  commodities  handled  by  the 
firm,  and  the  volume  of  trade  increased  year 
by  year.  In  1877,  Edward  Sibley  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  business,  Cutter  Sibley  having  retired, 
and  in  1,881  it  was  incorporated  as  the  Swan  & 
Sibley  Co.,  of  which  the  subject  was  president. 
Subsequently  it  was  reorganized  as  the  Swan,  Whit- 
ten  &  Bickford  Co.,  of  which  he  was  likewise  presi- 
dent, and  in  which  he  was  associated  with  Frank 
L.  Whitten  and  Charles  S.  Bickford.  The  trade 
of  this  concern  assumed  great  magnitude,  and  the 
house  and  its  senior  partner  became  well  known 
beyond  the  territorial  limits  of  the  United  States, 
and  at  his  death  enjoyed  a  liberal  trade  with  Cen- 
tral ami  South  American  countries.  Even  after 
he  had  passed  his  91st  birthday  he  continued  to 
take  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  corpora- 
tion, and  each  day  was  seen  on  the  streets  of 
Belfast  going  to  and  from  his  office  in  the  City 
National  Bank,  of  which  institution  he  had  for 
years  been  president.  He  served  two  terms  as 


248 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


mayor  of  Belfast,  was  a  leading  member  of  the 
Belfast  board  of  trade,  and  of  the  board  of  man- 
agers of  the  First  Parish  Unitarian  Church,  Bel- 
fast, and  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Waldo 
county  hospital.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  Republican  party.  He  was  twice  married,  (I) 
Mar.  IS,  Isdb',  to  Maria,  daughter  of  James  1'. 
Gammaus,  a  sea  captain  and  merchant,  of  Belfast. 
There  was  one  child:  Annabel,  who  married  Walter 
B.  Kelley,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  His  first  wife  died  iu 
1876,  aud  he  was  married  (II)  in  1*79  to  Abbey 
H.  Faunce,  of  Belfast,  Me.,  who  survives  him.  He 
died  at  Belfast,  Me.,  Aug.  12,  1916. 

HOOPER,  Francis  Xavier,  inventor  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  23, 
1S54,  sun  of  James  and  Susan  (Schmidt)  Hooper. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  a 
French  Huguenot  who  left  his  native  land  after 
the  Edict  of  Nantes  and  settled  on  Hooper 's 
Island,  Eastern  Shore,  Maryland.  James  Hooper, 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  sea  captain.  Francis 
.Xavier  Hooper  received  his  education  iu  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city.  He  began  his  business 
career  iu  Baltimore  in  1874.  He  early  took  the 
initiative  in  many  enterprises,  and  built  the  first 
electric  railway  in  Baltimore.  Afterwards  he  was 
engaged  in  the  printer 's  supply  business,  and 
eventually  he  became  a  manufacturer  of  type  and 
printing  presses.  He  soon  became  recognized  as 
one  of  Baltimore 's  foremost  inventors.  He  built 
the  first  presses  for  printing  on  tin,  also  the  first 
rotary  color  presses  for  printing  on  flour  sacks, 
lineu,  jute  bags,  and  labels.  He  invented  rotary 
multi-color  presses  for  printing  on  wood,  fibre- 
board  and  corrugated  paper;  these  presses  gained 
a  world-wide  reputation  and  are  used  extensively 
all  over  the  world,  being  manufactured  by  the  F. 
X.  Hooper  Co.,  at  Glen  Arm,  Baltimore  county, 
Md.,  of  which  corporation  he  was  president  until 
his  death.  He  conceived  the  idea  of  furnishing 
small  plants  with  steam  power,  but  a  few  years 
after  establishing  his.  first  central  plant  it  was 
wiped  out  in  the  great  Baltimore  fire.  His  first 
invention,  a  wood  printing  press,  was  completed 
in  1S*6,  and  he  obtained  his  first,  patents  in  1SS7. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic 
party.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  automo- 
biling.  He  played  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  active 
development  of  the  printer 's  art  in  the  United 

States.     He  was  married  (I)  to  

of  Baltimore;  (II)  June  28,  1906,  to  Florence, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Hamilton  Wyatt,  a 
farmer,  of  Virginia;  she  survives  him  with  three 
children  by  the  first  union:  Martha  A.,  who  mar- 
ried Dr.  Atherton  Siedell;  Elizabeth  E.,  who  mar- 
ried Mr.  Walter  H.  Gramly,  and  Alma  Grace,  who 
married  George  W.  Mediuger.  He  died  at  Glen 
Arm,  Md.,  Nov.  22,  1916. 

ROGERS,  Arthur  Curtis,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  bora  near  Decorah,  la.,  July  17,  Is.j6, 
son  of  Ansel  and  Cynthia  (Benedict)  Rogers.  His 
father  was  a  Quaker  minister.  Arthur  Curtis 
Rogers  was  graduated  at  Earlham  College,  Rich- 
mond, Ind.,  in  1S77,  with  the  degree  B.  S.  After 
a  brief  experience  at  teaching  he  became  steward 
of  the  Iowa  State  School  for  the  Feeble  Minded, 
Glenwood.  His  work  there  proved  so  interesting 
that  he  resolved  to  specialize  in  it,  and  toward 
that  end  completed  a  medical  course  at  the  college 
of  medicine,  State  University  of  Iowa,  at  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1883  with  the  degree  M.D. 
Earlham  College  gave  him  the  degree  LL.D.  in 
1905.  For  one  year  following  his  graduation  in 
medicine  he  was  head  of  the  Oregon  State  School 
for  Indians,  then  at  Forest  Grove.  In  1S85  he 


became  superintendent  of  the  Minnesota  School 
for  Feeble  Minded  and  Colony  for  Epileptics, 
Faribault,  and  continued  in  that  relation  until  his 
death.  He  early  became  recognized  as  one  of 
the  country 's  leading  workers  among  defectives. 
During  the  incumbency  of  Dr.  Rogers  the  insti- 
tution at  Faribault  grew  from  one  building  with 
fifty  patients  to  cover  I,OUU  acres,  employing  oUU 
teachers  and  housing  1,600  inmates.  Experiments 
conducted  there  by  him  have  added  broadly  to 
general  knowledge  of  problems  on  the  mentally 
defective  and  the  school  is  now  known  as  a  model 
of  its  kind.  Inquiries  into  the  family  histories  of 
inmates  and  the  data  compiled  from  them  was  a 
notable  part  of  the  work  under  his  guidance.  With 
the  assistance  of  field  agents  he  carried  this  work 
to  unusual  length  as  it  applied  to  the  subjects  in 
the  Faribault  school.  His  efforts  in  this  line  wmi 
him  large  recognition.  He  was  president  (1898) 
Minnesota  Conference  Charities  and  Corrections; 
president  (1911)  Minneapolis  Academy  Social 
Science,  and  at  his  death  its  secretary  aud  treas- 
urer; secretary  and  treasurer  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Study  of  Feeble  Minded;  chairman 
committee  on  defectives  National  Conference 
Charities  and  Correction,  1889  and  1902 ;  chair- 
man sub-committee  on  defectives  of  committee  on 
eugenics,  American  Breeders '  Association,  and 
member  American  Medical  Association,  Minnesota 
State  Medical  Society,  Rice  County  Medical  So- 
ciety, American  Academy  of  Medicine,  American 
Association  for  the  Study  of  Epilepsy,  and,  by 
appointment  of  Gov.  Burnquist,  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  commission  to  revise  laws  relating  to 
children.  He  was  a  Republican,  and  a  member 
of  the  Quaker  church.  He  was  for  years 
editor-in-chief  of  the  ''Journal  of  Psycho-As- 
thenics. "  Not  only  as  an  observer  and  a  research 
scholar  was  Dr.  Rogers  known  to  the  medical 
world,  but  also  as  a  teacher,  and  he  trained  for 
higher  service  many  of  his  assistants.  He  left 
behind  him  a  name  placed  at  the  head  of  Western 
sociologists  ami  investigators.  He  was  married 
July  17,  1882,  to  Phoebe,  daughter  of  Warner  M. 
Coffin,  a  miller,  of  Columbus,  Kan. ;  she  survives 
him,  with  three  children:  Eloise,  who  married  Mrs. 
Walter  M.  West,  Minneapolis;  Helen,  who  mar- 
ried William  B.  Pearee,  Fairbault ;  and  Arthur 
W.  Rogers,  a  lieutenant  U.  S.  army.  Arthur  Curtis 
Rogers  died  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Jan.  2,  1917. 
(Portrait  opposite  page  247.) 

PUFFER.,  Charles  Chenery,  editor  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  at  Coleraiue,  Mass.,  June  15, 
1X41,  son  of  Chenery  and  Lucy  Thomas  (Alden) 
Puffer.  His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
George  Puffer,  who  came  from  England  in  1639, 
settling  in  Boston,  Mass.  From  his  son  James, 
who  married  Mary  Ludden,  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  Jabez  and  his  wife  Mary 
Glazier;  their  sr  n  Samuel  and  his  wife  Dorothy 
Haynes;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Olive  Rice, 
and  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Ruth  Willis,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  Charles  Chenery  Puffer. 
Samuel  (5)  was  a  captain  in  the  French  and 
Indian  war,  and  sergeant  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
Our  subject's  father  was  a  prominent  physician 
of  Coleraine  and  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.,  nn<l 
president  of  the  Franklin  County  Medical  Society. 
On  the  maternal  side  he  is  a  direct  descendant  of 
John  and  Priscilla  ((Mullins)  Alden.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and  the 
Shelburne  Falls  Academy,  and  was  graduated 
B.A.  at  Rochester  University  in  1863.  He  was  the 
poet  of  his  class,  and  a  member  of  the  Delta 
Kappa  Epsilon  fraternity.  In  1864  he  entered 


JOHN  J.  PHELPS 
FINANCIER 


EUGEXE  P.  ROBERTS*  >X 
BANKER 


FREDERIC  H.  ZEIGEN 
AUTHOR 


JAMES  B.  SINNOTT 
MERCHAN1 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


24'J 


the  Shelburne  Falls  Bank  as  cashier,  and  subse- 
quently established,  in  New  York  city,  the  banking 
house  of  (_'.  ('.  Puffer  &  Co.  In  1868  he  went  to 
South  Carolina  to  edit  the  "Columbia  Union- 
Herald,"  the  only  Republican  daily  in  the  state, 
and  in  partnership  with  Gov.  Chamberlain,  was 
the  owner  of  the  paper.  In  1873—74  he  was  re- 
ceiver of  the  Bank  of  the  State.  He  engaged  in 
mining  operations  in  Colorado  in  1875,  having  dis- 
posed of  his  newspaper  interests,  and  in  1*84 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  glass  enameled 
steel  products,  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  In  1902  the 
business  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the 
Pfaudler  Co.,  which  he  served  as  president  until 
a  short  time  prior  to  his  death,  when  he  assumed 
the  position  of  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors, 
also  chairman  of  the  board  of  English  and  German 
corporations.  In  connection  with  its  subsidiary 
companies  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Schwetzingen,  Baden, 
Germany,  and  in  London,  England,  this  concern 
is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  Through 
untiring  and  incessant  labor,  he  made  it  a  fitting 
example  of  what  optimism,  energy  and  sound 
judgment  may  accomplish.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  a  director  of  the  Central  Bank  of 
Rochester,  and  a  member  of  the  University  and 
Genesee  Valley  clubs,  and  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce. In  partnership  with  his  brother-in-law, 
William  G.  Markham,  he  owned  a  model  dairy  of 
400  acres  at  Rush,  N.  Y.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican.  His  keen  interest  in  public  affairs, 
loyalty  as  a  citizen,  his  broad-mindedness  upon  all 
public  questions,  his  unfailing  charity  and  courtesy 
endeareil  him  to  all  who  knew  him.  Much  reading 
and  wide  travel  made,  him  an  extremely  interesting 
conversationalist.  Mr.  Puffer  was  married  May  1, 
1S65,  to  Susan  Emma,  daughter  of  Guy  Markham, 
of  Rush,  N.  Y.,  and  had  two  children:  Isabel  ami 
Linda  Dana  Puffer.  He  died  in  Rush,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
2,  1015. 

PHELPS,  John  Jay,  financier,  was  born  in 
Paris,  France,  Sept.  27,  1S61,  son  of  William  Wal- 
ter (<i-v.)  and  Ellen  (Sheffield)  Phelps.  His  father 
was  a  noted  lawyer,  and  a  liberal  benefactor  of 
Yale  College.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  during 
1873-75;  in  1881  was  appointed  envoy  extraordin- 
ary and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Austria,  and  in 
1889-93  was  U.  S.  minister  to  Germany,  after- 
wards becoming  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and 
appeals  of  New  Jersey.  The  mother  of  John  Jay 
Phelps  was  a  daughter  of  Joseph  E.  Sheffield 
(q.r.),  founder  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School 
at  Yale.  John  Jay  Phelps  was  educated  in  Sig- 
lar's  School,  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  and  Yale  College, 
being  graduated  at  the  latter  in  1883.  He  spent  the 
ensuing  two  years  in  the  employ  of  the  Farmers ' 
Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  in  New  Y'ork  city,  where  he  ob- 
tained a  comprehensive  grasp  of  the  methods  of 
management  of  large  financial  interests,  and  since 
1885  has  devoted  himself  to  the  management  of 
the  various  enterprises  in  which  he  is  interested. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Hackeusack  (N.  JO 
National  Bank,  and  a  director  of  the  Hackcnsack 
Trust  Co.,  the  United  States  Trust  Co.  (New 
York),  and  the  Cayuga  &  Susquehanna  railroad. 
Fur  many  years  he  was  president  of  the  Strong  & 
Trowbridge  Co.,  of  New  York  city,  and  was  for 
two  terms  a  member  of  the  board  of  chosen  free- 
holders of  Bergen  county,  N.  J.  On  the  outbreak 
of  the  war  with  Spain, "in  1898,  Mr.  Phelps  was 
commissioned  ensign  in  the  volunteer  forces  of 
the  1".  S.  navy,  and  was  acting  lieutenant  and 
signal  officer  on  the  U.  S.  S.  Celtic,  during  the  war. 
When  war  with  Germany  was  declared,  in  1917, 
Mr.  Phelps  was  already  a  member  of  the  U.  S. 


Naval  Reserve  Force,  having  received  a  commis- 
sion as  ensign  on  Mar.  2s,  1917.  On  June  25, 
1917,  lie  was  given  command  of  the  U.  S.  S. 
"Perfecto, ''  and  on  Dec.  7,  1917,  he  was  given 
command  of  the  U.  S.  S.  "Calumet,"  on  which 
vessel  he  was  in  active  service  throughout  the  war 
with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Order  of  the  Founders  and  Patriots  of  America, 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  Military  Order  of 
Foreign  Wars  (New  York  and  New  Jersey),  the 
Navy  League  of  the  United  States,  the  United 
Spanish  War  Veterans,  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  the  New  Jersey  State  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  the  American  Geographical  Society, 
the  New  England  Society,  the  Hamilton  Club  of 
Paterson,  N.  J. ;  the  Union  League  and  Hacken- 
sack  Golf  clubs  of  Hackensack;  the  Union  League, 
University  and  Yale  clubs  of  New  York  city; 
the  Graduate  Club  of  New  Haven,  Conn.;  the  New 
York  Yacht.  Seawanhaka-Corinthian  Yacht,  Sach- 
em's Head  Yacht,  Branford  Yacht,  Oritani  Field, 
New  Haven  Auto,  New  Jersey  Auto  and  Motor 
clubs  and  the  Automobile  Club  of  America.  He 
also  belongs  to  the  Psi  Upsilon  (Beta  Chapter) 
and  Scroll  and  Keys  (Yale)  fraternities.  Mr. 
Phelps  is  an  ardent  yachtsman;  in  1885  he  built 
and  sailed  the  schooner  yacht  Brunhilde  around 
the  world  from  New  York  city,  via  England,  Suez, 
India,  Chinese  ports,  San  Francisco  and  around 
Cape  Horn.  The  Brunhilde  was  the  first  American 
yacht  to  accomplish  this.  He  was  married,  Apr. 
26,  1888,  to  Rose  Janet,  daughter  of  Jo'scelyn 
Hutchinson  of  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  and  has  two 
daughters:  Dorothy  and  Rose  Phelps. 

ROBERTSON,  Eug-ene  Philip,  banker,  was 
born  near  Condit,  Cnlhoun  co.,  Mich.,  Aug.  23, 
1S41,  son  of  Cyrus  and  Permela  (Suyder)  Robert- 
son. His  father,  a  native  of  New  York  state, 
became  a  pioneer  farmer  in  southern  Michigan 
at  a  day  when  that  country  teemed  with  Indians. 
Eugene  P.  Robertson  attended  _  the  University  of 
Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor.  Later  he  began  a  busi- 
ness career  as  clerk  for  Mayhew  &  Irwin,  pro- 
prietors of  a  private  bank  at  Albion,  subsequently 
entering  the  service  of  the  Albion  Exchange  Bank, 
of  which  he  became  one  of  the  two  chief  owners, 
and  remaining  in  that  relation  until  1894.  He 
organized  in  1895,  the  Albion  State  Bank,  of  which 
he  was  president  until  his  death,  anil  from  time 
to  time  was  associated  with  various  other  financial 
as  well  as  commercial  and  industrial  undertakings. 
He  had  served  as  president  of  the  village  corpora- 
tion of  Albion  and  in  1890  was  elected  mayor  of 
the  city.  He  had  also  served  as  member  of  the 
school  board.  He  was  treasurer  of  Albion  Col- 
lege and  of  the  Michigan  State  Bankers'  Associa- 
tion and  he  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  grand  high 
priest  of  the  Michigan  grand  chapter,  and  a  Knight 
Templar  of  the  Grand  Comniandery  of  Michigan, 
holding  other  exalted  positions  in  the  order.  His  po- 
litical affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  married,  Apr.  17,  1866,  to  Carrie  Louise, 
daughter  of  Aldis  Torey,  a  farmer,  of  Albion, 
Mich.;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Harry  E. 
Robertson,  a  machinist,  of  Albion.  He  died  at 
Albion,  Mich.,  Jan.  1,  1917. 

ZEIGEN,  Frederic  H.,  author,  poet,  composer, 
lecturer,  was  born  at  Saginaw,  Mich.,  in  1874,  son 
of  Casper  and  Mary  (Weber)  Zeigen.  His  father 
came  to  the  United  States  from  Basil,  Switzerland, 
in  1856.  Intending  to  follow  the  legal  profession, 
the  son  began  to  study  law  with  Hon.  John  E. 
Bird,  of  Adrian,  Mich.,  who  later  became  justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  but  after  two  years  of 
study  and  teaching  school,  he  decided  to  give  up 


250 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


law  and  entered  the  State  Normal  College,  at 
Ypsilanti,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1900,  as 
class  president  and  class  poet.  He  became  assist- 
ant in  the  department  of  literature,  taking  also 
lecture  work  at  the  University  of  Michigan.  He 
then  took  up  teaching  and  was  superintendent  of 
schools  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state.  Mean- 
time he  finished  a  course  in  law  ex-residentia,  with 
the  Nashville  (Tenn.)  College  of  Law.  Early  in 
his  career  Mr.  Zeigen  began  to  write  poems,  short 
stories  and  articles  for  magazines.  He  was  a 
contributor  to  the  ' '  Old  Waverly ' '  Magazine, 
"Four  O'Clock,"  "Success,"  "The  Gateway," 
and  other  periodicals,  both  over  his  own  name  and 
a  nom-de-plume.  He  later  remuved  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  to  become  associate  editor  of  ' '  The  Gate- 
way Magazine,"  with  which  he  was  connected  for 
many  years,  and  where  he  made  a  comfortable  for- 
tune from  successful  investments.  He  is  a  contribu- 
tor to  various  ' '  House  Beautiful ' '  magazines,  and 
is  the  author  of  "Breezes  from  the  Pines" 
(1900);  "Collected  Poems"  (1905);  "Today  is 
the  Tomorrow  of  Yesterday"  (1919);  "  Therold 
Archer  Knowlton"  (1907);  "Mrs.  Phoenix,"  and 
better  known  as  ' '  Out  of  the  Ashes  ' '  ( 19 — ) .  Mr. 
Zeigen  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Michigan 
Authors'  Association.  He  is  a  32d  degree  Scottish 
Rite  Mason,  a  member  of  the  Detroit  Yacht  Club, 
National  Geographical  Society,  National  Educa- 
tional Association,  Authors'  League  of  America, 
Scarab  Club,  International  Historical  Society,  and 
one  of  the  three  delegates  sent  to  Europe  to  trace 
the  development  of  the  Renaissance  ;  Vigilantes,  So- 
ciety of  American  Poets,  and  president  of  Authors' 
League  of  Michigan.  He  is  closely  associated  with 
James  Oliver  Curwood,  famous  writer  of  North- 
west stories,  in  scenario  and  moving  picture  work. 
He  was  married,  in  1899,  to  Myrtle  Annette  Comer, 
daughter  of  George  Comer,  of  Ypsilanti,  Mich., 
and  has  two  daughters:  Eola  Valencia,  and  Phyllis 
Myrtle  Zeigeu. 

SINNOTT,  James  Butterfield,  merchant  and 
soldier,  was  born  at  Parrish  Callan,  county  Kil- 
keimy,  Ireland,  July  25,  1*42,  son  of  James 
and  Mary  (Butterfield)  Sinnott.  At  the  age  of 
nine  he  came  with  his  mother  to  America  and 
settled  in  New  Orleans.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion at  St.  Mary's  Academy,  that  city,  and  at 
fourteen  entered  the  employ  of  the  wholesale 
grocery  and  provision  house  of  Smith  &  McKenna, 
becoming  a  floor  salesman.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  as  private  in  Company  E, 
1st  regiment  Louisiana  infantry;  accompanied 
that  command  to  Virginia,  serving  under  Col.  A. 
G.  Blanchard,  and  shortly  thereafter  was  elected 
2d  lieutenant  of  his  company,  serving  in  that 
capacity  in  southwest  Virginia  until  the  reorgani- 
zation in  1862.  He  then  joined  an  independent 
cavalry  company  under  Capt.  R.  S.  Randolph,  at- 
tached" to  the  headquarters  of  Gen.  Richard  S. 
Ewell  as  body-guard.  With  this  company  he 
served  as  a  private  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
but  late  in  1862  was  transferred  to  the  head- 
quarters of  Lieut. -Gen.  Thomas  J.  (Stonewall) 
Jackson,  then  commanding  the  2d  corps,  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia.  He  served  as  the  escort  of 
Jackson  until  the  latter 's  death,  when  his  com- 
pany rejoined  Ewell.  Subsequently  when  the 
Confederate  congress  passed  a  law  reducing  the 
number  of  men  serving  at  corps  headquarters,  his 
company  was  transferred  to  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee. 
In  the  course  of  his  service  he  participated  in  all 
the  battles  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  save 
Sharpsburg  (Antietam),  when  his  company  was 
or.  duty  with  Gen,  Ewell,  who  was  wounded  at 


Manassas  (second  Bull  Run).  At  Hanover  Court 
House  his  horse  was  shot  under  him.  When  the 
army  retreated  from  Richmond  to  Appomattox  he 
was  in  charge  of  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  detailed  to 
watch  the  passes  of  the  Blue  Ridge  mountains  and 
any  movements  of  the  Federals  down  the  Potomac 
river,  reporting  directly  to  Lee.  After  the  close 
of  hostilities  he  resumed  his  occupation  with  Smith 
iV:  McKenna.  subsequently  forming  a  connection 
with  the  wholesale  grocery  house  of  W.  G.  Lyon 
&  Co.,  New  Orleans.  In  1869  he  rejoined  his 
former  employers,  Smith  &  McKenna,  as  manager, 
and  in  1S72  became  manager  also  of  the  reorgan- 
ized firm  of  Smith  Bros.  &  Co.,  in  which  he  owned 
three-fourths  of  the  stock.  He  was  a  director  in 
the  Whitney-Central  Trust  &  Savings  Bank.  Hi- 
bernia  Insurance  Co.,  and  the  New  Orleans  Land 
Co.  He  became  recognized  as  one  of  most  expert 
green  coffee  men  in  the  United  States,  and  a 
shrewd  buyer.  Owing  to  heavy  importations  and 
a  slump  in  the  market  his  corporation  was  forced 
into  bankruptcy,  but  he  again  started  to  rebuild 
his  shattered  fortunes  as  a  coffee  broker,  and  was 
climbing  steadily  when  death  ended  his  career. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  New  Orleans  carnival 
associations,  United  Confederate  Veterans,  Society 
of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  New  Orleans 
board  of  trade,  New  Orleans  Sugar  Exchange. 
New  York  Coffee  Exchange  and  the  Pickwick 
Club,  New  Orleans.  He  was  commissary  general 
of  the  Louisiana  division,  United  Confederate 
Veterans.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church.  No  man  in  the  busi- 
ness world  of  New  Orleans  was  more  widely  known 
or  more  prominent  than  Col.  Sinnott.  He  was 
married  Sept.  6,  1866,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Butterfield,  of  Nova  Scotia ;  she  died  in 
1912.  There  are  six  surviving  children:  Mary, 
who  married  Charles  J.  Holland;  Emma  Sinnott; 
Ella,  who  married  Raoul  Valon;  Charles  J. :  James 
B.,  and  Henry  Lee  Sinnott.  James  Butterfield  Sin- 
nott died  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  July  22,  1017. 
(Portrait  opposite  page  249.) 

GRAFF,  John  Francis,  manufacturer  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Buffalo  Furnace  (now  Worth- 
ington),  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  Aug.  12,  1857,  son 
of  Peter  and  Susanne  (Lobengier)  Graff,  and 
grandson  of  John  and  Barbara  (Baurn)  Graff.  His 
paternal  grandfather  came  from  Germany  in  17S3, 
eventually  settling  on  a  farm  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Pa.  In  1865,  Peter  Graff,  father  of  the 
subject,  founded  what  is  now  the  Peter  Graff  & 
Co.  Woolen  Mills  of  Worthington.  His  purpose 
was  to  create  an  industry  by  which  the  widows 
of  the  civil  war  might  earn  a  livelihood.  The 
concern  today  is  one  of  the  best  known  manufac- 
turers of  pure  woolen  blankets  in  the  country,  and 
during  the  European  War  was  engaged  in  work 
for  the  Federal  government.  J.  (Frank)  Graff 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  public  schools 
and  at  Stevens  Hall,  the  then  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Pennsylvania  (now  Gettysburg)  College, 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was  graduated  at  Pennsyl- 
vania College  in  1879  with  the  degree  A.B.  He 
then  began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  the 
company  store  of  Peter  Graff  &  Co.  Upon  the 
death  o"f  his  father,  in  1890,  he  succeeded  him 
as  a  partner  in  Peter  Graff  &  Co.,  and  continued  in 
that  relation  until  his  death.  From  time  to  time 
he  was  connected  with  various  other  undertakings. 
He  was  a  director  in  the  Merchants'  National  Bank 
of  Kittaning  from  its  organization,  and  president 
of  the  institution,  and  he  was  a  director  in  the 
P.  McGraw  Wool  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  and  in  the  Alth- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


251 


win  Sand  Co.,  Pittsburgh.  He  was  also  engaged 
in  farming,  and  was  actively  interested  in  the 
civic  and  religious  affairs  of  his  community.  He 
served  a  number  of  yars  as  justice  of  the  peace, 
was  for  fifteen  years  a  school  director,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Republican  county  committee,  delegate 
to  the  state  convention  of  1897,  served  two  terms 
(1900-04)  in  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  representa- 
tives; was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1912  and 
re-elected  to  that  body  in  1916,  and  in  1904  was 
a  Roosevelt  elector.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Penn- 
sylvania College;  was  for  twenty-seven  years  an 
elder  in  the  Worthingtoii  Lutheran  Church,  and  for 
a  similar  period  was  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day school.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  andtheld 
membership  also  in  Phi  Kappa  Psi  fraternity, 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Royal  Arca- 
num, and  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  farming.  J.  Frank  Graff 's  domi- 
nating personal  characteristic  was  his  great  gener- 
osity, his  desire  to  help  those  in  need,  and  he  was 
of  the  type  of  man  who  did  not  publish  his  good 
deeds.  He  was  married  (I)  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
Dec.  27,  1881,  to  Carrie  Louise,  daughter  of  James 
Brown,  president  of  the  Lutheran  Theological 
Seminary,  Gettysburg;  she  died  in  1902.  He  was 
married"  (II)  at  Stewart  Station,  Pa.,  June  1, 
1904,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  David  Stewart,  a 
farmer  of  that  place;  she  survives  him,  with  six 
children  by  the  first  union:  James  Brown  Graff,  a 
physician,  Portage,  Pa.;  Peter  Graff,  III,  a  miller, 
Woithington,  Pa.;  Major  John  F.  Graff,  Jr.,  a 
lawyer;  Mary  Hay,  who  married  Dr.  J.  Paul 
h'raiitz,  deal-field,  Pa.;  Edmund  Dutille,  a  manu- 
facturer, Worthington,  Pa.;  Richard  Morris,  a 
student,  and  two  children  by  the  second  union: 
Grier  Stewart  and  Smith  Stewart  Graff,  students. 
John  Francis  Graff  died  at  Worthingti/u,  Pa.,  June 
(i,  191*. 

BUTLER,  James  Joseph,  lawyer,  legislator 
and  capitalist,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Aug. 
29,  1S62,  son  of  Edward  and  Ellen  (O'Neil)  But- 
ler. His  father,  a  celebrated  St.  Louisian,  was 
known  as  the  ' '  Village  Blacksmith  ' '  and  rose 
from  the  forge  and  anvil  to  be  the  leader  of  the 
Democratic  party  in  St.  Louis,  and  the  owner  of 
a  long  chain  of  blacksmith  shops  in  the  city.  James 
Joseph  Butler  was  graduated  at  St.  Louis  Univer- 
sity in  1881  with  the  degree  B.S.  He  studied 
law  at  the  St.  Louis  Law  School;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Missouri  in  1884,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  St.  Louis.  From  the  time 
that  he  attained  his  majority  he  became,  like  his 
father  and  one  of  his  brothers,  a  factor  in  poli- 
tics. He  served  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu- 
cation during  1882-83,  and  was  city  attorney  during 
1386-94.  He  was  a  member  of  the  57th  and  58th 
congresses  (1901-05)  from  the  12th  Missouri  dis- 
trict. He  was  twice  elected  to  congress  and  twice 
unseated  by  party  vote  after  serving  the  entire 
terms.  He  was  seated  on  the  3rd  term,  having 
been  elected  by  a  larger  majority  than  at  either 
of  the  two  previous  elections.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Democratic  national  conventions  of  1904 
and  1908.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Bibliophile 
Society,  Boston ;  of  various  law  associations,  and 
of  numerous  social  organizations  in  St.  Louis. 
After  he  returned  from  Washington  he  withdrew 
from  politics  and  became  a  theatrical  magnate. 
He  was  a  director  and  subsequently  became  presi- 
dent of  the  Empire  Circuit  Co.,  Cincinnati,  which 
operated  a  chain  of  burlesque  houses  from  coast 
to  coast.  Aside  from  these  and  his  legal  activities 
he  was  president  of  the  National  Copper  Mining 
Co.,  and  the  Anthracite  Coalette  Fuel  Co.,  St. 


Louis  corporations.  As  the  survivor  of  Col.  Ed- 
ward Butler's  three  sons,  Edward,  John  and 
James,  he  was  made  executor  of  the  $5,000,000 
estate.  He  had  virtually  been  an  invalid  for  five 
years.  During  the  last  tlnee  years  of  his  life  he 
was  both  blind  and  deaf,  yet  he  continued  to  man- 
age the  large  estate  he  owned  and  the  estate  left 
by  his  father  by  communicating  through  his  wife; 
he  could,  however,  speak  without  difficulty.  He 
was  a  picturesque  and  prominent  figure  in  the  pol- 
itical life  of  St.  Louis,  yet  he  was  little  understood 
or  known.  He  was  a  scholar  and  student  and  never 
really  liked  politics.  The  environment  of  his  early 
life  and  desire  to  please  his  father  caused  him  to 
enter  polities.  In  his  home  he  had  a  library  of 
approximately  4,000  volumes,  and  a  collection  of 
paintings  second  to  none  in  a  private  home  in 
the  Mound  City.  History  and  political  economy 
were  his  hobbies.  One  of  his  peculiarities  was 
that  he  would  never  have  a  book  in  his  library 
until  the  author  was  dead.  He  also  had  no  paint- 
ings by  contemporary  artists.  He  was  at  one  time 
a  great  reader  of  poetry,  although  a  scoffer  as 
to  its  value.  A  most  peculiar  thing  then  was  that 
after  he  became  blind  and  deaf,  he  dictated  to 
Mrs.  Butler  several  poems.  He  called  poems  ' '  in- 
spirational "  but  otherwise  held  them  to  be  of 
small  value.  Modest  and  unassuming  Col.  James 
J.  Butler  was  known  only  to  a  few  intimates.  He 
died  with  a  smile  on  his  face — a  Butler  tradition. 
He  was  extremely  generous,  almost  to  a  fault ; 
fearless,  courageous  ami  truthful.  Quietly  and  un- 
ostentatiously he  did  much  for  charity.  His  chief 
delight  was  to  help  artists.  He  was  firm  in  ad- 
hering to  his  own  conceptions  of  right ;  fearless  to 
express  his  opinions;  positive  in  his  character 
and  able  to  maintain  with  skill  ami  ability  his 
views  on  all  important  questions.  Yet  his  en- 
lightened and  charitable  mind  made  him  careful 
to  respect  the  views  of  others.  He  was  married 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Aug.  11,  1806,  to  Rose  Mary, 
daughter  of  Richard  Lancaster,  a  real  estate  man 
of  St.  Louis;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Ed- 
wanl  Lancaster  Butler  (1898).  James  Joseph 
Butler  died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May  31,  1917. 

NOCK,  Frederic  Stephen,  naval  architect  and 
yacht  builder,  was  born  in  Birmingham,  England, 
Nov.  20,  1871,  son  of  Stephen  Leith  and  Emma 
(Marsh)  Nock  and  came  with  them  from  London 
in  1885,  settling  in  Providence.  His  father,  an 
expert  worker  in  metals,  made  the  Crystal  Palace 
( 'up  for  music,  and  was  a  noted  authority  on 
antiques  and  Gothic  architecture.  He  started  the 
Ecclesiastical  Department  of  the  Gorham  Co., 
famous  silversmiths,  and  brought  this  department 
to  a  high  state  of  perfection.  Later  on  he  in- 
augurated their  Bronze  Statuary  Department.  He 
was  known  as  a  celebrated  designer  of  ecclesiastical 
work,  a  good  engineer  and  metallurgist.  Frederic 
S.  Nock  received  his  preliminary  education  under 
the  preceptorship  of  private  tutors,  at  Hand's 
School,  London.  He  graduated  from  the  British  & 
Foreign  School  Society,  London,  in  1885.  In  1888 
he  started  his  business  career  with  his  father  who 
was  then  with  the  Gorham  Co.,  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  there  he  learned  the  trade  of  pattern  maker 
in  wood  and  metal.  In  1892  ho  studied  under  J. 
Gill  and  in  1896  under  W.  Hanscom,  naval  archi-- 
tects.  He  started  designing  yachts  in  1895,  and 
two  years  thereafter  opened  the  Narragansett 
Yacht  Agency,  at  Providence.  In  1900  he  accepted 
a  position  as  designer  and  superintendent  for  the 
Holmes  Shipbuilding  Co.,  at  West  Mystic,  Conn., 
and  in  1902  purchased  the  plant  of  the  John 
Saunders  Marine  Railway  Co.,  at  East  Greenwich, 


252 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


R.  I.  The  business,  which  met  with  a  unique  suc- 
cess from  the  outset,  has  increased  from  year  to 
year,  and  under  normal  conditions  approximately 
one  hundred  yachts  are  wintered  there.  Many 
notable  power  cruisers  have  been  built  by  his  com- 
pany, but  the  most  radical  is  the  "Ethelsa,"  a 
90-foot  high-speed  cruiser,  built  in  1905  for  J.  R. 
Harding  of  Boston,  and  which  has  a  speed  of  23 
knots,  with  a  300-H.P.  standard  motor.  He  holds 
membership  in  the  Society  of  Naval  Architects 
and  Marine  Engineers,  National  Association  of 
Engine  and  Boat  Manufacturers,  New  England 
Engine  &  Boat  Association,  Rhode  Island  Yacht 
Club,  Corinthian  Yacht  Club,  Hartford  Yacht  Club, 
Bristol  (R.  1.)  Yacht  Club,  Barriugton  Yacht  Club, 
Edgewood  Yacht  Club,  East  Greenwich  Yacht  Club, 
Boston  Yacht  Club,  and  Bay  Spring  Yacht  Club. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  yachting,  fishing, 
hunting,  swimming  and  other  aquatic  sports.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Varnum  Continentals,  a  mili- 
tary organization  of  East  Greenwich,  R.  I.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party. 
Ho  is  a  communicant  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He 
was  married  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  30,  1897,  to 
Florence  Eveline,  daughter  of  Samuel  T.  Adams 
a  jewelry  and  silverware  designer  of  Providence. 

REAM,  Carducis  Plantagenet,  painter,  was 
born  near  Lancaster,  O.,  May  8,  1S38,  son  of 
Jonas  P.  Ream.  His  father  was  a  lawyer.  Car- 
ducis Plantagenet  Ream  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools.  As  a  painter  he  was  self-taught.  He 
had  a  quick  perception  of  the  beautiful  in  nature, 
and  it  was  through  his  love  for  nature  that  he 
first  took  up  painting.  He  was  an  indefatigable 
worker,  and  early  made  a  specialty  of  the  painting 
of  fruit,  which  he  painted  realistically,  and  with  a 
good  feeling  for  color  values.  He  also  painted 
a  number  of  landscapes  and  marines,  as  well  as 
portrait  and  figure  studies.  He  painted  only  in 
oils.  His  work,  principally  still  life,  was  exhibited 
for  years  in  the  Royal  Academy,  London,  and  at 
numerous  American  exhibitions,  where  it  re- 
ceived much  favorable  comment.  After  spending 
several  years  in  N»w  York  city  he  eventually  lo- 
cated in  Chicago.  One  of  his  best  pictures,  "Just 
Gathered,"  is  among  the  permanent  collection  of 
the  Art  Institute,  Chicago.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Art  Institute  of  Chicago,  and  was  the  first 
Chicago  painter  to  have  a  picture  included  in 
the  permanent  collection  of  the  institute.  Prac- 
tically all  his  paintings  are  owned  in  America.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  June  20,  1917. 

SATJTERS,  William  Davis,  coal  operator,  was 
born  at  Upper  St.  Clair,  Allegheny  county,  Pa., 
Nov.  25,  1869,  son  of  John  David  and  Eliza- 
beth (Espy)  Sauters.  His  father,  who  was  pro- 
prietor of  a  general  store  and  a  coal  operator, 
served  in  the  Federal  army  during  the  Civil  War 
as  a  member  of  the  62d  regiment  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  infantry,  part  of  the  time  as  lieutenant 
on  the  staff  of  Maj-Gen.  Darius  N.  Couch  (q.v.). 
The  maternal  grandfather  of  the  subject  was 
Capt.  Espy,  of  the  62d  Pennsylvania  regiment, 
who  was  killed  in  action  at  Gaines  Mill,  Va.,  in 
1862.  William  D.  Sauters  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools:  at  Trinity  Hall,  Washington, 
Pa.,  and  at  Duff 's  Commercial  School,  Pittsburgh. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  his  business 
career  at  McDonald,  Pa.,  as  bookkeeper  for  his 
father.  About  1894  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  O., 
and  in  a  small  way  began  an  independent  career 
in  the  coal  business,  with  a  3-ard  at  Newburg. 
He  engaged  also  in  jobbing  in  car  lots,  subse- 
quently added  another  yard  on  the  west  side  of 
the  city,  and  then  sold  out  his  yards  and  gave 


his.  entire  attention  to  jobbing.  Until  1903  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Sauters-Skeele  Coal  Co, 
He  then  organized  the  Sauters  Coal  Co.,  a  close 
corporation  of  which  he  remained  the  executive 
head  until  his  death,  and  he  was  also  a  co-partner 
with  his  brother,  Thomas  E.  Sauters,  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh &  Cleveland  Coal  Co.,  coal  mine  owners 
and  operators.  The  latter  concern  was  incor- 
porated under  the  same  title  at  the  beginning  of 
1916,  and  he  was  elected  president,  continuing  in 
that  relation  until  his  death.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Wcstwood  Golf,  Cleveland  Athletic,  and  Clif- 
ton Clubs,  Cleveland,  and  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  golf. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  He  contributed  largely  to  the  up- 
building of  Cleveland.  He  married  at  Newark, 
O.,  Oct.  18,  1892,  Mary  Abbott,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Oliver  P.  Sook,  a  physician  of  Newark;  she  sur- 
vives him,  with  two  children:  Lois  Elizabeth,  and 
William  Frederic  Sauters,  college  students.  He 
died  in  Cleveland,  O.,  July  9,  1917. 

TOMXINSON,  Daniel  Webb,  banker  and 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Bataria,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  1, 
1849,  son  of  Daniel  W.  and  Susan  (Everett)  Tom- 
linson.  His  father,  a  native  of  Vergennes,  Addi- 
son  co.,  Vt.,  was  at  eighteen  furnished  with  let- 
ters of  introduction  to  several  residents  of  Mobile, 
Ala.,  and  arrived  in  that  city  with  but  twenty-five 
cents  in  his  pocket.  He  became  a  clerk  in  the  office 
of  a  firm  of  cotton  brokers  and  at  the  end  of  four 
years  he  was  chief  clerk  and  was  entrusted  with 
all  transactions  of  a  confidential  nature.  In  1837 
the  business  passed  into  his  hands,  and  he  so  en- 
larged his  operations  that  in  the  short  space  of 
six  years,  and  while  still  a  young  man,  he  was 
enabled  to  retire  with  a  splendid  fortune.  In  1842 
he  removed  to  Geuesee  county,  N.  Y.,  and  pur- 
chased a  large  farm  and  mansion  near  Alexander. 
Soon  afterward  he  established  the  Exchange  Bank 
of  Genesee,  of  which  he  became  vice-president,  and 
in  1S49  he  removed  to  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  having  by 
this  time  taken  the  entire  management  of  the 
bank  and  removed  it  to  that  village,  buying  all  of 
tlie  stock.  In  1S59  he  decided  to  close  up  the  af- 
fairs of  the  bank  in  order  to  give  attention  to  his 
private  fortune,  which  had  now  become  very  large. 
In  this  transaction  he  realized  150  per  cent  upon 
the  capital  stock,  after  paying  all  liabilities.  He 
then  became  a  large  shareholder  in  the  Rochester 
£  Buffalo  Railroad  and  by  the  consolidation  of 
the  Central  roads  he  realized  a  premium  of  44  per 
cent  on  his  holdings  in  this  company.  He  became 
a  director  in  several  railroads  in  western  New  York 
and  became  interested  in  a  number  of  commercial, 
industrial  and  financial  enterprises,  all  of  which 
enured  to  his  advantage.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
to  realize  the  value  of  the  steam  cotton  press  and 
took  one  to  Mobile  to  introduce  it  in  the  South.  It 
was  often  said  that  his  old  Exchange  Bank  was 
the  only  bank  in  New  York  state  which  did  not 
refuse  specie  payment  during  the  civil  war.  Daniel 
Webb  Tomlinson,  the  subject,  with  the  exception 
of  two  years  wh-vn  he  was  connected  with  the  Man- 
ufacturers'  and  Traders 'Bank  of  Buffalo,  at  which 
time  he  was  a  member  of  Taylor  Volunteer  Hose 
Co.,  and  one  year  in  Y'onkers,  spent  all  of  his  life 
at  Batavia,  where  he  received  his  education  in  pub- 
lic and  private  schools.  He  was  the  owner  of  exten- 
sive business  properties,  and  never  failed  to  sup- 
port the  best  interests  of  the  community.  In  1S76, 
upon  the  organization  of  the  Bank  of  Batavia,  he 
was  elected  a  director,  and  for  some  time  previous 
to  his  death  was  surviving  member  of  the  original 


FREDERIC  S.  NOCK 
NAVAL  ARCH1TU    I 


CARDUCIS  P.  REAM 
ARTIST 


WILLIAM  D.  SAUTERS 

MERCHANT 


DANIEL  \V.  TOMLINSON 
BANKER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


253 


board,  while  from  1882  he  was  president  of  the 
institution.  He  was  a  director  in  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Batavia  and  in  the  Winrd  Plow 
Co.  from  the  time  it  located  at  Batavia,  in  1876. 
He  was  an  organizer  of  the  New  York  State  Bank- 
ers' Association.  His  political  alliliatiou  was  with 
the  Democratic  party,  ami  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  committee  when  his  friend,  Grover  Clevelaad, 
was  elected  governor  and  president.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  village  board  of  Batavia  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  trustees.  For  years  he  was  a 
vestryman  of  St.  James's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Batavia  library 
association  before  it  was  merged  with  the  Union 
school  library;  was  for  twelve  years  president  of 
the  board  of  education.  At  the  time  of  the  dedi- 
cation of  the  Holland  Land  Otiice  at  Batavia, 
in  1894,  he  was  a  director  of  the  Holland  Pur- 
chase Historical  Society,  and  had  much  to  do  with 
the  success  of  that  celebration.  He  gave  much  of 
his  time  to  the  welfare  of  the  New  York  State 
Institution  for  the  Blind,  Batavia,  and  as  mem- 
ber and  president  of  the  board  of  managers  was 
unsparing  in  his  efforts  to  further  this  form  of 
education.  He  served  on  the  sewer  and  pure  water 
commissions  of  Batavia.  He  was  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  Batavia  Club,  Batavia,  and  a  member 
also  of  the  Batavia  chamber  of  commerce,  New 
York  state  chamber  of  commerce,  Automobile 
Club,  Buffalo,  Automobile  Club,  Rochester,  and 
a  Mason  of  32d  degree.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  automobiling.  Few  men  fill  so  large  a 
place  in  any  community  as  he  filled  at  Batavia. 
He  married  at  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1871,  Una, 
daughter  of  Heman  J.  Redfield,  of  Batavia ;  she 
survives  him,  with  three  children:  Daniel  Webb, 
Jr.,  of  Batavia;  Everett  Redfield,  of  Batavia,  and 
Redfield  Tomlinson,  of  Rochester.  Daniel  Webb 
Tomlinson  died  at  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  July  19, 
1917. 

DEEMER,  Elias,  banker,  lumberman  and  leg- 
islator, was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  Jan.  3, 
1838,  son  of  John  and  Eleanor  Raederle  Deemer. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor,  one 
Diemer,  came  from  Rhenish  Bavaria  in  the  early 
part  of  the  18th  century,  probably  in  1707,  and 
settled  at  Germant'own,  Pa.  The  line  of  descent 
is  traced  to  Michael  Deemer,  grandfather  of  the 
subject,  who  prior  to  the  war  of  the  revolution, 
was  a  large  land  holder  at  Nockamixon,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.  John  Deemer,  father  of  the  subject,  was 
a  farmer  of  Durham  township,  Bucks  eo.  Elias 
Deemer  received  his  education  in  public  schools 
and  under  the  preceptorship  of  private  tutors. 
He  early  evinced  a  desire  for  business,  and  at 
fifteen  was  clerk  in  a  mercantile  establishment,  of 
which  he  became  sole  proprietor  at  twenty.  la 
1859  he  was  made  bookkeeper,  collector  and  sales- 
man for  W.  X.  Treichler,  an  extensive  lumber 
manufacturer  and  dealer  of  Kiutnerville,  Pa.,  and 
in  that  capacity  became  thoroughly  grounded  in 
the  lumber  business.  Later  he  went  to  Philadel- 
phia, entering  a  wholesale  notion  house.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  for  the  civil  war  as  private  in  Co.  E, 
104th  regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry, 
but  the  following  year  was  discharged  from  the 
army  on  the  Virginia  Peninsula  for  physical  dis- 
ability. During  1863-68  he  was  engaged  in  a 
mercantile  enterprise  at  Milford,  N.  J.  He  then 
settled  at  Williamsport,  Pa.,  where  he  became  an 
independent  lumber  operator,  and  during  the 
palmy  days  of  the  industry  in  the  West  Branch 
valley  he  was  one  of  the  leading  lumber  manufac- 
turers of  the  district.  His  lumber  operations  en- 
tered more  or  less  into  nine  counties  in  Pennsyl- 


vania, and  to  Mississippi,  where  the  town  of 
Deemer  was  founded  and  named  after  him.  He 
was  the  executive  head  of  Elias  Deemer  &  Co.; 
treasurer  and  active  manager  of  Strong,  Deemer  & 
Co.,  Ltd..  and  president  Williamsport  Land  & 
Lumber  Co.,  Williamsport  &  Chesapeake  Co.,  and 
from  189.1  was  president  also  of  the  Williamsport 
National  Bank.  In  Mississippi  the  Deemer  Lum- 
ber Co.  operated  immense  mills,  his  holdings  there, 
sold  immediately  prior  to  his  death,  involving  ap- 
proximately $1,000,000.  At  his  death  he  owned 
also  immense  timber  land  tracts  in  North  Carolina. 
He  was  formerly  a  joint  publisher  of  the  Wil- 
liamsport "Republican,"  and  subsequently  he  be- 
came one  of  the  owners  of  the  <(News, ''  which 
later  was  merged  with  the  "Sun."  From  time 
to  time  he  was  a  factor  in  various  Williamsport 
industries,  and  he  was  the  largest  employer  of 
labor  in  the  county.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  was  long  a 
dominant  factor  in  Republican  ranks  in  county 
and  state.  He  served  two  terms  (1S88-S9)  as 
member  and  president  of  the  Williamsport  com- 
mon council.  In  1S96  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Republican  national  convention,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  McKinley  men.  In  1900  he  was  elected 
to  the  57th  congress  to  represent  the  16th  district, 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Lycomiug,  Potter, 
Tioga  and  Clinton,  and  he  was  reflected  in  1902 
and  1904  to  the  5Sth  and  59th  congresses,  but 
was  defeated  in  190(3  and  1908  by  William  B. 
Wilson,  afterwards  secretary  of  labor  in  the  Wil- 
son cabinet.  Starting  in  life  as  a  farmer's  boy 
he  made  his  way  through  his  own  efforts  and  the 
force  of  a  strong  personality.  He  was  a  man 
of  quiet  and  kindly  disposition,  much  given  to 
philanthrophy.  He  was  the  last  of  central  Penn- 
sylvania's great  lumbermen,  and  it  was  given  to 
him  to  outlast  the  industry  in  which  he  had  always 
held  such  a  prominent  place.  He  was  a  stead- 
fast believer  in  the  old  school  Republicanism.  In 
all  his  years  he  enjoyed  enviable  distinction  for 
conservatism,  command  of  large  affairs,  wisdom 
and  a  supreme  sense  of  justice.  He  was  married 
at  Milford,  N.  J.,  Nov.  9,  1865,  to  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  Ralph  Hunt,  a  merchant  of  Milford. 
She  died  in  1913.  There  are  four  surviving  chil- 
dren: William  Russell,  a  lawyer  of  Williamsport; 
Mary  Lillian,  Laura  Hunt,  aiid  Lulu  May  Deemer. 
He  died  at  Williamsport,  Pa.,  Mar.  29,  1918. 

MAY,  Joseph,  clergyman,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Jan.  21.  1836,  son  of  Samuel  Joseph  and 
Lucretia  Flagge  (Coffin)  May,  and  a  descendant 
of  John  May,  a  ship-master  of  Sussex,  England, 
who,  with  his  wife  Sarah,  came  to  this  country  in 
his  own  ship,  settled  in  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  and 
became  a  member  of  Roxbury  parish;  his  descend- 
ants seem  to  have  continued  largely  in  shipping 
and  corporate  interests;  from  him  the  line  is  traced 
through  his  son  John  and  the  latter 's  wife  Sarah 
Brewer;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Prudence 
Bridge;  their  son  Ebeuezer  and  his  wife  Abigail 
Gore;  their  sou  Samuel  and  his  wife  Catherine 
Mears;  and  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Dorothy 
Sewall,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  present 
Joseph  May.  Joseph  May  (6),  called  by  courtesy 
"Colonel,''  as  captain  of  the  Boston  cadets,  was 
a  prominent  citizen,  for  more  than  forty  years 
secretary  of  the  Boston  Marine  Insurance  Co.,  and 
for  over  thirty  years  a  warden  of  King's  Chapel; 
his  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Sewall  (q.v.), 
chief  justice  of  Massachusetts,  and  niece  of 
Dorothy  Quincy,  wife  of  John  Hancock  (q.v.). 
His  son,  Samuel  Joseph  (q.v.),  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  the  celebrated  class  of  1817, 


254 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


and  became  a  prominent  Unitarian  minister.  After 
settlements  in  New  England,  he  was  for  over 
twenty  years  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  Church  in 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  was  prominent  in  various 
philanthropies,  particularly  in  the  anti-slavery 
cause,  in  which  he  was  closely  associated  with 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  (q.v.)  and  Wendell  Phillips 
(q.v.).  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Peter  Coffin, 
a  leading  merchant  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  by 
whom  he  had  four  children.  His  second  son, 
Joseph,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1857,  and  would  have  graduated  as 
first  scholar,  had  he  not  been  ill  most  of  his  senior 
year.  While  in  college  Mr.  May  was  secretary  of 
Phi  Beta  Knppa,  Harvard  chapter;  a  member  of 
the  Hasty  Pudding  Club,  Alpha  Delta  Phi  and 
other  societies.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  "Harvard  Magazine"  in  prose  and  verse. 
Owing  to  his  illness,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  col- 
lege early  in  his  senior  year,  but  at  commencement 
received  his  A.B.  degree.  During  his  absence  he 
was  elected  class  orator  by  his  classmates,  but 
was  obliged  to  decline  the  honor.  In  1865  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  Divinity  School,  and  was 
immediately  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  Hope 
Unitarian  Church  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he 
became  pastor  of  the  First  Religious  Society  of 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  in  1876  pastor  of  the 
First  Unitarian  Church  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
where  he  continued  twenty-five  years,  resigning  in 
1901  and  becoming  pastor  emeritus.  During  the 
ensuing  eight  years,  he  resided  much  abroad, 
travelling  extensively,  and  thereafter  lived  in  Phil- 
adelphia. He  was  the  author  of  a  life  of  Rev. 
Samuel  Longfellow,  brother  of  the  poet,  and 
edited  a  volume  of  his  sermons.  He  also  wrote 
a  volume  entitled,  "Miracles  and  Myths  cf  the 
New  Testament"  (1901).  The  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Jefferson  University, 
Philadelphia,  in  1887,  and  that  of  D.D.  by  Mead- 
ville  (Pa.)  Theological  School  in  1914.  Dr.  May 
was  a  man  of  unusually  devout  spirit,  and  im- 
pressed on  all  who  came  in  contact  with  him  the 
saintly  quality  of  his  character.  Like  his  father, 
he  was  outspoken  in  his  views  and  was  considered 
radical  in  religious  thought.  Interested  in  civic 
affairs,  he  preached  many  sermons  which  are  said 
to  have  strongly  influenced  the  reform  movements 
for  the  betterment  of  the  city  and  state.  His  fine- 
ness of  nature  and  feeling  was  the  product  of  a 
worthy  original  endowment  and  a  long  life  of 
loyalty  to  the  best  ideals.  His  attainments  as 
a  scholar,  his  vision  as  a  prophet,  his  example  as 
a  citizen  live  on  in  the  memory  of  those  who 
knew  him.  He  was  married  (1),  Oct.  24,  1865, 
to  Harriet  Charles,  daughter  of  Philip  C.  Johnson, 
of  Washington,  D.  C.,  sister  of  Adm.  Johnson  and 
of  Eastman  Johnson  (q.v.),  the  artist;  their  chil- 
dren were:  Lucretia,  wife  of  Abiam  H.  Winter- 
steen,  lawyer,  of  Philadelphia;  John  Edward,  a 
banker  and  broker  of  Chicago,  111.;  Sarah,  wife 
of  Walter  D.  Edmunds,  lawyer,  of  New  York;  and 
Major  William  Ropes  May,  medical  reserve  corps 
of  the  U.  S.  army.  Mrs.  May  died,  and  he  was 
married  (2),  Nov.  25,  1891,  to  Elizabeth  Bacon, 
daughter  of  Warner  Justice,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  9,  1918. 

PETERSON",  Oscar  Charles,  lawyer  and  lec- 
turer, was  born  in  Smoland,  Sweden,  Dec.  15,  1857, 
son  of  Charles  and  Anna  Margaret  (Person) 
Peterson,  and  came  with  them  to  America  in  1S6S, 
settling  in  Webster  county,  la.  His  father  was  a 
farmer.  Oscar  Charles  Peterson  was  graduated  at 
Iowa  State  College  in  1882  with  the  degree 
B.Sc.,  subsequeatly  taking  j.  post-graduate  course 


at  that  institution  and  receiving  the  degree  M.Pr. 
in  1883.  He  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  law 
of  Drake  University,  Des  Moines,  la.,  in  1884, 
with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Iowa  and  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Des  Moiues,  removing  to  Chi- 
cago in  1895.  He  has  continued  uninterruptedly 
in  general  practice  and  has  organized  and  pro- 
moted many  corporations.  He  has  also  devoted 
much  time  to  Republican  state  and  national  cam- 
paign work;  has  made  extensive  lecturing  tours 
in  the  middle  western  states,  and  has  contributed 
many  articles  for  the  newspaper  press.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  law  associations,  the  Masonic 
and  other  fraternities.  His  favorite  pursuit  is  the 
study  of  philosophic,  economic  and  sociological 
subjects,  and  he  is  known  as  an  original  and  in- 
dependent thinker.  His  lecture  topics  include: 
"Is  the  World  Getting  Better  or  Worse1?"  "The 
Almighty  Dollar/'  "The  Compass  of  Life," 
"Love,  Courtship  and  Matrimony,"  "Discovery 
of  America  by  the  Northmen,"  "Swedish  Foot- 
prints in  American  History,"  "Jesus,  the  Perfect 
Man,"  and  "The  Trial  of  Christ  from  a  Lawyer's 
View. ' '  He  has  been  called  an  excellent  example 
of  that  Swedish-American  type  of  manhood  and 
ripe  scholarship  which  makes  its  influence  felt  in 
the  intellectual  field  of  our  new  era.  He  is  a  ver- 
satile platform  speaker,  and  an  orator  of  great 
ability.  He  was  married  Feb.  18,  1886.  He  has 
two  children:  Ruth  M.,  who  married  Charles  E. 
Griffin  (deceased),  and  Genevieve  L.  Peterson,  a 
school  teacher. 

PHILLIPS,  William  Segar,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  in  November,  1842,  son  of 
George  Day  and  Cynthia  (Bates)  Phillips.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Rochester,  England,  was  a 
business  man  who  settled  in  Lynn,  Mass.  During 
the  youth  of  the  subject  the  family  removed  to 
East  Boston,  where  the  son  received  his  education 
in  public  schools,  including  the  Chapman  School. 
He  early  became  the  nominal  head  of  the  family; 
served  as  machinist's  apprentice  at  the  Atlantic 
Works,  East  Boston,  and  for  years  was  expert 
journeyman  in  that  trade.  In  1886  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where  with  Louis  M.  Doup  he 
formed  the  firm  of  Phillips,  Doup  &  Co.,  which 
was  subsequently  incorporated  and  of  which  he 
was  president.  This  concern  achieved  an  almost 
nation-wide  reputation  in  the  steam-heating  busi- 
ness. In  18 —  they  gained  control  of  the  National 
Barrow  Co.,  Brooklyn,  manufacturing  more  than 
two  hundred  different  patterns  of  iron  and  steel 
wheelbarrows,  and  enjoying  practically  a  monopoly 
in  that  business.  He  was  the  inventor  or  designer 
of  many  of  these  barrows.  He  held  membership 
in  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Politically  he  was  a 
Republican  and  he  was  a  communicant  and  active 
in  the  Sunday  school  as  superintendent,  of  the 
Universalist  churcn.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  athletics  <~f  all  kinds  until  his  later  years. 
He  was  able,  conscientious,  and  patriotic,  and  had 
great  talent  for  administration  and  leadership.  He 
was  married  in  East  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1860,  to 
Harriet  L.,  daughter  of  Captain  Nickerson,  a  sail- 
ing master  of  East  Boston;  she  died  in  1909.  He 
married  Oct.  22,  1910,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Harriet 
(Louisa)  Mead,  daughter  of  Aaron  D.  Crane,  a 
business  man  and  inventor,  of  Boston;  she  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  29, 
1919. 

LtTDLOW,  Nicoll,  naval  officer  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  Iblip,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
11,  1842,  son  of  William  Handy  and  Louise 
(Nicoll)  Ludlow.  His  father  (q.v.)  was  a.  brevet 


JOSEPH  MAY 
CLERGYMAN 


OSCAR  C.  PETERS'  >X 

LAWYKK 


WILLIAM  S.  PHILLIPS 

MANUFACTURER 


XICOLL  LUDLOW 
X AVAL  OFFICER 


ALEXANDER  LOGAN  MORTON 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


255 


major  general  and  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Dix 
at  Fortress  Monroe  during  the  civil  war.  His 
brother,  William  Ludlow  (q.v.),  was  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  Spanish-American  war.  Edwin  Lud- 
low, another  brother,  is  vice-president  of  the  Lehigh 
Coal  and  Navigation  Co.  Nicoll  Ludlow  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  in 
1863.  He  was  made  an  ensign  Oct.  1,  1863;  mas- 
ter in  1866;  lieutenant  in  1867;  lieutenant  com- 
mander in  1868;  commander  in  1881;  captain  in 
1895,  and  retired  as  rear  admiral,  at  his  own  re- 
quest, in  1899,  after  forty  years  of  faithful  service. 
During  1863-64  he  was  attached  to  the  steam  sloop 
' '  Wachusett. ' '  This  vessel  captured  the  Con- 
federate cruiser  ' '  Florida  ' '  in  the  harbor  of  Bahia, 
in  1864.  He  served  as  instructor  in  gunnery  at 
the  Naval  Academy  during  1870-73,  and  during 
the  ensuing  three  years  he  was  on  the  South  At- 
lantic Station,  and  later  stationed  at  the  Naval 
Torpedo  Station,  Newport,  R.  I.  From  1877  to 
1880  he  was  on  the  European  Station,  and  during 
1883-86  was  in  command  of  the  steam  sloop 
"Quinnebaug"  on  the  same  station.  The  fol- 
lowing three  years  he  rpent  as  lighthouse  inspector 
of  the  12th  district,  and  in  1891-92  was  in  charge 
of  the  9th  district.  He  commanded  the  "  Mohican" 
in  1893,  then  the  flagship  of  the  Pacific  squadron. 
In  1895  he  was  at  the  Naval  War  College,  New- 
port. In  1896  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
"Monterey,"  and  in  1897  assumed  command  of 
the  "Terror,"  then  attached  to  the  North  At- 
lantic squadron.  In  this  capacity  he  came  into 
prominence  during  the  Spanish-American  war. 
The  most  remarkable  of  a  series  of  prize  captures 
made  by  the  monitor  "Terror"  was  the  seizure 
of  the  blockade  runner  "  Guido "  bound  from 
Spain  for  Havana.  The  race  for  Morro  Castle  is 
remembered  as  one  of  the  most  dramatic  incidents 
of  the  war.  Despite  the  fact  that  the  heavy  moni- 
tor had  the  outside  track,  she  slowly  overhauled  the 
"Guido,"  and  finally  brought  her  to  a  stop  with 
a  broadside  of  solid  shot  from  her  six-pound  guns. 
Subsequently  Rear  Adml.  Ludlow  was  in  command 
of  the  battleship  "Massachusetts."  During  1904- 
07  he  served  as  a  governor  of  the  Naval  Home, 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Zoological  Society,  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  a  companion  of  the  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion,  and  he  held  membership  also 
in  the  Century,  University,  and  New  York  Yacht 
clubs,  New  York.  The  historic  St.  John  's  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church,  the  second  oldest  on  Long 
Island,  stands  on  the  Ludlow  property  at  Oakdale. 
The  original  edifice  was  erected  about  1765,  and 
remodeled  in  1842.  Rear  Adml.  Ludlow  was  the 
first  person  to  be  baptized  in  the  building  after 
it  was  renovated.  No  services  have  been  held  in 
the  church  since  1875,  and  it  was  dropped  from 
the  ecclesiastical  connection  with  the  diocese  in 
1*S9.  Rear  Adml.  Ludlow  personally  supervised 
the  erection  of  a  tomb  in  the  old  churchyard, 
in  which  his  ashes  are  interred.  In  his  will 
he  gave  to  the  Long  Island  diocese  $15,000  to  be 
held  in  trust  for  his  church,  and  that  document 
made  bequests  also  to  the  Emma  Willard  School, 
Troy,  N.  Y.;  St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H. ; 
University  Club,  New  York;  Farmington  Lodge 
Society,  and  the  Navy  Relief  Society.  He  was 
married  (I),  May  12,  1870,  to  Frances  Mary 
Thomas,  daughter  of  the  American  consul  at 
Valparaiso,  Chile.  She  died  in  New  York,  Feb. 
15,  1873,  leaving  two  children:  Nicoll,  Jr.,  (died 
in  1886),  and  Mary,  who  married  Samuel  F.  Streit 
(deceased),  a  governor  of  the  New  York  Stock 
Exchange.  AdmL  Ludlow  was  married  (II),  Feb. 


15,  1897,  to  Mary  (McLean)  Bugher,  daughter  of 
the  owner  of  the  "Cincinnati  Inquirer,"  and  sister 
of  the  wife  of  Admiral  George  Dewey.  She  died 
in  October,  1915.  Adml.  Ludlow  died  in  New  York 
city,  Dec.  9,  1915. 

MORTON,  Alexander  Logan,  soldier  and 
lawyer,  was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Ky.,  July  19, 
1846,  son  of  Quin  and  Elizabeth  Anne  (Logan) 
Morton.  The  Morton  genealogy  is  in  course  of 
preparation.  His  earliest  known  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  (at  this  time)  was  Thomas  Morton, 
who  was  in  Henrico  county,  Va.,  in  the  17th  cen- 
tury. His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Woodson,  and  from 
them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  Richard  and  his  wife  Judith  Quin;  their  son 
Quin  and  his  wife  Mary  Anderson,  to  their  son 
William  Quin  Morton  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  M. 
Venable,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alexander 
L.  Morton.  Quin  Morton  (III)  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  the  revolution.  All  of  the  Morton  an- 
cestors were  prominent  in  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Joseph  Morton,  of  Henrico  county,  was  founder, 
visitor  and  trustee  of  Hampden-Sidney  College, 
Prince  Edward  county,  Va.;  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  safety  in  the  war  of  the  revolution; 
justice  of  Charlotte  county,  Va.,  and  founder  and 
elder  of  Old  Briery  Church,  Virginia.  On  the 
distaff  side  the  subject  was  descended  from  the 
noted  Venable  family  of  New  Kent,  Louisa,  Han- 
over and  Charlotte  counties,  Va.,  also  from  the 
Woodsons,  of  Henrico  and  Prince  Edward  coun- 
ties, numbered  among  the  earliest  colonists  of  the 
Old  Dominion,  and  which  family  included  Richard 
Woodson,  of  "Poplar  Hill,"  Prince  Edward 
county,  called  ' '  Baron ' '  on  account  of  his  large 
possessions.  The  Venables  and  Woodsons  inter- 
married with  the  Michaux,  Smith,  Ferris,  Watkins, 
Anderson,  Lewis,  Davis  and  other  old  families  of 
the  state.  On  the  maternal  side  the  subject  was 
descended  from  the  Claggetts,  of  Calvert,  Prince 
George,  and  Montgomery  counties,  Md.,  and  of 
Kentucky ;  also  from  the  Beall,  Belt,  Magruder, 
Brock,  Harris,  Ridgely,  Howard,  Offutt,  Brewer, 
and  Jackson  families  of  Maryland.  His  maternal 
grandfather  was  Alexander  Logan,  of  Carlisle, 
Pa.,  and  Shelby  county,  Ky.  Quiu  Morton,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Prince  Edward 
county,  Va.,  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  for  the 
civil  war  from  Lexington,  Mo.,  as  1st  lieutenant 
and  quartermaster  of  the  23d  regiment  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry,  and  became  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  23d  regiment  Missouri  volunteers,  serving 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  Alex- 
ander Logan  Morton  received  an  appointment  to 
the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  from 
Gov.  King,  of  Missouri,  in  1864,  and  was  gradu 
ated  there  in  1868.  He  was  assigned  to  the  5th 
T1.  S.  artillery,  and  after  the  usual  service  in  tha 
west  and  as  an  instructor  at  the  academy  he  re- 
signed from  the  army,  with  rank  of  lieutenant 
in  1885.  In  the  same  year  he  was  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  Law  School;  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  New  York,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  New  York  city.  In  1883  he  became 
one  of  the  pioneer  summer  residents  of  Southamp 
ton,  L.  I.,  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
was  identified  with  the  best  interests  of  that  re- 
sort. He  was  a  founder  of  the  Shinnecock  Hills 
Golf  Club,  Southampton,  and  a  member  also  of 
the  Meadow  Club,  Southampton,  and  the  University 
Club,  New  York  city.  His  town  house  was  for  many 
years  32  West  34th  street.  He  found  his  chief  rec- 
reation in  golf,  of  which  sport  he  was  an  en- 
thusiast, and  in  his  younger  days  was  quite  expert. 


25C 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


He  was  a  Presbyterian.  His  political  affiliation  was 
with  the  Republican  party.  Col.  Morton  was  built  in 
an  heroic  mould.  He  stood  six  feet  three  inches 
in  height,  was  finely  proportioned,  and  of  soldierly 
bearing.  His  dominating  personal  characteristics 
were  his  gentleness,  refinement,  courteousness  and 
great  affability.  He  was  typical  of  the  Southern 
gentleman  of  the  old  school,  brave,  truthful,  kind- 
ly, generous,  hating  sham,  despising  hypocrisy.  To 
those  whom  he  honored  by  his  friendship  he  was 
always  loyal;  to  all  courteous  and  gentle.  His 
name  is  engraved  with  the  history  of  Southampton, 
the  summer  social  capital  of  Long  Island,  where 
his  genial  friendliness  made  him  such  a  charming 
host.  He  was  married  Jan.  21,  1S79,  to  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  Thomas  Hunt  Barber,  who  was  in  the 
mercantile  business  in  London,  England,  and  sis- 
ter of  the  late  Gen.  Thomas  Hunt  Barber,  XI.  S..A., 
of  New  York;  she  survived  him,  with  one  child: 
Elizabeth  Alexandra,  who  married  Sydney  Salis- 
bury Breese,  New  York  and  Southampton.  Alex- 
ander Logan  Morton  died  at  Southampton,  L.  I., 
N.  Y.,  June  26,  1917. 

CRAWFORD,  James  Laurence,  coal  operator, 
was  born  at  Noxen,  Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.,  Mar.  1, 
1851,  son  of  Ira  and  Elizabeth  (Schooley)  Craw- 
ford. His  grandfather,  Benjamin  Crawford, 
was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  but  removed 
with  his  parents  from  that  state  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  As  a  boy  our 
subject  worked  in  the  old  Seneca  Mine  of  the 
Pittston  &  Elmira  Coal  Co.  in  Pittston,  and  re- 
mained there  for  several  years,  becoming  succes- 
sively door-tender,  laborer  and  miner.  Ere  long 
he  was  called  to  the  superintendency  of  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley  Coal  Co.,  which  he  also  served,  as  civil 
engineer.  During  1876-78  he  was  a  contractor  foi 
the  building  of  breakers,  and  there  are  many  of 
these  structures  in  the  anthracite  region  that 
stand  as  monuments  to  his  ability.  Subsequently 
ne  removed  to  Bradford,  Pa.,  where  he  built  der- 
ricks and  speculated  in  oil.  Returning  to  the  an- 
thracite region  in  1879,  for  four  years  he  served 
as  mine  foreman  for  the  Charles  Hutchings  col- 
leries.  In  1883  he  entered  the  employ  of  J.  H. 
Swoyer  &  Co.,  and  three  years  after  took  up  his 
residence  in  Jermyn,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  for 
eight  years.  In  1SS4  he  became  identified  with 
the  collieries  in  which  Simpson  &  Watkins  were  in- 
terested, and  while  serving  as  their  superintendent 
had  charge  of  the  opening  and  development  of  the 
following  collieries:  The  Edgerton,  Northwest, 
Grassy  Island,  Sterrick  Creek,  Lackawanna,  Baby- 
lon, Mount  Lookout,  Forty  Fort  and  Harry  E.  He 
was  financially  interested  in  these  collieries,  and 
remained  with  the  company  until  1899,  when 
Simpson  and  Watkins  disposed  of  their  interests 
to  the  Temple  Iron  Co.,  of  which  he  was  super- 
intendent for  one  year,  resigning  because  of  ill 
health.  In  1901  he  became  principal  owner  and 
president  of  the  Peoples'  Coal  Co.,  his  step-son, 
James  G.  Shepherd,  being  secretary  and  treasurer. 
It  was  at  this  period  that  Mr.  Crawford  became 
prominent  in  the  public  view,  his  management  of 
the  Oxford  mines  being  marked  by  two  distinct 
successes — a  rapid  accumulation  of  wealth  and  his 
signal  victory  over  the  Miners'  XJnion  in  the  great 
strike  of  1902,  during  the  six  mouths  of  which  the 
Oxford  was  the  only  mine  IE  the  entire  region 
which  was  kept  in  operation,  and  his  conduct  ex- 
hibited his  strongest  traits  of  character.  He  main- 
tained that  the  Oxford  miners  were  satisfied  with 
their  wages  and  conditions,  and  if  his  workmen 
were  satisfied  to  continue  their  work,  he  was  de- 
termined that  they  should  not  be  molested.  For 


the  safety  and  comfort  of  his  men  he  erected 
sleeping  and  eating  quarters  at  the  colliery,  and 
provided  an  armed  force  for  duty  about  the 
premises.  In  recognition  of  the  fidelity  of  his  em- 
ployees, he  distributed  among  them  more  than 
$30,000.  The  Oxford  mine  is  the  only  one  in  the 
anthracite  belt  where  there  is  no  local  branch  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers'  Union.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Elm  Park  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  married  at  Luzerne,  Pa.,  Mar.  1, 
1882,  to  Huldah  A.,  daughter  of  James  Wilcox,  of 
Luzerne,  Pa.  Two  children  were  born  of  this 
marriage,  Byron  and  Norma  Crawford,  both  de- 
ceased. He  died  at  Indianola,  Fla.,  Feb.  19,  1905. 

POLK,  Henry  Christopher,  cotton  factor,  was 
born  at  Gratitude,  Tenn.,  Dec.  4,  1851,  sou  of 
William  Allen  and  Martha  (Barrett)  Polk.  His 
father  was  a  farmer.  Henry  C.  Polk  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  began  his  business  career  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  as  clerk  with  Arbuckle  &  Tucker.  Later 
he  retired  from  the  grocery  trade  and  became  a 
cotton  factor,  joining  the  firm  of  Polk  &  Spinning. 
This  house  was  later  incorporated  as  Polk-Shepherd 
&  Co.,  and  in  1914  he  became  head  of  the  firm 
of  Polk  &  Barksdale,  successors  to  W.  E.  Barks- 
dale  &  Co.,  and  Polk-Shepherd  &  Co.  From  time 
to  time  he  was  connected  with  various  other  com- 
mercial, as  well  as  financial,  institutions,  and  at 
his  death  was  still  president  of  Polk-Barksdale  & 
Co.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  public-spirited,  and 
untiringly  devoted  to  the  public  welfare.  He  was 
married,  May  12,  1886,  to  Alice  May,  daughter  of 
Henry  Turuage,  a  merchant  of  Munford,  Tenn. 
She  survives  him,  with  four  children:  Euna  May, 
and  Marjorie  E.,  who  married  Edward  Kennedy; 
Russell  L.  Polk,  and  Henry  C.  Jr.  Henry  Chris- 
topher Polk  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  Jan.  30,  1915. 

METZ,  George,  capitalist,  was  born  in  Stutt- 
gart, Germany,  Dec.  4,  1839,  son  of  George  Metz 
and  Mary  (Traub)  Metz,  and  came  with  his  parents 
to  America  in  1846,  settling  in  Vermont,  where  his 
father  engaged  in  the  tanning  business.  George 
Metz  was  educated  in  public  schools.  After  the  civil 
war  he  essayed  farming  in  lower  Michigan,  but 
roon  thereafter  became  manager  of  a  combination 
sawmill  and  tannery,  at  Jericho,  Mich.,  a  point  now 
lost  te  the  map.  In  this  venture  he  met  with 
unique  success  and  became  sole  owner.  Recogniz- 
ing the  advantages  of  better  transportation  facili- 
ties he  removed  his  business,  in  1870,  to  Black 
Lake,  opposite  Holland,  Mich.  In  1885  he  sold 
out  to  the  Cappon-Bertsch  Co.,  which  had  operated 
a  tannery  at  Holland,  and  subsequently  both  plants 
were  taken  over  by  Chicago  packing  house  inter- 
ests. He  took  up  his  residence  at  Grand  Rapids  in 
1885,  intending  to  retire  from  active  business  cares, 
but  he  could  not  be  idle.  After  a  period  of  for- 
eign travel  he  founded,  in  1887,  the  Grand  Rapids 
Leather  Co.,  at  Mill  Creek,  now  Comstock  Park, 
near  Grand  Rapids,  and  was  its  chief  executive 
until  1902,  when  the  plant  was  sold  to  the  Wallin 
Leather  Co.,  a  subsidiary  of  the  Central  Leather 
Co.  In  each  of  these  ventures  he  made  a  fortune. 
He  had,  from  time  to  time,  various  other  commer- 
cial, industrial  and  financial  interests,  and  after 
his  second  retirement  he  built  the  Metz  building, 
Grand  Rapids,  one  of  the  first  modern  office 
buildings  of  the  city.  Denied  by  infirmity  the  usual 
social  activities  of  church,  lodge,  commerce  and 
community,  he  found  his  chief  recreation  in  books. 
Born  and  bred  a  tanner  he  was  quick  to  see  the 
double  advantage  of  easy  transportation  by  lake, 


JAMES  L.  CRAWFORD 
MERCHANT 


HENRY  C.  POLK 
MERCHANT 


GEORGE  METZ 
MERCHANT 


t'll ARLES  \V.  COMSTOCK 

LAWYER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


257 


together  with  accessibility  to  the  seemingly  limit- 
less abundance  of  Michigan  hemlock,  while  the 
great  hide  centers  of  the  middle  West  were  almost 
at  his  factory  door.  He  knew  when  to  buy  and 
when  to  sell,  and  he  was  limited  in  his  successes 
only  by  environments,  the  number  of  people  he 
could  trade  with,  the  volume  of  business  he 
could  transact.  Three  times,  twice  as  manufac- 
turer and  last  as  capitalist  and  builder,  he  meas- 
ured and  spanned  the  successful  vision  of  his  op- 
portunity. He  was  married  at  Holland,  Mich.,  Aug. 
30,  1870,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Christopher  Bertsch. 
She  survives  him  with  one  child,  Blanche  A.,  who 
married  Thaddeus  B.  Landon,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
He  died  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Mar.  30,  1918. 

COMSTOCK,  Charles  Whipple,  lawyer,  was 
born  at  Montville,  Conn.,  Oct.  9,  1858,  son  of 
Nathan  Strickland  and  Caroline  Mary  (Whipple) 
Comstock.  On  the  paternal  side  his  descent  is 
traced  to  Rev.  John  Rogers,  the  martyr.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William 
Comstock,  who  came  from  England,  prior  to  163fi, 
located  first  at  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  and  subsequent- 
ly settled  at  New  London,  Conn.,  on  Post  Hill. 
From  him  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son,  Daniel,  and 
his  wife,  Paltiah  Elderkin;  their  son,  Daniel,  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Prentis;  their  son,  Capt.  John, 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Lee;  their  son,  Nathan,  and 
his  wife,  Mary  Green;  their  son,  Nathan,  and  his 
wife,  Mary  Rogers,  to  their  son,  Asa  Comstock, 
and  his  wife,  Sarah  Strickland,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Charles  Whipple  Comstock.  Wil- 
liam Comstock  (I)  was  among  the  twenty-six  from 
Wethersfield  in  the  expedition  commanded  by  Capt. 
John  Mason  which  captured  the  Pequot  fort  at 
Mystic,  Conn.,  in  1637,  killing  about  five  hundred 
Indians.  He  was  given  land  grants  at  Pequot 
and  Niantic,  and  in  association  with  John  Win- 
throp  he  erected  a  corn-mill  at  New  London;  both 
the  mill  and  the  dam  are  still  in  use.  Daniel  Corn- 
stock  (II)  took  up  his  residence  at  Providence, 
R.  I.,  where  in  1648  he  was  arrested  for  giving  a 
false  Indian  alarm.  Daniel  Comstock  (III)  estab- 
lished the  family  homestead  at  Uncasville,  near  New 
London.  John  Comstock  (IV)  was  captain  of  the 
3d  company,  New  London,  and  became  prominent 
in  affairs  at  Montville,  where  he  had  a  large  farm. 
Xathan  Comstock  (VI)  was  called  captain  and 
was  taken  prisoner  during  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion and  held  in  England  for  several  years.  On 
the  distaff  side  Charles  W.  Comstock  was  des- 
cended from  Henry  Wolcott,  the  ancestor  of  five 
Connecticut  governors,  while  on  the  maternal  side 
he  was  descended  from  Gov.  William  Bradford, 
of  ' '  Mayflower ' '  fame,  and  the  Groesbecks,  of 
Albany.  Nathan  Strickland  Comstock,  his  father, 
was  farmer  and  merchant  at  Montville,  where  for 
years  he  held  various  town  offices.  Charles  W.  Corn- 
stock  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Montville  and  at  Norwich  Free  Academy.  He 
relinquished  a  proposed  college  career  in  favor  of 
the  law,  beginning  his  legal  studies  at  Norwich 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Lafayette  F.  Foster 
(q.v. ),  vice-president  of  the  United  States,  under 
Andrew  Johnson  (q.v.).  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Connecticut  in  1881,  and  in  that  year  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Norwich.  He 
was  associated  in  practice  with  Charles  F.  Thayer, 
for  years  mayor  of  Norwich,  and  George  Parsons, 
later  clerk  of  the  superior  court.  He  was  admitted 
to  practice  before  the  U.  S.  supreme  court  in  1913. 
He  handled  many  important  cases,  including  the 
Robbins-Pattison  vs.  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  the 
verdict  of  which,  in  favor  of  his  clients,  was  the 


second  largest  in  the  history  of  Connecticut,  and 
only  a  few  dollars  from  the  largest.  During  Pres. 
Cleveland 's  second  administration  he  served  as 
U.  S.  district  attorney  for  the  Connecticut  district ; 
while  acting  in  that  capacity  he  handled  many 
criminal  cases,  including  one  counterfeiting  case 
of  prominence.  For  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Uncas  Power  Co.  It  was  through  his  efforts  that 
charters  were  granted  to  the  Uncas  Power  Co., 
Groton  &  Stonington  Railway  Co.,  Norwich  & 
Westerly  Railway  Co.,  and  the  Montville  &  New 
London  Railway  Co.  He  served  as  judge  of  pro- 
bate of  the  town  of  Montville  during  1889-96,  and 
represented  that  town  in  the  Connecticut  assembly 
in  1S85.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Montville  school 
committee,  and  had  been  member  of  the  town  coun- 
cil for  both  Montville  and  Bozrah.  In  1893  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Connecticut  state  senate.  During 
1909-14  he  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  state 
central  committee.  He  was  delegate  to  several 
Democratic  national  conventions,  including  that  of 
1912,  in  Baltimore,  and  it  was  he  who  influenced 
Gov.  Baldwin  to  be  a  candidate  for  the  governorship 
of  the  state.  He  himself  was  Democratic  nominee 
for  governor  of  Connecticut  in  1914.  He  was  a 
32il  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  also  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  hunting  and  fishing.  He  never 
married.  He  died  at  Montville,  Conn.,  May  9, 
1917.  His  funeral  was  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
imposing  in  the  history  of  the  community.  (Por- 
trait opposite  previous  page.) 

ARNOLD,  Conway  Hillyer,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  14,  1848,  son  of 
Henry  Nathan  Tewkesbury  and  Cornelia  Van  Vleck 
(Sleight)  Arnold,  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Arnold,  the  first  schoolmaster  of  Newark,  N.  J., 
of  whom  the  earliest  mention  was  made  in  1666; 
from  him  and  his  wife,  Mary  Benedict,  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son,  Bowley,  and 
his  wife ;  their  son,  Bowley  and  his  wife,  Charlotte 
Langstaff;  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Willson;  their  son,  Nathan,  and  his  wife,  Eliza- 
be' h  Tewkesbury,  and  their  son,  Nathan  Tewkes- 
bury, and  his  wife,  Mary  Dunn,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Conway  H.  Arnold.  Col.  John 
Conway,  the  maternal  great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  an  officer  in  the  Continental  army.  Henry 
>",  T.  Arnold,  our  subject 's  father,  was  commander 
in  the  United  States  Navy.  The  son  was  educated 
in  private  schools,  Columbia  College  Grammar 
School,  and  was  graduated  at  the  U.  S.  Naval 
Academy  in  1867.  During  1867-68  he  was  on  a 
special  cruise  on  the  Minnesota.  He  was  promoted 
to  ensign  in  1868;  master,  1870;  lieutenant,  1871; 
lieutenant-commander,  Jan.  10,  1892;  commander, 
May  11,  1898;  captain,  Sept.  17,  1902;  rear- 
admiral,  in  command  of  the  Third  Squadron  of 
the  Atlantic  Fleet,  1908;  and  retired  for  age,  Nov. 
14,  1910.  During  1868-70  he  served  on  the  Pow- 
hatan  in  the  Pacific  Fleet;  in  1870-71  he  was  on 
the  flagship  Severn,  North  Atlantic  Station,  as 
aide  to  R.  A.  Poor;  on  the  receiving  ship  Vermont 
in  1871;  aide  to  R.  A.  Stringham,  1871-72;  on 
the  Wasp,  South  Atlantic  station,  1S72-74;  Naval 
Observatory,  1874-75;  on  the  flagship  Hartford, 
North  Atlantic  station,  1875-77 ;  flag  lieutenant, 
and  secretary  to  Rear-Admiral  Trenchard,  North 
Atlantic  station,  1877-78;  commanding  the  Wyan- 
dotte,  Navy  Yard.  Washington,  1878-81;  on"  the 
Lancaster,  as  secretary  to  Rear-Admiral  Nicholson, 
1881-82;  in  special  service  on  the  Miantonoma, 
1882-83;  on  the  Nipsic,  South  Atlantic  station, 
1883-86;  Navy  Yard,  N.  Y.  city,  1886-89;  secre- 
tary to  Rear-Admiral  Gherardi;  North  Atlantic 


258 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


station,  1889  to  June,  1893;  on  the  Galena,  Kear- 
sarge,  Dolphin,  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia;  in- 
spector of  merchant  vessels  1892-94  at  New  York, 
1S93;  aide  to  Bear-Admiral  Gherardi,  Navy  Yard, 
New  York,  1894;  in  charge  of  the  Branch  Hydro- 
graphic  Office,  New  York,  1894-96 ;  on  the  battle- 
ship Massachusetts,  1896;  commanding  the  Ban- 
croft, European  station,  1S97;  lighthouse  inspector, 
6th  district,  and  commanding  the  5th  Coast  Defense 
District,  189S;  commanding  the  Glacier  and  Ben- 
nington  on  the  Asiatic  station  and  in  the  Philip- 
pines, Apr.  3,  1899,  to  Apr,,  1901 ;  president  of 
the  Wireless  Telegraphy  Board,  1902-03;  member 
of  the  examining  and  retiring  hoard ;  commanding 
the  U.  S.  R.  S.  Puritan  and  Lancaster,  Navy 
Yard,  League  Island,  Pa.;  general  inspection  of 
II.  S.  S.  West  Virginia ;  command  of  flagship 
West  Virginia,  armored  cruiser  division,  Atlantic 
Fleet,  1906-07;  special  duty  at  Naval  War  Col- 
lege, from  Nov.  4,  1907;  rear-admiral,  January, 
1908.  His  first  flagship  was  the  Dolphin,  later  he 
transferred  to  the  U.  S.  S.  Maine.  He  visited 
Venezuela  in  Dec.,  1908,  at  which  time  he  received 
the  order  of  Bolivar  from  Venezuela.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati;  Society 
of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers;  Naval 
Order  of  the  Caraboa;  Aztec  Society  of  1847; 
Army  and  Navy  Club,  Washington;  New  York 
Yacht  Club,  and  American  Universities  Club  of 
London.  He  was  married,  Nov.  17,  1870,  to  Fanny, 
daughter  of  William  W.  W.  Wood,  of  Raleigh, 
N.  C.,  engineer-in-chief ,  U.  S.  N. ;  of  this  union  two 
children  were  born,  Capt.  Conway  H.,  Jr.,  captain 
U.  S.  artillery,  U.  S.  M.  A.,  and  William  Wood 
Arnold,  both  deceased.  Rear-Admiral  Arnold  died 
in  New  York  city,  July  16,  1917. 

HEALY,  Robert  Wallace,  soldier  and  capital- 
ist, was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  22,  1S36,  son 
of  Robert  and  Ann  (Wallace)  Healy.  His  father 
was  a  farmer,  living  just  outside  of  Chicago. 
Robert  Wallace  Healy  was  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Notre  Dame  in  1859  with  the  degree 
A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from  that  insti- 
tution in  1865  and  the  degree  LL.D.  in  1908. 
Following  his  graduation  at  Notre  Dame  he  took 
a  course  in  Sloan's  Commercial  College,  Chicago, 
after  which  he  was  engaged  in  clerical  work,  in 
Chicago,  until  the  war  began.  In  October,  1861, 
he  enlisted  for  the  Civil  war  as  private  in  the 
58th  regiment,  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  and 
after  two  years  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of'  cap- 
tain; became  major  in  October,  1864;  subsequently 
was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of  his  regiment,  and 
later  served  as  brigadier  general  of  volunteers, 
being  honorably  discharged  in  1866.  He  particip- 
ated in  engagements  and  battles  at  Fort  Donelson, 
Shiloh,  Corinth,  luka,  Meridian,  on  Bank's  Red 
River  expedition,  Fort  DeRussy,  Pleasant  Hill,  Yel- 
low Bayou  and  others,  commanding  his  regiment 
in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  in  pursuit  of  Hood 
in  December,  1864.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  ap- 
pointed inspector  general  of  the  2d  division,  16th 
army  corps,  and  after  the  campaign  against  Mobile 
and  the  battle  of  Blakey  was  returned  to  his  regi- 
ment and  after  Lee's  surrender  was  garrisoned 
at  Montgomery.  Upon  receiving  his  discharge  he 
became  interested  in  the  cotton  planting  industry 
in  Alabama,  and  subsequently  became  purchasing 
agent  of  the  Erlnnger  system,  operating  the  Queen 
&  Crescent  lines  of  railway,  serving  IE  that 
capacity  from  1875  to  1889.  In  the  latter  year 
he  became  president  of  the  extensive  Ross-Mee- 
han  Foundry  Co.,  Chattanooga,  and  at  his  death 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  foremost  business  men 
of  that  city,  having  from  time  to  time  become 


identified  with  various  other  industrial,  as  well  as 
commercial  and  financial  undertakings.  Gen. 
Healy  had  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and  had  long 
been  prominent  in  politics.  He  was  a  delegate,  in 
IMiO,  to  the  Illinois  Democratic  state  convention, 
Springfield;  was  chairman  Alabama  state  Repub- 
lican committee  during  1872-74;  delegate  to  the 
Republican  national  convention  in  1S76,  and  a 
r:mdidate  for  presidential  elector  in  the  same  year. 
He  filled  many  official  positions,  each  of  which 
were  marked  by  faithful  service.  During  1867- 
77  he  was  U.  S.  marshal  for  the  middle  and 
southern  judicial  circuits  of  Alabama.  He  was  a 
director  in  the  Carnegie  Library,  Chattanooga;  a 
companion  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  and  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
and  of  the  Commercial  and  Golf  &  Country  Clubs, 
Chattanooga.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Catholic  church.  Gen.  Healy  exemplified  those 
qualities  which  we  like  to  regard  as  particularly 
American.  He  made  his  way  by  his  own  intelli- 
gent industry  and  perseverance.  He  had  the  im- 
agination to  forsee  great  business  possibilities  and 
the  well-balanced  judgment  and  force  to  make 
those  possibilities  come  true.  So  he  became  one 
of  the  notably  successful  business  men  of  the  city, 
one  through  whose  foresight  and  organizing  ability 
all  of  eastern  Tennessee  profited.  He  was  mar- 
ried (I),  Oct.  1,  1862,  to  Sarah  J.  Nolen  of 
Chicago;  she  died  in  1892;  he  was  married  (II), 
Oct.  25,  1899,  to  Jeanette,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Cooke  of  Gallipolis;  she  survives  him.  He  died  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  Nov.  3,  1912. 

BROWN,  George  Ransom,  railroad  official  and 
disciplinarian,  was  born  near  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
9,  1840,  son  of  Stephen  T.  and  Rebecca  Jane 
(Moore)  Brown.  George  R.  Brown  received  his 
education  in  the  district  schools,  and  at  an  acad- 
emy at  Waverly,  N.  Y.  At  seventeen  he  was  a 
teacher  in  the  district  schools.  As  a  youth  he  was 
a  water  boy  during  the  construction  of  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad  into  Elmira.  He  found  em- 
ployment as  a  telegraph  linesman,  and  later  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  work.  In  1864  he  took 
charge  of  the  maintenance  of  the  newly  con- 
structed telegraph  line  of  the  Fall  Brook  Railway 
Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Corning,  N.  Y.  He 
learned  the  Morse  code  and  became  a  train  dis- 
patcher. He  later  became  acting  superintendent 
of  telegraph,  and  was  subsequently  appointed  sup- 
erintendent of  telegraph,  and  chief  train  dis- 
patcher. In  1882  he  was  appointed  assistant  sup- 
erintendent of  the  railway;  became  its -general 
superintendent  in  1886,  which  position  he  held  until 
the  road  was  turned  over  to  the  New  York  Central 
system  in  1899.  He  then  accepted  a  position  with 
the  New  York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  as 
general  superintendent,  with  headquarters  at  Can- 
isteo,  N.  Y.  This  line,  which  had  been  opened  only 
a  short  time  before,  was  several  times  extended 
during  his  administration.  In  1904  he  retired 
from  that  position,  and  after  a  year  at  Corning 
he  engaged  in  the  bond  business  at  Elmira,  but 
soon  retired  from  active  cares.  He  made  various  im- 
provements for  hot  air  furnaces.  About  1880  he  be- 
came associated  with  Cyrus  S.  Hood,  of  the  present 
Hood  Furnace  &  Supply  Co.,  in  the  manufacture  of 
furnaces,  a  number  of  features  of  which  he  had 
patented.  He  eventually  sold  his  holdings  to  Hood. 
He  was  fortunate  in  his  investments,  and  achieved 
a  comfortable  fortune.  His  chief  claim  to  fame, 
however,  was  attained  through  a  system  of  dis- 
cipline which  with  some  modification  was  adopted 
by  the  majority  of  the  railroads  in  the  country 


GEORGE  R.  BROWX 

k  AILKOAH  OFFICIAL 


WILLIAM  H.  MAXDEVILLE 
INSURANCE 


JOHN  H.  HINDLEY 
CONTRACTOR 


DEXTER  B.  POTTER 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


259 


under  the  name  of  "The  Brown  System  of  Dis- 
cipline." The  old  method  of  suspension  and  dis- 
charge for  minor  errors  and  offenses  was  abolished 
and  a  personal  record  was  begun  for  each  employe 
under  this  system.  When  a  man  was  careless,  dis- 
obedient or  negligent,  whether  it  resulted  in  an 
accident  or  not,  an  investigation  was  made  and 
the  facts  ascertained.  The  man  at  fault  was  noti- 
fied to  call  and  present  his  side  of  the  case.  After 
investigation  in  which  all  parties  concerned  were 
heard  the  case  was  summarized,  decided  and  writ- 
ten up  in  the  man's  record,  and  be  was  notified  of 
the  finding  and  of  his  general  standing.  During 
all  this  time  he  continued  at  work.  As  a  part  of 
the  method  a  bulletin  board  was  used  and  all  cases 
were  posted  without  using  names.  The  board 
showed  how  easily  accidents  could  occur  and  the 
causes  that  led  to  them.  Employes,  under  this 
system,  were  forbidden  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors, 
on  or  off  duty.  In  the  last  five  years  of  the  Fall 
Brook  road  's  existence  the  extra  expense  of  wrecks 
and  other  operating  accidents  was  less  than  a 
thousand  dollars — an  unequalled  record.  The  de- 
velopment of  the  Brown  system  led  in  time  to  the 
establishment  of  the  standard  rules  for  governing 
employes  on  all  the  great  trunk  lines.  He  wrote  a 
book  on  his  system  of  discipline  without  suspension 
(Railway  Discipline  Pub.  Co.,  Easton,  Pa.,  1897), 
and  also  a  number  of  special  articles  on  the  sub- 
ject. George  R.  Brown  was  an  untiring  worker. 
He  invited  suggestions  from  every  employe,  and 
gave  full  credit  for  those  found  practicable.  He 
was  a  self-made  man  who  found  his  chief  hap- 
piness in  home  life.  He  married  (I)  at  Covington, 
Pa.,  Feb.  — ,  1S65,  Maria  Isabelle,  daughter  of 
John  Blair,  a  farmer,  of  Covington ;  she  died  in 
1901.  He  married  (II)  at  Westfield,  Pa.,  Dec. 
5,  1904,  Stella  (Rexford)  Shaw,  widow  of  Dr.  E. 
J.  Shaw,  and  daughter  of  Job  Rexford,  a  farmer, 
of  Westfield,  Pa.  She  survives  him  with  one  child, 
by  the  first  union:  Florence,  now  Mrs.  Dean  C. 
Balcom,  Corning,  N.  Y.  He  died  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1916. 

MANDEVTLLE,  William  Howard,  insurance 
broker,  was  born  at  Millport,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  15,  1841,  son  of  John  D.  and  Susan  (Pome- 
roy)  Mandeville.'  After  a  public  school  education 
he  removed  from  Belmont,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y. 
He  was  employed,  for  a  year,  at  Almond,  N.  Y., 
in  a  mercantile  establishment.  In  1SC3  he  became 
a  partner  in  the  insurance  business  at  Hornells- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  D.  Mande- 
ville &  Son,  the  business  being  removed  to  Olean, 
X.  Y.,  in  1865.  There  father  and  son  conducted 
jointly  a  growing  and  successful  business  which 
became  the  most  prominent  in  its  line  in  western 
New  York  throughout  the  half  century  following. 
The  Mandeville  insurance  agency  was  the  first  of 
its  kind  to  be  established  in  C'attaraugus  co.,  and 
Mr.  Mandeville  in  turn  was  the  oldest,  and  rated 
as  the  most  able,  insurance  agent  in  that  section 
of  the  state.  Mr.  Mandeville,  Sr.,  died  in  1867, 
and  the  firm  was  continued  under  the  name  of 
Mandeville  Brothers.  In  1879  it  represented  fif- 
teen companies,  which  at  that  time  was  considered 
phenomenal.  As  early  as  1879  the  Mandeville  firm 
had  paid  out  in  C'attaraugus  co.  over  half  a  mil- 
lion dollars  in  fire  losses.  The  C'attaraugus  County 
Board  of  Underwriters,  in  1879,  appointed  him 
president  of  that  organization,  which  office  he  con- 
tinued to  hold  until  his  death.  He  was  selected  for 
the  same  position  on  the  McKean  (Pa.)  county 
board,  and  for  many  years  served  with  marked 
satisfaction.  For  four  years,  beginning  in  1887, 
he  superintended  the  construction  of  a  line  for 


the  Lima  (Natural)  Gas  Co.,  Lima,  Ohio,  con- 
tinuing his  business  in  this  connection  at  Olean. 
His  principal  monument  is  the  Olean  Public 
Library,  of  which  he  was  a  founder.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Oleau  Library  Association,  and  was  a 
dominant  figure  in  securing  the  gift  which  made 
possible  the  Forman  Library,  of  Olean,  and  a 
subsequent  donation  of  $40,000  from  Andrew 
Carnegie  for  a  building  in  which  the  Olean  and 
Forman  libraries  were  consolidated.  In  1875  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  arrangements 
for  the  celebration  of  the  100th  anniversary  of 
American  independence  in  Olean.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  chief  of  the  Olean  fire  department.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  Olean  in  1908,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  re-elected.  He  was  always  interested 
in  the  Olean  chamber  of  commerce,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  that  organi- 
zation. He  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  was  always  active  in  church  matters. 
He  was  married  at  Nashua,  N.  H.,  Aug.  22,  1872, 
to  Helen  L.,  daughter  of  W.  W.  Eastman,  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  there  was  one  son,  W.  Harry 
Mandeville.  Mr.  Mandeville  died  at  Olean,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  12,  1911. 

HINDLEY,  John  Henry,  contractor,  was 
born  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  Nov.  12,  1847,  son  of 
Thomas  and  Caroline  (Petry)  Hindley.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Lancastershire,  England.  The  son 
was  educated  at  the  Paterson  High  School,  and 
began  his  business  career  iii  1861,  in  the  employ 
of  his  father,  who  conducted  a  tin  and  sheet  metal 
shop  at  Forty-fifth  street  and  Sixth  avenue,  New 
York  city.  At  that  time,  all  household  metal  uten- 
sils, such  as  tin  pans,  coffee  pots,  dish  pans,  etc., 
were  made  by  hand,  and  that  was  their  main  busi- 
ness. They  also  supplied  the  street  car  lines  in 
New  York  city  with  the  square  oil  lamps  which 
were  used  in  the  ends  of  the  cars.  When  John  H. 
Hindley  was  twenty-one  years  of  age  the  firm  of 
Thomas  Hiudley  &  Son  was  formed.  As  the  vicin- 
ity in  which  the  firm's  shop  was  located  gradually 
became  a  residence  neighborhood,  the  opportunity 
was  offered  to  them  to  do  other  kinds  of  work, 
and  they  began  to  employ  carpenters,  furnace  and 
range  men,  plumbers,  masons  and  plasterers,  in 
1907  employing  also  electricians.  As  they  took  on 
these  various  trades,  th'ey  made  a  specialty  of 
house  overhauling  and  repairing,  and  acquired  a 
large  patronage  among  the  well-to-do  people  of 
New  York,  who,  at  that  time,  lived  between  Four- 
teenth street  and  Central  Park.  For  many  years 
they  were  the  only  firm  in  the  city  who  employed 
all  kinds  of  house  mechanics,  and  who  could  take 
a  contract  without  subletting  any  part  of  it.  In 
the  late  '60  's  and  early  '70  's  they  also  did  build- 
ing, erecting  many  residences  between  Forty-sec- 
ond and  Fiftieth  streets.  On  the  death  of  his 
father  in  1881,  John  H.  Hindley  continued  the 
business  alone,  under  the  same  firm  name,  until  it 
was  incorporated  in  1914,  with  John  H.  Hindley 
as  president,  and  his  son  Charles  T.  Hindley  as 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Mr.  Hindley  remained  as 
president  of  the  corporation  until  the  close  of  his 
life.  The  store  and  shops  remained  at  their  old 
location,  Forty-sixth  street  and  Sixth  avenue,  until 
about  1890,  when  they  were  removed  to  No.  819 
Sixth  avenue  and  No.  105  West  Forty-sixth  street, 
where  they  now  are.  In  politics  he  was  a  Repub- 
lican, and  in  religion  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Larchmont  Yacht  and  Horse  Shoe  Harbor 
Yacht  clubs.  His  favorite  diversions  were  trotting 
horses  and  later  motoring.  He  was  married  Dec. 
5,  1S77,  to  Ada  H.  Walker,  daughter  of  Charles 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Walker,  a  wholesale  spice  merchant  of  New  York 
city;  their  children  were :  Charles  Thomas,  president 
and  treasurer  of  T.  Hindley  &  Son,  Inc.;  and  Eva 
Hart  Hindley,  wife  of  Robert  Stephen  Galston. 
He  died  at  Larehmont  Manor,  N.  Y.,  July  28, 
1017. 

POTTER,  Dexter  Burton,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Scituate,  R.  I.,  Aug.  23,  1840,  son  of  Rev.  Jeremiah 
and  Mary  Anne  (Salisbury)  Potter,  and  a  descen- 
dant in  the  eighth  generation  of  Robert  Potter,  of 
Coventry,  England,  who,  in  1634,  emigrated  to 
Xew  England;  in  1637  or  1638  he  settbd  at 
Portsmouth,  R.  I.,  and  in  1642,  with  others,  bought 
of  Sachem  Miantonomi  a  tract  of  land  that  be- 
came known  as  the  Shawomett  purchase,  after- 
wards called  Warwick,  and  is  now  practically  the 
county  of  Kent ;  from  him  and  his  wife  the  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Collins;  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife  Cath- 
erine Johnson;  their  eon  Capt.  John,  a  soldier  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife  Elsie  Ralph, 
and  their  son  Jeremiah  and  his  wife  Henrietta 
Baker,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Dexter  B. 
Potter.  His  early  years  were  spent  upon  a  farm. 
After  studying  at  Riverpoint  Classical  Seminary, 
in  Warwick,  and  at  East  Greenwich  Academy,  he 
learned  a  mechanical  business,  next  taught  school 
and  then  began  the  study  of  law.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Rhode  Island  bar  Dec.  4,  1S6S,  and 
the  bar  of  the  U.  S.  circuit  court,  Nov.  15,  1871. 
For  nearly  thirty  years  he  gave  his  entire  time  to 
active  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  state,  attain- 
ing prominence  as  a  trial  lawyer  and  conveyancer, 
and  acting  as  counsel  in  a  large  number  of  im- 
portant cases.  He  was  admitted  to  the  general 
assembly  from  Coventry  ia  1871-72,  and  was  a 
senator  in  1873-74,  declining  a  re-election  in  187.". 
He  again  served  in  the  general  assembly,  1876-78, 
the  last  two  years  as  speaker  of  the  house.  In  the 
performance  of  his  duties  as  speaker  these  two 
terms,  which  included  six  sessions,  he  never  left 
the  chair  to  engage  in  debate  nor  was  absent  a 
day,  and  never  bad  a  ruling  questioned  or  appealed 
from  by  any  member  of  the  house.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  senate  in  1879.  He  was  a  moderator 
for  two  years  in  Scituate  and  five  in  Coventry. 
He  was  a  trial  justice  in  Scituate  and  for  two 
years  a  member  of  the  school  committee.  In  1800 
he  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Providence  Tele- 
phone Co.  and  in  1896  became  president  of  that 
corporation,  continuing  thus  until  1016,  when  the 
Providence  Telephone  Co.  was  absorbed  by  the 
New  England  Telephone  &  Telegraph  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  elected  counsel,  remaining  on  the  board  of 
directors.  In  1006  he  was  chosen  president  of  the 
American  Enamel  Co.,  and  at  various  times  was  a 
director  in  banks  and  other  business  concerns.  Mr. 
Potter  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  Society 
of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  and  had 
been  one  of  its  board  of  managers;  was  a  member 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Bar  Association,  its  president 
for  one  year,  and  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee; a  member  of  the  Providence  Bar  Club,  and 
twelve  years  its  president.  He  was  a  Mason  and 
had  been  master  of  his  subordinate  lodge,  marshal 
of  the  grand  lodge,  and  district  deputy  grand 
master.  At  one  time  he  was  president  of  the 
Alumni  Association  of  the  East  Greenwich  Aca- 
demy, was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  His 
torical  Society,  the  Rhode  Island  School  of  Design, 
Masonic  Veterans  Association,  Squantum  Associa- 
tion, and  Providence  Art,  University,  Hope  and 
Turks  Head  clubs.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Providence  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  corporation 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Hospital,  the  Homoeopathic 


Hospital.  He  was  a  member  of  St.  Stephen's 
Church,  Providence.  He  was  twice  married:  (1;  to 
Emily  Hallen  July  24,  18S3;  and  (II)  June  24, 
1013,  to  Martha  S.  Clark,  daughter  of  Joseph  Law 
ton,  of  Providence.  He  died  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
Feb.  '27,  1017.  (Portrait  opposite  page  259.) 

MORBISSEY,  Andrew  Marcus,  jurist,  was 
born  at  Livonia,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  27,  1871,  sou  of 
Andrew  and  Catharine  (Dowling)  Morrissey.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Queens  county,  Ireland,  and 
a  farmer.  Andrew  Morrissey  was  educated  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife  Elsie  Ralph; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nebraska  in  1806,  and 
in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Valentine.  He  served  as  county  prosecuting  at- 
torney of  Cherry  county;  was  private  secretary  to 
the  governor  of  Nebraska,  and  deputy  attorney- 
general  of  that  state.  Since  Jan.  25,  1015, 
he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Nebraska,  being  appointed  by  the  governor,  and 
later  elected  to  the  term  ending  Jan.  6,  1021. 
During  the  Spanish-Americas  war  he  served  with 
the  2nd  Nebraska  volunteer  infantry,  as  a  member 
of  Co.  H.  He  is  a  member  of  various  lav  asso- 
ciations. He  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1008. 

TWEED,  Charles  Harrison,  lawyer,  w:ts  born 
at  Calais,  Me.,  Sept.  26,  1844,  son  of  Harrison  and 
Huldah  Ann  Pond  Tweed.  On  his  maternal  side 
he  was  descended  from  Gov.  John  Winthrop  of 
Massachusetts,  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  of  Con- 
necticut, and  from  Govs.  Thomas  and  Josenh  Dud- 
ley, of  Massachusetts;  the  two  families  being 
united  in  1707,  by  the  marriage  of  John  Winthrop, 
F.  R.  S.,  a  grandson  of  Gov.  Winthrop  of  Con- 
necticut, to  Ann,  daughter  of  Gov.  Joseph  Dudley. 
The  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  (Dudley)  Win- 
throp married  Epes  Sargent,  and  became  the 
mother  of  Col.  Paul  Dudley  Sargent  of  the  revolu- 
tionary army,  Mr.  Tweed's  great-greatgrand- 
father. Mr.  Tweed's  father  was  treasurer  of  the 
Taunton  (Mass.)  Locomotive  Manufacturing  Co., 
a  representative  and  senator  in  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  and  a  member  of  the  governor  's  coun- 
cil. The  son  received  his  early  education  at 
Taunton,  Mass.,  in  the  Bristol  Academy  and  un- 
der the  private  tutorage  of  Dr.  Henry  B.  Wheel- 
wright, of  Harvard.  In  1861  he  entered  Harvard 
College,  graduating  in  1865  at  the  head  of  his 
class.  He  then  studied  law  under  Hon.  Edmund 
H.  Bennett,  subsequently  dean  of  the  Boston  Uni- 
versity Law  School,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  receiving  his  degree  in  1868.  Mr.  Tweed 
was  admitted  to  the  New  York  Bar  in  1868,  and 
after  spending  a  few  weeks  in  the  office  of  Jackson 
&  Beaman,  entered  the  office  of  Evarts,  South- 
mayd  &  Choate.  On  Jan.  1,  1874,  he  became  a 
member  of  that  firm,  retaining  the  connection  un- 
til 1883,  when  he  withdrew  to  become  general 
counsel  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Co.,  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  Co.,  and  other  cor- 
porations in  which  Mr.  Collis  P.  Huntington  and 
his  associates  were  interested.  He  was  general 
counsel  of  the  Southera  Pacific  Co.  from  its  or- 
ganization in  1884  until  Mr.  Huntington 's  death 
in  1000,  when  he  became  vice-president  and  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  directors.  He  was  also  gen- 
eral counsel  and  president  of  the  Pacific  Mail 
Steamship  Co.  and  vice-president  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  Co.  Mr.  Tweed  was  a  partner  in 
the  banking  house  of  Speyer  &  Co.  from  1003  until 
January,  1007,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness, retaining  only  his  directorship  in  the  City 
Investing  Co.  and  his  trusteeship  in  the  Bank  for 
Savings  anil  Union  Trust  Co.,  and  spending  a 


0*'     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


261 


large  part  of  his  time  at  his  country  place  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Century, 
University,  Harvard,  Metropolitan,  Players', 
Grolier,  Down  Town,  Midday,  Riding,  and  other 
New  York  clubs,  the  Somerset  and  Tavern  clubs 
of  Boston,  the  Corinthian  and  Eastern  Yacht  clubs 
of  Marblchead,  and  the  Royal  Clyde  Yacht  Club 
of  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  Harvard  College  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Institute  of  1770,  the  Natural 
History  Society,  the  Hasty  Pudding  Club,  and  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa.  In  earlier  fife  Mr.  Tweed  was 
a  keen  fisherman  and  hunter  of  big  game.  He 
was  also  an  enthusiastic  yachtsman  and  in  the  80  's 
brought  to  this  country  from  Scotland  the  famous 
racing  cutters  "Clara,"  ' '  Shona "  and  "Min- 
erva." He  was  married  Oct.  27,  1881,  to  Helen 
Minerva,  daughter  of  William  M.  Evarts  (q.v.)  ; 
their  children  are:  Helen,  who  married  William 
Wadsworth;  Harrison;  Katharine  Winthrop,  who 
married  Graham  B.  Blaine,  and  Mary  Winthrop 
Tweed.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  11,  1917. 
McRAE,  Thomas  Chipman,  lawyer,  statesman 
and  banker,  was  born  in  Mt.  Holly,  Ark., 
Dec.  21,  1851,  son  of  Duncan  L.  and  Mary 
Ann  (Chipman)  McRae,  grandson  of  Chris- 
topher and  .leanette  (Chipman)  McRae,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Phillip  McRae,  who  came  from  Scot- 
land prior  to  the  war  of  the  revolution,  settled 
in  Robeson  county,  N.  C.,  and  served  as  a  private 
in  that  war.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools 
at  Shady  Grove  and  Mt.  Holly,  Ark.,  in  Masonic 
Academy,  Falcon,  Ark.,  and  at  Soule  's  Business 
College,  New  Orleans.  Mr.  McRae  was  graduated 
LL  B.  in  the.  Law  Department  of  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  in  1872,  taking  both  the  junior  and 
senior  courses  in  one  year,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1873,  opening  an  office  at  Rosston,  Ark.,  he 
soon  attracted  attention  for  close  application  to 
study,  carefulness  and  success  in  the  management 
of  his  cases,  and  also  as  an  upright,  useful  citi- 
zen. Upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of 
1S74  he  was  elected  Supervisor  for  Nevada  county. 
Ho  v-ns  admitted  to  the  state  supreme  court  in 
187(5,  and  to  the  II.  S.  Supreme  Court  in  1886. 
In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  Arkansas  House 
of  Representatives,  being  the  youngest  member 
of  that  body.  He  was  a  member  of  the  judici- 
ary committee;  was  author  of  acts  to  provide  for 
the  working  of  county  convicts  on  public  roads, 
and  to  suppress  the  gaming  device  known  as  Keno; 
lie  favored  an  amiable  compromise  and  settlement 
of  the  bonded  debt  of  the  state  under  what  is 
known  as  the  Adams-Redfield  plan,  and  opposed, 
as  unnecessary,  the  submission  to  the  people  of 
amendment  number  one  to  the  state  constitution. 
He  served  as  recorder  and  city  attorney  for  Pres- 
cctt,  Ark.,  in  1879,  having  followed  the  removal 
of  the  county  seat  from  Rosston  to  Prescott  in  1877. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Hancock  and 
English  ticket  in  1880 ;  for  several  different  terms 
was  special  judge  for  Lafayette  and  Pike  counties, 
and  served  in  the  national  house  of  representatives 
from  the  40th  to  the  57th  Congress,  both  inclusive, 
having  been  elected  to  take  the  place  of  James 
K.  Jones,  when  the  latter  was  sent  to  the  senate. 
As  chairman  of  the  committee  on  public  lands, 
during  the  52d  and  53d  congresses,  he  had  a  large 
part  in  perfecting  laws  relating  to  public  lands, 
in  forfeiting  unearned  grants  to  railroads,  in  with- 
drawing from  private  sale,  and  reserving  the 
offered  public  lands  for  actual  settlers,,  and  in 
the  National  Forestry  laws  for  protecting  and  ad- 
ministering the  forests  on  the  public  domain.  He 
was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  free  coinage  of 
silver,  aud  a  tariff  for  revenue  only;  he  introduced 


and  advocated  bills  to  adjust  swamp  land  grants, 
to  tax  trusts  ami  combinations,  for  constitutional 
amendment  to  allow  an  income  tax,  and  a  bill  for 
single  statehood  for  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Terri- 
tory, and  he  was  the  author  of  the  clause  in  the 
Wilson  tarilf  law  which  abolished  the  sugar  bounty. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  committees  on  ap- 
propriations, levees  and  improvements  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  of  Coinage,  Weights  and 
Measures.  In  1874  Mr.  McRae  became  secretary 
of  the  Nevada  county  Democratic  committee,  and 
was  elected  its  chairman  in  1880.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  Democratic  state  conventions  of  1884 
and  1892;  delegate  to  the  Democratic,  national 
convention  of  1884;  member  Democratic  congres- 
sional committee  during  1888-1902,  and  of  the 
Democratic  national  committee  during  1896-1900. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  board  of 
charities  during  1909-13,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Arkansas  constitutional  convention  of  1918.  He  was 
president  of  the  Arkansas  State  Bar  Association 
in.  1917-1S,  and  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  president  of  the  Bank  of  Prescott  and 
was  president  of  the  Arkansas  State  Bankers  Asso- 
ciation in  1909.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commit- 
tee of  bankers  that  prepared  the  Arkansas  bank- 
ing act,  aproved  in  March,  1913.  He  was  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Woodmen  of  the  World,  and  is 
a  32d  degree' Mason,  and  a  Knight  Templar.  He 
is  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church;  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  Reformed  Churches  in  Amerisa 
holding  the  Presbyterian  system,  and  was  com- 
missioner from  the  Presbytery  of  Ouachitn  to  the 
General  Assemblies  of  that  church  at  Macon,  Ga., 
Ft.  Worth,  Tex.,  and  Birmingham,  Ala.  Mr.  Mc- 
Rae was  married  at  Rosston,  Ark.,  Dec.  17,  1874, 
to  Amelia  Ann.,  daughter  of  Capt.  William  R. 
White,  merchant,  and  had  five  children:  Ethel,  who 
married  Horace  E.  Bemis;  Mary,  who  married 
Carleton  McRae;  Thomas  Christopher,  Duncan  L., 
and  Mildred,  who  married  John  D.  Barlow,  Hope, 
Ark. 

YOUNG,  Thomas  Crane,  architect,  was  born 
at  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  Feb.  28,  1858,  son  of  Van 
Eps  and  Arelisle  (Seaman)  Young.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Rev.  John 
Yonges  (Young),  son  of  Eev.  Christopher,  vicar 
of  Reydon  and  Southwold,  Suffolk  county,  Eng- 
land, who  came  to  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1637,  and 
founded  Southold,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  in  1640 
From  him  and  his  wife  Mary  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son  Benjamin  (Young) 
and  his  wife  Elizabeth;  their  son  Capt.  Benjamin 
and  his  wife  Mercy  Landon;  their  son  Seth  and 
his  wife  ITanna  Lawrence;  their  son  Calvin  and 
his  wife  Eva  Van  Eps,  and  their  son  Abram  Van 
Eps  and  his  wife  Lydia  Whipple,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Thomas  Crane  Young.  His 
father  was  a  grain  merchant  of  Sheboygan,  Wis.; 
he  enlisted  for  the  civil  war  as  1st  lieutenant 
of  Co.  H,  14th  Wis.  Vol.  Inf.;  was  promoted 
lieutenant  colonel  in  1863,  and  in  the  same  year 
became  colonel  of  the  lltt  La.  Vols.  He  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1866,  and  subsequently 
became  a  grain  merchant  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Thomas  Crane  Young  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.;  studied  art  for  a  year  in  Cincin- 
nat'i,  and  for  two  years  was  a  student  at  Wash- 
ington University,  St.  Louis.  He  next  traveled 
through  Italy  and  devoted  two  years  to  study  at 
the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  Paris,  and  at  Heidel- 
berg University,  Germany.  On  his  return  from 
Europe,  in  1882,  he  obtained  employment  as 


262 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


draughtsman  with  Ware  &  Van  Brunt,  and  later 
with  E.  M.  Wheelwright,  architects,  of  Boston. 
In  1885  he  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he 
established  the  firm  of  Eames  &  Young,  archi- 
tects, with  William  S.  Eames,  and  upon  the  death 
of  hie  partner  in  1915,  the  business  was  incor- 
porated under  the  firm  name  of  Eames  &  Young, 
of  which  he  is  president.  Among  the  numerous 
and  well  equipped  architects  of  the  city  Thomas 
Crane  Young  holds  a  prominent  place.  Probably 
no  one  man  has  designed  as  many  of  the  notable 
structures  of  the  city.  In  the  broad  and  general 
patronage  which  he  has  received,  he  has  found 
a  recognition  of  patient  industry  and  ability  turned 
to  the  best  account.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  board  of  architects  of  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase Exposition,  St.  Louis,  1904,  and  of  the 
Trans-Mississippi  Exposition,  Omaha,  1906,  and 
during  1913-14  was  a  member  of  the  city  plan 
commission,  St.  Louis.  Until  the  death  of  his 
partner  he  acted  as  designer  for  the  firm.  He 
was  architect  for  the  Cupples  system  of  ware- 
houses, consisting  of  about  ten  city  blocks  of 
wholesale  warehouse  buildings  in  St.  Louis;  U.S. 
penitentiaries  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  Leavenworth, 
Kan.;  U.  S.  customs  house,  San  Francisco;  educa- 
tion building,  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  St. 
Louis;  Fine  Arts  building,  Trans-Mississippi  Ex- 
position, Omaha;  New  Washington  Hotel,  Seattle, 
Wash.;  'Walker  building,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah; 
Roubidoux  Hotel,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  Rosenberg 
library,  Galveston,  Tex.,  and  in  St.  Louis  the  Title 
Guarantee  building,  Liggett  building,  Wright  build- 
ing, Frisco  building,  Victoria  building,  Third  Na- 
tional Bank  building,  Boatmen 's  Bank  building  and 
annex,  Rankin  School  of  Mechanical  Trades,  Car- 
negie branch  library,  the  entrance  to  University 
City  and  the  art  building,  University  City.  Aside 
from  his  professional  interest  he  is  2d  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Frisco  Building  Co.  He  served  two 
terms  (1903-04)  as  mayor  of  Webster  Groves, 
Mo.,  a  St.  Louis  suburb.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  and  has  served 
many  times  as  president  of  the  St.  Louis  chapter 
of  that  organization;  is  chairman  of  the  art  sec- 
tion of  the  Civic  League,  and  of  the  architectural 
section  of  the  Business  Men 's  League,  St.  Louis, 
and  a  member  also  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution,  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion, 
National  Geographic  Society,  National  Defense 
League,  Naval  League,  St.  Louis  Art  Association, 
and  of  the  St.  Louis,  Architectural,  University,  and 
City  clubs,  St.  Louis.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation 
in  drawing  and  in  reading  history.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Progressive  and  Republican.  He  was  married 
(1)  June  7,  1S87,  to  Ruth,  daughter  of  John 
Hodgman,  a  real  estate  operator  of  St.  Louis; 
she  died  in  1905.  He  was  married  (2)  Dec.  22, 
1905.  to  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Hodgman,  of  Chi- 
cago, 111. ;  there  are  three  children  by  the  first 
union:  Dorothy,  wife  of  William  Bright  Jones; 
Ruth,  wife  of  Samuel  A.  Mitchell,  and  Marjorie, 
wife  of  Henry  L.  Whitman,  Jr. 

MORGAN,  Anna,  educator,  was  born  at  Flem- 
ing, N.  Y.,  daughter  of  Allen  Denison  and  Mary 
Jane  (Thornton)  Morgan.  Her  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  James  Morgan,  who  came 
from  Wales  in  1636  and  settled  in  Boston.  On 
the  maternal  side  Anna  Morgan  is  a  great-grand- 
daughter of  Jesse  Thornton,  who  served  through- 
out the  war  of  the  revolution  under  Gen.  Wash- 
ington, and  was  the  sentinel  at  the  gate  to  whom 
Benedict  Arnold  (q.v.)  gave  the  password  when 
he  made  his  escape  from  West  Point.  Her  ma- 
ternal grandmother  was  Charlotte  Purchase,  a 


woman  of  unusual  force  of  character  and  com- 
manding influence  among  the  early  settlers  of 
New  York  state.  Allen  Denison  Morgan,  her 
father,  was  a  native  of  New  York  state,  and  was 
graduated  at  Hamilton  College,  where  he  was  a 
classmate  of  Roscoe  Conkling  (q.v.),  and  he  served 
in  the  New  York  legislature  during  1860-61;  he 
was  a  gentleman  farmer.  Anna  Morgan  received 
her  education  in  the  schools  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.  She 
began  her  professional  career  as  a  public  reader  in 
Chicago  in  1879,  in  connection  with  Mrs.  Scott 
Siddous.  From  the  beginning  she  made  a  decidedly 
good  impression,  and  that  impression  was  cor- 
roborated by  audiences  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
where  she  appeared  subsequently.  She  became,  at 
its  establishment,  director  of  elocution  and  the  art 
of  expression  in  the  Chicago  Conservatory,  and 
in  1S99  she  founded  the  Anna  Morgan  School  of 
Expression,  producing  plays  by  Ibsen,  Maeterlinck 
and  other  dramatists.  In  1899  this  school  was  re- 
organized and  incorporated  as  The  Anna  Morgan 
Studios,  devoted  to  expression  through  spoken  Eng- 
lish. In  this  work  she  is  assisted  by  a  capable 
faculty.  There  are  classes  in  English,  diction,  voice 
training,  physical  culture,  dramatic  reading,  re- 
cital work  for  drawing  room  and  platform  appear- 
ances, stage  rehearsals,  classic,  modern  and  present- 
day  plays,  French  diction  in  conversation  and 
reading,  literature,  drama,  history,  classic  dancing. 
Miss  Morgan 's  talks  and  interpretative  readings 
are  a  special  feature  of  the  studio  work,  and  she 
also  reads  and  instructs  in  plays  which  are  given 
at  the  Chicago  theatres.  She  also  gives  outside 
lectures  and  readings.  She  early  produced  a  work 
upon  physical  culture,  "An  Hour  with  Delsarte, " 
which  has  been  pronounced  the  most  practical  work 
upon  this  art,  and  she  is  author  of  ' '  The  Art  of 
Speech  and  Deportment"  (1909),  also  other  books 
on  dramatic  art.  She  compiled  "Selected  Read- 
ings" (1909);  and  is  -the  author  of  ''My  Chi- 
cago," an  intimate  recountal  of  the  artistic  growth 
of  Chicago  during  the  past  twenty-five  years. 
While  her  residence  is  in  Chicago,  she  finds  her 
chief  recreation  in  entertaining  at  her  country 
home,  "Eastgate, "  at  Highland  Park,  111.  Miss 
Morgan 's  name  is  enrolled  among  those  of  the 
successful  women  of  'the  period. 

KIES,  William  Samuel,  banker  and  lawyer, 
was  born  at  Mapleton,  Minn.,  Dec.  2,  1877,  son 
of  Christian  L.  and  Bertha  (Steeps)  Kies,  who 
were  small  farmers,  the  father  having  left  Ger- 
many as  a  result  of  the  revolution  in  1848.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  high  school  at  Oshkosh, 
Wis.,  in  1894,  and  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin 
with  the  degree  of  B.L.  in  1899,  completing  the 
four  years'  course  in  three  years.  He  likewise 
finished  the  three  years'  law  course  in  two  years, 
receiving  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  same 
institution  in  1901.  During  his  college  course 
he  was  business  manager  of  the  college  daily, 
represented  the  university  in  debating  and 
oratorical  events,  and  was  a  member  of  Kappa 
Sigma  and  Plii  Beta  Kappa  fraternities.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1901,  and  two  years 
later  was  appointed  assistant  city  attorney,  and 
in  1904  chief  trial  attorney  for  Chicago,  111.  In 
1905  he  became  general  attorney  of  the  Chicago 
and  Northwestern  railroad,  and  as  such  prepared 
and  tried  the  noted  condemnation  suit  for  the 
property  now  occupied  by  the  terminal  station  of 
the  Northwestern  railroad,  involving  approxi- 
mately sixty-five  pieces  of  property  and  over 
1,000  defendants.  The  suit  was  the  most  ex- 
tended jury  trial  on  record  in  this  country,  con- 
suming seven  and  a  half  months  from  the  selec- 


THOMAS  C.  YOUNG 
ARCHITECT 


ANNA  MORGAN" 
EDUCATOR 


WILLIAM  S.  KIES 
BANKER 


I '\TRICK  J.  McMAIIOX 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN"     BIOGRAPHY. 


263 


tion  of  the  jury  to  the  awarding  of  the  verdict. 
He  was  counsel  for  the  Chicago  and  Western  Indi- 
ana railroad  and  the  Belt  Railway  Co.  of  Chicago 
during  1910-13.  In  the  course  of  his  practice 
he  was  special  counsel  for  the  treasurer  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  for  whom  he  worked  out  a 
method  of  handling  of  state  funds,  which  has 
since  been  used  in  other  states,  and  special 
counsel  for  the  West  Chicago  I'ark  Board  Com- 
missioners in  condemnation  cases.  When  the 
Federal  Reserve  Law  of  1013  gave  national  banks 
authority  to  establish  branches  in  foreign  coun- 
tries, the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York  sent 
for  Mr.  Kies  to  build  up  a  foreign  bank  service 
in  aid  of  the  development  of  the  foreign  com- 
merce of  the  United  States.  He  organized  the 
first  branches  of  the  City  Bank  at  Buenos  Aires, 
Eio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo;  planned  and 
assisted  in  the  development  and  extension  of  the 
system  of  branch  banks  which  the  National  City 
Bank  established  in  South  America  and  elsewhere, 
and  established  the  Foreign  Trade  Department 
of  the  National  City  Bank  for  the  benefit  of 
American  manufacturers.  In  1015  he  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  National  City  Bank.  Mr. 
Kies  assisted  as  counsel  in  the  formation  of  the 
American  International  Corporation,  an  organi- 
zation with  $50,000,000  capital,  having  for  its 
central  purpose  the  development  of  the  foreign 
commerce  of  the  United  States,  the  creation  of 
an  agency  for  investigating  investment  proposi- 
tions throughout  the  world,  and  for  creating  an 
investment  market  in  the  United  States  for  foreign 
securities.  He  was  made  a  vice-president  of  the 
corporation  in  1016,  resigning  his  position  with 
the  National  City  Bank  Jan.  1,  1918,  to  devote 
all  his  time  to  the  former.  He  has  charge  of  the 
development  work  of  the  corporation  and  the  in- 
vestigation of  new  enterprises  and  propositions 
submitted.  Mr.  Kies  is  a  close  student  of  foreign 
trade  and  has  written  much  and  spoken  frequently 
on  the  subject  before  chambers  of  commerce  and 
trade  organizations.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
International  Banking  Corporation;  International 
Bank;  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Co.;  United  States 
Rubber  Co.;  New  York  Shipbuilding  Corporation; 
United  States  Industrial  Alcohol  Co.;  United 
States  Industrial  Chemical  Co. ;  G.  Amsinck  & 
Co.,  Inc. ;  Symington  Forge  Corporation ;  American 
International  Steel  Corporation;  Allied  Machinery 
Co.  of  America;  Carter,  Macy  &  Co.,  Inc.;  Allied 
Construction.  Machinery  Corporation;  Allied  Sugar 
Machinery  Corporation;  American  International 
Terminals  Co.;  The  Latin- American  Corporation 
and  The  China  Corporation.  His  favorite  pursuit 
is  reading  and  study,  and  his  favorite  diversion 
is  golf.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Metropolitan 
Club  and  India  House  of  New  York  city;  Sleepy 
Hollow  Country  Club,  Scarborough-on-Hudson,  N. 
Y. ;  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science ;  American  Economic  Association.  He 
was  married,  July  12,  1905,  to  Mabel,  daughter 
of  George  W.  Best,  a  business  man  of  Chicago, 
111.,  and  they  have  three  children:  Margaret  B., 
William  S.,  Jr.,  and  John  Kies. 

McMAHON,  Patrick  Julius,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Donabate  County,  Dublin,  Ireland,  Mar.  17, 
1863,  son  of  Owen  and  Bridget  (Gargan) 
McMahon.  Both  parents  died  while  he  was  an 
infant  and  he  was  reared  by  an  aunt.  He  came  to 
America  in  1SS2,  and  after  a  brief  stay  in  New 
York  city  settled  at  Waterbury,  Conn.  For  a  year 
he  was  employed  by  Brown  Bros,  iron  works,  and 
subsequently  was  in  the  service  of  the  Scovill 
Manufacturing  Co.,  and  in  the  shipping  depart- 


ment of  the  Waterbury  Manufacturing  Co.  Mean- 
while he  studied  law,  was  graduated  at  the  Yale 
Law  School  in  1896,  and  at  once  began  practice  at 
Waterbury.  He  was  clerk  of  the  city  court  during 
1S99-1909,  and  judge  of  the  same  court  from  1909 
till  his  death.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  for  years  had  been  prom- 
inent in  the  work  of  the  Catholic  Literary  Asso- 
ciation; much  of  his  training  in  oratory  and  de- 
bate was  secured  while  a  member  of  this  society. 
He  was  a  Republican.  His  chief  recreation  was 
the  cultivation  of  roses,  of  which  he  had  two  hun- 
dred varieties.  As  a  judge  he  sensed  the  peculiar 
demands  of  the  position  and  met  them  with  jus- 
tice and  consistency,  tempered  with  humanity  and 
understanding.  He  was  known  as  "the  judge  witli 
the  big  heart, ' '  and  under  his  hand  the  law  be- 
came a  paternal  instrument.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Waterbury  Bar  Association.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Waterbury,  Conn.,  June  7,  1899,  to  Mar}-, 
daughter  of  Michael  and  Mary  (Hennelly)  Walsh, 
of  Baltimore,  Md.  He  died  at  Waterbury,  Conn., 
Sept.  18,  1016.  (Portrait  opposite  page  262.) 

SCOVEL,  Henry  Sydney,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Camden,  N.  J.,  Feb.  25,  1858,  son  of  James  Mat- 
lack  and  Mary  (Mulford)  Scovel.  Sylvester 
Scovel  (q.v.)  was  president  of  Hanover  College 
(la.)  from  1846  until  his  death  in  1894.  Sylvester 
Fithiau  Scovel,  an  uncle  of  our  subject,  was  at  one 
time  president  of  Wooster  University,  Wooster,  O. 
James  Matlack  Scovel,  his  father,  was  a  leading 
lawyer  of  Camden  and  president  of  the  state  sen- 
ate in  1866.  His  mother,  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  was  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Isaac  C.  Mul- 
ford, a  prominent  physician  of  Camden,  who  wrote 
interesting  articles  of  his  experience  during  the 
Asiatic  cholera  epidemic  when  it  first  appeared  in 
Camden,  in  1832  and  on  its  second  appearance  in 
1849,  and  also  the  history  of  New  Jersey.  Henry 
S.  Scovel  was  educated  in  the  school  of  Charles  S. 
Woodhull,  once  a  justice  of  the  New  Jersey  su- 
preme court,  and  in  the  Pennsylvania  Military  Col- 
lege at  Chester.  He  studied  law  with  his  father 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879,  receiving  his 
counsellor 's  degree  in  June,  18S4.  From  the  be- 
ginning of  his  legal  career  he  became  conspicuous 
in  the  criminal  court,  and  as  years  passed  he  was 
easily  the  leading  figure  in  this  respect  in  Southern 
New  Jersey.  His  most  famous  case  was  the  de- 
fence of  Eli  Shaw  who  was  accused  of  the  murder 
of  his  mother  and  grandmother  in  the  latter  part 
of  1897.  Shaw  escaped  mainly  through  the  in- 
defatigable efforts  of  Mr.  Scovel,  coupled  with  his 
remarkable  oratorical  ability.  In  April,  1906,  he 
was  made  an  assistant  prosecutor  of  the  pleas,  and 
in  August  of  the  same  year  he  was  made  prose- 
cutor. Mr.  Scovel  was  given  the  full  term  of  five 
years  from  Jan.  15,  1907,  and  it  was  during  this 
incumbency  that  he  achieved  his  greatest  reputa- 
tion, one  being  to  bring  to  task  men  who  failed 
in  their  obligations  to  their  families.  No  family 
deserter  ever  obtained  any  mercy  from  him;  in 
fact,  such  were  his  methods  that  they  became  the 
subject  of  articles  in  the  magazines.  A  large  num- 
ber of  important  murder  cases  were  tried  during 
his  term  as  prosecutor,  among  them  the  case  of 
Stephen  Dorsey  and  James  Gibson,  negroes,  who 
murdered  Mrs.  Homer  and  an  Italian  domestic  on 
the  Homer  farm  in  Pensauken,  and  who  were  con- 
victed through  his  efforts  and  were  the  first  mur- 
derers executed  by  electricity  in  the  state.  Another 
celebrated  case  was  that  of  young  Joseph  Wood, 
accused  of  murdering  eleven-year  old  Ethel  Nevin, 
the  boy  escaping  with  a  second  degree  verdict  and 
a  prison  term  which  was  later  commuted.  Mr. 


264 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Seovel  was  possessed  of  a  forceful  delivery,  and 
was  able  to  play  upon  the  emotions  of  a  jury. 
Fearless  in  character,  quick  in  repartee,  and  witty 
to  a  degree,  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
able  men  of  the  New  Jersey  bar.  Early  in  his 
legal  experience  he  formed  a  partiiership  with  John 
Harris,  and  later  with  Judge  William  T.  Boyle. 
Mr.  Scovel  represented  Camden  in  the  State  House 
of  Assembly  in  the  sessions  of  1896,  1S97,  1903, 
1904,  1905,  1906,  1907  and  1914.  During  1S95-97 
he  was  solicitor  for  the  Camden  County  Board  of 
Freeholders,  and  for  many  years  was  borough 
solicitor  of  Haddonfield.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  and  Camden  County  Bar  Associations, 
the  Junior  Order  of  American  Mechanics,  and  the 
Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Haddonfield,  Feb.  14,  to  Gertrude,  daugh- 
ter of  Edwin  P.  Graham  of  Haddonfield;  the  chil- 
dren of  this  union  are :  Edwin,  law  student ;  Ethel, 
and  Beatrice  Scovel,  of  Haddonfield.  He  died  in 
Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  Oct.  5,  1918. 

McCLYMONDS,  James  Walter,  manufac- 
turer and  banker,  was  born  at  New  Lisbon,  O., 
Sept.  18,  1842,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Kin- 
kaid)  McClymouds.  John  MeClymonds,  our  sub- 
ject's grandfather,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  moved  from  Pennsylvania  to  New  Lisbon, 
O.,  when  the  last-named  state  was  still  a  -wilderness. 
James  Walter  MeClymonds  attended  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  later  attended 
the  New  Lisbon  high  school,  enlisting  before  he 
graduated.  In  1860  the  family  moved  to  Massillon, 
0.,  where  for  nine  years  the  elder  MeClymonds  en- 
gaged in  the  banking  business.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  young  MeClymonds,  then  but  eighteen 
years  of  age,  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  Ohio  volunteer  in- 
fantry, and  participated  in  the  campaigns  in  West 
Virginia  under  Gens.  McClellan  and  Eosecrans, 
being  conspicuous  for  his  bravery  at  the  battle  of 
Rich  Mountain  and  receiving  commendation  from 
Gen.  McClellan  himself.  On  the  expiration  of  his 
three  months'  term  of  enlistment,  he  re-enlisted  for 
the  full  term,  was  soon  made  sergeant-major,  and 
saw  active  service  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  under 
Gen.  Buell.  In  July,  1862,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged from  the  service,  but  received  a  commis- 
sion as  adjutant  of  the  104th  Ohio  volunteer  in- 
fantry, served  in  the  defense  of  Cincinnati  against 
Kirby  Smith,  took  part  in  the  engagement  at  Fort 
Mitchell,  anj  the  pursuit  of  Morgan  in  Kentucky. 
Thereafter  he  was  in  active  service  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  having  been  promoted  to  captain  in 
June,  1864,  and  having  served  as  assistant  adju 
tant-general  of  brigade  from  August,  1863,  to 
April,  1865.  When  mustered  out  of  the  volunteers 
in  1865  he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in 
the  regular  army,  14th  infantry,  but  soon  relin- 
quished his  commission  and  returned  to  Ohio,  when 
he  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  Eussell  &  Co., 
at  Massillon.  Later  he  became  a  teller  in  the 
Union  National  Bank.  In  1869,  Mr.  McClymond's 
father,  after  a  successful  banking  career  of  nine 
years  in  Massillon,  removed  to  Cleveland,  where 
he  became  first  cashier,  later  president  of  the  Ohio 
National  Bank,  with  which  his  son  was  also  con- 
nected for  a  few  years.  In  1872  the  latter  re- 
turned to  Massillon  where  he  continued  to  live 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1876  he  be- 
came a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Russell  &  Co.,  and 
two  years  later  the  firm  was  incorporated  with  Mr. 
Mri'lymonds  as  secretary  and  treasurer.  In  1888 
he  was  made  president  of  the  company,  which  in 
1900  was  reorganised,  with  a  separate  plant  for 
the  stationary  engine  business,  thereafter  known 
as  the  Eussell  Engine  Co.  He  organized  the  Mer- 


chants' National  Bank  in  1890,  and  it  became  one 
of  the  substantial  banks  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  In 
1908  an  unfortunate  motor  accident  at  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  resulted  in  permanent  injury  to  Mr.  MeCly- 
monds. After  months  of  suffering  in  a  hospital 
he  recovered  sufficiently  to  resume  his  active  work, 
luit  was  never  strong  again.  The  merging  of  the 
Russell  Engine  Co.  with  the  Spencer-Griscom  Co. 
i-f  New  York  finally  released  him  from  the  heavy 
burden  of  management.  His  health  gradually 
failed,  however,  and  after  devoting  more  and  more 
time  to  recuperation,  in  the  summer  of  1912  his 
condition  became  alarming  and  in  the  autumn  the 
end  came.  Mr.  MeClymonds  was  always  deeply 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  Massillon,  and  in  1897 
his  wife  and  her  sister,  Mrs.  Annie  Russell  MeCly- 
monds, of  Morris  Plains,  N.  J.,  donated  to  the 
city  the  fine  old  Russell  homestead  as  a  permanent 
home  for  the  city  library,  and  Mr.  MeClymonds 
coupled  this  gift  with  an  endowment  of  $20,000. 
His  fellow  citizens  elected  him  president  of  the 
library  board,  in  which  position  he  served  until 
the  close  of  his  life.  In  1884  he  was  Ohio  com- 
missioner at  the  New  Orleans  exposition,  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1888.  In  polities  he  was 
a  Eepubliean.  His  domestic  life  was  ideal  in  its 
beauty  and  happiness,  while  as  a  citizen,  captain 
of  industry,  and  benefactor  of  Massillou  his  mem- 
ory will  be  cherished  for  generations  to  come.  He 
was  married  Nov.  9,  1870,  to  Flora,  daughter  of 
Nahum  S.  Russell,  one  of  the  founders  of  Eussell 
&  Co.,  and  a  pioneer  of  industry  in  Massillou;  she 
was  a  lady  of  rare  charm  and  gracious  personality, 
and  survived  her  husband  barely  two  months;  the 
living  children  of  this  union  are:  Edna,  who  mar- 
ried Arvine  Wales;  and  Ruth  MeClymonds,  who 
married  Leslie  Maitland.  Mr.  MeClymonds  died 
at  Massillon,  O.,  Oct.  5,  1912. 

FULLER,  Horace  Stevens,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Warren,  O.,  May  14,  1844,  son  of  Ira  L. 
and  Mary  B.  Fuller,  of  colonial  and  revolutionary 
ancestry.  Horace  S.  Fuller  was  educated  at  War- 
ren, O.,  and  in  1862  enlisted  with  the  Eighty-fourth 
Ohio  Volunteers,  and  after  a  few  months  of  active 
service,  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Tod  of  Ohio,  as 
one  of  Ohio  's  representatives  in  the  troop  of  picked 
men,  one  from  each  county  who  were  selected 
to  be  a  bodyguard  for  Pres.  Lincoln,  and  were 
stationed  at  the  White  House  in  Washington. 
He  was  orderly-sergeant  of  this  body  of  men,  and 
was  in  Washington  at  the  time  of  Lincoln  's  assas- 
sination and  was  an  eye-witness  of  many  of  the 
tragic  events  of  that  critical  period  in  our  coun- 
try 's  history.  After  he  was  mustered  out  at  the 
close  of  the  civil  war,  he  served  for  several  mouths 
in  the  treasury  department  at  Washington,  then 
returned  to  his  home  in  Ohio,  where  he  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  his  father  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  About  this  time,  having  developed  a  form 
of  heart  trouble,  on  the  advice  of  his  physician, 
he  took  a  long  overland  trip  throughout  the  West, 
and  shortly  after  his  return  in  1869,  located  in 
Ashland,  Neb.,  where  he  formed  a  parUiership 
with  James  A.  Eobert,  for  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1872  he  moved  to  Crete,  Neb.,  to  become  cashier 
of  the  State  Bank  of  Nebraska,  which  was  incor- 
porated in  1872  and  was  the  first  bank  recognized 
in  Saline  county.  Finding  that  confinement  was  in- 
juring his  health,  in  1874,  in  conjunction  with  his 
brother-in-law,  J.  L.  Tidball,  he  began  a  lumber 
yard  in  Crete.  This  was  the  beginning  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  lumber  business,  which  developed 
to  suc'a  an  extent  that  for  many  years  Tidball  & 
Fuller  were  regarded  as  among  the  heaviest  retail 
lumber  operators  in  the  West  By  degrees  they 


HORACE  S.  FULLER 
MERCHANT 


ALEXAXDER  C.  MACKENZIE 
CLERGYMAN 


CHARLES  B.  SOUTTER 
MERCHANT 


ADEX  KNOPH 
BANKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


265 


established  yards  until  they  owner!  a  yard  in  every 
town  on  the  Burlington  railroad  from  Hastings  to 
Lincoln,  with  the  exception  of  Dorchester.  They 
also  owned  yards  in  a  number  of  other  towns,  and 
at  one  time,  were  the  owners  of  eighteen  different 
retail  lumber  yards.  The  larger  part  of  the  busi- 
ness connected  with  the  firm  's  lumber  interests  fell 
to  the  care  of  Mr.  Fuller,  as  they  were  at  the 
same  time  engaged  in  the  banking  business,  to 
which  Mr.  Tidball  gave  his  personal  attention.  In 
1879,  in  connection  with  Walter  Scott,  they  or- 
ganized the  Citizen's  Bank,  and  in  1W2,  trans 
formed  it  into  the  First  National  Bank  of  Crete, 
which  is  now  the  oldest  bank  in  Saline  county. 
Mr.  Fuller  was  vice-president  of  this  bank  from  its 
incorporation  in  1SS2  until  1899,  when  he  disposed 
of  his  holdings  therein.  In  1X90  Messrs.  Tidball 
&  Fuller  began  to  dispose  of  their  lumber  yards 
and  had  sold  nearly  all  of  them  by  the  time  of  the 
panic  in  1893.  As  times  began  to  improve,  Mr. 
Fuller  again  entered  the  lumber  business  individu- 
ally, and  owned,  or  was  interested  in  yards  at 
York,  Bennet,  Nortonville,  Has.,  St.  Joe,  Mo.,  and 
Evauston,  111.,  aside  from  owning  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  yards  at  Oxford  and  at  Lodi,  Cal.,  and 
being  interested  with  James  S.  Ewart,  of  Lincoln 
in  a  yard  at  Fairbury.  Beside  his  banking  in- 
terests in  Crete,  Mr.  Fuller  was  interested  for 
many  years  in  the  Sutton  National  Bank,  in  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Friend,  and  in  the  Saline 
County  Bank  of  Wilber.  In  1910  he  was  one  of 
the  active  organizers  of  the  City  National  Bank 
of  Crete,  and  became  its  president,  which  position 
he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr.  Fuller  never 
cared  for  public  life  or  political  honors.  Through- 
out his  mature  years  he  was  a  staunch  Democrat. 
During  1897-99  he  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Doane 
College  of  Crete  and  in  earlier  years  served  one 
term  as  a  member  of  the  Crete  school  board.  He 
was  a  Master  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar,  and  a 
Shriner.  He  was  married  May  24,  1870,  to  Louisa 
A.,  daughter  of  Nelson  A.  and  Emma  (Bennet) 
Brown  of  Mecca,  O. ;  the  children  of  this  union 
were:  Emma,  who  married  Arthur  R.  Dean,  of 
Winnetka,  111.;  Horace  S.,  Jr.,  of  Oxford,  Neb.; 
Jesse  Pier,  of  Opal,  Wyo. ;  Robert  S.,  of  Lodi,  Cal., 
and  George  B.  Fuller,  of  Fresno,  Cal.  Mr.  Fuller 
died  in  Crete,  Neb.,  Aug.  17,  1917. 

MacKENZIE,  Alexander  Cameron,  clergyman 
and  educator,  was  born  at  Embro,  Ont.,  Can.,  May 
9,  1850,  son  of  Donald  and  Christina  (Cameron) 
MacKenzie.  His  father  was  a  well-remembered 
Scotch  Presbyterian  minister  who  settled  in 
Canada  with  a  company  of  pioneers  in  1844.  Alex- 
ander Cameron  MacKenzie  was  educated  for  a 
business  career,  but  at  thirty  he  abandoned  the 
mercantile  field  to  obey  the  wish  of  his  father  to 
enter  the  ministry.  He  was  graduated  at  Auburn 
(N.  Y.)  Theolog'ical  Seminary  in  1&88,  and  was 
immediately  called  to  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Owego,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained 
until  1896.  The  trustees  of  .Elmira  (N.  Y.)  Col- 
lege at  that  time  were  sorely  in  need  of  a  head 
for  their  institution.  They  had  all  but  given  up, 
and  a  meeting  was  called  to  "bury  the  college." 
At  this  meeting  Dr.  MacKenzie 's  name  was  pre- 
sented. It  was  learned  that  he  had  all  the  quali- 
fications for  the  office  and  was  competent  to  ad- 
minister the  affairs  of  this  first  college  for  women, 
and  he  was  installed  as  president  at  the  beginning 
of  1897,  and  was  made  chairman  of  the  board  of 
trustees.  He  held  this  office  until  his  death.  El- 
mira College  grew  to  proportions  never  realized 
by  its  founders  or  its  friends,  under  his  guidance. 
He  succeeded  as  president  Rev.  Rufus  S.  Green 


(q.v.),  who  had  held  the  office  from  1893;  Dr. 
MacKenzie  was  the  fifth  president  of  the  college. 
Three  lines  of  activity  principally  engaged  his  at- 
tention. The  first  was  an  advanced  requirement 
for  entrance;  the  second  an  effort  to  strengthen 
the  faculty  by  bringing  into  it  as  coadjutors  of 
the  elder  professors,  representatives  of  special 
training,  or  of  teaching  experience  in  the  great 
colleges;  and  the  third,  the  raising  of  the  semi- 
centennial fund  of  half  a  million  dollars  for  ad- 
ded buildings  and  increased  equipment.  He  was 
elected  president  in  1897.  In  1^97  the  unencum- 
bered property,  both  real  and  personal  of  the  col- 
lege, had  increased  from  $250,000  to  $454,000, 
largely  through  the  efforts  of  Pres.  MacKenzie. 
Debts  were  wiped  out  under  his  administration, 
and  there  had  not  been  a  single  annual  deficit  dur- 
ing his  regime,  although  there  had  always  been 
one  previously.  The  income  from  the  four  classes 
of  the  college  increased  during  his  administration 
from  $17,400  to  $65,500.  The  number  of  profes- 
sors holding  college  degrees  had  been  increased 
from  six  to  nineteen ;  the  number  of  students  had 
grown  from  60  in  1*97  to  approximately  300  at 
his  death.  The  success  of  the  college  during  his 
period  as  its  head  was  actually  a  source  of  em- 
barassment  from  overcrowding  in  dormitory,  din- 
ing rooms,  class  rooms  and  library.  But  the  work 
went  on  successfully,  and  the  college  came  to  be 
one  of  which  Elmira  was  proud.  He  was  taken 
away  in  the  midst  of  his  campaign  to  raise  $200,- 
000  to  meet  the  conditional  gift,  of  $100,000  of 
the  Rockefeller  Foundation.  The  alumni  and 
students  discontinued  exclusive  societies  under  his 
administration,  and  the  results  attained  were  al- 
most immediate.  Dr.  MacKenzie  was  a  church- 
man, a  preacher  of  the  gospel,  whose  messages 
were  heard  from  most  of  the  pulpits  in  and  around 
Elmira  and  western  New  York.  He  married  at 
Norwich,  Ont.,  Canada,  in  Jan.,  1872,  Katherine, 
oldest  daughter  of  George  Walker,  of  Norwich,  Ont. 
She  survives  him,  with  two  children:  Christina 
Elizabeth  Cameron,  and  George  Walker  Cameron 
MacKenzie,  a  journalist,  of  Elmira.  He  died  at 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  23,  1915. 

SOTJTTER,  Charles  Broughton,  merchant, 
banker  and  philanthropist,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Oct.  22,  1845,  son  of  Robert  and  Phila- 
delphia (Campbell)  Soutter,  and  grandson  of 
Robert  and  Margaret  (Taylor)  Soutter.  His 
paternal  grandfather  came  from  Dundee,  Scot- 
land, in  the  closing  years  of  the  18th  century  and 
settled  at  Norfolk,  Ya.,  where  he  was  prominent 
as  a  merchant  and  served  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Robert  Soutter,  father  of  the  subject,  likewise  be- 
came a  merchant  of  Norfolk,  subsequently  estab- 
lishing himself  in  Philadelphia.  His  business  abil- 
ity was  widely  recognized  and  he  was  prominent 
in  the  Presbyterian  church.  During  the  last  ten 
years  of  his  business  life  he  was  vice-president  of 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Co.,  with  offices  in 
New  York  city.  Charles  B.  Soutter  was  educated 
in  a  public  school  in  New  York  city,  later  attend- 
ing the  Free  Academy,  which  afterward  became 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York.  Not  being 
in  vigorous  health  he  was  obliged  to  leave  that 
institution  at  the  end  of  his  sophomore  year.  The 
remainder  of  his  education  was  due  to  self-directed 
study.  He  began  his  business  career  in  1S66  as 
clerk  in  the  offices  of  his  father,  then  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Co.  In 
1868  he  entered  the  service  of  Schuyler,  Hartley 
&  Graham,  wholesale  dealers  in  bronzes,  valuable 
vases,  etc.,  New  York  city.  Subsequently  he  was 
given  a  position  in  the  Merchants'  National  Bank. 


266 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


and  from  this  post  he  later  entered  the  offices  of 
John  Sinclair  &  Co.,  pork  packers,  New  York  city, 
in  1x70,  and  was  identified  with  the  Sinclair  pack- 
ing interests  during  the  remainder  of  his  active 
business  life.  In  18S1  he  was  selected  by  the  firm 
In  take  charge  of  the  packing  house  of  T.  M. 
Sinclair  &  Co.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la.,  a  house  then 
affiliated  with  John  Sinclair  &  Co.,  New  York.  He 
was  made  a  partner  in  the  Cedar  Eapids  concern 
at  this  time,  and  also  its  managing  director.  The 
business  was  incorporated  under  the  same  name, 
in  1892,  and  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
corporation,  which  office  he  retained  until  1*99, 
when  he  retired  from  active  business  cares.  Aside 
from  his  packing  connections  he  was  for  fifteen 
years  president  of  the  Cedar  Eapids  Water  Co., 
and  for  some  years  vice-president  of  the  Cedar 
Eapids  Savings  Bank.  After  assuming  charge  of 
the  Sinclair  plant  he  became  actively  identified 
with  Coe  College,  Cedar  Eapids,  of  which  he  was 
trustee  for  twenty  years,  and  president  of  the 
board  during  the  greater  part  of  that  period.  By 
giving  of  his  time  and  money  he  helped  to  build 
a  college  which  stands  high  among  the  smaller  in- 
stitutions of  learning  of  the  country.  In  1915  the 
governor  of  Iowa  appointed  him  a  delegate  to  the 
land  irrigation  congress,  San  Francisco.  The 
Young  Men  's  Christian  Association,  Cedar  Rapids, 
received  from  him  much  help  and  counsel.  In 
1892  he  gave  to  the  association  marble  swimming 
pools  as  a  memorial  to  his  only  child,  Robert 
Thompson  Soutter,  and  he  also  erected  a  fountain 
in  Redmond  Park  to  the  memory  of  this  son.  His 
sympathies  were  greatly  aroused  by  the  famines 
in  India,  and  he  was  led  to  examine  by  the  aid  of 
government  records  the  general  conditions  of  that 
country.  This  examination  revealed  to  him  that 
the  taxes  were  oppressively  heavy,  and  he  entered 
into  an  extensive  correspondence  with  officials  and 
others  in  England,  India  and  America  with  a  view 
toward  securing  a  more  fair  and  considerate  sys- 
tem of  taxation.  Upon  his  retirement  from  busi- 
ness he  gave  much  time  and  attention  to  a  farm 
of  900  acres  in  northwestern  Iowa.  In  the  years 
after  retiring  from  business  he  taught  himself 
French,  German  and  Spanish,  acquiring  a  good 
reading  facility  in  these  languages.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  fraternity.  He  was 
married  in  New  York  City,  April,  1874,  to  Fannie, 
daughter  of  George  Thompson,  of  Ballston  Spa, 
and  granddaughter  of  James  Thompson,  county 
judge  of  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  She  survived 
him.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  10,  1917. 
(Portrait  opposite  page  265.) 

KNOPH,  Aden,  banker,  was  born  at  Law- 
rencevllle,  111.,  Dec.  l.s,  1843,  son  of  Thompson 
and  Lucinda  (Bronson)  Knoph.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  came  to  America 
in  1831  and  was  a  merchant  in  Arkansas,  Indiana 
and  Illinois,  in  which  latter  state  he  was  also 
engaged  in  the  meat-packing  business.  Aden 
Kuoph  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Lawrenceville,  and  began  his  business  career  as 
clerk  in  his  father's  stores  there,  at  Vincennes 
and  at  Olney,  111.  For  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted 
in  Co.  G,  98th  Eegiment,  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, which  became  a  part  of  the  famous 
Wilder 's  Brigade  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland. 
He  participated  in  all  the  chief  engagements  of 
that  army,  was  severely  wounded  at  Selma,  and 
held  rank  of  adjutant  upon  being  mustered  out 
at  the  close  of  the  war.  After  a  clerkship  of  two 
more  years  at  Olney,  he  was  elected,  in  1868,  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Richland  county,  to  which 
position  he  was  subsequently  re-elected  for  two 


additional  terms  on  the  Republican  ticket,  although 
the  county  had,  prior  to  the  war,  returned  a  large 
Democratic  majority.  During  1880-82  he  was 
traveling  salesman  for  a  wholesale  dry  goods  house 
of  Cincinnati.  In  1882  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Olney,  a  position 
which  he  retained  until  his  death.  From  time  to 
time  he  was  identified  with  various  other  financial 
as  well  as  commercial  and  industrial  undertakings. 
His  popularity  in  southern  Illinois  was  such  that 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war,  he 
raised  a  regiment  within  ten  days  and  was  elected 
its  colonel,  but  he  and  his  command  were  not  called 
upon  for  service.  For  years  he  was  chairman  of 
the  Republican  County  Central  Committee.  In 
1904  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  nomination  as 
state  treasurer.  From  its  organization  he  was  sec- 
retary of  Wilder 's  Brigade  Veterans'  Association, 
and  he  was  a  Knight  Templar,  and  an  official 
member  of  Olney  Methodist  Church.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  fishing.  He  was  married  at 
Olney,  111.,  July  1,  1869,  to  Carliette,  daughter  of 
Othniel  Morehouse,  a  merchant  of  Olney,  111. ;  she 
survives  him,  with  two  children :  Edward,  of 
Freeport,  111.,  and  Maud,  who  married  E.  P. 
Cochennour,  Pratt,  Kan.  He  died  at  Olney,  Ilk, 
Apr.  2,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  page  265.) 

BURGESS,  Theodore  Phillips,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Dedham,  Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1864,  son  of 
Kbenezer  George  and  Ellen  Dodge  (Holmau) 
Burgess.  The  first  of  the  family  in  America  was 
Thomas  Burgess,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
England,  and  settled  at  Salem,  Mass.,  about  lfi.30; 
in  1638  he  was  one  of  the  founders  and  held  all 
offices  in  the  town  of  Sandwich ;  from  him  and 
his  wife,  Dorothy — the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son,  Jacob,  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Nye;  their  son,  Ebenezer,  and  his  wife,  Mercy 
Lowbard ;  their  son,  Ebenezer,  and  his  wife,  Zeruah 
Nye ;  their  son,  Ebenezer,  and  his  wife,  Mercy 
Nye;  their  son,  Prince,  and  his  wife,  Martha 
Crowell;  and  their  son,  Ebenezer,  and  his  wife, 
Abigail  B.  Phillips,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Theodore  Phillips  Burgess.  Ebenezer  George 
Burgess,  father  of  our  subject,  and  a  noted  physi- 
cian in  Dedham,  was  educated  under  private  tutors, 
and  in  Europe.  The  son  was  graduated  at  St. 
Marks  School,  Southboro,  Mass.,  and  at  Harvard 
I'niversity,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in  1887.  In 
1889  he  became  connected  with  the  fibre  company 
of  Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  and  the  following  year  be- 
came manager  and  superintendent  of  the  Shaw- 
mut  Fibre  Co.,  at  Shawmut,  Me.  He  then  organ- 
ized and  became  treasurer  and  general  manager 
of  the  Burgess  Sulphite  Fibre  Co.,  with  mills  at 
Berlin  Falls,  N.  H.,  removing  his  offices  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1901,  and  in  1902  he  was  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  company,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  1908,  when  he  retired  from  active  business 
life.  Mr.  Burgess  had  large  and  original  ideas  in 
whatever  he  undertook.  While  successful  in  his 
business  enterprises,  he  also  found  opportunity  to 
gratify  his  desire  for  travel  and  pleasure,  circum- 
navigating the  world  several  times.  A  natural  fond- 
ness for  the  water  led  to  his  ownership  of  a  num- 
ber of  sailing  yachts.  He  was  a  most  experienced 
yachtsman :  owned  several  yachts,  and  was  his 
own  sailing  master,  and  managed  his  own  boats. 
In  1908  he  purchased  the  Athene,  a  seventy  foot 
sloop,  and  in  1912  the  schooner  yacht  Karina,  at 
that  time  the  largest  sailing  yacht  in  the  world. 
He  made  two  extended  cruises  in  his  yachts — one 
to  the  North  Sea,  and  another,  later,  in  the  Med- 
iterranean Sea.  In  1888,  accompanied  by  a  friend, 
he  made  a  canoe  trip  from  Winnipeg  to  Fort  York, 


GEORGE  F.  WATT 
MAXUFACTURKR 


HENRY  C.  WHITE 
JURIST 


PAUL  SYNNESTVEDT 
LAWYER 


HERMAN  R.  AINSWORTH 
PHYSICIAN 


UK     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Hudson  Bay,  from  which  point  the  only  available 
transportation  to  the  outside  world  was  by  sailing 
vessel  to  England — a  trip  extending  over  nine 
weeks.  While  at  college  he  rowed  with  the  varsity 
crew,  was  a  member  of  the  Harvard  Varsity  foot- 
ball team,  and  took  part  in  other  athletics.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Tennis  and  Racquet  Club  of 
Boston  ;  Norfolk  Hunt  Club  ;  1  >edham  Country  and 
Hunt  Club;  Brookline  Country  Club;  A.  D., 
I).  K.  E.,  and  Hasty  Pudding  clubs  of  Harvard; 
Harvard  Club  of  New  York  and  Harvard  Club  of 
Boston;  and  New  York  Yacht  and  Eastern  Yacht 
chilis.  Mr.  Burgess  was  a  man  of  wide  culture, 
and  deeply  interested  in  Greek  history  and  art. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Republican,  and  in  religion 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  He 
was  married  Sept.  25,  1895,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Prof.  Daniel  Dennison  Slade,  of  Chestnut  Hill, 
Mass.,  and  had  three  children:  Elizabeth, 
Theodore  Phillips  and  William  Farnsworth  Bur- 
gess. He  died  at  Hedliain,  Mass.,  .luly  6,  1917. 

WATT,  George  Frederick,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Springfield,  0.,  May  27,  1867,  son  of 
Andrew  and  Mary  (Elphingstone)  Watt.  After  a 
public  school  education,  George  P.  Watt  entered  the 
office  of  the  Springfield  (Ohio)  Republic,  a  news- 
paper of  which  his  father  was  the  managing 
editor.  Here  he  learned  the  details  of  the  print- 
ing trade,  and  upon  attaining  his  majority  entered 
the  employ  of  P.  F.  Pettibone  &  Co.,  printers  and 
publishers  of  Chicago,  as  superintendent  of  the 
printing  department.  In  1896  he  became  associated 
with  the  Baker- Vawter  Co.,  as  sales  manager,  be- 
coming vice-president  of  the  company  in  1898  and 
the  subsequent  development  and  success  of  the 
business  were  due  largely  to  his  indefatigable 
efforts  and  executive  ability.  In  1907  Mr.  Watt 
became  manager  of  the  Elliott-Fisher  Co.,  of  Har- 
risburg,  Pa.,  which  had  been  organized,  in  1902, 
as  a  consolidation  of  the  Elliott  &  Hatch  Book 
Typewriter  Co.,  the  Fisher  Book  Typewriter  Co., 
the  American  Railway  Typewriter  Co.,  and  the 
American  Standard  Typewriter  Co.,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  manufacturing  a  book  typewriter  and  bill- 
ing machine  for  typewriting  directly  into  books  of 
accounts,  the  invention  of  Crawford  Elliott  and 
Robert  J.  Fisher.  Purchased  by  Hon.  J.  D.  Cam- 
eron, senator  of  Pennsylvania  for  twenty-two  years, 
and  Grant  B.  Schley,  of  N.  Y.,  and  they  financed 
the  Elliott-Fisher  from  the  first.  Up  to  this  time 
the  company  had  expended  a  large  sum  on  experi- 
ments and  improvements,  and  had  been  struggling 
unsuccessfully  to  introduce  the  new  device  to  the 
public.  Mr.  Watt 's  connection  with  the  enterprise 
marked  the  beginning  of  its  success.  Under  his 
management  the  business  was  reorganized  and  be- 
gan an  era  of  prosperity  which  has  continued  to  the 
present.  The  Elliott-Fisher  billing  machines  were 
extensively  introduced  throughout  the  commercial 
world.  In  1912  the  general  of-.ces  of  the  corpora- 
tion were  removed  to  Harrisburg.  Mr.  Watt  was 
elected  ] president  and  served  as  such  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Athletic 
Club,  Columbia  Golf  Club  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
Colonial  Country  Club  of  Harrisburg,  Harrisburg 
Country  Club,  Engineers '  Club,  Harrisburg  City 
Club  and  Harrisburg  chamber  of  commerce;  was  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  a  communicant  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Watt  was  a  man  of  excep- 
tional business  ability  whose  acumen  and  knowledge 
of  business  conditions  enabled  him  to  succeed  in 
many  large  undertakings  where  others  failed.  He 
possessed  marked  personal  characteristics  which  en- 
deared him  to  a  host  of  friends,  and  was  especially 
happy  in  his  home  life.  He  was  married  in  Chic 


ago,  111.,  June  3,  1896,  to  Gertrude,  daughter  of 
D.  Louise  Ingalls,  and  died  without  issue,  Aug 
19,  1917. 

WHITE,  Henry  Clay,  jurist,  was  born  in  New- 
burgh,  O.,  Feb.  2.3,  1S38,  son  of  Wileman  and 
Sabrina  (  Williams)  White.  When  Henry  C.  White 
was  four  years  old  he  lost  his  father,  who  was  a 
builder  and  contractor,  and  the  problem  of  self- 
support  was  thrust  upon  him  at  a  very  early  age. 
Compelled  to  work,  but  eager  for  education,  he 
attended  school  whenever  he  could.  At  twelve  he 
entered  the  Western  Reserve  Eclectic  Institute, 
afterward  known  as  Hiram  College,  which  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in 
1889.  He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Michigan  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1862,"  and 
that  same  year  began  practice  in  Cleveland,  O., 
urn lor  the  direction  of  the  firm  of  Prentiss  <t 
Baldwin.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  employed 
as  a  clerk  in  the  court  of  common  pleas,  after 
which  he  practiced  alone  until  1882,  when  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  William  Robinson,  un- 
drr  the  firm  name  of  Robinson  &  White,  and  so 
continued  until  1SS7.  He  was  then  elected  probate 
judge,  and  was  unanimously  called  to  this  office  for 
six  successive  terms,  until  his  death.  He  served  as 
professor  of  law  in  Western  Reserve  University, 
ami  professor  of  medical  jurisprudence  in  Cleve- 
land Medical  College,  of  which  he  was  for  years 
the  president.  He  was  a  student  of  archaeology, 
of  history,  of  civilization,  and  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures. He  was  long  active  in  the  Euclid  Ave. 
Christian  Church  and  Sunday  school.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Historical  Society;  Ohio 
Archaeological  Society;  Cleveland  Bar  Association; 
an  original  director  of  the  Children 's  Fresh  Air 
Camp  ;  trustee  of  the  Garfield  Memorial ;  member  of 
Holyrood  Commandery,  Knights  Templar;  Knights 
of  Pythias;  Humane  Society;  Early  Settlers'  As- 
sociation ;  Civic  Federation ;  and  the  Rowf ant, 
Colonial,  and  University  clubs.  He  was  married, 
June  14,  1SS6,  to  Sabrina  M.,  daughter  of  Henry 
Capron  of  Auburn,  O.,  and  they  had  four  children: 
Laura  Lavina ;  Henry  Capron;  Willis  Emerson,  de- 
ceased; and  Florence  Adelaide  White.  He  died  in 
Cleveland,  O.,  Jan.  15,  1905. 

SYNNESTVEDT,  Paul,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.,  Apr.  14,  1870,  son  of  Otto  and 
Julia  (Borehsenius)  Synnestvedt.  His  father,  who 
came  from  Bergen,  Norway,  was  a  merchant.  Paul 
Synnestvedt  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  and  Chicago, 
including  Chicago  Manual  Training  School,  now 
merged  with  the  University  High  School.  He  was 
graduated  at  Northwestern  University  Law  School 
in  1897  with  the  degree  LL.B.  As  a  boy  he  was 
v.  messenger  in  the  service  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Co.,  in  Chicago,  and  later  a  teacher  of 
manual  training  in  a  private  school  in  that  city. 
During  1888-91  he  was  general  air  brake  inspector 
for  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway  Co.,  and 
during  the  ensuing  six  years  he  was  mechanical 
expert  and  solicitor  of  patents  for  the  Crane  Co., 
Chicago.  It  was  during  this  latter  occupation  that 
he  began  his  law  studies.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Illinois  in  1897,  and  in  that  .year  began 
practice  in  Chicago.  In  1902  he  removed  to 
Pittsburgh,  where  he  made  a  speciality  of  patent 
law  in  the  Federal  courts,  in  which  lie  met  with 
unique  success.  In  1914  he  established  an  office 
in  Philadelphia  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
has  been  admitted  to  practice  in  the  U.  S.  supreme 
court ;  the  various  U.  S.  circuit  court* ;  the  U.  S. 
circuit  courts  of  appeal,,  and  the  supreme  courts 
of  Illiuois  and  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a.  charter 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


member  of  the  American  Air  Brake  Association, 
and  holds  membership  also  in  the  American  Bar 
Association,  Pennsylvania  State  Bar  Association, 
Allegheny  County  Bar  Association,  Western  Rail- 
way Club,  and  in  the  Railway  and  Union  clubs, 
Pittsburgh,  and  the  Union  League  of  Philadelphia. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  music.  Among  the 
prominent  cases  with  which  he  has  been  connected 
were  some  of  the  suits  of  Westiughouse  Air  Brake 
Co.  vs.  N.  Y.  Air  Brake  Co.,  and  Macbeth  Evans 
Co.  vs.  General  Electric  Co.  In  religious  belief 
he  is  a  Swedenborgian,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Corporation  and  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  the  New  Church  at  Bryn  Atliyn,  Pa.  He 
was  married  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Mar.  3,  1893,  to 
Anna  E.,  daughter  of  Frederick  Lechner,  a  mer- 
chant, of  Pittsburgh;  they  have  twelve  children: 
Arthur,  Hubert,  Elsa,  George,  Evan,  Raymond, 
Kenneth,  Virginia,  Lina,  Anita,  Carl  and  Jane. 

AINSWORTH,  Herman  Reeve,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  at  Erieville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  29, 
1S41,  son  of  Soranis  and  Caroline  (Hawkins) 
Ainsworth.  His  father  was  a  minister.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  college  of  medicine  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  in  1S66  with  the  degree  M.D., 
and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Addison,  N.  Y.  His  medical  skill  and  wide 
knowledge  soon  gained  for  him  a  position  of  prom- 
inence in  the  profession  in  western  New  York,  and 
he  became  favorably  known  throughout  a  large 
section.  He  was  always  active  in  the  affairs  and 
welfare  of  the  village.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education,  and  for  years 
president  of  the  Addison  public  library.  He  was  a 
promotor  of  the  Addison  Rural  Cemetery  Associa- 
tion, and  its  president  since  its  organization.  His 
medical  record  at  Addison  is  one  of  remarkable 
achievement.  His  skill  as  a  diagnostician,  his  dexter- 
ity as  a  surgeon,  placed  him  as  one  of  the  foremost 
physicians  in  the  county.  He  was  married  at 
Hammondsport,  N.  Y.,  May  25,  1871,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  Timothy  M.  Youuglove,  a  farmer,  of 
Hammondsport;  she  survives  him,  with  two  chil- 
dren: Caroline  M.,  who  married  William  R.  Park, 
of  Addison,  N.  Y.,  and  Myra,  now  Mrs.  Wilfrid 
I.  Booth,  the  former  of  Addison,  the  latter  of 
Elmira.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science,  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Society,  and  the  Elmira  Academy  of 
Medicine.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  a  Republican.  He  died  at  Addison, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  3,  1914.  (Portrait  opposite  page  267.) 

MEIER,  Edward  Clarence,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Wyndott,  Kan.,  Apr.  28,  1>HS,  sun  of 
Edward  Daniel  and  Clara  (Gesiecke)  Meier.  His 
father,  who  gained  the  title  of  colonel  in  the  Fed- 
eral army  during  the  civil  war,  was  the  founder 
and  president  of  the  Heine  Safety  Boiler  Co.,  of 
St.  Louis;  he  was  a  native  of  Germany.  Edward 
C.  Meier  received  his  education  at  Washington 
University,  and  entered  his  father 's  works  as 
erecting  engineer.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father, 
he  succeeded  to  the  presidency  of  the  company, 
which  is  capitalized  at  $100,000  and  which  at  his 
death  had  annual  sales  of  over  a  million  dollars. 
A  branch  of  the  boiler  works  was  established  at 
Phcenixville,  Pa.,  in  1894,  after  which  he  took  up 
his  residence  at  that  place  and  gave  personal 
supervision  to  his  plant  until  his  death.  He  had 
given  all  of  his  energies  to  the  maximum  produc- 
tion of  war  supplies,  and  was  bending  all  of  his 
efforts  to  aiding  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 
in  every  way  possible.  At  the  moment  of  his  death 
be  was  attending,  in  Philadelphia,  a  meeting  of 


more  than  two  hundred  heads  of  industries  turning 
out  munitions,  etc.,  for  the  U.  S.  government,  which 
meeting  had  been  called  by  the  district  production 
board  of  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation.  He 
was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  a  dominant  factor  in 
the  Manufacturers '  Club,  Philadelphia.  His  po- 
litical affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Unitarian  church. 
He  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  June  1, 
1894,  to  Charlotta,  daughter  of  Oley  Douglass. 
She  survives  him,  with  four  children:  Edward 
Daniel,  Theodore,  with  the  American  Mercantile 
Bank  of  Brazil,  Inc.,  Para,  Brazil,  South  America; 
Clarence  Cornelius,  Chestnut  Hill;  and  Charlotte 
Alice  Meir.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  May  7,  1H :.'. 

CHILDEES,  Ben,  lawyer,  was  born'  in  Giles 
county,  Tenn.,  Aug.  29,  1872,  son  of  J.  Samuel 
and  Ada  (Pullen)  Childers.  His  father  was  a 
merchant.  Ben  Childers  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  public  and  private  schools.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yanderbilt  University  in  1895  with 
the  degree  A.B.,  and  at  the  college  of  law  of  that 
institution  in  1897  with  the  degree  B.L.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tennes- 
see and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Pulaski,  Tenn.,  continuing  there  until  his  death. 
As  a  lawyer  he  figured  in  much  notable  litigation 
and  gained  prominence  in  his  profession.  He  was 
a  member  of  various  law  associations,  the  Benevo- 
lent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Knights  of 
Pythias,  and  the  Masonic  fraternity.  His  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  South.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
the  enjoyment  of  literature.  He  was  married, 
June  4,  1902,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Phillips, 
a  farmer,  of  Pulaski,  Tenn.  Two  children  survive: 
Emma  and  Ada  Childers.  He  died  in  New  Orleans, 
La.,  Jan.  .'{,  1917. 

ANDERSEN,  Arthur  Edward,  accountant, 
was  born  at  Piano,  111.,  May  30,  1885,  son  of 
John  William  and  Mary  (Aabye)  Andersen.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  a  foundryman. 
Arthur  E.  Andersen  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  public  schools.  He  obtained  a  degree  as 
certified  public  accountant  at  University  of  Illinois 
in  190S,  and  in  1917  received  a  degree  from  the 
Northwestern  University  as  bachelor  of  business 
administration.  He  began  his  business  career  in 
Chicago  in  1901  in  the  offices  of  the  comptroller 
of  the  Allis-Chalmers  Co.  He  was  senior  account- 
ant for  Price,  Waterhouse  &  Co.,  Chicago,  during 
1907-11 ;  comptroller  for  the  Uihlein  interests,  Mil- 
waukee, during  1911-12,  and  since  the  latter  year 
has  been  senior  partner  of  Arthur  Andersen  & 
Co.,  certified  public  accountants.  Since  1912  has 
been  professor  of  accounting  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. Arthur  Andersen  &  Co.  have  branch  of- 
fices in  New  York  city  and  Milwaukee,  and  are 
engaged  in  the  general  practice  of  accounting,  in- 
cluding industrial  engineering.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Accountants,  Illinois 
Society  of  Certified  Public  Accountants,  Society  of 
Industrial  Engineers,  Alpha  Kappa  Psi  fraternity, 
and  the  Mid-Day,  Bob-o-link  Golf  and  University 
clubs,  Chicago.  He  is  author  of  "Complete  Ac- 
counting Course."  He  finds  his  chief  recreation 
in  automobiling,  golf,  boating  and  fishing.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  church. 
His  residence  is  at  Evanfton,  111.  He  was  married 
in  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  8,  1906,  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  James  Arnold,  a  contractor  of  Chicago;  they 
have  two  children:  Ethel  Bernice  and  Arthur 
Arnold  Andersen. 


EDWARD  C.  MEIER 

M.  \XUFACTURKK 


BEN  CHILDERS 

LAWYER 


AKTHL'R  E.  AXDERSEX 
ACCOUNTANT 


ROBERT  CHAMBERS 
EDUCATOR 


#V--n-t'i_ 


OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  269 

CHAMBERS,  Robert,  educator  and  mission-  AIXEN,  John  Mills,  lawyer,  banker,  planter 
ary,  was  born  in  Norwich  township,  Oxford  CO.,  and  congressman,  was  born  near  Baldwyn  Pren- 
Ontario,  Canada,  May  1,  1S49,  the  eldest  son  of  ti.su  cc>.,  Miss.,  July  x,  1X46,  son  of  David  Mullina 
Maj.  Robert  and  Catherine  Lucas  (Nesbitt)  Cham-  and  Sally  Ann  (Spencer)  Allen,  grandson  of 
bers,  and  grandson  of  Robert  Chambers  of  Moy-  Robert  A'llen,  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
anch,  Tyrone  county,  Ireland,  who  came  to  Am-  Virginia  legislature,  aiid  great-grandson  of  Wil- 
erica  in  1814  with  a  family  of  five  song  and  five  Ham  Allen,  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
daughters  and  settled  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  mov-  His  father  moved  from  Henry  county,  Va.,  to 
ing  two  years  later  to  York  (now  Toronto),  Can-  Mississippi,  about  1840  and  was  a  prosperous 
ada.  He  was  graduated  at  Queen 's  University,  planter.  Although  too  young  to  enlist  in  the  Oon- 
Kingston,  Canada,  in  1866,  and  at  Princeton  Theo-  federate  army  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  war, 
logical  Seminary  in  1869.  In  1897,  after  the  young  Allen  Obtained  valuable  information  for  the 
Armenian  massacres  of  1895-96,  Queen 's  Univer-  Confederate  general  and  later  was  present  with 
Bity  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  his  brothers  at  the  second  battle  of  Manassas  and 
D.D.  In  1869  he  was  ordained  to  the  Presbyterian  the  battle  of  Antietam.  Returning  to  Mississippi, 
ministry  and  became  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  he  joined  a  company  of  scouts  and  did  scout  duty 
i  lunch  at  Nairn,  Out.,  moving  in  1S76  to  Whitby,  under  On.  Forrest.  After  the  war  he  became  a 
Ontario.  In  1879  ha  went  as  missionary  of  the  student  in  the  law  school  of  Cumberland  Univer- 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  sity,  Lebanon,  Tenu.,  and  was  graduated  with  the 
Missions  to  Turkey.  His  first  task  as  missionary  degree  of  LL.B.  at  the  University  of  Mississippi 
was  to  engage  as  relief  administrator  in  the  region  in  1870.  His  instructor  in  law  at  the  university 
of  Erzeroum,  which_  was  stricken  by  the  Russo-  was  L.  Q.  C.  Lamar,  afterward  U.  S.  senator,  cab- 
Turkish  war  of  1877-78.  He  travelled  extensively  inet  officer  and  jurist,  and  the  acquaintance  thus 
throughout  Armenia  and  the  part  of  Transcaucasia  begun  between  teacher  and  pupil  ripened  into  a 
bordering  on  Turkish  Armenia  and,  with  his  younger  life-long  friendship.  He  began  the  practice  of 
brother,  William  Nesbitt,  a  fellow  missionary,  de-  law  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  in  partnership  with  his 
veloped  the  Erzeroum  and  Erzingan  fields.  His  brother-in-law,  Col.  Jeptha  Robins,  under  the  firm 
life  there  brought  him  into  close  and  sympathetic  name  of  Robins  &  Allen,  which  became  Allen  & 
touch  with  all  that  is  best  in  the  Armenian  char-  Robins  in  1883,  when  Col.  Robins'  place  was  taken 
acter.  He  visited  Etehmiadzin,  the  seat  of  the  by  his  son,  J.  Q.  Robins.  In  1875  Mr.  Allen  was 
Armenian  Catholics  in  Caucasia,  and  was  an  intim-  elected  district  attorney  for  the  first  judicial  dis- 
ate  friend  of  the  Catholicos.  In  1891  he  was  trict  of  Mississippi,  and  served  four  years.  He  was 
given  charge  of  the  Nicomedia  mission  field,  for  many  years  attorney  for  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Bithynia,  east  of  Constantinople  where  he  de-  Railroad,  and  was  the  confidential  adviser  of  great 
eloped  many  churches  and  schools.  During  the  business  interests.  He  was  a  great  trial  lawyer 
Armenian  massacres  of  1895-96,  hia  tact  in  dealing  and  was  engaged  in  some  of  the  most  important 
with  Turkish  officials  and  his  influence  as  a  British  cases,  criminal  and  civil,  that  were  ever  tried  in 
subject  saved  many  a  town  and  village  in  Bithynia  North  Mississippi.  It  was  during  his  initial  cam- 
from  massacre.  To  cope  with  some  of  the  destitu-  paigu  for  congress  that  he  won  the  sobriquet  of 
tion  resulting  from  the  massacres,  he  founded  a  "Private  John  Allen."  His  opponent  in  this 
large  orphanage  which  grew  into  the  Favre  Boy's  campaign  was  Gen.  W.  S.  Tucker,  a  distinguished 
Home,  an  important  annex  of  the  Bithynia  High  Confederate  veteran.  In  the  first  joint  debate  of 
School.  This  school,  under  his  supervision,  grew  the  campaign  Tucker  said:  " Seventeen  years  ago, 
from  a  small  mission  boarding  school  into  a  self-  my  fellow  citizens,  after  a  hard  fought  battle  on 
supporting  school  of  collegiate  standing  with  an  yonder  hill  I  bivouacked  under  yonder  clump  of 
attendance  of  350  in  1912.  He  organized  and  was  trees.  Those  of  you  who  remember,  as  I  do,  the 
secretary  of  the  Western  Turkey  Mission  Board  of  times  that  tried  men  's  souls  will  not,  I  hope,  for- 
Education  and  for  many  years  he  served  on  the  get  your  humble  servant  when  the  primaries  shall 
board  of  advisors  of  the  American  College  for  be  held."  Thereupon  John  Allen  rose  and  said: 
Girls,  (now  Constantinople  College).  While  on  his  "My  fellow  citizens,  what  Gen.  Tucker  says  about 
furloughs  in  1888-91  and  1912-14  he  traveled  in  the  having  bivouacked  in  yonder  clump  of  trees  on 
United  States  and?  Canada,  addressing  Congrega-  that  night  is  true.  It  is  also  true  that  I  was  vidette 
tional  and  other  churches  on  missionary  work  in  picket  and  stood  guard  over  him  while  he  slept. 
Turkey.  When  the  European  war  broke  out  he  Now  all  of  you  who  were  generals  anil  had  privates 
was  compelled  to  leave  Turkey,  (July,  1915),  and,  stand  guard  over  you  while  you  slept,  vote  for 
returning  to  America,  collected  funds  for  relief  Gen.  Tucker;  and  all  of  you  who  were  privates 
in  Turkey.  He  was  secretary  of  the  New  England  and  stood  guard  over  the  generals  while  they  slept, 
Committee  for  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief.  Dr.  vote  for  Private  John  Allen."  He  served  in  con- 
Chambers  was  the  author  of  many  sermons,  articles  gress  sixteen  years  (1SS5-1901.)  During  his  last 
and  addresses  in  Armenian  periodicals  and  wrote  term  as  congressman  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
for  the  press  of  the  United  States  on  the  subject  U.  S.  senate  against  Gov.  Anselm  J.  McLaurin,  but 
of  Armenia  and  of  missions.  Earnest  and  intense  was  defeated  and  retired  to  private  life.  He  had 
in  his  devotion  to  the  ideals  of  his  work,  he  won  almost  as  many  friends  among  the  Republicans  as 
the  love  and  confidence  of  the  natives  because  of  his  among  the  Democrats,  and  did  everything  in  his 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  Armenian  nature  and  his  power  to  promote  good  feeling  between  the  North 
deep  appreciation  of  the  intrinsic  good  in  their  and  the  South.  He  was  reputed  to  be  the  most 
national  customs  and  their  national  church.  He  popular  and  influential  member  of  the  house;  both 
was  an  able  organizer  and  possessed  a  striking  the  great  and  the  humble  recognized  his  abilities, 
power  to  reconcile  opposing  points  of  view.  He  and  he  was  on  intimate  social  terms  with  many 
was  married,  Dec.  31,  1872,  to  Bessie,  daughter  of  of  the  greatest  men  of  the  nation,  including  every 
John  Lawson  of  Dereham,  Oxford  Co.,  Ontario,  president  of  the  United  States  during  the  last 
ard  had  four  sons,  of  whom  two  survive  him:  quarter  of  a  century,  especially  with  Cleveland  and 
Robert,  of  New  York  city,  and  Lawson  Powers,  of  McKinley,  both  of  whom  called  him  John.  His 
<  'onstautinople  Coll  ge.  He  died  in  Newton,  Mass.,  career  in  congress  was  brilliant,  and  his  wit,  always 
Apr.  2,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.)  carrying  with  it  good  feeling,  and  disclosing  some 


L'TO 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


strong  point  which  he  could  not  have  made  other- 
wise, was  pleasing  and  without  offense.  He  was  a 
member  (charter)  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion and  of  the  Mississippi  Bar  Association.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  People 's  Bank  &  Trust 
Co.  of  Tupelo;  the  Tupelo  Fertilizer  Factory  and 
the  Tupelo  Oil  &  Ice  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Tupelo.  He  was  one  of 
the  commissioners  of  the  World  's  Fair  at  St.  Louis, 
in  19U4.  He  attended  the  Democratic  national  con- 
vention from  the  time  Horace  Greeley  was  nomi- 
nated until  his  death.  He  gave  the  keenest  attention 
to  everything  pertaining  to  agriculture.  His  chief 
recreation  was  planting  and  cultivating.  He  was 
very  public-spirited  and  gave  of  his  money  and 
time  unsparingly  to  whatever  promised  good  to  his 
community.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church.  He  was  married,  Dee.  24,  1872,  to 
Georgia,  daughter  of  Swepson  Taylor  of  Tupelo, 
Miss.,  and  of  their  six  children,  only  two  lived 
to  maturity :  Annie  Belle,  who  married  Samuel 
James  High,  and  Georgia  May,  who  married  Eobert 
A.  Weaver.  He  died  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  Oct.  30, 
1917. 

COTTON,  Joseph  Bell,  lawyer,  was  born  near 
Albion,  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  6,  1865,  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Riddle)  Cotton,  and  a  descendant 
of  Rev.  John  Cotton  (q.  v.),  who  came  over  from 
England  and  became  "teacher"  of  the  first 
church  (Congregational),  in  Boston.  He  was 
graduated  at  Michigan  Agricultural  College  in 
1886  with  the  degree  B.S.  He  then  studied  law 
at  Lansing  and  Albion  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Hon.  Edwin  Willet,  of  Lansing,  and  Judge  L.  H. 
Wrigley,  of  Albion.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Michigan  and  Minnesota  in  1888  and  in  that 
year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Duluth,  Minn.  For  many  years  he  has  made  a 
specialty  of  corporation,  railroad  and  mining 
law,  and  he  represents  professionally  a  number 
of  important  corporate  interests  throughout  this 
countiy,  in  Canada  and  Mexico.  As  special  or 
general  counsel,  he  has  been  and  is  associated 
with  numerous  railroad,  mining  and  other  cases  of 
importance  throughout  the  country.  During  1893- 
1909,  inclusive,  he  was  general  solicitor  of  the 
Lake  Superior  Consolidated  Iron  Mines,  and  the 
Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern  Railway  Co.,  while 
during  1901-09  he  also  acted  in  similar  capac- 
ity for  The  Duluth  &  Iron  Range  Railroad 
Co.,  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Co.,  and  the  Minne- 
sota Iron  Co.,  subsidiary  companies  of  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation.  He  was  a  dominant 
factor  on  behalf  of  Duluth  in  inducing  the  cor- 
poration in  1907  to  locate  an  extensive  steel  plant 
and  mills  at  the  head  of  the  Great  Lakes  at 
Duluth.  Since  1909  he  has  been  special  counsel 
for  all  of  the  companies  last  named,  as  well  as 
for  other  companies.  He  is  president  of 
the  Glass  Block  Department  Store  of  Duluth, 
formerly  the  Panton  &  White  Co.;  presi- 
dent and  general  counsel  of  the  Sierra  Consoli- 
dated Mines  Co.,  operating  in  Mexico;  vice-presi- 
dent and  general  counsel  of  the  Consolidated  Cop- 
permines  Co.,  operating  mines  in  Nevada,  and  of 
the  North  Butte  Mining  Co.,  operating  mines  in 
Montana;  general  counsel  Greene  Cananea  and 
Greene  Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  controlling  and 
operating  mines  in  Mexico ;  general  counsel  F.  A. 
Patrick  &  Co.,  wholesale  drygoods  and  manufac- 
turers, Duluth;  general  counsel  Consolidated  In- 
terstate-Callahan  Mining  Co.,  operating  mines  in 
Idaho.  Since  Jan.  1,  1915,  he  has  been  head  of  the 
law  firm  at  Duluth  of  Cotton,  Neukom  &  Colton, 
with  John  \V.  Xmkom  and  Chauncey  C.  Colton.  lie 


also  has  a  law  office  in  New  York  city,  where 
he  is  engaged  in  practice,  specializing  in  corpora- 
tion and  mining  law.  In  1893  he  was  a  Republi- 
can member  of  the  Minnesota  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, and  he  was  a  delegate  from  Minne- 
sota to  the  National  Republican  conventions  of 
1904  and  1908.  He  is  a  32nd  degree  Mason,  a 
Knight  Templar,  and  a  past  sovereign  of  the 
Knights  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Constantine.  He  is  a 
past  exalted  ruler  of  Duluth  Lodge,  Benevol- 
ent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  and  a  mem- 
ber also  of  the  Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity. 
His  clubs  are  the  Kitchi  Gammi,  Northland 
Country,  Commercial,  Duluth  Curling  and  Du- 
luth Boat  clubs,  Duluth;  Minnesota  Club,  St. 
Paul ;  Minneapolis  Club,  Minneapolis ;  Washing- 
ton Club,  Isle  Royale;  Indiana  Society  of  Chi- 
cago and  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association, 
Chicago,  and  of  the  Lawyers',  Republican,  Rocky 
Mountain  and  Bankers  clubs  of  New  Yrork  city; 
also  of  the  Minnesota  and  American  Bar  asso- 
ciations. Mr.  Cotton  was  married  Jan.  4,  1900,  to 
Louise,  daughter  of  Albert  C.  Hubbell,  a  lumber- 
man, of  Duluth.  and  has  three  children:  Josephine 
Bell,  Mary  Louise  and  John  Mather  Cotton. 

DEAN,  Marvin  Ansel,  merchant,  was  born  at 
Canaan,  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  Nov.  13,  1S52,  son 
of  Henry  and  Almira  (Muuson)  Deau.  His  earli- 
est paternal  American  ancestor  was  William  Dean, 
who  came  from  Chard,  England,  in  the  17th  cen- 
tury and  settled  in  New  England.  His  wife  was 
Mehitable  Wood,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  sou  Scth  and  his 
wife  Ann  Skinner;  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Rachel  Jones,  to  their  son  Eli  Dean  and  his  wife 
Judith  Howe,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  M.-ir- 
vin  Ansel  Dean.  Henry  Dean,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, was  a  farmer.  Marvin  Ansel  Dean  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Canaan,  the 
impaired  health  of  his  father  and  the  difficult 
period  during  and  following  the  civil  war  limiting 
his  educational  advantages.  At  fourteen  he  be- 
came office  boy  in  the  National  Iron  Bank,  Falls 
Village,  Conn.  In  1871  he  was  elected  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  Falls  Village  Savings  Bank,  subse- 
quently being  made  treasurer,  continuing  iu  that 
capacity  until  1878.  His  work  was  so  well  re- 
garded by  the  bank  commissioners  of  the  state 
that  upon  the  organization  of  a  state  savings  bank 
association  he  was  elected  secretary,  in  1877.  The 
following  year  he  removed  to  Sparta,  Wis.,  where 
he  became  interested  in  a  local  grocery  business 
in  which  he  met  with  success.  In  1881  he  entered 
the  service  of  Sprague,  Warner  &  Co.,  wholesale 
grocers  of  Chicago,  and  became  one  of  the  in- 
corporators  of  that  house  iu  1896,  when  he  was 
elected  a  director  and  secretary  of  the  corpora- 
tion in  1910  became  vice-president  and  treasurer,  in 
1918  chairman  of  the  Board,  and  in  1919  chairman 
of  the  executives.  The  house  of  Sprague,  Warner 
&.  Co.  was  founded  originally  by  Albert  A.  Sprague, 
ir,  1S6-.  Erra  J.  Warner  entered  the  firm  in 
1863  and  Otho  S.  A.  Sprague  in  1864.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  TTnion  League  Club,  Chicago.  His 
residence  is  at  Evanston,  where  he  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Congregationnlist  church,  and  he 
is  a  corporate  member  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  His  political 
affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
married  at  Falls  Village,  Conn.,  Dec.  31,  1876,  to 
Carrie  A.,  daughter  of  William  Joseph  CnnfieM,  a 
manufacturer  of  Falls  Village:  they  have  two  cliil 
dren:  William  Dwight  (1883),  "a  lawyer,  and 
Frances  Caroline,  who  married  Robert  Jared 
Bassett. 


i^--<_ CH^^L^tfrr<          /^ 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


WOKMSER,  Leo  Falk,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.,  July  li,  1KS4,  son  of  David  and 
Frida  (Falk)  TA'ormser.  His  father,  who  came 
from  Germany  in  1S7U  and  settled  in  Chicago, 
was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Falk,  Woruiser  <!c  Co., 
hop  merchants  and  dealers  in  brewer's  supplies; 
he  was  also  active  in  civic  and  industrial  life  in 
Chicago.  Leo  F.  Wormser  received  his  prelim- 
inary education  in  Chicago  grammar  schools.  He 
was  graduated  at  Armour  Institute  of  Technology 
in  1901,  and  at  the  University  of  Chicago  in  19U4 
with  the  degree  Ph.B.  He  was  a  student  at  Har- 
vard Law  School  during  1901-06,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Illinois  in  1909  and  in  that  year 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago  as 
an  associate  in  the  firm  of  Rosenthal  &  Hamill. 
Since  1911  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Rosenthal,  Hamill  &  Wormser,  with  Lessing  Rosen- 
thai  and  Charles  H.  Hamill.  His  practice  is  gen- 
eral, with  extensive  association  in  matters  of  cor- 
porate management  and  reorganization,  and  a 
broad  representation  of  commercial  and  finan- 
cial interests.  This  practice  extends  to  the  state  and 
federal  courts.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Society  for  the  Judicial  Settlement  of  International 
Disputes,  American  Bar  Association,  Illinois  State 
Bar  Association,  Chicago  Bar  Association,  Chicago 
Society  of  Advocates,  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and 
Delta  Sigma  Rho  fraternities,  Order  of  the  Coif, 
Forum  Club  of  Harvard  Law  School,  and  of  the 
City,  Law,  Caxton,  Mid-Day,  Standard  and  Har- 
vard clubs,  Chicago.  He  is  identified  with  various 
charitable  organizations  and  movements  for  social 
betterment,  is  a  director  of  the  Alumni  Council  of 
the  University  of  Chicago,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Public  Education  Association  of  Chicago  and  the 
Associated  Jewish  Charities  of  Chicago.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  an  Independent  Republican.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  walking,  horse-back  riding 
and  automobiling.  He  was  married,  Oct.  23,  1911, 
to  Helen  E.,  daughter  of  Aaron  W.  Goldsmith,  of 
the  Cincinnati  (0.)  law  firm  of  Harmon,  Colston, 
Goldsmith  &  Hoadly.  They  have  one  child,  Elaine, 
born  August  7,  1912. 

YOUNG,  James  Carleton,  capitalist  and  bib- 
liophile, was  born  at  Marion,  la.,  July  29,  1856, 
son  of  Joseph  Barris  and  Jane  (Carter)  Young. 
He  was  graduated  (B.S.)  at  Cornell  College,  Mt. 
Veruon,  la.,  in  1876,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.S. 
in  1879  and  Litt.D.  in  1908.  In  1913  Lenox 
College,  Hopkinton,  la.,  gave  him  the  degree  of 
Litt.D.  Upon  graduating  he  entered  the  real  es- 
tate business.  Realizing  that  Minneapolis  was  des- 
tined to  be  the  center  of  the  land  and  colonization 
business  of  the  northwest  he  made  his  headquar- 
ters in  that  city,  and  interesting  a  banker  in  his 
plans  for  colonizing  the  comparatively  new  coun- 
try, he  proceeded  to  buy  farm  lands  in  Minnesota, 
Iowa  and  the  Dakotas,  investing  all  the  money  he 
could  borrow  and  buying  on  shares  with  wealthy 
men,  among  them  Jay  Cooke,  whose  western  rep- 
resentative he  was  for  many  years.  He  was  known 
for  years  as  the  colonization  leader  of  the  north- 
west'. He  became  president  of  the  Central  Track- 
age Co.  the  James  C.  Young  Land  Co.  and  Imperial 
Investment  Co.;  vice-president  Guaranty  Invest- 
ment Co.  and  Guaranty  Realty  Co.  secretary 
and  later  vice-president  North  Dakota  Clay 
and  Conl  Co.,  and  treasurer  and  vice-president 
Empire  Real  Estate  and  Mortgage  Co.  He  was 
president  (1884-86)  ol  the  National  Association  of 
Real  Estate  Dealers,  and  honorary  commissioner  of 
the  United  States  to  the  Paris  Exhibition,  187S. 
Always  interested  in  literature  his  avocation  wa< 
the  formation  of  a  library  which  shoul  1  contain 


the  best  books  of  the  most  celebrated  living  authors 
of  the  world,  each  characteristically  inscribed  by 
the  writer,  and  it  became  the  most  remarkable  col- 
lection of  its  character  in  existence.  In  1902  the 
1'aris  Figaro  christened  him  "King  of  books," 
and  in  1910  he  was  decorated  by  the  French  Re- 
public with  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor, 
as  a  recognition  of  his  services  to  literature,  and 
he  was  honored  with  unanimous  election  to  the 
Societe  DCS  Amis  Des  Livres,  Paris;  the  most 
exclusive  book  club  in  the  world,  being  one  of 
only  three  foreign  members.  He  was  a  fellow 
of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  London; 
honorary  member  Geographical  Society  of  Lima, 
1'eru;  companion  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion,  and  member  practically  of  all  the 
book  clubs  of  importance  in  this  country,  includ- 
ing the  Caxton,  Chicago;  Grolier  Club  and  Dunlop 
Society,  New  York ;  Rowf ant  Club,  Cleveland ; 
Philobiblon  Club,  Philadelphia;  Prince  Society  and 
Bibliophile  Society,  Boston,  also  the  Authors' 
Club,  London,  and  corresponding  member  Society 
of  Men  of  Letters,  Paris.  Mr.  Young  also  had 
a  large  collection  of  autograph  manuscripts,  many 
of  them  now  beyond  price,  and  hundreds  of  auto- 
graphed photographs  which  were  sent  him  by  vari- 
ous celebrities.  His  personal  acquaintance  with 
literary  people  probably  exceeded  that  of  any  per- 
son of  his  day  and  generation.  Many  of  them 
stopped  at  his  Minneapolis  residence  to  spend  a 
few  days  among  his  books  and  in  the  pleasant 
atmosphere  of  his  home,  and  on  his  journeys  he 
was  a  guest  under  many  a  famous  literary  roof. 
After  Zola's  death  Mr.  Young  came  into  posses- 
sion of  his  library  of  847  inscribed  volumes,  and 
many  of  his  autographed  letters,  many  of  them 
relating  to  his  unfulfilled  desire  to  enter  the 
French  Academy.  He  possessed  the  best  collec- 
tion of  Fieldiana  extant.  This  great  collection 
had  been  from  its  inception  a  serious  enterprise, 
seriously  carried  forward.  He  had  a  forceful  an.l 
dominating  personality,  with  a  tender,  affec- 
tionate disposition.  He  was  generous  to  a  fault, 
scrupulously  just  in  his  business  relations  and  al- 
ways considerate  of  the  welfare  of  others.  He 
was  married  Apr.  30,  1888,  to  Etta  May,  daughter 
of  Charles  Frederic  Rogers,  a  banker  of  Lake  City, 
Minn.,  who  survived  him,  with  one  daughter,  Mar- 
guerite Rogers,  who  married  Henry  Howard  Har- 
per, of  New  York  city.  James  Carlton  Young  died 
in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Jan.  7,  1918. 

ALLISON,  James,  realty  operator  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  East  Palestine,  Columbiana 
eo.,  O.,  Jan.  1,  1S38,  son  of  Obadiali  and  Ellen 
(Burt)  Allison,  and  member  of  the  famous  McAlli- 
son  family  of  Scotch  descent.  Obadiah  Allison, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  farmer,  was  a  brother 
of  Nancy  Allison,  the  beloved  mother  of  Pren. 
William  McKinley.  The  subject  was  a  boyhood 
playmate  of  his  cousin,  the  martyred  president.  He 
received  his  education  chiefly  at  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University,  Delaware,  where  he  came  under  the  per- 
sonal direction  of  Prof.  L.  D.  McCabe  and  Pres. 
Mathew  Simpson,  afterwards  Bishop  Simpson,  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  These  men  had 
a  lasting  influence  on  his  life.  For  five  years  he 
taught  school,  and  during  four  of  these  was  su- 
perintendent of  schools  at  Frederictown,  O.  He 
was  then  for  twenty  years  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business  at  Mansfield,  O.,  and  for  a  brief  period 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Delaware, 
O.  In  1886  he  settled  at  Wichita,  Kan.,  where  for 
twenty-two  years  he  was  a  real  estate  and  loan 
broker,  as  a  partner  of  George  M.  Dickson.  Mi- 
did  much  to  make  Ms  adopted  home  a  better  and 


272 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


more  attractive  city  for  others;  also  he  was  a 
dominant  factor  in  every  form  of  religious  welfare 
work  and  philanthropic  effort.  As  a  member  of 
the  Wichita  school  board  he  promoted  the  Normal 
Training  school.  He  loaned  money  to  many  stu- 
dents in  order  that  they  might  properly  finish  their 
education.  In  early  life  he  helped  eight  of  his 
brothers  and  sisters,  and  subsequently  other  rela- 
tives, to  secure  a  better  education.  He  made  it 
possible  for  many  of  the  young  people  of  "Wichita 
to  build  homes  by  giving  them  lots  on  easy  payment 
plans.  He  was  frequently  urged  to  become  a  can- 
didate for  mayor,  but  as  often  declined,  on  the 
ground  that  he  was  a  patriot  rather  than  a  poli- 
tician. In  1900  Pres.  McKinley  appointed  him 
one  of  the  U.  S.  commissioners  to  the  Paris  Ex- 
position. His  greatest  interest  was  in  Sunday 
school  work.  For  six  years,  while  superintendent 
at  Mansfield,  he  took  tweuty-foiir  of  his  teachers 
to  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.,  for  Bible  study.  Several 
of  them  also  took  the  Chautauqua  literary  and 
scientific  course,  graduating  with  the  first  class 
there,  in  18S2.  For  fifty-two  years,  in  all,  he  was 
Sunday  school  superintendent,  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury of  this  time  as  superintendent  of  the  Trinity 
church  school,  Wichita,  of  which  he  was  superin- 
tendent emeritus  at  his  death.  In  1904  he  was 
delegate  to  the  World  's  Sunday  School  Convention, 
Jerusalem.  At  Wichita  he  was  a  factor  not  only 
In  various  forms  of  municipal  improvement,  but 
in  building  homes  for  the  Young  Men's  and  Young 
Women 's  Christian  Associations,  the  Deaconess 
Home  and  the  Children  's  Home.  He  was  dominant 
in  locating  Friends'  University,  also  the  Kansas 
State  Sanitarium,  at  Wichita.  For  years,  when 
Southwestern  University,  at  Winfield,  was  strug- 
gling for  a  start,  he  was  one  of  tue  main  support- 
ers among  the  trustees,  and  his  optimistic  spirit  was 
invaluable  to  the  welfare  of  that  school.  Not  only 
was  he  deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of  Trinity 
church,  Wichita,  of  which  he  was  a  member  of  the 
building  committee  and  had  held  other  official  po- 
sitions, but  he  had  a  broad  view  of  the  general 
interests  of  the  whole  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
He  was  twice  lay  delegate  from  the  southwest  Kan- 
sas conference  to  the  general  conference,  in 
Cleveland  and  Baltimore.  For  years  he  per- 
sonally supported  ten  missionaries  in  the  for- 
eign field,  and  on  his  return  from  Palestine 
in  1904  he  lectured  on  mission  work.  He  was 
president  of  the  Wichita  school  board  for  four 
years,  and  was  a  member  of  the  city  council.  He 
was  married  (1)  in  1866,  to  Carrie  Dunn;  she 
died  in  1S87.  He  married  (2)  in  18S9,  Susie 
Winn;  she  died  in  1893.  He  married  (3)  Emily 
B.  Fowler,  in  1895;  she  survives  him,  with  one 
child,  by  the  first  union:  George  Dunn  Allison, 
who  is  with  the  National  Biscuit  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
He  died  at  Wichita,  Kan.,  Nov.  11,  1916. 

JIPSON,  Norton  William,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  at  Dayton,  Wis.,  Mar.  12,  1805, 
son  of  Samuel  Fayette  and  Lucy  Jane  (Shaw) 
Jipson.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  John  Jepson,  a  native  of  England,  who  is  of 
record  in  Boston  in  1639.  His  wife  was  Emma 
Coddington,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife, 
Mercy  Daniels;  their  son,  Micah,  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Bate  Joy;  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife, 
Betsey  Leach,  to  their  son,  Cyral  Jipson,  and  his 
wife,  Phebe  Sears,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Norton  William  Jipson.  John  Jepson  (I)  and 
John  Jepson  (II)  held  various  public  offices  in 
Boston.  John  Jepson  (IV)  was  a  member  of  Ar- 
nold 's  Quebec  expedition.  Cyral  Jipson  (V) 


adopted  the  present  form  of  spelling  the  name. 
Samuel  Fayette  Jipson,  father  of  the  subject  and 
a  native  of  Winfield,  N.  Y.,  was  a  b  .ilding  con- 
tractor. Norton  William  Jipson  received  his 
preliminary. education  at  Evansville  (Wis.)  Semi- 
nary. He  was  graduated  at  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Medical  School  in  1889  with  the  degree  M.D. 
In  that  year  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Chicago,  and  still  continues  in  general 
practice  in  that  city.  He  is  physician  for  several 
corporations,  and  a  member  of  the  staff  of  Lake- 
side Hospital.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
State  Medical  Society  and  Chicago  Medical  So- 
ciety. His  favorite  pursuit  is  historical  research. 
He  is  author  of  ' '  Genealogy  of  the  Jepson-Jipson 
Family,"  (1917).  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Republican  party,  and  he  holds  membership  in 
the  Congregational  church.  He  was  married  Apr. 
2,  1S89,  to  Olie  E.,  daughter  of  Elou  O.  Hammond, 
a  farmer,  of  Montpelier,  Yt.;  they  have  three 
children:  Lucy  Hannah,  now  Mrs.  James  C. 
Matchett;  Elon  Hammond,  a  commercial  artist, 
and  Eaymond  Norton  Jipson. 

ALLEN,  Victor  Maxon,  publisher,  banker, 
realty  operator  and  legislator,  was  born  at  Peters- 
burgh,  Bensselaer  CO.,  N.  Y.,  July  14,  1870,  son  of 
Amos  H.  and  Emily  J.  (Maxon)  Allen.  His  father, 
a  publisher,  served  twelve  years  as  school  commis- 
sioner of  Eensselaer  county  and  had  a  wide  ac- 
quaintance with  the  prominent  Republicans  of  New 
York  state  and  city.  Victor  M.  Allen  was  gradu- 
ated at  Columbia  University  in  1892  with  the 
degree  A.B.  In  that  year  he  began  his  business 
career  as  a  publisher.  He  was  president  of  the 
Taconic  Valley  Bank,  Lerlin,  N.  Y.,  of  which  in- 
stitution he  had  been  an  organizer;  vice-president 
Forbes  Manor  Eealty  Co.,  and  connected  with  the 
Macmillan  Publishing  Co.,  New  York  city.'  He  held 
various  public  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
and  had  long  been  a  factor  in  Eepublican  politics, 
and  served  on  the  Eepublican  county  general, 
advisory  and  executive  committees.  He  first  entered 
public  life  in  1905,  when  he  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Eensselaer  county.  He  performed  his  duties 
in  a  manner  that  won  him  hij;h  praise.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  the  county, 
and  was  the  Eepublican  floor  leader  of  that  body. 
He  had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
floor  leaders  that  ever  represented  his  party  on 
the  board.  In  the  face  of  strong  opposition  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  29th  district  in  the 
state  senate  in  1909.  His  work  was  so  effective 
that  in  1911  he  was  returned  to  his  seat  by  a 
flattering  majority.  He  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee oil  canals,  and  vice-president  of  the  joint 
committee  which  investigated  Wall  street  and  gen- 
eral legislative  matters.  By  his  courteous  man- 
ner he  made  himself  popular  alike  among  Demo- 
crats and  Republicans.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  Petersburg.  His  participation  and 
influence  in  the  book  trade  were  continent-wide. 
He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the 
Elks.  He  married  at  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  3, 
1894,  Blanche,  daughter  of  Elon  Percy,  a  grain 
merchant,  of  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  she  survives 
him,  with  three  children:  Percival  M.,  Mary,  and 
Victoria  Allen.  He  died  at  Saranac  Lake,  N  Y. 
Sept.  25,  1916. 

KITTENHOUSE,  Moses  Franklin,  lumber- 
man, was  born  near  St.  Catherine  's,  Ont.,  Aug.  12, 
1846,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Funk)  Eitten- 
house,  and  a  descendant  of  Nicholas  Eittenhouse,  a 
paper  maker  of  Holland  and  of  German-Dutch 
ancestry,  who  at  the  solicitation  of  William  Perm 


JAMES  ALLISON 
MERCHANT 


NORTON  W.  JIPSON 
PHYSICIAN 


VICTOR  M.  ALLEN 
PUBLISHER 


MOSES  F.  RITTENHOUSE 

MERCHANT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


27:5 


came  to  America  iu  lb>2  and  built  a  paper  mill 
at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  about  1090,  manufacturing 
the  first  paper  ever  made  ill  this  country.  During 
his  infancy,  John  Kitteuhouse,  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Upper  Canada. 
Moses  F.  Rittenhouse  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  and  in  1864  went  to  Chicago,  where  he  en- 
gaged iu  the  lumber  business,  with  which  he  was 
connected  until  his  death.  In  lSo'5  he  entered  the 
employ  of  McMulleu,  Funk  &  Co.,  retail  lumber 
dealers,  and  when,  during  the  following  year,  the 
firm  name  was  changed  to  McMullen  &  Officer,  Mr. 
Kitteuhouse  was  promoted  to  the  management  of 
a  branch  yard.  Two  years  later  he  became  book- 
keeper for  the  wholesale  lumber  firm  oi  B.  L. 
Anderson  &  Co.,  and  for  fifteen  years  thereafter, 
18(38-83,  was  associated  with  the  firm  of  J.  Beidler 
tx.  Bro.,  and  its  successor,  the  J.  Beidler  &  Bro. 
Lumber  Co.  Through  intermediate  positions  he 
was  promoted  from  salesman  to  general  manager, 
and  on  the  incorporation  of  the  company  in  1671, 
was  made  its  treasurer.  In  1883  he  became  senior 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Rittenhouse  &  Enibree,  the 
business  being  incorporated  later  under  the  style 
of  Rittenhouse  &  Embree  Co.,  with  Mr.  Ritten- 
huuse  as  president  and  J.  \V.  Embree  as  secretary ; 
liom  the  outset  its  expansion  was  rapid  and  at 
difi'ereut  points  branch  yards  were  established.  The 
company  purchased  1UU,000,UUU  feet  of  standing 
timber  in  Wisconsin  in  1898,  and  during  the  five 
succeeding  years  manufactured  lumber  at  Wash- 
bum.  A  planing  mill  was  erected  in  Chicago  in 
It88  and  the  company  began  the  manufacture  of 
maple  and  oak  flooring.  Mr.  Ritteuhouse  also 
established  a  retail  lumberyard  at  Pueblo,  Col.,  in 
3880,  under  the  name  of  H.  Juneau  &  Co.,  and  in 
18»4  with  J.  R.  Embree,  opened  a  retail  lumberyard 
in  Omaha,  Neb.,  under  the  name  of  Omaha  Lumber 
Co.  At  Warren,  Ark.,  he  established  the  Arkansas 
Lumber  Co.,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
yellow  pine  lumber.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
Chandler  Lumber  Co.  and  of  the  Sixty-third  Street 
Lumber  Co.,  both  of  Chicago,  which  were  later 
absorbed  by  the  Rittenhouse  &  Embree  Co.  He 
w:is  president  of  the  wholesale  hardware  house 
of  George  P  Derickson  Co.  of  Minneapolis;  vice- 
president  of  the  Arkansas  Trading  Co.  of  Warren, 
Ark.,  director  of  the  Richtou  Lumber  Co.  of  Rich- 
ton,  Miss.,  and  stockholder  in  the  Ostrauder  Lum- 
ber Co.  of  Twiu  Falls,  Ida.  For  some  years  he  was 
a  director  of  the  Drovers  Deposit  National  Bank 
of  Uiicago,  and  in  19U1-04  was  treasurer  of  the 
Wisconsin  Oak  Lumber  Co.  of  Chicago  and  Fred- 
eric, Wis.  He  was  president  of  the  Lumbermen's 
Association  of  Chicago  in  1903,  and  for  several 
terms  was  treasurer  and  later  president  of  the 
Maple  Flooring  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Rittenhouse  enjoyed  the  high 
esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  His  habits  were 
simple,  his  manners  aiid  his  instincts  charitable. 
He  established  the  Rittenhouse  Public  Library  for 
the  residents  of  Clinton  and  Louth  townships,  Ont., 
in  1890;  in  1904  erected  and  provided  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  music  hall  in  tn«  neighborhood 
where  he  lived,  and  built  three  miles  of  excellent 
macadam  road  in  Lincoln  county,  Out.  Travel  was 
one  of  his  chief  sources  of'  pleasure;  he  visited 
Egypt,  Palestine  and  Europe,  and  in  1912  made 
a  tour  of  inspection  of  the  Panama  canal  as  a 
member  of  the  party  of  the  Illinois  Manufactur- 
ers' Association.  His  clubs  were:  Union  League, 
Hamilton,  South  Shore  Country,  Chicago  Yacht, 
Bankers'  and  Chicago  Athletic  Association.  He 
was  married  December  17th,  1S71,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  Jonah  Stover,  of  Philadelphia,  I'1  . 


and  their  children  are:  Edward  F.,  Charles  J.  and 
Walter  Ritteuhouse.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111. 
Nov.  7,  1915. 

QUINBY,  Edward  McConahay,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Wooster,  O.,  Feb.  21,  1851,  son  of 
Ephraim  and  Jane  (McConahay)  Quinby.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William 
Quiuby,  a  native  of  Faruham,  Surrey,  who  came 
from  England  in  lb'3S  and  settled  at  Salem,  Mass. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  John,  likewise  a  native  of  England,  and  his 
wife  Deborah  Haight;  their  sou  Josiah  and  his  wife 
Mary  Molyiieux ;  their  son  Ephraim  ami  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Hall  Halladay,  to  their  son  Ephraim 
Quinby  and  his  wife  Anna  Blackrnore,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Edward  M.  Quinby.  Ephraim 
Quinby,  grandfather  of  the  subject,  was  a  native 
of  Warren,  O.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  the 
subject  was  Judge  David  McConahay,  of  Wooster, 
O.  Ephraim  Quinby,  father  of  the  subject  aud 
likewise  a  native  of  Warren,  was  a  banker  and 
had  large  real  estate  holdings  in  Cleveland,  Woos- 
ter, Pittsburgh  and  other  western  cities.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  Wooster  University,  giving 
twenty-five  acres  of  land  on  which  that  institution 
stands,  also  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  to  endow 
the  Greek  chair.  He  established  the  Wayne  Coun- 
ty National  Bank,  Wooster,  which  is  still  in  ex- 
istence. Edward  M.  Quinby  was  his  only  child 
and  was  educated  at  Denison  Universit3r,  Granville, 
O.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years  in  the  dry 
goods  business  at  Wooster,  but  upon  the  death  of 
his  father  he  gave  his  entire  attention  to  the  af- 
fairs connected  with  the  Quinby  estate.  He  de- 
voted his  life  to  the  management  of  the  estate  and 
to  the  education  of  his  children,  being  in  no  way 
a  public  man.  In  1901  he  went  with  his  family 
to  Dresden,  Germany,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  many  clubs,  among 
them  the  Duquesne,  of  Pittsburgh,  and  the  Ameri- 
can Club,  Dresden.  In  association  with  his  fellow 
ini-ii  he  exhibited  those  rare  qualities  of  intel- 
lectual poise,  depth,  generosity  and  tranquillity, 
coupled  with  wide  knowledge  of  people  and  affairs 
which  rendered  his  counsel  so  valuable  and  his 
companionship  so  delightful.  His  genial  friendli- 
ness made  him  a  charming  host  and  entertainer. 
He  was  liberal  in  his  gifts  to  many  a  charity  as 
well  as  to  the  needy  who  came  to  his  notice.  His 
personality  was  unique,  lovable,  and  altogether 
charming.  Kindness  and  friendship  such  as  his 
life  exemplified  could  not  further  go.  He  was 
critical,  yet  just;  fearless,  yet  considerate  of 
others;  honest  to  a  fault,  and  to  a  degree  nowa- 
days unusual,  an  accomplished  and  cultivated  gen- 
tleman. He  was  married  Oct.  17,  1878,  to  Amelia, 
daughter  of  William  E.  Sehmertz,  a  wholesale 
merchant,  of  Pittsburgh;  she  survives  him,  with 
ciulit  children:  Catherine  Louise,  who  man 

-  Sturges,  of  Zanesville,  O.,  and  later  Walter 
V.  H.  Black,  of  Zanesville,  O. ;  Eleanor.  wh.>  mar- 
vie. 1  Roger  W.  Whinfield,  of  Fond  du  La.-,  Wis., 
and  later  Thomas  O.  Cowdrey,  of  Pitt-burgh; 
Edward  McC.,  of  Wooster;  Margaret,  who  mar 
ried  Stanhope  S.  Goddard,  Pittsburgh;  William 
E.,  Harvard  College,  '14,  of  Philadelphia;  Ken- 
neth M.;  Donald,  Washington-.)  effeisnii,  1!H7; 
and  Anita,  lie  died  at  Dresden,  Germany,  July 
6,  1909. 

HILI/,  Arthur  Asa,  journalist,  was  born  in 
Greenwich,  Mass.,  Oct.  3,  1853,  MHI  of  Alfred  and 
Phffibe  (Emerson)  Hill.  On  the  maternal  side 
he  was  second  cousin  to  Ralph  WaJdo  Kmerson. 
Arthur  A.  Hill  was  educated  in  the  public-  and  high 
eenwich  and  l.csran  his  career  in  the 


274 


THE     NATIONAL.     CYCLOPEDIA 


office  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  "  Eepublican. " 
Later,  he  went  to  New  York  city  and  was  em- 
ployed for  a  time  iii  Whitehorne  's  publishing  and 
printing  house,  but  subsequently  entered  Oberlin 
College,  O.,  where  he  remained  long  enough  to 
obtain  a  smattering  of  the  classics,  paying  his 
way  by  work  in  the  local  printing  office.  Other 
changes  followed,  wherein  ho  became  a  reporter 
for  the  "Cincinnati  Gazette,"  a  compositor  on  the 
"Chicago  Times,"  and  for  a  year  a  reporter  and 
city  editor  of  the  Toledo  (O.)  "Democrat  and 
Herald."  Drifting  back  to  New  York  city,  he 
became  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  New 
York  Press  Club,  was  a  partner  in  establishing 
two  papers — one,  a  weekly,  called  ' '  The  Lantern, ' ' 
and  the  other  a  daily  called  ' '  The  Morning  Tele- 
graph. ' '  Both  papers  were  started  without  capital, 
however,  and  soon  came  to  an  end.  In  1SS1  he 
purchased,  with  a  partner,  the  ' '  Haverhill  Evening 
Gazette, ' '  published  at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  giving  to 
that  publication  a  degree  of  influence  which  it  had 
not  previously  enjoyed,  the  paper's  circulation  in- 
creasing fivefold.  He  continued  as  editor  of  the 
Gazette  until  it  was  purchased,  in  1889,  by  the 
Haverhill  Gazette  Co.  After  disposing  of  his  in- 
terests in  the  Gazette  Mr.  Hill  went  to  Europe. 
He  returned  the  following  year  and  established 
a  daily  paper  in  Baltimore, '  but  got  into  a  con- 
troversy with  the  labor  organizations  of  the  city, 
because  he  used  plate  matter,  though  set  up  by 
union  printers  in  the  American  Press  Association, 
and  sooner  than  capitulate  he  sold  out.  For  two 
years  he  edited  Drake's  Magazine  and  the  New 
York  Despatch.  In  1892  he  went  to  New  York 
and  became  managing  editor  of  the  American  Press 
Association,  leaving  that  organization  to  make  a 
trip  to  the  Klondike  gold  regions.  On  his  return 
from  the  Klondike  he  went  to  Porto  Rico,  sending 
thence  articles  to  a  newpaper  syndicate,  and  on 
his  return  to  this  country  he  secured  an  interest 
in  the  "North  Adams  Evening  Herald,"  but  later 
lost  his  interest.  He  then  became  editor  of  the 
"Blacksmith  and  Wheelwright, "  the  "Amateur 
Sportsman,"  and  in  1906  of  the  "Automobile 
Dealer  and  Repairer,"  retaining  this  position  until 
the  close  of  his  life.  Mr.  Hill  was  the  author  of 
a  novel  entitled  "What's  He  to  Me?"  (1914). 
While  in  Haverhill  he  served  on  the  school  board. 
He  was  a  forcible  writer.  A  rare  vein  of  wit 
and  humor,  which  fairly  sparkled  at  times,  revealed 
itself  in  his  conversation  and  writings.  In  his 
early  days  he  perfected  several  inventions  having 
to  do  with  the  printer 's  trade,  including  a  com- 
posing stick,  a  press  feeder,  a  time  device  for 
lighting  linotype  machines,  and  also  other  mechani- 
cal devices,  including  a  hose  coupler,  an  anti-slip- 
ping  device  for  horses,  ami  a  bread  toaster.  A 
wide  reader,  he  possessed  the  faculty  of  retaining 
much  that  he  read.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Dickens  Fellowship  Society  and  had  served  as 
its  president.  He  was  married,  Apr.  4,  1895,  to 
Blanche,  daughter  of  Samuel  B.  Nichols  of  Brook- 
lyn, New  York;  there  are  no  children.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  Sept.  13,  1917. 

WRIGHT,  Thomas  Houard,  insurance  execu- 
tive, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Mar.  24,  1860, 
son  of  Thomas  Cole  and  Emma  (Stellwagen) 
Wright.  His  father  was  a  merchant.  T.  Houard 
Wright  nveived  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city.  At  fourteen  he  began  his  wage- 
earning  career  as  office  boy  in  the  service  of  the 
American  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  Philadelphia,  be- 
coming its  assistant  bookkeeper  in  ]SSO.  In  1881 
he  entered  the  home  office  of  the  Insurance  Co.  of 
North  America,  Philadelphia,  commencing  with  it 


as  a  stenographer.  In  1S89  he  was  made  marine 
clerk  and  in  1893  marine  secretary — serving  also 
as  a  marine  insurance  adjuster  during  this  period 
of  his  career.  He  was  appointed  assistant  secre- 
tary of  the  company  in  1901,  and  in  1908  was 
elected  secretary.  He  had  been  both  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  company  from  1912.  He  was 
also  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Alliance  In- 
surance Co.  of  Philadelphia  and  secretary  of  the 
Delaware  County  Building  it  Loan  Associa- 
tion, Lausdowne,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
City  Club,  Philadelphia.  From  1895  he  resided 
at  Lausdowne.  He  was  a  tireless  worker  in  church 
activities.  For  years  he  was  secretary  of  the  Sun- 
day school  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
Lansdowne,  and  for  some  time  he  was  superinten- 
dent of  the  Sunday  school  of  Anderson  Presby- 
terian Church,  Upper  Darby.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Prohibition  party.  He  was  an 
enthusiastic  spectator  at  many  a  local  baseball 
game,  but  found  his  greatest  enjoyment  in  his 
yearly  trip  to  the  tropics.  He  was  an  underwriter 
of  exceptional  executive  ability,  and  one  who  never 
faltered  when  facing  big  problems  and  peculiar 
difficulties.  He  was  married  at  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  Pa.,  Sept.  10,  1S89,  to  Edith  Davis,  daughter 
of  Benjamin  Franklin  Brodhead,  a  merchant  of 
Delaware  Water  Gap;  she  survives  him,  with  seven 
children:  Paul  S.,  a  private  with  the  American 
military  forces  in  Europe;  Thomas  C.,  lieutenant, 
U.  S.  A.,  with  U.  S.  Army  in  France;  Franklin  B., 
volunteered  in  U.  S.  A.,  Havilaml  I1.  S.  Military 
Academy;  William  S. ;  Emily,  who  married  Frank 
Crall,  and  Isabelle  Wright.  He  died  at  Lansdowne, 
Pa.,  July  Hi,  1918. 

CTJFFMAN,  John  Henry,  physician,  surgeon 
and  banker,  was  born  near  Gallatin,  Sumner  co., 
Tenn.,  Sept.  13,  1863,  son  of  Josephus  and  Mary 
E.  (Carroll)  Cuff  man.  He  attended  the  schools 
of  his  native  county  and  Hickory  Flat  Institute, 
Ky.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  T.  P.  Crutcher,  Nashville,  Tenn., 
and  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  medicine 
of  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville,  in  1889, 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.  He  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Dalark,  Ark.,  but  in  1898 
settled  in  Gurdon,  Ark.,  which  became  his  per- 
manent home.  After  1901  he  was  a  local  surgeon 
for  the  Iron  Mountain  Railroad.  Aside  from  his 
professional  activities  he  was  interested  in  various 
lines  of  commercial,  industrial  and  financial  en- 
deavor; became  president  of  the  Clark  County 
Bank  in  1910,  and  was  owner  of  valuable  farm 
lands  in  the  rich  agricultural  section  of  Arkansas. 
He  also  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty,  and 
from  time  to  time  held  various  posts  of  trust  and 
responsibility.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  Arkansas  State  Medical 
Society,  and  the  Clark  County  Medical  Society. 
Dr.  Cuffman  was  the  embodiment  of  personal  and 
professional  integrity;  a  man  of  unfailing  courtesy 
and  consideration  for  others,  untiring  industry 
alike  in  practice  and  in  business,  and  high-minded 
reserve.  He  was  married,  June  28,  1900,  to  Mary 
E.,  daughter  of  A.  W.  Littlejohn,  a  planter,  of 
Dalark,  Ark.;  and  left  four  children:  Marion, 
Maurine,  Carroll  and  Mildred.  He  died  at  Gurdon, 
Ark.,  Mar.  18,  1917. 

BROWN,  William  Cyril,  banker,  was  born  at 
Utica,  O.,  Apr.  6,  1842,  son  of  James  Cyril  and 
Ann  Deborah  (Day)  Brown.  His  father  was  a  suc- 
cessful physician  and  banker,  and  was  also  a  practi- 
cal philanthropist,  The  first  of  the  family  in  America 
was  John  Brown,  a  native  of  Kent  county,  Eng- 
land, who  came  to  this  country  about  1620  and 


ARTHUR  A.  HILL 
JOURNALIST 


THOMAS  H.  WRIGHT 
INSURANCE 


•', 


'• 


r 


JOHN  H.  CUFFMAX 
PHYSICIAN 


WILLIAM   C.  BROWN 
BANKER 


OP     AMEEICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


275 


settled  at  Plymouth  and  Swansea,  and  subsequently 
at  Duxbury  aud  Taunton,  Mass.;  he  served  as 
governor 's  assistant  in  1636,  1638  and  1655,  and 
commissioner  to  the  United  Colonies  from  Plym- 
outh in  1644-45;  from  him  and  his  wife,  Doro- 
thy, the  descent  is  traced  through  their  son,  James, 
and  his  wife,  Lydia  Howland ;  their  son,  James, 
and  his  wife,  Margaret  Denison;  their  son,  John, 
and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Hunt ;  their  son,  James, 
and  his  wife,  Rebecca  Perry;  their  son,  Cyril,  and 
his  wife,  Mary  Allen;  and  their  son,  Micah,  and 
his  wife,  Phebe  Merriam,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  James 
Brown  (2)  was  dej  ity  for  Rehoboth  and  Plym- 
outh colony  in  1G66,  and  for  Swansea  and  Plym- 
outh colony  in  1069-71-72;  governor's  assistant, 
1665-66-73-83;  was  lieutenant  and  major  in  King 
Phillip's  war,  and  was  sent  as  messenger  to  nego- 
tiate peace.  Micah  Brown  (7)  served  as  captain 
in  the  1st  (Martiudale's)  regiment,  Vermont  mili- 
tia, in  the  war  of  1812,  and  James  Cyril,  his  son, 
a  lad  of  ten  years,  also  served  in  this  war,  for 
which  his  widow  received  a  pension.  A  notable 
fact  regarding  the  ancestry  of  our  subject  was, 
that  his  progenitors  in  every  branch  were  Am- 
ericans of  long  standing,  coming  originally  from 
England.  William  Cyril  Brown  was  educated  at 
an  academy  in  Davenport,  la.,  and  at  Illinois  Col- 
lege, Jacksonville,  bein^  editor  also,  at  the  age 
of  eighteen,  of  the  "Jacksonville  Journal,"  and 
closely  associated  with  the  older  Gov.  Yates.  The 
civil  war  interfered  with  the  completion  of  his 
college  course,  and  he  went  to  the  front  as  a  war 
correspondent,  but  was  forced,  by  illness,  to  re- 
linquish this  work."  He  began  his  business  career 
as  assistant  to  his  brother,  who  was  agent  at  the 
Illinois  Central  station  at  La  Snlle,  111.,  where  the 
family  had  been  located  since  1851.  In  1863  he  be- 
came chief  bookkeeper  for  James  Cowey,  coal  opera- 
tor, and  later  served  as  superintendent  of  all  the 
mines  in  La  Salle,  continuing  thus  until  1869,  when 
he  accepted  the  office  of  auditor  and  assistant  treas- 
urer of  the  new  Burlington  &  Missouri  Railroad, 
now  a  part  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiucy 
system.  In  1S74  he  returned  to  La  Salle  to  engage 
in  the  banking  business  with  his  father  and 
brothers.  Six  years  later  he  entered  the  manu- 
facturing business,  purchasing  a  partnership  in 
the  Collins  Plow  Works  of  Quincy,  111.  Here  he 
met  with  a  severe  accident,  permanently  injuring 
both  arms,  and  afterwards  returned  to  La  Salle,  to 
organize  a  new  bank,  in  association  with  his 
brothers,  in  1882.  During  1884-95  he  served  as 
head  of  the  sales  department  of  the  Matthiesseu 
&  Hegeler  Zinc  Works  at  La  Salle,  handling  mil- 
lions of  dollars  and  never  losing  one  cent  for  the 
company.  In  1899  he  moved  to  Chicago,  and 
thereafter  lived  in  retirement.  While  in  college  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Beta  Theta  Pi  and  Sigma  Pi 
fraternities.  In  1906  he  was  president  of  the 
Hamilton  Park  Improvement  Association — the  sec- 
tion in  which  he  resided  during  the  last  sixteen 
years  of  his  life.  He  was  married,  Oct.  22,  1S68, 
to  Margaret  Jane,  daughter  of  James  Cowey,  coal 
operator,  of  La  Salle,  111. ;  the  children  of  this 
union  are:  James  Cyril,  insurance  lawyer,  Chi- 
cago; Margaret  and  Mabel,  teachers,  Chicago;  and 
William  Cowey  Brown,  office  and  sales  manager 
of  the  Morse  Candy  Co.,  Columbus,  0.  Mr.  Brown 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  12,  1917. 

SHEWAN,  James,  shipbuilder,  was  born  at 
Rora,  near  Peterhead,  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland, 
Jan.  6,  1848,  son  of  James  and  Ann  (Robertson) 
Shewan,  both  natives  of  Scotland.  The  loss  of 
his  father  when  he  was  but  four  years  old,  necessi- 


tated his  facing  the  world  at  an  early  age.  In 
1S62  he  became  apprenticed  to  a  ship  's  carpenter, 
meanwhile  studying  diligently  at  night  school! 
While  still  in  his  'teens  he  made  a  voyage  to 
Greenland  in  a  ship  that  was  locked  in  the  ice  in 
Baffins  Bay  for  three  and  a  half  months.  Upon 
his  return  home  he  again  went  to  sea  with  his 
uncle,  who  commanded  the  Doon  of  Ayr,  voyaging 
from  London  to  Singapore,  and  for  four  years  the 
ship  remained  in  the  tea  trade  between  China  and 
Japan  to  Australia.  In  1869  he  arrived  in  >v',-w 
York  from  Yokohama,  and  the  following  year 
was  sent  to  superintend  the  construction  of  several 
vessels  being  built  on  the  North  river.  In  1S71 
he  established  himself  in  the  ship  repairing  busi- 
ness, beginning  with  one  drydoek.  A  few  years 
later  he  became  involved  in  a  long  and  ex- 
pensive litigation  with  the  state  of  New  York,  over 
the  arbitrary  rights  assumed  by  the  state  harbor 
masters,  and,  while  he  lost  his  suit  on  technicalities 
of  the  law,  it  resulted  in  the  limitation  of  the  au- 
thority of  harbor  masters,  and  a  final  complete  re- 
construction, placing  these  appointments  under 
civic  instead  of  state  government.  He  then  went 
to  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  where  he  built  and  operated 
the  sectional  dry-dock,  still  there.  Returning  to 
New  York  he  established  the  firm  of  Shewan  & 
1 'aimer,  which,  after  the  death  of  the  latter,  be- 
came Shewan  &  Jenkins.  In  1877,  upon  the  re- 
tirement of  Mr.  Jenkins,  he  continued  the  busi- 
ness alone  until  the  '9U 's,  when  his  son  J:nnes 
entered  the  firm,  and  later  his  son  Kdwin  also 
became  a  member.  Under  the  name  of  James  She- 
wan  &  Sons,  the  firm  became  known  throughout  the 
world  as  One  of  the  most  important  of  its  kind  on 
this  continent.  At  the  time  of  his  death  the  firm 
owned  seven  dry-docks,  one  of  these  being  the  1-,- 
000  ton  Spanish  drydoek,  towed  from  England  to 
Havana,  and  captured  as  a  prize  of  war  by  the 
United  States  from  Spain,  later  stationed  at  Pen- 
sacola,  at  which  place  it  was  purchased  by  the 
Shewan  firm  and  brought  to  New  York.  For  a 
number  of  years  prior  to  his  death,  Mr.  Shewan 
had  been  in  failing  health,  and  the  management 
of  the  business  was  left  entirely  to  his  two  sons, 
and  owing  to  the  able  guidance  of  their  father 
they  were  successful  in  mastering  every  detail  of 
the  business.  He  had  many  sterling  qualities,  and 
always  took  a  friendly  interest  in  the  army  of 
workmen  he  employed.  He  was  a  great  lover  of 
outdoor  sports  and  spent  his  leisure  moments  on 
the  private  golf  course  attached  to  his  country 
home,  Inverugie,  Cold-Spring-on-the-IIudson.  Ever 
a  great  student  and  traveler,  he  was  known  to  his 
associates  as  a  man  well  versed  on  all  questions  of 
history  and  economics.  He  was  a  successful  man 
of  affairs  and  had  a  reputation  throughout  his 
life  of  exceptional  integrity  and  honesty.  He  was 
married  July  20,  1870,  to  Ellen,  daughter  of 
Richard  Curley,  an  officer  in  the  English  army, 
and  they  had  five  children:  James,  Edwin,  Ellen, 
Agnes  and  Ada  Shewan.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  May  7,  1914. 

PRATT,  Charles  C,  philanthropist  and  states- 
man, was  born  at  New  Milford,  Pa.,  Apr.  23,  1-.";  t, 
son  of  Ezra  Augusta  aud  Mary  ( Fink)  Pratt.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William 
Pratt,  son  of  Rev.  William,  and  grandson  of 
Thomas.  He  came  from  Hertfordshire,  England, 
about  1632,  locating  first  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  In 
1636  he  joined  Hooker's  company  in  the  settlement 
of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  about  1645  removed  to 
Saybrook,  Conn.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Clark, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  tracer]  through 
their  son,  ('apt.  William  and  his  wife,  Hannah 


27fi 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Kirtland ;  their  son,  Benjamin,  and  his  wife,  Anna 
Bates;  their  son,  Zephaniah,  and  his  wife,  Abigail; 
their  son,  Zadock,  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Pickett; 
their  son,  Col.  Zadock,  and  his  son,  Ezra,  and  his 
wife,  Hannah  Dickerman,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Charles  C.  Pratt.  In  1661  William 
Pratt,  founder  of  the  American  branch  of  the 
family,  was  established  lieutenant  of  the  Say- 
brook  band,  having  distinguished  himself  in  Indian 
righting.  He  took  part  in  the  destruction  of  the 
Pequot  Indian  fort  at  Mystic,  and  in  other  battles 
which  entirely  broke  the  power  of  the  tribe.  For 
thirteen  years  he  represented  Saybrook  in  the  gen- 
eral assembly,  and  his  industry  brought  consider- 
able landed  property  to  the  family.  He  held  the 
military  title  of  lieutenant.  Zadook  Pratt  (V)  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  British  at  the  battle  of 
Long  Island.  In  17S3  he  removed  to  New  York 
state,  and  finally  settled  at  Windham  (now 
Jewett),  Greene  county.  Col.  Zadock  Pratt  (VI) 
was  the  founder  of  Prattsville,  N.  Y.  He  sat  for 
five  sessions  in  congress,  and  owned  the  largest 
tannery  in  the  county.  With  his  brother,  Ogden, 
Ezra  Augustus  Pratt,  father  of  the  subject,  estab- 
lished the  New  Milford  (Pa.)  tannery.  It  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  It  was  rebuilt,  and  in  1855, 
it  had  a  capacity  of  30,000  hides  a  year;  in  that 
year  they  established  a  second  tannery  at  Nichol- 
son, Pa.,  acquiring  a  large  fortune.  Charles  C. 
Pratt  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  New  Milford,  subsequently  be- 
coming a  student  at  Pennsylvania  State  Normal 
School,  Bloomsburg,  and  at  a  private  school  at 
Great  Barrington,  Mass.  He  then  entered  the 
printing  business,  and  later  clerked  in  grocery 
stores  at  Herrick  Centre  and  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. 
At  eighteen  he  entered  the  service  of  Whitney, 
Pratt  &  Co.,  as  bookkeeper,  later  becoming  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  He  gave  much  of  his  time  and 
attention  to  civic  affairs  and  to  local  politics.  At 
New  Milford  he  filled  the  positions  of  burgess, 
assessor,  school  director,  and  justice  of  the  peace. 
He  served  as  colonel  on  the  staffs  of  Govs.  Stone, 
Pennypacker  and  Tener.  In  1008  he  was  elected 
to  the  national  house  of  representatives  from  the 
14th  congressional  district,  serving  on  the  com- 
mittees of  agriculture,  expenditures,  and  commerce 
and  labor.  He  was  a  Eepublican  of  strong  convic- 
tions. He  built  and  maintained  the  Pratt  library, 
New  Milford,  as  a  memorial  to  his  parents.  His 
father  bought  the  books  and  furnished  the  build- 
ing for  the  first  public  library  at  New  Milford, 
and  also  gave  New  Milford  its  town  hall.  He  was 
a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  New 
Milford.  He  married  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
15,  1878,  Lillie  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  A.  Goff, 
a  shoe  merchant,  of  Biughamton;  she  died  in  1910. 
He  died  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  27,  1916. 
There  are  four  surviving  children:  Harriet  Louise 
(1879)  ;  Ray  G.  (1S83),  of  the  Pratt  Lumber  Co., 
Bingliamtou,  N.  Y. ;  Grace  Isabelle  (1887)  and 
Helen  Lee  Pratt  (1897). 

BABCOCK,  George  Henry,  manufacturer  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  25, 
1852,  son  of  Henry  H.  and  Eliza  (Wheeler)  Bab- 
cock.  His  father,  a  manufacturer,  was  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Northern  New  York  Utilities  Corpora- 
tion. George  Henry  Babcock  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Watertown,  and  at 
eighteen  began  a  business  career  as  elerk  in  the 
private  bank  of  Wooster  Sherman,  in  which  posi- 
tion he  continued  two  years.  In  1S71  he  was 
taken  into  his  father's  business,  then  known  as 
H.  H.  Babcock  &  Sons,  manufacturers  of  pumps. 


In  1882  a  corporation  was  formed,  known  as  the 
H.  H.  Babcock  Co.,  consisting  of  H.  H.  Babcock 
and  his  three  sons,  Herbert  P.,  George  H.,  and 
Fred  W.  Babcock,  capitalized  at  $100,000,  and 
the  manufacture  of  carriages  was  started.  Since 
that  time  the  concern  has  been  one  of  the  leading 
manufacturing  industries  of  Watertown,  and  the 
fame  of  the  Babcock  carriages  has  become  nation- 
wide. George  Henry  Babcock  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  corporation,  and  in  1903,  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  became  president.  He  was  an 
organizer  of  the  Watertown  Savings  Bank,  and 
was  first  vice-president  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  acting  head  of  the  institution.  He  was  a  di- 
rector in  the  Jefferson  County  National  and  the 
Watertown  National  Banks,  and  was  an  organizer 
and  initial  trustee  of  the  Watertown  Savings, 
Building  &  Loan  Association.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  City  Hospital,  of  which  he  was  a 
founder,  and  a  trustee  of  Flower  Memorial  Hos- 
pital. He  was  president  of  the  old  Union  Club, 
and  was  a  governor  of  the  Jefferson  County  Golf 
and  the  Black  River  Valley  Clubs,  Watertown.  He 
was  senior  warden  of  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
party.  He  was  married  at  St.  Albnns,  Vt.,  Oct. 
14,  1874,  to  Alice  L.,  daughter  of  Levi  Webster,  a 
merchant,  of  St.  Albans.  He  died  at  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  19,  1916. 

BECK,  Emil  George,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
Bohemia,  Mar.  26,  1866,  son  of  Ignatz  and  Eliza- 
beth (Pollock)  Beck,  and  of  ancient  Spanish  de- 
scent. He  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  Imperial  Gymnasium,  Prague,  and  was  a  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  Prague  during  1878-83. 
He  came  to  America  in  1886  and  for  a  time  was 
engaged  in  commercial  bookkeeping.  He  then 
took  up  the  study  of  medicine  and  was  graduated 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Chi- 
cago, in  1896,  with  the  degree  M.D.,  subsequently 
taking  post-graduate  work  at  the  University  of 
Zurich.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Chicago  in  1896.  He  was  one  of  the  founders, 
in  1906,  and  builder  of  the  North  Chicago  Hos- 
pital; personally  conducted  the  institution  for 
twelve  years,  and  is  now  surgeon  to  the  hospital 
and  treasurer  of  the  corporation.  In  1908  he  in- 
troduced into  surgery  a  method  known  as  the  Bis- 
muth Paste  treatment  of  chronic  suppurations. 
This  method  has  become  widely  known  and  is  now 
extensively  employed  in  war  hospitals  in  Europe. 
He  is  author  of  ' '  Bismuth  Paste  Treatment  in 
Chronic  Supperations"  (Mosley  &  Co.,  St.  Louis, 
1908);  "Bismuth  Paste  Treatment  of  Chronic 
Suppurations,"  Stereo  Clinic-Section,  XV  (South- 
worth  Co.,  1908);  "Localization  of  Foreign 
Bodies,  Stereo  Clinic-Section,  I  and  II,  2  vols., 
(Southworth  &  Co.,  191fi),  and  "Fistelgange  und 
Abscesshoehlen  "  (brochures,  Tubingen,  Germany, 
1909).  His  "Localization  of  Foreign  Bodies" 
has  been  adopted  by  most  roentgenologists  and 
war  surgeons.  He  is  a  fellow,  American  College 
of  Surgeons,  and  a  member  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, American  Roentgen  Society,  Western 
Surgery  Association,  Illinois  State  Medical  Society, 
Chicago  Surgical  Society,  Chicago  Medical  Society. 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  the  City  Club,  Chicago.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf.  He  was 
married,  June  28,  1897,  to  Clara,  daughter  of 
Babett  Hyde,  a  resident  of  Chicago ;  they  have  one 
child:  Elizabeth  Beck  (1898),  Vassar  College, 
1920. 

BABBETT,  Isaac  Baker,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5,  1849,  son  of  Wyman  B. 


CHARLES  C.  PRATT 
CONGRESSMAN 


GEORGE  H.  BABCOCK 
MANUFACTURER 


EMIL  G.  BECK 
SURGEON 


ISAAC  B.  BARKKTT 
JURIST 


RANDALL  COMFORT 

1. \\YYKR  AND  HISTORICAL  AUTIIOK 


FLORENCE  HI'S'  >N 
PHYSICIAN 


JAMES  B.  HARPER 
LAWYER 


THOMAS  I.  DENT 

LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


and  Phebe  M.  (Baker)  Barrett,  and  on  both  sides 
descended  from  colonial  New  England  Quaker 
stock.  His  father  was  a  merchant  on  what  was 
known  as  the  Old  Pier,  Albany.  Isaac  B.  Barrett 
was  graduated  at  the  school  of  arts  of  Columbia 
University  in  1S70  with  the  degree  A.B.,  receiving 
the  degree  A.M.  from  that  institution  in  1S73. 
His  classmates  included  Seth  Low  (i/.r.),  and 
many  other  men  of  prominence.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Albany  Law  School  in  1873  with  the  de- 
gree LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Xew  York,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
pmfession  at  Albany.  For  years  he  was  the  l'i\v 
partner  of  John  C.  Nott,  under  the  firm  style  of 
Nott  &  Barrett.  In  1S79  he  was  nominated  for 
city  court  judge,  but  met  with  the  same  defeat 
that  was  the  lot  of  all  Republican  nominees  of 
that  period.  In  1014  Mayor  Stevens  appointed 
him  to  the  city  court  bench,  in  which  capacity  he 
rniitimied  until  his  death,  and  he  frequently  acted 
as  police  court  judge.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
commission  for  condemning  property  for  the  widen- 
ing of  Broadway  and  State  street,  acquisition  of 
the  pier  property,  and  the  improvement  of  the 
river  front.  For  years  he  acted  as  attorney  for 
the  county  treasurer  in  the  collection  of  unpaid 
personal  taxes.  He  was  a  member  of  various  law 
associations;  a  32d  degree  Mason;  past  grand 
of  his  lodge  and  past  patriarch  of  the  encampment, 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  past  district 
deputy  Knights  of  Pythias;  past  grand  master 
workman  Ancient  Order  United  Workmen;  charter 
member  of  Phi  Gamma  Delta  fraternity,  and 
member  also  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  society.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  among  his  books,  and  spent 
much  of  his  spare  time  in  his  library.  He  was  an 
able,  fearless,  honorable,  upright  judge,  and  a  re- 
sourceful attorney,  and  loyal  representative  of  the 
people.  He  was  married  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Mar. 
1,  1SS8,  to  Fanny  T.,  daughter  of  William  George 
Reed,  a  builder,  of  Albany;  she  survives  him,  with 
three  children:  Phebe,  now  Mrs.  William  !'.  Hunt, 
New  York  city;  Dorothy,  and  Euth.  He  died  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.",  Nov.  4,  1916. 

COMFORT,  Randall,  lawyer  and  historical 
author,  was  born  Apr.  27,  1S71,  son  of  John  E. 
(q.v.)  and  Lucy  Randall  Comfort  (q.v.).  He  was 
educated  under  private  tutors,  at  Columbia 
Grammar  School,  and  in  1892  was  graduated  with 
honors  from  Columbia  College.  After  making  a 
tour  of  Europe,  he  entered  the  New  York  Law 
School,  from  which,  three  years  later,  he  was  grad- 
uated and  admitted  to  the  New  York  Bar.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  professional  duties,  he  has  been  ar- 
dently devoted  to  literature,  making  a  specialty  of 
examining  and  photographing  historical  docu- 
ments, finding  the  upper  part  of  Manhattan  Island 
and  the  more  extended  region  of  the  Bronx  abun- 
dant in  relies  of  the  past.  He  has  given  a  part  of 
his  leisure  to  a  careful  exploration  of  the  many 
antiquities  found  in  these  parts  and  has  contrived 
to  interest  his  fellow  citizens  as  they  have  never 
before  been  interested  in  this,  one  of  his  favorite 
pursuits,  showing  to  them  that  they  had  in  their 
midst  numerous  important  evidences  of  ante-revo- 
lutionary days,  which  might  otherwise  have  been 
lost  to  the  present  age.  In  the  Bronx  he  dis- 
covered old  Indian  caves  and  fortifications.  While 
not  forgetting  the  manor  houses  of  the  Morris  and 
Van  Cortlandt  families,  he  has  sought  to  bring 
into  prominence  the  earlier  homes  and  haunts  of 
Bronck  and  his  fellow  burghers,  the  first  settlers 
of  the  wild  forest  north  of  the  Harlem  river.  He 
has  made  the  territory  of  northern  Manhattan  and 
the  Bronx  historical.  Among  the  works  of  Mr. 


Comfort  are  "The  History  of  Bronx  Borough," 
(190(1),  "Bronx  Section,  Historical  Guide  to  the 
City  of  New  York."  He  has  also  contributed  to 
magazines.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  married,  Aug.  24,  1918,  to  Anna 
Pauline,  daughter  of  John  Albertis,  of  Orange, 
N.  J.,  a  member  of  an  old  American  family  of 
Italian  descent.  His  home  is  at  "Everbreeze"  in 
the  Westchester  hills. 

HUSON,  Florence,  physician,  was  born  in 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich,  June  17,  1857,  daughter  of  Capt. 
Frederick  C.  ami  Mary  L.  (Bradley)  Huson.  Her 
father,  an  officer  in  the  British  army,  was  station'ed 
for  several  years  in  India;  he  came  to  America  in 
1859  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Ann  Arbor.  Flor- 
ence Huson  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  an  1 
the  University  of  Michigan  College  of  Medicine, 
being  graduated  M.D.  at  the  latter  in  1885.  After 
a  period  in  the  Massachusetts  Hospital,  Boston,  she 
became  the  assistant  of  Dr.  Donald  Mclean,  her 
preceptor  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  who  had 
noticed  her  self-possession,  medical  skill  and  sym- 
pathy as  a  student.  She  assisted  Dr.  McLean 
in  some  of  his  notable  surgical  cases;  and  when 
Dr.  Mclean  resigned  his  chair  in  1889,  she  opened 
an  ollice  in  Detroit,  specializing  in  surgery  and 
obstetrics.  She  soon  acquired  an  extensive  prac- 
tice among  the  best  families  of  that  city,  and  was 
frequently  called  into  consultation.  For  twenty- 
five  years  she  devoted  her  life  to  the  alleviation 
of  human  sufferings  and  became  prominently  iden- 
tified with  Detroit 's  principal  philanthropies.  She 
was  the  founder  and  first  president  of  the  Free 
Dispensary  for  Women  and  Children  in  1893,  and 
for  two  days  each  week  ministered  to  hundreds 
of  unfortunate  young  girls  and  women.  She  was 
vice  chief  of  staff  of  the  Woman's  Hospital;  a 
director  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, the  Young  Women's  Home,  Priscilla  Inn,  and 
St.  Agnes  Home;  vice-president  of  the  Girls'  Pro- 
tective League;  the  founder  and  first  president  of 
the  Blackwell  Medical  Society  for  Women  Physi- 
cians, and  vice-president  of  the  Michigan  Medical 
Society.  Her  interest  in  her  alma  mater  never 
waned,  resulting  in  the  organization  of  the  Detroit 
Association  of  University  of  Michigan  Women, 
and  the  Women's  College  Club,  of  which  she  was 
a  charter  member  and  third  president.  In  her  will 
she  left  the  modest  earnings  of  her  profession  to 
continue  the  good  work  that  she  began.  She  died 
in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Aug.  12,  1915. 

HARPER,  James  Byall,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Aboite  township,  Allen  eo.,  Ind.,  Nov.  21,  1848, 
son  of  John  and  Eliza  (Byall)  Harper.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  a  pioneer 
farmer  of  Allen  countr.  James  B.  Harper  received 
his  education  in  district  schools;  at  Roanoke 
(Ind.)  Seminary,  in  Huntington  county,  and  at 
Methodist  Episcopal  College,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
From  the  latter  institution,  when  it  became  Taylor 
University,  at  Upland,  Ind.,  he  received  the  de- 
gree A.M.  He  was  graduated  as  valedictorian  at 
the  college  of  law  of  Indiana  University  in  1875 
with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Indiana  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Fort  Wayne,  forming  a 
partnership  with  David  W.  Baird,  as  Harper  S 
Baird.  Shortly  thereafter  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment as  commissioner  for  the  U.  S.  circuit  court, 
which  commission  he  held  for  twelve  years.  His 
next  partnership  was  with  Col.  Robt.  S.  Robertson, 
the  firm  of  Robertson  &  Harper  continuing  until 
1885.  He  was  then  in  independent  practice  until 
1903,  when  he  formed  the  firm  of  Harper  &  Egge- 
man,  with  John  W.  Eggeman,  and  later  was  of 


278 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


the  firm  of  Harper  &  Fuelber,  with  Otto  E.  Fuel-  of  Master  in  Chancery,  in  Putnam  county.  He 
ber  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  U.  S.  also  prepared  tract  and  alphabetical  indices  to  the 
district  and  circuit  courts  in  1880,  and  in  the  land  records  of  the  county,  and  made  up  records 


,vas  a   33d  decree   Mason.     Politically,  he  was  a  1879   was   Republican   nominee   for  judge   of   the 

Republican    and  in  1894  was  candidate  for  judge  supreme  court   of   Illinois,   in  the   7th   district  in 

of   the   circuit    court   on   that   ticket.     He   was   a  Illinois.     He  is  past  president  and  necrologist  of 

member  of  the  board  01  directors  of  the  Church  of  the  Illinois  State  Bar  Association;  past  president 

Christ  Scientist,  Fort  Vavne,  and  held  member-  and  honorary  member  of  the  Chicago  Bar  Associa- 

«hip  also  in  the  Mother  Church,  Boston.    He  found  tion,  the  Chicago  Law  Institute  and  the  Chicago 

his  chief  recreation  in  reading.     He  was  married  Historical  Society;   honorary  member  of  the  Chi- 

at  Fort  Wavne,  Ind.,  Jan..  27,  1SS7,  to  Mary  E.,  eago   Literary  Club,  and   a   member   ot   the   Am- 

daughter   of   Dr.   Benjamin  C.  Rowan,  a  pioneer  encan  Bar  Association  and  of  the  Union  League 

phvfician  of  Fort  Wayne;   she  survives  him,  with  Club  of  Chicago.     He  was  once  president  of  the 

one  child:    Helen,  who  married  Chauncey  K.   Me-  board  of  directors  of  MeOormick  Theological  Sem- 

Anlis,  of  Ithwa,  X.  Y.     He  died  at  Fort  Wayne,  'nalT,  ™*  "as  been  a  member  of  that  board  for 

Id    \  ,r   «3    191S  thirty-six  years,  and  for  forty-nine  years  has  been 

"DENT,"   Thomas    (Ijams),    lawver,    was   born  an  eider  in  the  Presbyterian  church      He  was  mar- 

near  the  present  site  of  Magnolia,  Putnam  CD.,  HI,  ™d  June  4      8,,,  to  Susan    daughter  of  Jeremiah 

Nov.  14,  1831,  son  of  George  and  Comfort  (Ijams)  ?trawn  of    Putnam    co      111.      A    daughter,    May 

Dent       His   earliest    paternal   American    ancestor  Dent,  died  in  Milan,   Italy,   Feb.   26,   1882,  aged 

is  thought  to  have  been  William  Dent,  an  early  im-  nineteen.     Some  letters  she  wrote  her  mother  were 

migrant  from  England  to   Maryland      From  him  alter  her  mother's  feath  in  1911,  pubbshed  with 

nt  i    traced  to  Walter  Dent      rand-  »  *«n°i*     "'16'  *he        e    '  AChlca       G»l  B  Trip 


he  line  of  descent  is  traced  to  Walter  Dent,  grand-  ,         ,,                 , 

father   of   John   Dent.      John   Dent    married   Mar-  to^rope  inlSNl.'  '(1'ortravt  opposite  page  2,,  .) 

garet  Evans,  daughter  of  Col.  John  Evans.     Their  JDEBMFTELD,  Webster,   educator,  was  born 

son  John  Evans  Dent  marrfed  Rebecca  Hamilton,  f   Wilhamsville    WnHlliam  co.    A  t     son  of  John 

and  was  the  grandfather  of  Thomas  I.  Dent.  John  A.  and  Louisa  W.  (Williams)  Mernfield.    The  son 

Dent  was  a  toldier  and  officer  in  the  war  of  the  received    his    preliminary    education    at    Cushman 

Revolution  and  was  sheriff  of  Monongalia  county,  Academy,  ^    Bernardston,  _and_  ^the^_\Vilbraham 


illHI      »»  ilO     Jilt  L'ii^t4iii*\.-ju."i.v'(  ,-%r  %  j  t  1  1  i         1  j_T1 

now  West  Virginia),  a  member  of  the  (Mass.)    Academy,    aud   was   graduated    at   lale 

rt,  and  a  member  of  tha  house  of  bur-  College  with  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1877.     For  two 

Virginia.     His  fathor-in-lsw,  Col.  John  years  thereafter  he  was  teacher  in  a  private  s.-hool 

Evans,   was   county   clerk   of   Monon-alia   county,  at  ISewburgh    X.   \     and  in  18,9  he  accepted  a 

and  for  a  long  period  lieutenant  of  the  county,  position  on  the  Yale  faculty  where   he   remained 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  convention  which  ""Vl^8^?^  J^J'!^"'6  J^.f !  "„,  _:1U* 


was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives  '  u""c' 
and  state  senate,  aud  was  a  presidential  elector  in  essor  of  economics,  serving  with  credit  and  did 
1812  George  Dent,  father  of  the  subject,  was  tmction  until  his  retirement  in  1  09.  The  Lm- 
a  farmer  in  early  life,  but  after  1836  held  various  versity  of  I^orth  Dakota  was  first  opened  lor  the 
official  positions  including  membership  in  the  reception  of  students  in  September,  1888,  and  be- 
Illinois  general  assemblv,  and  the  office  of  county  sides  a  preparatory  department  it  also  contains  a 
iud^e  Thomas  Dent  "received  his  education  in  well  equipped  library  of  about  8,000  volumes,  and 
the  "public  schools  of  Putnam  co.  111,  and  Muskin-  biological,  chemical  and  physical  laboratories,  as 
gum  co  O.  He  studied  law,  was  enrolled  as  an  well  as  dormitories,  a  gymnasium  and  two  hospital 
attorney  in'  Illinois  in  1S54,  and  began  the  prac-  wards.  In  addition  to  the  collegiate  aud  military 
tice  of  his  profession  at  Hennepin,  and  soon  was  departments,  there  are  also  departments  of  art, 
entrusted  with  business  in  various  parts  of  Illinois,  science,  law  and  mines.  The  university  stands  as 
some  of  it  distant  from  his  home.  He  settled  a  monument  to  Dr.  Merrineld  who  became  its  ex- 
in  Chicao-o  in  1S56,  forming  a  partnership  with  ecutive  at  a  time  when  a  strong  leader  was  de- 
Martin  R°  M.  Wallace,  as  Wallace  &  Dent.  During  manded,  and  he  carried  it  through  one  of  its 
the  period  1860-67,  he  was  a  partner  of  Judge  greatest  crises  in  a  remarkable  manner.  He  was 
Alfred  W.  Arrington,  under  the  firm  name  of  Ar-  offered  the  presidency  of  the  University  of  Mont- 
rington  &  Dent.  After  the  death  of  Judge  Ar-  ana,  and  of  a  well  known  eastern  college,  but 
rington,  Capt.  William  P.  Black  joined  Mr.  Dent,  preferred  to  remain  at  Xorth  Dakota  to  keep  the 


federal   courts   and   after   Apr.   30,   1870,   to   the  sound   basis.      Its    advance    from   that   time    was 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.    He  has  also  rapid,  and  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  the  stu- 

argued  cases  in  Indiana,  Iowa,  and  the  supreme  dent    enrollment    had    trebled,    the    faculty    had 

court   of   the    former   territory   of    Dakota.      His  grown   from    thirteen   to    sixty-one    members,   the 

practice    has  been  general,  and  has  included  much  annual  maintenance  from  $30,400  to  $14o,000,  and 

important  litigation.     In  addition  to  a  number  of  a  number  of  new  buildings  had  been  added.     Dr. 

contributions  to  legal  periodicals  he  is  the  author  Merrifield  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  the  stu- 

of  "Office  Practice"  in  the  "Library  of  Ameri-  dents  and  took  a  fatherly  interest  m  all  their  work 

can  Law  and  Practice"    (vol.  XII),  "of  the  Am-  and  pleasures.     He  devoted  his  entire  career  to  his 


JOSEPH  H.  FUSSELL 

LAWYER 


JOHX  R.  BRIXCKLE" 

SOLDIFR 


TOHX  S.  WEIDMAX 
LUMBERMAN 


FRAXCIS  O'XEILL 
AUTHOR 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


270 


North  Dakota.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat  and 
his  religicis  affiliations  were  with  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Econ- 
omic Association ;  the  American  Academy  of  Polit- 
ical and  Social  Science;  the  National  Association 
of  State  University  Presidents  and  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  fraternity.  His  cluhs  were:  the  Twilight, 
Annandale,  Country  and  Valley  Country.  In  1892 
he  received  the  degree  of  M.A.  from  Yale  College, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  North 
Dakota  in  1009.  He  was  married  at  Newburgh, 
N.  Y.,  June  2fi,  1902,  to  Elizabeth  McBride,  widow 
of  George  Bull  of  Grand  Forks,  by  whom  he  is 
survived  with  three  step  children:  Bess,  wife  of 
Thomas  Campbell  of  Pasadena,  Cal. ;  Daniel,  of 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  Clara  Bull,  of  Pasadena,  Cal. 
He  died  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Jan.  22,  1916. 

FTJSSEIX,  Joseph  Henry,  lawyer,  soldier  and 
churchman,  was  born  in  Maury  county,  Tenn., 
Jan.  12,  1836,  son  of  Henry  B'arrett  and  Eliza 
C.  (Kincaid)  Fussell,  and  grandson  of  John  and 
Polly  (Fitts)  Fussell,  of  English  descent.  His 
father  was  a  contractor.  Joseph  H.  Fussell  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  public  and 
private  schools,  and  was  graduated  at  Jackson 
College  (a  noted  institution  that  was  burned  by 
the  Federals  during  the  civil  war),  Columbia, 
Tenn.,  in  1858  with  the  degree  A.B.,  subsequently 
receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from  that  college.  At 
graduation  he  delivered  the  valedictory  in  Latin, 
in  which  he  excelled.  He  was  also  a  splendid  Greek 
scholar.  In  early  life  he  was  a  carpenter,  taught 
school  for  three  years,  meanwhile  studying  law, 
and  in  1860  was  admitted  to  the  Tennessee  bar. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a 
member  of  the  1st  regiment,  Tennessee  cavalry, 
in  which  he  became  an  officer,  rendering  valiant 
service  under  Forrest.  The  first  blood  shed  ia 
battle  during  the  war  is  known  to  have  been  in 
this  command,  in  a  skirmish  on  Mud  river,  Ken- 
tucky, where  one  of  his  regiment  was  killed,  while 
the  company  he  commanded  was  the  last  to  suffer 
casualties  in  the  war.  He  had  many  narrow 
escapes,  both  in  the  line  and  on  staff  duty,  par- 
ticipating in  119  battles  and  engagements.  At 
Thompson  Station  his  horse  bolted,  carrying  him 
through  the  Federal  lines,  and  a  part  of  his  beard 
and  his  hat  were  shot  away.  In  some  unaccount- 
able manner  his  left  foot  was  crushed,  from  which 
he  suffered  as  long  as  he  lived.  At  one  time  he 
was  instrumental  in  saving  Holly  Springs  by  cap- 
turing a  spy.  After  the  war  he  began  the  practice 
of  law  at  Columbia,  Tenn.,  meeting  at  once  with 
success,  and  proving  himself  to  be  a  man  of  un- 
usual ability.  He  was  noted  for  his  eloquence 
and  clear  reasoning  powers,  and  became  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leading  criminal  lawyers  of  his 
section.  He  served  two  terms  of  eight  years  each 
as  attorney-general  of  what  is  now  the  llth  cir- 
cuit. In  1SS2  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  "sky- 
blue"  faction  of  the  Democratic  party  for  gov- 
ernor of  Tennessee,  and  in  1898  was  candidate  for 
judge  of  the  llth  circuit.  He  was  fusion  (tem- 
perance and  Republican)  candidate  for  congress 
in  1890,  and  in  1908  was  the  regular  Democratic 
nominee  for  state  senator  in  the  20th  district.  He 
held  a  high  place  in  Masonry  and  was  past  grand 
of  the  grand  commandery,  Knights  Templar  of 
Tennessee,  and  frequently  represented  his  state  in 
triennial  conclaves.  He  was  organizer  and  first 
chancellor  commander  of  his  lodge,  Knights  of 
Pythias,  and  member  also  United  Confederate 
Veterans.  He  was  an  ardent  worker  in  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  church,  holding  and  ably 
filling  many  offices  of  importance,  and  for  years 


a  member  of  the  board  of  publication.  He  had 
been  ruling  elder  since  1856,  and  for  thirty-five 
years  was  Sunday  school  superintendent.  He 
organized  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Tabernacle, 
Columbia.  He  was  frequently  moderator  of  the 
various  local  synods  and  presbyteries,  and  was 
moderator  of  the  general  assembly  in  1910.  He 
was  married  to  Margaret,  the  granddaughter  of 
Brig.  Gen.  Isaac  Roberts.  He  died  at  Columbia, 
Term.,  Nov.  4,  1915. 

BRINCKLE,  John  Ilumsey,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Kingsessing  twp.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  Mar. 
31,  1839,  son  of  Samuel  Crawford  and  Julia  (Rum- 
sey)  Brinckle.  His  earliest  (known)  paternal  Amer- 
ican ancestor  was  John  Brinckloe.  His  wife  was 
Hester  Tilton,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife, 
Ann  Draper;  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife,  Eliza 
beth  Marim,  to  their  son,  John  (Brinckloe)  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Gordon,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  John  Eumsey  Brinckle.  John  Brinck- 
loe (I)  was  lieutenant  colonel  of  Kent  county 
(Del.)  militia  in  1756.  John  Brinckloe,  grand- 
father of  the  subject,  was  a  physician  and  sur- 
geon. Samuel  Crawford  Brinckle,  father  of  the 
subject,  was  a  Protestant  Episcopal  clergyman. 
John  Rumsey  Brinckle  was  graduated  at  Delaware 
College,  Newark,  Del.,  in  1856,  with  the  degree 
A.B.  In  that  year  he  began  a  business  career. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  war  he  was  appointed 
2d  lieutenant  in  the  5th  battery,  U.  S.  artillery, 
with  which  he  served  throughout  the  conflict,  par- 
ticipating in  the  principal  battles  and  engagements 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  present  at 
the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  siege 
of  Petersburg,  battle  of  the  Crater,  Sailors  Creek, 
and  Appomattox  Court  House.  He  was  brevetted 
captain  in  1865  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con- 
duct at  Sailors  Creek,  Va.,  and  brevetted  major 
in  the  same  year  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con- 
duct in  the  campaign  ending  in  Lee 's  surrender. 
After  the  war  and  the  reorganization  of  the  army 
he  preferred  to  remain  in  the  military  service.  He 
was  commissioned  captain  in  1874;  major  (retired) 
in  1896,  and  lieutenant  colonel  (retired)  in  1909. 
Upon  his  retirement  he  took  up  his  residence  at 
Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Colonial  Wars  and  of  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States.  He  was 
married,  Jan.  23,  187S,  to  Gertrude,  daughter  of 
Thomas  H.  Brown,  a  physician  of  Paris,  Maine; 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Julia,  who 
married  Lt.  Dorsey  Read  Rodney,  U.  S.  cavalry; 
Gertrude,  and  Frances  H.,  who  married  Major 
Leigh  F.  J.  Zerbee,  U.  S.  army.  He  died  at  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  June  15,  1910. 

WEIDMAN,  John  Sylvester,  lumberman  and 
banker,  was  born  in  Keuockee  township,  St.  Clair 
co.,  Mich.,  May  10,  1852,  son  of  Evan  and  Harriet 
(Edgecomb)  Weidman.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
was  engaged  as  a  log  runner  on  the  Muskegou 
river,  and  from  that  time  until  he  was  twenty  n\r 
he  followed  alternately  that  occupation  and  that  of 
foreman  of  a  lumber  camp.  Meanwhile  he  acquired 
a  farm  in  Mecosta  county  and  in  1*7"  made  his 
initial  venture  as  a  timberman,  cutting  1,000,000 
ft.  of  timber,  on  which  he  cleared  about  .*2.i"Mi. 
As  manufacturing  lumberman  he  was  perhaps  best 
known  as  president  of  the  Weidman  &  Sim  Co., 
inanut'ai-turing  hardwoods,  maple,  hemlock  and 
other  lumber,  owning  20,000  acres  in  Ontonagon 
county,  Mich.,  with  a  modern  plant  at  Trout  Creek, 
Mich.  He  was  also  an  extensive  owner  of  timber- 
lands  in  Wisconsin.  He  was  president  of  tne 
Weidman  Timber  Co.,  of  Grand  Rapids,  which 


280 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


owned  some  :'.U,UUO  acres  of  forest  growth  in 
Gogebic  county,  Mich.,  and  Vilas  county,  Wis. 
He  also  owned  independently  many  other  tracts 
of  high  grade  timber  of  considerable  size  and  was 
a  director  in  the  Benrdsley  Timber  Co.,  Grand 
Eapids,  which  has  large  holdings  in  Mackinaw 
county,  Mich.  In  addition  to  his  extensive  timber 
interests  he  was  president  of  the  Isabella  County 
State  Bank,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Mich. ;  the  Weidman 
Banking  Co.,  of  Weidman;  the  Rosebush  (Mich.) 
State  Bank,  and  the  Farwell  (Mich.)  Banking 
Co.  He  was  treasurer  of  Holmes  Milling  Co., 
which  operates  a  flour  mill  at  Weidman.  At  his 
death  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  control  of 
the  Traverse  City  State  Hospital.  Politically  he 
was  a  Republican ;  he  attended  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  and  held  the  32d  degree  in 
Masonry.  Mr.  Weidman  possessed  deep  convic- 
tions of  right  and  wrong,  and  his  entire  life  was 
an  example  of  zeal  and  prudence.  He  was  married 
at  Big  liapids,  Mich.,  July  3,  1877,  to  Margaret, 
daughter  of  William  G.  Mitchell,  a  farmer,  of 
Morley,  Mich.,  and  had  six  children:  Lenora,  the 
wife  of  W.  E.  Springer,  of  Chevy  Chase,  Md.; 
Mildred,  Lucille,  Stanley,  Robert  and  Evan  Weid- 
man. He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  while  visit- 
ing his  daughter,  May  18,  1919. 

O'NEILL,  Francis,  police  official  and  collector 
and  compiler  of  Irish  folk  music,  w.is  born  at 
Tralibane,  near  Bantry,  County  Cork,  Ireland, 
Aug.  28,  1848,  son  of  John  ai.  1  Catherine  (O'Ma- 
hony)  O'Neill  and  member  of  a  distinguished 
Irish  family.  His  maternal  ancestors  were  equally 
distinguished.  Since  the  introduction  of  surnames 
in  the  llth  century,  the  O'Mahonys  have  occu- 
pied the  southwestern  district  of  the  present  county 
of  Cork.  The  first  who  bore  the  surname  was  the 
grandson  of  Brian  Boru,  who  defeated  the  Danes 
and  lost  his  life  at  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  A.D. 
1014.  Francis  O'Neill  received  his  education  at 
the  National  School,  Bantry,  in  which  he  served 
as  monitor  from  his  12th  to  his  16th  year.  He 
then  worked  his  passage  to  Sunderland,  England, 
and  was  cabin  boy  and  sailor  on  vessels  engaged  in 
the  Mediterranean  and  Black  Sea  trade.  In  1866 
he  came  to  America  on  the  packet  ship  "Emerald 
Isle";  subsequently  made  voyages  to  the  West 
Indies  and  South  America,  to  Honolulu  and  Japan. 
He  was  wrecked  on  the  ' '  Minnehaha ' '  of  Boston 
at  Baker 's  Island  in  the  Pacific,  and  on  being 
finally  taken  te  San  Francisco  he  tried  sheep  herd- 
ing in  the  West.  He  soon  returned  to  the  sea, 
shipping  from  San  Francisco  to  Mexico,  thence  via 
Cape  Horn  to  New  York.  As  a  sailor  he  circum- 
navigated the  globe  before  attaining  his  majority. 
In  1S69  he  went  to  Edina,  capital  of  Knox  co., 
Mo.,  where  he  taught  school  for  a  brief  period, 
after  which  he  went  to  Chicago  and  sailed  the 
Great  Lakes.  For  a  year  he  was  a  clerk  in  the 
service  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  Co.  In 
1873  he  joined  the  Chicago  police  force  as  a 
patrolman,  and  a  month  later  was  shot  in  an 
encounter  with  a  notorious  burglar.  He  was  im- 
mediately promoted  to  regular  patrolman  for 
bravery;  was  made  desk  sergeant  in  1878.  He  was 
transferred  to  police  headquarters  two  years  later, 
where  he  served  as  private  secretary  or  chief 
clerk  under  five  general  superintendents,  until  his 
promotion  to  a  captaincy  in  1894.  In  the  mean- 
time he  had  been  advanced  to  the  rank  of  patrol 
sergeant  and  lieuteaant.  After  the  civil  service 
law  took  effect  he  took  the  examination  for  cap- 
taincy, and  headed  the  list  with  an  average  of 
99.8.  He  was  appointed  general  superintendent  in 
1901,  was  reappointed  in  1903  and  again  in  1905 


by  a  new  mayor,  an  unheaul  of  proceeding;  but 
in  July  of  the  latter  year  he  resigned  with  a  clear 
record.  He  had  served  more  than  thirty-two  years, 
which  was  a  record,  and  his  reappointment  was 
the  second  in  Chicago 's  history,  but  he  was  the 
only  man  honored  with  a  third  term.  He  is  com- 
piler of  "The  Music  of  Ireland"  (1,850  numbers, 
1902);  "The  Dance  Music  of  Ireland"  (1,001 
pieces,  1905)  ;  and  author  of  ' '  Irish  Folk  Music — 
A  Fascinating  Hobby"  (1910);  "Irish  Minstrels 
and  Musicians"  (1913);  and  "O'Neill's  Irish 
Music  for  Piano  and  Violin"  (enlarged  ed.,  400 
numbers,  1915).  Capt.  O'Neill  is  credited  with  be- 
ing the  owner  of  one  of  the  finest  libraries  of 
books  relating  to  Ireland,  in  America.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Irish  Literary  Society  of  London, 
Irish  }'olk  Song  Society,  London;  American-Irish 
Historical  Society,  and  the  Cork  Historical  and 
Archa?ologkal  Society.  He  finds  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  music  and  in  nature  studies,  also  in  collect- 
ing antiques.  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Democratic  party,  and  he  is  a  communicant 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  was  married 
at  Bloomingtou,  111.,  in  1870,  to  Anna  Rogers; 
they  have  four  children:  Juliana,  who  married 
.lames  L.  Mooney,  Chicago;  Caroline,  who  married 
Daniel  F.  Crowe,  Kansas  City;  May  and  Anna 
O  'Neill.  His  winter  home  is  at  Ocean  Springs, 
Miss.  (Portrait  opposite  page  279.) 

CASTLE,  Vernon  (Blyth),  was  born  in  Nor- 
wich, Eug.,  May  2,  1887,  son  of  William  and  Jane 
Blyth.  When  a  young  man  he  was  educated  as 
a  civil  engineer  i»  London,  Eng.,  and  it  was  dur- 
ing this  period,  while  living  with  his  sister,  Coralie 
Blyth,  a  celebrated  London  actress,  who  married 
Lawrence  Grossmith,  a  member  of  the  theatrical 
family  of  that  name,  that  Vernon  Blyth  became 
desirous  of  entering  the  profession,  and  in  1906 
he  sailed  with  his  sister  and  brother-in-law  to  New 
York,  where,  at  Lew  Field's  "Herald  Square 
Theater,"  in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  he  made 
his  first  appearance  on  the  stage,  adopting  the 
stage  name  of  "Vernon  Castle."  The  whole  of 
liis  theatrical  career  was  in  the  United  States, 
where  he  achieved  success  in  the  following  plays: 
"The  Midnight  Sons";  "The  Henpecks";  "the 
Girl  Behind  the  Counter";  "The  Summer  Wid- 
owers"; "The  Sunshine  Girl,"  and  "The  Lady 
of  the  Slipper."  It  was  during  the  run  of  "The 
Girl  Behind  the  Counter,"  in  which  he  attracted 
attention  as  an  eccentric  dancer,  that  he  began 
seriously  to  consider  taking  up  dancing  proper  in 
addition  to  his  dramatic  work.  He  gained  phen- 
omenal success  in  this  branch  of  the  art.  He  was 
not  only  incomparable  as  a  dancer,  but  later  be- 
came unrivalled  as  a  teacher  and  inventor  of 
dances.  It  was  during  the  run  of  "The  Summer 
Widowers"  that  he  first  met  Miss  Irene  Foote, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Hubert  Foote,  a  well  known  physi- 
cian of  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  and  they  were  mar- 
ried May  28,  1911.  Their  first  appearance  as  a 
dancing  team  was  in  Paris  a  year  after  their  mar- 
riage, Mrs.  Castle  having  made  her  stage  debut  in 
a  small  part  in  "The  Henpecks"  previous  to  that 
time.  Their  dancing  became  the  sensation  of 
Paris  and  tidings  of  their  success  reached  America 
and  Mr.  Castle  made  his  reappearance  in  New 
York  in  Chas.  B.  Dillingham's  production,  "The 
Lady  of  the  Slipper."  Mrs.  Castle  did  not  ap- 
pear in  this,  but  later  danced  with  her  husband  in 
"The  Sunshine  Girl."  So  great  was  the  success 
of  the  young  couple  that  society  took  them  up. 
Private  classes  were  formed — numbering  among 
their  members  some  of  the  best  known  society 
men  and  women  in  New  York.  "Castle  House '; 


OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


281 


was  opened  and  was  prosperous  from  the  outset. 
Then  followed  ' '  Castles-in-the-Air ' '  and  ' '  Castles- 
by-the-Sea. "  The  public  took  to  the  dances  and 
the  Castles  were  the  most  talked  of  people  in  the 
world  of  amusement.  It  was  during  the  first  year 
of  the  European  war  (1914)  that  Vernon  Castle 
and  his  wife  became  Broadway  "stars,"  being 
featured  as  chief  comedian  and  dancer  in  Charles 
Dillingham's  successful  production,  "Watch  Your 
Step,"  and  in  the  autumn  of  1915,  while  Mr. 
Castle  was  acting  in  this  play,  he  became  greatly 
interested  in  aviation.  He  gave  up  his  profession, 
studied  flying  under  the  best  instructors  he  could 
find,  and  in  January,  1916,  was  granted  a  pilot 's 
license  by  the  Aero  Club  of  America.  After  her 
husband  had  entered  the  aviation  field,  Mrs.  Castle 
engaged  successfully  in  moving  picture  work,  be- 
ing starred  in  the  serial  "Patria,"  and  in  other 
cinema  plays.  Following  several  successful  flights 
at  Newport  News,  Mr.  Castle  sailed  for  England, 
Feb.,  1916,  enlisted  in  the  Eoyal  Flying  Corps  and 
in  March,  1916,  received  the  commission  of  lieu- 
tenant. He  was  next  heard  of  in  the  Somme  sec- 
tor attached  to  the  French  army  under  Gen.  Foch. 
He  was  frequently  mentioned  in  dispatches,  and 
his  success  in  leading  a  "flight"  over  the  German 
lines  and  bringing  them  all  back  safely,  resulted 
in  the  capture  of  important  positions  by  the 
French.  A  few  weeks  later  he  received  the  Croix 
de  Guerre  for  valor  on  the  Western  front,  having 
brought  down  two  German  planes,  in  April,  1917, 
he  returned  to  America  on  leave,  and  later  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  instructor  at  Camp  Mo- 
hawk, Deseronto,  Out.  While  there  he  received 
his  commission  as  captain  and  was  made  a  flight 
commander,  and  went  with  the  Canadian  contin- 
gent to  Texas,  when  they  were  transferred  there 
in  the  autumn  of  1917.  His  flying  at  Fort  Worth 
was  as  famous  as  his  dancing,  for  his  spectacular 
and  daring  demonstrations  held  thousands  of  both 
soldiers  and  civilians  spell-bound  day  after  day. 
Capt.  Castle  was  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in 
the  aviation  service,  proving  himself  to  be  a  man 
of  courage,  resource  and  exceptional  ability  as  an 
aviator.  In  an  effort  to  avert  a  collision  with  a 
machine  rising  from  the  ground  as  he  was  landing, 
in  which  others  would  have  been  greatly  endan- 
gered, he  sacrificed  his  life.  He  was  killed  at  Fort 
Worth,  Tex.,  Feb.  15,  1918. 

DENISON,  Charles,  physician,  was  born  at 
Royaltou,  Vt.,  Nov.  1,  1845,  son  of  Joseph  A.  and 
Eliza  (Skinner)  Denison,  and  a  descendant  of 
Capt.  George  Denison.  Both  his  father  and  grand- 
father were  physicians  of  note.  Charles  Denison 
attended  the  academy  of  his  native  town  and  the 
Kimball  Union  Academy  in  Meriden,  N.  H.,  passed 
-the  freshman  year  at  the  University  of  Vermont, 
and  finished  his  collegiate  course  at  Williams  Col- 
lege, Willianrftowu,  Mass.,  in  1S67,  having  already 
begun  the  study  of  medicine  under  Prof.  S.  W. 
Thayer  of  Burlington,  Vt.  In  1869,  he  was  gradu- 
ated as  valedictorian  in  the  medical  department 
of  the  University  of  Vermont,  having  during  his 
course  been  instructor  of  gymnastics  in  that  insti- 
tution. He  then  studied  in  New  York  city  for  one 
year,  and  settling  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1S71, 
was  house  surgeon  of  the  Hartford  city  Hospital 
for  a  like  period.  Having  a  pulmonary  hem- 
orrhage, he  removed  in  1873  to  Denver,  where  he 
soon  regained  his  health,  and  was  led  to  devote 
his  attention  to  the  study  of  climate  in  relation  to 
the  cure  of  tuberculosis,  receiving  communications 
on  this  subject  from  physicians  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Formerly  a  member  of  the  Hart- 
ford City  Medical  Society  in  1874,  he  became  a 


member  of  the  Colorado  State  Medical  Society,  of 
which  he  was  secretary  in  1878.  Dr.  Denison  was 
a  member  of  the  original  faculty  of  the  Denver 
Medical  College,  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Denver,  and  for  fourteen  years  held 
the  chair  of  "Diseases  of  the  Chest,  and  of  Cli- 
matology." On  resigning  he  was  made  emeritus 
professor.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
special  committee  on  the  ' '  Influence  of  the  Climate 
of  Colorado  on  Pulmonary  Diseases,"  reporting  in 
1876  and  1886  to  the  two  International  congresses 
which  were  held  in  America.  While  occupying  the 
president 's  chair  of  the  American  C'limatological 
Association,  he  delivered  an  address  at  the  seventh 
annual  meeting  (1890)  upon  "Abnormal  Intra- 
Thoracie  Air  Pressures  and  their  Treatment." 
Among  his  other  writings  and  contributions  to 
medical  literature  is,  "The  Preferable  Climate  for 
Phthisis,"  a  very  instructive  and  able  pamphlet, 
which  was  reprinted  for  free  general  distribution 
by  order  of  the  legislature  of  Colorado,  from  the 
Transactions  of  the  Ninth  International  Medical 
congress.  This  work  was  ably  criticised  by  Dr. 
Boyd  Cornick  of  Texas,  who  in  the  Journal  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  1893,  claimed 
that  Dr.  Deuisou,  more  than  any  other  teacher  or 
author  was  responsible  for  the  views  held  by  the 
medical  profession  on  the  subject  of  the  influence 
of  high  altitude  upon  disease.  He  also  wrote,  "The 
Rocky  Mountain  Health  Resorts,"  an  analytical 
study  of  high  altitudes  with  relation  to  the  arrest 
of  pulmonary  diseases;  "Moisture  and  Dryness"; 
"The  Climates  of  the  United  States  in  Colors," 
including  annual  and  seasonal  averages  of  clim- 
atic data,  graphically  illustrated,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived the  first  medal  of  the  World 's  Columbian 
Exposition;  "Tuberculin  an  I  the  Living  Cell"; 
'•Tuberculin  as  a  Diagnostic  Agent  for  Tubercu- 
losis"; and  a  volume  entitled,  "Exercise  and 
Food  for  Pulmonary  Invalids."  His  later  papers 
include  the  report  to  the  London  Congress  on  Tu- 
berculosis, of  which  he  was  made  an  honorary  vic"3- 
president  in  1901,  on  "Devitalized  Air  Toxemia 
a  Prime  Cause  of  Tuberculosis. ' '  As  early  as  1SSO, 
before  Koch  had  discovered  the  germ  of  tubercu- 
losis, Dr.  Denison  was  convinced,  from  his  obser- 
vations, that  the  disease  was  transmissible,  and 
advocated  segregation  of  the  invalid.  Among  the 
numerous  instruments  invented  by  Dr.  Denison  are 
the  following:  The  Denison  stethoscope,  a  rib- 
cutter,  a  valvular  drainage  tube,  a  mouthgag,  the 
"Chest  Exerciser"  or  "Emphysema  Jacket,"  the 
extension  windlass,  the  manometer  and  the  spirorn- 
eter,  (two  very  important  instruments  for  diag- 
nosis in  pulmonary  diseases),  and  "The  Air-Pres- 
sure Inhaler  and  Exhaler. ' '  In  his  will  he  left 
a  bequest  of  $10,000  to  be  used  in  giving  a  prize 
of  $1,000  every  two  years  for  an  essay  on  "The 
Influence  of  the  Sun  's  Rays  on  Health  and  Vital 
Functions,"  the  judges  to  be  appointed  by  medi- 
cal societies.  Dr.  Deuison  was  president  of  the 
Denver  Medical  Association;  member  of  the  Am- 
erican Medical  Association ;  and  one  of  the  six  cor- 
responding members,  allotted  to  the  United  States, 
of  the  International  Bureau  of  Berlin  for  the  Pue- 
vention  of  Consumption.  He  was  married  Dec. 
26,  1878,  to  Ella,  daughter  of  Gen.  Henry  Strong 
of  Chicago,  and  their  children  are:  Henry  Strong 
(deceased),  Carla  and  Elsa  Denison.  He  died  in 
Denver,  Colo.,  Jan.  10,  1909. 

COOPEK,  William  Albert,  artist  and  photog- 
rapher, was  born  in  London,  Ontario,  Canada, 
August  27,  184.'i,  son  of  John  and  Mary  (MeLaugh- 
lin)  Cooper,  and  a  direct  descendant  of  the  Earl 
of  Shaftsbury.  His  father  was  a  graduate  of  the 


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Dublin  University  and  had  prepared  himself  for 
the  Episcopal  Ministry,  but  not  thinking  himself 
called  for  that  profession  entered  the  business 
world  as  a  builder.  He  was  a  man  of  learning 
and  culture.  The  son  attended  Union  College  in 
his  native  city  and  in  1SGO  became  associated  with 
his  brother,  John  Cooper,  one  of  the  pioneer 
photographers  of  Canada.  Subsequently  he  studied 
the  carbon  process  in  London,  England,  and  in- 
troduced it  into  America  in  1876,  two  years  later 
he  brought  to  this  country  the  arto-type  process, 
having  studied  photo-mechanical  printing  under 
Obernetter  in  Munich.  In  his  photo-mechanical 
work  in  Chicago  Mr.  Cooper  made  reproductions 
from  plates  up  to  30"  x  40"  for  all  the  large 
publishing  houses  and  made  some  very  fine  prints 
on  satin.  In  1SS9  he  established  a  plant  in  Chi- 
cago for  the  half-tone  process,  having  previously 
spent  some  time  in  Paris,  with  Guillaume  &  Cie, 
studying  and  perfecting  it.  In  1892  he  began 
reproducing  paintings  with  true  color  values,  and 
for  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  professional  career 
this  was  his  specialty.  In  his  reproduction  of 
paintings  almost  every  brush  mark  is  seen,  so 
faithful  and  true  to  every  detail  is  the  reproduc- 
tion, and  the  30"  x  40"  reproduction  of  many  of 
the  world  's  famous  paintings  that  Mr.  Cooper  made 
were  all  masterpieces.  He  always  worked  for  the 
best  result  obtainable  and  no  detail  was  too  small 
to  escape  his  notice.  His  work  was  his  hobby,  he 
put  his  whole  heart  in  it  and  for  that  reason, 
if  no  other,  he  got  the  best  out  of  everything. 
In  1*04  he  removed  his  studio  to  New  York  city 
where  most  of  his  reproductions  of  private  col- 
lections of  prominent  people  in  this  country  and 
Canada  were  made,  and  in  this  work  he  achieved 
success,  and  was  entrusted  with  many  of  the 
costliest  paintings  in  the  world.  He  also  made 
many  beautiful  interiors  of  the  finest  homes 
throughout  the  country,  and  exteriors  and  garden 
scenes  in  color,  having  taken  up  in  later  years, 
the  Lumiere  color  process.  In  190S  Mr.  Cooper 
made  a  trip  over  the  Canadian  Pacific  railway  and 
produced  panoramic  views,  with  a  camera  especi- 
ally made  for  him,  the  largest  one  of  its  kind  at 
that  time,  the  film  being  10  inches  by  6  feet.  He 
afterwards  gave  an  exhibition  of  these  views  in 
New  York,  about  110  in  all,  of  the  lofty  moun- 
tains, glaciers,  mountain  lakes,  the  last  of  the 
great  Buffalo  herd  in  National  Park,  Banff,  farm- 
ing lands,  grain  elevators,  etc.,  showing  the  great 
development  and  progress  of  the  Canadian  North- 
west. It  was  said  of  these  pictures  by  an  expert 
critic:  "Not  only  does  Mr.  Cooper  choose  his 
point  of  view  with  so  unerring  an  instinct  for 
effect  that  his  landscapes  'compose'  themselves  to 
perfection,  but  also  that  by  some  wizardry  of  his 
art  he  so  emphasizes  this  particular  feature,  and 
practically  eliminates  that  one,  as  to  give  evidence 
of  that  artistic  'selection'  which  we  all  agree  is 
the  essential  quality  of  every  landscape  painter  of 
the  first  rank. ' '  This  alone  shows  in  how  high 
esteem  his  photography  as  art  was  held.  Every 
negative  and  print  he  made  was  a  masterpiece 
of  photography.  In  everything  he  found  beauty 
and  reproduced  it  faithfully.  He  made  works  of 
art  in  his  photography  for  all  the  prominent  sculp- 
tors, painters,  decorators,  publishers  and  archi- 
tects. He  was  also  very  successful  in  his  por- 
traits of  men,  and,  like  the  artist  in  painting  the 
portrait,  he  seemed  to  grasp  their  finest  character- 
istics and  caught  them  at  their  best,  as  he  often 
said,  "so  that  they  might  go  down  to  posterity 
that  way."  In  1913  because  of  failing  health  he 
retired  from  active  business.  In  politics  he  was 


a  Republican  and  his  religious  affiliation  was  with 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  a  char- 
ter member  of  the  Canadian  Club  of  New  York, 
and  a  member  of  other  clubs  and  organizations. 
He  was  fond  of  reading,  and  of  outdoor  sports.  He 
had  a  remarkable  memory,  and  having  traveled 
extensively,  was  a  most  interesting  conversational- 
ist. His  personality  was  compelling  and  his  great 
love  for  humanity  was  a  dominant  trait.  Mr. 
('n.ipcr  was  married,  Sept.  16,  1867,  to  Ellen 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Captain  John  Gibson  of 
Picton,  Ontario,  Canada,  and  had  five  children, 
three  of  whom  survive:  William  Gibson,  civil 
engineer  and  contractor  of  New  York  city,  Lena 
Mary  and  Charlotte  Frances.  He  died  at  his 
home  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  9,  1917. 

HEED,  Charles  Sh.ad.rach,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  North  Fairfield,  O.,  Sept.  17,  1862,  son  of  Dr. 
David  Henry  and  Caroline  (Long)  Eeed.  Hi.s 
first  American  ancestor  was  Capt.  John  Reed,  a 
native  of  Cornwall,  England,  who  came  over  to 
the  colonies  in  1660  and  settled  near  South  Nor- 
walk,  Conn.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  his  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Mary 
Olmstead;  their  son  Nathan  and  his  wife  Mary 
Peck;  their  sou  David  and  his  wife  Bethia  Close; 
their  son  Henry  and  his  wife  Mary  Hoyt;  their 
son  Shadrach  and  his  wife  Polly  Roscoe,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Charles  Shadrach  Reed.  Mr. 
Reed  was  educated  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity and  Oberlin  College,  and  studied  law  in  the 
law  school  of  the  University  of  Michigan.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  18S5,  and  at  once  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  association  with 
Thomas  J.  Hudson,  of  Fredonia,  Kan.,  in  18S4. 
In  1SSS  he  became  prosecuting  attorney  for  Wil- 
son county,  serving  two  terms  (1888-92).  From 
Fredonia  he  removed  to  Sandusky,  O.,  in  1897,  and 
two  years  later  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  the  fourth  subdivision 
of  the  fourth  judical  district  of  Ohio.  He  re- 
signed in  1911  and  re-entered  the  law  practice 
and  since  that  time  has  had  large  experience  in 
corporation  work,  representing  some  of  the  largest 
firms  in  Cleveland  and  vicinity.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  County  Club  and  Union 
Club  of  Cleveland.  He  was  married  on  Nov.  17, 
1887,  to  Nellie  B.,  daughter  of  Samnel  Baughman, 
of  Chanute,  Kas.,  and  has  two  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter: Alto  L.  and  Charles  Shadrach  Reed  2d,  and 
Dorothy  Tauguy. 

LANE>  Wallace  Kutherford,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Whately,  Mass.,  Aug.  12,  1^76,  son  of  John 
William  and  Mary  (Haynes)  Lane.  His  father 
was  a  clergyman  of  the  Congregational  Church. 
His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William 
Lane,  probably  of  Norfolk,  England,  who  settled 
in  Connecticut  about  1640  and  moved  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1657;  from  him  the  line  descends 
through  his  son  William  and  the  latter 's  wife 
Sarah  Webster;  their  son  Joshua  and  his  wife 
Bathsheba  Robie;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife 
Mary  James;  their  son  Jabez  and  his  wife  Eunice 
Colcord;  and  their  son  Charles  and  his  wife  Han- 
nah French,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Wal- 
lace Rutherford  Lane.  He  received  his  prelimin- 
ary education  at  Hopkins  Academy,  Hadley,  Mass., 
at  Williston  Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  and 
attended  Brown  University  during  1895-97,  and 
was  graduated  at  Y'ale  Law  School  with  the  de- 
gree of  LL.B.  in  1900.  That  same  year  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Connecticut  bar  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  association  with  Still- 
man  Haynes  at  Fitchburg,  Mass.  During  1901-10 
he  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Orwig  &  Lane, 


WALLACE  R.  LANE 

LAWYER 


WILLIAM  W.  SMITH 

MANTFACTURER 


GORDON  R.  BADGEROW 
LAWYER 


BEACH  I.  HINMAN 

LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


283 


at  Des  Moines,  la.,  also  serving  as  professor  of 
law  at  Highland  Park  College,  and  lecturer  on 
patent  law  at  Drake  University  and  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska.  In  1910  he  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  and  since  then,  as  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Parkinson  &  Lane,  has  specialized  in 
patent,  corporation,  trademark  and  unfair  com- 
petition law.  He  has  served  as  special  counsel  fot 
numerous  large  manufacturing  companies,  also  for 
the  states  of  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  in  certain  patent 
cases,  and  has  acted  as  general  counsel  for  many 
large  cities  in  similar  matters.  Among  the  various 
articles  of  which  he  is  the  author  are:  "Dilatory 
Patent  Procedure,"  ("Green  Bag,"  Boston, 
1908)  ;  "Certain  Phases  of  Prima  Facie  Eights  of 
the  Patentee, ' '  (address  before  American  Bar  As- 
sociation, 1908);  "Secondary  Rights  in  Trade 
Mark  Cases,"  ("Yale  Law  Journal,"  1909); 
"The  Transfer  of  Trademarks  and  Trade 
Names,"  ("Illinois  Law  Review,"  1911);  "One 
Year  Under  the  New  Federal  Equity  Rules" 
("Harvard  Law  Review,"  1914);  "Working 
Under  Federal  Equity  Rules"  ("Harvard  Law 
Review,"  1915);  "Restricting  the  Use  of 
Patented  Articles,  and  Remedies  for  Violations" 
("American  Legal  News,"  1915).  Mr.  Lane  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Bar  Association  (sec- 
retary Patent  Section,  1917,  chairman  Patent  Sec- 
tion, 1919)  ;  Chicago  Bar  Association;  American, 
Patent  Law  Association;  Chicago  Patent  Law  As- 
sociation Board  of  Managers  1919;  the  University 
Club  of  Chicago,  Evanston,  and  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
Union  League  of  Chicago;  Evanston  Golf  (di- 
rector); Beta  Theta  Pi  of  New  York;  and  Rhode 
Island  Country  Club.  He  is  a  director  of  several 
manufacturing  companies.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican and  in  religion  a  Congregationalist. 
During  the  war  with  Germany  he  delivered  speeches 
all  over  the  nation  for  the  U.  S.  government  on 
"America's  War  Morale,"  and  other  patriotic  sub- 
jects, and  was  vice-chairman  of  the  Liberty  Speak- 
ers, and  the  Patriotic  Community  Council.  He  was 
married,  July  1,  1901,  to  Gertrude,  daughter  of 
William  F.  Gardner  of  Swansea,  Mass.,  and  they 
have  three  children:  Esther  Haynes,  Josephine 
Gardner  and  John  Wallace  Lane. 

SMITH,  William  Wallace  2d,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  May  22,  1S88, 
son  of  Arthur  G.  and  Ida  (Lansing)  Smith,  and 
a  descendant  of  James  Smith,  a  weaver,  of  Col- 
linsburg,  Scotland.  William  Wallace  Smith,  grand- 
father of  the  subject,  came  to  America  about 
1832  and  settled  in  Canada,  subsequently  making 
his  way  to  Poughkeepsie.  There,  in  association 
with  his  brothers,  James  and  Andrew  Smith,  he 
began  making  candy  in  a  small  way,  and  from 
this  venture  evolved  the  widely  known  S.  B.  cough 
drop,  which  is  manufactured  by  the  well-known 
company  of  Smith  Brothers  Inc.,  their  product 
being  sold  all  over  the  world.  Arthur  G.  Smith, 
father  of  the  subject,  and  president  of  the  company 
of  Smith  Bros.,  served  as  commissioner  of  char- 
ities for  the  city  of  Poughkeepsie  during  1913-15, 
and  as  president  of  the  board  during  1914-15.  He 
is  also  a  director  in  the  Fallkill  National  Bank 
Poughkeepsie,  and  a  trustee  and  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee  of  Vassar  Brothers'  Hospital. 
William  Wallace  Smith,  2d,  received  his  prelimin- 
ary education  at  Riverview  Military  Academy, 
Poughkeepsie,  and  was  graduated  at  Williams  Col- 
lege in  1910  with  the  degree  A.B.  After  leaving 
that  institution  he  entered  the  factory  of  Smith 
Brothers,  becoming  thoroughly  grounded  in  every 
detail  of  the  manufacture  of  their  product.  In 
1915  he  was  made  manager  of  the  factory,  and 


is  now  (1919)  president  and  general  manager. 
Aside  from  this  interest  he  is  director  in  the  A.  C. 
Dutton  Lumber  Corporation,  wholesale  distributors 
of  Pacific  Coast  lumber  products:  Since  1911  he 
has  been  interested  in  bey  scout  work,  and  for  four 
years  has  been  boy  scout  commissioner  for  Pough- 
keepsie. He  is  a  member  of  Zeta  Psi  and  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  fraternities,  and  of  the  Amrita,  Dutchess 
Golf  and  Country,  Poughkeepsie  Tennis,  and  Uni- 
versity clubs,  Poughkeepsie.  He  is  a  communicant 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  politics  he  is  in- 
dependent. He  married  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  Sept. 
24,  1912,  Olive  Haworth,  daughter  of  William  Lan- 
caster, an  underwriter,  of  Worcester. 

BADGER.OW,  Gordon  Ralph,  lawyer  and 
•realtv  operator,  was  born  in  Scarborough  twp., 
East  York  co.,  Out.,  Can.,  Dec.  25,  1846,  son  of 
Martin  and  Elizabeth  Badgerow.  His  father  was 
a  woolen  manufacturer  and  farmer.  Gordon  R. 
Badgerow  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  later  was  graduated  at  the  business 
college  at  London,  Ontario.  He  studied  law  at 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Fed- 
eral Judge  Shiras;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1876,  and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  For  eight  years 
he  was  deputy  internal  revenue  collector  at  Sioux 
City,  and  for  ten  years  served  as  postmaster.  Be- 
cause of  the  impaired  health  of  Mrs.  Badgerow  he 
visited  Tacoma,  Wash.,  in  1885,  and  during  the 
years  that  followed  he  made  numerous  visits  to 
Tacoma,  buying  and  selling  property,  and  becoming 
a  dominant  factor  in  the  real  estate  field  of  that 
thriving  metropolis.  The  Badgerow  addition  and 
Badgerow  Place,  both  located  in  the  north  end  of 
Tacoma,  bear  his  name.  He  was  an  early  prophet 
of  Tacoma  's  future  growth.  He  appreciated  fully 
the  resources  of  the  district,  and  had  absolute 
faith  in  the  steady  depelopment  of  the  city.  Mr. 
Badgerow 's  chief  hobby  was  his  country  home,  a 
beautiful  estate  upon  West  Okoboji  lake  in  Dickin- 
son county,  Iowa,  which  he  named  Egralharve 
coined  from  the  names  of  his  three  sons.  He 
was  a  member  of  various  clubs  and  social  organ- 
izations, and  his  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  an  active  member  and 
supporter  of  the  Unitarian  Church.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Doon,  Iowa,  Nov.  19,  1872,  to  Adella  S. 
Rogers,  daughter  of  John  Randolph  and  Martha 
Rogers,  of  Berlin,  Wis.,  who  survives  him,  together 
with  three  children:  Egbert  M.,  a  realty  operator 
of  Tacoma;  Ralph  J.,  and  Harve  (G.)  Badgerow, 
of  the  Rockwood-Badgerow  Co.,  Chicago.  Gordon 
Ralph  Badgerow  died  at  Tacoma,  Wash.,  Apr.  30, 
1916. 

HINMAN,  Beach  Isaac,  lawyer  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  Wysox,  Pa.,  May  23,  1829, 
son  of  Abner  Curtis  and  Augusta  E.  (York) 
Hinmau.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  one  of  two  brothers  who  came  from  England 
in  the  early  part  of  the  17th  century  and  settled 
in  Connecticut,  the  line  of  descent  being  traced 
through  several  generations  to  John  Hinman,  a 
native  of  Connecticut  who  became  a  pioneer  set- 
tler at  Towanda,  Pa.,  and  who  was  the  grandfather 
of  Beach  I.  Hinman.  The  founder  of  the  family 
in  America  had  been  one  of  Cromwell's  body- 
guards. On  the  maternal  side  his  ancestry  is 
traced  to  the  house  of  York  in  the  1.1th  century. 
Amos  York,  his  maternal  grandfather,  was  taken 
prisoner  by  the  British  and  Indians  in  1778,  and 
later  was  ransomed  and  returned  to  Philadelphia 
soon  after  the  Wyoming  massacre.  Abner  Curtis 
Hinman,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer. 
Beach  '1.  Hinmau  became  a  student  at  Towanda 


284 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Academy,  and  Franklin  University,  in  Susquehanna 
county,  Pa.  At  nineteen  he  was  sent  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  latter  institution  to  teach  a  school 
near  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  while  so  employed  he 
studied  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1857,  and  in  that  year  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Minnesota.  During  1S60- 
62  he  was  associated  with  his  brother,  Washington 
M.  Hinman,  in  the  operation  of  the  latter 's  ranch 
near  the  present  site  of  North  Platte,  Neb.  He 
resumed  his  law  practice,  at  Plattsmouth,  Neb., 
in  I¥(i2,  but  two  years  later  went  to  Montana, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  prospecting  and  mining 
operations  until  1S68,  when  he  returned  to  Neb- 
raska, settling  in  Lincoln  county.  Upon  the  found- 
ing of  the  town  of  North  Platte,  in  1869,  he  located 
there;  engaged  in  mercantile  operations  for  a 
year,  and  then  resumed  his  law  practice,  in  which 
he  continued  active  until  1S90.  As  a  lawyer  he 
gained  a  wide  reputation  for  integrity  and  faithful 
devotion  to  the  interests  of  a  large  clientele.  He 
was  counsel  for  the  defense  in  no  less  than  thirty- 
five  homicide  cases,  and  of  this  number  but  two 
were  given  the  death  sentence,  and  on  appeal  the 
verdicts  of  the  lower  courts  were  reversed  by  the 
supreme  court,  one  of  the  defendants  being  set 
free,  and  the  other,  on  second  trial,  found  guilty 
of  manslaughter.  Among  the  most  famous  of 
these  cases  was  that  of  Manning,  charged  with 
killing  his  sister.  He  defended  Manning,  secured 
his  release,  and  although  the  .judge  of  the  court 
and  others  complimented  him  for  his  able  handling 
of  the  case,  a  mob  gathered  and  threatened  to 
lynch  the  subject.  When  Olive,  a  wealthy  cattle- 
man, was  tried  at  Hastings  for  murder,  mobs 
gathered  for  the  purpose  of  lynching  both  him  and 
his  counsel,  but  the  subject  and  his  associates  with- 
stood their  clamor  and  finally  secured  the  freedom 
of  their  client.  He  was  delegate  to  the  Nebraska 
constitutional  conventions  of  1871  and  1875,  and 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1877,  being  elected 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  from  strong  Republican 
districts.  In  1884  he  was  delegate  to  the  Demo- 
cratic national  convention.  He  was  twice  a  candi- 
date for  district  judge.  He  was  also  widely  known 
for  his  philanthropic  spirit.  His  method  in  a.^ist- 
ing  the  poor  was  to  aid  them  in  securing  lionies. 
He  parceled  a  large  tract  of  land  in  small  sections, 
in  Lincoln  county,  and  permitted  many  families  to 
settle  thereupon  by  paying  him  exceedingly  small 
monthly  instalments.  He  was  a  communicant  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  He  found  his  chief  recre- 
ation in  traveling  and  hunting.  He  was  a  member 
of  various  bar  associations.  He  was  married  at 
Plattsmouth,  Neb.,  Nov.  2,  1869,  to  Sarah  E., 
daughter  of  James  Minshall,  a  farmer,  of  Platts- 
mouth; she  survives,  with  three  children:  Curtis, 
a  stockman,  of  North  Platte,  Neb.;  Cora  H.  (now 
deceased) ,  and  Miner  Hinman,  aa  auto  salesman 
of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  died  at  North  Platte, 
Sept.  10,  1905. 

STEDMAN,  Aexander,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Kinross,  Scotland,  in  170.'!,  son  of  Robert  Stedman. 
He  was  well  educated  both  in  the  classics  and  in 
law,  and  came  to  have  a  special  reputation  as  a 
mathematician.  In  1745  he  and  his  family,  who 
had  been  Jacobites,  joined  the  uprising  led  by 
Prince  Charles,  and  after  the  battle  of  Culloden 
he  was  made  a  prisoner.  He  escaped,  however, 
and  came  to  America  shortly  afterwards,  settling 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  soon  became  a 
prominent  citizen.  On  Oct.  5,  1756,  he  became 
a  judge  of  the  city  court,  and  on  April  8,  1758, 
succeeded  Judge  William  Coleman  as  president 
judge  of  the  county  court  of  common  pleas,  and 


of  the  orphans'  court  on  the  following  9th  of 
December.  After  six  years  of  excellent  service  iu 
this  position  he  was  appointed  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania,  Mar.  21,  1764. 
He  and  his  brother  had  large  estates  in  Lancaster 
county,  which  in  1758  became  the  property  of 
Baron  Stiegel,  who  laid  out  Maulieim  upon  it. 
After  an  aide  administration  of  justice  on  the 
supreme  bench  for  nearly  ten  years,  he  was  among 
those  who  fell  under  suspicion  of  the  radical  gov- 
ernment of  Pennsylvania,  and  on  the  declaration 
of  independence  in  1776  withdrew  to  New  York 
and  finally  to  England,  and  was  among  those 
whom  that  state  government  attainted  with  trea- 
son. He  was  an  active  vestryman  in  Christ 
Church,  and  was  one  of  the  last  trustees  of  the 
old  College  of  Philadelphia.  HU  wife  was  Eliza- 
beth, a  daughter  of  William  Chancellor  of  Peres- 
fortt;  Somerset,  England,  and  his  two  sons  be- 
came Pennsylvania  lawyers  also.  One  of  them, 
Charles,  a  commissary  under  Gen.  Howe,  became 
the  Tory  historian  of  the  revolution.  Judge  Sted- 
man died  in  Swansea  in  1794. 

DEAN,  William  George,  banker,  was  born  at 
Pulteney  N.  Y.,  Mar.  1,  1S68,  son  of  George  R.  and 
Jennie  (Godfrey)  Dean.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  one  of  two  brothers,  John 
and  Walter  Deane,  who  came  from  South  Chard, 
near  Taunton,  Somersetshire,  England,  in  1638, 
and  settled  at  Taunton,  Mass.  Prorii  one  of  them 
{he  line  of  descent  is  traced  to  William  Dean  and 
his  wife,  Hannah,  who  in  1762  occupied  a  large 
tract  of  the  Phillipse  patent,  near  Carinel,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y. ;  their  son,  John,  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Niles,  to  their  son,  William  N.,  and  his  wife, 
Polly  (or  Mary)  Terry,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  William  George  Dean.  John  Dean,  a  farmer, 
served  in  the  French  and  Indian  war,  and  was 
with  Wolfe  at  Quebec.  The  old  musket  which  he 
carried  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  family. 
Subsequently  he  served  in  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion, as  private  in  Capt.  Baker's  company  of  Col. 
Luden ton's  (Luddington's)  7th  regiment  of  Dut- 
chess county  militia.  He  made  a  tour  of  inspection 
of  Stouben  county  on  horseback,  and  later  moved 
through  the  "beechwoods,"  settling  at  Pulteney. 
His  son,  Dr.  William  N.  Dean,  a  native  of  Red 
Mills,  N.  Y.,  was  a  man  of  strong  mind  and  pur- 
pose, ranking  high  in  the  medical  profession ;  his 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Terry,  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  George  R.  Dean, 
father  of  the  subject,  early  joined  the  gold  rush 
to  California.  He  remained  there  and  in  Nevada 
for  thirteen  years,  engaged  in  mining,  business 
pursuits,  held  various  public  offices,  became  an 
Indian  fighter,  and  participated  in  many  stirring 
events  on  the  frontier.  At  fourteen  William  George 
Dean  went  to  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y.,  to  make  his 
home  with  his  maternal  grandfather,  Harry  God- 
frey, a  successful  farmer,  lawyer  and  financier. 
Upon  the  latter  's  death  the  management  and  set- 
tlement of  a  large  estate  devolved  upon  him,  and 
he  was  forced  to  relinquish  long  cherished  plans 
for  a  college  education,  but  this  work  gave  him 
valuable  business  training.  He  also  engaged  in 
the  insurance  and  real  estate  business.  In  1904, 
in  association  with  Dr.  Robert  J.  Scott,  he  bought 
the  private  banking  business  of  W.  Frank  Mc- 
Lean, at  Prattsburgh,  and  organized  the  Pratts- 
burgh  State  Bank,  of  which  institution  he  became 
the  president.  In  191.'!  he  became  cashier  of 
the  Bath  (N.  Y.)  National  Bank,  organized  in 
1912,  and  was  elected  president  ia  1916.  At  his 
death  he  was  also  interested  in  the  Rushrille  (N. 
Y.)  State  Bank,  and  iu  the  Livingston  County 


_ 


*.~  •:  •  . 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


285 


Trust  Co.,  Geneseo,  N.  Y.  In  early  manhood  he 
was  elected  to  several  town  offices,  serving  for 
/ears  as  justice  of  the  peace.  For  twenty  j-ears  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  Franklin  "Academy, 
Prattsburgh,  and  its  president  for  several  years. 
He  was  president  of  the  American  College  Society, 
-Bath,  and  of  the  Monday  Club,  Bath,  a  literary 
society;  was  a  32d  degree  Mason;  a  member  of 
the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  the 
Southern  Tier  Automobile  Federation.  He  was 
a  trustee,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  Prattsburgh, 
and  had  been  superintendent  of  its  Sunday  sfchool. 
He  was  active  in  such  and  brotherhood  bible  class 
work  at  Bath,  and  was  a  familiar  figure  at  gather- 
ings of  the  county  Sunday  school  association. 
While  banking  was  his  principal  business,  he  em- 
braced every  opportunity  to  further  the  industrial 
and  social  interests  of  the  city  and  the  community. 
In  social  circles  he  was  always  an  attractive  per- 
sonality. With  him  courtesy  and  consideration 
were  second  nature.  His  was  a  strong,  manly 
nature,  united  to  the  highest  culture  of  the  human 
heart,  without  the  least  ostentation,  and  he  greatly 
enjoyed  the  society  of  his  friends.  He  married 
at  Geneseo,  N.  Y.,  Dee.  3,  1913,  Mary  Esther, 
daughter  of  Francis  G.  Hotchkin,  a  teacher,  then 
of  Geneseo.  Her  great-grandfather  was  Dr.  Wil- 
liam N.  Dean.  Mrs.  Dean,  who  survives  her  hus- 
band, was  educated  at  Franklin  Academy,  Pratts- 
burgh, and  at  New  York  State  Normal  School, 
Geneseo  ('06).  William  George  Dean  died  at 
Bath,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  4,  1917. 

COOK,  Frederick,  financier,  was  born  at  Wild- 
bad,  Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  Dec.  2,  1833.  Or- 
phaned at  the  age  of  twelve  he  came  to  the  United 
States  three  years  Inter  to  live  with  a  married 
sister  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  apprenticed  to  a 
shoemaker  in  that  city,  beginning  with  ten  dollars 
a  year  in  cash  and  with  board,  lodging  and  shoes; 
but  he  was  released  from  his  apprenticeship  before 
his  term  was  up,  having  become  convinced  that  he 
was  not  intended  for  a  shoemaker.  Removing 
to  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  it  was  not  long  before  he  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  D.  W.  Tomlinson,  presi- 
dent of  the  Bank  of  Batavia,  who  was  interested 
in  local  railway  lines.  He  secured  for  young  Cook, 
then  in  his  seventeenth  year,  a  place  as  brakeman 
on  what  was  at  that  time  the  Buffalo  &  Rochester 
railroad.  While  thus  engaged  he  mad 3  the  ac- 
quaintance of  George  M.  Pullman,  ar.c!  the  ac- 
quaintance then  formed  soon  ripened  into  a  friend- 
ship which  lasted  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Pullman. 
Becoming  convinced  that  the  Pullm'an  Car  Co.  had 
a  great  future  before  it,  Mr.  Cook  from  time  to 
time  invested  his  savings  in  it.  This  was  the  first 
of  his  important  investments,  and  proved  to  be 
the  foundation  of  his  fortune.  For  the  next 
twenty  years  Mr.  Cook  was  engaged  in  various 
branches  of  railroading,  with  headquarters  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  displayed  considerable  execu- 
tive ability  and  an  all-round  genius  for  business, 
which  resulted  in  his  becoming  president  of  the 
Rochester  German  Insurance  Co.  in  1ST6,  a  posi- 
tion he  held  until  his  death.  In  1882  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Bank  of  Rochester,  now  the  Ger- 
man-American Bank,  and  in  1885  became  trustee 
of  the  Rochester  Savings  Bank.  He  possessed  a 
prodigious  capacity  for  work,  and  few  men  had 
such  a  multiplicity  of  interests  engaging  their 
active  attention  as  Mr.  Cook.  He  was  at  various 
times  president  of  the  Rochester  Railway  Co.,  the 
Rochester  Telephone  Co.,  the  Title  &  Guarantee 
Co.  of  Rochester,  the  Rochester  &  Sodus  Railway 
Co.,  the  Ohme  Fare  Register  Co.  and  the  Rochester 
Driving  Park.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  Gen- 


eral Railway  Signal  Co.,  and  the  Bartholomew 
Brewing  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the  Rochester  Rail- 
way and  Light  C<i.,  the  Rochester  Trust  and 
Safe  Deposit  Co.,  the  American  Fruit  Product  Co., 
the  Stromberg-Carlson  Telegraph  Manufacturing 
Co.,  and  the  New  York  and  Kentucky  Co.  Despite 
these  manifold  business  activities,  Mr.  Cook  found 
time  to  devote  to  local  politics  and  civic  affairs. 
As  early  as  1870  he  was  appointed  excise  com- 
missioner of  Rochester;  two  years  later  he  was 
Democratic  nominee  for  mayor.  He  was  delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  conventions  of  1876  ami 
1880.  In  1885  he  was  elected  secretary  of  state 
of  New  York,  and  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term 
two  years  later.  He  fulfilled  the  duties  of  this 
position  most  acceptably,  and  would  have  received 
a  third  nomination,  but  declined  to  serve  further. 
Subsequently  on  two  occasions  he  was  urged  to 
accept  the  candidacy  for  governor  of  the  state. 
Gov.  Hoffman  appointed  him  colonel  of  the  7th 
division,  N.  G.,  N.  Y.,  with  the  titlo  of  judge- 
advocate  in  1872,  and  in  1875  ho  became  adjutant- 
general  and  chief  of  staff  of  the  same  division. 
Gov.  Cornell  appointed  him  a  manager  of  the 
Western  Home  of  Refuge  in  1880,  and  in  1891 
Gov.  Hill  appointed  him  on  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  Rochester  State  Hospital,  of  which  ho  served 
as  chairman.  He  was  also  a  manager  of  the  Ro- 
chester Gorman  Home  for  the  Aged.  He  was  a 
thirty-second  degree  Mason.  Although  German  by 
birth,  he  was  a  most  loyal  American.  Mr.  Cook 
was  not  only  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  Ro- 
chester, but  was  one  of  the  most  popular,  being 
distinguished  alike  for  hia  business  ability,  his 
public  spirit,  broad  philanthropy,  and  rare  personal 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  which  endeared  him 
to  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  business  associates. 
He  was  twice  married,  (I),  in  1863,  to  Catharine 
Y.iky  of  Rome,  N.  Y. ;  she  died  in  1864,  and  he 
was  married  (II),  ia  1865,  to  Barbara  Ague,  by 
whom  he  had  one  daughter,  Frederica  Louise,  wife 
of  Augustus  Masters  Maedonell.  Mr.  Cook  died 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  17,  1905. 

BROWN,  Clarence  Archie,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  9,  I860,  son  of  Comfort 
Simmons  and  Huldah  Selina  (Hopkins)  Brown, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  Brown,  who  came  to 
this  country  from  Holland  and  settled  at  Ply- 
mouth, Mass^  in  1626;  from  him  and  his  wife 

Dorothy ,    the    line    of    descent    is    traced 

through  their  son  John  and  his  wife;  their  son 
John  and  hs  wife  Ann  Mason;  their  son  John  and 
his  wife  Abigail  Cole;  their  son  James  and  his 

wife  Ruth  ;   their  sou  James  and  his  wife 

Mary  Anthony;  their  son  Jonathan  and  his  wife 
Achsah  Arnold;  and  their  son  William  and  his 
wife  Lurana  Simmons,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Clarence  Archie  Brown.  John  Brown, 
settler,  was  deputy  governor  of  the  Plymouth 
colony  and  commissioner  to  the  Indians ;  John  (3) 
was  a  captain  in  King  Phillip's  war,  and  Jonathan 
(7)  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  the  revolution. 
Comfort  Simmons  Brown,  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  teacher.  The  son  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Elmira,  and  was  graduated 
at  Elmira  Free  Academy  in  1876.  Directly  after 
leaving  school  he  was  employed  as  a  bookkeeper 
by  the  firm  of  Brown  &  Roy,  Elmira,  dealers  in 
agricultural  implements.  In  1880  he  became  a 
traveling  salesman  for  a  wholesale  grocery  house 
located  at  St.  Louis,  Mich.,  and  subsequently  en- 
gaged in  the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  business  at 
Sioux  City,  la.  Later  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
which  continued  to  be  his  home  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  For  a  time  he  was  engaged  in 


286 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


the  real  estate  business  in  Minneapolis,  but  it  was 
not  until  he  had  entered  the  grain  business  that 
he  found  the  work  for  which  he  was  peculiarly 
fitted.  Discontinuing  the  real  estate  business,  he 
became  a  bookkeeper  for  G.  W.  Van  Dusen  & 
Co.,  grain  dealers  of  the  Minneapolis  market. 
Soon  thereafter  he  transferred  his  services  to  the 
St.  Anthony  &  Dakota  Elevator  Co.,  which  was 
organized  in  1886  with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000- 
000,  and  is  the  owner  of  175  grain  elevators  and 
60  lumber  yards  in  the  states  of  Minnesota,  North 
Dakota,  Montana  and  Nebraska.  He  was  success- 
ful from  the  outset  in  his  new  position  and  was 
promoted  rapidly,  being  elected  secretary  and  a 
director  of  this  company  in  1892.  He  also  became 
vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the  Brown  Grain 
Co.,  Minneapolis,  a  grain  commission  house  or- 
ganized in  1908,  Tvith  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000, 
and  which,  in  19U,  had  a  surplus  of  $100,000.  In 
1907  he  became  general  manager  of  the  St.  An- 
thony &  Dakota  Elevator  Co.,  and  in  1914  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  company,  which  posi- 
tions he  occupied  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr. 
Brown  was  a  business  man  of  high  character,  in- 
telligent, upright  and  enjoying  life  to  its  fullest 
capacity.  He  was  admired  and  loved  by  all  with 
whom  he  came  in  contact,  his  fine  business  judg- 
ment and  probity  of  nature  making  him  a  power 
for  good  in  every  avenue  which  he  chose  to  enter. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Minneapolis,  Minuekahda, 
Lafayette,  Minneapolis  Athletic  and  Curling  clubs, 
and  was  an  active  member  of  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution.  His  favorite  recreation  was 
golf.  He  was  married  Apr.  25,  1882,  to  Ellen 
Beulah,  daughter  of  Edward  H.  Andrews,  an  artist 
of  Clinton,  Iowa;  they  had  six  children:  Hazel, 
v.ho  married  Erie  D.  Luce,  president  of  the  Electric 
Short  Line  Railway  Co.;  Clarence  Jay,  an  archi- 
tect; Helen,  who  married  Oscar  F.  Woodrich,  an 
engineer  and  contractor,  Minneapolis;  Wayland  H., 
Comfort  E.,  and  Dorothy  Brown.  The  three  sous 
all  served  as  officers  in  the  U.  S.  army  during  the 
war  with  Germany.  He  died  in  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
Nov.  10,  1917. 

SMITH,  Lee  Stewart,  dentist  and  manufac- 
turer was  born  at  Cadiz,  O.,  Apr.  24,  1S44,  son  of 
Wesley  and  Mary  Eliza  (Ford)  Smith.  His  father, 
a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and 
of  Scotch-Irish  parentage,  came  to  this  country 
from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1817.  His  mother, 
who  was  of  English  ancestry,  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania. The  son  studied  dentistry  and  practiced 
for  a  time,  finally  relinquishing  his  practice  to 
enter  the  business  of  manufacturing  and  dealing 
in  dental  supplies.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  the 
Union  army,  joining  the  First  Pennsylvania  artil- 
lery, later  "re-enlisting  in  the  101st  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  infantry.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
discharged  with  the  rank  of  sergeant.  He  is  a  char- 
ter member  and  past  commander  of  Post  No.  3, 
G.  A.  R.,  Dept.  of  Pa.  In  the  reorganization  of 
the  National  Guard  of  Pennsylvania  at  the  close 
of  the  civil  war,  he  was  appointed  assistant  adju- 
tant general  of  the  2d  brigade,  with  the  rank  of 
maior,  later  resigning  to  become  major  of  the 
14th  regiment,  national  guard  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
August,  1866,  he  joined  Franklin  Lodge  No.  221, 
F.  &  A.  M.  of  Pittsburgh,  and  his  rise  in  Free- 
masonry has  been  steady  since  that  time.  He  was 
a  warrant  member  and  first  worshipful  master  of 
Bellevue  Lodge  No.  530,  F.&A.M.  He  is  a  member 
of  Duquesne  Royal  Arch  Chapter  No.  193,  and  took 
his  Royal  Arch  Mason's  degree  in  this  chapter. 
He  took  his  cryptic  degrees  in  Allegheny  Council 
No.  38,  and  his  orders  of  knighthood  in  Allegheny 


Commandery  No.  35,  Knights  Templar,  in  1871. 
In  1878  he  became  commander  of  that  eom- 
mandery.  His  further  steps  in  Templardom  were 
marked  by  his  rise  in  the  grand  eommandery  of 
Pennsylvania  as  follows:  Appointed  grand  sword 
bearer  of  the  Grand  Commaudery  of  Pennsylvania, 
1880;  elected  grand  junior  warden,  1883;  elected 
grand  senior  warden,  1S84;  elected  captain  gen- 
eral, 18S5;  elected  grand  generalissimo,  1886; 
elected  deputy  grand  commander,  1887 ;  elected 
grand  commander  of  Knights  Templar  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1888;  appointed  to  committee  to  revise 
the  ritual  of  the  grand  encampment,  1SS9 — report 
adopted  1892;  past  president  Masonic  Veterans  of 
Western  Pennsylvania;  received  several  grades  of 
the  Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  in  Pittsburgh 
bodies  in  1875;  illustrious  commander-in-chief  of 
Pennsylvania  Consistory,  32d  degree,  1896;  re- 
ceived" 33d  degree  in  1S90;  appointed  grand  stan- 
dard bearer  of  Grand  Encampment  of  the  United 
States,  Knights  Templar,  1898;  he  was  elected 
grand  senior  Warden  in  1907;  grand  captain-gen- 
eral in  1910;  deputy  grand  master,  1913;  grand 
master,  1916;  and  was  chairman,  of  committee  on 
correspondence  of  Grand  Commandery  of  Pennsyl- 
vania for  nineteen  years.  Mr.  Smith  was  president 
of  the  Pittsburgh  Chamber  of  Commerce  from 
1909  to  1911,  and  a  member  of  its  board  of  direc- 
tors for  fifteen  years.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic 
six  times  and  visited  nearly  every  country  in 
Europe;  toured  Egypt,  the  Holy  Land,  the  West 
Indies,  South  America  and  Mexico,  as  well  as  the 
United  States.  He  is  an  author  and  lecturer.  His 
works  are:  "Through  Egypt  to  the  Holy  Land," 
and  "Round  the  World  Towards  the  Western 
Sun."  His  clubs  are  Duquesue  and  Athletic  of 
Pittsburgh.  He  has  been  twice  married:  (1)  Oct. 
15,  1808,  to  Agnes  S.,  daughter,  of  Capt.  John 
Wolf,  of  Allegheny,  Pa.;  there  was  one  child  of 
this  marriage,  a  son,  W.  Linford  Smith.  Mrs. 
Fmith  died  in  1905,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Dec. 
5,  1912,  to  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Applegate,  of  Sewickley, 
Pa.  (Picture  opposite  page  2S7.) 

DUNCAN,  Simeon  Win-field  Scott,  civil  en- 
gineer and  promoter,  was  born  in  Hardin  county 
Ky.,  Oct.  22,  1S48,  son  of  James  A.  and 
Catherine  (Daugherty)  Duncan,  and  of  Scotch 
descent.  His  father,  "a  native  of  Virginia,  became 
a  merchant  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1S57,  and  in  1870 
removed  to  Texas,  locating  at  Jefferson ;  in  1875 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  Grayson  county,  and 
subsequently  settled  at  Dallas.  Simeon  W.  S. 
Duncan  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, Lexington,  in  1868.  In  1871  he  began  a 
business  career  in  Dallas  as  bookkeeper  for  the 
pioneer  mercantile  firm  of  Clark  &  Bryan.  He 
resigned  the  following  year  and  took  a  contract 
to  survey  the  town,  completing  this  work  in  three 
months,  at  the  time  of  the  completion  of  the  first 
railroad  into  Dallas,  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central. 
From  this  survey  he  made  the  first  map  of  Dallas, 
and  from  that  time  forward  was  engaged  in  the 
land  business,  abstracting  of  titles,  and  in  general 
surveying  and  engineering  work,  serving  two  terms 
as  city  engineer  and  one  term  as  county  surveyor. 
From  1883  he  engaged  exclusively  in  the  abstract 
business,  being  one  of  the  pioneer  abstractors  of 
north  Texas.  He  was  an  active  worker  for  the 
development  of  Dallas.  By  an  amendment  to  a 
charter  granted  by  the  Texas  legislature  to  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad  in  1871  that  road  was 
made  to  run  through  Dallas  instead  of  Tyler  and 
Corsicana,  on  the  32d  parallel,  as  previously  re- 
quired by  other  charters.  For  this  great  highway 
to  the  Pacific  slope  to  have  crossed  the  Houston  & 


LEE  S.  SMITH 
DENTIST 


Si; MI- ON  W.  S.  DUNCAN 

CIVIL   ENGINEER 


.      ' 

i 


ALBERT  P.  BRIGHAM 
GEOLOGIST 


ORLANDO  B.  Tl'RRELL 
BANKER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


2*7 


Texas  Central  Railroad  at  Corsicana  probably 
would  have  made  that  city  the  great  commercial 
center  of  north  Texas.  The  road  was  unwilling  to 
ask  for  a  change  of  route  unless  for  some  very 
potent  reason.  To  provide  this  reason  Simeon 
Duncan  and  the  leading  business  men  of  Dallas 
organized  a  railroad  company  to  build  from  Dal- 
las to  Jefferson,  the  head  of  navigation  on 
Cypress  Bayou,  and  obtained  a  charter.  Realizing 
the  meaning  of  this  move  tlie  officials  of  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  immediately  became  interested  and 
agreed  to  a  change  of  route  if  it  could  be  effected. 
Mr.  Duncan  prepared  the  needed  amendment, 
which  provided  that  the  Texas  &  Pacific  road 
should  not  pass  further  than  one  mile  from  Brow- 
der  Springs.  ^To  one  enquired  about  the  location 
of  these  springs,  and  after  the  amendment  had 
been  passed  it  developed  that  they  were  situated 
in  what  is  now  Dallas  City  Park.  Thus  Dallas 
was  assured  the  road,  which  was  built  through 
that  city.  Mr.  Duncan  began  the  campaign  to 
secure  the  canalization  of  the  Trinity  river,  with 
a  view  to  reducing  freight  rates,  and  until  his 
death  was  closely  identified  with  every  phase  of 
the  development  of  the  project.  He  became 
known  as  the  father  of  Trinity  river  navigation, 
and  in  recognition  of  untiring  efforts  in  behalf 
of  the  movement,  his  fellow  citizens  bestowed 
upon  him  the  title  of  "Commodore''  Duncan.  He 
succeeded  in  having  a  new  engineering  district 
created  with  headquarters  in  Dallas,  and  he 
watched  with  deep  interest  the  completion  of 
each  step  undertaken  to  give  Dallas  a  water 
course  for  navigation  to  the  Mexican  gulf.  He 
made  numerous  trips  up  and  down  the  river, 
and  the  boat,  the  "Commodore  Duncan,"  was 
named  in  his  honor.  He  was  a  prime  mover  in 
securing  the  erection  of  the  viaduct  connecting 
Dallas  and  Oak  Cliff,  and  for  this  work  the  busi- 
ness men  of  Greater  Dallas  gave  him  a  loving  cup, 
in  1009.  In  1911  he  retired  from  active  business. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Dallas  chamber  of  com- 
merce and  manufacturers '  association,  and  others. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic 
party.  He  was  essentially  a  man  of  action,  and 
at  all  times  ready  to  lend  his  co-operation  in  the 
furtherance  of  measures  and  enterprises  for  the 
benefit  of  the  community.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Denia  Bullian,  in  April,  1883;  she  died  in  1915. 
There  is  one  child:  Josephine  Duncan,  Dallas.  He 
died  at  Dallas,  Tex.,  Oct.  26,  1916. 

BKIGHAM,  Albert  Perry,  clergyman,  geol- 
ogist and  educator,  was  burn  at  Perry,  N.  Y.  June 
12,  1855,  sou  of  Horace  Ames  and  Julia  ( Perry) 
Brigham.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Thomas  Brigham,  who  came  from  Holme-on- 
Spalding-Moor,  Yorkshire,  England,  in  1635,  and 
settled  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  His  wife  was  Mercy 
Hurd,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Howe;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Abigail 
Moore;  their  sou  George  and  his  wife  Mary  Bragg; 
their  son  Phineas  and  his  wife  Susanna  Howe; 
their  son  Phineas  Brigham  and  his  wife  Susau 
Ames,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Albert  Perry 
Brigham.  Samuel  Brigham  (II)  founded  a  tan- 
ning and  shoe  trade  at  Marlboro,  Mass.  George 
Brigham  (IV)  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety  and  of  the  general  court.  Horace  Ames 
Brigham,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer. 
Albert  Perry  Brigham  received  his  preliminary 
education  at  Perry  Academy.  He  was  graduated 
at  Madison  (now  Colgate)  University  iu  1879,  with 
the  deg-ee  A.B..  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from 
that  institution  in  1SS2.  He  was  a  student  at 


H:iiiiill(.n  Theological  Seminary  during  1879-82, 
and  in  the  latter  year  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist 
ministry.  He  was  pastor  of  Baptist  churches  at 
Stillwater,  X.  Y.,  during  1882-85,  and  at  Utica. 
X.  Y.,  during  1SS5-91.  He  was  a  graduate  student 
at  Harvard  University  during  1891-92,  receiving 
the.  Harvard  degree  A.M.  iu  the  latter  year,  and 
since  that  year  has  been  professor  of  geology  at 
Colgate  University.  He  was  instructor  in  geology, 
Harvard  Summer  School,  in  1X91,  1894-95  arid 
1900;  professor  of  geography  Cornell  University 
Summer  Sessions,  1901-04;  professor  of  geography 
University  of  Wisconsin  Summer  School,  1906; 
gave  courses  of  lectures  on  American  geography 
in  the  School  of  Geography  of  Oxford  (Eng.) 
University,  1908  and  1914;  was  chief  examiner  in 
geography,  college  entrance  examining  board  dur- 
ing 1H02-13,  ami  examiner  in  geography  Xew  York 
state  educational  drjiai tment  during  1911-19.  He 
was  secretary  (1904-13)  aud  president  (1914)  As- 
sociation of  American  Geographers;  president 
(1905)  Xew  York  State  Science  Teachers"  Associa- 
tion, and  a  fellow  of  the  Geological  Society  of 
America  and  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Science  from  Syracuse  Uni- 
versity in,  1918,  and  was  president  of  the  National 
Council  of  Geography  Teachers  in  1918  and  1919. 
He  is  author  of  "Text  Book  of  Geology,"  (D. 
Appletou  &  Co.,  1900)  ;  "Introduction  to  Physical 
Geography,"  (ibid,  1902);  "Geographic  Influ- 
ences in  American  History,"  (Ginii  &  Co.,  1903)  ; 
"Students'  Laboratory  Manual  of  Physical  Ge- 
ography," (D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  1905);  "From 
Trail  to  Railway  Through  the  Appalachians," 
(Gins  &  Co.,  1906);  "Commercial  Geography," 
(ibid,  1911),  and  "Essentials  of  Geography," 
(American  Book  Co.,  1916).  He  is  the  author  of 
many  papers  in  educational  and  scientific  journals 
and  proceedings;  is  a  contributor  to  the  "Xew 
International  Encyclopedia"  aud  "Cyclopedia  of 
American  Government,"  and  he  is  contributing 
editor  of  the  "Geographical  Review"  and  "Jour- 
nal of  Geography."  His  favorite  pursuits  are  the 
study  of  glacial  geology,  physiography  and  human 
geography,  and  he  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
travel,  and  has  had  several  years  of  residence  in 
Europe.  Ho  was  married  at  Amsterdam,  N.  Y., 
June  27,  ISNiJ,  to  Flora,  daughter  of  Charles  Pier- 
son  Wiuegar,  lawyer  and  editor  of  Amsterdam, 
X.  Y.  They  hare  one  child:  Elizabeth  (1*95), 
who  married  Lawrence  Valentine  Roth,  of  An- 
dover,  Mass. 

TURREIX,  Orlando  Beach,  banker,  realty  op- 
erator and  agriculturist,  was  born  near  Danbury, 
( dim.,  Sept.  15,  1834,  sou  of  Ephraim  ami  Esther 
(Higgins)  Turrell.  His  father,  a  shoemaker,  re- 
moved to  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1842.  Orlando  B. 
Turrell  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Putnam  county.  From  the  age  of  eight  lie  was 
self-supporting.  At  thirteen  he  began  working  in 
a  general  store,  which  not  only  carried  groceries, 
general  merchandise  and  drugs,  but  was  also  the 
postoftice  and  bank  for  the  community.  Here  he 
remained  until  1858,  when  he  decided  to  go  West 
and  located  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  having  a  position  iu 
a  bank.  Associating  with  a  group  of  then  prominent 
St.  Paul  men,  and  others,  he  later  organized  the 
Marine  Bank  of  that  city.  At  the  same  time  he 
engaged  in  real  estate  operations.  Minnesota  had 
just  passed  into  statehood;  its  credit  was  at  a  low 
ebb;  and  this,  with  the  civil  war  years  that  fol- 
lowed, made  banking  an  unsettled  and  doubtful 
business.  Nevertheless,  the  Marine  Bank  weathered 
the  storm  for  many  years.  Mr.  Turrell  eventually 


288 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


retired  from  the  institution,  to  give  his  entire 
time  and  attention  to  realty  investments  and  op- 
erations. In  1870  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Robert  P.  Lewis,  St.  Paul,  to  carry  out  a  big 
development  project  in  Redwood  county,  Minn., 
where  they  set  about  to  improve  and  dispose  of  a 
16,000-acre  tract.  The  Indian  danger  was  past, 
the  memories  of  the  uprising  were  fading  away, 
and  a  great  influx  of  homesteaders  was  expected 
in  Redwood  county.  However,  because  of  the  long 
haul;  because  of  the  fact  that  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  offered  special  inducements  to  settlers  in 
Dakota ;  also  because  of  a  grasshopper  plague, 
which  continued  through  several  years,  prospects  in 
that  section  were  blighted.  But  Mr.  Turrell  's  faith 
in  Redwood  county  never  abated,  and  he  stayed  on 
to  become  a  dominant  factor  in  every  public  move- 
ment, and  the  recipient  of  many  political  honors. 
He  was  a  county  commissioner  during  1878-82,  and 
his  four  years  of  service  were  actively  progressive 
years  for  Redwood  county.  He  served  in  the  legis- 
latures of  1883,  1885,  1891  and  1893,  and  in  the 
latter  year  was  one  of  two  prominent  candidates 
for  speaker.  During  the  same  session  he  waged 
a  fight  for  a  new  state  capitol  and  is  credited  by 
many  with  initiating  the  movement  that  gave 
Minnesota  its  present  splendid  state  house.  In 
1892  he  was  a  candidate  for  congressional 
nomination  in  the  2d  Minnesota  district.  Even- 
tually he.  closed  out  nearly  all  of  his  farm 
lands,  and  removing  to  Redwood  Falls,  Minn., 
was  the  chief  factor  in  the  organization  of 
what  was  known  as  the  Citizens'  Bank  of  Red- 
wood Falls.  He  retired  from  active  business  cares 
in  1*95;  and  while  continuing  to  make  Redwood 
Falls  his  home,  secured  a  tract  at  Ryder,  N.  D., 
where  he  spent  considerable  time.  His  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  driving  a  span 
of  horses  and  for  several  years  he  did  considerable 
hunting.  He  was  liberal  in  his  gifts  to  philan- 
thropy, sympathetic,  tactful,  and  unusually  culti- 
vated. He  appreciated  fully  the  resources  of 
that  section  of  Minnesota  at  a  time  when  others 
hesitated,  and  had  absolute  faith  in  its  steady 
development.  He  was  married  in  Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  3,  1857,  to  Harriet  Anjavine,  daughter  of 
James  Smith,  a  farmer,  of  Putnam  county;  she 
survives  him,  with  two  children:  Robert  A.,  a, 
civil  engineer  with  the  Great  Northern  Railway, 
Seattle,  Wash.,  and  Luella  Turrell,  assistant  prin- 
cipal of  the  Redwood  Falls  high  school.  He  died 
at  Redwood  Falls,  Minn.,  Mar.  11,  1917. 

CARPENTER,  Emlen  Newbold,  gentleman, 
was  born  at  "Phil-Ellena"  (his  father's  country 
seat),  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  18, 
1845,  son  of  George  W.  and  Ellen  (Douglas)  Car- 
penter, and  great-grandson  of  Miles  Carpenter  who 
came  from  England  and  settled  in  Germantown 
about  1740;  he  married  Mary  Steer,  and  their  son 
Conrad,  one  of  the  organizers  and  first  directors 
of  the  Germantown  Bank,  married  Ann  Adams  and 
was  the  grandfather  of  Emlen  N.  Carpenter.  His 
mother  was  the  granddaughter  of  Capt.  John 
Douglas,  of  the  llth  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  who 
equipped  his  own  company  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
revolutionary  war;  she  was  also  a  descendant  of 
Joseph  Nilsson,  one  of  the  Swedish  settlers  living 
in  Philadelphia  at  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  Will- 
iam Penn.  His  father  was  a  very  successful  mer- 
chant and  man  of  large  affairs,  a  scientist  and 
writer  on  mineralogy,  and  treasurer  of  the  Aca- 
demy of  Sciences  from  his  twenty-sixth  year  until 
Ms  death;  he  took  part  in  all  the  activities  of  his 


time,  was  prominent  in  organizing  the  Pennsyl- 
vania railroad,  in  which  he  was  a  director  until 
the  close  of  his  life,  was  a  director  in  six  other 
railroad  companies,  also  in  the  Germantown  Bank, 
and  was  a  leading  factor  in  other  organizations. 
His  elegant  country  seat,  "Phil-Ellena,"  with  its 
extensive  and  beautiful  park,  was  one  of  the  not- 
able homes  of  Philadelphia.  The  son  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Germantown  Academy  and  at  Dr. 
Lyon's  school  at  Haverford,  Pa.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  was  preparing  to  enter  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, but,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  at 
once  abandoned  his  studies  to  enter  the  military 
service,  enlisting,  Apr.  29,  1861,  as  a  private  in 
the  1st  City  Troop,  Philadelphia  Cavalry,  and 
served  with  this  command  three  months.  He  was 
mustered  out  Aug.  17,  1861,  immediately  re-en- 
listed for  three  years'  service,  and  was  commis- 
sioned, Sept.  17,  1861,  second  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany D,  6th  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  He  was  at- 
tached to  Gen.  Framlin  's  command  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  where  he  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant, 
Apr.  15,  1S62,  and  on  Feb.  5,  1863,  he  became 
captaia  of  Company  E.  He  served  with  distinction 
during  the  Peninsular  campaign  and  later  with  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  at  Chancelloisville  and  Get- 
tysburg, in  the  latter  battle  displaying  such  gal- 
lantry and  efficiency,  as  the  aide-de-camp  of  Gen. 
George  G.  Meade,  that  he  was  highly  complimented 
by  the  general.  In  Oct.,  1863,  with  his  company 
he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Todd's  Tavern,  Va., 
and  in  the  following  May,  in  a  courageous  attempt 
to  rescue  from  the  enemy  a  desperately  wounded 
brother  officer,  he  was  captured  by  the  Confeder- 
ates, taken  to  Libby  Prison,  and  thence  to  Colum- 
bia, S.  C.,  with  his  brother,  Lieut.  J.  Quincy  Car- 
penter. They  were  rescued  by  the  advancing 
column  of  Sherman's  army,  and  Capt.  Carpenter 
was  detailed  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Howard,  serving 
thus  until  March,  1S(>5,  when  he  obtained  leave  of 
absence  to  return  home  to  visit  his  family,  and  was 
honorably  mustered  out,  May  11,  1S65.  On  the 
13th  of  the  preceding  March  he  was  brevetted 
major  for  gallant  ami  meritorious  services  at  Get- 
tysburg, and  lieutenant-colonel  for  like  services  at 
Todd's  Tavern.  His  health  was  badly  shattered 
by  the  hardships  he  had  endured,  and  he  lived  for 
some  years  abroad,  devoting  himself  to  the  study 
of  art;  later  he  returned  to  "Phil-Ellena,"  where 
he  resided  until  his  death.  Col.  Carpenter  was  a 
man  of  acknowledged  virility,  was  popular  in 
every  social  organization  in  Philadelphia,  and  at 
his  death  was  sincerely  mourned  by  innumerable 
friends.  In  the  army  he  was  as  much  loved  and 
admired  by  his  men  as  he  was  by  bis  commanders. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia,  Rabbit, 
Germantown  Cricket,  and  Philadelphia  Gun  clubs; 
Fish  House;  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion; 
Meade  Post,  G.  A.  R. ;  and  the  regimental  organ- 
ization of  the  6th  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  His 
favorite  recreation  was  painting.  He  was  married, 
May  17,  1866,  to  Hannah  B.  (deceased,  Nov.  1, 
1917),  daughter  of  William  W.  Longstreth,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  their  children  were :  Ellen  Long- 
streth (deceased),  and  Samuel  Emlen  Carpenter. 
Col.  Carpenter  died  at  "Phil-Ellena,"  German- 
town,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Mar.  17,  1891. 

ARMSTRONG,  De  Witt  Clinton,  hanker,  was 
born  at  Huron,  O.,  Nov.  25,  1867,  son  of  De 
Witt  Clinton  anil  Mary  Frances  (Armstrong) 
Armstrong,  of  Scotch-Irish  stock.  Tlis  first  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Edward  Sunderlin 
Armstrong,  who  came  from  Londonderry,  Ireland, 
and  settled  in  Rhode  Island  about  1760,  from  him 
the  line  descends  through  his  son  George  Sunder- 


DEWITT  C.  ARMSTRONG 
BANKER 


JAMES  F.  McFARLAND 
PLANTER 


ARTHUR  SCHOELLKOPF 

PROMOTER 


JOHN  S.  ARMSTRONG 
FINANCIER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


lin,  commander  of  a  revenue  cutter  on  Long  Island 
sound",  and  his  wife  Olive  Beckwith,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  De  Witt  C.  Armstrong.  His 
father,  captain  of  his  own  ship  in  our  merchant 
marine,  encircled  the  globe  four  times  before  the 
age  of  thirty-two;  leaving  the  sea,  he  went  to 
Ohio,  where  he  married  his  cousin,  and  afterwards 
located  at  Erie,  Pa.  The  son  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Erie,  and  on  leaving  school  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
that  place.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  in  1884, 
he  removed  with  his  mother  and  only  sister  to 
Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  where  he  became  teller  of  the 
Freeborn  County  Bank,  of  which  his  imcle,  Lieut. - 
Gov.  T.  H.  Armstrong,  was  president.  From  that 
time  until  1893,  besides  his  bank  work,  he  operated 
elevators  at  Armstrong  and  at  Albert  Lea.  In 
1893  he  assisted  in  organizing  the  Albert  Lea 
Milling  Co.,  of  which  he  was  secretary  and  treas- 
urer until  1902,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the 
cashiership  of  the  Albert  Lea  State  Bank,  of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  founders;  subsequently  he  be- 
came its  president,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  his  death.  Mr.  Armstrong  was  for  two 
years  alderman  of  the  first  ward;  treasurer  and 
trustee  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  for  many 
years;  trustee  for  several  years  of  the  Albert  Lea 
College  for  Women;  and  president  of  the  Busi- 
ness Men's  League  for  a  term  of  three  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  the  activities  of  the  association 
were  of  great  value  to  the  welfare  and  growth  of 
the  town.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Minnesota  Bankers'  Association 
for  several  years,  and  its  president  during  1912-13. 
In  the  report  of  the  association  for  1914-15  it  is 
said:  "He  has  left  behind  him  a  splendid  record 
of  industry  and  fidelity  to  the  interests  of  good 
banking  in  the  state.  The  life  that  he  lived 
should  commend  itself  to  the  members  of  our  as- 
sociation as  a  standard  of  good  citizenship  worthy 
of  emulation."  He  was  a  member  of  the  Fort- 
nightly and  Country  clubs.  It  is  a  singular  fact 
that  the  same  year  the  first  municipal  Christmas 
tree  was  set  up  in  Madison  Square,  New  York 
city,  Mr.  Armstrong  was  hailed  in  the  West  as 
"the  father  of  the  municipal  Christmas  tree/' 
he  having  conceived  the  idea  and  launched  it 
through  the  medium  of  the  Business  Men 's 
League,  of  which  he  was  president  at  the  time; 
thus  Albert  Lea  was  widely  known  as  the  home 
of  the  first  public  Christmas  tree.  He  was  mar- 
ried Mar.  8,  1893,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  D.  R.  P. 
Hibbs,  a  banker  of  Albert  Lea,  and  had  two  chil- 
dren: Clare,  Captain,  U.  S.  A.,  commanding  of- 
ficer of  TJ.  S.  troops  at  Tampa,  Fla.  and  Dorothy, 
a  student  at  Oberlin  College.  Mr.  Armstrong  was 
fond  of  motoring,  and  lost  his  life  in  an  automobile 
accident  at  Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  Nov.  8,  1914. 

McFARLAND,  James  Franklin,  planter,  was 
born  near  Ladouia,  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  Aug.  9,  1847, 
son  of  Jackson  and  Arimissa  (Pence)  ivic-Far- 
land.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  John  McFarland,  who  came  from  Scotland; 
located  first  in  Maryland,  and  subsequently  set- 
tled in  St.  Francis  county,  Mo.  His  son,  James 
McFarland,  and  his  wife,  Jane  Jackson,  were  the 
grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this  biography. 
James  McFarland  established  the  family  in  north 
Texas  in  1836,  locating  near  the  townsite  of  La- 
donia.  He  was  a  noted  Baptist  and  was  opposed 
to  secession,  although  six  of  his  sons  entered  the 
Confederate  army.  Jackson  McFarland,  father  of 
James  F.  McFarland,  was  a  participant  in  many 
of  the  events  of  pioneer  life  in  Fannin  county. 
He  was  present  at  the  home  of  Daniel  Davis  when 


the  latter  was  killed,  the  first  victim  of  Indian 
hostilities  in  Faimin  county,  and  he  was  also 
present  in  Denton  county,  in  1841,  when  Capt. 
John  Denton  was  killed  by  the  savages.  He  was 
not  a  secessionist,  his  views  being  the  same  as 
those  of  Gov.  Sam  Houston  (q.v.),  and  he  did 
not  favor  slavery,  though  he  was  a  Southerner, 
heart  and  soul;  during  the  war  between  the  states 
he  served  with  the  Texas  militia  on  the  gulf 
coast.  James  F.  McFarland  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  country  schools.  When  still  a  youth 
he  enlisted  in  a  company  of  Confederates  under 
Capt.  "Zeke"  Williams,  doing  guard  duty  at  the 
Bouham  (Tex.)  war-prison  until  the  close  of  hos- 
tilities. At  twenty-five  he  became  an  independent 
farmer.  He  regarded  farming  as  a  profession  and 
believed  it  worthy  of  his  best  efforts.  He  was  a 
scientific  agriculturist,  and  raised  grain  and  live 
stock  until  cotton  supplanted  both.  Of  the  five 
thousand  acres  under  his  ownership  in.  Hunt,  Fan- 
nin, Grayson  and  Leon  counties,  twenty-five 
hundred  were  in  a  state  of  cultivation,  and  eighteen 
hundred  of  this  produced  one  thousand  bales  of 
cotton  in  1912.  Aside  from  his  agricultural  pur- 
suits he  became  interested  from  time  to  time  in 
various  commercial  undertakings,  was  president 
of  a  bank,  a  member  of  the  mercantile  firm  of 
Jacksou-McFarland  Co.,  Ladonia,  and  oue  of  the 
owners  of  a  local  weekly  newspaper.  He  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  his 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
lie  gave  liberally  to  the  cause  of  Christian  educa- 
tion and  to  various  forms  of  religious  welfare 
work,  and  was  a  factor  in  driving  the  liquor  traf- 
fic from  Texas.  He  was  married,  Feb.  4,  1872, 
to  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  George  Washington 
Harper,  farmer  and  soldier  of  Fanniu  county;  she 
survives  him,  with  nine  children:  Samuel  Jackson, 
vice-president  Security  National  Bank,  Dallas; 
James  Robert,  cashier  First  State  Bank,  Ladonia; 
John  Allen,  manager  of  the  estate;  Gordon 
Burnett,  a  physician  of  New  York ;  Nancy  Eliza- 
beth, who  married  Horton  Edgar  Fuller,  Ladonia; 
Florence  Cordelia,  now  Mrs.  William  M.  Williams, 
editor  Christian  Courier,  Dallas,  Tex.;  Mary  Ara- 
bella, who  married  Rev.  Walter  P.  Jennings,  Ft. 
Worth,  Tex.;  Teunie,  wife  of  H.  L.  Graves,  mer- 
chant, of  Ladonia,  and  Lola,  who  marriexl  Joo  M. 
Hill,  attorney,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla.  He  died  at 
Ladonia,  Tex.,  Feb.  4,  1917.  " 

SOHOFJLiKOPF,  Arthur,  business  executive, 
was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1856,  son  of 
Jacob  F.  and  Christina  T.  .  (Duerr)  Schoellkopf. 
His  father,  a  tanner,  emigrated  from.  Kierchiem- 
ou-Tech,  Germany,  in,  1S41,  and  became  interested 
in  various  enterprises  in  Buffalo  and  vicinity.  The 
son  attended  private  schools  in  Germany,  and  St. 
Joseph's  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  later  took  the 
course  at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Business  College  in 
that  city.  In  1S73  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
milling  trade  under  his  father  's  direction  at  North 
Buffalo,  and  later  in  the  Frontier  Mills  at  Black 
Rock,  and  in  ls"7  he  went  to  Niagara  Falls  to 
take  charge  of  the  Hydraulic  Canal  property  which 
had  been  obtained  by  his  father.  In  the  following 
year  he  was  made  treasurer  and  general  manager 
of  the  Niagara  Falls  Hydraulic  Power  and  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  thus  early  evincing  that  remarkable 
capacity  for  executive  affairs  which  distinguished 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  developed  that  com- 
pany until  it  became  one  of  the  chief  factors  in 
the  upbuilding  of  Niagara  Falls.  He  constructed, 
equipped,  and  personally  managed  for  seven  years, 
the  first  street  railway  in  the  city  of  Niagara  Falls, 
which  was  called  the  Niagara  Falls  and  Suspension 


290 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Bridge  Railway,  and  in  conjunction  with  his  father 
founded  the  Brush  Electric  Light  Co.  there.  He 
was  mayor  of  Niagara  Falls  in  1896-97.  His 
boundless  activities  as  a  man  of  affairs  are  also 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  he  had  held  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Power  City  Bank,  the  Cliff  Paper  Co., 
the  Niagara  Falls  Milling  Co.,  and  the  Gluck 
Eealty  Co.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Benevolent 
&  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  the  Niagara  Club,  the 
Niagara  Falls  Board  of  Trade,  the  Niagara  Falls 
Country  Club,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  the 
Ellicott  Club  of  Buffalo.  He  was  also  a  Knight 
Templar  of  the  Masonic  Order,  Ismalia  Shrine  of 
Buffalo.  He  was  married  Oct.  13,  1880,  to  Jessie, 
daughter  of  Alvah  Gluok  of  Niagara  Falls,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son,  Paul  Arthur  (q.v.),  and  a 
daughter,  M.  Beatrice  Schoellkopf.  The  former 
succeeds  his  father  in  the  active  direction  of  his 
chief  enterprises.  Mr.  Schoellkopf  died  at  Miami, 
Fla.,  Feb.  3,  1013. 

ARMSTRONG,  John  Samuel,  financier,  was 
born  in  Culpeper,  Va.,  May  5,  1857,  son  of  Joseph 
Norris  and  Mary  Frances  (Corbin)  Armstrong  and 
grandson  of  John  Armstrong  who  came  over  from 
Newcastle,  Eng.,  in  1800,  settled  in  Culpeper,  Va., 
married  a  Miss.  Spilm-m,  and  served  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  was  educated  in  local  private  schools, 
including  the  Culpeper  Military  Academy.  He  was 
superintendent  of  Indian  schools  at  the  Pima 
Reservation,  in  Arizona,  for  two  years  (1880-82). 
During  his  stay  there  a  band  of  1,000  Indians 
threatened  to  massacre  the  white  settlers.  Maj.- 
Gen.  Chaffee  had  been  appealed  to  for  aid,  and 
during  the  interim,  an  old  chief,  friendly  to  the 
whites,  harangued  the  Indians  from  sunrise  to 
noon,  impressing  them  in  impassioned  Indian 
fashion  with  the  folly  of  the  thing  they  were  about 
to  do.  Then  the  soldiers  arrived  and  bloodshed 
was  averted.  Following  his  career  as  a  teacher, 
Mr.  Armstrong  engaged  in  a  general  mercantile 
and  banking  business  in  Tempe,  Ariz.,  and  soon 
became  a  dominant  factor  in  affairs  in  the  south- 
western country.  He  was  the  founder  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Farmers  and  Merchants'  Bank  of 
Tempe.  As  a  member  of  the  Arizona  legislature 
in  ISS-l,  he  advocated  the  bill  which  brought  about 
the  first  railroad  into  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  and  intro- 
duced the  bill  creating  the  Normal  School  of 
Tempe,  and  the  Insane  Asylum  near  Phoenix.  In 
1893  he  moved  to  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  where  he 
organized  the  Wilmington  National  Bank  and  was 
president  of  it,  and  later  became  the  head  of  the 
merged  Wilmington  and  Atlantic  banks,  which 
gave  way  to  the  Murchison  National  Bank  in  1907, 
when  Mr.  Armstrong  closed  out  his  interests  and 
moved  to  Baltimore.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
People's  Savings  Bank.  He  settled  in  Baltimore, 
in  1907,  purchasing  as  a  residence  the  celebrated 
old  Dickey  mansion  at  Eutaw  Place  and  Dolphin 
street.  He  acquired  the  sugar  refinery  property  at 
Curtis  Bay  and  organized  the  Atlantic  Fertilizer 
Co.  to  utilize  the  plant,  becoming  president  of  the 
corporation,  in  which  he  retained  a  large  interest 
until  his  death.  Patriotic  and  loyal,  he  displayed 
at  all  times  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty  and  was  a 
factor  in  Democratic  politics,  having  organized  and 
served  as  president  of  the  Wilson  and  Marshall 
Business  Men's  League  of  Maryland.  At  this  time 
he  virtually  retired  from  active  banking  and  de- 
voted his  entire  time  to  the  campaign,  presiding  at 
meetings  and  working  up  interest  in  the  Demo- 
cratic cause  and  policies.  His  business  in  Arizona 
had  taken  him  frequently  into  Mexico  and  he 
possessed  an  intimate  knowledge  of  Mexican  condi- 
tions and  politics.  In  1914,  at  a  critical  period  in 


the  border  troubles  with  the  southern  republic,  he 
wrote  to  Pres.  Wilson  offering  to  raise  a  regiment 
of  cavalry  composed  of  men  familiar  with  the 
Mexican  country  and  people  and  to  lead  them 
against  the  marauding  bands  along  the  border.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  U.  S.  group  committee  for 
Honduras,  the  object  of  which  was  to  promote 
business  relations  between  the  two  countries.  As 
a  man  Mr.  Armstrong  possessed  the-  noble  traits 
which  make  a  gentleman.  He  was  firm  in  adhering 
to  his  own  conception  of  right ;  fearless  to  express 
his  opinions;  positive  in  his  character,  and  able  to 
maintain  with  skill  and  ability  his  views  on  all 
important  subjects  and  questions.  Yet  his  en- 
lightened and  charitable  mind  made  him  careful 
to  respect  the  views  of  others.  He  was  not  egotis- 
tical and  was  careful  not  to  parade  his  own  virtues 
and  accomplishments  before  the  public.  His  was  a 
heart  full  of  benevolence  and  feeling.  He  was 
married  in  Chowan  county,  N.  C.,  Oct.  2,  1879,  to 
Sarah  M.,  daughter  of  Rev.  Gilbert  M.  L.  Finch, 
a  Baptist  clergyman  of  Franklin  county,  N.  C. 
She  survives  him  with  six  children:  John  S.,  Jr., 
American  consul  at  Bristol,  Eng. ;  Olive,  wife  of 
George  Davis  Crow,  Dallas,  Tex. ;  Joseph  M.,  mayor 
of  Maxtou,  N.  C,;  Beulah  Ellis,  Dorothy  F.  C., 
and  Marjorie  A.  Armstrong,  wife  of  A.  Patterson 
I'endleton.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  June  17, 
1917. 

JOHNSON,  John,  surveyor,  millwright,  and 
civil  engineer,  was  born  in  Canterbury,  N.  H.,  Dec. 
2,  1771,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Board- 
man)  Johnson,  and  a  descendent  in  the  sixth  gen- 
eration of  John  Johnson,  a  native  of  Waterham, 
Kent  CO.,  England,  who  settled  in  Massachusetts 
before  1635,  and  became  principal  proprietor  of 
Ipswich  and  later  of  Andover,  Mass.  John  John- 
eon  received  an  academic  education  and  early  in 
life  made  a  special  study  of  surveying,  designing 
mills  and  bridge  building.  The  development  of 
Vermont  then  presenting  an  attractive  field,  he 
removed  there  in  1796,  settling  in  Essex  on  the 
Winooski  river.  Here  he  built  a  dam  and  bridge 
at  Hubbells  falls  and  grist,  saw  and  paper  mills 
and  operated  them  for  some  time  until  the  increas- 
ing demand  for  his  services  in  connection  with 
surveying  and  mill  and  bridge  engineering  in 
various  places  induced  his  removal  to  Burlington, 
in  1S08,  here  he  resided  until  his  death.  He  built 
the  first  saw  and  grist  mills  in  Waterville,  Vt.,  in 
1796-97.  He  soon  became  the  most  prominent 
surveyor,  millwright  and  bridge  engineer  in  Ver- 
mont and  Lower  Canada.  He  designed  what  was 
then  known  as  the  Johnson  arch  truss  for  long 
bridges,  some  of  which  over  a  century  old  are  still 
standing  in  New  England,  New  York  and  Canada. 
During  1800-12  he  surveyed  a  large  number  of 
the  towns  in  northern  Vermont.  As  captain  in 
ttie  state  militia  during  the  war  of  1812,  his  serv- 
ices were  in  constant  demand  by  the  officers  in 
command  of  operations  on  Lake  Champlain,  and 
his  home  was  made  the  headquarters  of  these  offi- 
cers while  in  Burlington.  He  furnished  the  gov- 
ernment maps  and  data  on  the  region  around  Lake 
Champlain.  He  was  surveyor  general  of  the  state 
1813-23  and  1832-38.  In  1815,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  United  States  commissioners  for  inves- 
tigation and  settlement  of  claims  against  the  gov- 
ernment for  the  transportation  of  troops  and  sup- 
plies in  that  section  of  the  country,  retaining  this 
office  until  1817.  He  was  appointed  in  1S17,  by  the 
United  States  commissioners  under  the  treaty  of 
Ghent  to  superintend  the  surveys  of  the  north 
eastern  boundary  line  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada.  This  important  work  he  completed 


EDWIN  FERRY  JOHNSON 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


291 


n  1S20  ami  his  surveys  and  reports  were  made 
he  basis  of  the  treaty  of  1842.  In  1822  he  be- 
:ame  interested  in  developing  the  iron  industry  of 
Seesville,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  extensive  owner  of 
and  in  Essex  and  other  sections  of  the  state.  In 
[825  he  made  surveys  for  a  canal  to  connect  the 
Connecticut  river  and  Lake  Champlain  via  Mont- 
jelier.  He  was  secretary  of  a  railroad  convention 
insisting  of  delegates  from  New  Hampshire,  Ver- 
nont,  Massachusetts  and  New  York,  which  met  in 
tfontpeiier,  Oct.  6,  1830.  For  some  time  he  was  in 
iharge  of  the  locating  of  United  States  lighthouses 
>n  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  south  as  Virginia. 
iVith  his  active  management  of  extensive  business 
.nterests  he  gave  much  attention  to  scientific  mat- 
ers, and  from  ISIS  to  his  death  kept  a  record  of 
nagnetic  variations  and  meteorological  changes. 
Ele  organized  a  mechanical  association  in  Vermont 
n  1SU6.  He  held  several  civil  offices  from  time  to 
:ime  and  was  one  of  the  most  highly  respected 
litizens  of  the  state.  He  was  fond  of  entertaining 
md  his  home  was  the  sr-ene  of  extended  hospitality. 
He  was  one  of  the  ablest  men  in  his  professional 
ine  in  New  England  and  many  young  men  work- 
.ng  under  him  qualified  under  his  instruction  as 
surveyors  and  engineers.  He  was  twice  married, 
(1)  March  3,  1799,  to  Rachel  Perry  of  Granby, 
Mass.,  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  Eliza  Rachel 
md  Edwin  Ferry;  she  died  in  1806  and  he  was 
narried  (2)  Apr.  6,  1807,  to  Lucinda  Smith  of 
Richmond,  Vt.,  who  died  in  1866,  leaving  five  ehil- 
Jren:  Anson  Smith,  Almira  Smith,  Lucius  Au- 
gustus, Lucy  Augusta,  and  John  Boardman 
Jones.  Tie  died  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  Apr.  30,  1842. 

JOHNSON,  Edwin  Ferry,  civil  engineer,  was 
Dora  in  Essex,  Vt.,  May  23,  1803,  son  of  John  and 
Rachel  (Ferry)  Johnson.  His  father  (above)  was  a 
noted  engineer  and  surveyor.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  under  the  tuition  of  Rev.  James  Free- 
man Clarke,  and  attended  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont but  did  not  graduate.  He  was  a  fine  scholar, 
?xcelling  in  Latin  and  mathematics.  He  acquired 
tus  knowledge  of  surveying  under  the  instruction 
af  his  father,  whom  he  assisted  in  the  survey  of 
the  Canadian  boundary  and  various  sections  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  state.  He  studied  medicine 
for  a  time,  but  abandoned  the  idea  of  that  profes- 
sion in  favor  of  civil  engineering.  In  January, 
1823,  accordingly,  he  entered,  the  American  Lit- 
erary, Scientific  and  Military  Academy,  now  Nor- 
wich" University,  where  his  proficiency  in  mathe- 
matics and  surveying  led  to  his  appointment  as 
tutor  in  those  branches.  In  1824  he  assisted  Jo- 
seph D.  Allen  (q.  v.),  a  fellow  cadet,  in  surveys 
on  the  Connecticut  river  at  Brattleboro.  While  a 
cadet  at  the  academy  he  also  made  a  geological 
excursion  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Champlain, 
and  drew  maps  of  the  region  of  Crown  Point  and 
Ft.  Ticonderoga.  He  was  graduated  in  1825,  and 
in  1*36  received  from  his  alma  mater  the  degrees 
of  A.M.  and  C.E.  in  course.  In  the  year  of  .his 
graduation  the  institution  was  removed  to  Mid- 
dleton,  Conn.,  and  he  was  professor  of  mathe- 
matics, philosophy  and  civil  engineering  during 
1825-29.  He  and  Prof.  Valentine  B.  Horton  had 
full  charge  of  the  university  in  1828-29,  Capt. 
Partridge  having  retired  from  the  presidency.  He 
was  the  first  in  this  country  (1825)  to  give  sys- 
tematic training  in  railroad  engineering,  and  at 
that  early  date  predicted  that  "most  of  the  in- 
ternal business  of  the  country  would  be  con- 
ducted by  rail  rather  than  by  canal."  In  1825  he 
reviewed  William  C.  Redfield  's  pamphlet  on  the 
proposed  railroad  from  the  Hudson  to  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  calling  attention  to  the  rou*e  to  be  fol- 


lowed in  detail,  and  naming  Rock  Island  as  the 
western  terminnus.  He  gr.ve  eighteen  reasons  from 
an  engineering  standpoint  why  the  plan  was  prac- 
tical and  why  that  route  should  be  followed.  This 
pamphlet,  with  Johnson's  comments  printed  in  the 
back,  was  published  in  May,  1829,  six  months  be- 
fore Robert  Stephenson  demonstrated  that  the  lo- 
comotive was  practical.  It  was  widely  circulated 
and  attracted  much  attention.  It  was  republished 
in  the  "New  York  Statesman"  in  1830.  He  was 
an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  the  superiority  of 
steam-propelled  cars  for  overland  communication, 
and  this  pamphlet,  embodying  his  views,  was  re- 
issued in  1831  and  extensively  distributed  by  him 
along  the  line  of  the  proposed  road,  which  after- 
wards became  the  New  York  &  Erie  railroad.  His 
next  important  work  was  making  surveys  for  the 
Catskill  &  Canajoharie  railroad  in  1831.  In  the 
winter  of  1831-32  he  prepared  plans  and  esti- 
mates for  a  railroad  from  Hartford  to  Guilford, 
Conn.  He  was  resident  engineer  on  the  Utica  & 
Schenectady  railroad  under  William  C.  Young; 
chief  engineer  of  the  Auburn  &  Syracuse  railroad, 
1835-37;  associate  engineer  on  the  New  York  & 
Erie  road,  1836-37,  and  chief  engineer,  1837-38; 
chief  engineer  of  the  Ogdensburg  &  Champlain 
railroad,  1840;  of  the  New  York  &  Albany  rail- 
road, 1845;  and  of  the  New  York  and  Boston  air 
line,  1847;  consulting  engineer  of  the  Spring- 
field &  Boston  Air  Line,  1848-49;  chief  engineer 
of  the  Rock  River  Valley  Union  and  Illinois  & 
Wisconsin  railroads  in  1851-52,  and  chief  engineer 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  1866-70.  There 
after  he  was  consulting  engineer  of  the  same  road 
until  his  death.  This  last  was  his  most  important 
railroad  work.  Mr.  Johnson  became  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  project  of  a  road  fro*n  the  Missis- 
sippi river  to  the  Columbia,  having  formulated  a 
plan  as  early  as  1850  while  surveying  in  Wiscon- 
sin, during  which  he  interested  Thomas  H.  Can- 
field,  a  capitalist  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  who  became 
financial  manager  of  the  Northern  Pacific  when  it 
was  recognized  in  1865.  He  issued  an  elaborate 
treatise  on  the  proposed  route  in  1854,  with  a  map 
and  profile  of  the  country  from  the  Great  Lakes 
to  Puget  Sound.  His  profile  was  characterized  as 
"remarkable  in  that  it  differed  from  the  actual 
elevations  ascertained  by  accurate  surveys  no  more 
than  would  probably  the  measurements  of  two 
surveyors  using  differing  instruments."  His  suc- 
cessor, William  Milnor  Roberts,  said  of  Mr.  John- 
son: "The  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Americans 
who  are  to  be  largely  benefited  by  the  construc- 
tion of  this  important  thoroughfare  across  the 
northern  portion  of  the  continent  are  indebted 
more  to  the  intelligent  forecast  and  untiring  en- 
ergy of  Edwin  F.  Johnson  than  to  any  other  in- 
dividual. Had  he  lived  five  years  longer  he  would 
have  seen  the  metal  laid  on  practically  his  own 
lines  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific."  Mr.  John- 
eon  was  president  of  the  Stevens  Joint  Stock  As- 
sociation of  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  from  July,  1839,  to 
June,  1840,  having  in  charge  the  company's  es- 
tates, steamboats  and  railroad  in  New  Jersey.  He 
conducted  an  office  as  consulting  engineer  in  New 
York  in  association  with  W.  R.  Casey  during  1843- 
45.  He  was  considered  an  expert  authority  on 
bridge  construction.  He  made  plans  and  specifica 
tions  for  a  bridge  over  the  Potomac  river  at  Wash- 
ington for  the  United  States  government  and  he 
designed  the  bridge  over  the  Passaic  river  at  Belle- 
ville; he  was  consulting  engineer  on  the  bridge 
over  the  Ohio  at  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  in  1856 
made  a  report  on  the  bridge  over  the  Hudson 
river  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  called  to  Wash- 


292 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


iugtou  in  1862  and  again  in  1864  to  advise  vHth    Garden,  Starling,  Carden,  Hemphill  &  Wallace  are 
Secretary  Stanton  on  the  military  defenses  of  the    Charles  W.  Starling,  1).  Frank  Carden,  his  brother, 
country  and  methods  Of  conducting  the  civil  war,    Benjamin   B.   Hemphill,   and   George   O.   Wallace, 
being  also  offered  the  position  of  assistant  secre-    In  addition  to  an  extensive  law  business,  he  has 
tarv  of  war,  which  ha  declined.     His  home  was  in    been  active  in  other  fields  of  endeavor,  investing 
Miudletown,  Conn.,  of  which  he  was  mayor  in  1856-    in  oil  lands  with  great  success.    In  1914  he  headed 
58,  in  which   capacity  he  made  a  new  survey  of    a  syndicate  which  bought  from  Austrian  owners 
the  city,  planned  a  sewer  system  and  compiled  a    seven  vessels,  aggregating  52,651  tons,  which  were 
new  city  charter.     He  was  also  a  director  of  the    sold  for  a  sum  that  netted  him  a  profit  of  $1,500,- 
Middlesex  County  Bank  of  Middletown  and  of  the    000,  but  at  the  request  of  Pres.  Wilson  he  patriot- 
Shaler  &  Hall  Quarry  Co.  of  Portland,  Conn.,  of   ically  rescinded  the  sale  in  order  to  sell  them  to 
which  he  was  president  and  treasurer  during  1858—   the  II.  S.  government  at  cost.   He  was  vice-president 
04.    WTith  William  B.  Ogden  and  Eobert  J.  Walker    of   the  Universal   Shipbuilding  Co.,  which   at   its 
lie  was  interested  in  the  Chicago  Land  Co.  and  the    large  plant  on  Buffalo  Bayou,  near  Houston,  built 
Wisconsin  Land  Co.    He  was  a  member  of  the  Con-   wooden    ships    for    the    government    during    the 
necticut   senate   during   1S57.      Mr.   Johnson  was    European  war.     He  is  president  and  a  director  of 
one  of  the  ablest  technical  writers  of  his  time,  and    the  National  Shipping  Corporation.    In  politics  he 
>vas  the  author  of  the  following  published  books:    has  long  been  active  in  the  Democratic  party  in 
"Treatise  on  Surveying"   (1825);  "Tyler's  Arith-    Texas,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  Democratic  state 
metic     Revised    and     Reviewed"     (1827);     "The    executive  committee.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Texas 
Newellian  Sphere"  and  "Land  Surveys"   (1828)  ;    State  Bar  Association,  Dallas  Count}'  Bar  Associa- 
"  Review  of  a  Project  for  a  Great  Western  Rail-    tiou,  City   Club  of  Dallas,  Dallas   Country  Club, 
way"   (1829);   "Method  of  Conducting  the  Canal   Trinity  Rod  and  Gun  Club,  Lambs,  Squash  and 
Surveys    of    New    York"    and    the    "Epkycloid"    Bankers'     clubs   of   New   York   city,   and   Dallas 
(1836);      "Cubical     Quantities,      Railroads     and    Chamber   of   Commerce.      His   favorite   diversions 
Canals"     (1837);     "Mountains     in     New     York"    are  hunting  and  fishing.     He  was  twice  married: 
(.1839);   "Tables  of  Quantities  for  Tracing  Rail-    (1)   June  26,  1SS9,  to  Carrie  Burns,  daughter  of 
road  Curves"  (1840)  ;  "Width  of  Track"  (1842);    Dr.  George  G.  Shummard,  a  surgeon  in  the  U.  S. 
Gauge  of  Railways"   (1853);   "Caesar's  Bridge"    army;    there  were   three  children   of   this  union: 
(1863);   "First  Meridian"    (1864);   "Water  Sup-    Isabel,  wife  of  William  V.  Griffin;  galena,  wife  of 
ply  of  New  York"  (1870)  •  "Historical  Sketch  of   Lieut.  Garnet  Hulings,  of  the  U.  S.  navy,  and  Carrie 
Norse    Settlements    and    the    New    Port    Tower"    Burns  Carden;  Mrs.  Carden  died  in  1899,  and  he 
(1870);    "Niagara"    (1S6S).     He  also   made   nu-    was  married  (2)  Feb.  17,  1902,  to  Rose,  daughter  of 
merous  reports  on  railroad  projects  and  other  en-    Mr.  Richard  Porter,  of  Paris,  Mo.;  three  children 
gineering  work.     Possessing  great  mechanical   in-    are  the  offspring  of  this  second  marriage:   Leona, 
genuity,  he  invented  a  screw  power  press;  a  six-    Elizabeth,  and  George  A.  Carden,  Jr. 
wheel  truck  for  cars;   an  eight-wheel  locomotive;        SEIPP,   Philip   Walter,   lawyer,   stock  broker 
a  device  for  a  marine  railway,  and  an  improved   and  commission  merchant,  was  born  in  Chicago,  111., 
canal  lock.     He  was  an  excellent  draughtsman  and    Aug.  26,  1877,  son  of  William  Conrad  and  Emma 
an  artist  of  more  than  ordinary  ability.     He  was    Angelina   (Huck)   Oeipp,  and  grandson  of  Conrad 
also  a  gifted  public  speaker,  and  was  much  sought    and  Catherine  (Orb)   Seipp.     His  paternal  grand- 
in  political  campaigns.     Mr.  Johnson  was  married   father,    a   native   of   Frankfort,   came   from   Ger- 
Sept.  7,  1830,  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Nathaniel    many    in    1848,    and   after    a   brief    residence    in 
Shaler,    and   had    eight   children:     Louisa,    Eliza-    Rochester,  N.  Y.,  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he  was 
beth,  Edwin  Augustus,  William  Shaler,  Frederick    the  founder   and  president   of   the   Conrad   Seipp 
Allen,  Charles  Shaler,  Joseph  Allen  and  Lucy  Ann    Brewing   Co.,   amassing  a   large   estate.     William 
Johnson.     He   died   in   New   York   city   Apr.    12,    Conrad   Seipp,   father   of   Phillip   W.    Seipp,   sue- 
1872.  ceeded   his  parent   as   the   executive   head   of   the 

CARDEN.  George  Alexander,  lawyer  and  brewery,  subsequently  devoting  his  time  to  real 
financier,  was  burn  at  Dalton,  Ga.,  Nov.  23,  1865,  estate  matters  and  to  the  administration  of  his 
son  of  Moses  W.  and  Salena  (Dunn)  Carden.  The  father's  estate.  He  was  active  in  political  affairs, 
first  of  the  family  in'  America  was  James  Armis-  and  served  as  city  treasurer  as  well  as  county 
tead  Carden,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Eng-  *reasurer;  was  twice  a  member  of  the  electoral  col- 
land  and  settled  in  Virginia  about  1750.  From  lege,  representing  the  state  of  Illinois,  for  Grover 
him  and  his  wife  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  Cleveland,  and  was  active  in  the  affairs  of  the 
through  their  son  James  A.  Carden  and  his  wife  Chicago  Art  Institute  and  the  Chicago  Historical 
Susan  Floyd;  their  son  George  W.  Carden  and  his  Society,  also  interesting  himself  in  charity  hos- 
wife  Elizabeth  White,  who  were  the  grandparents  pitals.  Philip  W.  Seipp  received  his  preliminary 
of  George  A.  Carden.  Mr.  Garden's  father,  a  education  at  Harvard  school,  Chicago,  and  the  Hill 
native  of  Tennessee,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Con-  school,  Pottstown,  Pa.,  also  attending  the  Uuiver- 
federate  army;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  sities  of  Geneva  (Switzerland)  and  Heidelburg 
while  convalescing  was  made  provost  marshal  of  (Germany).  He  was  graduated  at  the  college  of 
the  eastern  district  of  Alabama.  The  son  was  law  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1899  with  the 
graduated  at  Alabama  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  degree  LL.B.  In  1900  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
College,  Auburn,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in  1882.  of  Illinois  arid  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
He  studied  law  at  Union  College  of  Law  of  North-  sion  as  an  associate  in  the  law  firm  of  Eschenburg- 
erE  University,  before  which  time  he  served  as  a  &  Whitfield,  specializing  in  probate  (surrogate) 
newspaper  correspondent  in  the  Dakotas,  Mon-  work,  as  well  as  taking  care  of  estates.  In  1907  he 
tana  and  Idaho.  In  1887  he  was  admitted  to  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  A.  O.  Slaughter 
the  bar.  He  opened  a  law  office  at  Lamar,  Mo.,  &  Co.,  stock  brokers  and  commission  merchants, 
but  a  few  months  thereafter  settled  in  Dallas,  having  their  headquarters  in  Chicago,  which  firm 
Tex.,  where  he  built  up  a  large  practice  within  a  was  founded  in  1865.  During  1916-17  he  traveled 
comparatively  brief  time,  and  soon  became  a  dom-  in  South  America,  and  in  1918  opened  law  offices 
inant  factor  also  in  the  industrial  and  financial  at  No.  27  Cedar  street,  New  York  city,  and  now 
life  of  the  city.  His  associates  in  the  law  firm  of  is  vice-president  of  the  Standard  Statistics,  47 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


293 


West  St.,  N.  Y.,  in  charge  of  the  foreign  business, 
making  liis  headquarters  at  Geneva,  Switzerland. 
He  has  a  summer  residence  at  "Restawhile, " 
Seabright,  N.  J.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  Chicago  Stock  Exchange,  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade,  New  York  Coffee  Exchange,  New  York 
Produce  Exchange,  Minneapolis  Exchange,  Mer- 
chants' Exchange,  St.  Louis,  and  the  National 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Washington.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  mayor 
of  Chicago,  known  as  the  committee  on  municipal 
improvements,  serving  on  that  committee  during 
1913-17;  was  a  member  of  the  committee  appointed 
by  the  Association  of  Commerce  of  Chicago,  known 
as  the  downtown  streets  committee,  during  1912-15; 
was  a  director  of  the  Grant  Hospital,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  finance  committee  of  this  hos- 
pital during  1912-17,  and  was  vice-president  of 
the  Lincoln  Club,  Chicago,  during  1900-1902.  He 
still  retains  membership  in  the  Lincoln,  University, 
South  Shore  Country  and  Industrial  Clubs,  also 
the  Chicago  Athletic  Association,  Chicago,  and  the 
Lawyers'  and  City  Clubs,  New  York  city.  During 
the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  as  private 
in  Co.  G,  32d  regiment,  Michigan  volunteer  in- 
fantry. He  rinds  his  chief  recreation  in  travel, 
art,  music  and  study.  He  was  married  in  New 
York,  N.  Y.,  June  12,  1916,  to  Edith  Marie, 
daughter  of  John  Dobie,  farmer  and  lumberman 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec.  They  have  one  child: 
Philip  Walter  Seipp,  Jr. 

MATES,  Robert  Burns,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Gallatin,  Miss.,  June  28,  1867,  sou  of  Herman 
Bowmar  and  Charity  (Barlow)  Mayes.  Robert 
Burns  Mayes  received  his  early  education  in  private 
schools  aiid  the  high  school  of  Hazlehurst,  Miss., 
and  entering  the  University  of  Mississippi  was 
graduated  LL.B.  in  1890.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  began  practice  at  Hazlehurst,  but  two 
years  later  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  serving 
in  1892  and  1893,  when  he  was  made  special  agent 
in  the  United  States  treasury  department  and  was 
engaged  in  its  duties  for  two  years.  In  1895  he 
removed  to  New  York  city  and  opened  an  office 
for  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Three  years 
later  he  returned  to  Hazlelmrst,  and  had  been  en- 
gaged in  successful  work  there  for  five  years,  when, 
on  the  death  of  Chancellor  Henry  C.  Conn  of  the 
fifth  ehaucery  district  in  May,  1903,  Mr.  Mayes 
•was  appointed  to  the  vacancy  by  Gov.  Vardaman. 
In  1906  he  was  appointed  justice  of  the  Mississippi 
supreme  court,  and  four  years  later  became  chief 
justice,  occupying  that  position  until  Aug.  12, 
1912,  on  which  date  he  retired  from  the  bench,  and 
has  since  been  district  counsel  for  the  Illinois 
Central  railroad  and  the  Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Val- 
ley railroad.  Judge  Mayes  is  a  member  of  the 
Mississippi  State  Bar  Association,  of  which  he  was 
president  in  1913-14.  He  was  married,  Feb.  21, 
1900,  to  Lelia  Hart  Beaty,  of  Jackson,  Miss. 

FARMER,  William,  M.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Fayette  co.,  111.,  June  5,  1853,  son  of  William  and 
Margaret  (Wright)  Farmer.  William  M.  Farmer 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  his  collegiate  training  at  McKendree 
college,  Lebanon,  111.  His  professional  instruction 


sion  to  the  bar  in  the  same  year  he  settled  at 
Vandalia,  111.,  in  practice.  In  1880  he  was  chosen 
state's  attorney,  and  eight  years  later  was  called 
to  service  in  the  legislature  of  Illinois,  first,  dur- 
ing 188S-90  in  the  house  of  representatives,  and 
during  1890-94  in  the  state  senate.  In  1897  he 


was  elected  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  a  post  which 
he  held  with  eminent  satisfaction  for  practically 
a  decade.  On  June  4,  1906,  Judge  Farmer  was 
elected  to  succeed  Justice  James  B.  Hicks  on  the 
bench  of  the  state  supreme  court,  and  by  the 
custom  of  the  court,  three  years  later  he  succeeded 
Chief  Justice  James  H.  Cartwright  as  head  of  the 
state 's  highest  tribunal  for  one  year.  On  the 
expiration  of  his  term  in  1915  he  was  re-elected 
to  a  term  which  ends  in  1924,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  re-election  again  became  the  chief  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  for  the  usual  period.  He 
was  married  Dec.  23,  1875,  to  Illinois  V.  Hennin- 
ger  of  Hagerstown,  111. 

FOSS,  Edgar  Benjamin,  lumberman,  coal  ope- 
rator and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Willimantic, 
Conn.,  Feb.  28,  1851,  sou  of  John  and  Sarah  B. 
(Slade)  Foss,  and  a  member  of  an  old  colonial 
New  England  family  of  English  extraction.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Woonsocket  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  and,  having 
lost  his  father  when  a  mere  youth,  became  office 
boy  for  Henry  Lippitt  (q.v.),  at  the  time  he  was 
war  governor  of  Ehode  Island.  In  1866  he  entered 
the  employ  of  Dexter  A.  Ballou,  a  lumber  mamu- 
facturer,  of  Kawkawlin,  Bay  co.,  Mich.  After 
several  years  he  became  traveling  salesman  for 
Van  Etten,  Kaiser  &  Co.,  lumbermen,  and  subse- 
quently for  thoir  successors,  Van  Etten,  Campbell 
A  Co.,  and  George  Campbell  &  Co.  When  the  lat- 
ter firm  retired  from  business  he  ventured  upon  an 
independent  lumber  enterprise  at  Bay  City,  Mich., 
and  was  soon  heralded  as  one  of  the  leading  deal- 
ers and  operators  in  the  country.  He  maintained 
his  home  and  headquarters  at  Bay  City,  where  in 
his  yard  and  planing  mill  he  handled  fifty  millions 
of  feet  annually,  and  he  owned  saw  mills  and  vast 
timber  tracts  in  the  Georgian  bay  and  other  dis- 
tricts of  Canada,  also  a  fleet  of  lake-going  car- 
riers to  transport  his  product  from  the  Canadian 
mills  to  the  markets.  He  developed  his  lumber  in- 
terests with  a  view  to  their  perpetuation  and  as  a 
result  had  one  of  the  largest  enterprises  in  the 
world,  extending  his  interests  to  the  Pacific  coast 
section  and  the  gulf  country.  When  coal  was  dis- 
covered in  Genesee  and  Bay  counties  he  was  quick 
to  grasp  its  possibilities  and  became  a  pioneer 
operator.  He  established  the  Wenona  mine,  which 
has  since  been  worked  out;  the  What  Cheer  mine, 
in  Merritt  township,  and  the  What  Cheer  mine 
near  Flint,  his  annual  coal  output  aggregating 
200,000  tons.  His  lumber  and  coal  interests  fur- 
nished employment  to  more  than  a  thousand  men. 
Throughout  this  period  he  was  an  independent 
operator,  except  during  187S-S3,  when  he  was 
associated  with  his  brother,  Samuel  S.  Foss,  the 
firm  name  being  S.  S.  &  E.  B.  Foss,  the  relation 
terminating  in  the  tragic  death  of  his  brother. 
Aside  from  his  operations  in  lumber  and  coal  he 
had  long  been  a  director  in  the  People's  Commer- 
cial &  Savings  Bank,  Bay  City.  All  lumbermen 
regarded  him  as  thoroughly  informed  upon  every 
detail  of  the  trade,  and  they  had  confidence  in  the 
soundness  of  his  judgment.  In  political  matters 
he  was  a  stalwart  Republican;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1904,  and  a  delegate  to  the  national  Re- 
publican convention  of  1908.  Every  man  who 
worked  for  him  was  his  friend.  He  treated  with 
them  on  every  phase  of  their  mutual  relations  and 
welfare,  and  was  fair  in  all  his  dealings.  His 
discernment  in  anticipating  needs  and  demands  in 
the  furtherance  of  constructive  enterprise  was  es- 
pecially noteworthy.  He  was  buoyant  and  opti- 
mistic ;  his  urbanity  and  kindliness  never  wavered. 
He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  and  member  of  the 


294  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

Bay     City    commandery,     consistory     of     Moslem  eral    passenger    agent    of    the    BurlingtOH,    Cedar 

Shrine,   as   well   as   of   the    Bay   City,   Bay   City  Bapids  &  Northwestern  Railway  Co.,  aud  was  per- 

Country,    Bay    City    Boat,    Bay    City    MeKinley  haps  the  only  woman  to  hold  such  a  position  in 

(president),   Detroit   Athletic,   Saginaw   and   Fel-  the  history   of   American  railroading.     She   later 

lowcraft     clubs     the     National     Association     of  went  to   Mexico   to   study  sociological   conditions. 

Manufacturers,  Bay  City  Board  of  Commerce,  and  She  was  likewise  a   linguist  of  ability,   speaking 

the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  "United  States  both  Spanish  and  French,  and  was  widely  known 

of  America.     He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Con-  in  railroad  circles.    Joshua  J.  Snouffer,  her  father, 

gregatioual  church.     Ee  was  married  at  Bay  City,  came  from  the  vicinity  of  Emmittsburg,  Md.,  and 

Mich.,   Sept.    I,   1871,   to   Elizabeth,    daughter   of  Gettysburg,  Pa.;    was  wounded  in  service  in   the 

Thomas  Fitz  Geraldt,  of  Dublin,  Ireland;  she  sur-  Mexican  war;  became  a  pioneer  in  Iowa,  and  one 

vives  him  with  three  children:  Walter  I.,  Edgar  H.,  of  the  fathers  of  Cedar  Eapids,  of  which  city  he 

and  Edith  Hope.     He  was  killed  in  an  automobile  was  a  member  of  the  council  for  thirty-five  years, 

accident  at  Bay  City,  Mich.,  Nov.  26,  1915.  and  its  mayor,  in  1900.    He  was  the  dominant  fac- 

STOWELIJ,  Henry,  journalist,  was  born  in  the  tor  in  securing  for  Cedar  Eapids  its  first  railroad, 
township  of  Jackson,  Pa.,  April  28,  183-i,  son  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern.  H.  Archibald  Harris 
Samuel  and  Anna  (G-off)  Stowell,  and  a  descend-  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  grammar 
ant  of  Samuel  Stowell  who  came  to  this  country  and  high  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  while 
from  England  and  settled  in  Vermont.  Early  in  in  the  latter  was  in  charge  of  the"  laboratories, 
Henry  Stowell 's  life  his  parents  removed  to  Seneca  sang  in  the  choruses  and  played  in  the  orchestra, 
county,  and  as  a  lad  he  attended  the  schools  of  Also,  while  at  high  school,  held  clerkships  with 
Seneca  Falls  and  later  the  Seneca  Falls  Academy,  mercantile  houses.  He  received  a  broad  commer- 
In  his  youth  he  began  writing  editorial  matter  while  cial  training  through  many  positions  held  for  pur- 
workijjg  as  a  machinist  in  the  factory  of  Downs  poses  of  education.  During  the  summer  of  1903 
&  Co.  During  those  years  he  began  the  practice  he  constructed  an  irrigation  canal  for  a  rice  farm 
of  good  reading  and  careful  writing,  a  practice  near  Beaumont,  Tex.,  and  he  was  interested  in  oil 
which  he  continued  through  life;  and  that  prac-  operations  there  for  several  years.  Subsequently, 
tice,  coupled  with  innate  ability,  won  for  him  un-  in  1915,  he  was  owner  of  the  land  upon  which 
usual  eminence  in  journalism.  In  1S59  he  ac-  was  struck  the  famous  Cicero  well,  near  Humble, 
quired  the  "Seneca  Falls  Keveille"  and  joined  the  a  suburb  of  Houston.  For  one  year  he  was  a 
New  York  Press  Association;  thereafter  he  be-  student  at  Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  Chi- 
canie  closely  identified  with  the  community  in  cago.  Since  1905  he  has  been  engaged  as  an  ac- 
which  he  lived.  In  1S68  he  was  elected  to  the  countant,  practicing  that  profession  at  various 
Seneca  Falls  board  of  education  and  served  places  in  Indiana  and  Illinois  until  1907,  when 
thereon  for  forty-six  years,  four  terms  as  presi-  he  became  associated  with  the  National  Eegulator 
dent.  In  1872  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Balti-  Co.,  engineers,  manufacturers  and  contractors  of 
more  convention  which  nominated  Horace  Greeley  Chicago,  as  accountant;  subsequently,  became  as- 
for  president  of  the  United  States,  and  that  same  sistaut  secretary  and  treasurer,  and,  since  1912, 
year  he  was  chosen  state  commit teeman.  He  was  has  been  secretary  and  treasurer  of  this  corpora- 
elected  president  of  the  village  of  Seneca  Falls  in  tion,  having  full  charge  of  its  accounting,  tinan- 
1875,  and  in  1881  he  was  appointed  postmaster  cial  and  engineering  operations.  He  resigned  in 
of  Seneca  Falls  under  Pres.  Cleveland,  being  re-  December,  1917,  to  return  to  the  practice  of 
appointed  to  that  oflice  by  Pres.  Cleveland  in  accountancy.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Indiana 
1889.  In  1900  he  represented  the  State  Press  Association  of  Certified  Public  Accountants,  and 
Association  at  a  national  convention  in  New  Or-  member  American  Association  of  Heating  and 
leans,  and  the  following  year,  at  Lake  George,  he  Ventilating  Engineers,  the  National  Society  League 
was  elected  president  of  the  New  York  State  and  Navy  League,  the-  Masonic  fraternity  in 
Press  Association.  In  1893  Gov.  Flower  ap-  which  he  holds  the  Knights  Templar  and  32<1  de- 
pointed  Mr.  Stowell  as  one  of  the  New  York  grees,  and  the  Hamilton  Club,  Chicago.  He  is 
state  commissioners  to  the  World's  Exposition  at  known  as  a  contributor  of  accounting,  technical 
Chicago.  In  1908  Mr.  Stowell  was  recommended  and  organization  articles  for  ' '  System, ' '  many 
by  his  party  associates  in  the  legislature  as  their  trade  journals  and  other  magazines  and  news- 
choice  for  regent  of  the  university  of  the  state  papers,  and  has  also  contributed  under  the  sobri- 
of  New  York.  However,  the  great  work  of  his  quet  of  ' '  Business  Doctor. ' '  A  series  of  impor- 
life  was  bestowed  upon  the  paper  which  he  edited,  tant  articles  by  him  on  the  little  developed  field 
As  a  journalist  he  wielded  a  facile  and  trenchant  of  accounting  for  building  constructors  with 
pen.  He  was  a  polished  and  entertaining  speaker,  costs,  profit-taking,  and  financial  statements  is 
and  was  often  called  upon  for  after-dinner  ad-  included  in  C.  Bertrand  Thompson's  "Factory 
dresses.  In  politics  he  was  continuously  and  Costs."  He  is  considered  an  authority  on  the 
staunchly  a  Democrat.  He  was  a  member  of  the  subject  of  the  automatic  control  of  tempera- 
Masonic  Order  for  sixty-one  years  and  his  re-  ture,  and  is  well  known  in  heating  and  ven- 
ligious  affiliation  was  with  the  Episcopal  Church,  tilating  circles.  He  is  a  communicant  of  Christ 
He  was  married  in  1859,  to  Harriette  Susan,  Protestant  Episcopal  church  at  Chicago,  and  is  a 
daughter  of  Harry  and  Cynthia  Wood  Stone ;  she  lay  reader  in  charge  of  St.  David  's  Mission  in  the 
died  in  1907;  there  is  one  child  of  this  marriage,  parish.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Ke- 
Maud  I.  Stowell.  He  died  in  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.,  publican  party.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
July  25,  1918.  music  and  reading.  He  was  married  Apr.  14, 

HARRIS,   Henry  Archibald,   certified  public  1909,  to  Alice  Elizabeth   Emma  Beatrice,   daugh- 

accountant,  heating  and  ventilating  engineer,  was  ter  of  B.  Thornton,  who  was  a  civil  war  veteran 

born  at  Cedar  Eapids,  la.,  Apr.  26,  1885,  son  of  and  a  pioneer  of  Chicago.     They  have  one  child, 

Henry  and  Mary  Ellen    (Snouffer)    Harris.     His  Clarke  Wilfred  Harris   (1915). 
father  was  a  silver  mining  operator  in  New  Mex-        KENT,    Henry    Thomas,    manufacturer,    was 

ico,   and,   in   addition  to    English,   spoke   Spanish  born  at  Upper  Darby,  Pa.,  Nov.  4,  1854,  son  of 

and  Chinese.    The  mother  of  the  subject,  educated  Thomas  and  Fanny  (Leonard)  Kent.     His  father, 

at  Notre  Dame  University,  had  been  assistant  gen-  a    native    of    Middleton,    Lancashire,    came   from 


EDGAR  B.  FOSS 
MERCHANT 


HEXRY  STOWELL 

JOURNALIST 


HENRY  A.  HARRIS 
ACCOUNTANT 


HEXRY  T.  KEXT 

MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


295 


England  in  1839,  studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  and 
the  following  year  rented  a  mill  on  Darby  creek, 
Delaware  county,  Pa.,  and  there  began  a  business 
in  woolen  yarns.    At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war 
his  mills  were  exclusively  devoted  to  the  making 
of  uniform  cloth  for  the  Federal  army,  and  from 
that    time    to    the    present    they    have    continued 
largely  on  government  work.     Henry  Thomas  Kent 
received     his    preliminary     education     in     private 
schools  in  Philadelphia,  and  attended  Cornell  Uni- 
versity.     He    began    his    business    career    in    Ms 
father's  mills.     Upon  the  death  of  the  parent,  in 
1&S7,  the  industry  was  carried  on  by  the  estate, 
until    1890,    when    it    was    reorganized    and    in- 
corporated   as   the    Thomas   Kent    Manufacturing 
Co.,  of  which  he  was  president,  and  which  subse- 
quently became  the  Kent  Manufacturing  Co.     The 
business   was   greatly    enlarged   by    him   and   his 
associates,   and  in   1899   a  tract  of   twenty  acres 
at    Clifton   Heights    was   purchased   and   a   large 
brick  mill  erected  thereon  for  the  manufacture  of 
fine  worsted  yarns.     This  is  considered  one  of  the 
best  appointed  mills  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 
During  the  war  with  Spain  the  various  mills  of 
the   company    were    operated    day    and    night,    as 
they  were  during  the  European  war.     Their  gov- 
ernment bill  at  the  close  of  the  Spanish  American 
war  was  approximately  $2,000,000.     The  material 
used  is   almost  exclusively   American-grown   wool, 
many  millions  of  pounds  being  purchased  annually. 
He  became  one  of  the  most  widely  known  woolen 
manufacturers  in  America,  and  was  a  recognized 
authority  on  woolen  and  worsted  goods,  especially 
blankets  and  uniform  cloth.    He  was  an  organizer 
and  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Clif- 
ton Heights.     He  was  a  member  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Society  of  Pennsylvania,  Sous  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants,  Pennsyl- 
vania  Historical  Society,   and  the  Union  League 
and  Manufacturers'  clubs,  Philadelphia.     He  was 
a    communicant    of    the    Swedenborgian    church. 
Politically,  he  was  a   Republican.     He  was  mar- 
ried   at  "Bridgewater,    Mass.,    Oct.    1,    18S5,    to 
Louise,    daughter    of    Capt.    Nahuin    Leonard,    a 
statesman,  who  served  as  captain  in  the  58th  regi- 
ment Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry  in  the  ciril 
war,  and  afterwards  represented  Plymouth  county 
in  the  Massachusetts  legislature.    She  survives  him, 
with  six  children:  Henry  Thomas  (1887),  captain 
in  infantry,   U.   S.   A.;    Everett  Leonard   (1SS9), 
•now  president  Kent  Mfg.  Co.;   Russell  Hathaway 
(1*91);      Evelyn      (1892);      Warren     Thompson 
(1894),  U.   S.   A.,   a  lieutenant,  aviation,   during 
the  war;  killed  in  action  Sept.  7,  1918,  and  Rosa- 
mond Kingman  Kent    (1901).     Mrs.  Kent,  a   di- 
rect descendant  of  John  and  Priscilla   (Mullens) 
Aldeu    (q.v.),  is  a  member  of  the  Daughters  of 
the    Revolution    and    the    Society    of    Mayflower 
Descendants.     He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May 
7,  1918. 

BUTLER,  William  Addison,  Jr.,  banker,  was 
born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  May  30,  1847,  sou  of  Wil- 
liam Addison  and  Mary  Ann  (Harter)  Butler. 
His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Richard 
Butler,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  1632  and  settled  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
two  years  later;  from  him  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
Bigelow,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Nathaniel  and  his  wife, —  — ;  their 
son  William  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Hills;  their  son 
John  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Foster;  their  son  John 
and  his  wife,  Chloe  Norton;  and  their  son  Samuel 
and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Pine,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  William  Addison  Butler,  Jr.  His 
father  was  a  banker  and  capitalist.  The  son  re- 


ceived his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  and 
high  schools  of  Detroit  and  was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of  B.S.  in 
1869.     He  then  became  associated  with  the  bank- 
ing house  of  his  father,  and  continued  in  this  con- 
nection  until   1886,   when   he  was  made  assistant 
cashier  of  the  Mechanics  Bank  of  Detroit,  then  the 
Butler  Bank.     In  1891  he  became  cashier,  a  posi- 
tion he  retained  until  1902,  when  the  bank's  char- 
ter expired  and  it  was  liquidated.     Aside  from  his 
banking  interests  he  was  connected  in  a  financial 
capacity  with  numerous  other  important  organiza- 
tions, and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  director 
of  the  Detroit  Eire  and  Marine  Insurance  Co.,  the 
Detroit  Trust  Co.,  and  the  Oak  Grove  Sanitarium 
of  Flint,  Mich.     During  1887-91  he  was  inspector 
of  elections.    In  1896  he  became  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Detroit  Light  Guard,  and  in  1907  he  was 
unanimously  elected  a  member  of  the  board  of  di- 
rectors.    During   the  iron   riots  at  Ishpeming  he 
served  as  second  lieutenant,  and  soon  rose  to  be 
colonel  of  the  guards.     In  1885  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Ameri- 
can Fisheries  Society.     He  was  one  of  the  directors 
of  the  first  University  Club  in  1888,  and  president 
of  the  Detroit  High  School  Alumni  Association  in 
1890.     In   1897   he   was   made   a   member   of   the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Michigan  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  served  as 
delegate-at-large  in  the  annual  congress  of  the  na- 
tional  society  of  that   body,   held  in  St.   Louis  in 
1904.     Col.  Butler  was  prominent  in  the  commer- 
cial life  of  Detroit,  and  his  social  connections  were 
many.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Detroit  Country 
and  Detroit  Boat  Clubs,  of  Detroit;  the  Old  Club 
of  St.  Clair  Flats  aud  the  Windsor  Club  of  Wind- 
sor, Ont. ;  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Sigma  Phi 
fraternity  and  of  the  Detroit  Assemblies.     His  fa- 
vorite pursuit  was  reading.     He  was  an  acknowl- 
edged   authority    on    subjects    pertaining    to    the 
civil  war,  and  presented  to  the  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion,  a  set  of  war  maps  of  various 
battle  fields.     Col.  Butler  was  prominently  identi- 
fied with  all  educational  matters,  and  was  at  one 
time  a  candidate  for  regent  of  the  University  of 
Michigan.      He    was    a    broad,    intellectual    and 
scholarly  man,  and  his  business  ability,  integrity 
aud  public  spirit  were  conspicuous  examples  in  the 
community.      His   name   was  the   synonym   of   all 
that  is  honorable  in  business  and  social  relations. 
He  was  married,  July  20,  1876,  to  Fanny  Judson, 
daughter  of  Lemuel  Partridge  Knight,   a  banker 
and   railroad   man,    and   they    had   two    children: 
Lawrence  Knight  and  Mrs.  Edith  KnigM  Butler. 
Col.  Butler  died  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  14,  1914. 

MASTERS,  Thomas,  jurist,  came  to  America 
by  way  of  Bermuda  in  1700,  when  William  Penii 
was  in  Philadelphia  on  his  second  visit.  Nothing 
more  about  his  origin  is  known.  He  was  married 
and  at  once  built  what  is  said  to  be  the  first  three- 
story  brick  house  in  Philadelphia — three  stories  on 
the  street  side  and  five  stories  on  the  river  side — 
at  the  corner  of  Front  and  High,  now  Market 
street.  Then  lie  became  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  Philadelphia,  and  without  taking 
his  degree  as  justice,  leaped  at  once  to  be  one  of 
the  five  judges  of  the  provincial  supreme  court,  on 
Aug.  20,  1701,  under  the  new  constitution  of  that 
year.  His  service  was  extended  to  Apr.  10,  1704, 
when  the  court  was  reorganized  under  Chief  Jus- 
tice Clark.  Judge  Masters  was  an  alderman  of 
Philadelphia  in  1705  and  was  mayor  of  the  city 
during  1707-09.  Little  seems  to  be  known  of  him 
during  the  later  years  of  his  life,  and  he  died  in 
Philadelphia,  in  December,  1723. 


296 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


VALENTINE,  Robert  Grosvenor,  adviser  on 
labor  problems,  was  born  in  West  Newton,  Mass., 
Nov.  29,  1872,  sou  of  Charles  Theodore  and  Char- 
»otte  Grosvenor   (Light)    Valentine.     His  first  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  John  Valentine,  of 
Bencliffe   House,   Eccles   Parish,   Lancaster,   Eng., 
who  came  to   this  country  and  settled  in  Boston 
in  May,  1675;  from  him  and  his  wife  Mary  Lynde 
the   line   of   descent   is   traced   through   their   son 
Thomas  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Gooch ;   their  son 
Samuel  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Jones;   their  son 
Charles    and    his    wife    Laura    Chamberlain,    who 
were    the    grandparents    of    the    subject    of    this 
sketch.     Eobert   G.   Valentine   passed  the   greater 
part  of  his  early  boyhood  with  his  mother  on  a 
farm  in  Holliston,  Mass.,  where,  until  the  age  of 
fourteen,    he    attended   the    country    school.      His 
mother  was  an  invalid  and  the  spiritual  quality  of 
her  mind  together  with  the  delicacy  of  her  body 
bred  in  her  son  a  sense  of  chivalry  that  became 
one   of   his   strongest   qualities.     It   was  in   these 
early  days,  too,  that  there  was  developed  in  him 
a  deep  feeling  for  nature.     The  quiet  strength  of 
rocky   upland   pastures,    the   sunlight    ami    storms 
that  sweep   across  the  sky,  were  reflected  in  the 
eyes  through  which  he  looked  out  upon  the  world 
and   found  expression  in  early  manhood  in  some 
as   yet    unpublished   verse.      His   preparation    for 
Harvard,  from  which   he  was  graduated  A.B.  in 
1896,  was  made   at  John   Hopkinsou's  School  in 
Boston.     At  Harvard  he  was  one  of  a  group  of 
men  several  of  whom  havj  since  reached  positions 
of  high  importance;  men  whose  individual  efforts 
will    never    be   limited    to    wholly    personal    ends. 
During   1896-99   he  was  instructor   in   English  at 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  inter- 
rupting that  work  to  study  finance  by  associating 
himself  with  the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York, 
from   18S9  to  1901,  being  part  of  the  time  in  the 
accounting  department  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
way at  Omaha,  Neb.     In  1901  he  again  took  up 
teaching  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology, but  the  world  of  affairs  made  too  strong 
an   appeal   to   a  nature   like   his  and  in   1902   he 
again    returned    to    New    York    where,    for    two 
years  (1902-04)  he  worked  for  the  Farmers'  Loan 
&  Trust  Co.     At  this  time  he  lived  in  a  settlement 
house   in   Greenwich   village,   giving   much   of   his 
time   to   an  evening  class  of  boys  from  the  sur- 
rounding   neighborhood.      At    the    same    time    he 
threw  himself  into   municipal  politics,  taking  an 
active   part   in    the   campaign    that    elected    Seth 
Low   (q.v.),  as  first  mayor  of  greater  New  York. 
In  1904  the  strain  of  these  various  activities  be- 
came too  great  and  he  went  to  Washington,  D.  C., 
and   engaged    in    government   work,    entering   the 
office  of  Indian  affairs  in  March,  1905,  as  private 
secretary  to  Commissioner  Frances  E.  Leupp  (q.v.), 
and  remaining  in  the  service  seven  and  one-half 
years,   being   successively   Assistant   Commissioner 
and  Commissioner  of  Indian  affairs.     To  the  first 
of  these  offices  he  was  appointed  by  Pres.  Roose- 
velt, to  the  second  by  Pres.  Taft.     In  the  fall  of 
1912,  in  sympathy  with  the  wave  of  progressive- 
ism  that  stirred  so  many  of  the  younger  members 
of   the   Republican    party,    he    resigned    from   his 
office  and  returned  to  New  England  to  work  for 
the  Progressive  party.     Full  as  his  life  had  been 
(he  was  the  youngest  man  who  had  ever  held  the 
office  of  Indian  Commissioner)    and  manifold  and 
weighty  as  the  responsibilities  of  that  office  were, 
Mr.  Valentine  considered  that  the  great  work  of 
his  life  came  when  he  entered  u-pon  his  professional 
career  as  Industrial   counselor  in  Boston,  in  De- 
cember, 1912.     This  profession,  which  he  created, 


and  in  which  he  was  engaged  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  brought  out  his  powers  to  the  full,  and  none 
of  the  earlier  work  to  which  he  had  given  himself 
touched  his  enthusiasm  to  so  great  a  depth.  Realiz- 
ing the  imminence  of  the  vast  industrial  conflict, 
it  was  to  the  great  task  of  opening  to  each  side  a 
new  view  of  the  other,  and  so  bring  about  a  better 
mutual  understanding,  that  he  bent  his  efforts. 
In  the  all  too  short  time  given  him  (1912-16)  he 
accomplished  much,  holding  several  positions  of 
importance.  In  1913  he  served  as  chairman  of 
the  first  minimum  wage  board  of  Massachusetts, 
and  in  1914  as  chairman  of  the  Massachusetts 
committee  on  unemployment,  and  acted  in  a  pro- 
fessional capacity  for  many  business  firms  as  well 
as  labor  associations  in  Boston,  New  York  and  else- 
where. Early  in  1916  he  associated  with  himself 
Richard  B.  Gregg  and  Ordway  Tead,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Valentine,  Tead  &  Gregg,  and  in 
February  of  that  year  he  went  to  New  York  as 
director  of  the  board  of  Protocol  Standards  in  the 
dress  and  waist  industry  of  New  York  city,  a 
board  holding  the  unique  position  of  having  the 
support  both  of  the  Manufacturers '  Associa- 
tion and  the  Employees'  Union.  In  that  same 
summer  he  acted  in  an  advisory  capacity  for 
Mayor  John  Purroy  Mitchell  in  the  New  York 
Street  Railway  crisis  that  for  a  time  threatened 
the  paral.vsis  of  passenger  traffic  in  that  city.  It 
was  at  the  close  of  this  strenuous  summer  that 
death  came.  There  can  be  no  complete  pic*rire  of 
Mr.  Valentine,  none  that  his  friends  would  recog- 
nize, without  some  word  to  describe  the  unquench- 
able sense  of  the  humorous  that  played  through- 
out all  except  his  most  serious  moments — laughter 
that  never  lost  its  boyish  ring  even  within  a  few 
moments  of  his  death.  The  Outlook  on  Nov.  22, 
1916,  closed  an  article  on  Mr.  Valentine  with  the 
following  words:  "Such  a  man  should  be  counted 
among  the  real  makers  of  America.  If  this  nation 
proves  that  in  the  end  self-government  can  be  both 
efficient  and  fine  and  can  withstand  both  external 
attack  and  internal  demoralization,  it  will  be  be- 
cause of  the  continual  patriotic  service  of  such  men 
as  Robert  Grosvenor  Valentine."  He  was  married 
Dec.  31,  1904,  to  Sophia,  daughter  of  Judge  Asa 
French,  of  South  Braintree,  Mass. ;  there  is  one 
child  of  this  union,  a  daughter,  Charlotte  Gros- 
venor Valentine.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov. 
14,  1916. 

ELY,  Dinsmore,  soldier,  was  born  in  Chicago, 
111.,  May  16,  1894,  son  of  James  Owen  and  Emma 
(Dinsmore)  Ely.  His  father  was  a  dentist.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Chicago  Latin  School  and  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  taking  the 
course  in  architecture  at  the  latter.  When  the 
United  States  declared  war  on  Germany  in  1917, 
he  volunteered  his  services  and  sailed  for  France 
in  June  of  that  year,  as  a  member  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  Technology's  unit  of  the  American  Am- 
bulance Field  Service.  He  immediately  availed 
himself  of  an  opportunity  for  active  service  by 
joining  the  Franco-American  Flying  Corps  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Lafayette  Flying  Corps 
with  the  rank  of  sergeant.  He  had  several  spec- 
tacular adventures  while  in  training,  and  showed 
bis  coolness  and  his  iron  nerve  in  coming  out  of 
them  unscathed.  The  French  instructors  reported 
that  no  American  had  passed  through  the  French 
aviation  schools,  showing  a  higher  devotion  to 
duty  or  a  ioftier  character  than  young  Ely.  He 
broke  all  existing  records  for  marksmanship  in  the 
French  training  school  at  Cazaiux,  by  making 
twenty-seven  hits  in  100  shots  at  a  moving  target 
the  size  of  an  airplane,  while  swooping  at  the  rate 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


297 


of  two  hundred  miles  an  hour,  the  next  best  record 
being  sixteen  hits.  Upon  the  completion  of  his 
training,  he  volunteered  for  active  service  under 
the  French  flag,  and  on  Feb.  18,  1918,  was  or- 
dered to  the  battle  front  in  the  Toul  sector,  guard- 
ing the  American  lines.  He  remained  at  Toul  in 
active  service  until  Mar.  29,  1918,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  the  great  battle  then  centering  around 
Amiens.  He  was  released  from  his  French  squad- 
ron and  commissioned  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
American  Expeditionary  Force,  but  as  the  Ameri- 
can forces  were  not  fully  organized,  he  obtained 
permission  to  volunteer  and  return  to  his  French 
escadrille  as  a  detached  American  officer.  Within 
a  month  he  was  fatally  injured  in  an  airplane  ac- 
cident while  flying  to  the  battle-front  and  died 
three  days  later.  A  short  time  before  his  death, 
in  a  letter  to  his  parents  he  gave  expression  to  a 
noble  and  patriotic  sentiment  which  has  thrilled 
the  hearts  of  all  Americans.  He  wrote  in  part, 
' '  And  I  want  to  say,  in  closing,  if  anything  should 
happen  to  me,  let 's  have  no  mourning,  in  spirit 
or  in  dress.  Like  a  Liberty  Bond,  it  is  an  invest- 
ment, not  a  loss,  when  a  man  dies  for  his  country. 
It  is  an  honor  to  a  family,  and  is  that  the  tune 
for  weeping?  I  would  rather  leave  my  family 
rich  in  pleasant  memories  of  my  life  than  numbed 
in  sorrow  at  my  death. ' '  This  message  received 
after  his  death,  was  published  in  the  Chicago 
'•Tribune,"  May  1,  1918,  just  prior  to  the  close 
of  the  third  Liberty  Loan  campaign.  It  flamed 
all  over  the  United  States,  and  within  two  days 
over  15,000,000  copies  were  printed.  It  proved 
one  of  the  inspirations  which  brought  millions  into 
the  coffers  of  the  United  States  during  the  cam- 
paign. The  message  was  widely  circulated  through 
the  press  and  the  government  quoted  it  in  a  mil- 
lion full  page  posters  for  the  Fourth  Liberty 
and  Victory  Loan  campaigns.  Lieut.  Ely's  grave 
in  the  cemetery  of  Gonards  at  Versailles,  France, 
is  marked  with  a  stone  cross  inscribed  with  his 
inspiring  words.  He  possessed  some  literary  talent, 
and  wrote  a  number  of  poems  on  the  war,  while  in 
service;  his  letters  from  France  were  published  in 
book  form  under  the  title,  ' '  Dinsmore  Ely,  One 
Who  Served,"  (1919).  He  was  president  of  the 
Lambda  Chi  Alpha  Fraternity  and  vice-president 
of  the  Architectural  Society  of  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology.  The  date  of  his  death  was 
Apr.  21,  191S,  and  it  was  indeed  an  "investment'' 
for  his  family,  his  friends,  and  his  country. 

KEBNEK,  Theodore,  inventor  and  manufac- 
turer, was  born  near  Port  Washington,  Wis.,  Oct. 
13,  1^54,  son  of  Frederick  and  Dorothea  (Schmal- 
beck)  Kerner.  His  father,  a  wagon-maker,  came 
to  this  country  from  Germany  about  1S23,  and 
settled  in  Baltimore,  Md.;  he  joined  the  Federal 
army  in  Istil  and  served  nearly  three  years  in 
the  Civil  war.  The  sou  attended  a  public  school 
in  Racine,  Wis.,  for  six  months,  and  an  evening 
school  for  three  months,  his  educational  advan- 
tages being  limited  to  these  brief  periods.  During 
1S72-77  he  served  an  apprenticeship  with  Freder- 
ick Graham,  a  mason,  bricklayer,  and  plasterer,  of 
Racine.  For  twenty  years  thereafter  he  followed 
the  business  of  a  building  contractor.  He  also 
built,  owned  and  managed  several  stores  and 
apartment  houses,  in  the  meantime  devising  sev- 
eral labor  and  fuel-saving  appliances  for  conveui- 
ense  of  tenant  and  janitor,  among  them  a  down- 
draft  boiler,  patented  Mar.  23,  1913;  also  a  gar- 
bage and  refuse  incinerator,  patented  Aug.  25, 
1914,  which  promises  to  come  soon  into  general  use. 
Various  systems  of  disposal  or  destruction  of  gar- 
bage and  waste  material  have  been  trie*!  "both  in 


this  country  and  Europe,  but  the  only  thoroughly 
satisfactory  method  so  far  developed  is  that  of 
burning.  The  Kerner  Incinerator  is  built  into  an 
enlarged  base  of  the  kitchen  chimney,  wherein  is 
placed  an  arrangement  of  grates  designed  with  a 
by-pass,  which  permits  the  draft  to  pass  over  and 
around  as  well  as  through  the  material  to  be 
burned.  No  fuel  is  required.  A  hopper  door  is 
placed  in  the  chimney  flue  in  the  kitchen  and  in 
the  upper  stories  of  the  building  if  desired.  Into 
this  hopper  is  dropped  all  manner  of  household 
refuse  from  time  to  time  as  it  develops — news- 
papers, wrapping  paper,  kitchen  waste  of  all  kinds, 
card-board  boxes,  tin-cans,  bottles,  rags,  sweepings, 
etc.  This  may  be  continued  for  about  a  week,  or 
until  the  incinerating  chamber  is  practically  full 
of  alternating  layers  of  thoroughly  combustible  and 
relatively  non-combustible  material,  but  with  the 
combustible  material  far  in  excess  of  the  damp 
or  non-combustible.  The  tin  cans,  bottles  and  other 
material  of  this  character  hold  the  mass  in  a 
loose  condition,  permitting  the  draft,  fire  and 
heat  to  circulate  through  and  around  the  moist 
material.  This  material  is  set  on  fire  once  a 
week.  The  intense  heat  from  the  large  amount  of 
burning  material  quickly  evaporates  the  moisture 
in  the  vegetable  matter,  and  this  dried  material, 
in  turn,  becomes  fuel.  The  burning,  however,  is 
of  relatively  short  duration  and  does  not  result 
in  radiating  any  heat  into  the  kitchen  or  upper 
floors.  The  fire  being  hot  while  it  lasts  creates 
a  strong  draft,  and  no  smoke  or  odor  tan  or  does 
go  out  from  the  hopper  door  into  the  kitchen  or 
upper  stories.  The  fire  thoroughly  sterilizes  the 
entire  chimney  flue,  maintaining  a  perfectly  sani- 
tary condition  from  the  bottom  to  the  top.  The 
soot  on  the  walls  of  the  chimney  absolutely  pre- 
vents garbage  from  adhering  to  the  side  walls 
of  the  flue  which  is  not  in  any  way  comparable 
to  the  so-called  garbage  chute.  The  burning  out 
of  the  incinerator  is  of  so  short  duration  and  the 
flue  so  large,  that  it  only  scorches  the  face  of  the 
flue  and  does  not  heat  the  brick  nor  the  receiving 
hopper  doors;  everything  burnable  is  consumed, 
the  unburnable  residue  which  is  a  comparatively 
small  bulk,  may  at  any  time  be  dumped  into  the 
ash  pit  below  the  grate  and  left  there  for  future 
collection.  The  business  of  the  Kerner  Inciner- 
ator Co.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  was  founded  in  1912 
by  Theodore  Kerner  for  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  the  Kerner  Built-In-The-Chimney-Incinerator, 
which  was  privately  owned  until  March,  1915, 
when  the  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of  Wisconsin,  and  capitalized  for  $100,000.00,  and 
with  the  following  officers:  Theodore  Kerner, 
president;  H.  P.  Andrae,  vice-president;  F.  L. 
Sivyer,  treasurer;  T.  H.  Spence,  secretary.  The 
assembling  and  shipping  rooms  are  located  in  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.,  and  $1,000.00  worth  of  incinerators 
may  be  shipped  each  day.  The  present  market 
extends  mainly  throughout  the  Eastern  and  mid- 
dle states,  but'  the  business  is  steadily  and  rapidly 
increasing.  Branch  stores  are  located  in  Chicago, 
St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Detroit,  St.  Louis,  Racine, 
Cincinnati,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Rochester,  Atlanta, 
Philadelphia,  Washington  and  Baltimore.  The  firm 
hopes  soon  to  have  permanent  branch  offices  in  all 
the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States.  Mr. 
Kerner  has  been  twice  married:  (1),  in  1>76,  to 
Lucy,  daughter  of  John  Houser  of  Racine,  Wis. 
Mrs.  Kerner  died  in  1S85,  and  he  was  married  (2), 
in  1897,  to  Belle  H.,  daughter  of  Merritt  M.  Nut- 
ting of  Toledo,  la.  His  children  are:  George 
W.,  a  dentist  of  Racine,  Wis.;  Charles  W.  and 
Florence  M.  Kerner. 


298 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


GOODWIN,  James  Junius,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Sept.  16,  1835,  son  of 
Maj.  James  and  Lucy  (Morgan)  Goodwin.  The 
first  of  his  family  in  America  was  Ozias  Goodwin, 
a  passenger  on  the  ship  Lion,  which  arrived  in 
Boston  harbor  in  September,  1632 ;  and  from 
him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Nathaniel;  his  son  Ozias  2nd;  his  son  Johna- 
than,  Johnathan's  son  James  and  his  son  .lames, 
Jr.,  the  father  of  our  subject,  and  president  of 
the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.  James 
J.  Goodwin  was  educated  in  private  schools,"  and 
after  graduating  at  the  Hartford  High  School, 
began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  a  mercantile 
establishment  in  Hartford.  In  1*57  he  went  abroad 
for  a  period  of  study  and  travel.  Returning  two 
years  later  he  became  associated  with  the  firm  of 
William  A.  Sale  &  Co.  of  New  York.  In  1S61  he 
became  a  partner  with  his  cousin,  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  (q.v.),  who  at  that  time  was  American 
agent  for  George  Peabody  &  Co.  of  London.  Mr. 
Goodwin  continued  in  the  firm  of  Dabney,  Morgan 
&  Co.  until  the  latter  was  dissolved  and  the  busi- 
ness merged  into  a  new  firm,  Drexel,  Morgan  & 
Co.,  in  1871.  After  that  date  Mr.  Goodwin  was 
not  engaged  in  active  business  but  for  many  years 
he  was  associated  with  his  brother,  Rev.  Dr. 
Francis  Goodwin  in  the  management  of  the  exten- 
sive real  estate  holdings  of  the  family.  He  was  for 
mail}'  years  director  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual 
Lite  Insurance  Co.,  the  Hartford  Fire  Insurance 
Co.,  the  Collins  Co.  and  the  Connecticut  Trust  & 
Safe  Deposit  Co.,  the  Holyoke  Water  Power  Co., 
The  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad  and 
the  New  York,  Susquehanna  and  Western  railroad. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution,  the  General  Society  of  Colonial  Wars 
in  the  State  of  Connecticut,  the  Hartford  Club  and 
the  Union,  Century,  Metropolitan  and  City  clubs  of 
New  York.  Mr.  Goodwin  was  married  June  19, 
1873,  to  Josephine  S.,  daughter  of  Joshua  B. 
Lippincott  of  Philadelphia.  Their  children  were: 
Walter  Lippincott,  James  Lippincott,  and  Phillip 
Lippincott  Goodwin.  He  died  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
June  23,  1915. 

COX,  George  Barnesdale,  politician,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  O.,  Apr.  29,  1853.  His  father  came 
from  England  in  1S47  and  after  his  death  in  1S61 
the  sou  was  obliged  to  contribute  to  the  support 
of  the  family.  Beginning  life  as  a  newsboy  he  early 
interested  himself  in  Republican  politics,  "be- 
cause, ' '  he  said,  ' '  my  father  was  a  Republican, ' ' 
Built  in  heroic  mould,  he  was  useful,  at  eighteen, 
as  a  challenger  at  the  polls,  became  active  in  ward 
politics,  and  at  twenty-four  was  elected  to  the  city 
council.  While  a  councilman  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  decennial  board  of  equalization,  which 
reappraised  all  property  every  ten  years.  Eventu- 
ally Mr.  Cox  became  the  leader  of  his  ward,  and 
soon  garnered  a  large  following  in  outside  wards, 
not  only  subduing  rival  leaders,  but  making  them 
his  loyal  followers.  In  the  middle  80  's  he  ruled 
' '  half  the  city ' :  and  it  was  not  long  before  the 
whole  Republican  machine  was  his.  When  the 
leaders  of  his  party  were  in  a  panic  during  the 
Blaine-Cleveland  campaign  of  1884,  he  was  en- 
trusted with  the  congressional  campaign  and 
brought  the  candidates  of  the  party  through  tri- 
umphantly in  Cincinnati,  which  for  the  first  time 
showed  a  large  Republican  majority.  He  then  set 
out  to  learn  the  art  of  city  management  His 
mastery  of  civic  affairs  was  not  acquired  academ- 
ically. He  visited  New  York  so  that  he  might 
sit  at  the  feet  of  Tammany  Hall  and  learn  boss- 
ism  at  its  birthplace — this  in  the  halcyon  days 


before  the  downfall  of  the  Tweed  ring — and  re- 
turning to  Cincinnati  he  built  a  machine  whicn 
lasted  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He 
caused  a  ripper  bill  to  be  introduced  in  the  Ohio 
legislature  which  substituted  the  board  of  public 
works,  then  Democratic,  with  a  board  of  public 
affairs,  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor.  The 
bill  completely  upset  the  municipal  government, 
for  the  new  board  proceeded  to  oust  all  Demo- 
cratic office-holders.  He  was  given  the  privilege 
of  naming  the  Republicans  who  were  to  get  most 
of  the  vacant  jobs  and  he  scattered  these  appoint- 
ments so  judiciously  over  all  wards  that  his  power 
became  supreme.  No  man  in  Ohio  ever  had  such 
power.  Judges  called  at  his  office  for  counsel. 
No  mayor,  judge  or  congressman  was  nominated 
without  his  sanction.  Controlling  the  large  Ham- 
ilt-  county  delegations  he  was  in  a  position  to 
say  who  should  or  should  not  be  nominated,  and 
because  of  his  indirect  control  over  the  state  he 
was  potent  over  the  state  legislature.  The  esti- 
mated normal  strength  of  his  following  was  30,000. 
But  there  was  always  a  minority  of  Republicans 
bitterly  opposed  to  his  rule,  and  they  frequently 
combined  with  the  Democrats  to  unseat  him.  They 
failed  in  1894  because  Cox  craftily  placed  in  the 
field  a  third  party  of  supposed  reformers.  Fu- 
sion won  in  1897,  but  in  1899  he  again  elected 
his  full  ticket.  He  was  beaten  in  1905,  but  re- 
turned to  even  greater  power  in  1907,  although 
a  Democratic  legislative  investigation  in  1906  had 
brought  out  the  fact  that  the  collections  of  Cox 
averaged  $7,000,000  a  year,  a  large  part  of  which 
came  from  banks  favored  by  the  Cox  machine. 
In  1911  the  district  attorney  of  Hamilton  County, 
having  secured  evidence  that  Cox  received  for  his 
political  machine  vast  sums  from  favored  banks, 
obtained  an  indictment  for  perjury  against  Cox 
because  the  latter  had  testified  that  he  never  in 
any  way  received  secret  interest  money  from  pub- 
lie  funds.  Later  the  indictments  against  him 
were  quashed,  but  his  fight  in  the  campaign  of 
1911  was  his  last,  ;,nd  he  was  beaten  decisively. 
Thereafter  he  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  his 
business  interests — then  chiefly  theatres  and  mov- 
ing pictures.  He  gave  most  attention  to  the  World 
Film  Corporation,  merged  in  1916  with  the  Equi- 
table Co.,  which  made  it  the  largest  organization 
of  its  kind  in  the  world.  He  had  been  the  head 
of  the  Cincinnati  Trust  Co.,  and  was  also  once 
president  of  the  Ford-Johnson  Co.,  chair  make's, 
and  of  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  &  Toledo  Traction 
Co.  He  himself  acknowledged  the  title  of  boss, 
and  took  pride  in  his  achievements.  Like  other 
bosses  he  rarely  talked,  especially  for  publica- 
tioi,  but  he  once  declared  that  he  had  evolved 
into  a  boss  because  of  his  peculiar  fitness,  and 
stated  that  he  personally  had  never  made  a  cent 
out  of  politics.  He  said :  "I  take  great  pride 
in  my  achievement  of  taking  the  schools,  the  fire 
and  police  departments  out  of  politics.  It  was 
through  my  efforts  that  Cincinnati  obtained  its 
water  works,  but  my  chief  work  as  boss  has  been 
in  preventing  graft  and  seeing  that  the  city  has 
the  right  men  to  serve  it."  He  was  married  to 
Caroline,  daughter  of  Samuel  Sheilds  of  Cincin- 
nati. Mr.  Cox  died  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  May  20, 
1916. 

THAW,  William,  capitalist  and  philanthro- 
pist, was  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Oct.  12,  1818, 
son  of  John  and  Eliza  (Thomas)  Thaw.  The 
family  had  lived  for  three  generations  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  the  father  was  sent  to  Pittsburgh  in 
1804,  to  establish  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  of  Philadelphia,  the  first  bank  established 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


299 


in  Pittsburgh.  The  son,  William,  was  educated 
in  the  public-  schools  and  at  the  Western  (now 
Pittsburgh)  University.  When  sixteen  years  of 
age  he  became  a  clerk  in  his  father 's  bank  and 
seven  years  later  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
his  brother-in-law,  Thomas  Shields  Clarke,  in  the 
transportation  business,  consisting  of  the  opera- 
tion of  canal  portage  and  steamboat  lines  from 
Philadelphia  to  New  Orleans.  With  the  advent 
of  the  steam  railway,  Mr.  Thaw  became  interest- 
ed in  the  quicker  'method  of  carrying  freight. 
The  road  was  completed  in  1S54,  and  by  a  subse- 
quent purchase  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Columbia 
Road,  its  line  was  made  continuous  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Pittsburgh.  In  1X65  Mr.  Thaw  re- 
joined his  former  partner,  Thomas  S.  Clarke, 
who  had  undertaken  the  supervision  of  freight 
traffic  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  west  of 
Pittsburgh.  No  railroad  had  at  that  time 
evolved  any  real  system  of  freight  transpor- 
tation; and  in  1864  he  devised  the  Star 
Union  Line,  which  was  a  system  of  through 
transportation  of  freight  cars  over  different 
lines,  and  of  which  he  had  charge  until  1873.  It  is 
said  that  the  creation  of  the  present  cheap  and 
efficient  freight  service  is  due  more  to  the 
genius  of  Mr.  Thaw  than  to  that  of  any  other 
one  man.  The  Pennsylvania  Co.  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1870,  to  manage  for  the  Pennsylvania 
railroad  its  various  collateral  lines  west  of 
Pittsburgh.  The  control  of  the  following  lines 
was  transferred  to  the  Pennsylvania  co.  in  1871: 
Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago;  Erie  &  Pitts- 
burgh; Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis;  Little 
Miami;  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute; 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central;  Indianap- 
olis &  Vincennes;  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Val- 
ley; Steubenville  Extension  Pennsylvania;  New 
Castle  &  Beaver  Valley;  Lawrence;  Indianapolis 
&  St.  Louis;  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute 
and  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh;  in  1873  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis,  and  some  years 
later  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  and  others. 
Mr.  Thaw  became  second  vice-president  of  this 
corporation  and  a  director  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Co.  After  1873  he  devoted  his  atten- 
tion principally  to  the  internal  and  financial  af- 
fairs of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  co.,  with 
which  he  remained  associated  as  a  director  until 
the  close  of  his  career.  In  association  with  H. 
H.  Houston  of  Philadelphia  and  Messrs.  Von  der 
Beck  and  Marsille,  Antwerp,  he  established  the 
Red  Star  Line  in  1871,  which  was  the  first  inter- 
national steamship  line  between  the  United  States 
and  Europe.  Although  a  successful  business 
man,  Mr.  Thaw  will  be  longer  remembered  as  a 
philanthropist  and  a  generous  patron  of  art,  sci- 
ence, and  education.  Three  distinguished  scien- 
tists who  achieved  fame  in  Pittsburgh  owed  their 
success  very  largely  to  his  liberality,  interest  and 
counsel- — Samuel  Pierpont  Langley,  James  E. 
Keeler  and  John  A.  Brashenr.  Said  the  last: 
"Few  men  in  this  country  have  contributed  more 
during  their  lifetime  for  the  advancement  of 
human  knowledge  than  William  Thaw,  not  only 
in  monetary  ways,  but  by  words  of  encourage- 
ment, advice,  and  counsel,  to  scientists  to  carry 
on  original  research,  and  in  assisting  institutions 
of  learning  that  would  have  failed  had  it  not 
been  for  his  helping  hand  and  his  valuable 
advice  and  encouragement.  No  one  knows  better 
of  this  than  the  writer,  for  when  struggling  to 
bring  instruments  of  precision  up  to  the  highest 
status  this  great-hearted  man  came,  unsolicited, 
and  appreciating  the  circumstances  as  not  one 


man  in  ten  thousand  would,  lent  a  helping  hand 
for  the  benefit  of  science."  He  gave  liberally 
and  unostentatiously  to  charity,  churches,  literary 
and  scientific  institutions,  to  persons  overtaken 
with  financial  troubles,  or  starting  in  life,  and  to 
the  poor.  He  was  twice  married:  (1)  in  1841 
to  Eliza  Burd  Blair,  of  Washington,  Pa.,  who 
died  in  1S62,  leaving  two  daughters  and  three 
sons;  (2)  Dec.  12,  1867,  to  Mary  Sibbet,  daugh- 
ter of  Josiah  Copley,  a  prominent  editor  and 
writer  of  Pennsylvania.  By  this  marriage  he  had 
seven  children,  of  whom  three  sons  and  two 
daughters  survived.  Mr.  Thaw  died  in  Paris, 
France,  Aug.  17,  1N89. 

STOEPEL,  Frederick  Christopher,  merchant, 
was  born  in  Schloss-Heldrungen,  Saxony,  Ger- 
many, June  o,  1846,  son  of  William  and  Katheriue 
(Koehler)  Stoepel.  When  he  was  six  years  old, 
his  parents  came  to  the  United  States  and  located 
in  Milwaukee  for  one  year,  then  moved  to  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools, 
anil  at  the  age  of  thirteen  began  his  business 
career  as  a  parcel  boy  in  the  retail  drygoods 
store  of  Campbell,  Linn  &  Co.,  then  one  of  the 
hiding  drygoods  houses  of  the  city.  He  remained 
with  this  firm  eleven  years,  acquiring  experience 
and  .self-reliance,  and  in  1871  became  associated 
with  the  wholesale  drygoods  firm  of  Allen  Sheldon 
i:  Co.  In  ls7.">,  in  company  with  James  K.  Burn- 
li.-iin  and  Albert  H.  Munger,  he  organized  the  firm 
of  J.  K.  Burnliam  &  Co.,  wholesale  dealers  in  dry- 
goods,  Mr.  Stoepel  taking  up  the  work  of  traveling 
salesman  for  a  time.  Twelve  years  later  the 
principals  in  this  concern  purchased  the  stock 
and  business  of  the  wholesale  drygoods  house 
of  Tootle,  Hanna  &  Co.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
in  which  the  firm  of  Burnham,  Hanna,  M:in^i  i 
&  Co.  was  then  founded,  Mr.  Stoepel  bring  a 
general  partner  in  this  new  concern.  That  same 
year  he  assumed  charge  of  the  Detroit  firm, 
the  name  of  which  was  changed  to  Burnham, 
Stoepel  &  Co.  With  Mr.  Stoepel  as  president,, 
on  Jan.  1,  1902,  the  business  was  incorporated 
with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000,  and  the  following 
officers  were  elected:  Frederick  C.  Stoepel, 
president  and  treasurer;  James  Wilson,  vice- 
president;  George  A.  Covwin,  secretary.  In 
1006  the  annual  business  of  the  company  aggre- 
gated $4,500,000,  and  extended  throughout  Michi- 
gan and  into  Indiana  and  northern  Ohio.  No 
employe  who  wished  an  audience  with  Mr.  Stoepel 
was  ever  denied  the  permission,  and  it  was  his 
pride  that  he  knew  personally  all  of  the  men  and 
women  in  the  establishment  which  he  directed. 
Notwithstanding  a  busy  commercial  career,  he 
found  time  to  devote  attention  to  public  service, 
and  served  as  a  jury  commissioner  of  Wayne 
county  for  four  years.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
First  and  Old  Detroit  National  Bank.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Republican  and  in  religion  was  a 
communicant  of  the  First  Congregational  Church, 
of  which  he  was  a  trustee  for  twenty-five 
years  and  had  charge  of  the  music  during 
that  time.  His  clubs  were:  Detroit  and  Detroit 
Country;  he  was  also  identified  with  other  social 
and  fraternal  organizations.  His  chief  character- 
istics were  a  firm  determination  to  do  his  duty, 
an  unusually  retentive  memory,  a  mind  trained 
to  be  just  in  all  decisions  and  a  must  genial 
and  sociable  disposition.  He  was  married,  July 
]:!,  1881,  to  Anna  R.,  daughter  of  Nehemiah  M. 
and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Sallerthwaite)  Siitton,  of 
Tecumseh,  Mich.,  and  had  two  sons,  Frederick 
Sutton  and  Ralph  Stoepel.  He  died  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  Jan.  5,  1917 


::oo 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


TUTTLE,  Harry  A.,  telegraph  official,  was  born 
at  Oswego,  New  York,  Sept.  19,  1846,  son  of  John 
J.  and  Elizabeth  Perkins  Tuttle.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Wayne  county,  New  York,  was  a  grain 
merchant,  owning  and  managing  a  grain  elevator 
at  Oswego,  New  York,  and  a  merchant  ship  oil 
the  Oreat  Lakes.  The  son  received  his  education 
in  public  schools.  At  fifteen  he  learned  telegraphy, 
entering  the  service  of  the  old  United  States 
Branch  Telegraph  Co.,  and  he  worked  in  various 
cities  as  operator,  chief  operator  and  manager. 
In  1882  he  became  manager  for  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Co.,  in  Minneapolis,  continuing 
four  years  in  that  capacity.  Upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  North  American  Telegraph  Co.,  in  1886, 
he  was  made  secretary  and  general  manager,  and 
he  held  the  post  of  president  and  general  manager, 
with  headquarters  in  Minneapolis,  from  1894.  He 
possessed  a  splendid  sense  of  civic  duty.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  directors  in  the  Minneapolis  Civic 
ami  Commerce  Association;  a  vice-president  of  the 
old  Minneapolis  Commercial  Club;  an  organizer, 
and  at  his  death  director  and  vice-president,  Min- 
neapolis Athletic  Club,  and  he  was  a  member  also 
Elks  and  Rotary  clubs,  Minneapolis;  Minnesota 
Club,  St.  Paul,  and  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks;  Chicago  Athletic  Club.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  his  home  life  and  his  love  of 
horses.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  and  lie 
was  an  attendant  of  Trinity  Baptist  Chun-h.  Mr. 
Tuttle  "s  character  was  simple,  sincere  and  straight- 
forward. He  had  great  capacity  for  friendship 
and  was  endowed  with  many  social  graces.  He 
was  married  at  Ilion,  New  York,  June  15,  1X70,  to 
Amanda,  daughter  of  Charles  W.  and  Lucictm 
Palmer  Carpenter,  of  Ilion,  New  York.  She  sur- 
vives him.  He  died  at  Balsam  Lake,  Wis.,  June 
16,  1919. 

WARD,  Joseph  Henry,  banker,  was  born  near 
Liberty,  Adams  co.,  111.,  Aug.  20,  1850,  son  of 
Bernard  and  Ann  Thompson  (Limb)  Ward,  and 
grandson  of  Thomas  Ward,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Bernard  Ward,  father  of  the  subject  and  a  native 
of  Northampton  county,  Pa.,  was  a  farmer.  Joseph 
Henry  Ward  received  his  education  in  the  district 
schools  of  Illinois  and  at  Stewartsville  (Mo.)  Acad- 
emy. He  began  his  business  career  in  1*75  at 
Gower,  Mo.,  as  a  druggist.  In  1877  he  went  to 
Severance,  Kan.  He  returned  to  Missouri  in  1*79 
and  at  King  City  entered  the  banking  business 
as  president  of  the  King  City  Bank,  later  First 
National  Bank  of  that  place.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  from  Gentry  county  to  Andrew  county 
and  established  a  bank  at  Bolckow,  Mo.,  returning 
again  to  the  King  City  institution  in  1X83.  While 
retaining  an  interest  in  this  institution  he  settled 
at  Hays,  Kan.,  in  ISXfi.  In  I'.HHI  he  established 
the  Citizens'  State  Bank  of  Hays,  the  largest  bank 
with  but  one  exception,  west  of  Salina.  Disposing 
of  this  bank,  in  1912,  he  was  for  tour  years  en- 
gaged in  the  real  estate  and  loan  business  at  Hays, 
and,  from  1916,  conducted  a  prosperous  automo- 
bile agency.  He  was  the  last  custodian  of  the 
Fort  Hays  military  reservation  of  7,600  acres  ad- 
joining Hays.  For  years  he  was  leader  of  Chaii- 
tauqua  work  at  Hays.  He  was  a  member  of  vari- 
ous banking  associations  and  was  a  Mason — Royal 
Arch  and  Knight  Templar,  also  a  Shriner.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  music,  and  was  par- 
ticularly fond  of  the  violin,  which  he  played.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  loyal  and  public-spirited,  with  a  fine  sense 
nf  civic  duty,  and  was  liberal  in  his  support  of 
all  churches.  He  was  married  at  Severance,  Kan., 
July  3,  1878,  to  Etta  L.,  daughter  of  Henry  W. 


Holmes,  a  merchant  of  Severance;  she  survi  ed 
him,  with  five  children:  Jennie  Ann,  who  mar- 
ried William  1).  Philip,  Hays;  Gertrude  Elizabeth, 
Tampa,  Fla.;  Lincoln  A.,  underwriter,  Hays;  Wai 
ter  W.,  farmer  and  automobile  agent,  Hays,  and 
Ralph  Holmes  Ward,  a  student  at  the  University  of 
Michigan.  Joseph  Henry  Ward  died  at  Havs, 
Kan., "Jan.  9,  1917. 

WILD,  John  Bannister,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Stockport,  England,  Oct.  14,  1S39,  son  of 
John  and  Alice  (Walker)  Wild,  and  came  with 
his  parents  to  America  in  1*4:1,  locating  first  at 
Olneyville,  R.  I.,  and  subsequently  settling  at  Can- 
iieltcm,  Ind.  His  father  was  a  textile  worker. 
John  B.  Wild  received  his  education  in  public 
schools  at  Olneyville  anil  Cauuelton,  and  later  was 
employed  in  textile  mills  at  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  and 
Indian  Orchard,  Mass.  In  1*62  he  enlisted  fi.r  the 
civil  war  as  private  in  the  8th  regiment  Massachu- 
setts volunteer  infantry,  serving  about  a  year. 
After  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  knitting  mills  at 
Oswego  and  Oswegn  Falls,  N.  Y.  In  IsTll,  with 
Charles  Stewart  as  partner,  he  established  a  knit- 
ting mill  at  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  entered  into  a  part- 
nership with  Nicholas  E.  Devereux  in  1874,  they 
establishing  a  small  factory  employing  but  twenty- 
seven  hands.  This  factory,  one  of  the  first  of  its 
kin  1  in  tin'  Mohawk  valley,  met  with  success,  and 
a  new  and  larger  factory  was  built  in  18SO.  In 
l-'.ts  the  business  was  incorporated  as  the  Oueita 
Knitting  Mills,  and  in  1900  a  yarn  mill  was  built 
in  connection  with  it.  The  Oneita  became  one  of 
the  largest  knitting  mills  in  New  York  state,  and 
at  his  death  tunic. 1  out  approximately  2,000  gar- 
ments a  day,  chiefly  union  suits,  and  employed 
about  1,500  people.  He  was  president  of  the 
corporation  from  its  organization,  until  190:!, 
when  he  practically  retired  from  active  business 
cares  but  continued  as  a  director.  He  was  also 
an  incorporator  and  member  of  the  official  board 
of  the  Skenandoa  Cotton  C<>.  He  was  \VN 
li  \iiian  and  warden  of  Trinity  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  Utica,  and  at  his  death  was  a  trus- 
tee of  the  Memorial  Church  of  the  Holy  Cross.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Graii.l  Army  of  the  Republic 
and  the  Fort  Schuyler  Club,  Utica.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  reading,  motoring  and  social 
life.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  was  married  (I)  Oct.  14. 
1866,  to  Sarah  Matilda,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Clark,  of  Napanee,  Ontario,  Canada  ;  she  died  in 
1898.  He  was  married  (II)  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  May 
14,  1914,  to  Carolyn,  daughter  of  Edward  S.  Bier- 
win,  a  clergyman,  of  New  Milford,  Conn.;  she 
survived  him,  with  three  children  by  the  fiisr 
union:  William  H.,  New  York  city;  Elida  Helen, 
who  married  Francis  J.  Frey,  New  York  city; 
and  Clara  Frances,  who  married  Edward  J.  Otis, 
I  tica.  John  Bannister  Wild  died  at  Utica,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  21,  1917. 

WEBSTER,  Bradford,  patent  lawyer,  manufac- 
turer, business  executive,  and  scientist,  was  born 
at  Water-bury,  Conn.,  Feb.  18,  1S81,  son  of  Daniel 
Frederick  and  Elizabeth  Rogers  (Fox)  Webster. 
His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Gov. 
John  Webster,  who,  with  his  wife  Agnes,  ramo 
from  Warwickshire,  Eug.,  about  1630,  settled  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  moved  to  Harttjrd,  Conn.,  in 
1636,  and  was  fifth  governor  of  Connecticut 
Colony.  From  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Lieut.  Robert  Webster,  who 
surveved  the  present  site  of  Waterbury,  Conn.,  in 
1673,  and  his  wife  Susannah  Treat;  their  son 
Deacon  Johnathan  Webster,  born  Jan.  9.  16f>ii. 
and  his  second  wife,  Mary  Judd;  their  sou  Deacon 


HARRY  A.  TUTTLE 
TELEGRAPH  OFFICIAL 


JOSEPH   H.  \VARI ) 
BANKER 


JOHN  B.  WILD 
MANUFACTURER 


BRADFORD  WEBSTER 
LAWYER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Benjamin  Webster,  born  Aug.  9,  1698,  and  his 
wife  Elizabeth  Peck;  their  son  Benjamin  Webster, 
born  Dee.  8,  1736,  a  soldier  in  the  French  and 
Indian  wars,  and  his  wife  Lucretia  Buell;  their 
son  Benjamin  Webster,  born  Feb.  10,  1769,  and  his 
wife  Sally  Hotchkiss;  ami  their  son,  Capt.  Ben- 
jamin Webster,  captain  in  the  Litchh'eld  light  in- 
fantry, born  May  24,  1795,  and  his  wife  Rachel 
Baldwin;  to  their  son  Frederick  Buell  Webster  and 
his  wife  Cornelia  C.  Loomis,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Bradford  Webster.  Frederick  Buell 
Webster  served  in  the  civil  war  with  the  Second 
Connecticut  Heavy  Artillery  Volunteers,  and  died 
in  the  service  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  Nov.  9,  1862. 
On  the  maternal  side,  the  subject  is  descended, 
through  his  great-grandmother  Laura  Bradford, 
from  William  Bradford  (q.v.),  second  governor  of 
Plymouth  Colony.  Through  his  maternal  grand- 
mother, Hannah  Hall  of  Plymouth,  Mass.,  he  is 
descended  from  Asaph  Hall,  whose  children  and 
grandchildren  have  been  leaders  in  astronomy,  war, 
and  literature.  Daniel  Frederick  Webster,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Litchfield,  Conn., 
was  a  lawyer,  mayor  of  Waterbury,  and  member 
of  the  Connecticut  State  Senate.  Bradford  Web- 
ster received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  gram- 
mar and  high  schools  of  Waterbury.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1903  with  the  degree 
A.B.,  and  at  the  college  of  law  of  the  University 
of  Louisville  in  1906  with  the  degree  LL.B.  He 
received  a  further  degree  in  patent  law  from  the 
Washington  School  of  Patent  Law  in  1!MIS.  Dur- 
ing 190I1-04  he  was  instructor  in  mathematics  and 
athletic  advisor,  Blees  Military  Academy,  Macon, 
Mo.,  and  he  held  a  similar  post  at  University 
School,  Louisville,  during  1904-05.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  general  practice  of  law  in  Louisville  dur- 
ing 1906-11,  and  in  the  practice  of  patent  law 
in  that  city  during  1908-14.  Since  1915  he  has 
done  some  work  as  a  patent  lawyer  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  also  engaged  in  oil  operations  in 
Central  Kentucky  during  1906-07,  making  one  test 
well  of  835  feet  in  new  territory.  During  1911-14, 
in  Louisville,  and  during  1914-15,  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
he  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  office  ap- 
pliances, including  book  files,  punches,  shelves,  etc., 
of  his  own  invention.  Since  1916  he  has  been  the 
executive  head  of  the  Dye  Exchange  Corporation, 
New  York  city,  a  brokerage  clearing  house  for 
dyestuffs,  a  business  adapted  to  the  emergency 
created  by  the  World  War.  His  success  in  this 
business  has  been  due  to  the  wide  variety  of  previ- 
ous experience,  business  and  technical.  He  recog- 
nized the  need  of  trade  arbitration  in  such  com- 
plicated industries  as  the  dyestuffs  industry,  and, 
in  March,  1918,  before  the  American  Association 
of  Dyestuffs  Manufacturers,  told  of  the  advantages 
to  be  derived  in  having  a  board  of  arbitration  in 
the  dyestuffs  industry.  He  has  also  made  re- 
search and  investigation  in  the  philosophy  of 
science;  nature  of  matter;  relations  of  life  to 
energy  and  of  radial  energy  to  potential  energy; 
and  in  physiological  and  biological  chemistry. 
Numerous  of  his  inventions  have  been  patented 
both  in  the  United  States  and  in  foreign  countries. 
He  is  author  of  the  poem,  ' '  Battle  Hymn  of 
Democracy,"  and  other  poems,  letters  and  articles 
on  public  affairs.  During  1897-99  he  served  as 
clerk  of  the  city  court,  Waterbury,  Conn.  He  is  a 
pastmaster  in  the  Masonic  fraternity;  member  of 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  society,  and  of  the  Yale  Club,  New 
York.  He  is  something  of  an  athlete,  having 
boxed  and  played  football,  baseball,  and  tennis, 
and  done  long  distance  running.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreations  now  in  rowing,  mountain  climb- 


ing and  cross-country  walking  He.  is  unmarried. 
He  has  an  adopted  daughter:  Raymonde  Granier, 
<of  Montpellier,  France. 

WICK,  John  Cooke,  banker,  was  born  at 
Brookfield,  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  Dec.  9,  1836,  son  of 
Hugh  B.  and  Lucretia  G.  (Winchell)  Wick,  and 
grandson  of  Henry  Wick,  who  left  New  England 
in  the  early  days  of  the  nineteenth  century  an  1 
founded  the  Ohio  branch  of  the  family.  In  lv;x 
the  family  moved  to  Youngstown,  O.,  where  John 
I'.  Wick  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  later 
studying  at  the  private  school  of  Prof.  Luftsin 
in  Cleveland,  O.  After  leaving  school  he  spent 
three  years  in  Cleveland,  0.,  as  a  partner  in  the 
banking  business  of  H.  B.  &  H.  Wick  &  Co.  In 
1859  he  returned  to  Youngstown,  O.,  and  there- 
after was  connected  with  the  firm  of  Wick  Bros.  & 
Co.,  bankers,  of  which  firm  his  father  was  senior 
partner.  In  1881,  when  his  father  died,  John  < '. 
Wick  became  the  senior  ami  controlling  member 
of  the  firm.  In  1894  they  converted  their  IIUMIIC^ 
into  the  Wick  National  Bank,  and  Mr.  Wick  was 
made  its  president.  In  1906  the  Wick  National 
Hank  was  united  with  the  Dollar  Savings  and 
Trust  Co.,  and  Mr.  Wick  retired  from  his  active 
position  as  president,  and  became  a  vice-president 
of  the  merged  institutions.  He  was  also  interested 
in  the  Ohio  Steel  Co.,  several  rolling  mills  and  a 
blast  furnace.  In  1907  he  accepted  the  otrice  of 
vice  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Yoiiiigstuwn,  in  addition  to  his  duties  with  the 
VYirk  National  Bank.  He  also  held  directorships 
in  a  large  number  of  important  Youngstown  com- 
panies. Mr.  Wick  was  a  man  of  unusual  businr--; 
ability,  conservative  and  yet  courageous,  prudent 
yet  sufficiently  daring.  His  record  of  sixtv  year^ 
of  unbroken  activity  as  a  banker  has  few  parallel* 
in  the  annals  of  American  banking.  He  was  one 
of  the  ablest  bankers  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  life- 
It  ng  member,  ami  an  active  supporter,  of  the  Fir^t 
Presbyterian  church  of  Youngstown.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  3,  1869,  to  Caroline  H.,  daughter  of 
William  Bonnell,  a  prominent  business  man  of 
Youns.stown,  and  had  one  child,  Sarah,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  thirteen.  He  died  in  Youngstown, 
0.,  May  6,  1919. 

WALLACE,  Carleton  Lyman,  lawyer  and 
legislator,  was  born  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y., 
June  10,  1865,  son  of  Jacob  Potter  and  Caroline 
(Clark)  Wallace,  and  a  descendant  of  the  Wal- 
laces of  Craigie,  Ayrshire,  Scotland.  His  first 
American  paternal  ancestor  was  Sir  Adam  Wallace, 
of  Craigie,  who  with  his  wife,  came  to  America 
in  the  18th  century.  From  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Sir  Richard 
and  his  wife  Bathsheba  Rich,  to  their  son  Luther 
Wallace  and  his  wife  Hauna  Wood,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Carleton  Lyman  Wallace.  Sir 
Richard  Wallace  served  in  the  American  army  in 
the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  his  name  is  on  the 
1 '.linker  Hill  monument.  A  history  of  the  United 
States  gives  an  account  of  his  swim  across  Lake 
Champlain,  with  one  Webster,  to  carry  a  message 
to  Gen.  Washington.  When  Webster's  strength 
gave  out,  Sir  Richard  saved  him,  and  was  made 
captain  for  this  heroic  feat.  The  Wallaces  in  Am- 
erica were  of  Thetford,  Vt.  Jacob  Potter  Wal- 
lace, father  of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Saratoga 
Springs,  was  a  building  contractor,  and  in  1871 
settled  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  The  son  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
that  city.  His  first  business  experience  was  in  the 
advertising  department  of  Minneapolis  newspapers, 
and  for  several  years  he  was  manager  of  the  Min- 
neapolis branch  of  the  Pt.  Paul  (Minn.)  ''Pioneer 


802 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Press."  While  in  this  work  he  attended  the  night 
college  of  law  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  at 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1897  with  the  degree 
LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  Min- 
nesota bar  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Minneapolis,  entering  into  partnership  with 
George  K.  Belden,  representing  the  National  Surety 
Co.  in  the  northwest.  He  was  elected  to  the  Min- 
nesota house  of  representatives  in  1898  and  re- 
elected  in  1900,  serving  also  in  the  special  tax 
session  of  1902.  In  1904,  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  state  assembly,  to  which  body  he  was  re-elect- 
ed in  1908.  In  1910,  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  and  in  1914  was  re-elected  without  opposi- 
tion from  the  new  34th  district,  comprising  the 
8th  ward  of  Minneapolis.  In  1902  he  organized 
the  Meadow  Land  Co.,  dealing  in  farm  lands,  and 
at  his  death  was  its  treasurer.  In  1916,  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Mason  W.  Spicer,  he  organized 
and  became  president  of  the  Minnesota  Mutual 
Investment  Co.,  a  land  and  mortgage  corpora- 
tion; was  president  Minnesota  Mutual  Bond  & 
Mortgage  Co.,  and  secretary  and  counsel  School- 
craft  Land  Co.,  operating  in  tax  titles  in  Michigan. 
He  practically  retired  from  active  professional 
cares  in  1913,  confining  his  work  thereafter  to  in- 
vestigating land  titles  for  the  various  concerns  in 
which  he  was  interested.  He  was  a  member  of 
various  bar  associations  and  was  a  32d  degree 
Mason  and  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution. He  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Mark 's 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  Minneapolis.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  gardening,  especially 
floriculture,  being  extremely  fond  of  flowers,  and 
also  in  hunting  and  fishing.  In  the  state  senate, 
to  which  he  was  re-elected  in  1918,  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Hennepin  county  delegation, 
and  he  had  been  prominent  for  years  in  the  coun- 
cils of  the  Republican  party  in  Minnesota.  He  had 
a  great  faculty  for  making  friends,  and  his  good 
judgment  and  energy  as  an  organizer  caused  him 
to  be  in  constant  demand  to  help  movements  of 
various  kinds.  He  had  also  been  a  member  of  the 
Republican  state  committee.  His  optimism,  his 
cheerfulness  and  his  remarkable  memory  were  his 
dominant  personal  characteristics.  In  many  dif- 
ferent fields  of  general  lawmaking  he  was  un- 
usually expert,  and  he  specialized  in  the  questions 
of  taxation  and  state  finance,  and  had  become  a 
recognized  authority  of  a  highly  practical  sort. 
He  was  married  in  Willmar,  Minn.,  Sept.  20,  1893, 
to  Amy,  daughter  of  John  M.  Spicer,  banker  and 
realty  operator,  Spicer,  Minn. ;  she  survives  him, 
with/three  children:  Captain  Caileton  S.,  (1895) 
who  served  during  the  European  War  with  the  6th 
regiment,  U.  S.  marines,  A.  E.  F.,  and  was  twice 
wounded;  Bruce,  (1900),  and  Jean  Wallace 
(1903).  He  died  in  Minneapolis,  Jan.  13,  1919. 
TURNER,  August,  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Zitomir,  Russia,  in  1865,  son  of  Jacob  and  Bes- 
sie Tarkovsky.  He  received  his  education  under 
the  preceptorship  of  private  tutors  in  his  native 
country;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1885,  set- 
tled in  Chicago,  and  began  his  business  career  in 
a  picture-frame  factory,  working  on  a  very  small 
salary.  His  energy  and  activity  brought  success 
to  the  enterprise.  Eventually  he  founded  a  busi- 
ness of  his  own,  and  is  now  president  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Turner  Manufacturing  Co.,  Chicago, 
the  largest  picture-frame  manufacturing  establish- 
ment in  the  country.  He  has  a  fine  sense  of 
civic  duty  but  has  steadfastly  declined  to  accept 
any  political  office.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the 
Hebrew  Literary  Association,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  the  Jewish  Home  for  the  Aged, 


Chicago,  of  which  he  was  chairman  of  the  build- 
ing committee  and  served  as  president  of  the 
institution  in  1902.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Federated  Jewish 
Charities  of  Chicago,  and  holds  membership  in  the 
Independent  Order  B'uai  B 'rith  ("Bikur 
Cholim''),  Hebrew  Institute,  and  the  Covenant 
Club,  Chicago.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
chess,  automobiling  and  in  literary  studies.  He 
is  married  and  the  children  are:  Clara,  who  mar- 
ried Dr.  Bernard  DeKoven;  Kate;  Oscar;  Belle; 
who  married  Eli  Daiches;  Minnie,  who  married 
Emanuel  Dressner,  and  Jacob  M.  Turner,  a  rabbi, 
who  served  during  the  European  War  as  field  rep- 
resentative of  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board  at  Great 
Lakes,  111. 

SEAKUE,  William  Beecher,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  Dec.  31,  1862,  sun  of  Rob- 

ert  H.  L.  and  Amelia  B.   ( )  Searle.     He 

received  his  education  in  the  public  schools.  At 
seventeen  he  entered  the  engineering  department 
of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad 
Co.;  was  a  locating  engineer  for  this  com- 
pany on  its  line  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  later 
was  one  of  the  party  which  made  the  first 
railroad  survey  in  Mexico,  all  of  this  band  of 
pioneer  engineers  being  killed  save  himself  and 
three  companions.  While  in  the  employ  of  this 
company  he  was  for  years  chief  engineer  of 
the  Alberta  Canal  &  Storage  Co.  In  1889  he 
came  to  Utah  with  the  Utah,  Nevada,  and 
California  engineering  corps.  He  immediately 
saw  the  possibilities  of  water  for  electric  power 
and  located  the  power  sites  that  were  afterward 
taken  over  by  the  Telluride  Power  Co.  He  after- 
ward became  the  chief  eugineer  of  all  this  com- 
pany's field  work,  and  while  in  their  employ  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  bringing  electric  power  from 
Bear  Lake,  Idaho,  to  connect  with  the  company  '3 
holdings  in  Utah.  This  project  was  successfully 
carried  out  and  is  one  of  the  big  electric  power 
systems  of  the  west.  From  1904  he  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Green  River  Irrigation  Co.,  with 
headquarters  at  Provo,  Utah.  From  time  to  time 
he  was  identified  with  other  important  engineer 
ing  projects  in  the  Inter-Mountain  section.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Commercial  clubs  at  Salt 
Lake  and  Provo,  belonged  to  the  Benevolent  Order 
of  Elks  and  had  taken  a  degree  in  Masonry.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  one  of  the  notable  figures  in  pioneer  rail- 
road and  mining  engineering  in  the  West.  He 
was  married  at  Provo,  Utah,  Dee.  12,  1899,  to 
Roseltha  M.,  daughter  of  Stephen  B.  Moore,  of 
Provo,  Utah;  she  survived  him.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  Mar.  22,  1913. 

LEACH,  DeWitt  Clinton,  editor,  publisher  and 
legislator,  was  born  at  Clarence,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  23,  1822,  son  of  Jeshuran  and  Theoda  (Hunt- 
ington)  Leach.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Lawrence  Leach,  who  came  from 
England  in  1629  and  settled  at  Salem,  Mass., 
where  he  founded  a  large  mill.  Samuel  Leach, 
great-grandfather  of  the  subject,  was  killed  in 
the  French  and  Indian  war,  and  his  son,  also 
Samuel,  served  in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  On 
the  maternal  side  the  subject  was  destended  from 
Christopher  Huntington,  who  came  from  England 
in  the  early  part  of  the  17th  century  and  settled 
at  Norwich,  Conn.  His  wife  was  Ruth  Rockwell, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Christopher  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Adgate;  their  son  Christopher  and  his  wife  Abi- 
gail Lathrop;  their  son  Theophilus  and  his  wife 
Lois  Gifford,  to  their  sou  Theophilus  Huntington 


CARLETON  L.  WALLACE 
LAWYER 


AUGUST  TURNER 

MANUFACTURER 


WILLIAM  B.  SEARLE 

CIVIL   KXCIXEER 


l>l;.  WITT  C.  LEACH 
LEGISLATOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


303 


and  his  wife  Phoebe  Hall,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  DeWitt  Clinton  Leach.  Christopher 
Huntingtoa  (II)  was  the  first  white  male  child 
born  at  Norwich.  Jeshuran  Leach,  father  of  the 
subject  and  a  farmer,  removed  to  Uenesee  county, 
Mich.,  during  the  early  boyhood  of  the  subject. 
DeWitt  Clinton  Leach  received  a  meagre  educa- 
tion in  crude  district  schools  in  southem  Mich- 
igan, then  almost  a  wilderness.  His  subsequent 
education  was  largely  the  result  of  self-effort. 
His  early  surroundings  inured  him  to  toil  and  ad- 
versity. There  was  no  royal  road  to  success  in 
any  promise  that  was  held  out  to  him;  but  the 
very  obstacles  with  which  he  had  to  contend  stim- 
ulated those  mighty  hopes  which  make  men  great. 
He  was  essentially  a  product  of  the  country,  and, 
just  as  rural  surroundings  furnish  a  clearer  physi- 
cal air,  so  they  furnish  a  clearer  moral  atmosphere, 
and  they  exercised  a  very  prominent  influence 
upon  his  life  work.  At  seventeen  he  taught  his 
first  school.  Very  early  he  took  a  decided  and 
active  interest  in  and  stand  on  the  anti-slavery 
question  which  then  absorbed  the  public  interest. 
In  1S49  he  was  elected  to  the  Michigan  house  of 
representatives  on  a  ticket  supported  by  the  Whig 
and  Free  Soil  parties,  and  in  1S50  was  elected  by 
the  same  parties  to  the  constitutional  convention, 
and  made  a  speech  before  it  advocating  negro 
suffrage.  He  was  a  delegate  present  at  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Republican  party,  "under  the  oaks," 
at  Jackson,  Mich.,  July  6,  1854.  In  1855,  after 
the  first  Republican  victory,  he  was  appointed 
state  librarian  by  Gov.  Biugham,  and  when  the 
legislature  adjourned  he  was  appointed  private 
secretary  to  the  governor,  having  charge  of  the 
executive  office  most  of  the  time,  the  governor 
giving  his  attention  largely  to  his  farm.  He  was 
the  first  editor  of  the  Lansing  "Republican," 
continuing  as  such  until  he  was  nominated  for 
congress  in  the  old  4th  district  in  1856.  This 
district  then  embraced  the  counties  of  Macomb, 
Oakland,  Genesee,  Shiawasee,  Ingham,  Saginaw, 
Midland  and  all  that  part  of  the  state  north  and 
northwest  of  the  counties  nnmed,  in  the  lower 
peninsula,  and  all  of  the  upper  peninsula — more 
than  two-thirds  the  entire  area  of  the  state.  His 
competitors  for  the  nomination  at  the  Pontiac 
convention  were  Moses  Wisner  (q.v.),  afterwards 
a  governor  of  Michigan,  and  Omar  D.  Conger 
(q.v.),  prominent  in  public  life  and  the  law. 
George  W.  Peck  (q.v.),  who  later  also  became  a 
governor  of  Michigan,  his  opponent  before  the 
people,  had  been  elected  in  1854  by  1,700  ma- 
jority, but  was  defeated  by  the  subject  by  3,500 
majority.  He  was  reflected  in  1858,  and  was 
therefore  in  congress  (35th  and  36th)  during  the 
four  years  immediately  preceding  the  civil  war, 
one  of  the  most  stirring  and  exciting  periods  in 
the  history  of  the  congress.  Throughout  this 
period  he  was  always  in  his  place,  not  much  given 
to  talking,  but  taking  a  faithful  and  conscientious 
part  in  the  work  of  the  house,  and  making  some 
speeches  on  special  occasions  which  were  widely 
circulated  at  the  time.  In  his  first  session  he 
served  on  the  committee  on  revisal  and  unfinished 
business,  and  in  the  second  session  on  the  com- 
mittee on  Indian  affairs.  In  1S61  Pres.  Lincoln 
appointed  him  Indian  agent  for  Michigan.  He 
served  four  years  in  a  difficult  post  with  entire 
satisfaction,  and  without  a  word  of  criticism  from 
either  friend  or  political  opponent.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Traverse  City,  Mich.  In  1S67  he  was 
elected  from  Grand  Traverse  county  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention,  and  was  also  appointed 
commissioner  to  locate  the  Traverse  Bay  and 


Iloughton  Lake  state  road.  la  the  same  year  he 
purchased  the  "Grand  Traverse  Herald,"  which 
he  edited  and  published  for  nine  years,  speaking 
through  its  columns  with  no  uncertain  sound.  In 
1876  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Mo.,  where  he 
owned  and  published  the  "Patriot-Advertiser" 
and  later  the  "Southwest  Farmer,"  he  having 
had  farm- journal  experience  at  Traverse  City, 
where  he  conducted  the  "Northwest  Farmer" 
for  a  brief  period.  He  returned  to  Traverse  City, 
to  look  after  property  interests,  in  1882,  and 
shortly  thereafter  engaged  in  cranberry  culture  at 
Walton  Junction,  Mich.  This  business  was  con- 
tinued with  varying  success  until  1902,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Springfield,  he  having  retired  from  ac- 
tive business  and  political  cares.  He  was  a  stead- 
fast communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and 
active  in  the  religious  welfare  and  charitable  work 
of  that  denomination.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  reading.  He  was  justly  proud  of  the 
fact  that  he  had  been  the  last  man  to  hold  a 
business  conference  with  Abraham  Lincoln.  No 
one  could  meet  him  without  having  the  highest  re- 
gard for  his  sterling  qualities  of  manhood  or 
without  being  attracted  by  his  genial  nature  which 
recognized  most  heartily  the  good  in  others.  He 
married  at  Birmingham,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  Apr. 
17,  1850,  Abigail  P.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Com- 
fort, a  farmer,  of  Birmingham;  she  died  in  1918. 
There  are  three  surviving  children:  Mina  A.,  who 
became  the  wife  of  Lucius  W.  Hubliell,  Spring- 
field ;  Lois  Emma,  widow  of  Lieut. -Col.  John  W. 
Lisenby,  U.  S.  A.,  civil  war,  now  residing  at 
Springfield,  and  Sarah  Hattie,  wife  of  Prof.  Wil- 
liam Aildison  (lialfant,  Springfield.  He  died  at 
Springfield,  Dec.  21,  1909. 

GREENAWALT,  George  Letter,  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  near  Washingtonville, 
Mahoning  co.,  O.,  Sept.  5,  1851,  son  of  Jesse  and 
Susanna  (Shimp)  Greenawalt.  His  father,  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio  and  a  farmer,  removed  near  Ft. 
Wayne,  Ind.,  during  the  boyhood  of  the  subject. 
George  L.  Greenawalt  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  a  Methodist  college,  at  Ft.  Wayne  and 
at  the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School  at  Val- 
paraiso. He  then  became  superintendent  of  the 
schools,  of  Bourbon,  Ind.  Later  he  read  medicine 
under  Dr.  H.  M.  Beer,  of  Valparaiso,  Ind.,  and 
graduated  at  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New 
York  city,  with  the  degree  M.D.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Ft.  Wayne,  where 
he  remained  until  his  death  in  active  general 
practice.  After  a  special  course  at  the  col- 
lege of  medicine  of  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
he  specialized  to  a  large  extent  in  surgery.  He 
held  membership  in  various  medical  and  surgi- 
cal associations  and  societies,  and  was  a  32d 
degree  Mason.  His  political  affiliation  was  with 
the  Republican  party.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  hunting.  Dr.  Greenawalt  aspired  to  the 
highest  ideals  of  his  profession.  Not  only  was  he 
the  learned  physician  and  the  skilled  surgeon,  but 
he  was  also  a  wise  counselor,  and,  above  all,  a 
staunch  friend.  His  personality  WPS  a  tonic,  and 
to  have  his  friendship  was  to  have  a  priceless 
possession.  He  was  widely  known  as  "The  doctor 
with  a  heart."  He  was' married  at  Ft.  Wayne, 
Ind.,  Sept.  5,  1883,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Oliver 
W.  Jefferds,  a  woolen  manufacturer,  of  Ft. 
Wayne.  He  was  survived  by  his  wife.  No  children 
were  born  to  them.  He  died  at  Ft.  Wayne,  Dee. 
fi,  1017. 

ROBESOTJ,  Henry  Bellows,  naval  officer,  was 
born  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  5,  1842,  son 
of  Abel  Bellows  and  Susan  (Taylorl  Robeson. 


304 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
William  Kobinson,  who  came  from  England  early 
in  the  seventeenth  century  and  settled  in  Massa- 
chusetts. His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Cutter,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  sou  Jonathan  and  his  wife  Ruth  Morse; 
their  son  James  and  his  3rd  wife  Elizabeth,  to 
their  son  Jonas  Kobesou  and  his  2nd  wife  Susan 
Bellows,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Henry 
Bellows  Robeson.  Jonas  Robeson  (IV)  was  tho 
first  postmaster  of  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H. ;  he  served 
as  major  in  the  state  militia,  and  in  1819  was 
a  representative  in  the  New  Hampshire  legisla- 
ture. Abel  Bellows  Eobesou,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, was  a  noted  physician  of  New  York  city, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  chief  physician 
to  Bellevue  Hospital.  The  maternal  grandfather 
of  the  subject  was  Rev.  Nathaniel  William  Taylor 
(q.v.),  for  ten  years  pastor  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church,  New  Haven,  and  later  profes- 
sor of  didactic  theology  at  Yale  College.  Henry 
Bellows  Robeson  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Walpole,  N.  H.,  and 
at  Walpole  Academy.  In  1856  he  was  appointed 
to  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  from  the  2nd  con- 
gressional district  of  Connecticut,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  that  institution  in  I860  and  made  a  mid- 
shipman in  that  year.  He  was  appointed  a  master 
in  IMtil;  a  lieutenant  in  18b'2;  lieutenant-com- 
mander in  1866;  commander  in  1874;  captain 
in  1887;  commodore  in  1898,  and  rear-admiral 
in  1899,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  retired 
with  that  rank.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war,  being  attached  to  the  Niagara  on  the  block- 
ading squadron  in  southern  waters  in  1861  62, 
and  lighting  through  the  engagements  at  Forts 
McRae  and  Fisher  in  1861.  In  1862  he  was 
ordered  to  the  ironclad  New  Ironsides,  which 
participated  in  the  defense  of  Fortress  Mon- 
roe. Commanding  the  gunboat  Stettiau  he 
led  the  assault  on  Morris  Island,  Charleston 
harbor,  and  was  the  first  to  laud  in  the  face  of 
a  heavy  fire.  He  likewise  participated,  as  acting 
captain  of  the  steam  frigate1  Colorado,  in  both 
bombardments  of  Fort  Fisher,  and  the  attacks 
on  Forts  Sumter,  Wagiier  and  Moultrie.  After 
the  war  he  visited  the  chief  ports  of  the  conti- 
nent oil  the  Colorado,  and  for  three  years  served 
on  the  flagship  Delaware  on  an  Asiatic  cruise. 
He  was  afterwards  an  instructor  in  electricity  at 
the  naval  torpedo  station,  Newport.  In  1876 
he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  corvette  Van- 
dalia,  on  the  European  station,  and  subsequently 
this  vessel  was  for  more  than  a  year  at  the 
disposal  of  Gen.  Graut  and  party,  who  were 
then  making 'the  tour  of  the  world,  while  he 
was  thrown  into  intimate  association  with  his 
distinguished  guests.  In  1879-83  he  was  head  of 
the  department  of  ordnance  and  gunnery  at  the 
U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  and  during  the  ensuing 
four  years  was  iu  charge  of  the  navigation  office 
at  the  New  York  navy  yard.  In  1888  he  became 
a  member  of  the  advisory  board  in  charge  of 
the  construction  of  new  cruisers.  He  was  de- 
tailed, in  1895,  as  captain  of  the  yard  at  the 
Portsmouth  (N.  H.)  naval  station,  continuing 
in  that  capacity  until  he  was  raised  to  the  rank 
of  commodore.  Upon  his  retirement  he  took 
up  his  residence  at  Walpole.  In  social  circles 
Adm.  Robeson  was  always  an  attractive  and  en- 
tertaining personality.  He  greatly  enjoyed  the 
society  of  his  friends,  while  for  his  comrades 
he  cherished  the  most  kindly  regard  and  affec- 
tion. In  the  navy  he  never  shirked  a  duty  nor 
sought  a  reward  for  its  performance.  He  was 


modi-st  without  being  weak;  uncompromising 
win-re  principle  was  involved;  aggressive  where 
need  be,  but  never  offensive;  firm,  yet  never 
stubborn.  He  was  married  in  New  York  city, 
June  11,  1873,  to  Katherine  Nichols,  daughter 
of  Rev.  John  N.  Bellows.  He  died  at  Walpole, 
N.  H.,  July  16,  1914. 

GITTINGS,  William  George,  banker,  manu- 
facturer and  dairy  farmer,  was  born  in  Caledonia 
township,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  Oct.  6,  1858,  son  of 
William  ami  Elizabeth  (Gittings)  Gittmgs,  natives 
of  Wales.  William  Gittings,  father  of  our  subject, 
came  from  Newtown,  North  Wales,  in  1840,  and 
settled  near  Utica,  N.  Y.,  removing  to  Racine  co., 
Wis.,  in  1855;  he  was  a  farmer,  and  held  numerous 
local  offices.  William  G.  Gittings  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  at  Racine  Academy;  spent 
one  year  as  a  district  school  teacher;  served  seven 
years  as  superintendent  of  schools  of  Racine  county, 
and  then  became  assistant  postmaster  at  Racine. 
On  leaving  the  latter  position  he  became  secretary 
ami  manager  of  the  Gold  Medal  Camp  Furniture 
Co.  In  1907  he  was  an  organizer,  and  later  presi- 
i!i  lit  of  the  Racine  City  Bank,  incorporated  witli  a 
capital  of  $50,000.  Among  other  business  enter- 
prises he  was  the  owner  of  two  fine  dairy  farms, 
the  entire  supply  of  which  was  consumed  by  the 
Tiiternation.il  Harvester  Corporation  of  Milwaukee. 
He  took  an  active  interest  in  civic  affairs,  as  well 
as  in  Republican  politics,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Wisconsin  In- 
dustrial School,  Racine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  lodge,  chapter,  commandery  and  consist- 
ory. He  was  married  in  Caledonia  township,  Ra- 
cine co.,  Wis.,  Nov.  6,  1890,  to  Jennie,  (laughter  of 
I.  L.  S.  Bailey,  a  pioneer  of  Racine  county.  They 
had  one  child,  William  L.  Gittings,  Racine,  Wis. 
Mr.  Gittings  died  in  Racine,  Wis.,  July  11,  1918. 

ESTILL,  Thomas,  commissioner  Salvation 
Army,  was  born  at  Wliitby,  Yorkshire,  England, 
Mar.  13,  1S59,  son  of  William  and  Margaret 
(Philpot)  Estill.  His  father  was  a  master  mar- 
iner. Thomas  Estill  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Whitby.  At  eighteen  he  became 
an  officer  in  the  Salvation  Army,  with  rank  of 
lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  captain  within  ten 
days;  to  staff-captain  in  1885;  major  in  the  same 
year;  colonel  in  1S99,  completing  eleven  years' 
service  in  Great  Britain.  He  was  in  command  in 
South  Africa  during  1889-94;  in  New  South  Wales, 
Australia,  1894  to  1898;  in  New  Zealand  during 
1898-1902,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  promoted  to 
rank  of  commissioner,  the  highest  in  the  Army. 
He  was  in  command  in  Holland  during  1902-U7  ; 
in  Japan  during  1907-08,  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
appointed  commissioner  and  chief  officer  of  all  Sal- 
vation Army  operations  in  the  states  west  of  the 
Mississippi  "and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  with  head- 
quarters in  Chicago.  His  residence  is  at  Oak  Park, 
111.  He  was  married  at  Nottingham,  England, 
Feb.  5,  1883,  to  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  John 
Barber,  a  merchant  of  London,  England;  they 
have  six  children:  William  Thomas,  Herbert 
Bramwell  and  Olive  Bernice,  Salvation  Army  of- 
ficers; Reuel  Cape,  a  bookkeeper;  Katherine  Ithiell, 
and  Neriah  Holland  Estill. 

KOEHLEE,  Robert,  artist,  was  born  in  Ham 
burg,  Germany,  Nov.  28,  1850,  son  of  Ernst 
Koehler,  a  mechanic  of  unusual  skill,  who  mar- 
ried Christian  Louise,  the  daughter  of  a  masti"- 
shipbuilder,  and  a  woman  of  artistic  tastes  and 
attainments  and  an  expert  in  fine  needlework. 
In  1S54  the  family  came  to  America  and  settled 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  where  the  father  established 
his  own  machine  shop.  The  son  was  educated  in 


IIKXRY  Ii.  ROBESON 

NAVAL  OFFICER 


WILLIAM  G.  GITTINGS 

BANKER 


THOMAS  ESTILL 
REFORMER 


ROBERT  KOEHLER 
ARTIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


305 


private  academies,  and  at  an  early  age  was  specially 
proficient  in  drawing,  both  free-hand  and  me- 
chanical. When  it  came  to  the  choice  of  a  profes- 
sion, which  was  also  influenced  by  reason  of  a 
deformed  foot,  his  tastes  led  him  to  that  of  lithog- 
rapher. Apprenticed  to  a  Milwaukee  firm  of 
lithographers  he  was  trained  in  commercial  en- 
graving. Removing  to  New  York  in  1871,  he  se- 
cured employment  in  a  small  engraving  establish- 
ment, meanwhile  attending  night  classes  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  and  devoting  all  his 
spare  time  to  the  study  of  drawing.  He  studied 
at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  Munich 
in  1873-75,  and  at  the  Art  Students'  League, 
New  York.  By  hard  work  in  the  commercial 
art  field  and  devoting  his  spare  time  to  the 
study  of  painting  under  Piloty,  he  made  rapid 
progress.  A  still  life  painting  exhibited  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  in  1879  attracted 
the  notice  of  George  Ehret,  who  quite  unex- 
pectedly provided  him  with  the  means  for  con- 
tinuing his  studies  and  the  next  dozen  years 
were  spent  chiefly  in  Europe,  completing  his 
course  at  the  Royal  Academy  in  Munich  under 
Loefftz  and  Defregger,  finishing  with  his  large 
painting,  "The  Strike"  (purchased  by  subscrip- 
tion for  the  Minneapolis  public  library),  and 
which  work  made  him  a  modern  master.  For  it 
he  received  a  silver  medal  at  Munich  and  honor- 
able mention  at  the  World's  Fair,  Paris,  1889. 
"A  Holiday  Occupation,"  painted  at  that  time, 
was  exhibited  in  Philadelphia  and  acquired  for 
the  permanent  gallery  of  the  Pennsylvania  Acad- 
emy of  Fine  Arts.  He  had  been  detailed  by  the 
Munich  Artist's  Society  to  enlist  the  co-opera- 
tion of  American  artists  for  the  grand  interna- 
tional art  exhibition  to  be  held  in  Munich  in 
1883,  the  first  collective  exhibit  of  the  works  of 
American  artists  ever  seen  in  Germany.  This 
proved  such  a  unique  success  that  the  same  so- 
ciety commissioned  him  to  organize  the  American 
department  for  the  exhibition  of  188s.  His 
New  York  committee  during  his  abode  in  Munich 
failed  to  secure  the  funds  necessary  to  carry 
out  the  design  and  disbanded  on  the  eve  of  the 
day  Pres.  Cleveland  sent  his  special  message  to 
congress  in  behalf  of  the  appropriation.  This 
committee  did  not  reconvene,  whereupon  he  hur- 
riedly conferred  with  American  artists,  his  friends 
m  Paris  and  other  European  cities,  who  brought 
together  a  creditable  exhibit  and  received  a 
number  of  medals  of  award  that  exceeded  those 
received  by  the  artists  from  any  other  country. 
For  this  energy  and  labor  in  art  the  Prince 
Regent  of  Bavaria  awarded  him  the  cross  of 
the  Order  of  St.  Michael,  which  made  him  a 
knight.  In  1S89  he  took  charge  of  a  private 
art  school  in  Munich,  at  the  same  time  painting 
a  number  of  canvasses  of  distinction.  In  1892 
he  reopened  a  studio  in  New  York  city  and 
in  the  following  year  was  called  to  Minneapolis 
to  take  charge  of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts, 
which  post  he  filled,  in  spite  of  most  discourag- 
ing conditions,  for  twenty-four  years.  He  became 
director  emeritus  in  1914.  His  earnest  and  con- 
scientious work  in  Minneapolis  is  an  important 
cliapter  in  the  history  of  the  art  development  of 
the  northwest.  With  pen  and  pencil,  on  the 
lecture  platforms  and  in  the  classrooms,  he  la- 
bored indefatigably  and  unselfishly  for  the  cause. 
In  1910,  $750,000  was  pledged  for  the  building 
of  an  Art  Institute,  and  in  1915  the  Scho*l 
of  Fine  Arts  moved  into  the  new  Institute  of 
Arts,  and  later,  in  1917,  into  a  building  erected 
for  it  on  the  grounds  adjoining  t!~3  Institute  of 


Arts  as  a  memorial  to  Mrs.  Julia  Morrison.  His 
Minneapolis  school  received  the  silver  medal  at 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exhibition  in  1904,  and 
the  gold  medal  and  honorable  mention  as  the 
second  best  art  school  of  the  United  States  at 
the  Panama-Pacific  Exhibition,  1915.  His  pic- 
tures, other  than  those  already  mentioned,  in- 
clude: ''Twenty  Minutes  for  Refreshment," 
owned  by  the  Kunstverein,  Munich ;  ' '  Love 's 
Secret ;  "  "  The  Socialist ;  "  "In  the  Cafe ;  ' ' 
' '  Kaffee  Luitpold ;  "  "In  the  Carpenter  's  Fam- 
ily;" "Her  Last  Jewels;"  "Rainy  Evening;" 
"Evening  Promenade,  Platz,  Munich,"  referred 
to  by  Muther  in  his  ' '  History  of  Modern  Paint- 
ing;'" "The  First  Guests;"  "Violet;"  "In 
Summer,"  exhibited  at  the  International  Exhibi- 
tion, Buenos  Ayres,  where  it  received  a  medal 
and  brought  him  election  as  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  World's  Artists,  Paris;  "The  Artful 
Dodger ;  "  "  The  Blacksmith ;  "  "  Homeward 
Bound ;  "  "  Bavarian  Girl ;  "  "  Prosit ;  "  "At 
Lake  Minnetonka  ;  "  "  Spanish  Nobleman ;  ' ' 
' '  Listening  to  the  Sermon ;  "  "  The  Sower ; ' ' 
"Judgment  of  Paris;"  "The  Smoker;"  "An 
Old  Patrician;"  "The  Last  Token;"  "In  the 
Grip  of  Winter;"  "The  Mantle  of  Night;" 
"Salva  Luna,"  and  dozens  of  portraits,  many 
beautiful  landscapes,  marine  pictures  from  East 
Gloucester,  etchings  and  water-colors.  He  was 
author  of  "History  of  Painting  in  the  XIX 
Century  in  Germany,  Holland,  Scandinavia,  Rus- 
sia, etc."  (IS — .)  He  was  president  of  the  Minne- 
sota state  art  commission  during  1903-10,  and 
had  been  member  and  secretary  of  the  art  com- 
mission of  the  city  of  Minneapolis  since  its 
creation.  He  was  four  times  president  of  the 
American  Artists' Club,  Munich;  president  Minne- 
apolis Art  League;  president  Studio  dub,  Minne- 
apolis ;  honorary  member  Minnesota  State  Art 
Society,  of  which  he  was  president  for  seven 
years,  the  limit  of  term;  a  founder  of  the 
Munich  Teachers'  Society;  associate  member,  So- 
ciety of  Western  Artists,  and  member  also 
Munich  Artists'  Association.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  jury  of  awards  International  Art 
Exhibition,  Munich,  1883,  and  was  chairman  of 
awards  at  the  Munich  Exhibition,  1S89.  He  was 
in  Italy  with  Wriistler;  he  knew  intimately  Ed- 
win Abbey,  the  Chases  and  scores  of  other  lead- 
ing artists  both  at  home  and  abroad.  Prof. 
Koehler  was  married  in  New  York  city  Sept.  17, 
1895  to  Marie,  daughter  of  Christian  Edward 
Fischer,  who  survives  him  with  one  son,  Edwin 
Frederick  Albert  Koehler.  He  died  in  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.,  Apr.  23,  1917. 

McCOY,  Clifford  Benson,  publisher  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  at  Spring  Mountain,  Coshocton 
co.,  O.,  Dec.  31,  1867,  son  of  Corwin  and  De  Lyle  E. 
( )  McCoy,  and  of  Scotch  and  Irish  de- 
scent. His  father,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  a  mer- 
chant of  Coshocton.  The  son  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  Coshoc- 
ton and  at  Lebanon  University.  On  leaving  Leb- 
anon he  began  his  business  career  as  elerk  in  his 
father's  store.  In  1892  he  became  editor  and 
chief  owner  of  the  Coshocton  "Age,"  a  Republi- 
can weekly  newspaper,  and  in  1899  established  a 
daily  edition.  He  retired  from  the  newspaper  busi- 
ness in  1905  to  devote  his  entire  time  and  attention 
to  industrial  interests.  He  organized  the  Coshocton 
Light  &  Heating  Co.,  of  which  he  was  for  two 
years  president;  was  for  five  years  president  and 
general  manager  American  Art  Works,  and  from 
its  establishment  in  1903  was  president  of  the 
Coshocton  Glove  Co.,  with  plants  at  Coshocton  and 


31  Mi 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Urichaville,  while  from  1911  he  devoted  much  of 
his  time  to  the  duties  of  general  manager  of  the 
latter  industry.  His  public  career  began  early. 
While  yet  in  his  twenties  he  was  appointed  post- 
master at  Coshoeton,  serving  two  four-year  terms, 
and  declining  a  third  term.  While  greatly  en- 
grossed with  private  business,  he  found  time  to 
devote  to  civic  enterprises  as  well  as  to  polities. 
For  years  and  at  his  death  he  was  a  member  of 
the  advisory  committee  of  the  Republican  state 
committee;  was  delegate  to  the  Republican  na- 
tional conventions  of  1908  and  1916,  find  in  the 
former  made  the  nominating  speech  presenting 
Joseph  B.  Foraker  for  president.  From  1915  he 
was  president  of  the  Ohio  Manufacturers'  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1917  was  elected  vice-president  and 
.director  National  Association  of  Manufacturers. 
He  was  a  dominant  factor  in  all  the  local  activi- 
ties connected  with  the  European  War;  served  as 
chairman  of  his  county  chapter,  American  Red 
Cross;  was  chairman  of  the  committee  which  suc- 
cessfully conducted  the  Coshocton  county  war- 
chest  drive,  ami  was  chairman  of  the  war-chest 
board  of  control.  In  1918  an  effort  was  made  to 
have  him  lend  his  name  as  Republican  candidate' 
for  governor  of  Ohio,  but  to  these  appeals  he 
turned  a  deaf  ear.  He  was  alliliated  with  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  motoring.  He  had  a  ready  command  of 
language  and  expressed  himself  with  clearness  and 
power.  His  social  qualities  were  good.  He  was 
kind,  sympathetic,  cordial  and  courteous  in  his 
social  relations.  He  never  married.  He  died  at 
Coshoeton,  O.,  May  11,  1919. 

WEST,  John  Walter,  capitalist,  was  born  in 
Brooks  CO.,  Ga.,  Feb.  3,  1853,  sou  of  James  and 
Mary  (Hunter)  West.  His  father  was  a  planter 
and  once  represented  his  country  in  the  legislature. 
John  W.  West  received  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  supplemented  his  school  train- 
ing with  a  great  deal  of  reading  and  became  very 
well  informed  on  many  subjects.  He  began  his 
business  career  in  1S76  at  Madison  as  clerk  in  a 
dry  goods  store,  remained  there  three  years,  and 
then  went  to  Pubois,  Ga.,  arid  was  manager  of  a 
store  there  for  three  years.  In  1882  he  went  in 
the  naval  stores  business  for  himself  and  a  year 
later  went  in  the  lumber  business  at  West  Farm, 
Fla.  He  early  became  a  dominant  factor  in  the 
naval  stores  trade  and  helped  many  young  men 
to  success  in  the  business.  He  knew  a  great 
deal  about  timber  lands  and  their  possibilities, 
and  his  judgment  in  these  matters  was  fre- 
quently sought.  There  was  an  integrity  in  his 
business  relationships,  and  an  earnestness  in  his 
recognition  of  friends  which  endeared  him  to 
all  those  who  knew  him.  He  judged  people  by 
what  they  were,  not  by  their  wealth.  To  rich  and 
poor  alike  he  was  a  sympathetic,  helpful  friend. 
His  relations  with  his  family  were  ideal.  He  was 
married  at  Jennings,  Fla.,  Aug.  16,  1893,  to  Miss 
Jeaunette  Bryden  Kelly,  daughter  of  James  A. 
Kelly  of  Jennings,  formerly  Clarkton,  N.  C.  She 
survives  him  with  two  children:  James  and 
Mary.  He  died  at  Valdosta,  Ga.,  Oct.  23,  1915. 

SMITH,  Edward  Brinton,  banker,  capitalist 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Sept.  23,  1861,  son  of  Albert  Holmes  (q.v.)  and 
Emily  (Kaighn)  Smith,  and  grandson  of  Moses 
B.  Smith.  Both  his  grandfather  and  father,  gradu- 
ates of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  were  physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Albert  H.  Smith 'at- 
tained a  high  degree  of  eminence,  being  regarded 
as  one  of  the  leading  surgeons  of  the  city.  He 
resided  for  years  at  Broad  and  Chestnut  streets, 


was  president  of  the  American  Gynecological  So- 
ciety, and  honorary  member  British  Gynecological 
Society.  Edward  B.  Smith  received  his  preliminary 
education  at  William  Penn  Charter  School,  Phila- 
delphia, and  he  was  a  member  of  the  class  of 
1882  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  began 
his  business  career  in  1881  as  clerk  for  William 
G.  Hopper  i  Co.,  bankers  and  brokers,  Philadel- 
phia. Two  years  later  he  went  to  Baltimore  and 
formed  the  brokerage  firm  of  Smith  &  Hopkins. 
He  sold  this  business  in  1886  and  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  became  a  partner  of  Thomas 
R.  Tunis,  under  the  firm  style  of  Tunis  &  Smith, 
becoming  at  the  same  time  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Stock  Exchange.  In  1892  he  formed  the 
firm  of  Edward  B.  Smith  it  Co.,  in  which  his  orig- 
inal partners  were  Francis  E.  Bond  and  George  W. 
Xorris,  and  of  which  he  remained  the  head 
until  his  death.  With  main  offices  in  Philadelphia, 
this  firm  maintained  branches  in  New  York  and 
other  cities.  In  and  out  of  this  firm  he  did  a 
number  of  big  things  which  required  courage, 
decision  and  financial  skill.  In  1905  his  firm  took 
the  leadership  of  a  syndicate  which  offered  to 
advance  the  city  of  Philadelphia  $20,000,000  to 
enable  it  to  take  back  the  gas  works,  and  then  to 
lease  them  for  seventy-five  years  at  $1,250,000  per 
annum.  The  proposition  was  made  against  that 
which  the  United  Gas  Improvement  Co.  made  to 
pay  $_'•"). i )i MI, i mo  for  a  seventy-five  years'  lease, 
:uid  defeated  that  proposed  steal.  Powerful  inter- 
ests had  to  be  met  and  defied  in  that  instance, 
and  the  matter  brought  about  a  political  upheaval. 
Mayor  Weaver,  who  opposed  the  lease  submitted  to 
couucils  by  the  United  (ias  Improvement  ( '".,  dis- 
misse  [  his  director  of  public  safety  and  director 
of  public  works,  who  had  sanctioned  the  action  of 
the  ' '  gas  ring. ' '  Mass  meetings  were  held,  and 
the  finance  committee  advertised  for  bids  for  the 
leasing  of  the  gas  works.  In  addition  to  the  liber- 
ality of  the  lease  offered  by  the  Smith,  syndicate, 
it  in  addition  offered  to  divide  the  profits  with  the 
city  ami  give  an  option  on  reducing  the  price  of 
gas.  The  United  Gas  Improvement  Co.  was  forced 
to  withdraw  its  former  lease,  and  it  submitted  an- 
other which  was  passed  by  councils  over  a  great 
deal  of  opposition.  On  another  occasion  Edward 
B.  Smith  &  Co.  broke  through  the  time-honored 
custom  by  which  Philadelphia  municipal  bond 
issues  used  to  be  sold  on  all-or-none  bids  to  power- 
ful syndicates.  As  a  result  that  method  of  sale 
was  abandoned,  and  the  city  fares  better  in  con- 
sequence. He  was  one  of  the  group  of  men  who 
became  deeply  interested  in  the  rehabilitation  of 
the  Choctaw,  Oklahoma  &  Gulf  Railroad,  which  has 
since  become  an  important  part  of  the  present  Rock 
Island  system.  He  became  identified  with  the  Le- 
high  Valley  Railroad  Co.  in  1904,  heading  a  syndi- 
cate which  purchased  60,000  shares  of  stock.  He 
was  then  elected  a  director  of  the  company,  and 
immediately  set  about  to  develop  the  company  for 
the  greater"  advantage  of  stockholders.  Thereafter 
his  banking  house  participated  in  such  financing  as 
was  done  by  the  company,  and  he  was  also  made 
a  director  in  the  the  Leliigh  Valley  Transit  Co., 
which  under  his  direction  was  reorganized  and  re- 
built, subsequently  being  taken  over  by  the  Lehigh 
Power  Securities  Co.  His  banking  house  was  prim- 
arily responsible  for  making  the  Philadelphia  & 
Western  Railway  Co.  a  transportation  line  of  real 
public  value,  and  his  company  also  financed  such 
corporations  as  the  J.  G.  Brill  Co.,  and  Hale  & 
Kilburn  Co.  He  was  also  a  director  in  the  Frank- 
lin National  Bank,  Girard  Fire  Insurance  Co , 
(iirard  Fire  &  Marine  Insurance  Co.,  Am- 


iTOiAL.   CYCl-DPf-iA  CF   AMCI^CAN   SO&F»APr1v 


OF     AMERICAN      BIOGRAPHY. 


3117 


eriean  Gas  Co.,  aud  Giant  Portland  Cement  Co. 
In  11106  he  was  named  by  the  board  of  judges  a 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  city  trusts 
of  Philadelphia,  that  board  having  the  man- 
agement of  the  estate  of  Stephen  Girard  and  Gir- 
ard  College,  and  other  important  estates  and 
properties  belonging  to  the  city.  The  income  of 
the  Girard  estate  aloue  is  more  than  a  million 
dollars  annually.  The  board  therefore  had  an 
enormous  responsibility.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
in  the  work.  He  had  also  from  time  to  time 
taken  a  similar  interest  in  civic  improvement. 
Mayor  Blankenburg  made  him  a  member  of  the 
adxisory  committee  on  city  finances,  the  committee 
being  composed  of  five  of  the  leading  bankers  and 
financiers  of  Philadelphia.  During  1S82-89  he 
served  in  the  1st  troop,  Philadelphia  City  Cavalry, 
the  organization  of  the  Pennsylvania  national 
guard.  He  found  time,  despite  onerous  business 
duties,  to  devote  time  to  charitable  and  philan- 
thropic enterprise.  He  was  president  of  the  Public 
Baths  Association,  an  executive  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Society  to  Protect  Children  from  Cruelty, 
and  was  connected  with  the  Tuberculosis  Camp. 
When  America  entered  the  European  War  he  was 
a  factor  in  aiding  in  the  disposal  of  loans  and  se- 
curities, and  was  a  generous  contributor  to  all 
war  charities.  He  gave  his  fast  power  boat, 
"Vigilant,"  to  the  government  for  coast  patrol 
duty.  When  the  1st  city  troop  of  Philadelphia,  in 
which  he  maintained  honorary  membership,  was 
waiting  orders  to  go  to  the  Mexican  border, 
he  gave  it  a  machine  gun.  In  1907  he  was 
urged  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Stock  Exchange.  For  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Philadelphia  Four-in-Hand  Club, 
and  he  held  membership  also  in  the  Philadelphia, 
Rittenhouse,  Racquet,  Union  League,  Radnor  Hunt, 
Rose  Tree  Hunt,  and  White  Marsh  Valley  Hunt 
clubs  and  Corinthian  Yacht,  Philadelphia,  and 
the  I'liion  ami  New  York  Yacht  clubs,  New  York. 
His  country  home  was  ' '  Temora, ' '  in  the  Gwynedd 
valley,  although  he  usually  spent  the  greater  part 
of  the  summer  season  in  yachting.  For  some 
years  he  was  a  familiar  figure  in  coaching  parades 
in  New  York  city  ami  elsewhere.  He  was  one  of 
the  few  men  who  dared  break  through  the  tradi- 
tional financial  practices  and  alignments  so  long 
in  vogue  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  that  type  of 
man  who  feels  that,  he  has  a  just  right  to  such 
place  as  he  can  make  for  himself,  and  that  inde- 
pendent action,  even  in  the  face  of  criticism  ami 
condemnation  by  those  who  stand  by  old  orders 
of  things,  should  not  be  turned  aside  from  its 
course.  He  won  both  position  and  great  wealth 
in  the  financial  world,  and  he  also  won  and  kept 
a  legion  of  staunch  and  stalwart  friends  who  loved 
his  genial  presence,  hearty  good  nature  and  at- 
tractive personality.  He  could  play  and  frolic 
with  the  gusto  of  youth ;  he  was  a  welcome  guest 
and  a  liberal  host ;  he  liked  business  and  worked 
hard  at  it,  but  he  also  enjoyed  club  and  country 
life,  and  was  an  enthusiastic  horseman  and  rider 
to  the  hounds.  He  had  a  distinguished  presence, 
a  mind  of  an  unusual  intellectuality,  a  common 
sense  which  never  failed  him,  an  honesty  impreg- 
nable to  assault,  devotion  to  duty,  an  unfaltering 
assiduity  in  the  discharge  of  obligations,  and  an 
unblemished  character.  He  married  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Apr.  11,  1888,  Laura  Howell,  daughter 
of  John  Storey  Jenks,  a  woolen  merchant  of  Phil- 
adelphia; she  survived  him,  with  four  children: 
Capt.  Albert  Lawrence,  U.  S.  A.;  Ensign  Edward 
B.,  Jr.,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.;  John  Story  and  Geoffrey 
S.  Smith.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  7,  1918. 


HILL,  Agnes  Leonard,  author,  was  born  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Jan.  20,  1842,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Oliver  Langdon  and  Agnes  Howard  (Sayle) 
Leonard.  On  the  paternal  side  she  was  descended 
from  the  English  Earls  of  Sussex,  one  of  whose 
house  came  to  New  England  in  early  colonial  days 
and  in  giatitude  for  his  safe  landing  named  his 
first  child  born  on  American  soil  "Preserved,"  and 
this  name  was  given  to  the  oldest  son  for  several 
generations.  One  of  these,  Preserved  Leonard, 
married  Joanna  Laugdon,  daughter  of  John  Lang- 
don (q.v.),  presiding  officer  of  the  first  U.  S. 
senate  and  a  signer  of  the  constitution,  and  they 
were  the  grandparents  of  our  subject.  Her  first 
American  ancestor  on  the  maternal  side  was  Louis 
Francois  Phillip  Jacob  Copeland  Irion  (later 
spelled  Arion),  a  French  nobleman  who  settled  in 
Virginia  during  the  French  revolution.  Dr.  Oliver 
Langdon  Leonard  was  a  well  known  educator, 
president  of  the  Masonic  College  at  La<> range  and 
of  the  Henry  Female  College  at  New  Castle.  Ky., 
and  he  founded  the  Inductive  Academy  at  Lex- 
ington, Ky.  He  evolved  from  Pestalozzi 's  theories 
a  method  of  education  which  he  defined  as  "te.irh- 
ing  a  child  to  grow  Ids  own  thoughts  rather  than 
repeat,  parrot-like,  the  thoughts  of  others.  "  Agnes 
was  educated  under  the  direction  of  her  father 
and  .it  the  Henry  Female  College,  where  she  was 
ui.-nliiated  in  1MJ2.  At  four  years  of  age  she 
could  write  a  simple  letter,  and  before  the  usual 
period  she  was  taught  grammar,  algebra,  and 
geometry.  At  the  age  of  eight  or  nine  she  was 
taught  to  turn  her  thoughts  into  rhyme,  and  at 
thirteen  her  verses  were  published  in  the  Louis- 
ville "Courier."  Soon  after  this  her  name  became 
well  known  as  subscribed  to  verses,  sketches  and 
short  stories,  published  in  the  ' '  New  York  Week- 
ly "  and  "Knickerbocker  Magazine''  and  sevrial 
Chicago  papers.  Her  first  work  as  an  editorial 
writer  was  on  the  "Chicago  Times"  under  the 
regime  of  Wilbur  F.  Story  and  she  later  became 
an  editorial  contributor  to  the  "  Chicago  Tribune,  " 
"Inter  Ocean"  and  other  leading  dailies.  At 
various  times  she  was  editor  of  "Sorosis"  and 
the  "Elite  News"  in  Chicago  and  published  a 
magazine,  "Home  and  Society,"  also  "Western 
Society;"  these  magazines  published  by  her  dealt 
with  ethical  subjects  and  emphasized  the  impor- 
tance of  good  manners.  Mrs.  Hill  went  to  Colo- 
rado in  the  80  's  to  assist  her  brother,  Percy 
Allan  Leonard,  who  was  engaged  in  newspaper 
work  in  the  West.  Many  of  her  poems,  stories 
aud  philosophical  studies  were  published  in  ' '  The 
Daily  Dispatch ' '  of  Leadville,  Colorado,  the 
"CharTee  County  Times"  of  Buena  Vista,  Colo- 
rado, and  several  other  publications  owned  by  her 
brother.  She  also  contributed  to  leading  Denver 
newspapers.  Her  published  books  included  two 
novels,  "Vanquished"  (1866)  and  "Heights  and 
Depths"  (1871),  two  books  of  verse  "Myrtle 
Blossoms"  (1SU3)  and  "Said  Confidentially" 
i  I'.MIL"),  a  book  on  conversation  entitled  "Hints  on 
How  to  Talk"  (1901),  "What  Makes  Social  Lead- 
ership," "How  to  Give  Gifts  Acceptably"  (1903), 
"The  Coming  Religion"  (1900),  and  "Evidences 
of  Reincarnation"  (1903).  Some  of  her  writings 
appeared  under  the  pseudonym  "  Mollie  Myrtle" 
and  also  "Garth  Godfrey."  In  addition  she  left 
many  unpublished  writings  which  are  being  ar 
ranged  by  her  children.  As  a  lecturer  Mrs.  Hill 
was  held  in  high  esteem,  among  her  themes  being 
English  and  American  literature  and  social  ques- 
tions in  theii  various  aspects.  During  the  last  year 
of  her  life  she  lectured  on  temperance  and  edu- 


308  THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOP^iUlA 

cation  in  the  West  and  South  ancl  gave  several  equilibrium  mechanism  of  the  ear.  On  this  sub- 
courses  of  parlor  lectures.  Evangelical  work  was  an  ject  a  number  of  papers  have  been  published,  the 
important  part  of  Mrs.  Hill's  activities;  she  was  chief  of  which  are:  "The  effects  of  stimulation 
assistant  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  Universalist  Church  anil  extirpation  of  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  and 
in  Chicago  in  1S96  ancl  occupied  as  temporary  their  relation  to  the  motor  system"  (read  before 
supply  various  pulpits  in  Colorado,  Illinois  and  the  Royal  Society  of  London  and  published  in  the 
Connecticut.  She  went  to  England  and  France  in  Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Society,  series 
1004-05  and  while  in  England" held  a  pastorate  in  B.  vol.  203,  1912,  pp.  127-160),  and  "The  mechan- 
a  Congregational  church  at  Wollaston.  She  also  ism  of  labyrinthine  nystagmus  ami  its  modification 
founded  a  children 's  temperance  society  and  mis-  by  lesions  in  the  cerebellum  and  cerebrum — An 
sion  in  England.  Mrs.  Hill  did  much  prison  work,  experimental  investigation"  (read  before  the  17th 
She  spoke  to  convicts  in  penitentiaries  and  visited  International  Congress  of  Medicine,  London, 
jails  and  prisons  in  different  parts  of  the  United  1913).  As  the  result  of  investigations  carried  on 
States.  She  was  a  brilliant  conversationalist  and  in  England  and  France  on  cases  of  deafness,  re- 
possessed a  vivid  personality  of  unusual  charm,  suiting  from  shell  fire,  Dr.  Wilson  published  sev- 
She  was  n  deep  student  of  psychology,  and  her  eral  articles  in  the  medical  journals,  and  in  1918 
qiiick  perception  and  sympathetic  imagination  ren-  delivered  a  Harvey  lecture  in  New  York  on  the 
dered  her  remarkably  able  to  understand  peopli;  pathology  and  treatment  of  shell  concussion  cleaf- 
of  all  classes  and  a'dapt  herself  to  their  needs,  ness.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  ir  fishing.  He 
She  loved  her  home  and  was  intensely  maternal,  was  married,  Sept.  8,  1900,  to  Lilias,  daughter  of 
often  lamenting  the  demands  of  her  career  whicli  Thompson  .1.  Aimers,  of  Dublin,  Ireland, 
drew  her  from  the  shelter  of  the  fireside.  She  STRONG,  William  Thaddeus,  educator  and 
was  twice  married:  (1)  Oct.  29,  1868,  to  Dr.  Sim-  diplomat,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Sept.  24, 
eon  Edwin  Scanland  of  Kentucky;  there  was  one  1854,  son  of  Edward  and  Margaret  Scott  (Sher- 
child  by  this  union,  Edith  Scanland.  Dr.  Scanland  man)  Strong,  and  grandson  of  WilKam  Light- 
died  in  April,  1871,  and  ihe  was  married  (2)  May  bourne  and  Harriet  (Demming)  Strong.  On  the 
15,  1^72,  to  Samuel  Howe  Hill  of  Bangor,  Maine,  maternal  side  he  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Roger 
a  grandson  of  Samuel  Howe,  of  Boston,  and  re-  Sherman,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
lated  to  Elias  Howe,  inventor  of  the  sewing  ma-  Independence.  His  father,  Rev.  Edward  Strong, 
chine.  There  were  three  children  of  the  marriage:  D.D.,  ->f  New  Haven  and  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  was 
Percy  Leonard  Hill,  Marie  Olive  Hill,  and  Agnes  a  minister  of  the  South  Congregational  Church 
Leonard  Hill,  who  married  William  Arthur  Veyce.  and  a  descendant  of  Elder  John  Strong,  one  of 
Mrs.  Hill  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  .Ian.  20,  1917.  the  early  Puritans.  William  T.  Strong  received 
WILSON,  John  Gordon,  physician,  surgeon  his  preparatory  education  at  Thomas  Henness' 
and  scientist,  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  German  School,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  at  Williston 
Dec.  10,  1864,  son  of  John  and  Grace  (Glass)  Wil-  Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  and  was  graduated 
son.  His  father  was  associated  with  Rev.  Dr.  A.B.  with  honors  at  Yale  College  in  1876.  He  at 
Outhrie  in  Edinburgh  in  teaching  manual  training,  once  prepared  himself  for  teaching  by  obtaining, 
John  Gordon  Wilson  received  his  preliminary  edu-  after  pursuing  a  condensed  course,  the  diploma 
cation  in  St.  Bernard's  School,  and  the  Normal  of  the  Westfield  State  Normal  School,  and  by 
School,  Edinburgh.  He  was  graduated  at  Edin-  fitting  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  the  son  of  Chief- 
burgh  University  in  1885  with  the  degree  M.A.,  Justice  William  Strong,  for  Princeton.  For  seven 
receiving  the  degrees  M.B.  and  C.M.  from  that  years  thereafter  he  taiught  in  the  Boston  Latin 
institution  in  1889.  During  1890-91  he  was  a  School  (founded  1634),  and  was  a  frequent  con- 
student  at  the  Universities  of  Berlin  and  Vienna,  tribntor  to  the  Boston  press,  at  the  same  time 
He  was  dispensary  surgeon  to  Victoria  Infirmary,  taking  his  M.A.  degree  from  Yale  in  modern 
Glasgow,  during  J894-1900.  He  came  to  America  languages.  In  consequence  of  this  and  five  years 
in  1900,  settling  in  Chicago,  and  until  1908  was  of  work  abroad,  partly  as  secretary  of  legation 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Chi-  and  charge  d'  affaires  at  Vienna,  and  partly  as 
cago  as  instructor  and  assistant  professor  of  student  at  Leipzig,  Munich  and  Bonn,  he  was 
anatomy.  Since  the  latter  year  he  has  been  pro-  appointed  instructor  in  German  and  French  at 
fessor  of  otology  and  head  01  the  department,  Yale  University  in  1888.  In  1890  he  returned  to 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School.  As  a  Boston,  to  continue  the  same  work  in  the  English 
physician  he  specializes  in  diseases  of  the  ear,  High  School.  For  three  years  he  was  a  member 
nose  and  throat.  During  1916-17  he  served  with  Of  the  College  Entrance  Examination  Board  and 
the  Canadian  and  British  army  medical  corps,  for  a  long  time  was  one  of  the  officers  of  L  'Alliancr 
with  rank  of  captain,  and  investigated  the  effects  Francaise.  During  thirteen  years  he  organized  and 
of  high  explosive  shells  on  the  ear.  Since  1915  he  built  up  the  Spanish  department  in  the  English 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Institute  of  Medicine,  High  School ;  by  request  of  the  head  of  the 
Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  "the  American  Modern  Language  department  made  for  his  use 
Anatomical  Association,  American  Laryngological  detailed  reviews  of  German  books;  and  by  request 
Association,  American  Otological  Society,  Ameri-  of  the  supervisors  of  Boston  public  schools  made, 
can  Medical  Ass  'n,  and  of  the  University  and  for  their  use,  examinations  of  Spanish  books  and 
Quadrangle  clubs,  Chicago.  He  has  been  en-  corrected  papers  of  Spanish  examinations  given  to 
gaged  in  scientific  research  for  a  number  of  teachers.  Aside  from  his  work  on  the  daily  press, 
years.  In  1909  a  paper  of  his  was  read  be-  his  principal  writings  are,  first,  a  contribution 
fore  the  Royal  Society  of  London  in  which  the  sent  to  the  U.  S.  government,  at  their  request,  re- 
nerves  and  ganglion  cells  of  the  atrio-ventricular  Carding  the  dual  system  of  ventilation  in  the 
bundle  in  the  heart  muscle  were  illustrated  and  Vienna  Court  Opera  House,  to  be  used  for  future 
described.  In  1911  he  published  in  the  "  Anatomi-  government  buildings  in  Washington;  and  second, 
cal  Journ:  "  the  first  description  of  the  nerves  an  article  on  the  "Fueros, "  in  the  "Political 
and  nerve  endings  in,  the  drum  membrane  of  the  Science  Quarterly ' '  for  June,  1S93,  and  contribu- 
ear  if  man.  Since  1908  he  has  been  engaged  in  tions  to  "Outing"  and  other  magazines.  In  1915 
a  series  of  investigations  along  with  Prof.  Pike  he  retired  from  active  work  on  the  advice  of 
of  Columbia  University  on  the  physiology  of  the  physicians.  He  was  a  members  of  the  Castiliaa 


AGNES  L.   1 1  ILL 
AUTHOR 


JOHN  G.  WILSON 

FHYSU IAN   AND   SURGEON 


WILLIAM  T.  STRONG 
EDUCATOR 


FRANKLIN  P.  SMITH 
MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


309 


Club,  Boston  (vice-president,  1891)  ;  Yale  Alumni 
Association  (member  executive  committee,  1891)  ; 
Spanish  Club,  Boston,  (director,  1907-191S)  ;  Cercle 
Francais  de  Victor  Hugo  (president  1907-08)  ; 
Bostoner  Deutsche  Gesellschaft  (190S-11);  Boston 
Group  of  New  England  Modern  Language  Associa- 
tion (chairman  1910-11)  ;  board  of  trustees.  Posse 
Normal  School  of  Gymnastics,  Boston  (director, 
1911-19).  He  was  married,  July  6,  1904,  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  to  Baroness  Rose  Posse  (widow  of 
Baron  Nils  Posse,  of  Stockholm,  Sweden,)  born 
Rose  Moore  Smith,  daughter  of  Foster  Waldo 
Smith,  of  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  died  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass.,  April  22,  lill'.l. 

SMITH,    Franklin   Pratt,    manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Sept.  ::<>,  1864,  son  of  Ebeu 
Byron  and  Harriet  Newell  (Barnum)  Smith.     His 
en'rliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Hezekiah 
Smith,  who  came  from  England  about  1745,  located 
first  at  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  later  settled  at  Cole- 
rain,   Franklin   Co.,   Mass.      His   wife   was    Eunice 
Muii-is,   and    from    them    the    line    of    descent    is 
traced  through  their  son  Rominor,  Jr.,  and  his  wife 
Hannah    Wilkinson,    to    their    sou    Rominor    Smith 
and   his  wife   Sallie   Willis,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Franklin  P.  Smith.     The  name  of  Heze- 
kiah  Smith   (1)    appears  among  a  list  of  officers 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  militia  chosen  by 
that  body  in  1776.  as  1st  major  of  the  5th  New 
Hampshire  regiment.     On  the  distaff  side  Franklin 
Pratt  Smith  is  a   descendant  of  Hopestill  Willis, 
of  Sudbury,  who  marched  on  the  Lexington  Alarm, 
and  later  was  a  lieutenant  under  Gen.  Gates.    Eben 
Byron  Smith,  his  father,  became  a  pioneer  resident 
of  Detroit,   Midi.,   where   lie  entered   into   partner- 
ship in  the  wholesale  dry  goods  business  with  Zaeh- 
ariah  Chandler  (q.  v.),  the  statesman.     In  1862  he 
settled   in   Chicago   and  engaged   in   the   same   line 
under  the  firm  style  of  Partridge  <V   Smith;  subse- 
quently   was    a    partner    in    the    firm    of    Hamlin, 
Hale  &  Co.,  and  during  1887-98  was  in  partnership 
with   his  sou,  our  subject.     Franklin   P.   Smith   re- 
ceived   his   education    in   the    grammar    and    high 
si  'iimN   of  his  native   city.     As  a  youth   he  begun 
his    business   career    in    the    service    of    Laugdon, 
Shepanl     A;     Co.,    railroad    contractors,    St.    Paul, 
Minn.     In   1882   he  became  a  bookkeeper  for  the 
Chicago  Wire  &  Iron  Works,  of  which  he  subse- 
quently became  owner,  in  1884,  having  previously 
been  secretary  of  the  company  for  a  period.     In 
ISs"   he  reorganized  the  bu.-inoss  and  changed  the 
firm  name  to  the  F.  P.  Smith  Wire  &  Iron  Works, 
of  which  he  is  still  the  executive  head.     This  con- 
cern   manufactures    ornamental    iron    and    bronze, 
wire-cloth,    stable    fittings,    iron    fences,    builders' 
iron   work,   guards   and  railings,   and   as   iron   and 
bronze  founders  is  widely  known  to  the  trade.     It 
has   an   investment   of  $600,000,   and   annual   sales 
approximating   $500,000.     Ho  was  for  three  years 
president  of  the  Architectural  Iron  League  of  Chi- 
cago;  was  for  ten  years  a  director  of  the  National 
Association  of  Ornamental   Iron  &  Bronze  Manu- 
facturers.   He   is  life  member   Art    Institute,   Chi 
cago,   Sons   of    the   Revolution;    member    National 
Founders'    Association,    Chicago     Association    of 
Commerce,    Chicago    Association    of    Credit    Men, 
Chicago    Builders'    and    Traders'    Exchange,    Illi- 
nois   Manufacturers'    Association,    Navy    League 
of  the  United  States,  Masonic  fraternity,  Chicago 
Athletic  Association,  and  the  Chicago  Yacht,  Chi- 
cago   Automobile,    Ontwentsia,    and    South    Shore 
Country   clubs,  Chicago,   and   Winter   Club,   Lake 
Forest.     He  is  an  attendant  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian church,  Lake  Forest.     His  political  affilia- 
tion is  with  the  "Republican  party.     He  fiuds  his 


chief  recreation  in  tennis,  golf  and  automobiling. 
He  was  married  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Feb.  7,  1901, 
to  Daisy,  daughter  of  Henry  C.  Durand,  a  whole- 
sale grocer  of  Chicago,  111. ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren: Durand,  Daisiana,  and  Hoyt  Smith.  His 
summer  residence  is  "Clover  Nook,"  Lake  Forest. 
(Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 

Mac  KELLAB-,  James,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Aug.  s,  1S64,  sou 
of  Archibald  and  Lillias  Wood  (Mclntyre)  Mac 
Kcllar,  and  came  with  them  to  the  United  States 
in  1805,  settling  in  Philadelphia.  His  father,  who 
had  been  a  sailor,  served  in  the  British  and  Bra- 
zilian navies,  and  in  the  Federal  navy  during  the 
civil  war,  and  had  also  seen  service  in  the  Indian 
mutiny  and  in  the  Crimean  war.  The  son  was 
reared  largely  in  Canada.  He  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  public  schools  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  was  graduated  at  Medieo-Chirurgical 
College,  Philadelphia,  in  1891  with  the  degree  of 
M.D.  In  that  year  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Jeddo,  Pa.,  in  association  with  Dr. 
Kalb;  laeeame  assistant  to  Dr.  William  R.  Long- 
shore, Hazelton,  Pa.,  in  1895,  and  from  1901  prac- 
ticed independently  at  Hazelton.  He  had  a  large 
clientele  throughout  the  coal  regions.  He  volun- 
teered his  services  for  the  European  war,  but 
much  to  his  regret  was  not  accepted.  He  served, 
however,  as  a  member  of  the  legal  exemption 
hoard,  and  had  also  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  health,  of  which  he  was  president.  He  held  a 
high  place  in  Masonry  and  was  a  member  also  of 
the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
Grand  Fraternity,  Luzerne  County  Medical  Society, 
Society  of  Physicians  of  Hazelton  ami  Vicinity. 
Alumni  Association  of  Medico-Chirurgical  College, 
Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society,  and  Ameri- 
can .Medical  Association.  He  was  examining  phy- 
sician for  many  of  the  large  insurance  companies 
and  fraternal  societies  and  for  the  Lehigh  Trac- 
tion Co.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  and  he 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Baptist  church.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  literary  studies,  also 
in  automobiling.  Entirely  self-made,  he  had 
worked  his  way  through  college.  His  dominating 
characteristics  were  a  keen  judgment,  a  kin  ll\ 
sympathy,  and  a  quiet  but  forceful  manner,  lie 
was  a  splendid  judge  of  human  nature.  His  pro- 
fessional skill  he  held  in  trust  for  his  fellow  men. 
Poverty  always  found  him  ready  and  willing  to 
relieve  suffering  and  affliction.  He  was  married 

(1)  -at   Coldstream,  Out.,  Can.,  May  10,  1S94,  to 
Emily,   daughter   of  Jacob    Marsh,   a    merchant  of 
Coldstream;    she  died  in   1S98.     He  was   married 

(2)  at   Enimaus,  Pa.,  June  12,  1907,  to  Annie  L., 
daughter  of  William  F.  Martz,  an  accountant  and 
business  manager  of  Hazelton;   she  survived  him, 
with  two  children:    Emily  Louise,  an  educator,  and 
Gordon    MacKellar,    a    civil    engineering    student 
(Cornell,    '20).    He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug. 
.'U,  191S. 

BRINTON,  Joseph  Painter,  lawyer  and  rail- 
road executive,  was  born  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.,  July  22,  1S35,  son  of  Ferree  and  Elizabeth 
(Sharpless)  Brintou.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  William  Brinton,  who 
came  from  England  in  1684  and  settled  in 
Birmingham  township,  Chester  county.  Pa.;  his 
wife  was  Anne  Bagley,  and  from  them  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  William 
and  his  wife,  Jean  Thatcher:  their  son  Joseph 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Pierce;  their  son  Moses  and 
his  wife,  Eleanor  Vernon,  and  their  son  William 
and  his  wife,  Lydia  Ferree,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Joseph  Painter  Brinton.  Joseph 


310 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Tirinton  3d  served  as  associate  judge  of  the 
rouits  of  Chester  county  in  1730-51,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  assembly.  Ferree 
Briiiton,  father  of  our  subject,  also  served  as 
associate  judge  and  was  a  large  landholder  in 
Lancaster  county.  .Joseph  Painter  Brinton  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  at  Westtown 
(Pa.)  Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  the  law 
ehool  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1855  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  immediately  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Philadelphia.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  went  to  the 
front  as  a  member  of  the  1st  troop,  Philadel- 
phia city  cavalry,  and  at  the  end  of  three  months' 
service1  was  mustered  into  the  federal  service 
for  three  years.  Re-enlisting  as  major,  he  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  2nd  Pa. 
Vol.  C'av.  in  IMii'.  He  was  breveted  colonel  in 
18<i4.  and  honorably  discharged  within  a  few 
months  of  the  close  of  the  war.  He  participated 
in  the  chief  battles  ami  engagements  of  the 
army  of  the  Potomac,  including  Wilderness, 
Fredericksburg  and  Gettysburg.  He  served  on 
Gen.  Meade's  staff,  and  for  a  period  was  .in dire 
advocate  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac.  After 
the  war  he  was  breveted  brigadier-general.  He 
then  resumed  his  law  practice;  became  presi- 
dent of  several  small  corporations  and  of  the 
Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad 
(Pennsylvania  system)  Co.,  to  which  position  he 
was  elected  in  1881,  resigning  in  1891  because 
of  impaired  health.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
higher  social,  intellectual  and  ethical  life  of  his 
adopted  city,  and  to  all  the  enterprises  and 
undertakings  in  which  he  was  interested  he  gave 
conscientious,  intelligent  and  untiring  supp"it. 
He  held  membership  in  the  Rittenhouse,  Phila- 
delphia and  Penn  clubs,  Philadelphia,  and  in  the 
Westmoreland  Club,  Richmond,  Va.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  literary  studies,  horseback 
riding,  agricultural  pursuits  and  in  travel,  hav- 
ing visited  Europe,  Egypt,  the  Great  Desert, 
Holy  Land,  India,  China  and  Japan.  In  his 
private  life  he  was  courteous  and  gentle,  and 
throughout  his  life  represented  and  illustrated 
the  highest  type  of  manhood  and  citizenship. 
He  was  married  Apr.  5,  1ST  7,  to  Kate,  daugh- 
ter of  Paul  Henry  Mallet-Prevost,  a  banker  of 
Philadelphia ;  and  she  survived  him  with  three 
children:  Natalie  Mallet-Prevost,  wife  of  Carroll 
Hodse,  Philadelphia ;  Charles  Chauncey,  presi- 
dent of  the  Keystone  Coal  Co.  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, Philadelphia,  and  Paul  Henry  Mallet- 
Prevost  Brintou,  professor  of  chemistry,  Uni- 
versity of  Arizona,  Tucson.  He  died  at  his 
summer  home,  "Frampton, "  Devon,  Pa.,  Sept. 
2.r>,  1915. 

KOLLEN,  George  Edward,  lawyer  and  banker, 
was  born,  at  Overisel,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  Jan.  24, 
1871,  son  of  John  and  Johanna  (Wormser)  Kollen. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Overisel,  Netherlands,  was 
a  merchant.  George  E.  Kolleu  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  public  schools.  He  was 
graduated  at  Hope  College,  Holland,  Mich.,  in 
1892,  with  the  degree  A.B.,  and  at  the  college  of 
law  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1893  with 
the  degree  LL.B.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Michigan  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Holland,  Mich.  In  1901 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Gerrit  J.  Diekema, 
under  the  firm  style  of  Diekema  &  Kollen,  which 
firm  tubsequently  became  Diekema,  Kollen  &  Ten 
Gate,  the  junior  partner  being  Daniel  Ten  Gate. 
One  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  Western  Michigan, 


he  participated  as  counsel  on  one  side  or  tin- 
other  in  practically  all  of  the  important  cases 
known  to  Ottawa  county  in  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  lie  was  confidential  adviser  of  many  important 
roinmercial,  industrial  or  financial  institution!-. 
He  served  for  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  and 
as  city  attorney,  and  was  a  factor  in  drawing  up 
Holland's  charter.  He  was  president  of  the  Hol- 
land Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  served  as  circuit 
court  commissioner.  Aside  from  his  professional 
activities  he  was  a  director  in  the  Holland  Sugar 
Co.,  First  State  Bank  of  Holland,  DePree  Chemi- 
cal Co.,  Ohio  Sugar  Co.,  Superior  Foundry  Co., 
Holland  Canning  Co.,  and  Columbus  (0.)  Heating 
&  Ventilating  Co.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
church.  He  combined  many  qualities  of  business 
leadership  and  found  in  work  the  recreation  that 
'•nine  men  find  in  sports.  He  was  married  at  Hol- 
land, Mich.,  June  20,  1894,  to  Martha,  daughter 
of  Wiepke  Diekema,  a  farmer,  of  Holland;  she 
survives  him,  with  two  adopted  children:  John 
Lloyd  and  Helena  Kollen.  He  died  at  Holland, 
Feli.  4,  1919. 

EOBINSON,  Oliver  Pearce,  physician,  planter 
and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Fayetteville,  N.  C., 
t  lit.  26,  1853,  son  of  Benjamin  W.  and  Joanna 
(Huske)  Robinson.  Benjamin  W.  Robinson,  his 
father,  was  an  eminent  surgeon  of  North  Carolina. 
Oliver  Pearce  Robinson  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine under  the  preceptorship  of  his  father,  and 
was  graduated  at  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New 
York  City,  with  the  degree  M.D.  He  then  began 
practice  at  Fayetteville  in  association  with  his 
father,  but  in  1880  he  moved  to  Arkansas,  locat- 
ing on  a  plantation  in  Pulaski  county.  He  there 
devoted  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  planting, 
and  did  not  again  follow  his  profession.  In  1900 
he  settled  at  Little  Rock,  and  he  soon  came  to  play 
an  important  part  in  its  business  and  social  life, 
as  well  as  in  social,  intellectual,  ethical  and  civic 
matters.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  telephone  construc- 
tion in  rural  sections  of  the  state.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  president- of  the  Arkansas 
Kuilding  &  Loan  Association,  and  of  the  Charles 
F.  Penzel  Grocery  Co.,  and  vice-president  of  the 
German  National  Bank  and  the  Retail  Grocers ' 
Ice  Co.,  and  was  an  associate  member  of  the  Little 
Rock  cotton  exchange.  He  attended  Christ  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Church,  and  his  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  took  no 
active  part  in  politics  and  never  cared  for  public 
office.  He  was  married  on  June  2S,  1877,  to 
Laura,  daughter  of  William  S.  Pemberton.  a 
planter,  near  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  and  a  member  of 
the  distinguished  North  Carolina  family  of  that 
name.  She  survived  him,  with  one  child,  Alice, 
now  Mrs.  Gordon  Campbell,  Little  Rock.  He  died 
at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  Feb.  21,  1917. 

MAYNAKD,  George  Colton,  curator  and 
electrical  engineer,  was  born  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich., 
Oct.,  23,  l,s:',9,  son  of  Charles  Moseley  and  So- 
phronia  (Colton)  Maynard.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  John  (called  Sir  John) 
Maynard,  who  came  from  England  in  1638  and 
settled  at  Sudbury,  Mass.  From  him  and  his  wife 
Mary,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  John  and  his  wife  Mary  Gates;  their  son 
David  and  his  wife  Hannah  Wait ;  their  son 
Ebenezer  and  his  wife  Amy  Dodge;  their  son 
Malachi  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Hines,  to  their 
son  Ezra  Maynard  and  his  wife  Raney  Moseley, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  George  Colton  May- 
nard. The  subject  was  a  cousin  of  Dr.  Edward 
Maynard  (q.v. ),  the  dental  surgeon  and  inventor 


JOSEPH  P.  BRINTON 

LAWYER 


GEORGE  E.  KOLLEN 

LAWYER 


OLIVER  P.  ROBINSON 

PLANTER 


GEORGE  C.  MAYNARD 

ELECTRICAL  ENGINEER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


of  the  Maynard  rifle,  and  of  George  W.  Maynard, 
(q.v.),the  artist.  Charles  Moseley  Maynard,  father 
of  our  subject,  was  a  native  of  Dalton,  Mass.,  and 
his  mother,  Sophronia  Coltou,  was  from  Long 
Meadow,  Mass.,  a  descendant  of  Quartermaster 
George  Colton.  The  son  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  public  schools  and  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  private  tutors,  and  subsequently  took  a 
special  course  in  the  scientific  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  he  went  to  Washington  and 
joined  the  military  telegraph  corps  under  Gen. 
Thomas  T.  Eckert  (q.v.),  being  employed  as 
cipher  operator  in  the  war  department.  Subse- 
quently he  became  chief  operator  in  Washington 
for  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  He  resinned 
government  work,  with  the  U.  S.  signal  service,  in 
1S70,  and  organized  the  telegraph  system  of  the 
weather  bureau,  continuing  with  the  signal  service 
for  six  years.  In  1876  he  established  himself  as 
an  independent  electrical  engineer  in  Washington, 
also  conducting  an  electrical  supply  business.  He 
was  closely  associated  with  the  early  development 
of  the  telephone.  In  1877  lie  constructed  and 
leased  wires  for  private  telephone  lines;  organized 
the  first  exchange  in  Washington,  with  twenty 
subscribers,  and  held  its  management  until  Ivsj, 
continuing  the  private  line  interests  for  several 
years  thereafter.  He  was  with  the  Bell  Telephone 
Co.  during  1S78-S.'!.  At  one  time  he  was  pro- 
prietor of  Martha's  Vineyard  Telegraph  Co.,  hav- 
ing purchased  from  the  government  the  cable  con- 
necting Woods  Hole  with  Martha  's  Vineyard  and 
Xantucket.  In  IS'lij  he  was  appointed  custodian 
of  the  electrical  collections  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum (Smithsonian  Institution),  Washington,  hav- 
ing been  detailed  to  collect  and  arrange  this  ex- 
hibit. Afterward  he  was  made  curator  of  the  de- 
partment of  mechanical  technology  ami  remained 
in  that,  relation  until  his  death.  His  last  import- 
ant work,  in  this  connection,  was  hanging  for  dis- 
play in  the  Museum  the  original  Langley  Hying 
machine.  He  was  an  authority  on  firearms,  and 
was  much  consulted  by  collectors  and  others  in- 
tere^ted  in  the  subject.  He  organized,  and  for 
several  years  was  secretary  of  the  Telegraphers' 
Historical  Association  of  North  America,  which 
at  the  Montreal  reunion  of  1901  was  amalgamated 
with  the  Old  Time  Telegraphers,  the  name  being 
changed  to  the  Old  Time  Telegraphers'  &  II i-- 
torical  Association;  was  past  president  (1*91) 
Old  Time  Telegraphers;  was  past  governor  (1901) 
Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  and  for  many  terms  on 
the  board  of  management  <>f  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution;  member  of  U.  S.  Military 
Telegraph  Society;  Telephone  Pioneers'  Associa- 
tion; American  Anthropological  Association; 
American  Society  of  Electrical  Engineers;  and 
the  Cosmos  Club,  Washington.  He  wrote  much  on 
electrical  and  telegraphic  subjects.  He  was  a 
Congregationalist,  and  a  member  of  the  Republi- 
can party.  At  his  death  his  associates  in  the 
Smithsonian  inscribed  resolutions  declaring  that 
his  exceptional  abilities  had  been  of  the  highest 
importance  in  the  development  of  the  branch  of 
applied  science  to  which  the  later  years  of  his  life 
were  devoted;  that  in  his  death  the  art  of  trans 
mitting  information  through  the  medium  of  the 
electric  telegraph  and  telephone  lost  one  of  its 
ablest  workers  and  one  who  had  contributed  most 
effectively  to  the  history  of  these  branches  and  to 
the  preservation  of  the  material  evidences  of  the 
various  steps  which  led  from  the  simplest  begin- 
nings to  the  marvelous  achievements  of  the  pres- 
3iit  day.  He  was  a  notable  figure  in  the  history 


of  the  electric  telegraph.  He  was  married  at 
Hallstead,  Pa.,  Apr.  10,  1879,  to  Lucy  Julia, 
daughter  of  Henry  Warner,  and  Julia  Truesdell 
Warner;  she  survived  him,  with  two  children: 
Henry  Warner  Maynard,  of  New  York,  and 
George  Maudesley  Mnynard  of  Washington.  He 
died  in  Washington,  I).  C.,  July  2s,  Uiis. 

FEHRS  Rudolph  Godfrey,  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  at  Zurich,  Switzerland,  July  1. 
1850.  He  came  to  America  with  his  uncle  at 
the  age  of  nine,  settling  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where 
he  received  a  public  school  education.  He  began 
his  career  in  the  meat  and  provision  business  and 
soon  built  up  for  himself  a  large  trade.  In  1898 
he  founded  the  Nashville  Abattoir,  Hide  &  Melting 
Association,  and  was  its  president  until  his  death. 
His  interest  in  civic  affairs  was  keen.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of  Nash- 
ville, in  which  he  exhibited  broad  and  fairmiuded 
policies.  He  reorganized  the  Swiss  Relief  Society, 
in  which  he  was  an  earnest  worker,  and  was  par- 
ticularly active  in  county  affairs.  His  political 
alliliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he 
was  a  communicant  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr. 
Fehr  was  full  of  gentlemanly  instincts;  refined, 
courteous,  agreeable  and  faithful.  He  was  firm 
in  adhering  to  his  own  conceptions  of  right,  fear- 
less to  express  his  opinions;  positive  in  his  char- 
acter, and  able  to  maintain  with  skill  and  ability 
his  views  on  all  important  questions.  As  a  citizen 
he  was  in  warmest  sympathy  with  everything  of 
public  interest  and  at  all  times  was  ready  to  take 
any  part  assigned  to  him  in  promoting  the  public 
welfare.  He  was  married,  July  10,  1874,  to  Minnie, 
daughter  of  M.  Kaphau  of  Nashville;  she  sur- 
vives him  with  five  children:  John  C.,  Madeline, 
Mary,  who  married  William  CrurcLiield;  Rudolph 
and  Robert  Fehr,  all  of  Nashvide.  lie  died  at 
Nashville,  Term.,  Oct.  4,  1916. 

HERSEY,  Charles  Henry,  inventor  and  manu- 
facturer of  machinery,  was  born  at  Jamaica  Plain, 
Mass.,  July  -7,  1SIJ1,  sou  of  Charles  Sherwood, 
who  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  IMi'.  and  Sally 
Gay  (I'oney)  Heisey.  His  earliest  paternal  Am- 
erican ancestor  was  William  Hersey,  who  came 
from  Hinghaui,  England,  in  1635,  and  was  one  of 
the  original  settlers  at  Hiugham,  Mass.  His  wife 
was  Elizabeth  Croade  and  from  them  the  line  of 
iie^-ent  is  traced  through  their  sou  John  and  his 
wife  Sarah;  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife  Mary 
May;  their  son  Jonathan  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Whiton,  tu  their  son  Jonathan  Hersey  and  I. is 
wife  Mary  Berry,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Charles  Henry  Heisey.  Jonathan  Hersey  (V)  was 
a  soldier  of  the  war  of  the  revolution.  Charles 
Sherwood  Hersey,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a 
cabinet  maker.  Charles  Henry  Hersey  received 
his  education  at  the  Eliot  School,  Jamaica  Plain. 
He  learned  the  trade  of  machinist  with  his  uncle, 
Jabez  Coney,  of  South  Boston.  He  worked  as 
draughtsman  for  Harrison  Loriug,  shipbuilder,  and 
while  with  him,  in  185N,  designed  the  engines  for 
U.  S.  S.  "  Hartford, ' '  a  vessel  selected  during 
the  civil  war  by  Adml.  Farragut  as  his  flagship, 
and  with  which  he  captured  Mobile.  These  engines 
reversed  in  ten  seconds,  which  was  a  record  up  to 
that  time.  The  reversing  mechanism  was  by  steam 
cylinder  instead  of  the  old  method,  which  was  by 
hand  power.  It  was  due  largely  to  the  excellency 
of  these  engines  that  Farragut  was  enabled  to  defy 
the  mined  waters  of  the  lower  Mississippi.  Al- 
though the  vessel  had  been  threatened  with  demoli- 
tion, the  navy  department  decided,  in  1919,  to  re- 
tain the  "Hartford"  in  her  original  state  as  one 
of  the  historic  relics  of  the  nation.  In  1859  Mr. 


312 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Hersey  joined  with  Walter  E.  Hawes  in  founding 
the  lirm  of  Hawes  i  Hersey.  In  1865  his  brother, 
Francis  Coney  Hersey,  wa-  taken  into  the  firm  and, 
.m  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Hawes,  in  1*"-,  the  firm 
name  changed  to  Hersey  Bros.  In  1SS5  it  became 
the  Hersey  Meter  Co.,  which  was  incorporated  on 
July  --,  1890,  as  the  Hersoy  Manufacturing  Co. 
He  was  president  of  the  company  until  his  death, 
at  which  time  it  had  grown  to  have  a  capital  of 
$500,000.  The  chief  products  of  the  firm  are 
sugar  granulators,  cube  sugar  machinery,  rotary 
steam  dryers,  rotary  soap  pumps,  soap  machinery, 
pneumatic  malting  machinery,  and  Hersey  water 
meters.  Charles  H.  Hersey  was  widely  known  as 
an  inventor.  As  early  as  1853  he  invented  and 
patented  the  Hersey  Rotary  Pump.  He  received 
letters  patent,  in  1871,  on  a  sugar  grauulator,  an 
ingenius  machine  for  making  granulated  sugar. 
This  invention  of  his  was  of  far-reaching  import- 
ance, for  it  was  through  it  that  the  old  time  coffee 
crushed  sugar  was  superseded  and  granulated 
sugar  brought  into  general  use.  He  sold  the  Eng- 
lish rights  for  this  granulator  in  1877,  and  in 
1878  patented  a  machine  for  making  cube  sugar. 
Some  of  his  inventions  have  been  used  in  the  dry- 
ing of  salt,  and  he  worked  out  other  devices  which 
found  various  uses  in  the  manufacture  of  soap. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  trustees,  was 
for  some  time  vice-president,  and  for  twenty-one 
years  was  on  the  investment  board  of  the  South 
Boston  Savings  Bank.  He  was  for  several  years 
president  of  the  South  Boston  Railway  Co.,  acting 
in  that  capacity  until  the  road  was  consolidated 
with  the  West  End  Street  Railway  Co.  While  act- 
ing as  chief  executive  of  that  road,  he  succeeded 
in  winning,  without  bitterness,  a  strike  among  its 
employes.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Boston  com- 
mon council  during  1871-72,  and  of  the  board  of 
aldermen  in  1881,  1882  and  1884.  He  held  a  high 
place  in  Masonry,  and  was  a  member  also  of  the 
Bostonian  Society  and  the  John  Eliot  Club.  His 
residence  was  at  Boxbury,  where  he  was  a  member 
of  the  First  Church  (Unitarian).  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  inventing  ingenious  devices  and 
in  being  read  to.  From  childhood  he  had  been 
interested  in  machinery,  and  as  a  mere  child  built 
a  successful  pump,  also  models  of  fire  engines. 
While  an  apprentice  the  sight  of  one  eye  was  in- 
jured by  a  piece  of  flying  steel.  This  occurred  in 
1849,  and  thereafter  all  of  his  drafting  and  read- 
ing was  done  with  the  sight  of  one  eye  only;  later 
a  similar  accident  impaired  the  sight  of  this  other 
eye,  and  he  then  gained  great  delicacy  of  touch, 
so  that  he  used  tools  with  great  skill.  His  inven- 
tive mind  was  always  at  work  and  he  added  labor- 
saving  devices  as  well  as  improvements  to  what- 
ever interested  him.  Honest,  unpretentious,  un- 
remitting in  attention  to  his  business,  respecting 
the  rights  of  others,  he  commanded  widespread 
confidence  and  built  up  a  solid  and  profitable  busi- 
ness. He  was  married  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
May  22,  1*55,  to  Sarah  Abby,  daughter  of  Robert 
Gray,  a  jeweler  of  Portsmouth;  she  died  in  1919. 
He  is  survived  by  two  children:  Clara  and  Ada 
Harvey  Hersey.  "  He  died  at  Roxbury,  Boston, 
Dec.  9,  1916. 

TANNATT,  Thomas  Bedding,  soldier  and 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Yerplanek,  Pbint-on-Hud- 
son,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  27,  1833,  son  of  James  S.  and 
Mary  C.  (Gilmour)  Tannatt.  His  father  ope- 
rated a  steamship  line  on  the  Hudson  river  in 
partnership  with  H.  Depew,  of  Peekskill,  N.  Y., 
father  of  Chauncey  M.  Depew.  The  son  was 
educated  at  the  Peekskill  Academy  and  at  pri- 
vate schools  in  New  England,  and  while  serving 


a  three-year  apprenticeship  at  bridge-buildiag 
and  construction  at  Salem,  Mass.,  attended  an 
i-veuiug  school  for  instruction  in  mathematics, 
drawing  and  civil  engineering.  He  then  received 
an  appointment  to  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 
West  Point,  and  was  graduated  in  1858,  being 
commissioned  brevet  2d  lieutenant  and  ordered  to 
Fortress  Monroe.  Va.,  as  instructor  in  the  use 
of  the  Ballistic  pendulum.  By  order  of  the  war 
.Irpartment  he  was  made  a  member  of  an  artil- 
lery board,  with  the  late  Gens.  Barry  and  Ord, 
' '  to  revise  and  establish  a  new  table  of  ranges, 
for  all  guns  in  service,  and  others,  submitted  by 
the  secretary  of  war. "  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  was  2d  lieutenant  of  battery  M,  4th 
U.  S.  artillery,  at  Fort  Randall,  Dakota  'Ter.  In 
1862  he  was  assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Don 
Carlos  Buell,  as  assistant  chief  of  artillery,  and 
placed  in  command  of  Artillery  Park  and  the 
camp  of  instruction  at  the  fair  grounds,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  Subsequently  joining  the  army  of  the 
Cumberland,  he  was  made  staff  ordnance  officer, 
with  instructions  to  seize  and  dismantle  ord- 
nance foundries  used  in  Confederate  states. 
Shortly  thereafter  he  was  commissioned  colonel 
and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  16th  Mass. 
Vol.  Inf.,  army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  second  battle  of  Malvern  Hill, 
and  subsequently  was  transferred  to  the  1st  Mass, 
battery  of  heavy  artillery,  in  command  of  de- 
fenses south  of  the  Potomac,  from  Chain  Bridge 
to  near  Alexandria,  and  had  five  regiments  of 
heavy  artillery  and  three  of  hundred-day  men 
during  the  Gettysburg  campaign.  Go%~.  Andrew 
appointed  him  brigadier-general  of  colored  troops, 
but  he  declined  the  command,  and  made  up  a 
select  brigade  with  which  he  joined  the  army  of 
the  Potomac  at  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness. 
He  was  then  given  a  new  brigade,  consisting  of 
the  1st  Mass.,  3d  and  5th  Mich,  and  4th  Wis., 
known  as  the  2d  brigade,  3d  division,  2d  corps, 
which  he  commanded  until  a  wound  received  at 
Petersburg  caused  his  resignation.  His  service 
record  included  operations  on  the  peninsula  ;  in 
command  of  troops  on  U.  S.  S.  Vanderbilt  and 
battles  of  Bristow  Station,  Fredericksburg,  Spott- 
sylvania,  Swift  Creek,  Tolopotony,  North  Anna, 
Cold  Harbor  and  Jerusalem  Road.  He  was 
breveted  brigadier-general  by  executive  order  for 
more  than  three  mouths'  service  with  a  bn^adr 
and  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service.  After 
the  war  he  engaged  in  the  mining  operations  in 
Colorado  until  1877,  when  he  went  to  the  Pacific 
coast  as  the  confidential  representative  of  Henry 
Villard.  He  became  the  general  eastern  agent 
for  the  Oregon  Steamship  Co.,  Pacific  Steamship 
Co.,  Oregon  i:  California  Railroad  Co.,  and  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad  Co.,  with  headquarters 
in  New  York  city,  but  returned  to  the  Pacific 
northwest  in  1879,  and  was  manager  and  agent 
of  the  Oregon  Improvement  Co.,  one  of  Henry 
Villard 's  holding  companies,  for  eleven  years.  In 
1888  he  retired  from  active  business,  purchasing 
an  estate  at  Farmington,  Wash.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  fruit  growing.  After  1905  he  resided 
in  Spokane,  Wash.,  and  for  six  years  was  a 
regent  of  the  Washington  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. He  was  a  companion  and  past  commander 
of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  mem 
ber  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  of 
the  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  a  communicant  of 
All  Saints'  Cathedral  (P.  E.),  Spokane.  Gen. 
Tannatt  was  married  Apr.  17,  1860,  to  Elizabeth 
F.,  daughter  of  Col.  Eben  Tappan,  a  manufac- 
turer of  Manchester,  Mass.,  and  a  veteran  of  the 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


313 


war  of  1812;  she  survived  him  with  two  children: 
Eben  Tappan,  a  civil  engineer,  Spokane,  and 
Miriam,  wife  of  Dr.  C —  K.  Merriam,  Spo- 
kane. He  died  at  Spokane,  Wash.,  Dec.  20,  1913. 
de  BOOY,  Theodoor  (Hendrick  Nikolas), 
archaeologist  and  explorer,  was  born  at  Hellevoets- 
luis,  The  Netherlands,  Dec.  5,  1SS2,  son  of 
Chretien  Jean  Gerard  and  Mary  (Hobson)  de  Booy. 
His  father  was  vice-admiral  of  the  Royal  Dutch 
Xavy  and  senior  member  of  the  court  of  military 
justice.  The  son  received  his  education  at  the  Royal 
Naval  Institute,  Holland.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1906,  and  became  a  naturalized  citizen 
at  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1916.  He  went  to  the  Ba- 
hama Islands  in  1911,  and  during  his  residence 
there  became  interested  in  the  antiquities  of  the 
Caieos  group  of  the  Bahamas,  devoting  much  time 
to  the  exploration  of  their  numerous  caves  and 
mounds.  On  his  return  to  the  United  States,  he 
published,  in  1!>12,  the  first  result  of  his  archaeo- 
logical researches  in  a  paper  entitled  "Lucayan 
Remains  on  the  Caicos  Islands. ' '  He  then  de- 
termined to  devote  his  life  to  the  subject,  and 
the  opportunity  soon  presented  itself  when  in 
H' 12  he  became  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the 
Heye  Museum,  now  the  Museum  of  the  American 
Indian,  Heye  Foundation,  New  York  city.  He 
was  detailed  as  field  explorer  for  West  Indian 
work,  and  spent  another  six  months  in  the  Ba- 
hamas. He  was  notably  successful  ou  this  trip, 
among  the  most  important  objects  recovered  being 
a  remarkable  paddle  which  he  discovered  in  a,  cave 
on  Mores  island.  In  191JJ  he  made  an  expedition 
to  Jamaica,  conducting  excavations  in  some  of  the 
kitchen-middens  found  on  various  parts  of  the 
island;  he  then  devoted  his  attention  to  Santo 
homingo,  there  undertaking  the  first  systematic 
exploration  ever  made  in  this  important  and  little 
known  field,  a  work  which  was  continued  in  1914. 
He  then  prepared  a  report  on  the  results  of  the 
two  expeditions,  which  were  devoted  chietly  to  the 
exploration  of  certain  caves  in  Santo  Domingo 
and  to  work  on  the  small  islands  of  Saona.  He 
then  made  archaeological  reconnaissance  of  eastern 
Cuba,  and  was  the  first  to  discover  the  great 
riches  of  this  hitherto  neglected  field.  In  1915  he 
made  explorations  and  excavations  on  the  island 
of  Margarita,  Venezuela,  and  later  was  occupied 
in  excavating  in  southeastern  Trindad.  In  1916 
he  made  a  third  trip  to  Santo  Domingo,  and  in 
the  same  year  visited  Porto  Rico  and  Martinique, 
conducting  excavations  on  all  of  these  islands. 
Owing  to  the  acquisition  of  the  Danish  West 
Indies  (now  Virgin  Islands)  by  the  United  States, 
he  was  sent  by  the  museum  to  the  islands  compris- 
ing this  group,  working  there  during  1916-17. 
This  was  the  first  archaeological  work  ever  done 
there,  and  he  was  notably  successful  in  obtaining 
rich  material  and  information  respecting  the  an- 
tiquities of  this  region.  With  this  expedition  his 
field  work  for  the  Museum  came  to  an  end.  In 
1918  he  severed  his  connection  with  it,  and  in 
the  interests  of  the  American  Geographical  So- 
ciety of  New  York  and  the  University  Museum  of 
Philadelphia,  he  explored  the  hitherto  unknown 
legion  of  Venezuela — the  Sierra  de  Perija  range, 
and  lived  among  the  Macoa  Indians  for  many 
weeks,  being  the  first  white  man  they  had  ever 
seen.  His  investigation  of  the  ethnology  of  the 
Mot  i  lone  Indians,  the  savage  remnant  of  a  tribe 
which  had  always  kept  their  country  free  from 
white  settlement  and  exploration,  brought  him 
just  fame.  He  was  afterwards  for  a  brief  period 
a  field  worker  for  the  University  Museum  of 
Philadelphia.  He  then  joined  the  forces  of  the 


bureau  of  inquiry,  department  ot  state,  and  was 
one  of  its  South  American  experts;  he  was  em- 
yagcd  in  tliis  work  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
had  also  made  explorations  in  Hayti,  Turks 
Islands,  and  Martinique.  One  of  the  most  active 
and  prolific  investigators  in  archaeological  and 
geographical  research,  he  reached  the  point  where 
the  future  held  promise  of  still  greater  and  more 
valuable  results.  His  exploring  trips  yielded  nu- 
merous interesting  specimens.  From  the  Virgin 
Islands  he  brought  a  regurgitating  stick,  believed 
to  have  been  used  in  worship  by  a  West  Indian 
priest  more  than  400  years  ago.  It  was  about 
five  inches  in  length  and  carved  from  the  rib  of  a 
sea  cow,  in  the  image  of  one  of  the  West  Indian 
tribal  gods.  On  one  trip  he  brought  4,000  speci- 
mens of  pottery,  stone  axes,  stone  chisels,  and 
burial  objects.  He  prepared  reports  immediately 
after  each  expedition,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  engaged  in  describing  the  region  of  his 
latest  activities.  His  collections  and  writings  find 
a  place  in  the  front  rank  of  West  Indian  ex- 
ploration, and  our  knowledge  of  the  ancient  his- 
tory of  the  Antilles  lias  been  greatly  enhanced  as 
a  result  of  his  entering  the  field.  His  more  im- 
portant publications  include:  "Lucayan  Remains 
on  the  Caicos  Islands"  (Arner.  Anthrop.  N.  S. 
l;*12);  "Lucayan  Artifacts  from  the  Bahamas" 
(ibid.,  1913);  "Certain  Kitchen-Middens  in  Ja- 
maica" (ibid.);  "Pottery  from  Certain  Caves  in 
Eastern  Santo  Domingo,  West  India''  (ibid., 
191."i);  "Certain  West  Indian  Superstitions  Per- 
taining to  Celts"  (Journal  of  American  Folk- 
Lore,  1915);  "The  Cradle  of  the  New  World" 
(Pan-American  Union,  1915);  "Certain  Similari- 
ties in  Amulets  from  the  Northern  Antilles" 
(Holmes  Anniversary  Volume,  1916);  "Notes  on 
the  Archaeology  of  Margarita  Island,  Venezuela" 
(Contributions  from  the  Museum  of  the  American 
Indian,  1916)  ;  "Island  of  Margarita,  Venezuela" 
(Pan-American  Umion,  1916)  ;  "The  Birthplace  of 
Josephine,  Empress  of  France"  (ibid.,  1917); 
"The  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States"  ideo- 
graphical Review,  1917);  "Indian  Petroglyphs  in 
the  Antilles"  (Forward,  1917);  "Archaeological 
Investigations  in  the  Virgin  Islands"  (Scientific 
American  Supplement,  1917);  "Eastern  Part«of 
the  Dominican  Republic"  (Pan-American  Union, 
1917)  ;  "Archaeological  Notes  on  the  Danish  West 
Indies"  (Scientific  American  Supplement,  1917); 
' '  The  Town  of  Baracoa  and  the  Eastern  Part  of 
Cuba"  (Pan-American  Union,  1917);  "Certain 
Archaeological  Investigations  in  Trinidad,  British 
West  Indies"  (Amer.  Anthrop.,  N.  S.,  1918); 
' '  The  Turks  and  Caicos  Islands,  British  West  In- 
dies"  (Geographical  Review,  1918);  "The  Virgin 
Islands,  Our  New  Possessions,  and  the  British 
Islands"  (with  John  B.  Faris,  J.  B.  Lippiucott  & 
Co.,  Philadelphia,  1918);  "The  People  of  the 
Mist;  An  Account  of  Explorations  in  Venezuela" 
(Museum  Journal  U.  of  P.,  1918)  ;  "An  Explora- 
tion of  the  Sierra  de  Perija,  Venezuela"  (Geo- 
graphical Review,  1918);  "The  Western  Mara- 
caibo  Lowland  of  Venezuela"  (ibid.);  "Noises  in 
Baracoa,  Cuba"  (Forward,  1918);  "Buried 
Treasure  in  the  West  Indies"  (ibid.);  "The 
Fragrant  Island  of  St.  John"  (ibid.);  "Mar- 
tinique, its  Inhabitants,  Cooks  and  Sportsmen" 
(ibid.),  and  "A  Strange  West  Indian  Industry" 
(ibid.).  The  following  he  left  unpublished: 
' '  Santo  Domingo  Kitchen-Midden  and  Burial 
Mound,  "  "  Virgin  Island  Archaeology,  "  "  Notes 
on  the  Archaeology  of  Eastern  Cuba,"  "The  Un- 
known Perija  Mountains  of  Venezuela  and  Their 
InhabitaHts"  (to  be  published  posthumously); 


314  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

"  Tropical  Versus  Arctic  Explorations, "  and  "  The  made.  As  a  young  man  Mr.  Shackelford  went 
Landfall  of  Columbus."  He  had  also  various  to  Denver  and  placed  his  youth  in  a  fair  part- 
articles  and  reviews  in  "The  Hispanir  American  nership  with  the  young  city  of  15,000.  Their 
Historical  Review ' '  and  ' '  Scientific  Monthly. ' '  history  is  a  parallel.  They  went  forward  to- 
He  was  a  commander  of  the  Order  of  Liberator  gether  and  upon  the  same  theory — that  of  ser- 
of  Venezuela,  and  a  member  also  of  the  American  vice.  He  believed  in  Denver  devotedly,  and  the 
Anthropological  Association,  American  Association  people  of  Denver  soon  came  to  believe  devotedly 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  the  Ex-  in  him.  He  was  married  in  Denver,  Colo.,  June 
plorers'  Club,  New  York.  Politically  he  was  a  24,  1875,  to  Annie  Dexter,  daughter  of  Richard 
Democrat,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  P.  Goddard,  a  wholesale  merchant  of  Boston 
Episcopal  church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  (arid  Denver)  and  was  survived  by  seven  chil- 
in  reading — he  rarely  took  a  holiday  or  vacation,  dren :  Ethel,  who  married  Richard  Goodman 
When  he  did  he  devoted  the  time  to  reading  and  Platt  of  Traverse  City,  Mich.;  Walker  Talia- 
writing.  His  pleasing  manners,  and  genial  per-  ferro;  Cecil,  who  married  Clarence  Edsall  of 
sonality  made  for  him  many  friends  at  home  ami  New  York  city;  Eleanor,  who  married  Henry  S. 
abroad.  He  had  a  fine  appreciation  for  the  higher  Canby  of  Denver;  Gladys;  Goddard  and  Lyne 
things  of  life,  and  an  acute  sense  of  the  decencies  Throckmorton  Shackelford.  He  died  in  Denver, 
th:it  make  human  existence  worth  while.  He  was  Colo.,  .Ian.  22,  1916. 

married    at    Louisville,    Ky.,    Mar.    29,    1909,    to  SWIFT,    Clarence   Franklin,   clergyman,   was 

Elizabeth    Hamilton,    daughter    of    Rogers    Morris  born  at  Oberlin,  O.,  July  27,  1861,  son  of  Henry  O. 

Smith    and    Jane    Hamilton,    of    Louisville;     she  and  Angelina  (Haynes)   Swift.     His  father,  a  na- 

survives   him,   with   two   children:     Mary   Hobson  tive  of  Ohio,  was  a  farmer.     The  son  received  his 

(1914)   ami  George  de  Booy   (1918).     He  died  at  preliminary  education  in  Oberlin  High  School  and 

liis  home  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y.^  Feb.  18,  1919.  Academy,    was    graduated    at    Oberlin    College    in 

SHACKELFORD,   Joel  Walker,   realty  oper-  1883  with  the  degree  A.  B.,  and  after  a  year  at 

ntur,    was    born    at    Richmond,    Madison    county,  Oberlin    Theological    Seminary    he    completed    his 

Ky.,    June    2,    1851,    son    of    James    Madison    and  course  at  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New   York 

Melissa     (Walker)     Shackelford,    of    English     de-  city,  at  which   he  was  graduated   in    1SS6.     Knox 

scent.      From     the     beginning     the     Shackelfords  College,  Galesbury,  111.,  gave  him  the  degree  D.D. 

have   been   prominent   in   colony   and  state  affairs,  in  1900.     He  was  ordained  to  the  Congregational 

His    father    was    one    of    the    eminent    lawyers    of  ministry  in  1886,  and  for  two  years  was  pastor  at 

Kentucky  and  an  intimate   of   Abraham   Lincoln.  Smyrna,  N.  Y.     During  1888-94  he  was  pastor  of 

An  elder  brother,   George  T.,  served   in   the   fed-  New    England    Congregational    Church,    Saratoga 

eral    army    as    colonel    of    the    6th    Ky.    Vol.    Inf.,  Springs,   N.   Y.,   and  for  the   next   five   years  was 

and    another   brother,   Edmund   J.,   was   an    officer  in    charge    of    Plymouth    Church,    Lansing,    Mich., 

on   the   staff   of  Gen.   Rosecrans   of  the  army   of  where    he    greatly     decreased     the    church     debt, 

the  Cumberland.     He  was  educated  in  the  schools  Meanwhile,    he    published    a    volume    of    sermons, 

of    his   native   town;    at    Yonkers    (N.    Y.)    Mill-  "The   Treasure   and   the   Vessel,"   and   gained   a 

tary     Institute;      Springside      Military     Institute,  noteworthy   reputation  as  pulpit   orator.     In    ISO!) 

Pittsfield,   Mass.,   and   at   Washington   University,  he  received  a  call  from  Park  Avenue  Church,  Min- 

St.    Louis,    Mo.,    and    was    graduated    at    Cornell  neapolis,  where  he  remained  until  1902, 'when  lie 

Uiihersity   in   1872.     At  Cornell   he  purchased   a  was   installed   as  pastor   of   Central   Church,   Fall 

sailboat    and    a    rowing    shell    and    organized    a  River,  Mass.     After  a  pastorate  there  of  sixteen 

rowing    club,    from   which    evolved    the    first   Cor-  years  he  was  called  to  Plymouth  Church,  Denver, 

nell   crew,   to   which    he   presented    its   first    shell.  Colo.      From    1915    and    until    his    death    he   was 

He    began    his    business    career    in    St.    Louis    in  president    of    the    Congregational    Education    So- 

1872  as  teller  of  the  Security  Bank.     Two  years  ciety,  and  he  was  president  also  of  the  Congrega- 

later   he   went   to   Denver,   Colo.,   and   established  tional  Sunday  School  and  Publishing  Society,  and 

an    investment,    loan    and     real    estate    business,  member   of    the    Commission   on   Missions   of   the 

which   he   managed   successfully    and   almost   con-  Congregational    National  Council.      Politically   he 

tinuously    until    his    death;     (luring    the    greater  was  a  Republican.     He  found  his  chief  recreation 

part   of   this  time   he  was  also   extensively  inter-  in  golf.    Wherever  he  served  Dr.  Swift  was  greatly 

ested  in  the  cattle  business  in  Colorado  and  New  beloved  by  the  people  and  a  factor  in  the  local 

Mexico.     He  did  much  to  encourage  the  develop-  ministerial    associations.      At   Fall   River    he   was 

ment    of    Denver;    he   laid    out   the    Grand    View,  particularly  helpful  to  the  French  Congregational 

Electric      Heights,      Alta      Vista      and      Harkness  community.      The  lines,   "Let   me  live  in  a  house 

Heights   additions,   and   was   instrumental    in    the  by  the  side  of  the  road  and  be  a  friend  to  men," 

development    of    Emery's    Capitol    Hill    addition,  strikingly  describe  the  dominating  purpose  of  his 

Denver's    finest    residential    district.      He    was    a  life.    He  was  married  at  Sandusky,  O.,  July  27, 1886. 

member    of    the    Sons    of   the    Revolution,    Cornell  to    Janet     Huntington     (Oberlin,     '83), '  daughter 

University  Alumni   Association  of  Colorado,  Den-  Of    John    McKelvey,    real    estate    and    insurance 

ver   real  estate  exchange,   the   Masonic   fraternity  operator    of    Sandusky;    she    survives    him,    with 

and   the  Denver  Country  Club.     Through   his   in-  three  children:      Dorothy   R.,   Helen  M.,  who  be- 

terests  in  real  estate  he  made  an  extensive  study  came  the  wife  of  Luther  H.  Gulick,  and  Janet  H. 

of  public   improvements  in  American   and   foreign  Swift.     He  died  in  Denver,  Colo.,  Mar.  25,  1919. 

cities,    which    stimulated    a    fine    sense    of    civic  BEADLE,   William  Henry  Harrison,  lawyer 

duty  and  led  to  his  appointment  to  positions  of  and    educator,    was    born    in     Liberty    townsliip, 

trust  and  honor.     Politically  he  was  a   Democrat  Parke   county,   Ind.,  Jan.   1,   1838,   son   of  James 

and,  beginning  in   1874,  attended  all  county  and  Ward     and     Elizabeth      (Bright)      Beadle,     and 

state  conventions  of  his  party.     In  1882  he  was  grandson    of    James   and    Nancy    (Hess)    Beadle, 

elected  to  the  4th   general  assembly  and  in   1899-  His   father  was  a    farmer   and   country   merchant. 

1900    he   was    president    of   the   board    of    public  making  an   annual  trip   with   flat  boats  of   grain 

works,   during  which   many   important   public   im-  and    other    provisions    to    New    Orleans;    he    was 

provements,  costing  nearly  $1,800,000  and  adding  also    justice    of    the    peace,    county    commissioner 

greatly   to    the    attractiveness    of    the    city,    were  and  sheriff  of  Parke  county.     Capt.  John  Bright, 


THEODOOR  DE  BOOY 
ARCHAEOLOGIST 


JOEL  W.  SHACKELFORI) 

REAL  ESTATE  DEALER 


CLARENCE  F.  SWIFT 
CLERGYMAN 


WILLIAM  H.  H.  BEADLE 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


315 


his   maternal   grandfather,  was   an   officer   in   the 
war    of    1812.      William    H.    H.    Beadle   received 
his    preliminary    education    in    the    district    school 
and   at   the   Rockville    (Ind.)    public    school,    ami 
was   graduated   at   the   University   of    Michigan   in 
1S61    with    the    degree    of    A.B.,    receiving    the 
degree  of  A.M.  in  1862.     Soon  after  graduation 
he    enlisted    as    private    for    the    civil    war    and 
was   made  first   lieutenant   and   subsequently   cap- 
tain  of   Company   A,   31st   Ind.   Vol.    Inf.,   partic- 
ipating  in    the   campaign    in    west    Tennessee    and 
the   surrender  of  Corinth.     He  then  aided   in   or- 
ganizing and   drilling  the   26th   Mich,  infantry  and 
was  tendered  the  post  of  adjutant.     In   1862   he 
was     detailed     to     recruit     the     1st    Mich,     sharp- 
shooters,   of   which    In1    was    commissioned    lieuten- 
ant-colonel.    In   1863   he   participated   in   the   pur- 
suit   of    the    Confederate    general,    John    H.    Mor- 
gan,    and     was     afterward     assigned      to     Camp 
Douglas,    Chicago,    to    guard    prisoners.      In    1864 
his    regiment   joined   the   9th    army   corps.      After 
a  severe  illness  he  was  transferred  to   the   U.   H. 
veteran   reserve  corps   as  major.      He  was  breveted 
colonel    of    volunteers    for    gallantry    in    the    de- 
fense    of     Washington,     and     was     made     brevet 
brigadier-general    for     "gallant    and    meritorious 
services  during   the  war."  For  a  period  he   had 
served     in    the     campaign    in    northern    Virginia, 
where   for   a  time   he   commanded   a   brigade.      At 
Lincoln's    second    inaugural    he    commanded    the 
military    guard    in    and    about    the    capitol.     He 
was   provost  marshal   at   Utica,   N.   Y.,   in   April, 
1865,    and      subsequently    was      attached     to     the 
frcedmen's    bureau    at    Wilmington,    N.    C.,    and 
other    southern    points    until    mustered    out     and 
discharged   in    1866.      He   was   graduated    at   the 
college    of    law    of    the    University    of    Michigan 
in  1867  with  the   degree  of  LL.B.,  receiving  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1902.     He  was  ad- 
mitted   to    the    bar    in    Indiana    in    1867,    and    in 
that    year   began   the   practice   of   his    profession 
at  Evansville,  Ind.     During  1868-69   he  practised 
at    Boscobel,   Wis.,   and  in   the   latter   year  'Pres. 
Grant     appointed    him     surveyor-general     of     the 
territory   of   Dakota.     He  resigned   in    1873,   and 
during  the   ensuing   six   years   he   was   a   govern- 
ment  surveyor,   residing   continuously   in   Dakota. 
In    1876    he   was   secretary    of    a.    commission    to 
make  the  first  codification  of  the  territorial  laws, 
and,   although  associated  with  three  able  jurists, 
upon    him    devolved    the    real   work    of   the    com- 
mission.    In  1877  the  legislative  district  of  which 
Yankton  was  the  center  elected  him  to  the  terri- 
torial    house     of     representatives.      He      became 
chairman    of    the    judiciary    committee,    and    by 
pen,  voice  and  influence  he  promoted  broad,  con- 
structive    and     safe     legislation.      Gov.    Howard 
made  him  his  private  secretary  in  1878,  and  the 
next   year  appointed  him   superintendent   of  pub- 
lic   instruction,   which    office   he    retained    for    six 
years.     He   created   the   foundation    of   the    state 
public   school   system.      When   Dakota    lands    were 
being  almost  given  away  for  the  asking  he  went 
before   the   Sioux   Falls   constitutional   convention 
and  argued  for  the  preservation  of  school  lands, 
and    his   recommendations   were   embodied   in   the 
state  constitution.    When  the  Dakotas  were  admit- 
ted to  statehood  he  worked  successfully  to  have  a 
law  placed  on  the  statutes  forbidding  the  sale  of 
school   lands   at  less   than   their   appraised   value, 
and  this  law  was  later  incorporated  in  the  statutes 
of  several  other  young  states.     This  has  insured 
for  his  adopted  state  an  immense  fund  for  public 
schools.     In  appreciation  of  this  service  the  school 
children  of  South  Dakota  contributed  funds  for  a 


marble  statue  of  Gen.  Beadle,  whirh  was  erected 
in  the  capitol  at  Pierre  in  1911.  iHniiiL'  L888  '89 
he  was  head  of  an  Indian  school,  near  Salem, 
Ore.  In  Iss'i-lSHI.")  he  was  president  of  the  South 
Daknta  State  Normal  School,  Madison,  and  in 
I'.Hi.Vll  was  professor  emeritus  of  history. 
Through  his  splendid  altruism  he  held  his  faculty 
at  Madison  in  perfect  harmony  and  loyalty  t,i  his 
high  purpose  for  the  school.  He  was  a  companion 
of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  a 
thirty-third  degree  Mason.  He  delivered  the  ad- 
dress at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  for  the  new 
capitol  building,  Pierre,  in  1908;  wrote  memoirs 
for  the  South  Dakota  Historical  Association,  ar- 
ticles on  the  Dakotas  for  encyclopedias,  the  geog- 
raphy of  South  Dakota,  and  various  monographs 
and  historical  papers.  For  one  term  lie  was  presi 
dent  of  the  South  Dakota  State  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion. He  was  married  at  Albion,  Mich.,  May 
18,  1863,  to  Ellen  (Rich)  Chapman,  daughter  of 
Van  Uensselaer  Rich,  a  merchant  of  Sand  Banks. 
Oswego  county,  N.  Y. ;  she  died  in  ls!i7.  There 
is  one  surviving  child,  Mae,  wife  of  Fred  G. 
Prink,  Palo  Alto,  Cal.  He  died  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Cal.,  Nov.  13,  1915. 

WHEELER,  Fredrick  Freeman,  capitalist, 
was  born  at  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  Feb.  2~>,  1859,  son  of 
John  Collister  and  Adaline  (Freeman)  Wheeler. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  New  York.  Fredrick 
Freeman  Wheeler  spent  his  boyhood  at  Vineland, 
N.  .1.,  where  he  received  his  education  in  gram- 
mar and  high  schools.  In  1883  he  established 
himself  in  the  furniture  business  at  Albany,  N. 
Y'.,  soon  becoming  one  of  the  leading  merchants 
of  that  city.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
vice-president  of  the  South  End  Bank  of  Albany, 
vice-president  West  End  Building  and  Loan  Asso- 
ciation, manager  Terminal  Warehouse  Co.,  anil  in- 
terested in  various  other  commercial,  industrial 
and  financial  concerns.  He  was  the  first  secre- 
tary of  the  Albany  chamber  of  commerce,  remain- 
ing in  that  position  while  he  resided  at  Albany. 
Much  of  his  time,  however,  was  given  as  state 
chairman  of  the  Prohibition  Party  of  New  York. 
From  earliest  youth  he  had  been  an  ardent  Pro- 
hibitionist. His  first  vote  was  the  only  vote  cast 
for  Neal  Dow  for  president  in  Cumberland  county, 
X.  J.,  at  that  election.  At  twenty-five  he  became 
a  member  of  the  New  York  state  executive  com- 
mittee of  his  part}',  and  six  months  later  was 
i  h  .ted  chairman  thereof,  soon  making  a  national 
reputation  in  the  position,  not  only  because  of 
his  youth,  but  by  his  energy,  efficiency  and  abil- 
ity. He  was  four  times  re-elected,  declining  a 
fifth  re-election  because  of  business  demands,  and 
he  twice  declined  the  nomination  for  governor  of 
New  York.  In  1S98  he  settled  in  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  and  by  judicious  investments  in  real  estate 
in  that  rapidly  growing  city  he  added  to  his 
wealth  and  aided  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  ' '  Angel 
City."  He  also  became  recognized  as  one  of  the 
great  Prohibition  leaders  of  the  country.  In  I'.MIV 
he  received  the  votes  of  Prohibition  delegates 
from  seventeen  states  for  the  presidential  nomina- 
tion, and  at  the  national  convention  of  1916  he 
declined  the  proffered  candidacy.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  high  place  in  the  city  government  of 
Los  Angeles,  serving  as  president  of  the  board  of 
public  utilities,  having  jurisdiction  over  $100,000,- 
IHIII  invested  In  the  various  corporations  operated 
by  the  citv.  He  was  the  organizer  and  leader  of 
the  1914  California  state-wide  Prohibition  move- 
ment, presided  over  the  Los  Angeles  convention 
which  decided  upon  it,  and  was  chairman  of  its 
campaign  committee.  At  the  same  election,  as 


316 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Prohibition  candidate  for  the  U.  S.  senate,  he 
polled  approximately  50,000  votes.  He  was  the 
father  of  Occidental  Boulevard,  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  streets  in  the  city.  He  -laid  out  the 
street  and  presented  it  to  the  city  of  Los  Angeles 
in  1907.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Los  Angeles 
chamber  of  commerce,  and  of  the  City,  Federa- 
tion, Athletic  and  Automobile  clubs,  Los  An- 
geles. He  was  an  extensive  contributor  to  news- 
papers. He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  out-of- 
door  life  and  travel.  Although  he  was  not  a 
public  speaker  his  addresses  were  clear  in  their 
presentation  of  truth  and  unanswerable  in  their 
logic.  His  campaigns  were  not  spectacular  but 
they  were  convincing.  He  was  true  to  his  con- 
victions at  whatever  cost.  He  was  a  true  gentle- 
man, and  his  guide  for  daily  conduct  was  the 
Golden  Rule.  He  was  married  (1)  at  North 
Walden,  Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1879,  to  Alice  M.  Amsden, 
of  Walden,  Vt. ;  she  died  in  1891.  He  was  mar- 
ried (2)  in  Riverside,  Cal.,  July  3,  1914,  to  Allie  E. 
Simmons,  a  noted  singer,  and  a  Prohibition, 
Woman 's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  and 
church  worker.  She  survives  him  with  three  chil- 
dren of  the  first  union:  Alice  W.,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Ray  Allen;  Effie,  who  is  Mrs.  Will 
Boggess,  and  Herbert  A.  Wheeler.  He  died  in 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Feb.  8,  1917. 

WALLACE,  William  James,  jurist,  was  born 

at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  14,  1837,  the  son  of  E 

Fuller  and  Lydia  (Wheelwright)  Wallace.  His 
first  American  paternal  ancestor  was  Joseph  Wal- 
lace, who  with  two  brothers  came  over  from  Lon- 
donderry, Ireland,  in  1726,  and  settled  at  London- 
derry, N.  H.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Margaret, 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son 
William  and  his  wife  Mary  Burns;  their  son 
James  and  his  wife  Betsy  Kimball,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  William  James  Wallace.  His 
father  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College, 
practiced  law  in  Massachusetts,  and  removed  to 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  shortly  after  the  opening  of  the 
Erie  Canal,  but  did  not  practice  law  after  leaving 
Massachusetts.  He  was  U.  S.  consul  at  Santiago 
de  Cuba  from  1S61  to  1S70.  The  son  prepared  to 
enter  Dartmouth  College,  but,  having  decided  to 
follow  the  law,  took  a  course  of  general  reading 
under  Judge  Thomas  Burlow  a  scholarly  lawyer 
of  Madison  co.,  and  completed  his  legal  studies  at 
the  law  school  of  Hamilton  College,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1857  with  the  degree  of  LL.B. 
Hamilton  College  gave  him  the  degree  LL.D.  in 
1876,  and  he  received  a  similar  degree  from  Syra- 
cuse University  in  1883.  At  his  application  for 
admission  one  of  the  examining  committee  was 
Roscoe  Conkling,  and  the  occasion  was  the  origin 
of  a  friendship  between  the  young  lawyer  and  the 
eminent  statesman  which  ripened  into  intimacy 
and  continued  until  Conkling's  death.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Syracuse,  continuing  thus 
until  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench.  In  1873  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Syracuse,  and  a  year  later 
was  appointed  by  Pres.  Grant  U.  S.  judge  for  the 
northern  district  of  New  York,  comprising  the 
greater  part  of  the  state.  Besides  the  regular 
terms  of  court  he  was  frequently  assigned  by  the 
circuit  judge  to  hold  courts  in  New  York  city  and 
Brooklyn,  and  he  performed  a  large  part  of  his 
judicial  duties  in  these  cities.  In  1882  Judge 
Samuel  Blatchford,  who  was  then  U.  S.  circuit 
judge,  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  U.  S.  su- 
preme court,  and  Judge  Wallace  became  his  suc- 
cessor. The  2d  circuit  then  comprised  the  states 
of  New  York,  Connecticut  and  Vermont,  and  he 


became  the  head  of  these  federal  tribunals,  since 
there  was  at  that  time  hut  one  circuit  judge  in 
each  federal  circuit.  As  the  reviewing  authority 
of  their  decisions  and  the  presiding  judge  in  the 
common  law  and  equity  branches  of  the  courts,  his 
decisions  were  final  in  much  of  the  important  and 
complicated  litigation  that  occupied  these  courts. 
In  1892  there  was  constituted  under  recent  legis- 
lation of  congress  for  each  of  the  judicial  circuits 
of  the  United  States  a  new  appellate  tribunal 
whose  decisions  were  to  be  final  in  various  classes 
of  cases  which  had  hitherto  been  reviewed  by  the 
U.  S.  supreme  court,  and  he  became  presiding 
judge  for  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  of  the  2d 
judicial  circuit.  The  terms  of  this  new  court  were 
held  partly  in  New  York  city,  and  he  was  its 
presiding  judge  from  its  organization  until  1907, 
when  he  resigned  from  the  bench.  The  event  was 
commemorated  by  a  complimentary  dinner  ten- 
dered him  by  the  bar  of  the  state  at  which  were 
present  judges  and  lawyers  from  more  than  half 
the  states  of  the  Union.  After  retiring  from  the 
bench  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York 
city,  as  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Wallace, 
Butler  &  Brown.  In  1913  he  was  associated  with 
the  law  firm  of  Barry,  Waiuwright,  Thacher  & 
Symmers,  as  counsel.  He  was  the  first  president 
of  the  Century  Club  of  Syracuse,  and  member  of 
the  Century,  Metropolitan,  Union  League,  and  New 
York  Yacht  clubs,  of  New  York,  and  of  the  Fort 
Orange  Club,  of  Albany,  where  he  resided  after 
1892.  He  also  belonged  to  Alpha  Delta  Phi  frat- 
ernity. He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Unitarian 
church.  He  had  great  capacity  for  work  and  was 
a  man  of  extraordinary  industry.  Patient,  tireless, 
painstaking,  he  could  not  rest  content  with  a  single 
duty  unperformed.  He  had  an  attentive  mind 
and  a  retentive  memory,  and  grasped  with  readi- 
ness the  facts  in  a  case,  even  to  the  minutest  de- 
tail, and  with  ease  arranged  them  in  orderly 
sequence  so  that,  with  the  law  clearly  in  mind,  he 
could  speedily  reach  a  right  conclusion.  Judge 
Wallace  was  married  (1)  Nov.  8,  1867,  to 
Josephine,  daughter  of  Amos  Bobbins,  a  ship 
owner,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  she  died  in  1S74.  He 
was  married  (2)  in  April,  1S78,  to  Alice  Heyward, 
daughter  of  Washington  Wheelwright,  of  New 
York.  He  had  four  children,  all  of  whom  died  in 
infancy.  He  was  survived  by  an  adopted  daugh- 
ter, only,  Madeleine  Adair  Wallace.  He  died  in 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Mar.  11,  1917. 

HALLAM:,  Wirt  Willard,  social  welfare 
worker,  was  born  at  Indianola,  la.,  Dec.  23,  1866, 
son  of  Thomas  Williamson  and  Sarah  Margaret 
(Shepard)  Hallam.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  John  Hallam,  who  came  to 
America  in  1754  and  settled  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Isabel  Fell,  to 
their  son  David  Hallam  and  his  wife,  (who  was 
a  Sillick),  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Wirt  W.  Hallam.  Thomas  Hallam  (II)  es- 
tablished the  family  at  Washington,  Pa.  David 
Hallam  (III)  was  a  trustee  and  patron  of 
Simpson  College.  Thomas  Williamson  Hallam, 
(IV),  was  a  banker  and  a  dealer  in  live  stock 
and  a  member  of  the  Chicago  board  of  trade. 
Wirt  W.  Hallam  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  public  schools,  subsequently  becoming  a 
student  at  the  Classical  school,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
In  1890  he  entered  the  lumber  business  in  that 
city,  and  in  1891  he  became  a  wholesale  dealer  in 
yellow  pine  lumber,  at  Macon,  Ga.  He  was  for  a 
time  a  partner  in  the  Walcott  &  Wright  Lumber 
Co.,  operating  in  Macon  and  southern  Georgia3 


lEHiCAisi  BIOGRAPHY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


317 


and  later,  and  until  1905,  was  sole  owner  of  the 
business,  as  Wirt  W.  Jlallain.  He  settled  in  Chi- 
cago in  the  latter  year  and  engaged  in  social  re- 
form work  first  as  an  amateur  and  afterward  as 
executive  secretary  of  the  Illinois  Vigilance  Asso- 
ciation, and  has  since  been  engaged  in  such  work 
there  and  in  New  York  city.  He  organized  the 
first  social  hygiene  society  in  the  United  States, 
and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Sex  Hygiene,  now  the  American 
Social  Hygiene  Association,  and  he  is  correspond- 
ing secretary  and  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee Chicago  Society  of  Social  Hygiene.  He  is 
a  director  and  executive  member  of  the  Illinois 
Vigilance  Association,  and  he  has  been  a  member 
of  its  executive  committee  since  1908.  He  is  a 
director  of  The  Night  Church  of  Chicago,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Vice  Commission.  He  has 
published  pamphlets  regarding  the  dangers  of  the 
Bocial  evil  and  these  have  been  asked  for  by  army 
officers,  Red  Cross,  Salvation  Army,  Young  Men  's 
Christian  Association,  and  college  officials,  to  the 
extent  of  over  a  million  copies  to  191S — probably 
the  largest  voluntary  circulation  of  any  pamphlet 
on  the  subject  used  in  any  army  in  the  world  up 
to  the  present  time.  He  is  a  member  in  the  In- 
tercollegiate Club,  Chicago.  His  political  affilia- 
tion is  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  is  a 
communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

ROEBER,  Eugene  Franz,  electrochemist,  was 
born  at  Torgau,  Saxony,  Ot.  7,  1S67,  son  of 
Eduard  F.  and  Anna  Emilie  i^Lietzo)  Roeber.  He 
was  educated  at  the  universities  of  Jena,  Halle,  and 
Berlin,  receiving  from  the  last-named  institution 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1892.  In  1894  he  came 
to  the  United  States  and  was  employed  in  the  book 
store  of  E.  Steiger  &  Co.,  in  New  York  city,  until 
in  1S99  he  became  assistant  to  Dr.  Carl  Hering 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  This  was  his  first  profes- 
sional engagement,  and  marked  the  beginning  of  a 
notable  career  in  electrochemistry,  wherein  he  came 
to  be  recognized  as  a  leader.  In  his  work  he 
was  thorough,  reliable  and  conscientious,  qualities 
which  he  afterward  applied  successfully  as  a  tech- 
nical editor,  and  which  first  revealed  themselves 
in  his  digest  of  foreign  literature  for  the  "Electri- 
cal World. ' '  Ur.  Roeber  's  name  is  associated  with 
two  important  undertakings  in  Philadelphia,  in  the 
early  days  when  electrochemistry  was  assuming 
an  aspect  of  importance  in  this  country,  viz.  the 
founding  of  "Electrochemical  Industry,"  a  tech- 
nical monthly  journal  first  published  in  Philadel- 
phia in  September,  1902,  with  Dr.  Roeber  as  editor. 
The  publication  office  was  removed  to  New  York 
in  1903  and  in  1905  the  title  was  changed  to 
''Electrochemical  and  Metallurgical  Industry." 
In  1906  the  "Iron  and  Steel  Magazine"  was 
merged  with  "Electrochemical  and  Metallurgical 
Industry,"  and  in  1910  it  was  given  its  present 
title,  "Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering." 
Through  all  the  successive  developments  Dr.  Roeber 
continued  as  editor,  directing  the  policies  and  de- 
veloping the  usefulness  of  the  magazine.  The 
other  project  was  the  organization  of  the  Ameri- 
can Electrochemical  Society,  which  grew  out  of  Dr. 
Roeber 's  close  association  with  C.  J.  Reed,  Carl 
Hering  and  others,  and  had  its  rise  in  the  informal 
gatherings  and  discussions  of  that  group.  To  his 
enthusiasm  and  encouragement  the  success  of  the 
society  has  been  largely  due,  and  in  1913-14  he 
was  elected  president.  His  wide  interest  in  science 
and  engineering,  together  with  his  broad  knowl- 
edge of  those  subjects  and  his  pleasing  literary 
style,  gave  his  writings  a  tone  of  authority,  while 
at  the  same  time  in  his  editorial  capacity  he  was 


enabled  to  choose  wisely  from  the  contributions  of 
others.  By  publication  committees  and  library 
boards  his  services  were  in  constant  demand.  He 
was  the  author  of  section  14  of  the  ' '  Standard 
Handbook  of  Electrical  Engineers"  (1908).  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Mining  Engineers,  the  American  Chemical  Society, 
the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers, 
the  American  Institute  of  Chemical  Engineers,  the 
Society  of  Chemical  Industry,  and  the  Chemists ' 
Club  of  New  York.  He  was  married,  May  6,  1900, 
to  Clara  Hedwig,  daughter  of  Gustav  Feir,  of  New 
York  city,  and  had  three  children:  Edward,  Bert, 
and  Robert  Roeber.  He  died  in  East  Orange, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  17,  1  17. 

EGBERTS,  Samuel  Judson,  editor,  was  born 
at  Pomeroy,  O.,  Feb.  11,  1858,  son  of  Edward  and 
Caroline  (Kelly)  Roberts.  His  father  was  a  Bap- 
tist minister  and  came  to  this  country  from  Wales 
in  1857.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Canton,  O.,  and  the  Avery  Academy.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen  he  became  a  reporter  on  the  Cleve- 
land "Leader,"  remaining  there  until  1882,  when 
he  joined  the  staff  of  the  Canton  "Repository," 
with  which  he  was  connected  for  six  years.  During 
that  time  he  became  prominent  in  public  life  in 
Canton.  He  was  elected  to  the  city  council  and 
was  candidate  for  mayor.  He  became  a  warm 
friend  of  William  McKinley,  afterward  president 
of  the  United  States,  with  whom  he  had  important 
political  relations.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Kfpubliean  convention  of  his  district  in  Ohio  that 
iirst  nominated  McKinley  for  congress,  and  he 
remained  one  of  McKinley 's  strongest  and  most 
valuable  supporters  until  the  latter 's  death.  In 
1888  Samuel  J.  Roberts  severed  his  connection  with 
the  "Repository"  and  went  to  Lexington,  Ky., 
where  he  established  the  "Kentucky  Leader."  The 
enterprise  showed  considerable  courage,  as  Lexing- 
ton was  a  staunch  Democratic  stronghold  and  the 
policy  of  the  new  paper,  like  that  of  its  founder, 
was  aggressively  Republican.  The  paper,  however. 
was  exceptionally  well  edited  and  well  managed ;  it 
was  the  first  afternoon  paper  ever  issued  in  that 
part  of  Kentucky;  it  was  dignified  without  being 
conservative,  and  thus  its  success  was  assured  from 
the  start.  It  was  first  owned  by  a  stock  company, 
but  as  it  grew  in  circulation  and  influence  Mr. 
Roberts  gradually  acquired  the  interests  of  his  as- 
sociates and  eventually  became  sole  proprietor. 
After  a  time  the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed 
to  the  Lexington  "Leader,"  its  present  title.  The 
main  features  of  its  policy  under  his  management 
were  a  persistent  fight  for  cleaner  elections,  more 
decent  political  conditions,  and  it  was  largely  re- 
sponsible for  the  reforms  in  the  election  laws  of 
Kentucky  and  for  the  clearing  up  of  political  con- 
ditions in  Lexington  and  Fayette  county.  It  was 
the  standard-bearer  of  the  Republican  party  in 
Kentucky,  and  the  growth  of  the  party  in  that 
state  was  largely  stimulated  by  its  activities.  Mr. 
Roberts  was  the  adviser  and  counselor  of  local  and 
state  party  leaders,  and  both  personally  and  through 
his  paper  he  exercised  a  tremendous  influence.  As 
chairman  of  the  Republican  state  campaign  com- 
mittee of  Kentucky  he  managed  the  campaign  for 
William  McKinley  in  1896,  and  in  this  capacity, 
as  well  as  through  the  columns  of  the  "Leader," 
he  supported  his  old  friend  with  such  ability, 
energy,  enthusiasm  and  loyalty  that  for  the  first 
time  in  the  history  of  Kentucky  that  state  gave  its 
electoral  vote  to  a  Republican  presidential  candi 
date.  In  recognition  of  his  services  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  McKinley  internal  revenue  collector 
for  the  Seventh  Kentucky  district  in  1897,  and  he 


318 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


held  that  office  by  reappointment  of  Theodore 
Roosevelt  until  1910.  His  long  fight  for  election 
reform  brought  about  his  appointment  by  Gov.  Wil- 
son to  the  Kentucky  election  commission  in  1911. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  editors  in  the  central  West 
to  advocate  the  commission  form  of  government, 
and  his  strong  and  convincing  articles  on  the  sub- 
ject were  instrumental  in  drawing  to  that  form 
of  government  the  serious  consideration  of  the 
people  of  Kentucky.  Few  men  in  Kentucky  ac- 
complished so  much  of  value  in  such  a  quiet  way 
:is  did  Samuel  J.  Roberts,  and  few  won  to  such  an 
extent  the  admiration  and  respect  of  all  classes  in 
his  community  independent  of  political  opinion. 
Perhaps  the  best  estimate  of  his  achievements  and 
personality  is  furnished  by  the  editor  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Lexington  "Herald,"  a  rival  both  in  busi- 
ness and  politics,  who  said:  "It  was  a  daring 
thing  Mr.  Roberts  did.  .  .  For  a  northern  man  to 
come  to  Lexington  and  start  an  afternoon  Republi- 
can newspaper  seemed  the  height  of  folly.  And 
yet  Mr.  Roberts  made  the  Lexington  'Leader'  a 
success.  From  its  first  time  until  to-day  he  made 
it  the  best  paper  published  in  Lexington.  Faith- 
ful to  duty,  he  was  industrious,  laborious  even,  in 
discharge  of  every  duty;  courteous  in  his  treat- 
ment and  kindly  in  his  feelings  toward  every 
human  being,  without  malice  and  uncontrolled  by 
enmity ;  generous  to  all  bound  to  him  by  blood  or 
friendship. ' '  Mr.  Roberts  was  married  in  1888,  to 
Anna,  daughter  of  F.  Joseph  Trout,  of  Canton,  O., 
and  'lied  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  Mar.  23,  1913. 

CHURCH,  Edmund  Tweedy,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  8,  1864,  son  of 
. I  nines  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Van  Boskerck) 
Church;  grandson  of  James  Crandon  and  Susan 
Courtney  (Kelso)  Church;  great-grandson  of 
Gamaliel  and  Lydia  (Alden)  Church,  and  9th  in 
direct  descent  from  John  and  Priscilla  (Mullins) 
Alden.  .lames  Henry  Church,  his  father,  a  native 
of  Poughkeepsie,  was  a  merchant  in  New  York 
city.  Edmund  Tweedy  Church  received  his  eduea- 
tiun  in  the  schools  of  Fergusonville,  N.  Y.,  and 
later  at  Brooklyn  grammar  school  from  which  he 
entered  business  in  the  hat  firm  of  Tweedy  &  Co., 
in  1880.  After  a  short  prospecting  trip  to  the 
West  he  came  back  to  New  York  and  in  1888  be- 
came a  traveling  salesman  for  J.  S.  Lowray  &  Co., 
men's  furnishing  goods,  later  James  R.  Keiser, 
Inc.  For  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  been 
allied  with  the  men  's  neckwear  trade  in  New  York, 
with  a  reputation  for  making  the  best  cravats  pro- 
duced in  the  country.  He  is  president  of  Church, 
Webb  &  Close,  Inc.,  New  York,  manufacturers  of 
cravats,  a  corporation  formed  in  1909,  and  he  is 
n)so  secretary,  treasurer  and  director  of  the  Re- 
ir.iorcecl  Cravat  Corporation,  New  York.  Self  re- 
liance and  tenacity  in  holding  to  his  convictions 
are  marked  characteristics  of  our  subject.  This 
was  exemplified  when  he  declined  to  remain  longer 
in  the  employ  of  others  and  launched  out  as  a 
manufacturer  against  the  advire  of  his  most  ex- 
perienced business  friends.  His  successful  guid- 
ance of  the  policy  of  the  firm  has  placed  it  in 
the  front  rank  of  all  similar  enterprises,  the  steady 
growth  in  volume  of  output  making  necessary  the 
addition  (1919)  of  another  plant.  He  was  for  a 
time  a  member  of  Co.  B,  23d  regiment  (Brooklyn), 
New  York  national  guard.  He  holds  membership 
iu  the  Wykagyl  Country  Club,  New  Rochelle,  and 
has  his  residence  at  New  Rochelle.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  golf  and  motoring.  Politically 
he  is  a  Republican,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of 
the  North  Avenue  Presbyterian  church.  He  was 
married  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1893,  to 


Sophronia  Carolyn,  daughter  of  David  Macartney, 
a  Methodist  minister  of  Catskill ;  they  have  two 
children:  Marjorie  (1896).  and  David  Alden 
Church  (1899). 

CARTER.  Orrin  Nelson,  jurist,  was  born  on  a 
farm  near  Clayton,  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
22,  1854,  son  of  Benajah  and  Isabel  (Cole)  Carter, 
and  grandson  of  Benajah  Carter.  His  father,  who 
had  been  a  sailor  on  the  Great  Lakes,  was  at  the 
time  of  his  death  a  captain.  Judge  Carter  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  and  Illinois,  and  was  graduated  at 
\Vliraton  (111.)  College  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
in  1S77,  subsequently  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  that  institution,  and  that  of  LL.D.  in  1S99. 
During  1877-80  he  taught  in  Normal  schools  at 
Dover  and  Morris,  111.,  and  during  1881-83  was 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Grundy  county,  111. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  Chicago  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Judge  Murray  F.  Tuley  and 
Judge  I.  N.  Stiles,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Illinois  in  1880,  and  in  that  year  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Morris.  He  served  as 
state's  attorney  of  Grundy  county  during  1884-88, 
and  the  following  year  removed  to  Chicago,  where 
his  legal  ability  and  talents  were  speedily  recog- 
nized and  he  soon  became  one  of  the  best  known 
lawyers  in  Cook  county.  He  was  general  attorney 
of  the  sanitary  district  of  Chicago  during  1892-94. 
In  November  1894,  he  was  elected  county  judge, 
was  re-elected  in  1898  and  again  re-elected  (with- 
out opposition)  in  1902.  Before  the  expiration 
of  his  third  term  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Illinois,  and  was  re-elected  to 
that  position  in  1915,  being  endorsed  at  this  elec- 
tion by  both  the  leading  political  parties  of  his 
district  (which  includes  Chicago  and  surrounding 
counties)  and  elected  without  opposition.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Chicago  Charter  Convention  of 
1905-06,  until  his  resignation  on  being  elected  to 
the  supreme  court.  He  was  president  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Crimin- 
ology in  1912-13.  When  the  judicial  section  of  the 
American  Bar  Association  was  organized  in  Mon- 
treal in  1913,  he  was  elected  its  first  chairman, 
and  re-elected  for  the  years  1914-15.  He  also 
served  as  president  of  the  Congregational  Club  of 
Chicago,  is  a  member  of  the  Illinois  and  Chicago 
Bar  Associations,  the  Lawyers  Club  and  Chicago 
Law  Institute;  also  of  the  Union  League  and 
Hamilton  chibs  of  Chicago.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican  and  in  religion  is  a  communicant  of 
the  Congregational  church.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation,  outside  of  the  legal  profession,  in  golf, 
gardening  and  walking.  His  publications  include: 
' '  Ethics  of  the  Legal  Profession, ' '  and  several 
monographs  on  legal  and  historical  subjects.  He 
was  married  Aug.  1,  1881,  to  Nettie  S.,  daughter 
of  Allan  Steven,  a  farmer  of  La  Salle  county,  111. ; 
they  have  two  children,  a  son,  Allan  J.,  a  lawyer  of 
Chicago,  who  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  legislature 
in  November,  191(i,  and  a  daughter,  Ruth  G.  Carter. 

ATHERTON,  Joseph  Ballard,  merchant  and 
capitalist,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  9, 
1837,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Robinson) 
Atherton.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brimmer 
School  and  the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  began 
his  business  career  in  the  service  of  a  general 
dry  goods  merchant  of  Boston.  In  1858,  be- 
cause of  impaired  health,  he  went  to  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands,  where  he  entered  the  employ  of 
E.  C.  Waterman  &  Co.,  dealers  in  general  mer- 
chandise. The  following  year  he  transferred  his 
connection  to  Castle  &  Cooke,  Ltd.,  owners  of  a 
small  general  merchandise  business;  was  ad- 


SAMUEL  J.  ROBERTS 

EDITOR 


ED.MUXD  T.  CHURCH 
MANUFACTURER 


ORRIX  X.  CARTER 
JURIST 


JOSEPH  B.  ATIIERTOX 

MERCHANT 


OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  319 

mitted  to  a  partnership  in  186S,  continuing  thus  the  idea  of  a  national  organization  formed  from 

until  the  close  of  his  life.     About  the  time  that  the   principal   bank   note   companies   of   the   coun- 

he  was  given  an  active  interest  in   the  business,  try  which,  by  the  perfection  of  its  work,   should 

the   concern   entered   the   sugar   trade,    acting   as  render     the     possibility     of     counterfeiting     most 

agent    for   several   plantations,   and   soon   became  difficult.     Largely  as  a  result  of  his  efforts,   the 

one   of   the   leading   sugar   agencies   and   commis-  American  Bank  Note  Co.  was  organized  in   May, 

sion     and     shipping     houses    in      the     Hawaiian  1858,     by     the     consolidation     of     the     following 

Islands.     The  firm  was  incorporated  in  1X94  un-  firms:     Rawdon,   Wright,    Hatch   &    Edson;    Top- 

der   the   same   title   with   a   capital   of    $600,000,  pan,  Carpenter  &  Co.;   Danforth,  Perkins  &  Co.; 

its  present  capital  being  $2,000,000,  and  he  was  Bald,    Cousland    &    Co.;    Jocelyn,    Draper,    Welsh 

president    from    the   time    of    incorporation    until  &   Co.;   Wellstood,   Hay   &  Whiting  and  John  E. 

his   death.     For  more   than   a   quarter  of   a   cen-  Gavit.      This    company,    the    largest    of    its    kind 

tury   he  was   a   dominant,   factor   in   the   develop-  in   the  world,   did   the   engraving   for   the    U.    S. 

ment  of  the  sugar  industry  of  the  Islands,  being  government,   such    as   U.    S.    postage   stamps,    na- 

one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Ewa  Plantation,  tional    bank    notes,    revenue    stamps    and    other 

Waialua   Agricultural   Co..  Ltd.,   and  also   of  the  government    documents.      In    1879    the    National 

Bank  of   Hawaii,  Ltd.     For  years  he  was  presi-  Bank  Note   Co.   and   the   Continental   Bank   Note 

dent    of    the    first    two    mentioned    corporations,  Co.  were  merged  with  the  American  Bank   Note 

while  he  was  first  vice-president  of  the  bank  dur-  Co.      Although    the   government   transferred   most 

ing    1897-1903.      He   was    likewise    an    officer    or  of  its  work   to  the   National   Bureau   of  Engrav- 

member    of    the    directorate    of   many    other    im-  ing  and  Printing  in  1878,  it  was  not  until   1893 

portant    organizations,    including    Oahu    Railway  that   the   postage  stamps  were  printed    in   Wash- 

and   Land   Co.,   Mutual   Telephone    Co.,    Honolulu  ington.      The    original    officers    of    the    American 

Iron   Works,   Paia   Plantation   Co.,    Haiku   Sugar  Bank    Note    Co.    were:     Charles    Toppan,    presi- 

Co.  and  the  Kohala   Sugar  Co.     He  was  equally  dent;    Moseley   I.    Danforth,    first    vice-president; 

active     in     civic,    municipal,    political,    religious,  and    Neziah    Wright,    first    treasurer.      In    1864 

educational    and    philanthropic    enterprises.      He  Mr.    Gavit   became   vice-president    ami    two   years 

was  president   of  the  Honolulu  chamber   of   com-  later    was    elected    president,    an    office    he    held 

merce,      1896-99;       also      president      at.      various  until    his    death.      During    his    administration    the 

times  of  the  board  of  the  Hawaiian  Evangelical  company   furnished   bonds,   bank   notes   and   reve- 

Association,   Honolulu   Sailors'   Home  and   Hono-  nue    stamps    to    the    governments    and    banks    of 

lulu  Young  Men's  Christian  Association;  he  was  also  Spain,     Italy,    Greece,    Switzerland    and     Central 

a  trustee  of  Oahu  College   and   deacon   and  tre.'is-  America,    as   well   as   of   the    United   States.      Mr. 

urer    of   the    Central    Union   Church.      He    served  Gavit  was  the  originator  of  the  automatic  signa- 

as    a    member    of    the    privy    council    under    Ka-  ture    of    bank   notes    in   facsimile;    of    the    intro- 

lakaua,     King     of     Hawaii,    in     1887,     and    was  duction  of  silk  threads  into  bank  note  paper;   of 

again    appointed    to    this    office    by    Queen"  Lili-  the  use  of  a  uniform,  distinctive  color  for  notes, 

uokalani    in    1S91.      His    political   affiliation    was  the  green  that  made  the  name  "greenback"  uni- 

with    the   Republican   party.      He   was   essentially  versal  to  express  bank  notes,  and  other  valuable 

a  man  of  action  and  circumspection,  and  he  was  devices.      Although    he    attained    to    so    high    a 

at    all    times    ready    to    lend    his    influence    and  degree  of  perfection  in  his  profession,  his  many- 

tanoible      co-operat"ion     in      the     furtherance     of  sided   mind   led    him   into   equally   exhaustive   pur- 

measures    and    enterprises    meeting    the    approval  suits    in    other    fields.      It    was    characteristic    of 

of   his   judgment.      He   was   thorough   and   pains-  him  that  each  was  followed  and  mastered  to  the 

taking  in  all  things,  and  ordered  his  life  on  the  limit  of  time  and  opportunity,  as  was  evidenced 

highest    plane   of   integrity   and   honor.      He  was  in    the    completeness    of    his    large    and    compre- 

married    June    29,    1865,  "  to    Juliette    Montague,  hensive    library.      His    keen    judgment,    accurate 

•laughter    of    Amos    Starr    Cooke,     originally     a  knowledge     and    appreciation     of    the    best    and 

teacher    in    the    Royal    School    and    later    a    mer-  truest   in   art    made   him   a   valuable   and    sympa- 

chant   of   Honolulu  ;    she   survives   him   with    four  thetie     critic    to    the    so-called     '  '  Hudson     River 

children:   Charles  Henry;   Mary  Gushing,  wife  of  School  of  Artists,"  the  group  of  young  painters 

Theodore     Richards;      Frank     Cooke     and      Kate  and    sculptors    that    centered    in    the    studio    of 

Marion   Atherton.     He   died   in   Honolulu,   H.    I.,  Erastus  Dow  Palmer,  the  sculptor;  Innes,  Bough- 

Apr.    7,   1903.  ton,  MacEntee,  James  and  William   Hart,  Launt 

GAVIT,     John     E.,     engraver    and     scientist,  Thompson,    Whitridge    and    Darley.      In    1839    he 

was  born  in   New  York  city,  Oct.   29,   1817,   son  attended    the    class    of    anatomy    in    the    Medical 

of    Joseph    Bloomer    and    E'liza    (Brown)    Gavit,  School    of   Albany,    N.    Y.,   and   he   was   also    iu- 

and    a    descendant    of    Philip    Gavet,    who    came  terested  in  the  science  of  astronomy.     In  1865  he 

from    the    Island    of    Guernsey    to    Marblehead,  and   Charles   A.    Spencer    (q.v.),   the   lens   maker, 

Mass,    in  1647,  and  later  settled  at  Salem,  Mass,  were  sent   to   Europe  by  the  Dudley  Observatory 

His  father   died   when  John  was  a   boy   of   four,  of  Albany  to  purchase  the  most  improved  makes 

and   he   crew   up  with  no   better  educational  ,  ad-  of    astronomical    instruments.      Not    only    in    Eu- 

vantages     than     those    provided    by     the     public  rope,   but    in    his   own   country,   his   scientific    at- 

•ic-lionls.      Entering    the    employ    of    Banton,    Du-  tainments     and     enthusiasm     and     the     magnetic 

rand  &   Edmonds,  engravers  and  printers,  at  the  quality    of    his    mind    and    personality    drew    to 

age    of    sixteen     he    learned    bank    note    transfer  him    the    leading    scientists    of    his    day,    among 


age 

and 

of 

a   vcar 


d  encn-aving      In   1S37   he   entered   the   employ  them    Professors    Henry,    Dana,    Baird,    Agassiz 

Smith    Perkins  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,   but  and    Silliman.      It    was    by    his    personal    effort 

a   vcar   later   went    with    Hall,   Packard   &   Gush-  that    Alexander   Agassiz   was   enabled   to   give   to 

man     of   Albany    N     Y.,   becoming   a   partner    in  the  world  his  great  work  which  waited  the  large 

the  firm  in   1840      At  this  time  he  engraved  and  sum     required    for    its    publication.      Mr.     davit 

printed    "The    New    York    State    Survey,"    and  followed    with    keen    interest    the    experiments    ot 

manv    New    York    historical    works.       When    the  his    friend,    Joseph    Henry,    during   the    develop- 

tottTr  firm  failed  in  1841.  Mr.   Gavit  engaged  in  ment    of    telegraphy.        While    Prof     Henry    was 

business    for    himself.      He    had    long    cherished  searching   for  a  non-conducting  material 


320 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


port  the  wires,  Mr.  Gavit  picked  up  from  the 
flour  a  common  blue  glass  bottle,  knocked  the 
thick  top  off  at  the  shoulder  and  offered  the 
top  for  the  purpose.  Nothing  better  as  an  in- 
sulator for  telegraph  wires  has  ever  been  found. 
He  was  also  a  skillful  microscopist,  especially 
proficient  in  minute  dissections  and  the  prepa- 
ration of  microscopical  slides,  of  which  he  left 
a  large  number.  The  study  of  his  latter  years 
related  to  the  influence  of  the  Gulf  stream 
upon  deposits  along  the  northeast  coast  and  in 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.  Mr.  Gavit  was  a  member 
of  the  Century  Club,  of  New  York  city;  the 
New  York  Microscopical  Society  (former  presi- 
dent) ;  the  American  Geographical  Society;  the 
New  York  Historical  Society ;  the  American  In- 
stitute (recording  secretary)  ;  the  National 
Academy  of  Science,  Washington;  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and 
the  Museum  of  Natural  History,  as  well  as 
several  smaller  clubs,  formed  for  individual 
study  and  research.  He  was  married  Nov.  28, 
1840,  to  Margaret  Sophia,  daughter  of  l>r.  Gain 
Robinson,  a  Massachusetts  physician  of  May- 
flower descent.  They  had  eight  children:  Jo- 
seph; Meta,  wife  of  Charles  P.  Adams;  William 
E.;  Helen  E.;  Clark  R. ;  Julia  N. ;  Cloe  B., 
wife  of  Theodore  Keese;  and  Pauline,  wife  of 
Rev.  Milo  H.  Gates,  D.D.  He  died  at  his  coun- 
try home  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  Aug.  25,  1874. 

WHITE,  Joseph  Huntington,  merchant, 
capitalist  and  philanthropist,  was  born  at 
Gosh«n,  Mass.,  Jan.  28,  1824,  son  of  Joseph  and 
Sophia  (Huntington)  White.  His  earliest  known 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Andrew  White, 
who  probably  came  from  England  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  was  doubtless  a  brother 
of  several  of  the  Whites  who  were  colonists  of 
Watertown,  Roxbury,  Brookline  and  Newton,  and 
who  came  to  America  about  that  time;  he  was 
most  likely,  also,  a  cousin  of  Andrew  White, 
who  was  among  the  first  settlers  of  Brookline; 
from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Benjamin  and  his  second  wife,  Abigail 
— ;  and  their  son  William  and  his  wife, 
Marcy  Dresser,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Joseph  Huntington  White.  Our  subject 's  father 
was  for  years  an  innkeeper  at  Goshen,  but  later 
became  a  prosperous  farmer  at  Hinsdale,  Mass. 
The  son  received  his  early  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  at  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  but  his  subse- 
quent education  was  largely  the  result  of  self- 
effort.  In  1846  he  became  s.  clerk  in  a  mercan- 
tile establishment  in  Boston,  and  a  year  later 
opened  a  dry  goods  store  at  Manchester,  N.  H., 
in  partnership  with  his  cousins,  William  and 
Benjamin  F.  White.  After  two  years  he  sold 
out  to  them  and  organized  the  dry  goods  im- 
porting and  jobbing  house  of  White,  Browne, 
Davis  &  Co.,  Boston,  and  from  the  outset  en- 
joyed a  large  and  profitable  trade,  especially  in 
the  line  of  dress  goods  for  women.  After  IM!( 
the  business  was  exclusively  importing,  with 
stores  in  New  York  city,  as  well  as  in  Boston, 
and  the  firm  name  became  White,  Browne  &  Co. 
The  old  firm  was  dissolved  in  1874  and  there- 
after he  was  head  of  the  firm  of  White,  Payson 
&  Co.,  selling  agents  of  the  Manchester  Mills, 
Manchester,  N.  H.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  reorganizing  the  Manchester  Mills  corporation 
after  the  financial  crash  of  1873,  and  was  long 
a  dominant  factor  in  the  directorate  of  that  con- 
cern. Upright,  industrious  and  enterprising,  he 
was  also  shrewd  in  judging  the  public  taste  and 
ia  supplying  the  demand.  He  retired  from  active 


business  in  1895,  and  thereafter  devoted  himself 
to  private  interests,  residing  at  Brookliue.  In 
buying  goods  for  the  firm  he  traveled  abroad 
extensively,  making  no  fewer  than  forty-four 
trips  to  Europe.  He  was  a  director  in  the 
Boston  &  Maine  and  the  Mexican  Central  Rail- 
road companies,  and  in  the  Eliot  National  Bank, 
of  which  institution  he  had  likewise  been  presi- 
dent for  many  years,  and  was  a  trustee  of  the 
Huntington  and  Brown  estates.  He  was  known 
as  an  art  connoisseur  and  owned  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  oil  paintings,  water  colors  and  por- 
traits. He  loved  nature,  and  the  development 
cf  his  estate  in  Brookline  afforded  him  the 
necessary  relaxation  from  commercial  cares.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Republican,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  standing  committee  of  the  Central  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Boston.  He  was  twice  married: 
(1)  Jan.  13,  1853,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Hiram 
Stanyan,  of  Chichester,  N.  H. ;  Mrs.  White  died  in 
1853,  and  he  was  married  (2)  Nov.  13,  1>>55,  to 
Ellen  Danforth,  daughter  of  Dr.  Isaac  Tewksbury, 
of  Hampstead,  N.  H. ;  she  survived  him  with  four 
children:  Joseph  Foster;  Helen  Huntington,  wife 
of  George  Jacob  Putnam,  Boston;  Harriet  Fos- 
ter, wife  of  Arthur  Crittenden  Smith,  Omaha, 
Neb.,  and  Grace  Sabra,  wife  of  John  Langdon 
Batchelder,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.  He  died  in 
Brookline,  Mass.,  Mar.  10,  1915. 

ROSE,  Walter  Malins,  lawyer  and  author,  was 
born  in  Toronto,  Canada,  Nov.  24,  1872,  sou  of 
Henry  J.  and  Elizabeth  (McCord)  Rose.  He  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Ontario,  Calif.,  when 
twelve  years  of  age,  attending  the  public  schools 
there,  and  was  graduated  at  Leland  Stanford  Uni- 
versity with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1895.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from 
Cornell  University,  having  completed  two  years  of 
law  work  in  one  year,  and  winning  the  Boardman 
thesis  prize.  Immediately  after  leaving  Cornell  he 
began  the  practice  of  law,  with  Judge  Robert 
Hayne,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  California  bar. 
Owing  to  ill  health  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish 
practice  and  live  in  Arizona.  In  the  field  of 
legal  writing  he  attained  wide  repute  as  the  editor 
of  the  thirteen  volumes  of  Rose 's  ' '  Notes  on  the 
United  States'  Reports,"  and  as  author  of  Rose's 
"Code  of  Federal  Procedure",  in  three  volumes 
(1907),  "Digest  of  U.  S.  Reports  from  the  Begin- 
ning to  Vol.  186,  TJ.  S. "  (3  vols.),  "Notes  on 
Texas  Reports"  (5  vols.),  and  various  monographs 
on  leading  cases.  Mr.  Rose  was  a  great  student,  a 
hard  worker  and  had  marked  executive  ability,  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Bar  Association,  the  Cornell 
Alumni  Chib  of  Southern  California,  and  the  Uni- 
versity Club  of  Los  Angeles.  He  was  married  ftt 
Holt,  Ky.,  Oct.  19,  1899,  to  Mary  Holt,  and  had 
one  son,  Joseph  Holt  Rose.  He  died  at  Los  Ange- 
les, Gal.,  Feb.  12,  19UV 

WHITE,  D'Orsay  McCall,  mechanical  engineer 
and  inventor,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
Nov.  28,  1880,  son  of  William  Dickson  and  Susanna 
D'Orsay  (McCall)  White.  His  father  was  a 
banker  in  Glasgow  and  his  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  well-known  engineer  in  that  city.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Glasgow  high  school  and  received 
his  technical  education  at  the  Airdrie  Technical 
College,  and  Royal  Technical  College  of  Glasgow, 
1895-1901.  During  the  same  period  he  served  his 
apprenticeship  in  the  workshops  of  Messrs.  Gibbs  & 
Hogg,  Ltd.,  locomotive  and  general  machinery  build- 
ers, Airdrie,  1895-97,  and  the  Fairfield  Shipbuild- 
ing &  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  (1897-1900),  where  he 
learned  the  groundwork  of  his  profession  in  the 
building  of  locomotives,  mining  plant  of  every  des 


•fl 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


321 


eriptiOH,  and  marine  engines  for  ocean  greyhounds, 
such  as  the  Campania,  battleship  engines,  and  en- 
gines for  cruisers  and  destroyers.  After  completing 
his  apprenticeship,  he  became  assistant  and  later 
chief  engineer  to  Messrs.  Alley  &  McLellan,  Ltd., 
of  Glasgow,  high  speed  steam  and  air  compressor 
builders  (1900-02).  Wishing  to  enter  the  auto- 
mobile industry,  for  two  years  he  became  assistant 
chief  engineer  of  the  Mo-Car  Syndicate,  Ltd.,  of 
Paisley,  Scotland,  and  while  there  developed  the 
silent  chain  drives.  He  then  became  chief  engineer 
of  the  All  British  Motor  Car  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Glas- 
gow, laying  out  the  entire  plant,  installing  the 
machinery,  and  designing  the  first  ear  (1904-06), 
whence  he  went  to  the  Daimler  Motor  Car  Co., 
Ltd.,  Coventry,  England,  as  assistant  engineer 
(1906-07),  subsequently  being  appointed  chief  en- 
gineer and  general  manager  of  their  branch  fac- 
tory in  Naples  (Societa  Officine  De  Luca  Daimler), 
designing  the  first  "Silent  Knight,"  22  H.P.  cars 
which  won  the  Dewar  trophy  in  England  by  their 
wonderful  achievements  and  durability.  When  in 
Naples,  Mr.  White  had  the  honor  of  conducting 
upon  automobile  trips  King  Edward  VII  and 
Queen  Alexandria  of  Great  Britain,  was  at  luncheon 
with  them,  and  received  from  them  a  beautiful  and 
valuable  memento — a  solid  gold  cigarette  case 
studded  with  precious  gems  mounted  in  the  royal 
coat  of  arms,  and  a  note  of  appreciation  with  their 
signatures.  After  returning  from  Italy,  Mr.  White 
became  chief  engineer  and  works  manager  for 
Messrs.  D.  Napier  &  Son,  Ltd.,  London,  England, 
manufacturers  of  the  famous  world  's  record  break- 
ing racing  ears  (1909-13),  later  becoming  manager 
for  Crossley  Motors  Ltd.,  Manchester,  (1913-14), 
whence  he  came  to  the  United  States  as  chief 
engineer  of  the  Cadillac  Motor  Car  Co.,  Detroit, 
Mich.,  to  design  the  famous  eight-cylinder  Cadillac, 
and  later  became  vice-president  and  assistant  gen- 
eral manager  of  that  company.  He  is  the  first 
of  his  family  to  come  to  America.  In  recognition 
of  his  work  in  producing  the  eight  cylinder  V-type 
engine  he  was  presented  with  a  silver  tablet,  suit- 
ably engraved,  at  a  dinner  given  in  his  honor  by  an 
organization!  consisting  of  the  oldest  members  of 
the  Cadillac  Motor  Car  Co.'s  dealers,  known  as  the 
"Cadillac  Old  Guard."  He  resigned  from  the 
Cadillac  Motor  Car  Co.,  June  1,  1919.  In  1917 
Mr.  White  was  appointed  one  of  a  special  com- 
mittee of  three  engineers  by  Mr.  Howard  E.  Coffin, 
then  chairman  of  the  Aircraft  Production  Board, 
to  investigate  and  improve  the  practicability  of 
the  twelve  cylinder  Liberty  Aircraft  Motor.  He  is 
now  vice-president  of  the  LaFayette  Motors  Co., 
of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  The  LaFayette  ear  was  de- 
signed by  him  throughout  and  is  being  manufac- 
tured under  his  direct  supervision.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber and  was  in  1917  chairman  of  the  Society  of 
Automobile  Engineers,  the  membership  of  which 
he,  with  his  fellow  officers,  raised  from  450  to 
almost  1,000  in  his  year  of  office,  and  is  also  an 
associate  member  of  the  Institution  of  Mechanical 
Engineers,  England;  member  of  English  Institute 
of  Automobile  Engineers;  Detroit  Athletic  Club; 
Detroit  Board  of  Commerce;  Detroit  Automobile 
Club;  Rushmere  Club,  and  member  and  governor 
of  the  Aero  Club  of  Michigan.  He  was  married, 
Sept.  25,  1906,  to  Edith  Mary,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam J.  Woolnough,  naval  architect  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  and  has  two  children:  Muriel  Phyllis 
McCall  and  D  'Orsay  McCall  White,  Jr. 

POWERS,  Horace  Henry,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Morrisville,  Vt.,  May  29,  1835.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town  and  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1855. 


He  chose  the  legal  profession  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1858.  Following  a  year  in  the  lower 
house  of  the  Vermont  legislature  he  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  and 
served  two  years,  1861-62.  After  ten  years  filled 
with  many  different  activities  in  the  northern 
counties  of  Vermont  he  again  went  to  the  legis- 
lature, this  time  to  the  senate,  where  he  served 
during  1872-73.  In  December,  1874,  he  was  ele- 
vated to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ver- 
mont where  for  sixteen  years  he  served  as  one  of 
the  state's  foremost  jurists.  He  declined  further 
service  on  the  bench  in  1890  and  was  at  once 
elected  to  the  52d  congress  and  in  1892  re-elected 
to  the  53d  congress.  Judge  Powers  had  filled  many 
varied  public  positions  from  the  time  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  and  there  had  been  numerous 
honors  bestowed  upon  him.  While  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1859  he  was  a  member  of  the  council 
of  censors,  a  body  of  thirteen  charged  with  the 
power  of  proposing  amendments  to  the  state  con- 
stitution, and  in  1870  was  a  member  of  the  con- 
stitutional convention  which  adopted  an  amendment 
providing  for  biennial  elections  in  Vermont.  He 
was  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  in  1874 
and  while  a  member  of  the  53d  congress,  was  chair- 
man of  the  Vermont  delegation  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  in  1892,  which  re-nomiiiutcd 
President  Benjamin  Harrison.  While  in  congress 
he  was  a  member  of  the  judiciary  committee  and 
the  committee  on  the  Pacific  railroads.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  Judge 
Powers  was  one  of  the  most  resourceful  lawyers 
of  his  time  and  possessed  a  candid  manner  of  ad- 
dress which  carried  to  both  jury  and  audience. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  11,  1858,  at  Morrisville,  Vt., 
to  Caroline  E.  Waterman.  Judge  Powers  died  at 
Morrisville,  Vt.,  Dec.  8,  1913. 

SAUNDEES,  Daniel,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Andover,  Mass.,  Oct.  6,  1822,  son  of  Daniel  and 
Phoebe  Foxcroft  (Abbott)  Saunders,  and  grand- 
son of  James  Saunders  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Little,  and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Saunders,  an 
early  settler  of  Haverhill,  Mass.  His  mother  was 
a  daughter  of  Caleb  Abbott,  a  revolutionary  sol- 
dier, who  served  from  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill  to  the  close  of  the  war.  His  father, 
Daniel  Saunders  (q.v.),  was  a  prominent  manu- 
facturer and  the  founder  of  Lawrence,  Mass.  The 
son  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  in  the  English 
school  at  Andover,  which  then  was  a  branch  of 
the  Academy.  He  entered  Phillips  Academy  in 
1837,  but  left  the  school  two  years  later  because 
of  ill  health.  At  that  time  his  father  owned  two 
mills,  one  in  North  Andover  and  the  other  in  Con- 
cord, N.  H.,  and  the  young  man  went  to  the  Con- 
cord corporation,  where  he  became  a  clerk.  He 
worked  for  his  father  for  two  years,  and  then 
went  to  Lowell  where  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
his  cousin,  Hon.  Josiah  G.  Abbott  (q.v.).  In  1842 
he  became  a  student  in  the  law  school  at  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  but  during  the  two  and  a  half  years 
that  he  remained  there  he  maintained  his  connec- 
tion with  his  cousin's  office.  On  Jan.  1,  1845,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Middlesex  bar  in  Cambridge, 
and  opened  a  law  office  on  Londonderry  turnpike, 
now  Broadway,  Lawrence,  Mass.  In  January, 
1849,  when  he  was  twenty-seven  years  old,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  before  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States.  Some  time  previous  to  this  a 
survey  of  the  Merrimack  river  from  Lowell  to  the 
sea  had  been  made  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
the  expense  involved  in  the  building  of  a  series  of 
locks,  after  which  the  matter  was  dropped.  In 


322 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


!  Daniel  Saunders,  Sr.,  happened  to  find  a 
profile  plan  of  the  proposed  enterprise.  It  seemed 
feasible  to  the  eider  Saunders  and  he  interested 
snme  of  his  friends  in  it.  The  Merrimack  Water 
Power  Association  was  formed  in  1843  to  develop 
the  river  water  power,  and  Daniel  Saunders,  Jr., 
was  a  member  of  the  association.  In  1S45  the 
Essex  Co.  bought  out  the  interests  of  the  associa- 
tion  for  $20,000,  and  a  few  years  later  Daniel 
Saunders,  Jr.,  was  made  a  director  of  the  Essex 
Co..  a  position  he  held  until  his  death.  Mr.  Saun- 
ders  was  active  politically,  and  though  he  was  al- 
ways  a  Democrat,  he  preferred  to  vote  for  the  best 
candidate  in  the  field  regardless  of  party  affilia- 
tions.  In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
and  served  one  term.  Ten  years  later,  though  not 
a  candidate,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  at  a  special  election  to  fill  the 
unexpired  term  of  George  Bensen.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Lawrence  on  the  Democratic 
ticket.  One  of  the  first  events  during  his  adminis- 
tration  was  the  fall  of  the  Pemberton  mills,  one  of 
the  worst  catastrophes  in  the  history  of  the  city, 
Mayor  Saunders  was  a  leading  factor  in  the  rescue 
work,  and  as  a  testimonial  of  appreciation  he  was 
presented  with  a  large  silver  service  by  the  citi- 
zens  of  Lawrence.  For  many  years  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the  Lawrence 
Savings  Bank  and  the  Sawyer  Eiver  Railroad  Co. 
He  was  a  member  of  Grecian  Lodge,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  the  Monday  Night  Club,  Harvard  Club  of 
Lawrence,  and  the  Bostonian  Society.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  Grace  Episcopal  Church.  He 
was  married  Oct.  7,  1846,  to  Mary  J.,  daughter  of 
Edward  Saint  Loe  Livermore,  of  Lowell,  Mass., 
and  their  children  were:  Charles  G.,  associated 
with  the  law  business  of  his  father  and  uncle; 
Mary  L.;  Annie  G.;  and  Edith  St.  Loe  Saunders. 
He  died  in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  Apr.  19,  1917. 

MTJNSON,  Loveland,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Manchester,  Vt.,  July  21,  1843,  son  of  Cyrus 
and  Lucy  (Loveland)'  Muuson.  His  first  Ameri- 
can  ancestor  was  Thomas  Munson,  a  native  of 
England,  who  was  a  pioneer  of  Hartford,  Conn., 
in  1637,  and  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1639, 
and  afterwards  served  as  captain  of  the  New 
Haven  company  in  the  Indian  wars.  From 
Thomas  Munson  and  his  wife  Joanna  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Samuel, 
who  married  Martha  Bradley;  their  son  Joseph, 
who  married  Margery  Hitchcock;  their  son 
Ephraim,  who  married  Comfort  Curtis;  their 
sou  Jared,  who  married  Anuorah  Hale;  their  son 
Rufus,  who  married  Bethiah  Burton,  and  was 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
Loveland  Munson  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Manchester  and  the  Burr  and  Burton 
Seminarv  of  that  place,  being  graduated  at  the 
latter  in  1M32.  In  the  following  year  he  became 
the  editor  of  the  Manchester  "Journal,"  and 
for  the  three  years  he  was  conducting  it  he  was 
also  engaged  in  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 
i't'  Klias  B.  Burton.  Admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1866,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
partnership  with  his  former  preceptor  under  the 
firm  name  of  Burton  &  Munson.  He  was  town 
clerk  of  Manchester  from  1866  to  1873,  and  was 
register  of  probate  1866-76.  He  was  the  delegate 
from  Manchester  to  the  constitutional  convention 
of  1870,  and  represented  that  town  in  the  legis- 
latures  of  1872  and  1874,  serving  as  chairman  of 
the  judiciary  committee  in  his  second  term;  and 
in  187$  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  where  he 
was  chosen  president  pro  tempore.  In  1882  he 
was  again  a  member  of  the  lower  house.  His 


sound  sense  and  absolute  sincerity  gave  him 
the  leadership  of  the  house,  both  in  1S74  aud 
in  1882.  Strong  in  debate,  his  speeches  uni- 
formly  commanded  the  close  and  respectful  at- 
tention  of  his  colleagues  and  almost  always  their 
hearty  support  of  measures  advocated  by  him. 
He  was  appointed  judge  of  probate  for  the 
district  of  Manchester  in  May,  1883,  and  con- 
tinned  in  that  office  until  1889.  In  1887  he  was 
made  chairman  of  a  committee  authorized  by 
the  legislature  of  1886  to  revise  and  redraft  the 
school  laws  and  incorporate  with  their  revision 
new  features  to  improve  the  schools  and  present 
the  same  in  the  form  of  a  bill.  The  bill  so 
drafted,  with  some  few  changes,  became  the 
school  law  enacted  in  1S8S.  In  1889  he  was  ap- 
pointed  by  Gov.  Dilliugham  a  judge  of  the  PU- 
preme  court;  and  from  1890  to  January,  1915, 
he  was  biennially  elected  to  that  office'  by  the 
legislature,  his  last  election  being  as  chief  jus- 
tice.  Some  of  the  more  important  supreme  court 
opinions  written  by  Judge  Munson  appear  in 
the  following  cases:  Boutwell  v.  Marr,  71  Vt.  1; 
Stearns  v.  City  of  Barre,  73  Vt.  281  ;  Avery  v. 
Vermont  Electric  Co.,  75  Vt.  235;  Caldbeek  v. 
Simanton.  82  Vt.  69;  State  v.  Howard,  S3  Vt. 
6!  State  v.  Clement  National  Bank,  84  Vt.  167; 
Roberts  v.  W.  H.  Hughes  Co.,  86  Vt.  76  ;  State 
v-  Lapoint,  87  Vt.  115;  Fitzgerald  v.  Metropoli- 
tan  Life  Insurance  Co.,  9U  Vt.  291.  In  1875 
ue.  delivered  an  excellent  "Address  on  the  Early 
History  of  Manchester,"  which  was  afterwards 
published.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Mark 
Skinner  Library  in  Manchester  since  its  opening 
iu  .1897,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Vermont  His- 
torical  Society.  Judge  Munson  was  married  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  May  4,  1882,  to  Mary  Burton, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Alexander  Bennett  Campbell, 
who  for  twenty-six  years  was  pastor  of  the  C'on- 
gregational  church  of  Mendon,  111. 

CONAWAY,  Asbury  Bateman,  jurist,  was 
horn  near  the  village  of  Leroy,  McLean,  co.,  111., 
Oet-  13>  18:(7>  son  of  William  and  Emily  (Porter) 
Conaway.  When  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age  the 
family  removed  to  Mt.  Pleasant,  la.,  where  he  was 
educated  in  private  schools  and  the  Iowa  Wesleyan 
University.  Having  an  unusually  active  brain  and 
great  love  for  study,  he  completed  the  four  years' 
classical  course  in  three,  and  was  graduated  in 
I860  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  At  the 
same  time  he  studied  law  and  received  his  LL.B. 
degree  from  the  university  in  the  same  year. 
Shortly  after  graduation  he  was  elected  justice  of 
the  peace,  and  served  until  the  following  spring, 
when  he  resigned  the  office  to  remove  with  the 
family  to  Chariton,  la.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the 
18th  Iowa  volunteer  infantry,  and  soon  rose  to  the 
rank  of  captain;  was  engaged  in  several  battles 
and  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  near 
Springfield,  Mo.  Returning  to  Chariton  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  he  entered  on  the  practice  of  law 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Iowa  legislature. 
In  1867  the  discovery  of  gold  in  what  is  now 
Wyoming  led  to  the  founding  of  South  Pass  City 
and  also  led  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  to  estab- 
lish  Cheyenne.  Mr.  Conaway  was  among  those 
who  settl'ed  in  the  former  place  in  1868,  when  the 
region  was  organized  as  Laramie  county,  Dakota, 
and  governed  by  a  vigilance  committee.  The  terri 
tory  of  Wyoming  was  then  organized  in  1869  and 
Mr.  Conaway  soon  settled  in  practice  in  Green 
River,  where  he  became  county  and  prosecuting 
attorney  of  the  county  of  Sweetwater.  When 
the  movement  for  statehood  came  in  1889  Mr.  Cona- 
way  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  constitutional 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


323 


convention  which  me^  in  Nnvember,  and  on  June 
21,  1x90,  he  was  appointed  to  the  territorial  su- 
preme court  by  Pres.  Harrison  to  succeed  Justice 
Samuel  T.  Corn.  The  state  was  admitted  the  tenth 
of  the  following  mouth,  and  Justice  Conaway  was 
promptly  elected  to  the  same  position  in  the  new 
commonwealth.  He  was  a  man  of  unusually  large 
physical  stature,  and  had  the  great  qualities  of  a 
judge,  never  impulsive,  peculiarly  free  of  preju- 
dices, with  a  strong  sense  of  justice,  broad  and 
profound  learning  and  a  literary  style  of  excep- 
tional excellence.  According  to  custom,  he  became 
chief  justice  on  Jan.  4,  1897,  but  was  destined  to 
serve  less  than  a  year.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Iowa  Wesleyan  University  in  1S93. 
Justice  Conaway  was  iiever  married.  He  died  in 
Cheyenne,  W3~o.,  Dec.  7,  1897. 

HARRIS,  Norman  Wait,  banker,  was  born  in 
Beeket,  Berkshire  CO.,  Mass.,  Aug.  15,  1846,  son  of 
Nathan  Wait  and  Charity  Emeline  (Wadswurth) 
Harris.  The  town  of  Beeket  was  originally 
ceiled  to  four  or  six  individuals,  among  whom 
was  his  mother 's  great-grandfather.  His  first 
American  paternal  ancestor  was  Thomas  Harris, 
a  native  of  England,  who  settled  at  C'harlestown, 
Mass.,  in  Ki.30.  From  Thomas  Harris  and  his 
wife,  Elizabeth,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Thomas,  who  married  Martha 
Lake;  their  son  Ebcnezer  and  his  wife  C'hristo- 
bel  Crary;  their  son  Nathan  and  his  wife 
Suzanna  Rude;  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife 
Lucy  Fox ;  their  son  Nathan  and  his  wife  Hulda 
Brega,  of  Brecket,  Mass.,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Norman  Wait  Harris.  Norman  Wait 
Harris  was  educated  in  the  Westfield  (Mass.) 
Academy,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  began 
his  business  career  as  soliciting  agent  for  a  life 
insurance  company  at  Cincinnati,  O.  Two  years 
later  he  became  the  general  agent  of  the  Equitable 
Life  Assurance  Society  at  Cincinnati.  In  1S67 
he  organized  the  Union  Central  Life  Insurance 
Co.  and  became  its  secretary  and  general  man- 
ager, continuing  as  such  for  thirteen  years,  when 
on  account  of  threatened  ill  health  he  disposed  of 
his  interests  in  the  company  and  went  to  Europe 
for  rest  and  recreation.  At  that  time  he  was 
the  largest  individual  stockholder  in  his  company, 
which  was  the  second  largest  in  the  West.  Re- 
turning from  Europe  in  1881,  he  located  in 
Chicago,  111.,  and  established  the  banking  house 
of  N.  W.  Harris  &  Co.,  with  branches  in  New 
York  city  and  Boston,  Mass.  This  company 
made  a  specialty  of  dealing  in  state,  county,  city, 
and  public  service  corporation  bonds,  the  business  of 
the  firm  extending  throughout  the  United  States. 
During  1907-13,  Mr.  Harris  was  president  of  the 
Harris  Trust  &  Savings  Bank  of  Chicago,  and 
was  also  president  of  Harris,  Forbes  &  Co. 
of  New  York  and  N.  W.  Harris  &  Co.,  Inc.,  of 
Boston.  Aside  from  his  business  activities,  Mr. 
Harris  was  also  a  leader  in  other  fields.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  International 
Committee  of  the  Young  Men  's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, to  which  he  was  a  large  financial  contribu- 
tor, and  was  vice-president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  Young  Men  's  Christian  Association  of 
Chicago.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  Chicago  Training  School  for  Home 
and  Foreign  Missions,  the  largest  training  school 
of  its  kind  in  the  country,  to  which  he  gave  the 
land  upon  which  its  principal  buildings  are  lo- 
cated, and  erected  its  chapel  and  one  of  its  main 
buildings  known  as  Harris  Hall.  He  also  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Dea- 
coneso  Pension  Fund,  which  he  founded,  contribut- 


ing thereto  $100,000,  and  was  a  trustee  of  North- 
western University,  to  which  he  donated  $250,000  in 
1913  to  erect  and  maintain  a  building  known  as 
Harris  Hall  of  Political  Science  and  History.  In 
1911  he  gave  $250,000  to  the  public  school  extension 
of  the  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Chi- 
cago. He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  was  connected  with  many  socie- 
ties of  a  charitable  and  benevolent  nature.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club  of 
Chicago,  the  Chicago  Club,  and  the  Lawyers', 
Metropolitan  and  Sleepy  Hollow  Country  clubs  of 
New  York.  Though  his  early  education  was 
somewhat  limited,  he  possessed  a  good  mind,  and 
was  unusually  well  informed  upon  the  current 
literature  of  the  day  and  matters  of  public  inter- 
est generally.  Of  a  quiet  disposition,  he  pos- 
sessed exceedingly  strong  domestic  tastes,  and 
was  much  attached  to  his  home.  He  was  a 
shrewd,  active  and  energetic  business  man,  and 
had  a  spotless  reputation.  Affable  and  genial  in 
manner,  he  had  a  large  circle  of  friends  and 
acquaintances.  Mr.  Harris  was  married  three 
times:  (I)  Jan.  1,  1867,  to  Jacyntha  Valland- 
ingham  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  who  died  July  22,  1873; 
(II)  January  28,  1875,  to  Clara  Cochnower,  who 
died  July  1,  187fi,  and  (III)  April  21,  1879,  to 
Emma  S.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Jonathan  G.  Gale  of 
Newton,  N.  H.,  and  great-granddaughter  of  Dr. 
Josiah  Bartlett,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declar- 
ation of  Independence.  He  was  survived  by  his 
wife  and  five  children:  Hayden  Bartlett,  Stanley 
Gale,  Pearl  E.,  who  married'  M.  Haddon  MacLeaii, 
Albert  W.  and  N.  Dwight  Harris.  He  died  at 
Lake  Geneva,  Wisconsin,  July  15,  1916. 

STOECKEL,  Carl,  philanthropist,  was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  Dec.  7,  1858,  son  of  Gustavo  J. 
and  Matilda  B.  (Wehner)  Stoeckel.  His  father, 
a  native  of  Germany,  came  to  America  in  1848, 
was  instructor  in  music  at  Yale  College  for  many 
years,  and  became  the  first  professor  of  music  at 
tin'  University  under  the  Battell  foundation.  Carl 
Stoeckel  was  educated  in  the  Sidney  A.  Thomas 
school  and  the  Hopkins  grammar  school  in  New 
Haven,  and  by  private  tutors.  He  traveled  exten- 
sively at  home  and  abroad  in  his  youth,  as  well  as 
in  later  life,  which  laid  the  foundation  for  the 
broad  culture  that  predominated  his  later  life. 
Aside  from  the  duties  of  private  secretary  to  the 
late  Robbins  Battell,  Mr.  Stoeckel  has  devoted  his 
life  to  the  advancement  of  music,  literature  and 
art,  to  history,  archaeolgy  and  science,  and  the 
preservation  of  patriotic  and  historical  works  and 
interests.  While  he  has  himself  studied  deeply 
and  extensively,  he  has  made  the  culture-  of 
others  his  chief  end  in  view,  and  music  has  been  the 
most  favored  object  of  his  interest.  The  unusual 
interest  in  music  in  Norfolk,  Conn.,  his  home 
town,  dates  from  the  early  part  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, when  Robbins  Battell  (q.v.)  organized  the 
Litchfield  Musical  Association,  composed  of  about 
100  members  of  the  musical  families  of  the 
county.  For  many  years  it  cultivated  tho  practice 
of  choral  singing,  particularly  a  capella.  This 
traditional  interest  was  revived,  through  Mr. 
Stoeckel 's  benevolence,  by  the  consolidation  of 
a  musical  union  which  embraces  choruses  of  the 
neighboring  towns  of  Norfolk,  Winsted,  Salisbury, 
Canaan,  and  Torrington.  These  choruses  combine 
each  year  for  festival  concerts,  which  are  given 
in  the  famous  "Music  Shed,"  built  by  Mr. 
Stoeckel  in  1906  at  Norfolk,  and  seating  2,000 
people.  All  concerts  given  in  the  "Shed"  are 
complimentary,  thanks  to  Mr.  Stoeckel 's  gen- 
erosity. Such  a  permanent  center  of  musical  ac- 


324 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


tivity  is  of  momentous  importance  in  the  artistic  settled  at  Salem,  prior  to  1643,  when  he  removed 

development  of  the  nation,  for  it  is  upon  such  en-  to  Taunton,  Mass.;   from  him  and  his  wife  Mary 

dowments  that  the  art  culture  of  the  people  must  Andrews   the    line    of   descent    is    traced    through 

largely  depend  in  a  country  where  government  sup-  their  sou  John,   and   his   wife   Elizabeth    Macey; 

port  is  impossible.     The   "JIusie   Shed"  was   de-  their  son  William  and  his  wife  Hannah  Tisdale; 

clared  to  represent  "a  beautiful  spirit  of  giving"  their   son   George  and   his   wife   Susannah   Cobb; 

and  to  be  "the  workshop  of  the  most  unique  philau-  their   soa    Silas   and   his   wife    Mary   Gould,   and 

thropy  of  the  world."     It  is,  however,  but  one  of  their  son  Henry  and  his  wife  Anna  Fuller,  who 

the  many  objects  of  Mr.  Stoeckel's  liberal  patron-  were    the    grandparents    of    the    subject    of    this 

age.     In  1897  he  founded  and  endowed  the  Litch-  sketch.     Dr.    Silas    Hodges   was    at    one    time   on 

field  County  University  Club  with  over  200  mem-  the   staff   of    Gen.   Washington,    and    he   was   en- 

bers,  and  gave  it  a  fund  to  be  used  for  the  com-  trusted     with     many     commissions.      Our     subject 

position   of  an   orchestral  work  by   an   American  was  also  a   descendant,  on  the  maternal  side,  of 

composer.     He  also  established  a  fund  to  provide  Gov.    William    Bradford    of   the    Mayflower.     His 

for  choral  compositions  in  large  form,  principally  father  was  a  lawyer.    Edward  F.  Hodges  received 

by  American  composers,  to  be  sung  by  the  Litch-  his  early   education   at  a   Eomau   Catholic   school 

field   County  Choral  Union.     Horatio  Parker  was  in   St.    Hyacinthe,    near    Montreal,   where   he   ac- 

selected  to  compose  the  first  work  and  he  has  been  quired    a    fluency    in    French ;    the    Boston    Latin 

followed  by  George  W.  Chadwick,  Henry  Hadley,  School  and  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  graduating 

S.     Coleridge     Taylor,    and    others.       While    Mr.  at  the  latter  in  1867.    He  then  entered   Harvard 


Stoeckel  has  also  given  personal  aid  to  many  com-     University,    where 
posers  in  America  and  abroad,  the  public  benefits    degree    of    A.B.    in 


he    was    graduated    with    the 
1671.     During    his    college 


bred  of  his  generosity  have  not  been  confined  to  course   he   studied  under   Asa   Gray,   Louis   Agas- 

the  patronage  of  music.     He  purchased  and  pre-  siz,    Oliver   Wendell    Holmes    and   others    of    this 

sented  to  the  John  Brown  Association  the  birth-  group,  which  brought  Boston  to  the  front  as  the 

place   of  John   Brown,   in   Torrington;    erected  a  center  of  American  literature.    In  1872   he  went 

battle  monument  to  Gen.  John  Sedgwick  at  Corn-  to   Washington,  D.  C.,  and   became   an   examiner 

wall  Hollow,  Conn.,  and  had  printed  for  gratuitous  in  the  patent  ofHee,  at  the  same  time  attending 

distribution  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Gen.  Sedgwick  lectures    at    the    medical    school    of    Georgetown 

by  his  sister,  Mrs.  Emily  Sedgwick  WTelch,  as  well  University,   where   in   1874,    he   received    his   first 

as  editing  the  "Correspondence  of  John  Sedgwick,  degree   of   M.D.    In   1875   he   returned   to   Boston 

Major  General,  U.  S.  A.,"  also  for  free  distribu-  and  entered  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  where, 

tion.     He  furnished  a  fund  for  the  publication  of  by   rigid   application,   he   received   his  second   de- 

a  book  to  be  written  by  a  member  of  the  Litch-  gree   of  M.D.  in   1877.    In   1880   Dr.   Hodges  lo- 

field  County  University  Club  on  a  subject  pertain-  cated  in  Indianapolis,  where  for  thirty  years  he 

ing  to  the  county,  and  for  similar  books  each  year  engaged    in    the    general    practice    of    medicine, 

for  ten  years.     The  first  was  "Litchfield  County  He  was   an  ideal   physician   who   at   once   gained 

Sketches"  by  N.  M.  Calhoun,  (1906),  and  has  been  the  absolute  confidence  of  his  patient.    He  never 

followed   by  "The  County  Regiment"   by  Dudley  ceased  to  be  a  student  of  the  rapidly  advancing 

Vaill,  (1907),  the  "Study  of  Birds"  by  H.  K.  Job,  science  of  medicine,  and  was  charmed  by  the  reve- 

(1907),  and  the  "Clergy  of  Litchfield  County"  by  lations  of  the  microscope.    He  served  as  a  member  of 

Arthur  Goodenough,   (1908).     The  club  books  are  the   faculty   of   the   Indiana    Dental   College,   lec- 

not  sold,  being  presented  to  the  principal  libraries  turer   to   the   City   Hospital   Training   School   for 

of  the   United   States   and  the  United  Kingdom.  Nurses,  pathologist  for  the  Central   Hospital  for 

Mr.  Stoeckel  has  likewise  assisted  in  the  prepara-  the  Insane,  obstetrical  surgeon  for  the  Indianapolis 

tion  of  many  other  works  pertaining  to  literature  City    Hospital,    contract    surgeon    at    the    U.    S. 

and  music.     In  recognition   of  his  success  in  his  arsenal,   for   eight  years  was   police   surgeon   and 

scholarly  efforts,  Yale  University  conferred  upon  for  over  twenty-five  years  professor  of  obstetrics 

Trim  the  honorary  degree  of  M.A.  in  1906.     He  is  of    the    Indiana    University    School    of    Medicine, 

a  member  of  the  Litchfield  County  University  Club,  He  was  also  chief  of  staff  of  Indianapolis  Flower 

the  Players'  Club  of  New  York,  the  Metropolitan  Mission   Hospital   for  Children.    For  his  students 

Museum    of    Art    of    New    York,    the     Hellenic  he    prepared    an    obstetrical    chart    which    proved 

Travellers'   Society   of   England,   the   Connecticut  of    great   value    to   them    and    to    the    profession. 

Civil  Service  Reform  Association,  the  Connecticut  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  American   Medical  Asso- 

Teachers '  Guild,  the  American  Scenic  and  Historic  ciation,     Massachusetts     Medical     Society,     Royal 

Preservation  Society  and  member  of  the  corpora-  Microscopical    Society   of   London,    and    professor 

tion    of    the    New    York    Post-Graduate    Medical  emeritus   of   the   Indiana   School   of   Medicine;    a 

School  and  Hospital.     He  is  a  life  member  of  the  member    of    the    Marion    county    (Ind.)     Medical 

American    Association    for    the    Advancement    of  Society;    a    founder    and    first    president    of    the 

Science,  the  American  Historical  Association,  the  Harvard   Club   of   Indiana;   first   governor  of  the 

Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  the  National  Indiana    Society    of    Mayflower    Descendants;     a 

Geographic  Society,  the  Connecticut  Historical  So-  founder    and    first    president    of    the    Georgetown 

ciety,  of  which  he  is  vice-president  for  Litchfield  University    Club    of    Indiana ;    a    member    of   the 

County,  the  American  Rose  Society,  the  Litchfield  Indianapolis  Literary  Club,  the  Pi  Eta  Society  of 

County   Historical  Society,   the   Royal   Society   of  Harvard,  and  the  Union  Club  of  Boston.    He  was 

Arts  and  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Meteorological  So-  also   a  M2d   degree   Mason ;   trustee   of   the   Gregg 

ciety  of  England.     He  was  married  at  Whitwell,  Fund    (appointed   by   the    Indianapolis   board    of 

Isle   of   Wight,   England,   May   6,   1895,  to   Ellen  school   commissioners)  ;    member   of   the   board   of 

Mills,    daughter   of   Robbins   Battell.     They   have  trade     and     vestryman     of     Christ     Church.      Dr. 

no  children.  Hodges    found    time    while   attending    to    a    busy 

HODGES,    Edward    Francis,    physician,    was  practice   to   carry   on   his   studies   in   botany   and 

born    in    Boston,    Mass.,    Aug.    1,    1851,    son    of  bacteriology,   to   win    honors   as    a    marksman,   to 

Edward    Fuller    and    Anne    Frances    (Hammatt)  become    a    gem    expert,    a    judge    of    letters,    at 

Hodges,    and    a    descendant    of    William    Hodges,  authority  on  Indian  lore,  a   linguist  and   a   trav- 

who    came    to    this    country    from    England    and  eler,  and  he  shared  with  the  Art  Association  of 


- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


325 


Indianapolis  the  treasures  of  a  mind  trained  by 
appreciative  travel  and  the  best  world  art  of 
painting,  sculpture  and  architecture.  As  a  writer 
he  was  clear  and  concise,  and  had  the  ability  to 
picture  in  most  fitting  words  what  he  had  seea 
or  experienced.  Although  an  aristocrat  always, 
he  was  catholic  in  his  keen  appreciation  of  evi- 
dences of  good,  and  with  the  quick  and  alert 
perception  of  the  skillful  diagnostician  his  gentle 
heart,  broad  charity  and  strong  personality  made 
him  at  home  with  all  the  world.  He  was  married 
Oct.  25,  1877,  to  Laura,  daughter  of  Stoughtoa 

A.  Fletcher,  Jr.,  who  survived  him  with  one  son, 
Dr.  Fletcher  Hodges  of  Indianapolis.    Dr.  Hodges 
died  at  his  summer  home,  ' '  Glimmerstone, ' '  Cav- 
endish, Vt.,  July  11,  1016. 

OKIE,  John  Brognard,  land  owner,  was  born 
at  Madison,  Indiana,  Dec.  10,  1864,  son  of  Wil- 
liam Thompson  and  Susan  J.  (Pitcher)  Okie.  He 
is  a  descendent  of  John  Okey,  a  colonel  of  dragoons 
under  Oliver  Cromwell.  His  first  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  a  son  of  this  Col.  John  Okey 
who  emigrated  to  America  upon  the  accession  of 
Charles  II.  He  settled  at  New  York  in  1660.  The 
great-grandfather  of  John  Brognard  Okie  was 
Abram  Okie  who  was  for  many  years  president  of 
the  Western  Reserve  Bank  of  Philadelphia  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Girard  Trust  Co.  of 
Philadelphia.  Abram  Okie  married  Abigail,  the 
daughter  of  Jean  Baptiste  Caroue  Brognard,  who 
was  born  in  Saliuo,  Province  of  Franche  Comte, 
France,  in  1761.  He  enlisted  as  a  volunteer  in 
the  Grenadier  Corps  of  the  Due  de  Lauzun  and 
served  in  America  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  John 

B.  Okie  was  educated  at  the  high  school  in  Wash- 
ington,  D.   C.,   and  at  the   school   of   the   U.   S. 
Revenue  Marine  to  which  he  was  appointed  cadet 
in  1881.     He  resigned  from  the  Revenue  Marine 
service  in  18S2,  went  to  Wyoming  and  engaged  in 
grazing,   making   a  specialty   of   sheep.     He  now 
owns   one   of   the  largest   flocks   of   sheep   in   the 
arid  region  and  has  extensive  holdings  of  irrigated 
and  grazing  lands  in  the  Bighorn  Mountains.     He 
was  the  pioneer  of  that  section  and  assisted  ma- 
terially in  its  development.     In  18S4  he  founded 
the  ranch  of  Lost  Cabin,  at  that  time  130  miles 
from  the  nearest  railroad.     It  has  since  developed 
into  a  village  and  is  an  attractive  place — an  oasis 
in  the  desert  which  stretches  south  of  the  Bighorn 
Mountains.     As  he  owned  the  whole  place  he  was 
able  to  carry  out  his  ideas  in  a  way  that  would 
be    impossible    with    community    ownership.      The 
transformation  from  waterless  desert  to  a  highly 
developed    town    with    every    modern    convenience 
represents  an  unusual  task  when  it  is  remembered 
that  for  many  years  all  traflic  was  by  wagon  over 
long  stretches  of  desert.    Mr.  Okie  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Wyoming  in  1892  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  received  the  full  Republican  legislative 
vote  for  the  U.  S.  Senate.     He  is  one  of  the  com- 
missioners  of   the   Yellowstone   Highway   Associa- 
tion, and  built  at  his  own  expense  and  gave  to  the 
public  more  than  thirty  miles  of  graded  mountain 
roads  from  Lost  Cabin  to  the  summit  of  the  Big- 
horn Mountains.     He  speaks  French  and  Spanish 
and  has  traveled   in   all  parts  of  the  world;   has 
passed   an   examination   entitling  him  to  practice 
as  a  civil  engineer ;   is  an  amateur  geologist  and 
ornithologist  and  has  at  Lost  Cabin  the  finest  pri- 
vate collection  of  living  birds  to  be  found  anywhere 
in  America.     He  has  been  twice  married;    (1)    in 
1887  to  Jeanette  Anderson,  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming, 
and   (2)  in  1908  to  Clarice  V.  Thompson,  of  Vin- 
ton,  Iowa.     He  has  seven  living  children  by  his 
first  marriage. 


BUCKINGHAM,  George  Tracy,  lawyer,  was 
born  at  Delphi,  Ind.,  Apr.  21,  1864,  son  of  Tracy 
Wilson  and  Helen  (Clark)  Buckingham.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Thomas 
Buckingham,  who  came  from  Buckinghamshire, 
England,  in  1658,  and  settled  at  New  Haven,  Conn. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
his  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Sarah  Baldwin; 
their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Sarah;  their  son 
Thomas  and  his  wife  Mary  B.  Woodruff;  their 
son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Sarah  Treat;  their  son 
Dan  and  his  wife  Philena  Washington  Guernsey, 
to  their  son  Joseph  Guernsey  Buckingham  and 
his  wife  Amelia  Bridget  McCoy,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  George  Buckingham.  He  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  public  schools 
and  at  Central  Normal  School,  Ladoga,  Ind.  Dur- 
ing his  youth  he  was  employed  on  a  farm,  in  a 
brick  plant,  and  in  a  store  at  Potomac,  also  in 
stores  at  Danville,  111.  Meanwhile,  at  night,  he 
continued  general  studies,  and  later  the  study  of 
law,  subsequently  becoming  a  regular  law  student 
under  the  preceptorship  of  W.  J.  Calhoun,  at 
Danville.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois 
in  1890,  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  clerk 
of  the  Illinois  house  of  representatives,  while  later 
in  the  same  year,  by  appointment  of  Pres.  Har- 
rison, became  special  agent  of  the  U.  S.  treasury 
department.  In  this  position  he  traveled  exten- 
sively in  all  parts  of  this  country,  in  Mexico,  Can- 
ada and  Europe  until  1894.  He  then  returned  to 
Danville,  became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Buckingham  &  Troup,  with  Charles  Troup,  and, 
until  1908,  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice  in  Ver- 
milion county,  and  the  adjoining  counties  in  botli 
Illinois  and  Indiana.  While  residing  in  Dan- 
ville he  was  a  dominant  factor  in  Republican 
politics,  a  delegate  to  every  county  and  state  con- 
vention, chairman  of  the  state  convention  of  1908, 
and  delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  the 
same  year.  In  the  latter  he  argued  the  eases  of 
the  "Allies"  contested  delegates  (Cannon, 
Hughes,  Foraker  and  Fairbanks)  before  the  cre- 
dentials committee,  at  the  famous  all-night  session, 
and  next  day  led  the  debate  on  the  floor  in  favor 
of  the  since  celebrated  resolution  to  restrict 
southern  representation.  He  was  trustee  of  the 
Kankakee  Insane  Hospital  during  1897-1901,  and 
president  of  the  Joliet  prison  board,  during  1901- 
05.  In  1887  he  joined  the  Illinois  national  guard 
as  a  private  in  Battery  A,  Danville;  was  commis- 
sioned lieutenant-colonel  in  1898,  and  colonel  in 
1901.  Also,  while  at  Danville,  he  was  interested 
in  a  number  of  commercial,  industrial  and  finan- 
cial undertakings,  as  well  as  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, and  still  retains  holdings  in  some  of  them. 
In  1908  he  settled  in  Chicago  as  a  member  of  the 
firm  which  is  now  Defrees,  Buckingham  &  Eaton, 
still  continuing  in  that  capacity.  From  1910  to 
1917  he  was  lecturer  on  constitutional  law,  Chi- 
cago Kent  College  of  Law.  For  years  he  was  ac- 
tive as  a  court  lawyer  and  participated  in  numer- 
ous cases  in  various  counties  of  Illinois  and  In- 
diana, and  in  the  appellate  and  supreme  courts  of 
those  states.  During  this  period  he  appeared  in 
many  cases  of  local  importance,  among  them  forty- 
one  homicide  cases,  defenses  of  Carrington,  and 
of  Monroe  at  Danville;  of  Connors  at  Fairfield; 
Iroquois  theater  cases;  newspaper  libel  cases  at 
Danville,  Springfield,  Champaign  and  Kankakee; 
the  Palmer  will  case,  and  several  cases  in  the 
state  supreme  court  involving  the  constitutionality 
of  various  statutes.  After  removing  to  Chicago 
he  participated  in  the  defence  of  the  packers,  who 
were  prosecuted  under  the  Sherman  law;  the 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Alaska  coal  land  cases;  Mississippi  lumber  cases; 
Chicago  Eailway  Equipment  Co.  litigation;  Booth 
fisheries  receivership  and  litigation;  John  R. 
Walsh  Estate  litigation;  the  Kellosg  cases  in  De- 
troit and  Cincinnati;  Cayuna  iron  ore  cases  in 
Duluth  and  Denver;  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  re- 
bate cases  in  New  York;  Indianapolis  "Star"' 
case,  and  numerous  cases  known  in  stnte  and  federal 
courts  throughout  the  country.  In  later  years  his 
professional  work  has  been  less  active  in  the  cmirts 
and  more  as  counsel  to  other  lawyers,  and  in  bus- 
iness organizations,  corporate  reorganizations,  etc. 
He  has  frequently  appeared  as  a  public  speaker  on 
patriotic,  governmental  and  economic  subjects.  He 
is  past  president  Indiana  Society  of  Chicago; 
member  Chicago  Bar  Association,  and  member 
American  Bar  Association,  Illinois  Stnte  Bar  As- 
sociation, Vermilion  County  Bar  Association, 
Masonic  fraternity,  in  which  he  holds  the  32d  de- 
gree, and  the  Union  League,  Mid-Day,  Hamilton 
and  Exmoor  clubs,  Chicago;  Lotos  Club,  N.  Y. ; 
Magazine  Club,  Springfield,  111.;  Elks  and  Country 
clubs,  Danville,  111.  He  finds  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  golf  and  automobiling,  and  is  affili- 
ated with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He 
was  married  Nov.  3,  1893,  to  Victoria,  daughter 
of  John  Donlon,  a  pioneer  coal  operator  in  the 
Danville  district,  of  distinguished  French  Hugue- 
not ancestry,  and  a  descendant  of  Count  Barthol- 
omew Dupuy,  who  came  to  Virginia  in  1700.  They 
have  one  child,  Tracy  Wilson  Buckingham. 

DALJLETT,  Morris,  jurist,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  May  11,  1864,  son  of  Michael  F.  and 
Amelia  (Morris)  Dallett.  His  maternal  grand- 
father was  Robert  Morris,  of  Philadelphia,  at  one 
time  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Inquirer, ' '  and 
later  president  of  the  Commonwealth  National 
Bank  of  that  city.  Michael  F.  Dallett,  father  of 
the  subject  and  a  native  of  New  York,  was  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Boulton,  Bliss  &  Dallett, 
owners  of  the  Red  "D"  South  American  Steam- 
ship Line.  Morris  Dallett  received  his  preliminary 
education  at  Edward  Roth 's  Academy  and  at 
Henry  Hobart  Brown's  school,  which  later  became 
De  Laucey  School.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  in  1884  with  the  degree 
A.B.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law  in  Phila- 
delphia under  the  preceptorship  of  Henry  T.  Cole- 
man,  at  the  same  time  taking  a  course  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  law  school,  at  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1887  with  the  degree  LL.B. 
In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Philadelphia.  As  practicing  attorney  he  was 
associated  with  Samuel  W.  Penuypacker  (q.v.), 
afterwards  governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  handled 
important  cases  for  large  corporations.  In  1905 
Gov.  Pennypacker  appointed  him  judge  of  the 
orphans'  court  to  rill  out  an  unexpired  term,  and 
in  the  same  year  he  was  regularly  elected  to  that 
office  for  the  succeeding  term  of  ten  years.  In 
1911  he  became  presiding  judge  of  the  orphans' 
court.  In  1915  he  was  re-elected  for  a  second  ten- 
year  term.  His  selection  in  1905  was  approved  by 
members  of  the  bar,  among  whom  he  held  a  prom- 
inent place,  and  by  the  political  leaders,  who,  how- 
ever, had  no  hand  in  the  appointment.  When  he 
was  appointed  his  associates,  Judges  Hanna,  Ash- 
man and  Penrose,  were  his  seniors  by  many  years. 
They  had  been  largely  instrumental  in  moulding 
the  present  system  of  practice  in  the  court.  Within 
six  years  after  his  appointment  all  three  QJ."  these 
eminent  judges  had  passed  away,  and  in  1911  the 
duties  and  responsibilities  of  president  judge  de- 
volved upon  him.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Am- 


erican Bar  Association,  Pennsylvania  State  Bar 
Association,  Philadelphia  Law  Association,  Shars- 
wood  Law  Club,  Union  League,  Rittenhouse  and 
Philadelphia  Country  clubs,  Philadelphia,  and  the 
Equanok  Country  Club,  Manchester,  Vt.  He  had 
a  country  home,  "Greystone  Farm,"  at  Westtown, 
Pa.,  where  for  many  years  he  devoted  himself  to 
stock-raising,  in  which  he  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion. His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  Judge  Dallett  had  a  mind 
of  ready  perception,  broad  vision  and  strong  grasp. 
He  was  one  of  the  leading  judges  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  had  he  lived  he  undoubtedly  would  have 
reached  even  higher  honors  and  distinction.  He 
was  married  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Apr.  28,  1SS8,  to 
Margaret  B.,  daughter  of  Joseph  M.  Millard  of 
Pittsburgh;  she  survived  him,  with  four  children: 
Marie,  who  married  C.  R.  Penington,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  Morris,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Margaret, 
Amelia,  and  Marjorie  V.  Dullett.  He  died  at  Hot 
Springs,  Va.,  Aug.  23,  1917. 

STODDAHD,  John  Williams,  lawyer  and 
manufacturer,  was  born  at  Dayton,  O.,  Oct.  1, 
1837,  son  of  Henry  and  Susan  '(Williams)  Stod- 
dard,  and  a  descendant  of  Rev.  Anthony  Stoddard, 
a  native  of  England,  who  settled  in  Boston  in  1639. 
The  descendants  of  Anthony  Stoddard  comprise  a 
long  line  of  prominent  names,  many  of  them  dis- 
tinguished in  the  history  of  this  country,  Jona- 
than Edwards,  Aaron  Burr,  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman 
am  Sen.  John  Sherman  were  descendants  of  the 
Stoddard  family.  John  W.  Stoddard  was  pre- 
pared for  college  in  private  schools  in  Dayton, 
and  after  spending  his  Freshman  and  Sophomore 
years  at  Miami  College,  Oxford,  O.,  entered  Prince- 
ton College  where  he  was  graduated  in  1858.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in 
1860  and  for  two  years  practiced  law  in  Dayton. 
In  1862,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Henry 
Stoddard,  and  Charles  G.  Grimes,  he  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  linseed  oil  under  the  firm 
name  of  Stoddard  &  Grimes.  To  this  business  was 
added  in  1866  the  manufacture  of  varnishes.  The 
firm  at  the  same  time  engaged  in  selling  at  whole- 
sale paints,  oils,  window  glass,  etc.,  under  the 
name  of  Stoddard  &  Co.  In  1869  Mr.  Stoddard 
disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  business  to  his 
brothers,  Henry  and  E.  Fowler  Stoddard,  and  in 
the  same  year  engaged  with  John  Dodds,  under  the 
firm  name  of  John  Dodds  &  Co.,  in  the  manufacture 
of  agricultural  implements.  This  firm  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1874  by  J.  W.  Stoddard  &  Co.,  E.  Fowler 
Stoddard  and  William  A.  Scott  being  admitted  as 
partners.  In  1884  the  Stoddard  Manufacturing 
Co.  was  incorporated,  Mr.  Stoddard  being  the  presi- 
dent and  largest  stockholder.  From  this  firm 
sprang,  in  1905,  the  Dayton  Automobile  Co.,  which 
manufactured  the  Stoddard-Dayton  Automobile. 
Later,  this  firm  was  absorbed  by  the  Maxwell  Auto- 
mobile Co.,  and  Mr.  Stoddard  retired  as  active 
head.  He  retained  interests  in  other  companies, 
however,  and  was  active  in  various  directorates 
until  the  close  of  his  life.  At  the  time  of  his 
dc:ith  he  was  a  director  of  the  Fourth  National 
Bank,  the  Davis  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  and  the 
Indiana  Iron  Co.,  Muucie,  Ind.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Dayton  City  and  Dayton  Country  clubs, 
and  of  the  National  Geographical  Society.  His 
clubs  were:  Dayton  City  (former  president); 
Dayton  Country,  and  Miami ;  he  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Geographical  Society.  He  was 
married,  May  7,  1861,  to  Susannah,  daughter  of 
Daniel  Keifer  of  Dayton,  O.,  and  they  had  four 
children:  Charles  G.,  Annie  Howard,  wife  of 


GEORGE  T.  BUCKINGHAM 
LAWYER 


MORRIS  DALLETT 
JURIST 


•     -&m 

/>  'V' 


JOHX  W.  STODDARD 
MANUFACTURER 


FREDERICK  C.  BEACH 
I.1HTOR  AND  SCIENTIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


327 


Charles  M.  Wood ;  Alice,  wife  of  E.  Frank  Platt ; 
and  Florence,  wife  of  Edwin  Stanton  Reynolds. 
He  died  in  Dayton,  O.,  Sept.  18,  1917. 

BEACH,  Freder-ck  Converse,  editor,  pub- 
lisher, and  scientist,  was  born  in  New  York,  N.  Y., 
Mar.  27,  1848,  son  of  Alfred  Ely  (q.v.)  and  Har- 
riet Eliza  (Holbrook)  Beach.  Moses  Y.  Beach, 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  prominent 
figure  in  the  life  of  earlier  New  York,  and  for 
many  years  proprietor  of  the  New  York  ' '  Sun. ' ' 
On  the  distaff  side  our  subject  was  descended 
from  the  Plymouth  pilgrim,  Elder  William  Bvew- 
ster  (q.v.),  and  Elihu  Yale  (q.v.),  patron  of  Yale 
College.  Rev.  Alfred  Ely,  D.D.,  a  noted  divine, 
was  his  great-uncle.  Alfred  Ely  Beach,  our  sub- 
ject's father,  learned  newspaper  work  on  the 
"Sun"  and  at  twenty  purchased  the  "Scientific 
American"  from  Rufus  Porter  (q.v.),  who  had 
founded  it  the  previous  year  (1845).  Beach  in- 
duced his  former  schoolmate,  Orson  Desaix  Munn 
(q.v.),  to  join  him  in  the  publishing  and  patent 
business,  as  Munn  &  Co.,  and  under  their  direc- 
tion the  ' '  Scientific  American  ' '  became  the  most 
celebrated  and  lucrative  scientific  journal  ever 
published.  For  many  years  he  had  the  editorial 
direction  of  the  "Scientific  American,"  "Scien- 
tific American  Supplement."  "Scientific  Ameri- 
can Architects'  and  Builders'  Edition,"  and  "La 
America  Cientifica, "  the  Spanish  edition  of  the 
"Scientific  American."  In  addition  to  editor- 
ship, the  elder  Beach  was  a  skilled  patent  lawyer 
and  had  superintendence  of  Munn  &  Co.  's  great 
patent  bureau,  and  of  their  vast  correspondence. 
His  notable  inventions  included  a  typewriter 
which  took  first  prize  and  a  gold  medal  at  the 
Crystal  Palace  Exhibition,  New  York  city,  1856, 
as  one  of  the  most  novel  and  interesting  objects 
exhibited.  In  1864  he  patented  cable  and  railway 
devices  which  were  purchased  by  the  Greenwich 
Street  Elevated  Railway  Co.,  New  York,  prior  to 
the  adoption  of  locomotives  on  that  road,  and  in 
1865  he  obtained  patents  for  carrying  letters  and 
mail  matter  in  tubes  under  city  streets,  and 
mapped  New  York  city  out  for  a  general  system 
of  receiving  and  distributing  stations.  In  1868 
he  designed  his  hydraulic  tunnelling  shield,  also  a 
pneumatic  passenger  railway.  The  Beach  hy- 
draulic tunnel  system  was  used  in  building  the 
underground  railway  tunnels  in  London  and  under 
the  Thames;  at  Glasgow  under  the  Clyde;  at 
Liverpool  under  the  Mersey,  while  the  great  St. 
Clair  river  railroad  tunnel  at  Port  Huron,  Mich., 
was  executed  by  means  of  his  shield,  as  were  also 
the  tunnels  under  the  Hudson  and  East  rivers, 
New  York.  In  early  life  Frederick  Converse 
Beach  moved  to  Stratford,  Conn.,  which  continued 
to  be  his  place  of  residence  until  his  death.  He 
received  his  preliminary  education  at  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  and  was  graduated  Ph.B.  at  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  of  Yale  University  in  1868.  It 
was  about  this  time  that  his  father  was  building 
(at  his  own  expense)  the  passenger  subway 
beneath  Broadway  extending  from  Warren  street 
nearly  to  the  post-office,  and  F.  C.  Beach  was 
placed  in  charge  of  this  work,  first  as  constructing 
and  then  as  operating  engineer.  Few  persons 
were  aware  that  the  work  was  in  progress ;  but 
when  it  was  completed  it  was  thrown  open  to  the 
public  and  thousands  enjoyed  a  ride  in  a  car 
driven  by  atmospheric  pressure.  The  tunnel  was 
nine  feet  four  inches  in  exterior  diameter;  the 
curved  portion  was  walled  by  cast-iron  plates,  put 
up  in  segments  and  united  by  means  of  bolts,  the 
straight  portion  being  walled  with  brick  masonry. 
The  tunnelling  shield  was  a  strong  cylinder,  re- 


sembling a  huge  barrel  with  both  heads  removed, 
the  front  end  being  sharpened  with  a  cutting  edge 
to  enter  the  earth.  By  means  of  a  system  of 
hydraulic  pistons,  arranged  around  the  main  walls 
of  the  tunnelling  shield  and  longitudinally,  all 
operated  from  a  common  pump,  and  each  having 
cocks  whereby  it  could  be  cut  off  from  the  pump 
whenever  desired,  Beach  was  enabled  to  govern 
the  direction  of  the  shield  with  the  utmost  pre- 
cision, making  it  ascend  of  descend  in  the  earth, 
according  to  the  grade  required,  or  travel  on  a 
curve  of  any  desired  radius.  On  the  completion 
of  this  work  young  Beach  joined  the  staff  of 
Munn  &  Co.,  in.  the  branch  office,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  and  subsequently  he  engaged  in  the  patent 
business  in  New  York,  also  as  a  manufacturer  of 
electrical  instruments.  In  1877  he  entered  the 
office  of  the  "Scientific  American,"  assisting  his 
father,  and  after  the  latter 's  death,  in  1896,  he 
added  to  his  other  duties  those  of  secretary  of 
Muuu  &  Co.,  Inc.,  a  position  which  he  held  up  to 
the  time  of  his  own  death.  His  devotion  to  busi- 
ness was  a  matter  of  frequent  comment  among 
his  friends  and  associates;  and  with  the  possible 
exception  of  his  work  in  the  promotion  of  ama- 
teur photography,  there  was  nothing  of  a  business 
character  in  his  long  career  that  lay  so  near  his 
heart  or  gave  him  such  sincere  pride  as  the  growth 
and  popularity  of  the  ' '  Scientific  American. ' ' 
His  activities  in  the  world  of  photography  began 
in  1864,  when  he  was  in  his  17th  year,  and  con- 
tinued to  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
amateurs  of  any  note  in  America,  beginning  the 
practice  of  photography  as  a  pastime.  At  nine- 
teen he  suggested  to  the  U.  S.  commissioner  of 
patents  the  practicability  of  photo-lithographing 
U.  S.  patents,  a  plan  later  adopted.  He  made 
many  experiments  in  photography  and  wrote 
much  on  photographic  topics.  In  1880  he  founded 
the  Society  of  Amateur  Photographers  of  New 
York  (now  the  Camera  Club)  ;  and,  in  1889,  in 
association  with  Miss  Catherine  Weed  Barnes,  he 
started  ' '  The  American  Amateur  Photographer, ' ' 
of  which  for  many  years  he  was  the  editor.  The 
venture  was  a  success,  and  after  absorbing  sev- 
eral less  known  publications  it  appeared  under 
its  present  title  of  "Amateur  Photography."  He 
was  interested  in  the  American  Lantern  Slide  In- 
terchange, of  which  he  was  manager  and  one  of 
the  organizers,  and  in  which  he  offered  several 
prizes  for  competition.  Through  the  Interchange 
various  camera  clubs  throughout  the  country  sent 
selected  slides  to  him,  and  a  committee  met  regu- 
larly in  New  York  for  the  purpose  of,  selecting 
100  of  the  best  slides,  which  were  distributed  to 
the  various  camera  clubs  for  exhibition.  He  was 
also  active  in  promoting  the  Postal  Progress 
League,  of  which  he  was  president.  From  1902 
he  was  editor-in-chief  of  the  ' '  Encyclopedia 
Americana. ' '  With  his  death  there  passed  an- 
other member  of  a  family  which  was  early  identi- 
fied with  the  beginnings  of  modern  journalism, 
and  later  and  more  particularly  that  phase  of  it 
which  comes  under  the  category  of  the  scientific 
and  technical.  He  was  possessed  of  sterling  quali- 
ties that  won  for  him  the  respect  and  affection  of 
all  who  came  within  the  sphere  of  his  influence, 
and  especially  of  all  those  in  the  offices  of  his 
newspapers.  He  was  kindly,  sympathetic  and  ap- 
proachable, and  his  talents,  like  those  of  his 
grandfather  and  father,  were  highly  diversified. 
He  maintained  the  high  standard  of  the  "Scien- 
tific American ' '  and  he  made  it  so  much  of  a 
necessity  to  scientific  men,  particularly  to  invent- 
ors, that  it  remained,  as  it  was  half  a  century 


328 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


before,  the  standard  technical  newspaper  of 
America.  In  its  present  form  it  is  his  monument. 
He  was  married  at  Stratford,  Conn.,  June  16, 
1875,  to  Margaret  A.,  daughter  of  Charles  Gil- 
bert, of  Stratford;  their  living  children  are: 
Stanley  Y.,  aviator,  and  Ethel  H.,  wife  of  James 
A.  Wales.  He  died  at  Stratford,  Conn.,  June  8, 
1918.  (Portrait  opposite  page  326.) 

WALIiIN,  Samuel,  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Easton.  Pa.,  July  31,  1856,  son  of  John  and  Sarah 
(Howgate)    Wallin,   natives   of   England    and    of 
north   of   Ireland  stock.     His  father  subsequently 
removed  to  Poughkeepsie,  where  he  had  charge  of 
a  small   carpet  factory;    later  to  Amsterdam,  N. 
Y.,  where  he  took  a  position  in  the  Sanford  Carpet 
Mills,  and  for  a  brief  period  was  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits  at  Osborn  's  Bridge,  Fulton  co.,  N. 
Y.    Samuel  Wallin  received  his  education  in  public 
schools    and   at    Amsterdam    Academy.      He   then 
entered  the  Sanford  Mills,  thoroughly  familiarized 
himself  with  the  manufacture  of  carpets  and  rugs, 
and  was  given  one  of  the  responsible  positions  in 
the  mills.     In  1886  he  and  three  other  employees 
of   the  mills,   with   capital   of   $20,000,   started   a 
small  rug  mill  at  Amsterdam  under  the  firm  name 
of  Howgate,  McCleary  &  Co.     He  did  office  work, 
aided  in  designing,  looked  after  machinery  and  the 
shipping,  and  acted  as  salesman  in  New  York  city. 
Fire    destroyed   the   mill,   which   was  rebuilt,   but 
in  spite  of  the  labors  of  the  partners  the  venture 
did  not  prove  a  success  until  years  afterward.     In 
1893  the  firm  became  McCleary,  Wallin  &  Crouse, 
and  the  plant  had  grown  to  a  collection  of  large 
buildings  covering  many  acres,  equipped  with  the 
most  modern  machinery  used  in  rug-making,  and 
employing     approximately      2,000      hands.        The 
product  of  the  firm  became  known  at  home  and 
abroad,     and     their     rugs,     which     include     ax- 
minsters,   for   which   the   largest   demand   existed, 
found  ready  sale  everywhere;  the  mills  also  made 
velvets,    tapestries   and   chenille   goods.      He    was 
also  president   of  the   Eockton   Realty   Co.;   vice- 
president    Inman    Manufacturing   Co.,   and   finan- 
cially interested   in   the   great   New   York  carpet 
house  of  W.  &  J.  Sloane.     Also  he  was  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees  Amsterdam  Savings 
Bank   and   a    director   in   the   Farmers'   National 
Bank.     Politically  he  was  a  Republican;  served  as 
alderman,  and  for  two  terms  (1901-02)  was  mayor 
of   Amsterdam.      In   1912   he  was   elected   to   the 
national  house  of   representatives,  serving  in  the 
63d  congress.     He  was  a  member  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  committee,  which  is  virtually  the  ex- 
ecutive committee   of   the   house   and   senate — the 
common  council  of   the  district,   and  served   also 
on   the  industrial  arts  and   exhibition  committee. 
His  initial  speech  in  congress  was  an  attack  on  the 
tariff  reduction  then  proposed,  and  his  remarks  on 
the  subject  of  the  dye  stuff  trade,  especially,  were 
widely   quoted.      Congressmen   and   senators   alike 
recognized  his  native  ability,  and  he  participated 
in  more  councils  than  are  usual  even  for  a  second 
or  third  term  congressman.     For  years  he  was  a 
trustee  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church; 
was  delegate  to  the  Troy  and  general  conferences 
of    his    church;    a    trustee    of    Troy    Conference 
Academy,    Poultney,   Vt. ;    was   prominent    in   the 
work  for  the  Home  for  Elderly  Women,  Amster- 
dam, and  was  chairman  of  the  first  Liberty  Loan 
Committee  for  Fulton  county.     He  was  a  director 
in  the   Amsterdam   board   of   trade,   and   member 
Union  League  Club,  New  York  city,  Mohawk  amd 
Mohawk  Country  clubs,  Schenectady,  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  and  the  Antlers'  Club,  Am- 


sterdam.    He  was   deeply  interested  in  his  honw 
city.     He  gave  good  service  on  boards  or  commit- 
tees of  various  philanthropic  and  charitable  insti- 
tutions.    He  was  married  at  Amsterdam,   N.   Y., 
July  3,  1876,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Alexandt.' 
Faulds,  of  Amsterdam,  and  left  one  adopted  sou, 
Freeman  Faulds  Wallin.     He  died  at  Amsterdam, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  1,  1917.     (Portrait  opposite  p.  327.) 
ALEXANDER,  Joseph,  Eli,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  River  Side  farm,   near   Columbia,   Tyrrell  CO., 
N.   C.,  Sept.  6,   1874,   son  of  Abner  and  Isadora 
(Spruill)    Alexander.     In  the  latter  part   of  tho 
17th  century  several  brothers  of  the  name  Alex- 
ander   fled    on    account    of    religious    persecution 
from  Scotland  to  Ireland  and  thence  to  Manhat- 
tan Island.    When,  in  1739,  the  earldom  of  Stirling 
became  dormant,  it  was  claimed  by  William  Alex- 
ander   (q.v.),   of   New   York   city,   son   of   James 
Alexander,    a    noted    colonial    lawyer    and    jurist. 
William    Alexander   served   first   as   commissioner 
and  then  as  aide-de-camp  to  Gov.  William  Shir- 
ley (q.v.),  and  in  1756  accompanied  the  latter  to 
England   where   he   was   persuaded    to    claim   the 
earldom  of  Stirling.     In  1759  an  Edinburgh  jury 
declared  him  to  be  the  nearest  heir  to  the  last  Earl 
of   Stirling,  but  the  house  of  lords  held  up   the 
claim  for  further  proof.    Returning  to  America  he 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  revolution,  became  briga- 
dier  and   later   major-general,   presided   over   the 
court  martial  of  Gen.  Charles  Lee  regarding  the 
battle  of  Monmouth  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of 
Washington  to  an  unusual  degree.     Others  of  the 
Alexanders  went  from  Manhattan  Island  to  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  and  thirty  oi 
the  families  located  in  Virginia  and  North  Caio- 
lina  at  the  same  time.     Isaac  Alexander  settled  in 
Tyrrell,  near  Columbia,  apparently  about  the  time 
it  became  a  county    (1729).     From   him  and  his 
wife  Zilpha  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Jesse  and  his  wife  Anne  Hoylt  Hoskins, 
to  their  son  Joseph  Alexander  and  his  wife  Caro- 
line Spruill,  who  were  the  grand-parents  of  Joseph 
Eli  Alexander.     The  Alexander  family  in  Tyrrell 
for  years  resided  on  what  is  known  as  the  Pinner 
place  or  Sound  Side  plantation,  on  the  south  side 
of   Albemarle   sound.     Jesse   Alexander,   like   his 
father,   wan   planter   and   man   of   affairs;    repre- 
sented Tyrrell  in  the  house  of  representatives  of 
North  Carolina  during  1803-04  and  in  the  senate 
in  1808  and  1S10;  was  colonel  <if  militia,  and  de- 
clined appointment  from  Gov.  Hawking  as  briga- 
dier-general  13th  brigade  North  Carolina  militia. 
On  the  distaff  side  the  subject  was  a  great-nephew 
of  Gen.  Hezekiah  G.  Spruill,  member  North  Caro- 
lina   board    of    internal    improvements;    as    state 
senator  he  advocated  a  system  of  common  public 
schools  using  funds  of  the  state  lauds,  and  intro- 
duced one  of  the  first  bills  for  this  purpose.     The 
maternal    grandfather    of    the    subject    was    Eli 
Spraill,  member  of  the  North  Carolina  secession 
convention  of   1861.     Abner  Alexander,  father  of 
the  subject,  served  through  the  war  between  the 
states  as  a  lieutenaHt  in  Co.  H,  61st  North  Caro- 
lina regiment,   which  was   a   unit   in   Hoke  's   Di- 
vision,  Longstreet's  corps,   and  was   wounded  at 
Cold   Harbor;    he   was  graduated   in  medicine  at 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
and  became  the  leading  practitioner  in  Tyrrell  and 
adjoining  territory.     He  served  three  terms  in  the 
state  legislature  and  was  chairman  of  the  house 
committee   on  health.     Dr.   Alexander  was  called 
one  of  Tyrrell 's  greatest  men,  and  his  funeral  was 
the  largest  Columbia  ever  knew.    Joseph  Eli  Alex 
ander   received    his  preliminary   education   at   Co- 
lumbia   Preparatory    School    and    at    Williamston 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


329 


(Jf.  C.)  Academy,  in  Martin  couaty,  where  he 
came  under  t'he  preceptorship  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sylvester 
Hassell,  one  of  the  great  educators  of  the  state. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1895  with  the  degree  of  Ph.B.  He 
studied  law  privately;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
North  Carolina  in  1896,  and  in  that  year  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Winston-Salem,  N.  C., 
forming  a  partnership  with  Alfred  E.  Holton,  un- 
der the  firm  style  of  Holton  &  Alexander.  For 
fourteen  months  (1897-98)  he  was  secretary  to 
Gov.  D.  L.  Russell,  of  North  Carolina,  after  which 
he  resumed  practice  with  Mr.  Holton,  the  relation 
continuing  until  the  year  1904,  having  an  extensive 
practice  in  state  and  Federal  courts  and  before 
the  departments  in  Washington.  During  1913-15 
he  was  of  the  firm  of  Alexander,  Parrish  &  Kb'rner, 
with  Fred  M.  Parrish  and  Gilmer  Korner,  Jr.  As 
attorney  he  effected  the.  consolidation  of  the  then 
separate  post-offices  of  Winston  and  Salem,  in 
1898,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  the 
board  of  trade  on  consolidation  of  the  two  munici- 
palities; as  such  he  prepared  the  bill  and  plan  for 
the  consolidation.  He  has  been  town  attorney  for 
Salem,  city  attorney  for  Winston,  and  county  at- 
torney for  Forsyth  county.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Academy  of  Political  Science,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, New  York ;  American  Bar  Association, 
North  Carolina  State  Bar  Association,  Forsyth 
County  Bar  Association,  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and 
Masonic  fraternities,  Past  Exalted  Ruler  Winston 
Lodge,  No.  449,  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order 
of  Elks,  Junior  Order  United  American  Mechanics, 
and  Twin-City  Club,  Winston-Salem.  As  secretary 
to  the  governor  he  was  also  military  secretary, 
with  rank  of  major,  and  in  1898  became  aide-de- 
camp to  the  governor,  with  rank  of  colonel.  He 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  fishing,  hunting  and 
horse-back  riding.  He  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  his  political  affiliation  is 
with  the  Republican  partv.  He  was  married  (1) 
at  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  Feb.  15,  1905,  to  Edith  Kin- 
caid,  daughter  of  Henry  Chase  Butler,  then  Supt. 
Caraleigh  Mills,  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  now  of  Greens- 
boro, N.  C.  She  was  a  graduate  of  Peace  Insti- 
tute, Raleigh,  and  Emerson  School  of  Oratory, 
Boston;  she  died  in  1910.  He  was  married  (2)  at 
Winston-Salem,  N.  C.,  Aug.  26,  1916,  to  Lilla, 
daughter  of  Maj.  John  Graham  Young,  a  Deputy 
Collector  Internal  Revenue,  of  Winston-Salem,  and 
a  grand-niece  of  William  Alexander  Graham  (q.v.), 
secretary  of  the  navy.  He  has  two  children: 
Joseph  E.  Alexander,  Jr.  (1905),  by  his  first  wife; 
and  Frances  Wingfield  Alexander  (1917),  by  his 
second  wife.  The  present  Mrs.  Alexander  is  on 
her  mother's  (Lucy  Wingfield)  side  descended 
from  Sir  Edward  Wingfield,  first  Colonial  Governor 
of  Virginia  and  on  her  father  's  side  is  descended 
from  the  same  general  line  of  Gen.  Jos.  Graham 
and  Ephraim  Brevard.  She  was  a  student  at  the 
State  College  for  Women  (Greensboro,  N.  C.)  and 
is  a  graduate  of  Salem  College. 

SCHAFER,  Samuel  M.,  banker,  was  born 
in  Irving  Place,  New  York  city,  Sept.  12,  1840, 
son  of  Maier  and  Mina  (Elsaser)  Schafer,  both 
natives  of  Germany.  In  1849  Maier  Schafer  sailed 
from  New  Orleans  to  California  by  the  way  of 
Cape  Horn,  four  months  being  required  for  the 
voyage.  In  California  he  received  fabulous  prices 
for  the  goods  he  had  brought  with  him,  obtaining 
$100  for  a  woolen  blanket  that  had  cost  ten  dol- 
lars; while  eggs  were  sold  for  one  dollar  each. 
In  September  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Sehafer  re- 
turned to  New  Orleans  with  $20,000  in  gold  dust, 
and  in  August,  1850,  after  purchasing  goods  in 


New  York,  journeyed  from  Mobile  by  steamer  to 
Colon,  crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  pro- 
ceeded thence  to  California.  After  another  trip 
to  New  Orleans,  returning  to  California  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  he,  with  his  partners,  erected 
at  considerable  expense,  on  a  lot  previously  pur- 
chased on  Washington  Square,  San  Francisco,  a 
frame  store,  which  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire 
of  Dec.  13,  1849.  As  at  that  time  all  houses  in 
San  Francisco  were  wooden  structures,  they  could 
not  be  insured,  hence  everything  was  lost  in  the 
fire;  but  the  partners  were  not  discouraged,  and  in 
place  of  the  wooden  house  erected  an  iron  struc- 
ture, which  at  that  time  could  be  purchased  and 
set  up  quickly.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  in 
1850.  Samuel  M.  Schafer  was  educated  in  private 
schools  and  academies  of  New  York  city,  and  began 
his  career  as  a  banker  in  1860,  in  association  with 
his  brother,  Simon,  under  the  firm  name  of  Schafer 
Bros.  The  firm  was  admitted  to  the  New  York 
Stock  Exchange  in  1869,  when  Mr.  Schafer  was 
twenty-nine  years  old.  His  brother  died  in  1902, 
and  thereafter  he  continued  business  with  his  sons 
under  the  same  firm  name.  Mr.  Schafer  was  one 
of  the  original  members  of  the  "Coal  Holers," 
so  called  because  they  traded  many  years  ago  in  a 
basement  at  23  William  street.  He  was  one  of 
the  oldest  members  of  the  Stock  Exchange  and  in 
the  years  immediately  following  the  civil  war  be- 
came prominent  as  a  gold  broker,  being  one  of 
the  original  members  as  well  as  the  oldest  of  the 
"Gold  Room  Group."  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  vice-president  and  a  director  of  the  Con- 
tinental Bank.  He  was  made  receiver  of  the 
Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad,  which  appointment 
caused  the  bonds  to  jump  twenty  points  at 
once.  He  served  as  treasurer  of  various  religious 
and  charitable  institutions  with  which  he  was  iden- 
tified, being  treasurer  and  trustee  of  Temple 
Emanu-El,  and  for  sixteen  years  trustee  and  treas- 
urer of  Mt.  Sinai  Hospital.  Politics  attracted 
him  in  Pres.  Garfield  's  time,  when  he  was  one  of 
Garfield's  electors.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Geographical  Society;  member  of  the 
Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art;  American  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History;  Deutscher  Verein;  and 
Liederkranz  and  Harmonie  clubs.  Mr.  Schafer 
was  the  soul  of  honor  and  the  embodiment  of  in- 
tegrity, kind  and  gentle  in  manner,  just  and  char- 
itable in  judgment,  modest,  simple,  and  free  from 
guile,  a  man  who  fashioned  his  life  according  to 
the  highest  principles  of  the  faith  which  he  pro- 
fessed. His  disposition  was  sunny  and  cheerful,  and 
his  heart  full  of  sympathy  for  human  kind. 
He  was  married  Nov.  20,  1866,  to  Sophia,  daugh- 
ter of  Michael  Schwab,  of  New  York  city ;  the 
living  children  of  this  union  are:  Mamie,  who 
married  David  Mann,  of  New  York  city;  Leonard; 
Edward;  Grace,  who  married  Max  L.  Kaufman, 
of  New  York  city;  Algernon  S.;  Minnie,  who  mar- 
ried Charles  S.  Guggenheimer,  of  New  York  city, 
and  Florence,  who  married  Alfred  M.  Wolff,  also 
of  New  York  city.  Mr.  Schafer  died  at  his  home 
in  New  York  city,  52  West  46th  street,  where  he 
had  lived  for  more  than  fifty  years,  Jan.  10,  1918. 
PERKINS,  Edmund  Taylor,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  at  Scottsville,  Vt,  Sept.  8,  1864,  son  of 
Edmund  Taylor  and  Mary  Sydnor  (Addison)  Per- 
kins, and  a  descendant  of  Nicholas  Perkins,  who 
lived  at  Tuckahoe  Creek,  Henrico  co.,  Ya.,  early 
in  the  seventeenth  century.  Among  his  ancestors 
were  those  who  fought  in  the  revolutionary  war 
and  were  otherwise  prominent  in  the  struggle  for 
independence.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is  des- 
cended from  Col.  John  Addison,  who  came  from 


330 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Litchfield,  Eng.,  in  1667,  and  built  his  home  on 
the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  opposite  Mount  Vernon. 
Rev.  Edmund  Taylor  Perkins,  D.D.,  (q.v.),  father 
.if  our  subject,  was  a  prominent  clergyman  of  the 
"'piscopal  Church.  The  son  received  his  prepara- 
tory education  at  the  Episcopal  High  School, 
Alexandria,  Va.,  and  was  graduated  at  Union  Col- 
lege, Sehenectady,  N.  Y.,  with  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
,nnd  C.  E.  in  1SS5,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  the  same  institution  three  years  later.  During 
1885-1902  he  served  with  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey  in  topography,  trianguLition  and  precise 
leveling;  he  was  identified  with  the  U.S.  reclama- 
tion service,  in  charge  of  stream  gauging  and  the 
determination  of  run-off  factors;  he  was  also  ia 
charge  of  the  investigation  of  the  Colorado  river, 
including  preliminary  surveys  and  the  plans  of 
the  Yuma  project,  Yuma,  Ariz.;  for  several  years 
he  was  general  inspector  of  all  projects.  There- 
after, until  1909,  he  was  in  charge  of  the  Chicago 
transportation  and  contracting  office.  Since  1909 
until  the  present  time  he  has  been  at  the  head 
of  the  Edmund  T.  Perkins  Engineering  Co.,  as 
consulting  and  supervising  engineer,  Chicago,  111. 
He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Everglades  En- 
gineering Commission  of  the  state  of  Florida,  to 
report  to  the  state  upon  the  possibility  and  feasi- 
bility of  reclaiming  the  Everglades;  the  plan,  con- 
templating an  expenditure  of  $30,000,000,  was 
adopted  by  the  state  administration,  by  whom  the 
first  unit,  from  Lake  Okeechobee  to  St.  Luci  Inlet, 
ia  now  being  constructed.  Mr.  Perkins  .was  in 
charge  of  the  Marion  County  Drainage  district, 
Mo.,  holding  the  Missouri  record  for  the  shortest 
time  employed  in  organizing,  surveying,  planning 
and  constructing  the  district.  He  has  served  as 
chief  engineer  of  the  South  Quincy  drainage  and 
levee  district,  Adams  co.,  111.;  Green  Bay  levee 
and  drainage  district,  Lee  co.,  Ia.;  Lima  Lake 
drainage  district,  Adams  co.,  111.;  Savanna  and 
York  drainage  district.  Carroll  CO.,  111.;  Gregory 
drainage  district,  Lewis  and  Clark  cos.,  111.;  West 
Alton  drainage  district,  St.  Charles  eo.,  Mo.;  Stef- 
fenville  drainage  district,  Knox  and  other  counties, 
Mo.,  and  other  districts  totaling  about  75,000  acres 
of  wet  and  overflowed  lands.  lie  was  president 
of  the  Chicago  Irrigation  Association,  and  is  now 
(1920)  president  of  the  National  Drainage  Con- 
press  and  the  American  Association  of  Engineers; 
president  of  the  American  Reclamation  Federa- 
tion; member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers;  American  Association  of  Engineers; 
Western  Society  of  Engineers;  Illinois  Society  of 
Engineers;  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce;  the 
University,  Iroquois  and  Engineers  clubs  of  Chi- 
cago ;  Glen  View  and  Golf  clubs,  111. ;  Engineers 
Club  of  N.  Y.,  and  the  Chevy  Chase  Club,  Md. 
Mr.  Perkins  is  characterized  by  directness  and 
quick  decisions.  He  is  the  author  of  various  maga- 
zine articles  and  lectures  on  the  work  of  the 
government  along  geological  and  irrigation  lines. 
His  favorite  diversions  are  golf  and  baseball.  He 
was  married  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  June  3,  1903, 
to  Jean  Waters  of  Plumas  county,  Cal. ;  Mrs.  Per- 
kins died  in  February,  1917.  There  were  no  chil- 
dren. He  was  married  (2)  Aug.  17,  1918,  to 
Louise  Samson-Scribner,  daughter  of  Prof.  F. 
Samson-Sc ribner  of  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

NEWBOLD,  William  Henry,  banker,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  31,  1S49,  son  of  Wil- 
liam Henry  and  Calebina  (Emlen)  Newbold,  and 
member  of  a  distinguished  Philadelphia  family. 
His  father  was  a  banker.  William  Henry  New- 
bold  received  his  education  at  Dr.  Coil's  school, 


and  began  his  business  career  in  his  native  city  as 
a  banker.  He  was  a  partner  of  the  banking  house 
of  W.  H.  Newbold's  Son  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia. 
From  time  to  time  he  was  interested  in  various 
other  financial,  commercial  and  industrial  enter- 
prises. He  was  a  member  of  the  Rittenhouse 
Country,  Art,  and  Racquet  clubs,  Philadelphia. 
His  political  alliliatiou  was  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  St.  Marks 
Episcopal  church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  music.  The  honesty,  uprightness  and  integrity 
of  William  Henry  Newbold  were  unimpeachable. 
His  name  was  a  synonym  for  all  that  is  genuine, 
and  the  confidence  that  people  had  in  him  was  an 
estimate  that  never  changed.  He  was  married  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  15,  1873,  to  Roberta,  daugh- 
ter of  Robert  E.  Gray,  of  Philadelphia;  she  sur- 
vives him,  with  three  children:  Trenchard  Emlen, 
president  and  treasurer  of  Bradlee  &  Co.,  Phila- 
delphia; Katharine  N.,  who  married  Robert  Ken- 
nedy Wurts,  Philadelphia,  and  Ethel,  who  mar- 
ried' Edmund  H.  McCullough,  Philadelphia.  Wil- 
liam Henry  Newbold  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May 
25,  1917. 

SPALCKHAVER,  William,  inventor,  was 
born  at  Itzehoe,  Holstein,  Denmark,  (later  Ger- 
many), Apr.  18,  1837,  son  of  Julius  and  Augusta 
(.  Mohrhagen)  Spalckhaver.  His  father  was  a  drug- 
gist. William  Spalckhaver  received  his  prelimin- 
ary education  at  Uetersen,  Holstein,  studied  at  the 
Polytechnic  School  in  Hanover,  Germany,  and  com- 
pleted his  studies  in  France  and  England.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1860  and  was  em- 
ployed as  engineer  at  Hastings-on-Hudson.  He 
enlisted  in.  Co.  H,  12th  New  York  state  militia,  on 
Apr.  19,  1>61,  was  mustered  out  at  the  end  of 
three  months  and  re-enlisted  in  October,  1861,  in 
Co.  K,  54th  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry.  On 
Nov.  1,  1861,  he  was  commissioned  second  lieuten- 
ant. He  served  until  Feb.  17,  1862,  when  he  re- 
signed and  settled  in  New  York  city.  In  1863  he 
became  connected  with  the  R.  Hoe  &  Co.,  printing 
p>ress  manufacturing  concern  in  New  York  city. 
He  worked  his  way  to  the  post  of  chief  engineer 
of  the  concern,  holding  that  position  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  noted  inventor  of  printing  press 
appliances  and  developed  many  of  the  great  fea- 
tures of  the  massive  Hoe  presses.  During  the  fifty- 
six  years  of  his  connection  with  the  Hoe  com- 
pany Mr.  Spalckhaver  took  out  over  sixty  patents 
for  printing  press  devices.  Every  one  of  these  in- 
ventions is  important  in  the  development  of  the 
modern  printing  press.  Among  the  more  import- 
ant are:  sextuple  press,  pat.  Aug.  27,  1895;  oc- 
tuple or  multi-color  press,  Sept.  1,  1896 ;  duplex 
wet  (sextuple  style)  and  duplex  wet  (color  style) 
June  20,  1899;  a  press  with  eleven  pairs  of 
cylinders,  Dec.  25,  1900;  multi-color  perfecting 
press,  Dec.  3,  1901.  Among  his  numerous  other 
inventions  is  a  routing  machine,  late  news  device, 
a  device  for  sheet  piling  and  counting,  etc.  Mr. 
Spalckhaver  was  a  man  highly  esteemed  by  his 
associates.  In  the  history  of  the  development  of 
modern  printing  his  name  will  be  accorded  a  high 
place.  He  extended  to  every  one  an  unfailing 
courtesy.  He  was  a  member  of  numerous  clubs 
and  associations  as  well  as  of  the  Loyal  Legion, 
and  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  G.  A.  R.  He  was  mar- 
ried Mar.  8,  1S62,  in  New  York  city,  to  Anna 
Brunssen,  daughter  of  Gerd.  Brunssen,  a  hat  and 
cap  manufacturer  of  Hamburg,  Germany.  Their 
children  were:  John  Spalckhaver,  a  merchant; 
Marie,  who  married  Alfred  Hoffbauer,  chief  en- 
gineer Havermeyer  Sugar  Refinery;  George,  a 
merchant;  William,  Jr.,  a  merchant;  Anna,  who 


EDMUND  T.  PERKINS 
CIVIL  ENGINEER 


WILLIAM  H.  NEWBOLD 
BANKER 


WILLIAM  SPALCKHAVER 
INVENTOR 


WILLIAM  G.  MOORE 
CLERGYMAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


331 


married  Otto  Wilhelms,  an  artist;  Ida,  who  mar- 
ried George  Orndt.  William  Spalckhaver  died  in 
Brooklyn,  Mar.  29,  1919. 

MOORE,  William  Graham,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Douglas  county,  Mo.,  July  25,  1868,  son 
of  William  and  Ruth  Ann  (Graham)  Moore.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  John 
Moore,  who  came  with  Benjamin  Bordeu  from 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  about  1740,  and  with  his 
mother,  ten  brothers  and  a  sister  settled  in  what 
was  then  Orange  county,  Va.  From  him  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  William  and 
his  wife  Mary  Davis,  to  their  son  Nathaniel  Davis 
Moore  and  his  wife  Margaret  Dyche,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  William  Graham  Moore. 
John  Moore  (I),  according  to  tradition,  belonged 
to  the  Virginia  militia ;  was  with  Washington 
when  Braddock  was  killed,  and  with  Washington 
and  Forbes  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Duquesne. 
William  Moore  (II)  was  a  native  of  Berkeley 
county,  Va.  (now  W.  Va.),  served  in  the  war  of 
the  revolution,  and,  having  settled  in  Tennessee, 
fought  against  the  Cherokee  and  <  'hickamauga 
Indians,  being  engaged  in  the  battle  of  King's 
Mountain.  Nathaniel  Moore  Davis  (III),  a  na- 
tive of  Greene  county,  Tenn.,  served  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  became  a  pioneer  farmer  in  Douglas 
county,  Mo.  William  Moore,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject and  a  Missouri  farmer,  served  during  the 
civil  war  as  private  in  Co.  H,  Sth'  regiment  Mis- 
souri state  militia  cavalry;  he  is  now  a  resident 
of  Springfield,  Mo.  William  Graham  Moore  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  in  public  schools 
and  at.  Pleasant  Hope  (Mo.)  Institute,  subse- 
quently attending  Morrisville  (Mo.)  College. 
Richmond  (O.)  College  gave  him  the  degree  D.D. 
in  1904.  In  1S92  he  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church  by  the  pres- 
bvterv  or  Springfield,  Mo.,  and  was  ordained  by 
that  body  in  1^95.  In  1896  he  placed  himself 
under  the  care  of  the  presbytery  of  Ozark,  synod 
of  Missouri,  Presbyterian  church  in  the  United 
States,  and  was  assigned  to  a  course  of  study 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Rev.  E.  E.  Stringfield, 
Springfield,  Mo.,  and  assumed  charge  of  Mount 
Zion  Church,  Cave  Springs,  Greene  co.,  as  stated 
supply.  He  was  enrolled  as  minister  in  1897  and 
accepted  a  call  from  the  Coiiway  (Mo.)  Church, 
and  in  1S99  went  to  Greenfield,  Mo.,  as  pastor. 
He  became  pastor  at  Malvern,  la.,  in  1902,  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  during  1904-10  filled 
the  pulpit  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Le 
Mars,  la.  In  1911  he  was  pastor  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Clinton,  Mo.,  and  during  the  en- 
suing five  years  was  pastor  of  Mt.  Tabor  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Portland,  Ore.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  1917  he  was  installed  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Stockton,  Cal.,  continuing  in 
that  relation  until  his  death.  He  was  a  church 
builder,  having  more  than  doubled  the  member- 
ship of  eveiv  church  in  which  he  labored,  save  at 
Malvern  and  Clinton.  He  had  been  moderator  of 
the  presbytery  of  Ozark,  synod  of  Missouri,  and 
commissioner  to  the  general  assembly,  New  York, 
1902;  chairman  home  mission  committee,  pres- 
bytery of  Sioux  City,  and  member  home  mission 
board  synod  of  Iowa  during  1908-10,  also  mode- 
rator of  the  presbytery  of  Sioux  City  and  com- 
missioner to  the  Denver  general  assembly  of  1909. 
He  was  a  man  of  energy  and  intellect,  and  an 
orator  of  great  ability;  a  man  of  personal  mag- 
netism, capable  of  attracting  strong  and  lasting 
friendships,  being  both  preacher  and  pastor — a 
rare  combination.  His  dominating  characteristic 
was  a  love  for  personal  service  to  others  He  be- 


lieved in  the  Gospel  of  Christ  and  preached  what 
he  believed  with  fervor  and  enthusiasm.  He  was 
married  at  Springfield,  Mo.,  May  26,  1896,  to  Es- 
telle  May,  daughter  of  William  Wallace  Hadcock, 
a  cabinet-maker  of  Springfield;  she  survives  him, 
with  three  children:  Gladys  Estelle  (1*99),  Will- 
iam Wallace  (1907),  and  Walter  Graham  Moore 
(1913).  He  died  at  Stockton,  Cal.,  Mar.  4,  1917. 
(Portrait  opposite  page  330.) 

HENDERSON,  Henry  Parry,  jurist,  was 
born  at  Tully,  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
22,  1843,  son  of  Parry  and  Hulda  (Christian) 
Henderson.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Mich- 
igan, whither  his  parents  removed  when  he  was 
an  infant,  and  he  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Mason  and  Lansing,  Mich.,  and  the 
Michigan  Agricultural  College.  For  a  short 
time  he  attended  the  law  school  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan.  In  1863-64  he  was  made 
deputy  county  clerk  and  county  clerk.  Having 
meanwhile  completed  his  law  studies,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1867,  and  in  that  year  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  common  council  of 
Mason,  Mich.,  serving  two  years.  He  was  pros- 
ecuting attorney  of  Ingham  county  in  1874-76 
and  member  of  the  Mason  school  board  for 
fourteen  years.  In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and 
was  later  mayor  of  Mason.  He  had  formed  a 
partnership  with  Judge  George  M.  Huntington 
in  1868  and  was  very  successful.  In  1886  he 
was  appointed  by  Pres.  Cleveland  associate  jus- 
tice of  Utah,  being  assigned  to  what  was  then 
the  northern  branch  of  the  first  judicial  dis- 
trict. He  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
judicial  duties  at  a  time  when  the  work  of 
prosecuting  polygamists  was  being  pushed  with 
vigor  by  the  United  States  officials  and  he  con- 
ducted the  cases  that  were  brought  before  him 
with  firmness  in  accordance  with  his  interpreta- 
tion of  the  anti-polygamy  laws.  In,  the  trial  of 
a  case  he  usually  displayed  a  care,  bordering 
upon  anxiety,  to  be  just  and  impartial;  and 
attorneys  and  litigants  invariably  had  great 
confidence  in  him.  When  the  agitation  began 
which  culminated  in  the  division  of  the  voters 
of  the  territory  on  national  political  lines,  he 
supported  the  movement  enthusiastically.  As  a 
leader  in  the  organization  of  the  Democratic 
party  in  the  territory  he  was  second  to  none  in 
energy  and  influence.  In  1892  he  moved  to 
Salt  Lake  City  and  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Arthur  Brown,  later  U.  S.  senator,  which 
continued  until  1905,  when  he  became  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Henderson,  Pierce, 
Critchlow  &  Barrette,  one  of  the  strongest  and 
most  reputable  law  firms  in  the  state.  In 
1898  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Salt  Lake 
City  board  of  education,  and  after  an  interval 
of  two  years  was  elected  again,  holding  the 
office  until  his  death.  In  addition  to  his  legal 
and  political  interests,  Judge  Henderson  was 
identified  with  a  number  of  large  mining  prop- 
erties of  Utah.  He  was  a  prominent  Mason 
and  a  member  of  the  Shrine,  Knights  Templar 
and  32d  degree  Scottish  Rite;  a  member  of 
the  Utah  State  Bar  Association  and  the  Uni- 
versity, Alta  and  Commercial  clubs  of  Salt  Lake 
City.  He  was  married  at  Mason,  Mich.,  in 
1869,  to  Josephine,  daughter  of  Nelson  M.  Tur- 
ner. They  had  three  children,  all  of  whom 
died  in  infancy.  He  died  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  June  3,  1909. 

VAILE,   Joel   FredericK,   lawyer,  was  born  at 
Centerville,  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  Mar.  14,  1848,  son  of 


332 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Rawson  and  Ann  Eliza  (Pope)  Vaile,  natives  of 
.New  England.  His  father,  a  lawyer  and  journal- 
ist, removed  to  Indianapolis  in  1S52,  and  for  a 
short  period  was  connected  with  the  "Journal"  of 
that  city;  in  1857  he  settled  at  Kokomo,  Ind.  Joel 
Fred  Vaile  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  at  an  early  age  became  a 
teacher  in  Taylor  township,  village  of  Center. 
After  a  year  or  two  in  that  capacity  he  disap- 
peared, saying  nothing  of  his  plans,  and  the  first 
information  his  family  had  from  him,  he  was  at 
Oberlin  (0.)  College,  working  his  way  through. 
He  was  graduated  at  that  institution  in  1872  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  He  then  became  principal  of 
Kokomo 's  first  high  school,  and  during  1873-74 
was  acting  professor  of  mathematics  at  Berea 
(Ky.)  College.  All  the  time  he  was  teaching, 
however,  he  was  equipping  himself  for  the 
profession  of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Indiana  in  1S75,  and  in  that  year 
(1876-78)  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  36th 
judicial  circuit  of  Indiana,  and  in  1880  was  dele- 
gate to  the  national  Republican  convention,  Chi- 
cago. Yielding  to  an  ambition  to  try  his  powers 
in  a  wider  field  he  removed  to  Denver,  Col.,  in 
1882.  For  a  year  or  two  he  had  a  bitter  strug- 
gle for  recognition,  but  in  due  time  Denver  dis- 
covered that  he  had  a  legal  mind  of  the  finest 
quality  and  from  that  time  on  success  came.  His 
first  partnership  was  with  J.  A.  Bentley,  and  the 
firm  of  Bentley  &  Vaile  continued  until  1885.  In 
1887  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Edward  O. 
Wolcott  (q.v.),  who  the  next  year  was  elected  U.  S. 
senator.  In  1902  the  firm  became  Wolcott,  Vaile 
&  Waterman,  through  the  addition  of  Charles  W. 
Waterman.  He  formed  a  partnership  with  Henry 
McAllister,  as  Vaile  &  McAllister,  which  firm  Sub- 
sequently became  Vaile,  McAllister  &  Vaile,  the 
junior  partner  being  his  son,  and  which  relation 
continued  until  his  death.  He  specialized  in  rail- 
road' and  corporation  law,  and  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  was  general  counsel  for  tho 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.,  and  for  years 
leeal  representative  in  Denver  of  the  Chicago, 
Durlington  &  Quincy  Eailroad  Co.  He  had  served 
as  vice-president  and  president  of  the  American 
Bar  Association;  was  past  president  (1903-04)  of 
the  Colorado  State  Bar  Association;  was  an  asso- 
ciate member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers,  and  held  membership  also  in  the  Society 
of  Mayflower  Descendants;  the  Denver,  Univer- 
sity, and  Athletic  clubs,  Denver,  and  the  Law- 
yers', Metropolitan,  and  Railroad  clubs,  New  York 
city.  In  1914  he  relinquished  most  of  his  pro- 
fessional duties  because  of  impaired  health,  and 
sought  improvement  of  health  in  travel.  Before 
leaving  Kokomo  in  1882  he  figured  in  one  of  the 
most  tragic  incidents  of  the  town 's  history.  A 
mob  had  stormed  the  jail  and  seized  a  horse-thief 
with  the  intention  of  taking  his  life.  He  respond- 
ed to  the  hurry  call  of  thoughtful  citizens,  and  be- 
fore the  mob  made  an  appeal  that  would  have 
moved  any  but  a  blood-mad  assemblage  of  men. 
The  mob  stood  hushed  and  awed  under  the  spell 
of  his  eloquence ;  his  argument  was  not  to  save  a 
criminal  from  punishment,  but  to  save  the  com- 
munity from  its  own  murderous  passion.  However, 
before  those  who  had  been  moved  by  his  words 
realized  what  was  happening,  a  local  bully  sprung 
the  trap  which  sent  the  wretched,  friendless  man 
to  his  death.  Joel  F.  Vaile  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  an  honorable  profession  and  brought  to 
its  service  a  profound  study  and  a  well-trained 
mind.  He  was  married  (l),  Aug.  10,  1875,  to 
Charlotte  M.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Newell  White; 


Mrs.  Vaile,  who  died  in  1902,  was  a  woman  of 
excellent  literary  gifts;  she  wrote  simple,  whole- 
some stories  of  New  England  life.  He  was  mar- 
ried (2),  Jan.  4,  1913,  to  Anna  Louise,  daughter 
of  1'r.  Samuel  Wolcott,  and  sister  of  Senator  Ed- 
ward 0.  Wolcott,  his  law  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Wolcott  &  Vaile;  she  survives  him,  with  four  chil- 
dren by  the  first  union:  William,  Louis,  Gertrude 
and  Lucretia.  He  died  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Apr.  3, 
1916. 

FRANKE,  Julius,  architect,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Feb.  19,  1868.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  New  York  and  completed 
his  studies  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New 
York.  Having  determined  upon  the  profession 
i  f  architecture  he  entered  the  office  of  George  B. 
Post,  under  whose  able  direction  he  mastered  all 
the  practical  details  and  was  soon  regarded  as  a 
valuable  member  of  the  office  staff.  He  was  only 
twenty-one  years  of  age  when  he  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  construction  of  the  Pulitzer  build- 
ing, which  at  the  time  of  its  erection  was  the 
tallest  building  in  the  world.  In  1892  Mr.  Franke 
withdrew  from  Mr.  Post's  office  and  went  to  Paris 
to  the  Beaux  Arts  to  devote  several  years  to  the 
study  of  his  profession.  Returning  to  New  York 
he  became  associated  with  Robert  Maynicke  under 
the  name  of  Maynicke  &  Franke.  The  firm  has 
made  a  specialty  of  designing  and  constructing 
office  huildiugs  in  New  York  city  and  elsewhere; 
these  include  the  Fifth  Avenue  building  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  old  Fifth  Avenue  hotel,  and 
other  modern  skyscrapers  on  Madison  square  and 
Fifth  avenue,  New  York,  to  the  number  of  one 
hundred ;  also  large  special  manufacturing  build- 
ings with  shipping  facilities  such  as  those  for 
the  New  York  Dock  company.  The  firm  also 
makes  a  specialty  of  fire  prevention  and  fire 
protection  for  large  buildings.  Mr.  Franke  is  a 
member  of  the  Republican  Club,  the  New  York 
Athletic  Club,  the  Municipal  Art  Society  and  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1890,  to  Minna  A.  Fahrenholz,  daughter 
of  Henry  Fahrenholz  of  New  York,  and  they  have 
one  daughter,  Ottie  Franke. 

BROWN,  Adelbert  Erastus,  dentist,  was  horn 
in  East.  Greene  (now  Brisben),  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  May  16,  1839,  son  of  Erastus  and  Han- 
nah Christine  (Race)  Brown.  In  1843  the  family 
moved  to  Smithville,  N.  Y.,  and  there  the  son  at- 
tended the  district  school  and  afterward  Oxford 
Academy.  He  then  taught  school  in  Smithville 
for  two  years,  after  which  he  studied  dentistry  in 
the  office  of  his  brother,  John  Brown,  in  Greene, 
N.  Y.  About  1860  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111., 
where  he  entered  the  employ  of  an  old  established 
dentist,  upon  whose  death  he  succeeded  to  the  prac- 
tice. Prior  to  the  Chicago  fire  of  1871  he  practiced 
in  partnership  with  his  brother  John,  and  subse- 
quently Dr.  Garret  Newkirk  and  others  were  his 
partners.  About  1892  Dr.  J.  O.  Ely  was  associ- 
ated with  him,  and  later  his  son,  L.  Read 
Brown,  became  a  partner.  Dr.  Brown  treated 
many  people  of  prominence,  including  Gen.  Phil 
Sheridan,  Gen.  Scofield  and  the  families  of 
Marshall  Field,  Otto  Young,  William  G.  Hib- 
bard,  J.  K.  Bottsford,  T.  B.  Blackstone,  and 
others.  Dr.  Brown  was  a  charter  member  of  the 
Illinois  State  Dental  Society  and  one  of  Chi- 
cago 's  most  prominent  dentists.  Sometime  in  the 
early  sixties,  with  two  others  he  purchased  a 
farm  outside  the  city  limits,  subdivided  the  farm 
and  opened  to  settlement  the  suburb  of  Irving 
Park,  which  subsequently  became  a  part  of  Chicago. 
He  was  twice  married:  (1)  in  October,  1870, 


JOEL  F.  VAILE 

LAWYER 


JULIUS  FRANKE 
ARCHITECT 


ADELBERT  E.  BROWN 
DENTIST 


FRANK  F.  MACKAY 
ACTOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


333 


to  Orlanda  R.,  daughter  of  Albert  Gallatin 
Hobble  of  Chicago;  four  children  were  the  off- 
spring of  this  union :  Eleanor ;  M.  L.  Reatl ; 
Adell;  and  Adelbert  E.  Brown,  Jr.;  Mrs.  Brown 
died  in  1890,  and  he  was  married  (2)  in  April, 
1897,  to  Lydia  H.  (Hobbie)  Cone.  Dr.  Brown 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  May  11,  1916. 

MACKAY.  Frank  Findley,  actor  and  director, 
was  born  in  York  (Toronto)  Ont.,  July  20,  1832, 
son  of  Francie  and  Elizabeth  (Findley)  Mackay, 
both  natives  of  Scotland  who  came  to  America  in 
1818.  His  father's  cousin  was  the  celebrated 
Bailey  Mackny  in  Walter  Scott's  "Rob  Roy." 
Settling  in  New  York,  the  father  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  To  escape  the  cholera  epi- 
demic of  1832,  he  fled  with  his  wife  to  Canada  and 
during  their  temporary  stay  there,  the  son  was 
born.  After  attending  the  Normal  College  of  New 
Britain.  Conn.,  and  spending  two  years  in  an 
amateur  dramatic  association,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  engaged  in  teaching  elocution  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1854  he  transferred  his  field  of  operations 
to  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  gave  readings  there,  as  well 
as  at  Council  Bluffs,  la.  His  next  residence  was 
at  Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  taught  in  the  public 
schools  for  three  years.  Then,  one  of  his  pupils 
having  bought  an  interest  in  a  theatrical  company, 
he  was  induced  to  join,  and  after  a  season  with 
W.  H.  Crisp  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  company  of  Benedict  DeBar,  and 
played  in  St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  and  Pittsburg, 
remaining  in  the  last-named  city  until  the  fall  of 
1863,  and  then  went  to  Louisville,  Ky.  In  the 
summer  of  1865  Mrs.  John  Drew  offered  him  an 
engagement  at  her  Arch  Street  Theatre,  Phila- 
delphia, and  he  remained  there  until  1869.  In 
1872,  after  returning  from  a  season  at  the  Globe 
Theatre,  in  Boston,  Mackay  joined  the  original 
Union  Square  Theatre  Company,  then  under  the 
management  of  Shook  &  Palmer,  and  in  1S74  was 
the  original  in  America,  of  Pierre,  the  Cripple,  in 
"The  Two  Orphans."  In  1876-79  he  undertook 
the  management  of  the  Chestnut  Street  Theatre, 
Philadelphia,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Gemmel, 
Scott  and  Mackay,  and  in  this  period  he  staged 
twenty-one  plays  entirely  new  to  America  and 
many  old  ones,  the  former  including  "Our  Board- 
ing House,"  in  which  Robson  and  Crane  made  their 
reputations  as  stars.  Subsequently  he  appeared  six 
months  at  the  Baldwin  Theatre,  San  Francisco,  was 
for  two  years  the  business  partner  of  De  Wolf 
Hopper  in  the  Criterion  Comedy  Co.,  and  then  be- 
came dramatic  director  for  the  theatrical  syndi- 
cate of  Brooks  and  Dickson,  when  he  brought  from 
London  a  successful  play,  "In  the  Ranks."  Later 
he  took  the  part  of  the  Italian  count  in  "Mr. 
Barnes  of  New  York,"  and  played  with  Crane  in 
"The  Fool  and  his  Money."  His  last  active  stage 
work  was  the  opening  of  the  first  theatre  in  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y.  In  1898,  he  founded  the  National 
Conservatory  of  Dramatic  Art  in  New  York  and 
has  been  its  director  ever  since.  Here  the  actor, 
the  elocutionist,  the  teacher  and  the  orator  receive 
a  thorough  training  in  scientific  principles,  as  well 
as  an  artistic  and  a  practical  schooling  which  will 
enable  them  to  avoid  affectation,  rant,  mere 
trickery  and  ineffectual  striving  for  effect.  They 
are  also  taught  a  form  of  practice  in  voice  pose  and 
gesture  that  enables  them  to  represent  nature  ia 
her  various  moods  more  truthfully  than  by  any 
other  method  yet  known.  Mr.  Mackay  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Actors'  Order  since  1S65:  he  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Actors'  Society  of 
America  in  1889,  and  its  president  during-  1S99— 
02;  organized  the  Actors'  Church  Alliance  in 


1S98,  and  was  first  vice-president  during  1898- 
1902;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Green  Room  Club, 
the  Players,  New  York  State  Association  of  Elo- 
cutionists and  the  Actors'  Fund,  being  a  director 
and  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
latter  until  1908,  when  he  became  third  vice-presi- 
dent, with  Daniel  Frohman  as  president.  He  is 
also  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Elocutionists,  and  was  its  first  presi- 
dent, during  1892-96.  Mr.  Mackay 's  marvelous 
versatility  of  expression  has  enabled  him  to  im- 
personate every  variety  of  character  from  Richard 
III  to  Dogberry.  He  was  married,  Aug.  IS,  1863, 
at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  to  Elizabeth  Sneathen,  and  has 
three  sons:  Charles  Donald,  William  Andrew,  and 
Edward  Mackay.  (Portrait  opposite  page  332.) 
LEE,  Otho  Scott,  soldier,  lawyer  and  banker, 
was  born  at  Bel  Air,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  Dec.  6,  1S40, 
son  of  Richard  Dallam  and  Hannah  (Bryarly)  Lee. 
His  earliest  known  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  James  Lee,  who  was  in  Maryland  in  the  17th 
century.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Gover,  and  from 
them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son  James  and  his  wife  Margaret  Wilson;  their 
son  James  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Wilson;  their 
son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mary  Hall,  to  their  son 
Parker  Hall  Lee  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Dallam, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Otho  Scott  Lee. 
Parker  Hall  Lee  was  a  young  lieutenant  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution,  distinguishing  himself  at 
the  battle  of  Monmouth.  Richard  Dallam  Lee, 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  farmer.  Otho  Scott 
Lee  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  Har- 
ford county,  including  old  Bel  Air  Academy.  He 
studied  law  at  Bel  Air  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Henry  W.  Archer.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
between  the  states  he  was  an  officer  in  the  Mary- 
land militia,  and  with  his  command  was  detailed  to 
guard  the  C'adwalader  estates  on  Swan  Creek.  Sub- 
sequently he  elected  to  enlist  in  the  Confederate 
army  and  going  to  Virginia  entered  the  1st  regiment 
Virginia  cavalry.  He  was  transferred  to  service  at 
the  headquarters  of  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee  and  assigned 
to  duty  as  sergeant  of  couriers  under  Gen.  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart.  He  served  from  the  first  battle  of  Manas- 
sas  to  Appomattox,  participating  in  all  the  import- 
ant campaigns  of  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
including  that  into  Pennsylvania  in  1863.  In 
recognition  of  his  meritorious  conduct  he  was  pro- 
moted sergeant-major  and  attached  to  Johnson's 
battalion  of  Stuart 's  horse  artillery,  just  prior  to 
the  close  of  the  war.  Resuming  his  law  studies  in 
Harford  county,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Maryland 
bar  in  1866,  and  in  that  year  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Bel  Air,  continuing  there 
until  his  death.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  ex- 
aminer in  chancery,  which  post  he  held  for  thirty- 
two  years.  For  half  a  century  he  was  counsel  for 
the  Harford  school  board.  In  1S78  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  house  of  representatives. 
Aside  from  his  professional  activities  he  was  from 
time  to  time  connected  with  various  commercial, 
industrial  and  financial  undertakings.  In  1SS"  he 
was  instrumental  in  the  organization  of  the  Bel 
Air  Water  &  Light  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president 
twelve  years.  He  was  president  of  the  Permanent 
Building  Association  of  Harford  county  for  ten 
years,  and  during  1909-18  was  president  of  the 
Farmers'  &  Merchants'  National  Bank,  Bel  Air. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  vestryman  of  Christ 
Church,  Rock  Spring  (Md.)  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  and  a  trustee  of  Bel  Air  Academy.  Po- 
litically he  was  a  Democrat.  His  title  as  colonel 
came  from  service  as  a  member  of  the  military 
staff  of  Gov.  Carroll,  in  1876.  He  always  took 


334 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


keen  interest  in  the  local  militia  and  was  captain 
of  two  companies  raised  in  Harford  county;  one 
of  these,  a  cavalry  company,  helped  suppress  the 
Baltimore  riots  of  187S.  He  was  a  prominent 
Mason,  and  a  member  also  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  Maryland  State  Bar  Association,  Har- 
ford County  Bar  Association,  and  United  Con- 
federate Veterans.  He  found  much  interest  in  the 
reunions  of  his  old  comrades,  and  in  Virginia  in 
1900  had  the  proud  distinction  of  presenting  Fitz- 
hugh  Lee  to  his  old  command.  He  found  his 
chief  recreations  in  duck-shooting,  riding,  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  stock-raising  and  fruit-growing. 
He  was  jovial,  witty,  affable,  hospitable,  and  a 
public-spirited  citizen  of  high  integrity.  He  had 
a  large  part  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  agricultural, 
business,  industrial  and  financial  life  of  Harford. 
He  never  lost  interest  in  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment about  him.  He  was  married  (1)  in  Harford 
county,  Md.,  March  14,  1S67,  to  Sallie  Biays, 
daughter  of  John  Leopold  Griffith,  a  prominent 
farmer  of  Swan  Creek:  she  died  in  1898.  He  was 
married  (2)  at  Park  Hall,  Md.,  Sept.  21,  1904,  to 
Helene  A.,  daughter  of  Maj.,  John  J.  Bradshaw, 
of  the  b'th  Maryland  regiment  in  the  civil  war  and 
subsequently  a  customs  house  official;  she  survives 
him,  with  seven  children  by  the  first  union:  Helen 
Murray,  Bel  Air;  John  Leopold  Griffith,  lawyer 
and  legislator,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Hannah  Bryarly, 
widow  of  Henry  W.  Archer,  Jr. ;  Elizabeth  Dallain 
Wingfield;  Alice,  whose  husband  is  John  Scott 
Parker,  New  York;  Cassandra  Septimus,  Balti- 
more, and  Otho  Scott  Lee,  Baltimore,  and  two 
children  by  the  second  union:  Margaret  Bateman 
and  Robert  Brvarlv  Lee.  He  died  at  Bel  Air, 
Md..  Aug.  28,  1918. 

MERICA,  Charles  Oliver,  educator,  editor  and 
publisher,  was  born  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  July  3,  1864, 
son  of  William  and  Catherine  (Snyder)  Merica. 
His  father  was  a  pioneer  farmer  of  that  section. 
Charles  O.  Meriea  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  public  schools  and  at  Ft.  Wayne  (Ind.) 
College.  He  was  graduated  at  DePauw  University 
in  1891  with  the  degree  A.B. ;  received  the  degree 
A.M.  from  Iowa  Wesleyan  University  in  1892,  and 
the  degree  LL.D.  from  Lawrence  College,  Apple- 
ton,  Wis.,  in  1907.  His  life  was  devoted  to  edu- 
cational work,  chiefly  in  the  northwest,  partly  in 
university  and  partly  in  correctional  institution 
work.  During  1891-94  he  was  president  of  Da- 
kota Wesleyan  University,  Mitchell,  S.  D.  During 
the  ensuing  three  years  he  was  professor  of 
political  economy  and  sociology  in  Lawrence  Col- 
lege. In  1897  he  became  superintendent  of  the 
Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys,  at 
Waukesha,  and  continued  six  years  in  that  ca- 
pacity. During  1903-08  he  was  engaged  in  writing 
and  lecturing  on  special  educational  topics.  He 
was  then  for  four  years  president  of  the  University 
of  Wyoming.  During  1912-13  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  Minnesota  State  Training  School 
for  Boys,  at  Red  Wing.  Because  of  impaired 
health  he  then  retired  from  active  educational 
activities  and  during  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life  managed  and  edited  his  own  newspapers,  the 
"News-Sun"  and  the  "Standard-News."  both 
published  at  Kendallville,  Ind.  Probably  the 
greatest  contributions  made  by  him  to  the  cause 
of  education,  which  he  served  practically  his  whole 
life,  were  through  his  work  with  juvenile  delin- 
quents, both  at  Waukesha  and  at  Red  Wing.  It 
was  a  guiding  principle  with  him,  based  upo:i  firm 
conviction,  that  proper  and  effective  personal  dis- 
cipline must  come  from  within  the  individual  and 
not  from  without.  It  was  therefore  his  endeavor 


to  remove  from  the  boys  under  his  charge,  as  far 
as  possible,  the  numerous  irritating  constraints  of 
the  old  system  and  to  substitute  for  them  in  the 
case  of  each  boy  a  self  discipline  based  upon  a 
thorough  realization  of  its  necessity  and  advan- 
tages. In  this  endeavor  he  was  eminently  success- 
ful; the  correctional  institutions  under  him  ceased 
to  be  mere  prisons  for  these  young  boys,  and 
became  schools  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name. 
His  oft-repeated  lecture  on  ' '  The  Boy  Who  Goes 
Wrong"  is  an  exposition  of  his  progressive  and 
sympathetic  attitude  toward  the  education  of  the 
boy,  normal  or  abnormal.  Thus  the  progress  which 
his  work  brought  to  the  cause  of  education  con- 
sisted in  the  actual  replacement  of  educational 
methods  in  the  handling  of  juvenile  delinquents. 
Self  discipline  and  the  realization  for  its  necessity 
on  the  part  of  the  individual  to  replace  external 
restraint  upon  the  individual  by  the  institution 
was  the  fundamental  purpose  of  his  life  and  work. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  National  Conference  of 
Charities  and  Corrections,  National  Educational 
Association,  Association  of  American  University 
Presidents,  and  the  Masonic,  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and 
Beta  Theta  Pi  fraternities.  He  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  his  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party.  The  key- 
note of  his  character  was  broad  social  conscious- 
ness and  intelligent  sympathy  and  understanding 
of  other  people.  He  was  married  at  Warsaw,  Ind., 
May  23,  1888,  to  Alice,  daughter  of  Stephen  Blake 
White,  of  Warsaw;  she  survives  him,  with  two 
children:  Paul  Dyer,  a  metallurgist,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  and  Arnold  Alden  Merica,  an  architect. 
Charles  Oliver  Merica  died  at  Kendallville,  Ind., 
July  24,  1918. 

POWERS,  George  McClellan,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Hyde  Park,  Vt.,  Dec.  19,  1861,  sou  of  Judge 
Horace  Henry  and  Caroline  E.  (Waterman)  Pow- 
ers. He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Morristown  and  at  the  University  of  Vermont, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1883.  In  the  following 
year  he  was  appointed  assistant  clerk  of  the  Ver- 
mont house  of  representatives,  and  held  the  po- 
sition until  1890 ;  but  while  holding  it  began  the 
study  of  law,  and  in  1886  was  also  made  state's 
attorney  and  served  two  years.  In  1890  he  was 
appointed  to  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  state 
senate,  a  post  that  he  retained  for  six  years,  when 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  house  of  representatives. 
After  two  years '  membership  of  the  legislature,  Mr. 
Powers  returned  to  private  practice,  which  -he  had 
continued  four  years  when  he  was  appointed 
supreme  court  reporter  and  became  xesponsible  for 
two  volumes  of  ' '  Powers '  Reports. ' '  On  the  resig- 
nation of  Judge  Wendell  P.  Stafford  from  the 
supreme  bench  in  1904,  Mr.  Powers  was  appointed 
his  successor  to  the  position  held  by  his  father 
fourteen  years  before.  On  the  creation  of  the 
superior  judges  as  chancellors  in  equity  over  the 
state  in  1906,  three  of  the  junior  members  of  the 
supreme  bench,  Judge  Powers  among  them,  were 
assigned  to  those  positions  to  take  effect  on  De- 
cember 1st  of  that  year.  He  had  served  a  little 
over  two  years  in  this  work  when,  in  January, 
1909,  he  again  became  associate  judge  of  the  su- 
preme court.  In  October,  1913,  Judge  Powers  be- 
came chief  justice  and  served  as  such  until  Feb. 
1,  1915,  when,  by  the  new  order,  he  became  an  as- 
sociate justice.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  Vermont.  Judge  Powers  was  v  married  Apr. 
19,  1893,  to  Gertrude  F.  Woodbury  of  Burlington, 
Vt. 

MARSHALL,  Eugene,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Mar.  17,  1858,  son  of  John  L.  and 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


335 


Mary  (Turner)  -Marshall,  and  descended  in  direct  portion  of  any  work  worth  while."  He  was  mar 
line  from  John  Marshall,  nephew  of  William  Mar-  ried  at  Oak  Cliff,  Dallas,  Texas,  Dec.  17,  1901  to 
shall,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  a  leader  of  the  barons  Agatha,  daughter  of  Judge  George  W.  Da'vis 
who  exacted  the  Magna  Charta  from  King  John.  Mrs.  Marshall,  who  survives  him,  is  a  member  of 
A  descendant  of  this  John  Marshall  came  to  the  Daughters  of  the  Texas  Republic,  Colonial 
America  _iu  1650  and  settled  in  Westmoreland  Dames  of  America,  and  Daughters  of  the  Ameri 
county,  Va.  From  this  root  has  grown  a  family  can  Revolution.  There  are  three  children:  Mary 
tree  that  has  had  its  branches  in  nearly  every  Camilla,  Eugenia,  and  Agatha  Marshall.  He  died 
county  of  the  Old  Dominion  and  of  Kentucky,  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Nov.  2,  1917. 
His  family  is  closely  related  to  that  of  Chief  Jus-  FROST,  Charles  Sumner,  architect,  was  born 
tice  John  Marshall  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  at  Lewiston,  Me.,  May  31,  1856,  son  of  Albert 
United  States,  and  to  many  lesser  lights  in  the  Ephraim  and  Eunice  M.  (Jones)  Frost.  The  first 
legal  firmament.  His  maternal  grandfather  was  of  the  family  in  America  was  Edmund  Frost,  who 
Judge  Fielding  Lewis  Turner,  one  of  the  first  came  from  Cambridgeshire,  England,  and  landed 
federal  judges  of  the  Orleans  territory  imme-  in  Boston,  Oct.  3,  1635,  subsequently  settling  at 
diately  succeeding  the  Louisiana  Purchase.  He  Cambridge,  Mass.;  from  him  and  his 'wife  Thoma- 
was  also  a  great-nephew  of  Judge  Edward  sine  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
Turner,  famous  as  a  jurist  and  an  eminent  citizen  their  son  James  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Foster; 
in  the  early  history  of  the  Mississippi  territory,  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Sarah  (French) 
and  the  first  to  codify  its  laws.  The  Turner  Flint;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Abigail  Kit- 
family  was  also  of  English  descent  and  Virginia  tridge;  their  son  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Mary 
colonial  stock.  His  grandmother,  Mrs.  Fielding  Patten ;.  their  son  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Ruth 
Lewis  Turner,  was  a  daughter  of  Carolina  Au-  Phelps,  and  their  son  Ephraim  and  his  wife  Re- 
gusta  Sargent,  who  was  a  daughter  of  Wiuthrop  becca  Symms,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Sargent  (q.v.),  first  governor  of  the  Mississippi  Charles  Summer  Frost.  Albert  Ephraim  Frost, 
territory.  John  L.  Marshall,  father  of  the  sub-  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  lumber  merchant  and 
ject,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Eugene  Marshall  mill  owner.  The  son  was  educated  at  the  public 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  private  and  schools  of  New  England  and  the  Lewiston  high 
public  schools.  He  was  a  student  at  Notre  Dame  school,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1876.  After 
University,  and  studied  law  in  Kentucky  and  three  years  of  practical  application  in  the  office  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  under  the  preceptorship  of  a  local  architect,  he  took  a  special  course  in  archi- 
Oscar  Turner,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  tecture  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
1882.  In  that  year  he  settled  at  Dallas,  Tex.  nology,  Boston.  Upon  completing  his  course  he 
From  his  earliest  manhood  he  received  pro-  entered  the  employ  of  Peabody  &  Stearns,  in  that 
nounced  recognition  from  the  leaders  of  the  Re-  city,  and  in  1881  removed  to  Chicago  where,  in 
publican  -party.  His  initial  work  at  Dallas  was  January,  1882,  in  association  with  Henry  Ives 
as  assistant  to  the  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  north-  Cobb  (q.v.),  he  commenced  the  practice  of  archi- 
ern  district  of  Texas.  With  the  ensuing  Demo-  tecture,  the  firm  name  being  Cobb  &  Frost.  This 
cratic  administration  he  entered  general  practice  partnership  continued  until  1889,  when  it  was  dis- 
as  a  partner  of  Judge  J.  M.  McCormack,  under  solved  by  mutual  consent,  and  Mr.  Frost  practiced 
the  firm  name  of  MeCormack  &  Marshall.  On  alone  until  1S98,  at  which  time  he  formed  a  busi- 
the  return  of  his  party  to  power,  Pres.  Harrison  ness  connection  with  Alfred  H.  Granger,  and  the 
appointed  him  attorney  for  the  northern  district  ^Tm  of  Frost  &  Granger  came  into  existence.  Mr. 
of  Texas,  an  office  he  filled  with  marked  dis-  Frost,  while  conducting  a  general  practice,  had 
tinction  until  1892,  when  he  resumed  private  prac-  the  opportunity  of  making  an  exhaustive  study  of 
tice,  and  succeeded  in  bringing  to  a  successful  railway  station  buildings,  and  has  erected  a  large 
termination  some  notable  cases.  At  the  next  Re-  number  of  fine  examples  throughout  the  central 
publican  victory  he  was  at  once  recognized  as  the  and  northwestern  states.  He  has  also  designed 
logical  appointee  for  important  office  in  his  sec-  and  built  many  of  the  best  club  houses  and  private 
tion.  In  1897  he  was  made  referee  in  bankruptcy  residences  in  and  about  the  city  of  Chicago,  as 
at  Dallas,  continuing  in  that  relation  until  his  wpH  as  many  prominent  institutional  buildings, 
death.  By  his  thorough  mastery  of  the  law  bear-  the  most  conspicuous  being  the  extensive  plant  of 
ing  upon  the  requirements  of  his  court  he  was  a  the  Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless.  Among 
rare  success  in  this  office.  He  had  the  distinction  other  important  buildings  erected  under  his  plans 
of  being  a  delegate  to  every  Republican  national  and  supervision  may  be  mentioned:  the  George 
convention  during  his  residence  in  Texas.  He  Smith  memorial  for  St.  Luke's  Hospital;  the 
was  a  personal  friend  of  William  Howard  Taft,  Memorial  Institute  for  Infectious  Diseases  and 
and  was  selected  a  member  of  the  committee  to  Contagious  Hospital,  the  Union  and  Calumet  club 
announce  to  Judge  Taft  his  renomination  to  the  houses;  the  Northern  Trust  Co.,  bank  building; 
Presidency.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railway  Co.,  gen- 
Bar  Association,  Texas  State  Bar  Association,  eral  office  building;  Terminal  Station  buildings 
Dallas  Bar  Association,  and  the  Masonic  frater-  for  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway 
nity,  in  which  he  held  the  32d  degree  and  was  also  Co.,  and  for  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway 
Eminent  Commander  of  the  Knights  Templar,  Co.,  and  many  others.  Mr.  Frost  was  elected  a 
and  a  Shriner.  He  found  his  chief  recrea-  fellow  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects, 
tion  ip  literary  studies  and  in  country  and  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Quebec  Association  of 
camp  life.  The  memoirs  of  the  loca'l  bar  Architects  and  of  the  Cliff  Dwellers,  Onwentsia 
association  declared:  "In  the  death  of  E-u-  Country  and  Union  League  clubs,  being  a  director 
gene  Marshall  the  profession  has  sustained  a  of  the  latter.  In  politics  he  is  affiliated  with  the 
distinct  loss.  His  profound  and  definite  knowl-  Republican  party,  and  he  is  an  elder  of  the  First 
edge  of  the  bankrupt  statutes  and  the  principles  Presbyterian  Church,  Lake  Forest,  111.  Mr.  Frost 
that  underlie  them  is  possessed  by  few  of  his  was  married  Jan.  7,  1885,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
fraternity  who  survive  him.  The  community  has  Marvin  Hughitt,  of  Chicago,  and  their  children 
lost  an  upright,  honorable  and  efficient  citizen  are;  Margaret,  Marvin  Hughitt,  and  Virginia 
who  could  always  be  relied  upon  to  do  a  large  Frost.  (Portrait  opposite  page  336.) 


336 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


McCOOL,  Daniel,  civil  engineer  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  London,  Ont.,  Can.,  Jan.  9,  1853, 
son  of  Daniel  and  Catherine  MeCool.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Jesuit  College,  Quebec,  and 
the  English  high  school  in  that  city.  His  early 
ambition  was  to  excel  in  civil  engineering  and  in 
this  profession  he  attained  a  marked  success.  In 
1869  he  removed  with  his  father's  family  to  Ni- 
agara Falls  and  later  to  Auburn,  N.  Y.  At  seven- 
teen he  took  a  position  as  chainman  on  a  rail- 
road between  Oswego  and  Lewiston,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
following  year  entered  the  service  of  the  New 
York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad  Co.  as 
chief  engineer  in  charge  of  construction  work  in 
western  New  York.  In  1873  he  was  placed 
in  charge  of  the  construction  of  the  four-track 
line  built  by  that  company  between  Buffalo  and 
Eochester.  Upon  attaining  his  majority  he  gained 
a  record  reached  by  few  of  his  age  when  he  was 
made  assistant  superintendent  of  construction  of 
the  New  York  Central,  western  division,  and  he 
was  connected  with  that  road  until  1880.  The 
next  year  he  went  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  as  assistant 
to  Pres.  Ledyard  or  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road Co.  In  "1882  he  became  engineer  and  super- 
intendent of  the  Detroit,  Mackinaw  &  Marquette 
Railroad  Co.  While  officiating  in  this  position 
he  had  control  of  the  car  ferry  over  the  Straits 
of  Mackinac,  and  it  was  he  who  introduced  there 
the  first  successful  ice-crushing  craft  ever  built. 
He  advocated  and  carried  out  the  idea  of  a  pro- 
peller at  the  bow  as  well  as  at  the  stern  of  the 
ferry  and  in  this  his  success  was  achieved.  While 
stationed  at  Marquette  he  extended  the  road  to 
Ishpeming  and  Negaunee,  to  tap  the  extensive 
Michigan  iron  mines.  In  1885  he  was  made  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island 
Railroad  Co.,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Joseph,  Mo., 
and  he  was  subsequently  elected  president  of  the 
St  Joseph  Terminal  Co.  He  built  the  Kansas  City 
&  Omaha  Railroad,  a  line  of  200  miles  as  a 
feeder  to  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island.  In 
1888  he  became  general  manager  of  the  Santa  Fe 
&  California  Railroad  Co.,  and  built  100  additional 
miles  of  line  for  that  company.  He  discontinued 
railroading  in  1889  and  later  took  an  extended 
trip  to  Europe.  In  1898  he  organized  the  Ne- 
waygo  Portland  Cement  Co.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
and  took  up  his  residence  in  that  city.  He  con- 
tinued his  connection  with  this  corporation  as  its 
president  until  his  death.  In  1901  he  became 
president  of  the  Edison  Electric  Light  Co.,  Grand 
Rapids.  In  Grand  Rapids  and  at  Newaygo  he  was 
intimately  identified  with  many  charitable  move- 
ments. "In  business  life  he  was  regarded  as  a 
strong  and  progressive  influence  and  he  com- 
manded a  place  of  high  esteem  among  men  of 
large  affairs.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  Mark's  (Episcopal)  Congregation.  He 
was  married  Sept.  16,  1904,  to  Kate,  daughter  of 
Mrs.  G.  Fisher,  of  Batavia;  she  survives  him. 
He  died  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Dec.  1,  1916. 

COTNER,  Samuel,  banker  and  real  estate 
dealer,  was  born  at  Logansport,  Ind.,  June  2, 
1842,  son  of  Eli  and  Nackey  Cotner.  Samuel 
Cotner  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  town  and  at  a  seminary  in  Burnettsville, 
Ind.,  where  he  prepared  himself  for  the  teacher's 
profession.  In  1866  he  moved  to  Nebraska  and 
settled  near  Springfield;  there  he  taught  a  school 
on  the  hill  where  Bellevue  College  now  stands. 
Later  he  moved  to  Papillion,  thence  to  Millard, 
and  finally  to  Omaha.  During  this  period  he  had 


been  engaged  in  various  kinds  of  business, — 
grain,  banking,  insurance  and  mercantile, — and  in 
Omaha  became  prominent  in  commercial  circles. 
His  property  was  swept  away  in  the  panic  of 
1893,  and  he  went  to  Wyoming  where  he  lived 
on  a  ranch  for  a  number  of  years.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Omaha,  which  continued  to  be  his  home 
until  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr.  J.  Z.  Briscoe,  a 
prominent  merchant  of  Lincoln,  a  member  of  the 
city  council,  and  a  brother-in-law  of  Mr.  Cotner, 
having  become  interested  in  the  establishment  of 
a  school  of  higher  learning  at  Bethany  Heights, 
the  matter  was  taken  up  and  agitated  by  other 
leading  Lincoln  men,  who  placed  it  before  the 
Nebraska  state  convention  of  the  Disciples  of 
Christ.  The  subject  received  favorable  considera- 
tion, and  a  board  was  chosea  to  carry  on  the 
work.  The  corner  stone  of  the  institution  was 
laid  in  the  autumn  of  1888,  the  services  being 
conducted  in  an  adjacent  grove ;  the  present  col- 
lege campus  was  at  that  time  a  cornfield.  The 
school  was  opened  in  what  was  known  as  ' '  the 
old  Demarest  house,"  and  at  the  beginning  of 
the  college  year,  Oct.  3,  1889,  thirty  students 
were  enrolled,  among  them  the  present  (1914) 
chancellor,  William  Oeschger.  The  classes  were 
moved  into  the  new  building  the  following  spring, 
and  D.  R.  Dungau  was  elected  president.  Through 
the  influence  of  Mr.  Briscoe,  Mr.  Cotner  became 
strongly  attached  to  the  school,  and  presented  to 
it  a  tract  of  land,  which,  when  laid  out  into  lots, 
was  worth  $52,000,  an  amount  which  at  that 
period  was  of  almost  incalculable  value  to  the 
enterprise.  Besides  the  pecuniary  aspect  of  the 
donation,  the  friendship  of  such  a  man  as  Mr. 
Cotner,  and  the  standing  which  his  benevolence 
gave  the  school  among  other  prominent  men  of 
the  state,  were  of  equal  if  not  of  greater,  value 
than  the  gift  itself.  On  April  28,  1890,  the  in- 
stitution 'became  known  as  Cotner  University.  It 
had  been  Mr.  Cotner 's  purpose  to  endow  the  -uni- 
versity with  his  entire  fortune,  but  the  loss  of  it, 
through  the  faithlessness  of  a  friend,  frustrated 
his  noble  intention.  Mr.  Cotner  was  a  modest, 
unassuming  man,  and  sought  no  personal  honor 
from  his  benefactions.  His  interest  in  the  uni- 
\ersity  which  bears  his  name  was  deep  and  abid- 
ing. The  institution  stands  as  a  memorial  to  his 
generosity  and  to  his  wise  and  far-sighted  philan- 
thropy. Mr.  Cotner  was  a  resident  of  Omaha  for 
nearly  forty-six  years.  He  was  kindly  in  his  im- 
pulses, sympathetic  in  his  nature,  and  charitable 
in  his  dealings  with  his  fellows.  Frequently  hard- 
driven  pioneer  families  found  it  possible  to  re- 
main on  their  land  because  he  furnished  them 
with  food  and  clothing,  and  waited  for  the  money 
which  had  been  advanced  to  relieve  their  neces- 
sities. He  became  a  Christian  in  early  life,  and 
constantly  illustrated  in  his  career  what  a  prac- 
tical Christian  life  should  be.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  general  manager  of  the  Bankers 
Life  Insurance  Co.  Mr.  Cotner  was  married  at 
Burnettsville,  Ind.,  Oct.  3,  1861,  to  Sarah,  daugh- 
ter of  Prisby  W.  Briscoe  of  Westville,  Ind.  Mrs. 
Cotner  at  the  time  of  her  marriage  was  a  teacher 
in  the  Burnettsville  Normal  School.  Their  chil- 
dren were:  Samuel  Cotner,  Jr.,  and  a  daughter, 
Flora  Cotner  De  Bries.  Both  the  daughter  and 
her  husband  died  a  number  of  years  ago.  Mr. 
Cotner  died  at  Logansport,  Ind.,  April  5,  1912. 

PBESCOTT,  DeWitt  Clinton,  engineer  and 
manufacturer,  was  born  at  Lockport,  111.,  Feb.  25, 
1841,  son  of  Daniel  Kimball  and  Lorenda  (Lang) 
Prescott.  Capt.  Bickford  Lang,  our  subject's  ma- 
ternal grandfather,  served  with  distinction  in  the 


CHARLES  S.  FROST 
ARCHITECT 


DANIEL  McCOOL 

CIVIL  ENGINEER 


SAMUEL  COTNER 
BANKER 


HEWITT  C.  PRESCOTT 
ENGINEER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


337 


war  of  1812.  In  1845  Daniel  Kimball  Prescott, 
father  of  our  subject,  removed  to  Chicago,  111., 
where  he  became  county  commissioner,  dying  while 
prosecuting  the  duties  of  that  office  in  1846.  Af- 
ter his  father 's  death  DeWitt  Clinton  Prescott 
accompanied  his  mother  to  New  Hampshire,  where 
he  attended  school  until  he  was  twelve  years  of 
age,  when  for  a  short  time  he  was  employed  as 
bobbin-boy  in  the  Stark  Cotton  Mills  in  Man- 
chester, after  which  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Amoskeag  Locomotive  Works,  to  acquire  the  trade 
of  a  machinist  in  the  construction  of  cotton  ma- 
chinery. Later,  he  was  employed  in  the  Manches- 
ter Locomotive  Works  for  about  two  years,  when 
the  works  closed.  He  obtained  one  term  of 
schooling  during  this  time,  and  when  the  shops 
closed  went  to  work  upon  the  farm  of  Eev.  John 
W.  Ray  who  taught  him  mathematics  during  each 
evening.  After  six  months  he  went  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  entered  the  Boston  Locomotive  Works, 
three  months  later  being  sent  by  the  company  to 
Chicago,  III.,  with  a  locomotive  for  the  Chicago, 
St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  railroad ;  he  was  then 
not  quite  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  the  matter  was 
considered  an  unusual  responsibility  for  one  so 
young.  Thereafter  he  served  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad  Co.  as  machinist, 
fireman,  engineer,  and  foreman  of  a  gang  of 
machinists  for  about  eight  years.  In  1862,  to 
acquire  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  condensing 
engine,  he  became  engineer  of  the  propeller  "On- 
tonogon, "  running  between  Chicago  and  Buffalo 
on  the  Great  Lakes,  after  which  he  went  to  Colo- 
rado Territory  and  followed  the  business  of  en- 
gineering, both  for  the  Black  Hawk  Mining  Co. 
and  the  New  York  Gunnell  Gold  &  Silver  Mining 
Co.  Two  years  thereafter  he  returned  to  Chicago 
and  was  employed  upon  the  Chicago  &  Northwest- 
ern Railroad  until  1865,  when  he  became  master 
mechanic  of  the  Peshtigo  Co.,  a  prominent  lumber- 
ing concern  at  Peshtigo,  Wis.,  which  operated  a 
railroad  in  connection  with  their  extensive  mills. 
Two  years  later,  in  partnership  with  R.  H.  Trum- 
bull  of  Waukegan,  111.,  and  Austin  Cruver  of 
Chicago,  he  founded  the  Marinette  (Wis.)  Iron 
Works,  which  grew  rapidly,  and  though  burned 
out  in  1870,  so  prospered  that  in  1883  it  employed 
a  la*ge  force  of  men.  In  1872  the  co-partner- 
ship was  dissolved,  and  the  concern  was  incorpor- 
ated as  the  Marinette  Iron  Works,  with  Mr.  Pres- 
eott  as  secretary,  but  went  down  in  the  financial 
panic  of  1803  and  ended  its  career  by  dissolution. 
In  1890  the  company  built  new  and  larger  works 
at  Duluth,  Minn.,  and  transferred  its  manufactur- 
ing business  to  that  point.  When  the  Marinette 
Iron  Works  Co.  ceased  business,  Mr.  Prescott  or- 
ganized a  new  company  called  the  D.  Clint.  Pres- 
cott Co.,  and  leased  and  operated  both  plants,  the 
one  at  Duluth  and  the  other  at  Marinette,  until 
they  were  sold  out  by  the  bondholders  of  the  old 
company.  In  1899  the  new  company  purchased  and 
enlarged  the  Iron  works  at  Menominee,  Mich. 
Besides  Mr.  Prescott,  this  company  included  his 
sons  Loren,  Edward  and  Sumner  Prescott.  In  1898 
he  moved  from  Duluth  to  Chicago  where  he  con- 
ducted the  company 's  office  in  that  city.  The  com- 
pany has  been  reiucorporated  under  the  name  of 
The  Prescott  Co.,  and  is  now  (1920)  in  successful 
operation.  Mr.  Prescott  was  the  author  of  a  vol- 
ume, "Early  Day  Railroading  From  Chicago" 
(1910),  which  is  largely  autobiographic  in  char- 
acter. He  -was  married  July  30,  1862,  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Abraham  Holgate  of  Leeds,  Eng.  The 
living  children  of  this  marriage  are:  Frederick 
Mars,  Loren  Locke,  Edward  Lang  and  Sumner 


Kimball  Prescott,  and  Lillian,  who  married  Nathan 
C.  Kingsbury  of  New  York,  and  Saide,  who  mar- 
ried Orville  Taylor,  Jr.,  of  Chicago,  111.  Mrs. 
Prescott  died  in  Chicago  in  1911  and  he  was  mar- 
ried June  26,  1912,  to  Fanny  A.  Case  of  Oak  Park, 
111.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  May  4,  1918. 

MOREHOTJS,  Philo,  Jr.,  banker  and  business 
executive,  was  born  near  Hartland,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  7, 
1812,  son  of  Philo  Morehous,  who  fought  in  the 
war  of  1812.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Hartland.  Attracted  by  the  opportuni- 
ties in  the  West,  in  1833  he  journeyed  on  horseback 
through  the  states  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana  and 
Illinois  and  settled  finally  in  Elkhart,  Ind.,  where 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  to  which  he 
later  added  a  banking  exchange.  In  1844  he  built 
the  first  brick  building  erected  in  Elkhart  and 
established  his  business  headquarters  there.  When 
the  free  banking  law  of  Indiana  was  passed  Mr. 
Morehous  at  once  opened  a  bank  of  issue,  the  Bank 
of  Elkhart.  He  conducted  its  affairs  successfully 
as  its  president  until  the  national  bank  law  became 
effective,  at  which  time  Mr.  Morehous  called  in 
the  circulation  of  the  notes  of  his  State  Bank  and 
organized  the  First  National  Bank  of  Elkhart. 
He  was  president  of  the  latter  until  his  retire- 
ment from  active  business,  and  the  bank  is  still 
one  of  the  leading  financial  institutions  of  the 
state.  Mr.  Morehous  was  a  director  in  the  Lake 
Shore,  Michigan  Southern  and  Northern  Indiana 
Railroad.  Through  his  personal  influence  the 
railroad  machine  shops  were  located  in  Elkhart. 
He  established  and  was  president  of  the  Elkhart 
Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co.  His  varied  interest  led 
him  to  invest  largely  in  railroad  securities,  which 
he  handled  with  a  discretion  that  gave  successful 
results.  With  all  his  absorbing  responsibilities,  it 
was  said  of  him  that  he  was  never  too  much  en- 
gaged to  speak  a  kind  word  or  relieve  distress. 
Many  hearts  were  cheered  by  his  beneficence,  and 
he  was  regarded  with  love  and  esteem  for  his 
many  kind  acts.  He  gave  a  willing  hand  to  assist 
others  over  difficulties.  He  was  sought  through- 
out his  life  as  counsellor  and  adviser  by  men  of  af- 
fairs as  well  as  by  those  of  lesser  experience.  Mr. 
Morehous  was  married  Dec.  25,  1836,  in  Farming- 
ton,  Mich.,  to  Catharine  Winegar  Perry  and  was 
survived  by  three  children :  Katherine,  Frances 
and  Philo  Clinton  Morehous.  From  the  time  he 
was  established  in  Elkhart,  in  the  pioneer  days, 
to  the  time  that  he  retired  from  active  business, 
Mr.  Morehous  was  the  leader  in  Elkhart,  the  first 
to  introduce  and  carry  to  success  all  of  the  im- 
portant enterprises  which  build  up  a  commercial 
center.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Chicago,  111., 
Sept.  1,  1SS1. 

BOYS.  Cyrus  Dustan,  soldier,  lawyer  and 
author,  was  born  in  Waterville,  Vt.,  Jan.  11,  1836, 
son  of  Benedict  and  Melissa  (Dunn)  Roys.  The 
name  was  originally  of  French  extraction  and  still 
exists  in  France,  a  branch  of  the  family  going  to 
England  at  an  early  period.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Barry  (Vt.)  Academy  and  at  Hillsdale  Col- 
lege, Michigan,  of  which  his  uncle,  Rev.  Ransome 
Dunn,  was  president.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
latter  in  1859  and  at  the  College  of  Law  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1861.  He  enlisted  in 
Battery  L,  1st  Mich.  Vol.,  for  the  civil  war  and 
was  later  transferred  as  senior  first  lieutenant  to 
Co.  L,  1st  Mich,  light  artillery.  He  served  with 
the  forces  of  Gen.  Buckner  in  the  mountains  of 
Kentucky,  at  McKntire's  ford  and  in  the  Morgan 
raid,  from  the  time  Morgan  crossed  the  Cumber- 
land, to  the  day  of  his  capture;  he  was  in  all  of 
the  eastern  Tennessee  campaigns,  was  in  the  his- 


338 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


torie  Georgia  campaign  and  was  present  at  the 
fall  of  Atlanta.  Ere  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Saunders  and  re- 
mained a  staff  officer  until  the  end.  Subsequently 
Mr.  Roys  removed  to  Chicago  to  devote  himself  to 
the  legal  profession.  He  was  attorney  for  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  the  United  States  Rolling 
Stock  Co.  and  the  United  States  Steel  Co.  A  suit 
against  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road Co.  was  argued  by  him  with  such  skill  and 
success  that  he  attracted  the  attention  of  the  offi- 
cials of  that  road,  and  in  1873  he  was  made  attor- 
ney for  the  company,  a  position  he  held  for  eight- 
een years.  Mr.  Roys  exemplified  the  ideal  lawyer. 
His  knowledge  of  law  was  deep,  his  advice  was  to 
be  relied  upon,  and  he  gave  careful  study  to  mat- 
ters entrusted  to  his  care.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Hillsdale  College,  vice-president  of  the  Illinois  As- 
sociation of  the  Sons  of  Vermont,  president  of  the 
Union  League  Club  of  Chicago,  member  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  of  the 
Grancl  Army  of  the  Republic.  Upon  retiring  to 
his  summer  home,  which  wag  located  in  Elkhart, 
Ind.,  he  became  president  of  the  Elkhart  Gas  Co., 
of  which  he  was  a  part  owner,  and  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Century  Club.  Eventually  he  devoted 
his  time  chiefly  to  literary  pursuits  and  to  travel. 
He  was  the  author  of  "Captain  .Tack."  a  stir- 
ring novel  of  Colonial  days,  as  well  as  of  many 
miscellaneous  writings,  lectures  and  addresses.  A 
lover  of  nature  and  life  in  the  open,  he  was  an 
enthusiastic  fisherman,  and  his  days  of  recreation 
invariably  found  him  on  lake  or  stream  with  rod 
and  reel.'  He  was  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  ves- 
tryman in  the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  a  close 
observer  of  men  and  measures  and  possessed  re- 
markable power  in  imparting  to  otners  his  great 
store  of  information  on  all  subjects.  His  dominat- 
ing personal  characteristics  were  his  clear  and 
forceful  mind,  which  was  direct,  straightforward 
and  severely  logical ;  a  remarkable  memory  and  a 
fine  sense  of  humor.  In  personal  appearance,  his 
fine,  handsome  features,  strong  and  yet  genial  in 
expression,  evidenced  how  well  his  features  and 
bearing  illustrated  his  character.  Although  a 
great  traveller,  having  visited  all  parts  of  Amer- 
ica, Europe  and  the  Oriental  countries,  Mr.  Roys 
was  noticeably  fond  of  his  home.  He  was  married 
Dec.  8,  1864',  to  Katherine,  eldest  daughter  of 
Philo  Morehous,  banker  of  Elkhart,  Ind.  He  died 
suddenly  of  heart  trouble  while  en  route  home 
from  Florida,  May  38,  1915. 

SHERIFF,  Andrew  Rothwell,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Apr.  8,  1872,  sou  of 
George  Lewis  and  Susan  Burrows  (Rothwell) 
Sheriff.  His  father  was  a  merchant.  The  son  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  Washing- 
ton and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  University,  A.B. 
in  1896,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that 
institution  one  year  later.  He  was  also  graduate! 
LL.B.  in  the  law  departments  of  Georgetown  and 
Harvard  universities,  finishing  his  four  years  of 
study  of  law  in  these  two  schools  in  1S94.  He  be- 
gan his  professional  career  in  Chicago  in  1896 
with  Alfred  E.  McCordic,  which  connection  soon 
developed  into  the  law  firm  of  McCordic  &  Sheriff. 
This  partnership  continued  until  1907,  when  the 
firm  of  Sheriff,  Dent,  Dobyns  &  Freeman  was  or- 
ganized, which  later  became  Sheriff,  Gilbert  & 
Krimbill,  of  which  firm  Mr.  Sheriff  is  the  head, 
and  which  conducts  a  general  civil  and  corporation 
practice  including  advocacy  before  all  courts  and 
commissions.  Mr.  Sheriff  served  as  vice-president 
of  the  Citizens'  Unit,  which  organized  the  1st 
regiment  of  Illinois  engineers  (later  the  108th  U. 


S.  engineers,  A.  E.  F.)  in  the  spring  of  1917  and 
continued  as  the  civilian  aid  of  the  regiment ;  he 
also  did  much  public  speaking  in  behalf  of  the 
government  during  the  European  war,  and  was  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  other  kinds  of  activities  in 
the  same  connection.  He  is  a  trustee  of  St.  Luke's 
Hospital;  was  president  (1915-16)  of  Chicago 
Alumni  Chapter,  Beta  Theta  Pi;  vestryman  and 
treasurer  of  Trinity  Episcopal  church  (1901-17)  ; 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago,  University,  City, 
Acts,  Automobile, Harvard  and  Law  ami  Legal  clubs 
of  Chicago;  Lake  Geneva  Country  Club;  Harvard 
Club  of  New  York  and  Harvard  Club  of  Boston; 
University  Club  of  Washington;  the  Beta  Theta 
Pi  college  fraternity;  the  American,  Illinois,  and 
Chicago  Bar  associations,  the  American  Society  of 
International  Law,  and  various  other  societies  for 
scientific,  economic  and  political  advancement;  and 
he  has  served  on  many  bar  associations  and  other 
committees  in  the  public  interest.  He  is  char- 
acterized by  optimism,  fortitude,  industry,  con- 
centrated hard  work  for  definite  purposes,  ami 
orderliness  in  methods  and  conditions.  He  was 
married  Oct.  17,  1900,  to  Marguerite,  daughter  of 
William  H.  Mitchell,  a  banker  of  Chicago;  they 
were  divorced  in  1915;  their  children  are:  Both- 
well,  William,  and  Kathleen  Sheriff. 

McLAIN,  Nelson  Wylie,  agriculturist  and 
educator,  was  born  in  Brown  co.,  O.,  Nov.  6,  1844, 
son  of  James  Robinson  and  Nancy  (Anderson) 
McLain.  His  grandfather,  John  McLain,  who  was 
a  millwright,  was  the  inventor  of  the  cup  and  belt 
elevator.  He  grew  up  on  his  father 's  farm  in 
Kendall  co.,  Illinois.  After  studying  for  three 
years  at  Wabash  College,  he  took  the  law  course 
at  the  University  of  Chicago,  receiving  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  in  1S65.  While  a  student  at  Chicago  he 
served  the  U.  S.  Christian  Commission  in  its  work 
among  Union  soldiers  and  in  Confederate  prisons — 
work  similar  to  that  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the 
Red  Cross  in  the  late  war.  He  practised  his 
profession  for  a  few  years  in  Illinois,  but  he  had 
a  preference  for  scientific  agriculture,  and  in  1870 
he  left  the  law  for  the  farm.  In  1882  he  became 
editor  of  the  Kansas  City  "Journal  and  Agricul- 
turist," conducting  it  for  two  years,  when  he  with- 
drew to  take  up  the  work  of  scientific  agriculture. 
He  was  experimenting  in  -bee  culture  at  Oraw- 
fordsville,  Ind.,  when  his  work  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  Charles  V.  Riley,  the  entomologist,  of  the 
U.  S.  department  of  agriculture,  and  he  was  in- 
vited to  continue  his  experiments  with  bees  for  the 
division  of  entomology  of  the  department.  He  was 
engaged  in  this  work  for  two  years,  both  at  Aurora 
and  Hinsdale,  111.  He  prepared  the  agricultural 
exhibit  for  the  Paris  exposition  in  1888,  for  which 
he  received  a  bronze  medal  and  honorable  men- 
tion. In  1889  he  was  appointed  director  of  the 
college  of  agriculture  of  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota. In  this  position  he  devised  and  installed  a 
practical  method  of  instruction  and  training  in 
scientific  and  practical  agriculture,  which  proved 
highly  successful,  and  gave  a  tremendous  impetus 
to  the  study  of  agriculture.  His  courses  of  study 
were  so  successful  that  the  annual  attendance  at 
the  college  increased  from  eighteen  students  in 
1889  to  nearly  1,500  in  1918,  the  largest  number 
of  students  of  agriculture  in  any  school  in  the 
world.  Other  state  agricultural  boards,  seeing  the 
success  in  Minnesota,  adopted  what  is  now 
known  as  the  "Minnesota  plan,"  and  this  is  es- 
sentially the  method  employed  in  every  college  of 
agriculture  in  the  United  States.  Because  of  im- 
paired health  Mr.  McLain  resigned  in  1891,  and 
became  editor  of  the  weekly  agricultural  edition 


'f  '    /  / 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


of  the  Chicago  "Journal."  During  his  journalistic 
career  in  Chicago  his  attention  was  frequently 
called  to  the  injudicious  treatment  of  boys  ar- 
rested for  petty  offenses.  He  realized  that  pris- 
ons and  reformatories  were  not  the  proper  cor- 
rectives for  juvenile  offenders,  and  conceiveil  the 
idea  of  a  combination  of  country  home  and  school, 
to  which  delinquent  boys  should  be  sent  for  edu- 
cation and  training.  Appealing  to  Judge  Richard 
S.  Tuthill  of  the  Chicago  juvenile  court,  he  was 
able  to  put  his  plan  into  execution.  Nine  hun- 
dred acres  were  purchased  at  St.  Charles,  111.,  at  a 
cost  of  $100,000;  the  tract  was  deeded  to  the 
state  of  Illinois  free  of  iiicumbrance,  and  the  state 
legislature  appropriated  $350,000  for  buildings, 
equipment  and  maintenance.  After  a  study  of  the 
best  correctional  schools  in  the  United  States,  in 
1902  he  established  the  St.  Charles  School  for 
Boys  in  Kane  county,  forty  miles  west  of  Chi- 
cago ;  designed  and  supervised  the  direction  of  the 
buildings;  devised  courses  of  study  and  training, 
and  served  as  its  superintendent  for  four  years, 
leaving  the  work  he  inaugurated  to  be  carried  on 
by  others.  Mr.  McLain  was  a  man  of  diversified 
attainments.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  ad- 
vocates of  scientific  farming,  and  was  recog- 
nized as  an  authority  on  the  honey-bee,  and  was 
the  first  person  to  be  commissioned  by  the  IT.  8. 
department  of  agriculture  for  scientific  and  prac- 
tical experiment  work  in  apiculture.  He  was 
successful  as  a  journalist  and  editor,  and  besides 
the  periodicals  mentioned  above  was  the  founder 
of  "Dairy  and  Creamery,"  and  later  editor  of 
"Wool  Markets  and  Sheep,"  two  farm  publica- 
tions. His  interest  in  education,  particularly  in 
the  field  of  agriculture,  enabled  him  to  render  im- 
portant service  to  Berea  College  in  Kentucky  and 
Maryville  College  in  Tennessee,  as  well  as  to  other 
institutions  in  lesser  degree;  while  his  memory  as 
a  philanthropist  will  be  perpetuated  by  the  insti- 
tution at  St.  Charles.  He  was  married  at  Ellen- 
vine,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  2,  1873,  to  Mary  A.,  daughter  of 
William  Hornbeck,  a  farmer;  she  survives  him. 
He  died  at  Hinsdale,  111.,  Mnr.  22,  1918. 

BRASHEARS,  James  Russell,  jurist,  was 
born  at  West  River,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  Mar. 
13,  1S58,  son  of  John  W.  and  Willie  Elizabeth 
Brashenrs.  His  first  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Benjamin  Bra  mr,  who  came  from  Prance  in 
the  17th  century,  located  first  in  Virginia,  and  in 
165S  settled  in  Maryland,  his  residence  being  "The 
Clif  ts, ' '  in  Calvert  county.  From  him  and  his 
wife  Mary,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  Robert;  his  son  Samuel;  his  soil  John; 
his  son  John;  his  son  William,  to  his  son  Robert 
Brashears,  who  was  the  grandfather  of  James  Rus- 
sell Brashears.  Benjamin  Brasseur  (sometimes 
Brasseurs  and  Brassieur)  was  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Calvert  court.  The  record  of  his  naturaliza- 
tion reads:  "  Cecilius  Calvert:  'Whereas  Benjamin 
Brasseurs  late  of  Virginia  have  sought  leave  to 
inhabit  as  a  free  denizen  to  purchase  lands  I  do 
hereby  declare  that  said  Benjamin  Brasseurs  his 
wife  and  children  to  be  full  denizens  of  this  prov- 
ince, and  that  he  be  held,  treated,  reputed  and 
esteemed  as  one  of  the  faithful  people.'  "  John 
Brashiers  (IV),  the  name  having  been  spelled  in 
various  ways  until  the  sixth  generation,  became 
the  owner  of  Brashears  Purchase,  comprising  ap- 
proximately three  hundred  acres  of  the  original 
Anne  Arundel  Manor.  John  William  Brashears, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  farmer,  was  registrar 
of  wills  in  Anne  Arundel  county.  James  Russell 
Brashears  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  an  academy  at  West  River.  At 


eighteen  he  took  charge  of  the  homestead  farm. 
Subsequently,  however,  he  became  his  father's  dep- 
uty in  the  office  of  the  register  of  wills,  and  while 
serving  there  read  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Maryland  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Annapolis,  became  deputy  register 
of  wills,  continuing  until  1887.  He  early  became 
prominent  in  the  councils  of  the  Democratic  party, 
and,  during  1889-1901,  was  on  the  party  ticket  at 
every  general  election.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Maryland  house  of  delegates  in  1890,  and  reflected 
in  1S92,  1894  and  1902,  being  temporary  speaker 
during  the  sessions  of  1894  and  1902.  In  the 
legislature  he  served  on  the  committees  on 
judiciary,  ways  and  means;  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaries, 
in  1890;  chairman  of  the  committee  on  temper- 
ance, in  1892,  and  in  1902  was  chairman  of  the 
judiciary  committee.  While  a  member  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly  he  refused  to  accept  passes  from 
the  railroads  or  an  allowance  for  postage.  In 
1895  he  was  elected  state's  attorney  of  Anne 
Arundel  county  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  he 
was  a  candidate  for  reelection  in  1S99,  going  to 
defeat  with  the  Republican  landslide  of  that  year. 
In  1907  he  was  elected  to  the  Maryland  state"  sen- 
ate, but  had  scarcely  entered  upon  his  term  when, 
in  1908,  he  was  elected  an  associate  judge  for  the 
5th  judicial  district  for  a  full  term  of  fifteen 
years,  having  been  nominated  by  the  Democrats 
and  endorsed  by  the  Republicans,  a  remarkable 
compliment,  and'  a  strong  testimonial  to  his  im- 
partiality. He  was  one  of  the  professional  and 
political  leaders  of  his  section  and  for  years  his 
political  influence  was  state-wide.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  various  bar  associations,  the  Improved 
Order  of  R<?;1  Men  and  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  gunning  and  fishing.  He  was  a  man  of 
unusual  force.  He  was  married  at  Annapolis,  Md., 
1'ec.  22,  1891,  to  Matilda  McCullough,  daughter 
of  the  late  Jas.  H.  Brown,  former  mayor  of  An- 
napolis. She  survives  him,  with  one  child:  James 
H.  B.  Brashears,  lieutenant  U.  S.  marine  corps. 
James  Russell  Brashears  died  at  Annapolis,  Md., 
Aug.  19,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  page  340.) 

MINAHAN,  Thomas  Boromea,  lawyer,  banker 
and  orator,  was  born  on  "Braddock's  Field," 
Pa.,  Nov.  IS,  1853,  son  of  Daniel  Francis  and 
Honora  Leahey  Minahan,  natives  of  Limerick 
county,  Ireland,  who  came  to  America  in  1848 
and  settled  in  western  Pennsylvania.  His  father 
was  civil  engineer  and  contractor,  author  of  sev- 
eral mathematical  works,  and  laid  out  the  first 
road  between  Latrobe,  Pa.,  and  Chicago.  The 
son  was  reared  under  the  direction  of  his  step- 
mother, a  talented  Southerner,  and  early  became 
proficient  in  classics,  history,  orations  and  poetry, 
subsequently  attending  a  parochial  school.  He' 
was  graduated  at  St.  John's  College,  Fordham, 
N.  Y.,  in  1876,  with  the  degree  A.B.,  carrying 
the  honors  of  his  class,  and  in  1902  Fordham 
University  gave  him  the  degree  LL.D.  After 
graduation  he  joined  a  brother,  a  contractor  of 
Springfield,  O.,  and  became  foreman  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  sewer  in  Chicago.  Shortly  there- 
after he  became  clerk  in  a  Milwaukee  bank  and 
read  law  at  night.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1881,  in  Ohio,  and  for  a  time  practiced  his 
profession  at  Sandusky.  In  1884  he  removed  to 
Omaha,  Neb.,  where  he  became  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Mahouey,  Minahan  &  Smythe,  which 
gained  an  enviable  reputation  in  the  Nebraska 
metropolis.  After  ten  years'  residence  there  he 


340  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

returned  to  Ohio  and  formed  a  partnership  at  more  than,  ten  thousand  dollars  to  his  credit  ho 
Columbus  with  Thomas  E.  Powell,  as  Powell  &  invested  in  cattle,  pasturing  in  the  Walla  Walla 
Minahan.  In  1903  he  went  to  New  York  city,  valley  of  Washington.  I'pou  one  occasion  he 
where  for  two  years  he  was  connected  with  the  drove  a  herd  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  from 
Morton  Trust  Co.  He  then  settled  at  Seattle,  there  to  the  new  mining  camps  in  Montana, 
Wash.,  where  he  served  successively  as  vice-presi-  realizing  over  one  hundred  dollars  each  for  them, 
dent  of  the  American  Savings  Bank  &  Trust  Co.;  He  then  entered  the  cattle  business  with  all  his 
as  2d  vice-president  Scandinavian  American  Bank,  energy  and  resources,  making  the  Sun  River 
and  as  vice-president  German  American  Bank,  as  valley  of  Montana  his  headquarters,  but  buying, 
well  as  the  consolidated  institutions  which  be-  trading  and  ranging  his  cattle  all  over  the 
came  known  as  the  German  American  Mercantile  plains,  from  Texas  to  the  Canadian  border.  He 
Bank.  Because  of  ill-health  he  retired  from  the  also  became  interested  in  banks  and  other  enter- 
latter  institution  in  1914.  A  Republican  in  poli-  prises  in  various  sections,  chiefly  in  Montana, 
tics,  he  early  gained  prominence  as  a  public  In  18S4,  however,  he  sold  out  his  entire  inter- 
speaker,  particularly  in  a  number  of  national  ests  to  R —  -  B.  Harrison,  Benjamin  Harri- 
campaigns  under  the  auspices  of  the  Republican  son  (q.  v.),  the  latter  afterward  president  of  the 
national  committee.  In  Pennsylvania  he  declined  United  States,  and  their  associates.  He  then 
a  nomination  for  congress.  He  was  nominated  settled  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  where  he  made 
for  state  senator  in  Nebraska  in  1885,  but  de-  extensive  investments  in  real  estate,  and  im- 
clined  to  become,  a  candidate.  In  1892  he  re-  mediately  assumed  a  place  in  the  larger  civic 
ceived  the  nomination  for  superior  court  judge,  affairs  of  the  city.  He  was  an  organizer  and 
but  was  defeated  by  the  A.  P.  A.  He  was  a  the  first  vice-president  of  the  National  Bank  of 
leader  in  Irish-American  circles,  and  spoke  sev-  California,  continuing  as  a  director  of  that  in- 
eral  times  from  the  same  platform  with  Parnell,  stitution  until  his  death.  In  1915  he  incor- 
the  Irish  leader.  In  1899  he  started  the  anti-  porated  his  personal  holdings  in  the  O.  H. 
treating  movement,  receiving  letters  of  approval  Churchill  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president.  He 
from  all  over  the  country  and  from  Europe,  was  a  member  of  the  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of 
Gladstone  congratulated  him  upon  the  good  work,  Commerce.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
and  Archbishop  Ireland  declared  that  he  had  Republican  party.  He  was  one  of  the  great 
"contributed  very  much  to  the  honor  of  the  characters  who  symbolized  the  pioneer  construe- 
Catholic  church."  He  was  president  of  the  Ohio  tive  spirit  of  the  West,  and  his  position  among 
Federation  of  Catholic  Societies,  and  in  1902  be-  men  was  a  commanding  one.  He  was  married  at 
came  the  first  president  of  the  American  Federa-  Lexington,  Ky.,  Apr.  20,  1882,  to  Frances  A., 
tion  of  Catholic  Societies,  which  he  was  a  power  daughter  of  Charles  B.  Porter,  a  land  agent  of 
in  organizing.  He  was  for  years  active  in  the  Colfax,  Wash..:  she  survives  him  with  three 
work  of  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  having  served  children:  Marion,  wife  of  David  H.  McCartney; 
as  head  of  the  James  Shields  general  assembly,  Gertrude,  wife  of  Francis  Pierpont  Davis,  and 
4th  degree,  of  that  order.  He  was  gentle,  genial,  Owen  I'ortor  Churchill.  He  died  in  Los  An- 
and  kind,  but  firm  and  unswerving  in  purpose,  geles.  <'al.,  Apr.  -".'  1916. 

Truth  and  honesty  he  prized  above  all.    At  a  com-  ECKHART,  Percy  Bernard,  lawyer,  was  born 

paratively  early  age  he  ranked  among  the  leaders  in   Chicago,   111.,   Jan.   20,    1877,   son   of   Bernard 

of    the    bar   in   the    communities   where    he   prac-  Albert    and    Katie    L.    (Johnston)    Eekhart,    and 

ticed.     As  an  advocate  he  was  always  formidable  grandson  of  Jacob  and  Eva   (Root)  Eekhart,  who 

because  always  prepared.     He  was  married  in  Mil-  came   from   Alsace,   France,   in    1*52   and   settled 

waukee,    Wis.,    June    23,    1887,    to    Dorothea    O.,  in  Wisconsin.     Bernard  Albert  Eekhart,  father  of 

daughter  of  John  Lipps,  an  early  pioneer  of  that  the  subject  and  a  manufacturer,  was  born  in  Al- 

city ;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children :  Cletus  saee,  and  was  graduated  at   a  Milwaukee  college 

L.,  University  of  Washington  (1917),  a  banker  of  in    18G8-      He   became    Chicago    representative    of 

Seattle;    Campbell    C.    J.,    and    Helene    Minahan.  the    Eagle    Milling    Co.,    Milwaukee,    and    subse- 

He  died  at  Seattle,  Wash.,  Aug.  10,  1917.  quently    founded    the    firm    of    Eekhart    &    Swan, 

CHURCHILL,  Owen  Humphreys,   capitalist,  "llK'h  later  became  the  E.-khart  &  Swan  Milling  Co., 

was    born    at    Mechani.-sburg,    Sangamon    county,  of  whlch  he  was  president.     He  is  now  president 

111.,    June     16,     1X41,    son     of    Willoughby     and  of  the  B.  A.  Eekhart  Milling -Co.,  and  a  director 

Elizabeth     (Humphreys)     Churchill.      His    father,  ™  th«  Continental  &  Commercial  National  Bank, 

a  native  of  Kentucky  and  a  farmer,  was  a  boy-  Continental  k  Commercial  Trust  &  Savings  Bank, 

hood    friend    of    Abraham    Lincoln;    in    1850    he  Northwestern  Trust  \-  Savings  Bank,  Hams  Trust 

removed   with    his    family    to    the   Pacific    North-  &  Savings  Bank,  Chicago  Title  &  Trust  Co.,  Erie 

west,   settling   on   the    Umpqua   river    in   western  Railroad   Co,   Chicago   &   Erie   Railroad   Co.,   etc. 

Oregon.     His  mother  died  en  route  and  was  the  He  served  IU  the  Illinois  state  senate;  was  member 

first   white   woman   to   be   buried   at   The   Dalles,  and  president  board  of  trustees  Sanitary  District 

Ore.      Owen    Humphreys    Churchill    received    his  of   Chicago;   president  board  West  Chicago   park 

education   in  the   district   schools   of   Illinois   and  commissioners;    delegate  and  chairman  committee 

at   a    school    in    Oregon.      There    his    companions  on    rules,    procedure    and    general   plans,    Chicago 

were    the    youthful   'redskins,    and    he    exhibited  charter   convention,    1905;    assisted   in   organizing 

remarkable"  aptitude    in    acquiring    the    Chinook  1st  regiment,  Illinois  national  guard,  and  was  aide 

language.      He    met    with    all    of    the    hardships  with  rank  of  colonel  on  staff  of  Gov.  Deneen.     He 

of  the  pioneer   of  that   day,  and  participated   in  was  a  director  in  the  Chicago  board  of  trade;  1st 

many    battles   with    the    Indians,    but    as    a    rule  president  Millers'  National  Federation;  president 

he    made   friends    of   the    latter.      At    sixteen    he  Illinois  Manufacturers'  Association ;  vice-president 

set    out    with    a    companion    to    hunt    for    gold,  National  Council  of  Commerce;  V.  S.  international 

discoveries  having  been  made  in  Idaho  and  Brit-  delegate   to    the    educational    conference,    Vienna, 

ish   Columbia,   especially   in   the   famous    Caribou  1910;  trustee  Lewis  Institute  of  Technology,  Chi- 

camp:     eeven    years    were    spent    in    this    quest,  cago,    and   member    Illinois   state   warehouse   and 

He    discovered    the    Boise    Basin     gold     deposit,  railroad  commission.     He  is  chairman  of  the  Illi- 

•which   afterward   yielded   several   millions.      With  nois-Wisconsin  milling  division  of  the  U.  S.  food 


- 


JAMES  R.  BRASHEARS 
JURIST 


THOMAS  B.  MINAHAN 
LAWYER 


OWEX  H.  CHURCHILL 
FINANCIER 


PERCY  B.  ECKHART 
LAWYER 


-          ' 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY.  341 

administration;  director  and  member  executive  conducted  as  E.  M.  Kirkpatrick  &  Co.,  and  in 
committee  Citizens'  War  Board  of  Chicago,  and  he  190,'i  organized  and  became  president  of  the 
was  delegate  at  large  to  the  Republican  national  Parma  State  Bank,  which  at  the  time  of  his 
convention  of  1912.  He  has  residences  on  the  Lake  death  had  a  paid  up  capital  and  surplus  of 
Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  at  Lake  Forest,  111.  $200,000.  In  1904  he  took  up  his  permanent 
Percy  Bernard  Eckhart  received  his  preliminary  residence  there.  Other  interests  followed  in  rapid 
education  at  Brown  School,  Chicago  Manual  Train-  succession,  one  absorbing  much  of  his  thought 
ing  School,  and  Chicago  Academy.  He  was  gradu-  and  effort  being  the  Rqswell  Park  Fruit  Co., 
ated  at  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1899  with  organized  in  1910.  The  Roswell  Park  fruit 
honorable  mention,  and  the  degree  Ph.B.,  and  at  tracts  today  cover  3,000  acres  along  the  River- 
Harvard  Law  School  in  1902  with  the  degree  LL.B.  side  canal  and  facing  the  Snake  river.  This 
In  the  latter  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  section  was  leveled,  watered,  planted,  parked  and 
Illinois  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  subdivided  into  five  and  ten-acre  tracts,  and  its 
in  Chicago  ns  a  partner  of  Roy  O.  West,  under  roads  improved  through  the  energy  and  because 
the  firm  name  of  West  &  Eckhart ;  changing  in  of  the  unquenchable  faith  of  the  subject  in  the 
1903  to  West,  Eckhart  k  Taylor,  by  the  addition  future  of  the  Parma-Roswell  country,  a  faith 
to  the  partnership  of  C.  R.  Taylor.  In  1910  the  that  risked  capital  in  having  underground  mains 
name  of  West  &  Eekhart  was  resumed,  and  still  and  pipes  at  a  time  when  open  ditches  were  in 
continues,  additional  partners  in  the  firm  being  universal  use.  For  the  first  two  years  of  its 
William  Rothmann  and  William  M.  Klein,  with  inception  he  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Samuel  Krause  and  W.  L.  Bourland  ns  associates.  Water  Users'  Association,  and  was  instrumental 
The  firm  is  in  general  practice,  representing  many  in  bringing  to  the  attention  of  the  government 
corporations  of  various  kinds,  and  since  1902  he  the  feasibility  of  the  Arrow  Rock  dam.  He 
has  been  Chicago  attorney  for  the  Western  Union  practically  built  up  the  town  of  Parma;  financed 
Telegraph  Co.  Since  1903  he  has  been  lecturer  on  its  first  business  houses,  its  bank,  creamery,  tele- 
public  service  corporations  and  the  law  of  dam-  phone  company,  water  supply,  electric  lighting 
ages,  University  of  Chicago  Law  School.  Aside  system,  and  through  a  building  and  loan  asso- 
from  his  professional  activities  he  is  director  in  ciatiou  he  helped  the  poor  man  build  his  home, 
the  First  National  Bank,  Wilmette,  111.,  and  the  It  was  through  his  influence  that  the  church 
Diamond  T  Motor  Car  Co.,  Chicago,  and  other  in-  at  Parma  became  self-supporting,  and  he  eon- 
dustrial  corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  tribured  generously  to  all  worthy  organizations. 
American  Bar  Association,  Illinois  State  Bar  Asso-  He  made  possible  the  building  of  Sterry  Memo- 
ciation,  Chicago  Bar  Association,  Delta  Kappa  rial  Church  at  Roswell;  was  a  trustee  and  gen- 
Epsilon  and  Phi  Delta  Phi  fraternities,  and  the  erous  supporter  of  the  College  of  Idaho,  at 
National  Arts  Club  of  New  York  city,  Union  Caldwell,  and  contributed  largely  to  the  erecj 
League,  Cliff  Dwellers,  Old  Elm  Country,  Ex-  tion  of  Sterry  Hall,  which  stands  as  a  memorial 
moor  Country,  Kenilworth,  The  Law,  and  the  Har-  to  his  father-in-law,  the  late  C.  W.  Sterry.  For- 
vard  clubs,  Chicago.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  merly  a  Congregationalist,  he  affiliated  with  the 
in  golf  and  motoring.  His  political  affiliation  is  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Parma,  and  was 
with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  is  a  communi-  president  of  the  Friendly  Men's  Bible  Class.  In 
cant  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  For  four  years  an  effort  to  recover  his  failing  health  he  traveled 
he  was  a  trustee  of  the  village  of  Kenilworth,  extensively  in  Europe  and  Egypt,  also  visiting 
where  he  has  resided  since  1906.  He  was  married  Hawaii  and  Alaska.  In  college  he  was  a  mem- 
at  Bloomington,  111.,  .lune  6,  1903,  to  Charlotte  ber  of  the  Phi  Gamma  Delta  fraternity.  His  po. 
Briggs.  daughter  of  Charles  L.  Capen,  a  lawyer  litical  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
of  Bloomington;  they  have  four  children:  Eleanor,  His  dominating  personal  «haracteristics  were  a 
Charlotte  Capen,  Marion  West,  and  Elizabeth  Eck-  profound  sincerity,  a  great  capacity  for  friend- 
hart,  ship,  and  natural  ability  as  a  leader  of  men. 
KIRKPATRICK,  Elbert  Marion,  capitalist  He  induced  no  less  than  fifty  families  in  Illinois 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Chenoa,  Me-  to  follow  him  to  Idaho  and  cast  their  fortunes 
Lean  co.,  111.,  Sept.  12,  1870,  son  of  George  with  the  Parma-Roswell  community.  He  was 
Mitchell  and  Sarah  Catherine  (Wright)  Kirk-  married,  June  26,  1895,  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of 
patrick.  His  father,  a  farmer,  served  during  the  C.  W.  Sterry,  of  Poutiac,  111.;  she  survives  him. 
civil  war  as  private  in  the  94th  111.  Vol.  Inf.  He  died  at  Monrovia,  Cal.,  Mar.  24,  1916. 
The  son  received  his  preliminary  education  in  GOTJDY,  Alexander  Kirkpatrick,  educator, 
the  public  schools,  including  Chenoa  high  school;  was  born  at  Xenia,  O.,  May  13,  1S47,  son  of  Thomas 
was  graduated  A.B.  at  Illinois  Wesleyan  Uni-  B.  and  Nancy  (fatten)  Goudy,  and  of  Scotch  an- 
versity,  Bloomington,  in  1*93,  and  for  a  year  cestry.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  Alexander  K. 
thereafter  was  a  student  in  its  college  of  law.  Goudy  was  graduated  at  Illinois  Normal  School, 
In  1894  he  became  a  partner  in  the  grain  and  Normal,  his  parents  having  removed  to  that  state, 
elevator  firm  of  W.  A.  Haynes  &  Co.,  which  He  began  his  professional  career  in  }873  as  super- 
then  took  the  style  of  Haynes  &  Kirkpatrk-k,  mteudent  of  schools  at  Pawnee  City,  Neb.,  and  in 
and  which  had  elevators  at  Chenoa,  Ballard  and  1875  was  appointed  to  a  similar  position  at  North 
Ocoya,  111.  Subsequently  the  firm  became  Kirk-  Platte,  Neb.  In  1877  he  returned  to  Pawnee  City 
patrick,  Lackland  &  Co.,  and  in  this  business  he  and  established  the  Pawnee  City  Academy,  now 
retained  an  interest,  until  1913.  In  1S9S  he  conducted  by  the  United  Presbyterian  church  as  a 
visited  Idaho,  aad,  favorably  impressed  with  the  preparatory  school.  He  remained  as  principal  of 
country  about  Parma,  he  and  his  associates  this  institution  for  six  years,  when  he  "became  pro- 
undertook  to  complete  the  Riverside  canal,  Ros-  fessor  of  mathematics  in  Nebraska  State  Normal 
well,  Ida.,  and  to  develop  some  of  the  adjacent  School,  Peru.  Again,  in  1885,  he  returned  to 
farm  land.  It  became  necessary  for  him  to  Pawnee  City,  and  was  elected  superintendent  of 
spend  much  of  his  time  in  that  state,  and  in  schools  for  Pawnee  county,  to  which  post  he  was 
1900  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Riverside  re-elected  in  1887.  In  1889  he  became  superinten- 
Irrigation  District.  Meanwhile  he  purchased  a  dent  of  schools  at  Red  Cloud,  Neb.  On  the  Ee- 
weneral  mercantile  business  at  Parma,  which  was  publican  ticket,  in  1890,  he  wa.  ^ected  state  sa- 


342 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


perintendent  of  instruction,  and  re-elected  in  1892. 
In  that  capacity  he  inaugurated  "Columbus  Day," 
Oct.  21,  but  made  of  it  actually,  library  day, 
in  the  public  schools,  a  commemoration  of  the 
landing  of  Columbus,  combined  with  the  time  when 
the  need  of  the  school  libraries  was  to  be  em- 
phasized, or,  if  already  established,  to  be  encour- 
aged and  perpetuated.  It  was  largely  through  his 
efforts  that  the  legislature  of  1891  enacted  the  free 
text-book  law,  and  the  law  became  effective  under 
his  supervision.  He  was  also  instrumental  in  cre- 
ating educational  district  associations,  where  the 
teachers  of  different  and  remote  sections  of  the 
state  could  meet  and  discuss  the  various  phases 
of  their  calling,  thus  in  a  most  practical  way 
preaching  his  special  hobby  of  the  closest  possible 
relationship  between  the  head  of  the  school  system 
and  rural  schools.  The  first  recorded  suggestion 
that  Flag  Day  be  observed  by  the  state  schools 
was  made  by  him,  in  1889.  He  had  charge  of  the 
Nebraska  educational  exhibit  at  the  World's  Co- 
lumbian Exposition,  Chicago,  1893.  Following  his 
term  of  office  he  continued  to  reside  in  Lincoln, 
until  1901,  when  he  retired  to  Peru.  He  became 
a  silver  Republican  in  1896,  and  during  the  last 
years  of  his  life  was  a  student  of  monetary  stand- 
ards. He  was  a  communicant  of  the  United  Pres- 
byterian church.  He  held  membership  in  the  Ne- 
braska State  Teachers'  Association,  National  Edu- 
cation Association,  etc.  He  found  his  chief  recre- 
ation in  reading.  He  was  one  of  the  most  ener- 
getic and  successful  educators  in  the  history  of 
his  adopted  state,  serving  with  credit  in  every  po- 
sition to  which  he  was  called.  He  was  a  strictly 
conscientious  man.  His  skill  as  an  instructor,  his 
kindly  manner  and  spirit  of  helpfulness,  his  calm 
dignity  and  personal  magnetism,  his  quiet  humor, 
won  respect  among  all  who  came  within  the  sphere 
of  his  goodly  influence.  He  was  regarded  as  a 
truly  great  teacher,  and  in  a  sense  gave  his  life  for 
the  people  of  Nebraska.  His  career  as  state  super- 
intendent was  marked  by  a  genuine  devotion  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  schools;  full  of  love  for  pupils 
and  teachers.  As  an  institute  instructor  he  had 
few  equals.  He  was  systematic  in  all  of  his  work. 
He  madt  system  the  hinge  of  business,  and  he  knew 
that  without  system  there  is  no  business.  He  was 
a  master  of  classic  English.  He  was  sparing  of 
his  words,  but  he  used  them  with  great  precision. 
He  was  married  at  Peru,  Neb.,  July  11,  18s2,  to 
Alice  Estelle,  daughter  of  Maj.  William  Daily, 
afterwards  of  Auburn,  Neb.  Mrs.  Goudy  was  dep- 
uty state  superintendent  of  schools  for  Nebraska 
under  her  husband.  She  compiled  a  book  of  sug- 
gested programs  for  the  observance  of  Arbor  Day. 
She  survives  her  husband,  who  died  at  Peru,  Neb., 
June  12,  1906. 

ROSS,  Henry  Davis,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Berryville,  Ark.,  Sept.  12,  1861,  son  of  William 
Henry  and  Emily  (Terr  Ross.  Henry  Davis 
Ross  received  his  education  at  Clark 's  Academy, 
Berryville,  Ark.,  and  at  the  University  of  Iowa, 
where  he  also  studied  law  and  received  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  in  1883.  In  1886  he  settled  in  Arizona, 
and  after  two  years'  practice  was  made  the  dis- 
trict attorney  of  Yavapai  county.  He  served  two 
years  in  this  position,  and  in  1890  became  the  dis- 
trict attorney  of  C'oconio  county.  After  a  like 
period  in  this  work  he  was  chosen  to  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  territory,  and  was  a  member 
of  that  body  for  two  years,  when,  in  1894,  he  was 
appointed  register  of  the  United  States  land  office 
at  Preseott.  His  service  in  this  position  lasted  four 
years,  when,  in  1898,  Yavapai  county  again  secured 
him  for  district  attorney,  which  post  he  held  for 


two  years.  In  Iflll  he  was  called  to  the 
supreme  bench  of  the  new  state  of  Arizona,  being 
one  of  two  associates  under  Chief  Justice  Alfred 
Franklin,  and  his  first  opinion  was  in  the  case  of 
the  Little  Butte  Consolidated  Mines  Co.  vs.  James 
B.  Giraud.  He  served  as  third  justice  until  the 
term  ending  Jan.  4,  1915,  when  he  became  chief 
justice,  a  position  he  held  for  two  years.  Chief 
Justice  Ross'  last  reported  opinion  was  in  the  case 
of  J.  A.  McMurran  vs.  W.  G.  Duncan,  filed  Feb. 
25,  1916.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science.  Justice 
Ross  was  married  Apr.  24,  1890,  to  Margaret 
Wheeler  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

CHAPIN,  Willis  Ormel,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Royalton,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  7,  I860,  son  of  George  Flagg 
and  Emeline  (Bouck)  Chapin,  and  a  descendant 
of  Samuel  Chapin,  who  came  from  England  in 
16H6  and  located  first  at  Boxbury,  Mass.,  and  in 
1641  at  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Lockport  Union  School,  and  studied  law  in  the 
offices  of  Marshall,  Clinton  &  Wilson  in  Buffalo. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881,  and  opened 
an  office  for  the  practice  of  Ms  profession  in 
Buffalo,  forming  a  partnership  in  1888  with  Shel- 
don T.  Viele.  Although  successful  as  a  lawyer, 
his  practice  was  secondary  to  his  interest  in  art 
and  music.  By  nature  as  well  as  by  culture  he 
was  an  artist  of  Esthetic  contemplation,  and 
contributed  much  to  the  advancement  of  art  in 
the  city  of  Buffalo.  He  was  recognized  as  an 
authority  on  etchings  and  engravings,  and  a  valu- 
able collection  of  200  prints,  representing  the  best 
engravers  of  "England,  France,  Italy,  Germany  and 
Holland,  which  he  presented  to  the  Albright  Art 
Gallery,  is  estimated  by  critics  to  be  almost  price- 
less. It  was  arranged  and  catalogued  by  him, 
and  is  now  known  as  the  Willis  O.  Chapin  Col- 
lection. He  was  the  author  of  "The  Masters  and 
Masterpieces  of  Engraving"  (1894)  and  "A 
History  of  the  Buffalo  Fine  Arts  Academy" 
(1899).  He  was  secretary  and  director  of  the 
Buffalo  Fine  Arts  Academy  and  vice-president  and 
president  and  director  of  the  Albright  Art 
Gallery.  He  was  also  an  enthusiastic  patron  of 
music,  being  prominently  identified  with  the 
various  Buffalo  musical  festivals.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  Society  in  1886, 
and  served  on  its  board  of  managers  from  1908 
until  his  deatli  in  1917.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  State  Bar  Association  and  the  Erie 
County  Bar  Association.  The  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Hobart  College  in 
1906.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican,  and  he 
attended  the  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 
He  was  married,  June  21,  1888,  to  Abby  G., 
daughter  of  William  B.  Flint,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
and  was  survived  by  two  children:  Janet,  wife 
of  George  C'oit,  Jr.,  and  William  Richmond 
Chapin.  He  died  in  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Apr.  7.  1917. 

CONGDON,  Chester  Adgate,  lawyer  and  cap- 
italist, was  born  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  June  12, 
1853,  son  of  Sylvester  Lorentus  and  Laura  Jane 
(Adgate)  Congdon.  His  earliest  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  James  Congdoi.,  a  Quaker, 
who  came  from  England  about  1640  and  settled 
in  Rhode  Island.  From  him  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  through  his  som  John;  his  son  John; 
his  sou  John  and  his  second  wife  Dorcas  Hunt- 
ley;  to  their  son  Hannibal  and  his  wife  Mary 
Satchwell,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our 
subject.  His  father  was  a  Methodist  clergy- 
man. The  son  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  at 
East  Genesee  Conference  Seminary,  Ovid,  N.  Y., 


THE   MATIO4A1_  CVCi-CPEQiA  DF   AMEPC 


WILLIS  ORMEL  CHAPIN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


343 


and  was  graduated  A.B.  at  Syracuse  University 
in  1875.  He  studied  law  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  Hiscock,  Gifford  &  Dolieny  at  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  was  admitted  to  the  New  York  bar  in 
1877  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Syracuse.  In  1879  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Minnesota,  anil  practiced  in  St.  Paul 
until  1892,  when  he  settled  in  Duluth,  and  con- 
tinued in  active  practice  there  until  1904.  At 
Duluth  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Billson  &  Congdon,  with  William  W.  Billson, 
which  firm  was  changed  in  1893  to  Billson,  Cong- 
don <Sc  Dickinson  by  the  acquisition  of  Judge 
Daniel  A.  Dickinson.  On  the  death  of  the  lat- 
ter in  1902  the  title  was  changed  to  the  original 
style.  Billson  k  Congdon,  and  thus  continued 
until  1904,  when  both  members  retired  from 
practice.  Meanwhile  he  became  a  dominant 
factor  in  the  commercial,  industrial  and  financial 
life  of  his  adopted  city,  and  was  one  of  the 
chief  figures  in  the  iron  and  copper  mining  in- 
dustry of  the  Superior  iron  country.  He  was  gen- 
eral counsel  of  the  Oliver  Mining  Co.  before  its 
consolidation  with  other  companies  now  forming 
the  United  States  Steel  Corporation.  He  was 
president  of  the  Chemung  Iron  Co.,  Canisteo 
Mining  Co.;  vice-president  of  the  American  Ex- 
change National  Bank,  Duluth;  and  a  director  in 
the  Calumet  and  Arizona  Mining  Co.,  Hedley 
Gold  Mining  Co.,  the  Greene-Cananea  Copper 
Co.,  Marshall-Wells  Hardware  Co.,  the  Gowan- 
Lenniug-Brown  Co.,  and  various  other  banking, 
mining  and  jobbing  enterprises  also  claimed  his 
attention.  He  was  likewise  interested  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits  as  the  owner  of  extensive  farm 
lands  in  the  Northwest.  He  was  called  to  vari- 
ous offices  of  trust  aud  responsibility;  was  as- 
sistant U.  S.  attorney  for  the  district  of  Min- 
nesota in  1881-86 ;  member  of  the  Minnesota 
house  of  representatives  in  1909-11;  from  1903 
until  his  death  was  a  member  of  the  Duluth 
charter  commission ;  and  in  1916  was  member 
from  Minnesota  of  the  Republican  national  com- 
mittee. He  was  a  member  of  the  Kitchi  Gammi, 
Northland  Country,  Commercial  and  Duluth  Boat 
Clubs  of  Duluth;  the  Minnesota  Club  of  St. 
Paul;  the  Minneapolis  Club  of  Minneapolis; 
the  University  Club  of  Chicago;  the  Duquesne 
Club  of  Pittsburgh ;  the  Bankers  Club  of  New 
York;  the  Commercial  club  of  North  Yakima,  and 
of  the  Upsilnu  Kappa,  Psi  Upsilon,  Theta 
Nu  Epsilon  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  college 
fraternities.  Mr.  Congdon  was  a  man  of  tender 
heart  and  warm  human  sympathies.  His  phil- 
anthropy was  general.  He  was  a  close  student 
of  government  and  state  policies,  a  foe  of  waste 
and  inefficiency,  a  friend  of  political  progress  as 
he  saw  it,  a  champion  of  clean  public  life  and 
sound  government.  He  was  married  at  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  .Sept.  29,  1881,  to  Clara  Hesperia, 
daughter  of  Edward  Bannister,  a  clergyman  of 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  had  seven  children: 
Walter  Bannister;  Edward  Chester;  Marjorie; 
Helen  Clara;  John;  Elizabeth  Manuering;  and 
Robert  Congdon.  He  died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Nov. 
21,  1916. 

DRIVER,  John  Merritte,  clergyman,  lecturer 
and  author,  was  born  at  Mt.  Vemon,  111.,  Feb.  11, 
1858,  son  of  James  Ransom  and  Matilda  Caroline 
Driver.  James  Ransom  Driver,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject and  a  native  of  Virginia,  was  a  farmer.  The 
son  received  his  preliminary  education  in  public 
and  private  schools.  He  was  graduated  at  Illinois 
Agricultural  College  in  1876  with  the  degree  B.S.; 
at  Boston  University  in  1884  with  the  degree  A.B., 


receiving  the  degree  S.T.B.  from  that  institution 
in  1885.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  A.M. 
from  Baker  University  in  18S5;  the  degree  D.D. 
from  Rust  University  in  1893 ;  the  degree  Ph.D. 
from  American  University  in  1899,  and  the  degree 
LL.D.  from  the  Illinois  College  of  Law  in  1909. 
He  studied  also  in  Boston,  Leipsic  and  Rome.  In 
1883  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  was  pastor  of  the 
People's  Church,  Chicago,  during  1902-07.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Archaeological 
Society,  and  of  the  Asiatic.  Archaeological  Society. 
He  was  author  of  "Bible  Temperance  Hymns" 
(1879);  "Songs  of  the  Soul"  (1885);  "Samson 
and  Shylock"  (1892);  "Nepenthe"  (1896); 
"Purple  Peaks  Remote:  A  Romance  of  Italy  and 
America"  (1905);  "Americans  All"  (1911),  and 
"Memories  of  Italy"  (1915).  He  was  the  popu- 
lar successor  of  Drs.  H.  W.  Thomas  and  Frank 
Crane  at  the  famous  People  's  Chureh,  McYicker  's 
Theatre,  Chicago,  where  during  the  memorable 
days  of  his  pastorate  vast  throngs  assembled  every 
Sunday  morning.  Both  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the 
lecture  platform  he  won  enviable  preeminence.  He 
was  voted  (by  the  people)  in  actual  balloting,  in 
a  total  of  more  than  six  hundred  communities,  as 
first  of  the  five  most  scholarly,  eloquent  and  popu- 
lar lecturers.  His  lecture  courses  extended  to  al- 
most every  state  and  throughout  Canada,  and  his 
lecture  topics  included:  "America  Facing  the 
Far  East,"  "Young  America  and  Her  Missions," 
"Jefferson  Davis:  The  Man,"  "The  Anglo-Saxon 
and  the  Future  Rulership  of  the  World, "  "  The 
European  Policy  and  Diplomacy  of  Today, "  "  The 
Romance  of  a  Nation's  Birth,  or  The  Origin  of 
the  American  Constitution. ' '  He  was  a  man 
whose  knowledge  was  broad  ami  deep.  In  appear- 
ance he  was  impressive,  and  he  was  remarkably 
handsome.  He  was  large  of  frame  anil  large  of 
mind,  possessing  magnificent  power,  aud  a  mag- 
netism that,  as  he  advanced  further  and  broadened 
the  sweep  of  his  eloquence,  carried  his  audience 
along  in  its  flow.  It  was  like  the  mighty  current 
of  a  river.  He  was  not  narrow.  He  was  dis- 
tinguished by  the  breadth  of  his  views  as  a 
preacher  and  as  author  and  lecturer.  He  was  pre- 
eminently a  student,  and  was  writing  books  at 
eighteen.  During  his  earlier  years  he  often  ap- 
peared as  pianist  and  vocal-soloist.  With  him 
poetry  and  music  and  art  were  avocations.  At  an 
early  age  he  was  recognized  as  a  pulpit  orator  of 
no  mean  ability,  and  he  served  charges  in  many 
cities  and  towns.  He  traveled  extensively  and 
had  met  many  of  the  crowned  heads  of  Europe. 
He  had  audience  with  two  Popes,  and  he  was  the 
intimate  of  Jefferson  Davis,  George  Beck,  the 
Roman  artist;  Prince  Paoli  Ruspoli,  hereditary 
lord-mayor  of  Rome,  William  J.  liryan,  and  many 
other  persons  of  prominence.  Politically  he  was 
a  progressive  Democrat.  The  title  of  his  book, 
' '  Americans  All, ' '  was  appropriated  by  the  pub- 
licity department  of  the  U.  S.  treasury  depart- 
ment in  its  advertising  of  the  5th  government 
lonll — the  Victory  Loan,  and  became  a  popular 
slogan.  His  books  were  vivid  word  pictures.  He 
was  married  at  Casey,  111.,  Apr.  11,  1882.  to  Elsie, 
daughter  of  Capt.  Owen  Wiley,  a  merchant  of 
Casey,  111.;  she  survives  him.  He  died  in  Chicago, 
111.,  June  6,  1918.  (Portrait  opposite  page  344.) 

LARPENTETJR,  Auguste  Louis,  merchant 
and  pioneer,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  16, 
182?.,  son  of  Louis  Auguste  and  Malinda  (Sim- 
mons) Larpenteur,  and  grandson  of  Louis  Benoit 
Larpenteur,  soldier  and  officer  under  Napoleon, 
who  came  to  America  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 


344 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Louis  Augusts  Larpenteur  was  a  merchant  of 
Baltimore.  The  son  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  after  a  brief  period 
in  Frederick  county,  Md.,  he  sought  fortune  in  the 
West.  His  knowledge  of  French  and  an  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Sioux  dialect  qualified  him,  after  two 
years,  to  become  interpreter  for  a  company  of  ad- 
venturers bound  up  the  Mississippi  to  trade  with 
the  Indians.  He  became  a  fast  friend  and  stout 
champion  of  the  Sioux,  who  wished  to  adopt  him. 
Purchasing  the  stock  of  his  employer,  he  became 
St.  Paul's  pioneer  merchant,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Freeman,  Larpenteur  &  Co.,  and  he  remained 
in  trade  until  an  advanced  age.  He  at  all  times 
displayed  a  splendid  sense  of  citizenship,  and  he 
was  a  factor  in  organizing  the  territory  of  Min- 
nesota in  days  when  men  held  the  country  good 
only  for  Indians  and  buffaloes.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Stillwater  convention  of  1848  which 
petitioned  the  governor  of  Wisconsin  to  permit  the 
election  of  delegates  to  congress  to  bring  about 
the  organization  of  a  territory  to  be  called  Minne- 
sota. This  petition  was  granted,  but  without  mucn 
idea  on  the  part  of  the  governor  that  the  setting 
off  of  the  territory  would  be  accomplished.  He 
was  the  last  survivor  of  that  convention,  and  his 
passing  severed  the  final  tie  that  linked  a  scattered 
Indian  -ullage  to  the  capital  city  of  Minnesota. 
During  1847-48  he  assisted  other  settlers  in  laying 
out  the  town  of  St.  Paul  and  in  naming  the 
streets,  forgetting  to  suggest  his  own  name  in 
seconding  those  of  his  friends  for  distinction,  but 
Larpenteur  avenue  was  named  for  him  half  a  cen- 
tury later.  He  purchased  a  tract  of  180  acres, 
including  the  present  capitol  grounds,  and  sold  it 
at  a  good  profit — for  two  dollars  an  acre.  He 
served  terms  as  alderman,  and  was  treasurer  of 
Ramsey  county.  He  was  postmaster  in  1846, 
handling  all  the  mail  in  a  cabinet  containing  six- 
teen pigeon-hoies.  His  old  home,  "The  Anchor- 
age," was  for  years  the  Mecca  of  the  pioneers  of 
another  day.  For  three  quarters  of  a  century  he 
was  a  resident  of  St.  Paul.  He  knew  Minnesota 
before  it  was  named;  before  it  had  a  dollar  in 
taxes,  and  he  lived  to  see  more  money  in  the  state 
school  fund  than  Thomas  Jefferson  paid  in  the 
Louisiana  Purchase.  He  had  a  great  reverence  for 
the  past,  in  which  he  had  played  his  part.  At 
ninety-five  years  of  age  he  idled  his  hours  with 
his  violin,  and  in  relating  to  a  friendly  circle  tales 
of  the  days  when  the  tepee  was  conspicuous  from 
Minnetonia  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  He  was 
a  delightful  companion.  He  was  married  at  St. 
Paul,  Dec.  7,  1845,  to  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  An- 
thony Pressley,  of  St.  Louis;  she  died  in  1902. 
The  following  children  survive:  Kosa  (the  first 
white  child  born  in  St.  Paul) ,  now  Mrs.  James 
Harrison,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Samuel  Bartholmew, 
bookkeeper;  Teresa  E.,  who  became  the  wife  of 
Miles  Eugene  Briggs;  Caroline  Stella,  now  Mrs. 
Edward  B.  Nolan,  and  August  Louis,  Jr.,  a  leather 
goods  dealer  of  New  Orleans,  La. ;  Martha  Jane, 
who  is  Mrs.  Thomas  Smith,  Hancock,  Mich.; 
Josephine  Clara,  now  Mrs.  John  E.  Sutter,  New 
York  city ;  George  Albert,  a  fruit  dealer  of  St. 
Paul;  Willis  Amherst,  wholesale  drugs,  and  Paul 
Larpenteur,  furniture  dealer,  all  of  St.  Paul.  He 
died  in  St.  Paul,  Feb.  23,  1919. 

BOGLE,  Walter  Scott,  capitalist,  was  bora  at 
Dover,  N.  H.,  Apr.  3,  1852,  son  of  Daniel  and 
Mary  A.  (Boyd)  Bogle.  His  father  was  in  early 
life  a  steel  engraver  and  for  years  had  charge  of 
the  engraving  department  of  the  Cocheco  Prints 
Co.,  Dover.  He  took  the  gold  medal  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Exhibition,  New  York  city,  for  his  en- 


graving, and  the  "London  Art  Journal"  devoted 
several  pages  of  one  of  their  issues  to  his  work, 
it  being  conceded  that  for  years  he  stood  at  the 
head  of  his  profession.  He  afterwards  manufac- 
tured oil  cloths  at  West  Newton,  Mass.  In  1860 
lie  entered  the  coal  business  in  Chicago,  and  in 
1871  engaged  in  gold  mining  and  milling  in  the 
Black  Hills.  He  was  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, and  came  to  America  in  1830,  locating  first 
at  Providence,  E.  I.  Walter  Scott  Bogle  received 
his  education  in  public  schools  in  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts  and  Illinois,  graduating  at  Chicago 
high  school  in  1868,  in  which  year  he  began  a 
business  career  in  association  with  his  father.  After 
being  dock  clerk  for  two  years  and  traveling  sales- 
man for  one  year,  he  was  made  a  partner  in  his 
father  's  coal  business.  Upon  the  retirement  of  his 
father  he  organized  the  firm  of  Bogle  &  Co.,  which 
was  afterwards  changed  to  King  &  Bogle.  In  1884 
he  became  western  sales  agent  for  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Canal  Co.,  continuing  in  that  capacity, 
with  headquarters  in  Chicago,  until  1806,  when  lie 
took  over  their  Chicago  plant  for  the  Crescent 
Coal  &  Mining  Co.,  a  corporation  which  he  had 
organized  in  1S92,  and  of  which  he  was  president. 
That  company  had  a  career  of  unique  success  and 
was  succeeded,  in  1914,  by  W.  S.  Bogle  &  Co., 
Inc.,  producers  of  Indiana  (St.  Bernice  and  Es- 
sanbee)  coal,  and  he  still  continues  as  president 
of  this  corporation.  Meanwhile,  he  had  organized 
several  companies  for  mining  bituminous  coal, 
among  them  the  Eettaw  Mines  Co.,  and  the  Mer- 
chants Fuel  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president,  and 
he  is  now  president  of  the  Essanbee  Mines  Co., 
and  the  Pine  Ridge  Mines  Co.,  both  of  Indiana, 
and  of  The  No.  8  Coal  Co.  of  Ohio,  also  director 
in  the  Pittsburgh-Belmont  Coal  Co.  of  Ohio,  and 
the  Fort  Dearborn  National  Bank,  Chicago,  having 
served  thirty  years  in  the  latter  capacity.  He 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Cook  county  Democratic 
committee  during  the  year  that  Cleveland  was 
elected  president  for  the  second  time,  and  Alt- 
geld,  governor  of  Illinois.  For  four  years  he  was 
a  member  of  the  West  Park  board,  Chicago,  mem- 
bers of  which  served  without  pay.  He  was  vice- 
president  and  president  Iroquois  Club,  and  mem- 
ber also  Chicago  Athletic  Association  and  the  Union 
League,  Press  and  South  Shore  Country  clubs, 
Chicago ;  former  member  Chicago  Yacht  and  Chi- 
cago Automobile  clubs,  and  the  Manhattan  Club, 
New  York  city,  also  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He 
is  a  communicant  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He 
was  married  in  Chicago,  111.,  Mar.  21,  1872,  to 
Delia  Elmira,  daughter  of  John  Stearns,  a  manu- 
facturer of  Chicago;  she  died  in  1907.  There  is 
one  surviving  child,  Mae  Stearns,  who  married 
Charles  Wood  Gilmore. 

CHILDS,  Frank  Hall,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Findlay,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  Feb."  16,  1859,  son  of 
Nathaniel  Emmes  and  Emily  Amanda  (Hall) 
Childs.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
is  said  to  have  been  one  of  three  brothers,  who 
camo  from  England  in  the  17th  century  and  set- 
tled near  Boston.  The  paternal  great-grandfather 
of  Frank  Hall  Childs  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  the  revolution,  and  his  grandparents  were  Na- 
thaniel P.  Childs,  of  Gardner,  Mass.,  a  farmer  of 
the  strict  Puritanic  stamp,  and  his  wife,  Eliza 
]!.  Knnnc  s.  The  hitter's  father,  Nathaniel  F.mmes, 
was  a  gunsmith  of  Boston,  and  carried  a  firelock 
in  the  war  of  the  revolutiou,  participating  in  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Nathaniel  Emmes  Childs, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Providence, 
R.  I.,  was  educated  in  Boston;  raised  on  a  farm 
in  Steubeu  county,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1837  located 


JOHN  M.  DRIVER 
CLERGYMAN 


AUGUSTE  L.  LARPENTEUR 

MERCHANT 


WALTER  S.  BOGLE 
MERCHANT 


FRANK  H.  CHILDS 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


345 


near  Attica,  Seneca  county,  O.  He  began  teaching 
in  public  schools,  and  subsequently  became  the  first 
railway  passenger  conductor  in  Ohio,  on  the  Mad 
River  Railroad,  between  Sandusky  and  Springfield. 
He  afterward  was  elected  county  judge  of  Han- 
cock county,  and  later  was  interested  in  railroad 
construction  in  northern  Illinois.  He  was  an  ar- 
dent abolitionist,  and  was  prominently  identified 
with  the  work  of  the  "underground  railway." 
Frank  Hall  Childs  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  public  schools  aud  at  Republic  (O.)  Nor- 
mal school.  In  1878  he  began  work  in  the 
chief  clerk  's  office  of  the  U.  S.  government  printing 
office,  Washington,  and  in  1SSO  was  a  clerk  in  the 
U.  S.  pension  office,  Washington.  At  the  close  of 
the  latter  year  he  entered  the  office  of  the  superin- 
tendent of  railway  mail  service,  Chicago,  where 
he  remained  for  more  than  a  decade.  He  was  ap- 
pointed U.  S.  postoffice  inspector  in  1890,  and  was 
instrumental  in  securing  many  arrests  and  con- 
victions for  violations  of  the  postal  laws.  In  1^92 
he  was  made  chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  post- 
office  inspector  in  charge  of  the  New  Orleans  di- 
vision. Meanwhile,  he  began  the  study  of  law, 
and  in  1880  attended  the  night  courses  at  Colum- 
lii.-iu  Law  School  (now  George  Washington  Uni- 
versity), Washington.  During  1882-83  he  resumed 
his  law  studies  at  Union  College  of  Law,  Chicago, 
and  during  the  winter  of  1S92-93  was  a  student 
at  Kent  College  of  Law,  Chicago,  from  which  in- 
stitution he  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  the 
latter  year.  He  had,  however,  been  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Illinois  in  1S84,  after  passing  an  ex- 
amination conducted  by  the  appellate  court.  He 
•was  admitted  to  practice  before  the  U.  S.  courts 
in  1893,  and  in  the  U.  S.  patent  office  in  1898. 
He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago 
in  1893.  In  1898  he  began  teaching  in  Kent  Col- 
lege of  Law,  afterwards  the  Chicago-Kent  College 
of  Law,  and  for  ten  years  taught  business  law  in 
the  Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the  Wal- 
ton School  of  Commerce,  Chicago.  He  is  author  of 
"Childs  on  Suretyship"  (West  Pub.  Co.,  St.  Paul, 
1907)  ;  "Childs  on  Personal  Property"  (Callaghan 
&  Co.,  Chicago,  1914);  "Ewell  on  Fixtures"  (2d 
edn.,  ibid.,  1905);  "American  Business  Law"  (6 
vols.,  Walton  School  of  Commerce,  1917),  and  he 
wrote  the  article  on  ' '  Principal  and  Surety  ' '  for 
the  "Cyclopedia  of  Law  and  Procedure."  Aside 
from  his  professional  activities  he  is  secretary 
and  director  of  the  Brown  Portable  Conveying  Ma- 
chinery Co.,  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  Illinois  State  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  Chicago  Bar  Association.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  a  Republican.  He  finds  his  chief  rec- 
reation in  motoring.  He  has  traveled  in  every 
state  in  the  Union,  and  in  foreign  countries.  He 
•was  married  in  Chicago,  111.,  Feb.  IS,  1886,  to 
Amy,  daughter  of  Edwin  Hunt,  a  wholesale  mer 
chant  of  Chicago. 

KENNEDY,  Benjamin  Eli  Barnet,  lawyer 
and  legislator,  was  born  at  Boltou,  Vt.,  Apr.  20, 
1827,  son  of  Samuel  Barnet  and  Hannah  Mosely 
(Morse)  Kennedy,  grandson  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Barnet)  Kennedy,  and  great-grandson  of  John 
Kennedy,  who  came  from  Scotland  in  the  18th 
century  and  settled  in  Massachusetts,  where  at 
Xewburyport  he  married  Mary  Barren.  John 
Kennedy,  the  emigrant,  and  his  four  sons  en- 
listed under  Col.  Ethan  Allen  (q.v.)  ;  he  was 
quartermaster  and  one  of  the  ' '  forty  picked 
men"  that  Col.  Allen  took  with  him  to  capture 
Fort  Carrillion ;  his  son,  John,  was  Col.  Allen 's 
aide-de-camp  at  the  time  of  the  taking  of  Fort 
Ticonderoga.  Samuel  Barnet  Kennedy,  father 


of  the  subject  and  a  farmer,  was  also  a  member 
of  thp  Vermont  legislature  and  judge  of  the  nisi 
prius  court  of  Chittenden  county,  lie  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Plattsburg  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Benjamin  E.  B.  Kennedy  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  a  local  academy, 
remaining  on  the  paternal  farm  until  he  at- 
tained his  majority.  He  then  began  the  study 
i if  law  at  Richmond,  Vt.,  in  the  offices  of  May- 
nard  &  Edmunds,  the  latter  afterwards  U.  S. 
Sen.  George  F.  Edmunds  (q.v.).  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  to  the  bar  of 
the  supreme  court  in  1858.  He  practiced  at 
Richmond  until  the  latter  year,  when  he  settled 
in  Omaha,  Neb.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
who  shared  the  many  hardships  of  the  struggle 
that  was  taking  place  in  the  embryo  city  during 
the  years  preceding  the  civil  war.  He  served  as 
ni.'iyiir  <if  Omaha  in  1862-63,  and  in  1864-67  he 
was  a  member  of  the  territorial  legislature,  the 
first  year  in  the  house  and  the  remaining  two 
years  in  the  council.  He  was,  in  both,  chair- 
man of  the  judiciary  committee,  and  in  1866 
of  the  joint  committee  on  revision  of  the  stat- 
utes. In  1S79  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ne- 
braska house  of  representatives.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Omaha  city  council  in  1862. 
In  1M)4  he  was  chosen  school  director  of  the 
city,  holding  the  office  eight  consecutive  years, 
during  which  time  the  first  public  school  build- 
ings were  erected  ami  the  present  school  system 
established.  Later  he  was  secretary  and  gen- 
eral supervisor  of  the  schools;  was  one  of  the 
pioneer  presidents  of  the  board  of  education, 
and  he  acted  as  superintendent,  employer  of 
teachers  and  as  purchasing  agent  for  school  sup- 
plies. Under  his  personal  direction  was  built 
the  first  high  school.  He  had  also  been  president 
of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School, 
Peru,  and  was  a  member  of  the  board,  by  suc- 
cessive appointments,  for  twenty-six  years.  In 
1879  he  introduced  the  bill  creating  the  Ne- 
braska state  fish  commission,  of  which  he  be- 
came a  member.  He  was  appointed  by  Pres. 
Lincoln  as  one  of  a  committee  of  three  to  ar- 
range for  the  celebration  of  the  beginning  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  while  he  also  par- 
ticipated in  the  program  marking  the  completion 
of  the  road.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the 
Douglas  County  Association  of  Nebraska  Pio- 
neers. The  secret  of  his  success  as  a  lawyer 
was  to  be  found  in  his  strict  and  conscientious 
devotion  to  the  interests  of  his  clients,  his  un- 
deviating  rectitude  and  his  unvarying  courtesy 
of  demeanor.  He  was  careful,  painstaking  and 
diligent  in  the  preparation  of  his  cases,  and  in 
the  drawing  up  of  wills,  the  examination  of 
titles,  and  the  investigation  of  questions  relating 
to  real  estate  he  had  few  rivals.  He  had  the 
respert  nf  his  fellows,  the  esteem  and  love  of 
the  bench  and  bar,  and  a  reputation  absolutely 
without  stain.  His  favorite  recreations  were 
hunting  and  fishing.  He  was  married,  Aug.  4, 
1858,  to  Frances  Gennette,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Reuben  Xims  of  Romeo,  Mich.;  she  survives 
him,  with  two  children:  Fanny  Adelaide  and 
William  Hannibal  Kennedy,  a  rancher  of  Chester- 
field, Neb.  He  died  in  Omaha,  Neb.,  Aug.  19, 
1916. 

CONLEY,  John  White,  broker,  was  born  in 
Brownsville,  Pa.,  June  27,  1836,  son  of  William  and 
Christine  (Smith)  Conley,  and  grandson  of  John 
and  Letitia  Ann  (Owens)  Conley.  His  grand- 
father, a  native  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  was  engaged 
in  the  business  of  contracting  and  civil  engineering 


346 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


at  Brownsville,  having  built  the  old  national  road 
or  turnpike  through  Pennsylvania,  which  connected 
Washington,  D.  C.,  with  the  Western  Reserve.  His 
son,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  Mississippi 
river  steamboat  captain,  owning  a  fleet  of  boats 
which  were  palatial  in  their  day.  The  son,  after 
attending  the  Marietta  (O.)  Academy  for  three 
years,  began  his  business  career  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Two  years  later  he 
went  to  Nicaragua  for  his  health,  and  joining 
Walker  's  army  of  filibusters  was  made  a  captain. 
In  1857  he  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  was  asso- 
ciated with  his  father  in  the  steamboat  business, 
building  up  an  extensive  trade  in  wheat  and  flour 
transportation  on  the  Missouri  river.  The  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  found  him  a  clerk  on  the 
steamboat  White  Cloud,  which  was  impressed  into 
the  Confederate  service  by  Gov.  Jackson  and  was 
captured  by  the  Federals  at  the  battle  of  Boone- 
ville.  While  settling  the  estate  of  his  father-in-law 
at  Marietta,  O.,  he  became  interested  in  the  oil 
business  there,  and  made  a  small  fortune  by  his 
purchases.  In  1371  he  became  superintendent  of 
Harrison  Durkee's  stock  farm  at  Flushing,  Long 
Island.  He  was  in  the  brokerage  business  in  New 
York  during  1873-77,  and  then  removed  to  Chicago, 
111.,  where  he  was  successively  member  of  the  firms 
of  John  W.  Rumsey  &  Co.,  Schwartz,  Dupee  &  Co., 
and  J.  H.  Wren  &  Co.  Col.  Conley  was  best  known 
as  an  authority  on  the  breeding  and  training  of 
race  horses.  In  1889  he  was  the  leading  member 
of  the  syndicate  which  purchased  ' '  Axtell "  (2 : 12) 
for  $105,000,  at  that  time  the  world's  record  price 
for  a  race  horse  of  any  age,  sex  or  breed.  "  He  was 
more  largely  instrumental  in  the  production  of  more 
of  the  greatest  light-harness  performers  thus  far 
produced,  and,  by  his  operations  in  moulding  the 
course  of  breeding,  history  and  speed  evolution, 
than  any  other  man  who  has  yet  lived,"  said  the 
"Horse  Review. "  Recognizing  the  greatness  of 
"Dictator,"  then  owned  by  Durkee  at  Flushing, 
he  was  instrumental  in  having  that  stallion  sent  to 
Kentucky,  where  the  many  famous  foals  got  by  him 
included  "Jay-Eye-See"  and  "Nancy  Lee,"  who 
produced  "Nancy  Hanks"  (2:04),  the  first  2:05 
trotter  in  history.  From  this  stock  came  "  Direc- 
tum  I"  (1:56%),  the  one-time  world's  champion 
light  harness  performer,  under  ruling  conditions, 
and  many  other  speed  marvels  that  carry  the  blood 
of  "Dictator."  He  advised  Leland  Stanford  to 
buy  ' '  Electioneer ' '  and  certain  brood  mares,  and 
it  was  largely  Conley 's  selections  that  went  to 
Sanford  in  Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  to  establish  the  most 
influential  breeding  farm  the  trotting  world  has 
known.  He  was  also  a  direct  and  acting  agent  in 
the  production  of  other  great  families  of  horses. 
Col.  Conley 's  dominating  personal  characteristics 
were  a  remarkable  foresight,  love  of  justice  and  of 
home,  extraordinary  acumen  in  business  matters, 
great  executive  ability,  and  ability  to  read  the 
character  of  others.  He  was  twice  married:  first, 
Oct.  1,  1857,  to  Anna  B.,  daughter  of  John  O. 
Cram,  a  miller  of  Marietta,  O.  (she  died  in  1893), 
and,  second,  Sept.  22,  1897,  to  Maria  A.,  daughter 
of  James  Sturges,  a  banker  of  Chicago,  111.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Mar.  8,  1916. 

DeWOLF,  Wallace  Leroy,  lawyer,  artist  and 
realty  operator,  was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Feb.  24, 
1854,  son  of  Calvin  and  Frances  (Kimball) 
DeWolf.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Balthazar  DeWolf.  Calvin  DeWolf  (q.v.), 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  prominent  lawyer  and 
abolitionist,  and  was  secretary  of  the  Illinois  Anti- 
Slavery  Society.  Wallace  Leroy  DeWolf  was 
graduated  at  Union  College  of  Law,  Chicago,  in 


1876,  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago.  Since  1894 
he  has  been  in  the  general  real  estate,  loan,  build- 
ing and  renting  business,  with  a  specialty  in 
manufacturing  and  warehouse  property,  sub-divi- 
sions and  building,  and  is  senior  member  of  W.  L. 
DeWolf  &  Co.,  real  estate  dealers.  During  1901-08 
he  was  president  of  the  Kellogg  Switchboard  & 
Supply  Co.,  and  brought  to  a  successful  termina- 
tion one  of  the  most  determined  strikes  ever 
brought  by  the  unions  against  the  open  shop  policy 
of  the  company.  He  is  also  widely  known  as  a 
painter  and  etcher,  and  has  exhibited  in  many  art 
exhibitions,  and  is  represented  by  pictures  in  the 
Art  Institute,  Chicago,  Springfield  (111.)  Art  As- 
sociation, and  a  number  of  other  galleries.  In 
consideration  of  Mr.  DeWolf 's  long  and  valued 
services  and  his  many  gifts  to  the  art  institute, 
a  room  has  been  set  apart  and  named  after  him 
and  designated  as  ' '  The  DeWolf  Gallery  of 
American  Landscapes."  In  1913  he  was  the 
donor  of  the  Wallace  L.  DeWolf  collection  of  Zorn 
etchings  to  the  Chicago  Art  Institute,  this  com- 
prising one  of  the  most  complete  collections  of 
etchings  by  Zorn  in  the  United  States.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  commission  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  local  art,  appointed  by  Mayor  Harrison; 
is  a  beneficiary  and  trustee  of  the  Chicago  Art 
Institute,  and  member  Chicago  Society  of  Etchers, 
Arts  Club,  Artists'  Guild,  Friends  of  American 
Art,  Municipal  Art  League,  California  Society  of 
Artists,  and  The  Print  Makers  of  California,  a  di- 
rector in  the  Illinois  Atidubon  Society,  and  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society.  He 
is  past  vice-president  Union  League  Club,  and 
member  also  Onwentsia  and  Cliff  Dwellers'  clubs, 
Chicago.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  painting, 
etching,  automobiling,  hunting,  travel  and  in  the 
study  of  early  Illinois  and  Chicago  history.  His 
residence  is  at  Lake  Forest.  His  political  affilia- 
tion is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Stuttgart,  Germany,  Oct.  20,  1890,  to  Mary 
R,  daughter  of  John  Huntington  Rea,  clerk  of 
the  U.  S.  court,  Indianapolis,  and  assistant  post- 
master, Chicago.  She  died  in  1915. 

BOYD,  George  Washington,  passenger  traffic 
expert,  was  born  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Aug.  1, 
1848,  son  of  David  Milton  and  Betsey  Ann 
(Brown)  Boyd.  His  first  known  paternal  Ameri- 
can ancestorf  John  Boyd,  came  from  Scotland  in 
the  early  days  of  the  Colony,  and  through  him 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Fulton,  the  line  of  descent 
is  traced  to  their  son  Benjamin  Boyd  and  his  wife 
Annie  Findley,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
George  W.  Boyd.  Benjamin  Boyd  was  a  clergy- 
man. David  Milton  Boyd,  father  of  the  subject, 
was  a  well-known  merchant  of  Indianapolis,  highly 
respected  for  his  probity  in  business  and  the  up- 
rightness of  his  life.  He  invented  and  patented  a 
shingle  machine.  George  W.  Boyd  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  public  schools  and  at  the 
private  school  of  Prof.  Krull,  Indianapolis,  sub- 
sequently becoming  a  student  at  Northwestern 
University,  Indianapolis.  In  1S63,  at  fifteen,  he 
entered  the  service  of  the  freight  department  of 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  in  his  native  city,  Indianapolis  then 
being  one  of  the  greatest  railroad  centers  in  the 
country.  All  the  east  and  west  bound  freight  was 
transhipped  there  and  its  freight  yards  were  at 
all  times  the  scene  of  great  activity.  For  several 
years  he  was  clerk  and  subsequently  chief  clerk 
of  the  freight  department.  His  aptness  in  hand- 
ling the  details  of  the  office,  and  his  untiring  in 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


347 


dustry  soon  won  the  support  of  his  superior  of- 
ficers. Although  he  worked  from  twelve  to  sixteen 
hours  a  day,  yet  he  found  time  to  improve  his 
mind,  and  soon  discovered  that  service  in  the 
passenger  department  was  more  to  his  liking  and 
offered  better  opportuuities.  An  older  brother, 
David  M.  Boyd,  Jr.,  was  forging  ahead  in  rail- 
road work,  and  he  was  fired  by  an  ambition  to 
become  equally  prominent  in  the  most  prominent 
profession  of  the  day.  Having  mastered  the  rou- 
tine of  the  freight  office,  he  sought  a  wider  and 
more  congenial  field  in  the  passenger  department 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  in  1872  was 
appointed  cashier  under  his  brother  in  Philadel- 
phia, serving  two  years,  when  he  was  promoted 
chief  clerk,  "a  post  he  retained  for  eight  years. 
In  1882  he  was  appointed  to  the  new  office  of 
assistant  general  passenger  agent.  He  became 
general  passenger  agent  in  1903,  and  in  1913  was 
made  passenger  traffic  manager  of  the  lines  east 
of  Pittsburgh  and  Erie.  Shortly  after  he  became 
identified  with  the  passenger  work  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania, strenuous  times  were  brought  about  by 
preparations  for  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Ex- 
position, the  first  test  cf  the  railroad's  capacity 
to  handle  a  concentrated  mass  of  passengers.  His 
brother  was  general  passenger  agent,  and  his  zeal- 
ous work  and  untiring  energy  in  the  task  so  under- 
mined his  health  that  he  never  recovered  from  the 
strain.  The  fixing  of  rates,  the  provision  of  all 
kinds  of  tickets,  and  the  preparation  of  time- 
tables for  regular  and  special  trains  for  accommo- 
dating visitors  from  all  parts  of  the  land  was  a 
new  and  untried  problem  in  American  railroading, 
and  as  the  burden  of  the  traffic  fell  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania, so  did  the  responsibility  of  moving  and 
caring  for  it.  The  task  was  accomplished  with 
notable  success,  and  the  methods  adopted  then 
became  the  basis  for  handling  traffic  for  all  suc- 
cessive country-wide  assemblages.  It  was  a  splen- 
did experience  for  the  younger  Boyd,  and  he 
profited  by  it.  He  thoroughly  grounded  himself 
in  the  basic  principles  of  passenger  traffic,  ana 
was  thoroughly  equipped  to  assume  his  new  re- 
sponsibilities when  promotion  came  to  him.  Mean- 
while passenger  business  began  to  increase,  es- 
pecially in  the  decade  following  ISsO.  Railroad 
managers  had  looked  upon  it  as  a  necessary  evil, 
but  with  the  growth  of  the  country,  the  expansion 
of  industries,  and  the  development  of  trade  and 
commerce,  passenger  men  came  to  realize  that  new 
methods  must  supplant,  the  old  haphazard  ways  of 
conducting  this  branch  of  the  service.  New  and 
modern  equipment  must  be  introduced,  and  faster 
and  more  frequent  trains  must  be  operated.  He 
took  the  initiative  in  revamping  the  business  to 
meet  the  new  conditions.  He  was  active  in  pro- 
moting the  introduction  of  high-grade  and  faster 
trains,  and  alert  in  originating  new  features  for 
the  convenience,  comfort  and  luxury  of  passengers. 
The  stability  of  rates  fixed  on  a  reasonable  and 
equitable  basis  was  one  of  his  cardinal  principles. 
He  fought  to  eliminate  from  the  rate  situation 
every  disturbing  element,  that  the  railroads  with 
fixed  tariffs  might  not  only  receive  full  compensa- 
tion for  service  performed,  but  insure  fair  and 
equal  justice  to  all  their  patrons.  He  labored 
earnestly  and  continuously  to  bring  about  such  a. 
condition.  Under  his  supervision  the  Pennsylvania 
was  the  first  road  to  maintain  a  personally  con- 
ducted travel  system  as  an  adjunct  of  the  pas- 
senger department.  This  system  applies  not  only 
to  an  aggregated  party  of  tourists,  but  to  the 
care  and  transportation  of  distinguished  foreigners, 
and  tours  of  the  presidents  and  other  dignitaries, 


as  well  as  to  organizations  making  tours  of  the 
country  for  scientific  investigations.  The  first  im- 
portant tour  of  this  kind  was  that  of  the  Interna- 
tional American  Conference  in  1889,  when  the  train 
conveying  the  South  American  Republics'  represen- 
tatives traversed  almost  the  entire  country,  drawn 
by  the  same  locomotive.  Since  then  almost  every 
movement  under  the  auspices  of  the  government, 
or  of  national  or  international  organizations  has 
been  outlined  and  conducted  under  this  system,  and 
usually  was  under  his  personal  direction.  He  con- 
ducted the  American  to-rs  of  Prince  Henry  of 
Prussia,  and  of  Li  Hung  Chang,  the  Princess  of 
Spain,  and  the  Duke  of  Veragua,  the  Pan-American 
Congress  to  the  City  of  Mexico,  the  tour  of  the 
Universal  Postal  Congress,  Gen.  Harrison  's  famous 
swing  around  America  in  1891,  the  tour  of  M<- 
Kinley  and  his  cabinet  to  the  northwest,  and  the  Mc- 
Kinley  funeral  party  from  Washington  to  Canton. 
His  prominence  in  the  service  brought  him  a  num- 
ber of  offers  of  higher  positions  from  other  lines, 
but  no  inducement  of  honor  or  gain  could  break  his 
allegiance.  On  account  of  his  wide  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  passenger  traffic,  Pres.  McKinley  in 
the  early  days  of  the  Spanish  American  war  of- 
fered him  the  headship  of  a  troop  transportation 
department  with  a  rank  of  brigadier-general,  but 
he  found  it  inexpedient  to  accept.  He  knew  every 
foot  of  the  Pennsylvania  system ;  was  f aniilar, 
from  personal  observation,  with  all  the  important 
railway  lines  of  the  United  States,  and  was  per- 
sonally acquainted  with  all  the  principal  traffic 
officials.  He  led  the  fight  against  ticket  scalpers, 
in  which  he  was  unremitting,  and  his  energy  and 
uncompromising  attitude  in  this  matter  con- 
tributed largely  to  the  present-day  legislation 
against  the  practice.  He  was  decorated  with  the 
Order  of  the  Crown,  2d  class,  by  the  Emperor  of 
Germany  in  1904.  He  was  a  member  of  various 
traffic  associations,  the  Union  League  Club,  Phila- 
delphia, and  the  Masonic  fraternity,  in  which  he 
held  the  32d  degree.  He  found  his  chief  recrea- 
tion in  history,  especially  history  of  the  civil  war. 
He  was  married  (1)  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Dee. 
5,  1877,  to  Lydia  Paxton,  daughter  of  Oliver 
Tousey,  a  merchant  of  Indianapolis;  she  died  in 
1893.  He  was  married  (II)  in  Washington,  D. 
C.,  Jan.  24,  1899,  to  Miranda,  daughter  of  Crosby 
Stuart  Noyes  (q.v.),  editor  of  the  Washington 
''Star,"  Washington;  she  survives  him,  with  three 
children  by  the  first  union:  Oliver  Tousey,  general 
passenger  agent  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  Phila- 
delphia; Lydia  Paxton,  who  married  Richard  M. 
Day,  Denver,  and  Anna  Boyd,  Philadelphia ;  and 
two  children  by  the  s*  ->nd  union:  Elizabeth  Noyes 
and  Crosby  Noyes  Boyd.  He  died  at  his  summer 
home  at  Cape  May,  N.  J.,  Sept.  22,  1917. 

HAMILTON,  William,  merchant  and  banker, 
was  born  at  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  25,  1832,  son  of 
.lames  Hamilton,  a  native  of  Lanarkshire,  Scot- 
land, who  emigrated  early  in  the  last  century  and 
settled  in  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.  His  early  life 
was  spent  on  a  farm  in  York,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  He  was  a 
brilliant  scholar  and  in  turn  became  a  school- 
master. During  1853-57  he  taught  school  in 
Michigan  and  in  Minnesota.  He  began  his  busi- 
ness career  in  1859  at  Caledonia,  N.  Y.,  by  pur- 
chasing farm  produce  at  the  New  York  Central 
railroad  station,  and  also  at  a  warehouse  on  the 
New  YTork  and  Lake  Erie  railroad  at  Caledonia. 
From  that  modest  beginning  he  was  enabled 
through  thrift  and  economy  to  build  up  a  large 
and  successful  produce  business.  His  warehouses 
were  destroyed  by  fire  in  1885,  but  he  rebuilt  them 


348 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


on  a  larger  scale,  and  in  1897  he  added  a  beau 
house  exclusively  for  the  handling  of  that  product 
and  which  is  one  of  the  largest  in  western  New 
York.  His  products  were  shipped  to  all  of  the 
important  markets  throughout  New  York  state 
and  the  Eastern  seaboard,  and  his  name  had  at- 
tained considerable  prominence  in  the  produce 
world.  To  his  other  industries  he  added,  in  1880, 
a  banking  business,  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
which  was  such  that  it  became  in  time  a  national 
bank.  In  18S7  he  purchased  the  Smirh  flouring 
mill  of  Honeoye  Falls,  which  under  his  manage- 
ment became  one  of  the  leading  industries  of  that 
section.  He  was  a  director  of  the  Monroe 
County  Savings  Bank,  of  Rochester,  and  president 
of  the  Union  Building  and  Loan  Association,  of 
Caledonia.  His  political  affiliations  were  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  served  his  town  as  super- 
visor, highway  commissioner,  treasurer  of  the  board 
of  education,  for  five  years  a  commissioner  of  the 
state  park  at  Niagara  Falls,  and  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  state  Democratic  committee. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  the  first  Cleve- 
land election.  He  was  a  founder  and  one  of  the 
must  prominent  members  of  the  Livingston  County 
Historical  Society.  His  farm  in  Wheatlands, 
known  as  "Rowlands,"  and  named  for  his  father's 
native  home  in  Scotland,  has  been  for  years  one 
of  the  show  farms  of  Monroe  county.  He  was  a 
member  of  Clan  Mclntyre,  and  was  always  an  en- 
thusiastic speaker  at  the  annual  gatherings  of  the 
clans.  He  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  the  poems  of 
Robert  Burns;  took  a  great  interest  in  all  litera- 
ture, and  was  himself  a  clever  writer  of  verse  in 
the  Scottish  dialect.  In  his  religious  life  he  was 
noted  for  his  unfailing  adherence  to  the  old  Scotch 
custom  of  church  going  and  Sabbath  observance. 
Few  men  started  with  less  and  accomplished  more 
than  William  Hamilton.  In  the  face  of  obstacles, 
which  to  a  less  determined  man  would  have  re- 
sulted in  defeat,  this  stalwart  youth  early  became 
possessed  of  an  unconquerable  determination  to 
succeed.  He  set  his  goal  high,  and  long  before  his 
retirement  from  active  life  he  had  emblazoned 
for  himself  a  record  which  was  an  honor  to  the 
name  he  bore.  He  was  married  Sept.  5,  1859,  to 
Jane,  daughter  of  Robert  Yallauce,  of  Fowlerville, 
and  had  four  children:  William  Yallance,  James 
Alexander,  Helen,  the  wife  of  John  A.  Milroy,  of 
Houston,  Tex.,  and  Mary,  the  wife  of  John  P. 
Lathrop,  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  at  Caledonia, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  1,  11U.'. 

ROBERTSON,  Ina  Law,  educator  and  phil- 
anthropist, was  born  at  Buena  Yista,  Ore.,  July 
27,  1867,  daughter  of  Robt.  M.  and  Nancy 
(MeMeeken)  Robertson.  Her  father  was  a 
grain  merchant.  Ina  Law  Robertson  received  her 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Albany,  Ore.,  and  was  graduated  at  Albany 
College  in  1889  with  the  degree  of  B.Sc.  In 
]yx;i-!)4  she  was  principal  of  Waitsburg  Acad- 
emy, and  the  following  year  she  spent  in  lectur- 
ing in  the  East.  In  1895  she  became  a  post- 
graduate student  at  the  University  of  Chicago. 
It  was  at  this  time  that  she  realized  the  great 
need  for  homes  where  woTking  girls  earning  a 
low  wage  could  live  in  safe,  comfortable  and 
pleasant  housing,  yet  free  from  charity.  In 
1898  she  founded  the  first  Eleanor  club  for 
business  women,  with  accommodation  for  twenty- 
eight  girls.  Her  great  aim  was  to  prove  that 
a  club  for  working  girls  could  be  maintained 
on  an  absolutely  self-supporting  basis.  Her  ex- 
periment proved  a  unique  success,  and  gradually 
other  clubs  were  started.  At  the  time  of  her 


death  there  were  established  under  the  direction 
of  the  Eleanor  Association,  of  which  she  was 
president,  director,  trustee  and  member  of  the 
executive  committee,  six  residential  Eleanor  clubs 
accommodating  more  than  600  girls.  This  as- 
sociation was  incorporated  in  1905.  In  1908  the 
Central  Eleanor  club,  a  downtown  headquarters 
and  rest  room  for  business  girls,  had  its  begin- 
ning. In  1909  was  inaugurated  the  Eleanor 
camp,  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  while 
in  1914  the  Social  Center,  under  the  same  roof 
with  Eleanor  Club  Six,  was  founded.  Member- 
ship in  Central  Eleanor  club,  with  privilege  of  its 
classes,  lunch  and  rest  room  and  Sunday  after- 
noons at  home,  is  one  dollar  initiation  fee  and 
two  dollars  a  year  for  dues.  The  downtown 
club  lias  a  membership  of  approximately  2,200, 
and  the  summer  camp  accommodates  about 
1,200  girls.  The  various  Eleanor  enterprises 
now  have  a  membership  of  more  than  3,000. 
Miss  Robertson  was  not  only  the  founder  of  all 
this  work  but  she  unselfishly  devoted  all  of  her 
time  and  labor  towards  its  upbuilding,  and  as- 
sisted other  cities  in  establishing  similar  organ- 
izations. She  was  a  communicant  of  Woodlawri 
Presbyterian  Church,  Chicago.  Ina  Law  Robert- 
son was  a  woman  of  rare  vision  and  nobility  of 
character.  Her  charity  was  not  mere  money 
giving,  but  that  which  longed  to  bind  up  the 
wounded  and  mend  the  broken,  which  found  the 
greatest  joy  of  life  in  seeing  tears  turn  to 
smiles.  Simple,  unpretending,  thoughtful  of  every- 
body but  herself,  her  courtesy  was  not  a  thing 
of  etiquette,  but  the  natural  expression  of  her 
nature.  She  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  March  6,  1916. 
CRAWFORD,  William  Gordon,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Nov.  4,  1S69,  son  of 
William  Gordon  and  Louise  (Bienvenu)  Crawford, 
and  grandson  of  John  M.  Crawford,  an  English- 
man who  came  to  the  United  States  in  an  official 
capacity  before  the  civil  war  and  was  subsequently 
British" consul  at  New  Orleans.  His  father  was  a 
Confederate  soldier  in  the  civil  war,  who  received 
wounds  at  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain  which 
afterward  resulted  in  his  death;  and  his  mother 
was  a  member  of  an  aristocratic  French  family  of 
New  Orleans.  The  son  was  educated  at  Woodward 
High  School,  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  at  Tulane  Uni- 
versity, New  Orleans,  La.  He  began  his  business 
career  in  the  office  of  the  cotton  brokerage  and 
commission  firm  of  Harris,  Parker  &  Co.,  of  New 
Orleans,  and  later  he  organized  and  conducted  the 
Imperial  warehouse,  a  bonded  warehouse  in  that 
city.  On  June  7,  1893,  he  was  appointed  by  Pres. 
Cleveland  a  deputy  auditor  of  the  treasury  de- 
partment, in  Washington,  and  immediately  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office.  His  appointment  was 
confirmed  by  the  senate  Aug.  17,  1*9::.  He  re- 
signed May  22,  1897,  and  served  until  his  successor 
was  appointed  by  Pres.  McKinley  Sept.  15,  1S97. 
Mr.  Crawford  took  up  the  study  of  law  while  re- 
siding in  Washington,  and  is  a  graduate  of  George- 
town University  of  Law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1899.  He  later 
became  interested  in  manufacturing,  and  is  the 
author  of  "A  Lion  Hunt  in  Colorado."  He  was 
married  in  Washington,  Jan.  24,  1901,  to  Kathleen 
Beale,  daughter  of  Alfred  Owen,  a  surgeon  in  the 
U.  S.  Navy,  and  has  two  children :  Kathleen  Beale 
and  Owen'  Gordon  Crawford.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Metropolitan  and  Chevy  Chase  clubs,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  In  1911  he  was  engaged  on  special 
work  for  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  He 
was  offered  by  the  department  of  state  the  post 
of  financial  agent  to  the  government  of  Persia,  but 


WILLIAM  HAMILTON 
MERCHANT  AND  BANKER 


INA  L.  ROBERTSON 

EDUCATOR 


WILLIAM  GORDON  CRAWFORD 
LAWYER 


LEWIS  N.  GILBERT 

MANUFACTURER 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


349 


he  declined  the  position  and  Pres.  Taft  sent  in  the 
name  of  W.  Morgan  Sinister. 

GILBERT,  Lewis  Newton,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Pomfret,Conn.,Jan.25,  1836,  son  of  Joseph 
and  Harriet  (Williams)  Gilbert.  He  is  descended 
from  John  Gilbert,  a  native  of  Bridgewater,  Eng- 
land, who  came  over  in  1630,  in  the  ship  Mary  and 
John,  and  settled  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  Later  he 
removed  to  Taunton  in  the  Plymouth  colony  and 
continued  a  deputy  until  1653.  From  him  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Thomas;  his  son 
Eleasor;  his  son  Eleasor,  2nd;  his  son  John,  who 
married  Hannah  Hammond,  and  their  sou  Benja- 
min, who  married  Betsey  Pierce,  and  was  the 
grandfather  of  Lewis  Newton  Gilbert.  The  latter 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  academies 
of  adjoining  towns,  while  spending  his  early  life  on 
his  father's  farm.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  left 
home  and  entered  the  employ  of  his  uncle,  George 
H.  Gilbert,  a  woolen  manufacturer  of  Ware,  Mass. 
Beginning  as  office  boy  he  afterward  became  book- 
keeper and  paymaster  and  then  entered  the  mill  to 
familiarize  himself  witli  the  practical  side  of  woolen 
manufacture.  The  business  was  small  but  it 
offered  opportunities  for  a  young  man  of  enter- 
prise to  distinguish  himself  in  its  development. 
When  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  given  a 
small  interest  in  the  firm  which  now  became  George 
H.  Gilbert  &  Co.  As  the  concern 's  business  in- 
creased, it  stood  in  need  of  more  water  power,  and 
a  new  mill  was  erected  in  I860,  four  miles  from 
Ware,  which  is  now  a  village  of  some  2,500  inhab- 
itants, called  Gilbertville.  The  firm  was  incor- 
porated in  1867  as  the  George  H.  Gilbert  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  with  a  capital  of  $250,000,  and  Mr. 
Lewis  N.  Gilbert  as  treasurer.  Upon  the  death  of 
his  uncle  in  1869  he  succeeded  him  as  president  of 
the  company,  an  office  he  still  holds.  Under  his 
able  management  the  business  steadily  increased 
until  1887  the  capital  stock  became  $1,000,000. 
The  number  of  hands  employed  at  Ware  and  Gil- 
bertville is  1,600  and  the  annual  output,  consisting 
of  various  kinds  of  woolen  and  worsted  clothes, 
principally  for  men's  wear,  amounts  to  $3,500,000. 
Besides  his  manufacturing  business,  Mr.  Gilbert 
has  been  trustee  of  the  Ware  Savings  Bank  since 
1869,  and  has  served  as  president  since  1892.  He 
was  president  of  the  Worcester  Mutual  Fire  In- 
surance Co.,  and  is  a  director  of  the  War  Trust 
Co.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served 
his  party  as  member  of  the  state  committee  for 
three  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  during  1877— 7S  serving  on  a  number  of 
committees,  and  as  chairman  of  that  on  manufac- 
tures. Affiliated  with  the  Congregational  church, 
he  has  been  a  delegate  to  four  triennial  national 
councils  and  one  international  council  of  Congrega- 
tional churches.  He  has  also  been  moderator  of 
the  annual  town  meeting  of  Ware  for  the  past 
thirty  years.  Mr.  Gilbert 's  success  may  be  said 
to  be  due  primarily  to  a  strict  and  uninterrupted 
attention  to  business,  his  one  aim  being  to  place 
his  firm  in  the  front  rank.  This  he  has  accom- 
plished by  strictly  conservative  methods,  so  that 
today  the  name  of  Gilbert  is  synonymous  with 
quality  and  reliability,  and  the  firm 's  prestige  is 
second  to  none.  Its  present  standing  is  a  per- 
sonal tribute  to  its  president's  untiring  zeal  and 
steadfast  devotion  to  its  interests.  Personally, 
Mr.  Gilbert  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect  not 
only  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives,  but  the 
larger  business  community  with  which  he  comes 
in  contact  as  well.  He  was  married  Dec.  21,  1864, 
to  Mary  D.  Lane.  For  portrait,  see  opposite  page 
348. 


HEES,  James  I/edlie,  banker  and  railroad 
official,  was  born  at  Palatine  Bridge,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
24,  1862,  son  of  Jacob  and  Frances  (Spraker) 
Hees.  His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
Johannes  Hees,  who  came  from  Holland  in  1766 
and  settled  in  the  Mohawk  Valley,  where  members 
of  the  family  held  important  positions  in  civic 
and  political  life,  serving  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  representing  their  districts  in  the  legislature. 
From  him  and  his  wife,  Eva  Copernoll,  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son,  Jacob,  a 
member  of  the  New  York  legislature  in  1S19  and 
1837,  and  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1821, 
and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Lipe;  and  their  son,  Abra- 
ham, a  prominent  attorney,  master  in  chancery  and 
U.  S.  commissioner,  and  his  wife,  Maria  Smith, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject.  His 
father,  Jacob  Hees,  was  for  many  years  a  highly 
respected  business  man  in  Fonda  anil  prominently 
identified  with  church  work.  James  Ledlie  Hees 
received  his  education  at  the  Fort  Plain  and  Pine 
Plains  (New  York)  institutes,  in  preparation  for  a 
college  course,  but  at  the  age  of  eighteen  accepted 
a  position  as  cashier  of  the  ship  chandlery  busi- 
ness of  James  D.  Spraker  and  as  assistant  pay- 
master of  the  Stariu  Transportation  Line,  in  New 
York  city.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  National  Mohawk  River  Bank,  Fon- 
da, N.  Y.,  which  had  been  founded  by  the  Spraker 
family  in  1S50,  was  appointed  teller,  later  cashier, 
and  in  1897  succeeded  his  grandfather,  Daniel 
Spraker,  as  president  of  that  institution,  and  still 
continues  in  that  capacity.  In  1892  he  became 
interested  in  the  syndicate  organized  for  building 
the  Cayadutta  Electric  Railroad  in  competition 
with  the  old  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville 
road,  operated  between  those  places;  Mr.  Hees  was 
elected  its  treasurer,  and  upon  its  completion  in 
1893,  the  same  syndicate  acquired  the  Fonda,  Johns- 
town &  Gloversville  Railroad,  and  he  was  elected 
treasurer  of  that  company.  Since  1897  he  has 
been  its  president.  The  roads  under  his  man- 
agement were  consolidated,  developed  and  extended 
to  Amsterdam  and  Schenectady.  In  1895  he  pur- 
chased the  horse  car  lines  connecting  Herkimer.  Mo- 
hawk, Ilion  and  Frankfort,  consolidated  and  elec- 
trified them,  and  subsequently  sold  the  road,  which 
had  become  very  successful,  to  the  New  York  State 
Railways  Syndicate.  He  has  been  identified,  since 
1892,  with  the  development  of  various  other  elec- 
tric railroad,  light  and  power  corporations  in  cen- 
tral New  York.  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Republican  party,  and  during  the  period  (1894- 
99)  when  his  brother-in-law,  Hon.  A.  B.  Colvin, 
was  state  treasurer  Mr.  Hees  served  as  deputy 
state  treasurer.  In  1912  he  was  elected  delegate  to 
the  national  Republican  convention  from  the  30th 
congressional  district  of  New  York,  and  was 
for  several  years  state  committeeman  for  Mont- 
gomery county.  He  resides  in  New  York  city 
during  part  of  the  winter,  and  his  summer  home 
is  "Heeswijk, "  at  Sacandaga,  in  the  lowar  Adi- 
rondacks,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Fonda,  Johnstown 
&  Gloversville  railroad.  His  clubs  are:  Metro- 
politan, New  York  Yacht,  Republican,  Calumet 
and  the  Automobile  Club  of  America  (New  York 
city)  ;  Sleepy  Hollow  Country  Club  (Scarborough, 
N.  Y.)  ;  and  several  social  clubs  in  central  New 
York.  He  was  married,  Oct.  12,  1^87,  to  Adela 
S.  Moore,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  they  adopted  a 
daughter,  Elizabeth  Ledlie  ("Betty")  Hees.  He 
was  married  (2)  to  Patricia  Lucile  Miller,  of 
Bridger,  Montana,  on  Jan.  18,  1919. 

WILLIAMS,  Frederick  Ballard,  artist,  was 
born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  21,  1871,  son  of 


350 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


John  K.  and  Jennie  C.  (Williams)  Williams.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Bloomfield 
and  Montclair,  N.  J.,  and  received  all  his  instruc- 
tion in  art  in  his  own  country  save  that  acquired 
through  visits  to  picture  galleries  abroad.  He  be- 
gan studying  art  at  night  at  Cooper  Union,  New 
York,  continuing  at  the  New  York  Institute  of 
Artists  and  Artisans,  at  that  time  conducted  by 
John  Ward  Stimson,  an  idealist,  whose  theories  on 
the  scientific  and  psychological  elements  of  beauty 
left  a  permanent  impression  on  his  pupil.  Later 
he  studied  in  the  school  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Design  under  Charles  Yardley  Turner  and  Ed- 
gar M.  Ward.  He  specializes  in  landscape  and 
figure  painting,  and  has  been  an  exhibitor  at  all 
important  art  exhibitions  in  the  United  States. 
His  paintings  are  like  those  of  the  old  school  in 
their  decorative  quality,  but  are  distinctly  modern 
in  their  spontaneity  and  feeling.  His  landscapes 
are  impressionistic  interpretations  rather  than 
realistic  renderings  of  nature.  The  element  of 
romance  is  strong  in  his  work,  particularly  the 
romance  of  nature  in  relation  to  man.  He  con- 
sequently introduces  figures  in  most  of  his  land- 
scapes, usually  women 's  figures,  which  dominate 
the  foreground  of  the  picture.  Said  Leila  Mechlin 
in  the  "International  Studio7':  "He  does  not 
attempt  to  interpret  the  more  intimate  moods  of 
nature,  but  transcribes  by  choice  its  enduring, 
normal  loveliness.  *  *  *  It  is  not  merely,  how- 
ever, a  matter  of  beauty,  but  of  romance — the 
romance  of  nature  in  relation  to  man  *  *  as 
viewed  humanly  with  the  cry  of  praise  to  the 
Creator,  neither  the  grain  fields  nor  the  wilderness, 
but  the  Paradise  open  to  man. ' '  This  inclination 
of  the  artist  led  to  the  introduction  of  figures  in 
his  landscapes — usually  fair  women — which  usual- 
ly dominate  their  foreground.  Mr.  Williams 's 
method  of  work  is  different  from  the  majority  of 
painters.  He  seeks  primarily  the  big  conception 
ami  then  subjective  interest  His  pictures  as  a 
rule  are  conceived  originally  in  color,  suggested 
perhaps  by  an  oriental  rug,  a  mass  of  drapery  or 
a  bit  of  nature.  The  sketch,  made  in  pencil  or 
chalk,  recording  this  conception,  is  invariably 
•without  more  than  suggested  form,  and  with  its 
completion  begins  the  real  study,  the  evolution  of 
the  design,  the  filling  in  of  the  figures  elaborately 
studied  from  the  living  model.  He  is  represented 
by  pictures  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art; 
the  National  Art  Gallery,  Washington;  the  Brook- 
lyn Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  St.  Louis 
Museum;  New  Britain  Art  Association;  Atlanta 
(Ga.)  Museum;  Hackley  Art  Museum;  Buffalo 
Fine  Arts  Academy,  and  in  many  prominent  pri- 
vate collections.  The  most  notable  of  his  can- 
vases are:  "In  the  Land  of  Heart's  Desire,"  in 
private  collection;  "The  Glade  Above  the  Sea," 
in  private  collection;  "The  Court  of  the  Be- 
lnvcd,"  in  private  collection;  "The  Ravine,"  in 
private  collection;  "Clearing  Weather — The  Dis- 
tinct Sea,"  in  St.  Louis  Museum;  "A  G-lade  by 
the  Sea,"  National  Gallery,  Washington;  "Chant 
d  'Amour, "  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences;  "Garret's  Mountain,"  owned  by  the 
Quinnipiac  Club,  New  Haven,  Conn. ;  ' '  Vivacetto, 
Buffalo  Fine  Arts  Academy.  He  was  awarded  a 
bronze  medal  at  the  Pan-American  exposition, 
Buffalo,  in  1901 ;  a  silver  medal  by  the  American 
Art  Society,  in  1902;  the  Inness  prize  by  the 
Salmagundi  Club,  in  1906,  and  the  Isador  gold 
medal  by  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  in 
1909,  in  "which  year  Mr.  Williams  also  became  a 
National  Academician.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Water  Color  Club,  the  National  Arts 


Club,  the  Lotos  Club,  and  the  Salmagundi  Club, 
of  which  he  was  president  during  1915-17.  He 
was  married  Oct.  16,  1901,  to  Marion  Gerry, 
daughter  of  John  Walcott  Duncan,  of  Bloomfield, 
N.  J.  Their  children  are:  Duncan  B.  and  Fred- 
erick Ballard  Williams,  Jr. 

COOKE,  George  Anderson,  jurist,  was  born  in 
New  Athens,  O.,  July  3,  1869,  son  of  Thomas 
and  Vanceline  (Downing)  Cooke.  George  A. 
Cooke  removed  to  Mercer  county,  Illinois,  after 
the  death  of  his  parents  in  1880.  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  the  Aledo  (111.)  High 
School,  and  at  Knox  College,  Galesburg,  111., 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1892.  Having  decided 
to  follow  the  legal  profession,  he  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1894.  He  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Aledo,  111.,  and  in 
1S96  formed  a  partnership  with  Guy  C.  Scott, 
which  lasted  for  four  years.  In  1902  Mr.  Cooke 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives of  Illinois  for  the  thirty-third  district,  and 
served  with  much  satisfaction  to  the  constituency 
for  four  years.  He  was  in  the  midst  of  a  suc- 
cessful law  practice  in  September,  1909,  when  the 
death  of  his  late  partner,  Chief  Justice  Scott, 
caused  a  vacancy  on  the  supreme  bench,  and  Mr. 
Cooke  was  elected  from  the  fourth  district  to  fill 
out  his  unexphed  term.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1912,  for  the  full  term  of  nine  years,  and  in  June 
of  the  following  year  became  chief  justice  of  the 
court,  according  to  the  regular  order,  for  the  years 
1913-14,  after  which  he  likewise  became  associate 
justice  again.  In  December,  1918,  he  resigned  as 
a  member  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  resignation 
to  take  effect  Dec.  31,  1918.  On  Jan.  1,  1919,  he 
became  associated  with  the  law  firm  of  Cooke, 
Sullivan  &  Kicks,  as  the  head  of  the  firm  with  of- 
fices in  the  First  National  Bank  building,  Chicago. 
He  has  since  been  engaged  in  legal  practice.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  and  Illinois  Bar  As- 
sociation, the  Beta  Theta  I'i  fraternity,  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  the  Elks,  the  Uni- 
versity and  Irocpuois  clubs  of  Chicago,  the  San- 
gamon  club  of  Springfield  and  the  Rock  Island 
Club.  He  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason,  a  Knight 
Templar  and  a  Shriner.  Justice  Cooke  was  mar- 
ried Oct.  20,  1S96,  to  Sarah  S.  Blee,  of  Aledo,  111. 

STILL  WELL,  Homer  Allison,  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Nineveh,  I'a.,  Dec.  31,  I860,  son  of  Addi- 
son  and  Rhoda  (Thompson)  stillwell.  His  ear- 
liest paternal  American  ancestor  was  Wm.  H. 
Stillwell,  who  came  from  England.  Addison  Still- 
well,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  civil  war  soldier 
in  McClelland 's  cavalry  and  died  of  pneumonia 
on  furlough.  Homer  A.  Stillwell  was  a  student 
at  the  University  of  Illinois  during  1878-81.  In 
1882  he  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he  entered  the 
service  of  Butler  Bros.,  wholesale  merchants,  start- 
ing at  the  bottom  and  passing  through  all  stages 
from  the  packing  room  to  the  presidency.  He 
was  made  general  manager  in  1891,  a  director  in 
1902,  vice-president  in  1907,  and  president  in  1914, 
continuing  in  the  latter  capacity  until  his  death. 
He  was  a  man  of  wide  and  varied  activities,  and 
from  time  to  time  became  connected  with  various 
other  commercial  as  well  as  industrial  and  financial 
undertakings.  At  his  death  he  was  a  director  in 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co., 
Merchants  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  and  the  National 
City  Bank,  Chicago.  He  was  president  of  the  Chi- 
cago Association  of  Commerce;  member  executive 
committee  Chicago  chapter  American  Red  Cross 
Society;  past  secretary  (1909)  and  past  treasurer 
(1917)  Commercial  Club,  Chicago;  director 
(1909-11)  Union  League  Club,  and  member  also 


.    • 


2 


s^ 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


351 


of  the  Mid-Day,  Chicago,  Onwentsia,  University, 
Press,  Traffic,  Bankers'  Club  of  N.  Y.  City,  Old 
Elm,  Illini,  and  Lake  Geneva  Country  clubs,  Chi- 
cago, and  of  the  Pennsylvania  Society  of  Chicago. 
Politically  he  was -a  Republican,  and  he  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  From 
the  beginning  of  the  European  war  he  took  a 
deep  interest  in  all  relief  work  and  kindred  activ- 
ities, and  was  particularly  pleased  with  the  serv- 
ice in  that  war  of  his  sons.  Mr.  Stillwell  's  re- 
markable discernment  in  anticipating  needs  and 
demands  in  the  furtherance  of  the  great  mercan- 
tile concern  of  which  he  was  the  head  was  par- 
ticularly noteworthy.  He  had  great  business 
acumen  and  marked  executive  and  initiative  abil- 
ity. He  was  essentially  a  man  of  action  and  cir- 
cumspection and  was  at  all  times  ready  to  take  any 
part  assigned  to  him.  He  was  thorough  and  pain- 
staking in  all  things,  guided  with  strong  resource,- 
fulness  the  many  enterprises  with  which  he  identi- 
fied himself,  and  ordered  his  life  on  the  highest 
plane  of  integrity  and  honor,  so  that  the  natural 
reflex  was  the  inviolable  confidence  and  esteem 
icposed  in  him  by  all  who  came  within  his  sphere 
of  influence.  His  character  was  positive,  individual, 
indomitable.  Though  never  a  seeker  of  political 
office  or  desirous  of  entering  the  turmoil  of  prac- 
tical politics,  he  was  a  staunch  and  effective  ex- 
ponent of  party  principles,  and  had  figured  in  the 
councils  of  his  party  in  Cook  county.  He  had 
naught  of  bigotry  or  intolerance.  He  placed  true 
valuations  upon  men  and  things,  was  buoyant  and 
optimistic,  and  his  urbanity  and  kindliness  never 
wavered.  His  sympathy  was  shown  in  kindly 
thoughts  and  worthy  deeds  and  no  man  was  ever 
more  free  from  ostentation.  He  was  married  in 
St.  Loons,  Mo.,  Mar.  1,  18S7,  to  Ellen  Hill,  of  St. 
Louis;  she  survives  him,  with  two  children:  Ad- 
dison,  president  Stillwell  Lumber  Co.,  Chicago,  and 
Wellesley  Stillwell,  both  ensigns,  TJ.  S.  navy,  in 
the  war"  with  Germany.  He  died  at  his  summer 
home  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  June  23,  1918. 

MATHER,  Robert,  financier  and  railroad  of- 
ficial, was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  July  1, 
1859,  son  of  James  and  Margaret  (Holt)  Mather. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and 
settled  first  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  later  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  where  he  pursued  his  trade  of  cabinet- 
maker. Robert  Mather  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  of  Galesburg,  111.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  obtained  employment  in  a  factory  which  made 
telegraph  instruments  and  switchboard  apparatus. 
Later  he  entered  the  office  of  the  master  mechanic 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Co., 
meanwhile  studying  assiduously  during  his  spare 
time,  so  that  by  1877  he  was  able  to  enter  Knox 
College.  He  was  graduated  in  1882  and  obtained 
the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1885.  For  three  years  he  was 
in  the  treasurer's  office  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  railroad.  In  1886  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Illinois  bar.  He  was  appointed  local  attorney 
at  Chicago  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railway  Co.  in  1889  and  two  years  later  became 
assistant  general  attorney  and  second  rice-presi- 
dent. In  1902  he  was  made  general  counsel  and  in 
1904  became  first  vice-president,  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee  and  president  of  the  Rock 
Island  Co.  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  elected  third 
vice-president  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
railroad  in  1903,  becoming  first  vice-president  in 
the  following  year.  He  was  also  first  vice-president 
of  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad  and  the 
Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  railroad  and  chairman 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Colorado  railroad.  When  the  Westing- 


house  Electric  &  Manufacturing  Co.  was  reorgan- 
ized in  January,  1909,  and  the  control  passed  from 
the  hands  of  George  Westinghouse,  Mr.  Mather 
was  elected  chairman  of  its  board  of  directors,  a 
position  which  he  held  until  his  death.  In  1910 
he  attracted  much  attention  by  his  testimony  be- 
fore the  Railroad  Securities  Commission  in  New 
York  city,  suggesting  that  if  the  government  under- 
took to  regulate  the  railroad  rates  it  should  also 
help  the  railroads  in  maintaining  their  credit  and 
developing  their  facilities  to  the  extent  to  which 
such  maintenance  and  development  might  be  ham- 
pered by  the  curtailment  in  their  earnings  due  to 
governmental  rate  regulation.  Besides  the  offices 
already  mentioned  Mr.  Mather  was  president  of 
the  La  Grange  Mining  Co.,  vice-president  of  the 
S.  S.  McClure  Co.,  and  a  director  of  the  La  Grange 
Mining  Co.,  S.  S.  McClure  Co.,  Equitable  Life  As- 
surance Society  of  the  United  States,  Mercantile 
Trust  Co.,  Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.,  Westing- 
house  Lamp  Co.,  Canadian  Westinghouse  Co.,  R.  D. 
Nuttall  Co.,  Niagara,  Lockport  &  Ontario  Power 
Co.,  Perkins  Electric  Switch  Manufacturing  Co., 
Bryant  Electric  Co.,  National  Bank  of  the  Repub- 
lic, of  Chicago,  and  Rock  Island  &  El  Paso  Rail- 
way Co.  He  was  also  general  counsel  of  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad  Co.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  bar  associations  of  Illinois  and  Chicago,  the 
Chicago  Club,  and  the  Union  League,  Law,  Metro- 
politan, Racquet  and  Tennis,  Westchester  County, 
City  Mid-day,  Railroad,  and  Lawyers'  clubs  of 
New  York.  In  1907  Knox  College  conferred  on  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  He  was  married  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  April  23,  1892,  to  Alice  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Horatio  Jell,  of  Walkerville,  Canada, 
and  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct,  24,  1911.  (Por- 
trait opposite  page  352.) 

LAMPERT,  Nelson  Norman,  banker,  was 
born  at  Newton,  Wis.,  Mar.  19,  1872,  son  of 
Barthlomew  and  Mary  (Stork)  Lampert.  His 
father  was  a  Methodist  minister.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Garfield  Grammar  School  in  Chicago, 
and  began  his  career  in  the  financial  world  as 
messenger  in  Ft.  Dearborn  National  Bank  of  Chi- 
cago in  1888.  He  rose  steadily  through  various  posi- 
tions, until  in  1904  he  became  a  director  and 
vice-president,  which  office  he  held  until  the  close 
of  his  life.  He  was  also  a  director  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Fort  Dearborn  Trust  and  Savings 
Bank.  He  served  two  terms  on  the  executive 
council  of  the  American  Bankers  Association, 
was  a  member  of  the  finance  committee,  and  was 
chairman  of  its  committee  on  disbursements  and 
efficiency  in  1916.  Mr.  Lampert  was  a  public 
spirited  man,  one  of  whom  the  banking  world 
was  proud.  He  belonged  to  that  class  of  broad- 
minded  business  men  who  regarded  good  business 
conditions  and  a  healthy  atmosphere  in  politics 
as  inseparable,  and  he  was  interested  in  every- 
thing that  pertained  to  the  well-being  of  the 
city.  He  was  a  33d  degree  Mason;  past  master 
and  treasurer  of  Garden  City  Lodge,  No.  141, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M. ;  past  thrice  illustrious  master 
Tyrian  council,  No.  78,  Royal  and  Select  Mas- 
ters; past  commander  Apollo  Commandery,  No. 
1,  Knights  Templar;  past  wise  master,  Gourgas 
Chapter  of  Rose  Croix  (17th  and  18th  degree); 
past  potentate  Medinah  Temple,  Ancient  Arabic 
Order  of  the  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine;  and 
treasurer  of  the  31st  Triennial  Conclave  of 
Knights  Templars  held  in  Chicago  in  1910.  He 
was  former  president  of  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners of  Lincoln  Park;  was  president  of  the 
Bankers  Club  in  1914 ;  served  as  treasurer  and 
director,  vice-president  and  president  of  the  Chi- 


352 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


cago  Athletic  Association;  was  formerly  treas- 
urer, chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  and 
director  of  the  Hamilton  Club;  and  member  of 
the  t'nion  League,  Smith  Shore  Country,  Forty, 
Chicago  Yacht,  and  Glen  View  Golf  clubs.  He 
was  married  June  2S,  1010,  to  Mettie,  daughter 
of  James  W.  Tiiohv,  of  Chicago,  by  whom 
he  is  survived,  with  one  child :  Nelson  Norman 
Lampert,  Jr.  He  died  at  Excelsior  Springs,  Mo., 
Oct.  30,  1918. 

ALBA,  Peter  F.,  soldier  and  capitalist,  was 
born  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  February  13,  1835,  son 
of  John  and  Eugenia  Alba.  In  his  veins  there 
ran  the  blood  of  one  of  the  proudest  Castilian 
families,  his  ancestors  having  been  men  of  rank, 
and  famed  for  their  courage.  His  earliest  pater- 
nal American  ancestor  was  San  Pedro  d'Alba, 
who  came  from  Spain  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
17th  century  and  settled  at  Pensacola.  John  Alba, 
his  father,  was  mayor  of  Pensacola,  and  while  in 
that  office  was  assassinated  by  a  notorious  desper- 
ado who  was  hanged  for  the  crime.  The  step  father 
nf  I'eter  F.  Alba  took  him  to  Mobile,  Ala.,  where 
he  received  his  preliminary  education  in  public 
and  private  schools,  subsequently  becoming  a  stu- 
dent at  Spring  Hill  College.  Even  then  the  rest- 
less spirit  of  the  soldier  and  adventurer  possessed 
him,  and  he  ran  away  from  college  to  fight 
Indians  in  the  West.  He  joined  the  celebrated 
band  of  plainsmen  and  Indian  fighters  known  as 
the  1".  S.  Rangers,  participating  in  many  a  wild 
adventure  and  bloody  encounter.  At  this  period 
the  Hangers  were  commanded  by  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston  (q.v.),  destined  to  gain  additional  fame 
as  a  gallant  leader  of  the  Confederacy,  while  the 
famous  Robert  E.  Lee  (q.v.)  was  lieutenant- 
colonel.  Other  officers  of  the  command  were  Kirby 
Smith  (q.v.),  Fitzhugh  Lee  (q.v.),  Joseph  E.  John- 
ston (q.v.)  and  ''Jack''  Hayes.  While  with  this 
command  he  witnessed  a  hand-to-hand  encounter 
between  Fitzhugh  Lee  and  the  Indian  chief,  Yel- 
low Hand,  in  which  the  latter  was  slain.  In  the 
same  campaign  Capt.  Alba  received  his  first  wound, 
while  taking  part  in  the  battle  with  the  Comanchea 
at  Jungle  Hollow.  Capt.  Alba's  account  of  the  bat- 
tle, in  which  he  saved  the  life  of  Col.  Lee,  is  quite 
worthy  of  a  place  in  history.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  in  1S60  with  high  praise  for  his  gal- 
lantry and  distinguished  soldierly  qualities.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  lost  no  time  in 
casting  his  lot  with  the  Confederacy,  and  at  the 
beginning  was  commissioned  an  officer  in  the 
cavalry,  serving  through  the  war  with  honor  and 
distinction.  In  Mobile,  where  he  resided  after 
the  war,  he  attained  a  reputation  as  a  horse- 
trainer,  and  he  maintained  a  continual  crusade 
against  the  cruelty  of  the  check-rein,  never  using 
one  himself.  He  served  on  the  staffs  of  numerous 
Alabama  governors.  His  business  career  was 
confined  mostly  to  real  estate  speculation  and 
horse  training.  He  was  a  member  of  the  famous 
' '  Can 't  Get  Away  Club, ' '  besides  many  social 
organizations.  He  was  always  active  in  the  de- 
velopment of  his  section.  He  stood  high  in  the 
esteem  of  men  like  Kirby  Smith,  Fitzhugh  Lee  and 
Jefferson  Davis  (q.v.)  and  until  the  end  of  their 
lives  he  received  warm  personal  letters  from 
them.  His  death  marked  the  passing  of  one  of 
the  picturesque  figures  of  the  old  South.  Mrs. 
Lloyd  E.  Warner,  of  Mobile  and  Coden,  a  grand- 
daughter, survives  him.  He  died  at  Mobile,  Ala., 
Dec.  22,  1915. 

DEAN,  Luther  Lyon,  merchant,  manufacturer 
and  banker,  was  born  at  Port  Jackson  (now  a  part 
of  Amsterdam),  N.  Y.,  June  8,  1842,  son  of 


Daniel  and  Anna  Eliza  (Lyon)  Dean,  and  grand- 
son of  Bethuel  and  Margaret  (Phillips)  Dean,  the 
latter  among  the  early  settlers  of  Florida,  N.  Y. 
Luther  L.  Dean  received  his  education  in  the  dis- 
trict schools  and  at  Amsterdam  Academy.  Early 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  he,  at  the  age  of 
fourteen,  entered  the  dry  goods  store  of  Gardiner 
Blood,  Amsterdam,  and  served  four  years  as  clerk, 
and  during  the  ensuing  four  years  was  bookkeeper 
in  the  Farmers'  Bank,  Amsterdam.  Later  he  asso- 
ciated himself  with  Alonzo  A.  DeForest,  then  a 
fellow  bank  clerk,  and  they  purchased  the  hard- 
ware stock  of  J.  Warring  &  Son,  Amsterdam.  He 
assumed  entire  charge  of  this  business,  and  under 
his  management  it  rapidly  increased.  About  a 
year  later  his  partner  sold  his  interest  to  David 
McCowatt,  the  firm  name  becoming  Dean  &  Mc- 
Cowatt.  Within  two  years  the  business  had  in- 
creased from  ten  to  thirty  thousand  dollars  per 
year,  but  as  the  young  partners  were  unable  to 
secure  a  renewal  of  their  lease,  a  sale  was  made 
back  to  Warring  &  Son,  and  Mr.  Dean,  in  1S68, 
purchased  the  hardware  stock  of  E.  T.  Leaven- 
worth,  and  associated  with  himself  James  P.  Vis- 
scher,  under  the  firm  name  of  Dean  &  Visscher. 
In  1S76  the  firm  became  L.  L.  Dean  &  Co.,  and  in 
1882  he  sold  out.  In  1883,  in  association  with 
W —  —  R.  McCowatt,  he  purchased  the  plant  of 
the  Metropolitan  knitting  mill  and  began  opera- 
tions under  the  name  of  McCowatt  &  Dean.  They 
cold  out  in  1886  at  a  profit.  In  the  same  year  he 
formed  a  new  partnership  with  his  relatives, 
James  T.  Clark  and  Isaac  E.  Lyon,  fitted  up  an- 
other mill  with  knitting  machinery  of  the  first 
class,  gave  the  business  the  name  of  the  Park 
Knitting  Mills,  incorporated  as  L.  L.  Dean  & 
Co.  He  was  a  founder  and  director  of  the  Amster- 
dam City  National  Bank,  and  a  founder  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Amsterdam  Savings  Bank,  which 
at  his  death  had  deposits  aggregating  half  a  mil- 
lion dollars.  He  was  a  factor  in  every  movement 
looking  toward  the  betterment  of  Amsterdam. .  For 
three  years  he  was  trustee  of  the  village;  was  as- 
sessor for  a  similar  period,  and  a  factor  in  creating 
the  sewer  commission  of  Amsterdam,  as  well  as  in 
floating  the  city  bonds  nt  a  low  interest  rate.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  and  directors  of  the 
Amsterdam  board  of  trade,  and  of  the  Amsterdam 
library  association,  and  he  was  treasurer  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  and  president,  at  three  differ- 
ent times,  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion. He  was  an  elder  in  the  First  Reformed 
Church  for  forty  years,  and  superintendent  of  its 
Sunday  school  for  fourteen  years.  He  married  at 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  June  17,  1863,  Mary  S.,  daugh- 
ter of  James  A.  Clark,  a  carpenter,  of  Amsterdam; 
she  survives  him  with  one  child:  Fanny,  who  be- 
came the  wife  of  Charles  E.  French,  Amsterdam. 
He  died  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Dee.  7,  1912. 

SHEIVER,  T[homas]  Herbert,  manufacturer 
and  capitalist,  was  born  at  T'nion  Mills,  Md.,  Feb. 
19,  1846,  son  of  William  and  Mary  M.  J.  (Owings) 
Shriver,  and  member  of  one  of  the  strongest  fam- 
ilies of  German  descent  in  America.  The  original 
patronym  was  Schreiber,  and  the  family  traces  its 
history  to  the  early  part  of  the  13th  century.  The 
Maryland  family  derives  its  descent  in  unbroken 
line  from  Lorenz  Schreiber,  a  native  of  Alsen- 
born  Electorate  Palatine,  Oberamt  Lautern,  Ger- 
many. David  Shriver  settled  in  Carroll  county, 
Md.,  prior  to  1769.  From  him  and  his  wife  Re- 
becca Ferree  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  to  their 
son  Andrew  Shriver,  who  was  the  grandfather  of 
T.  Herbert  Shriver.  Various  members  of  the 
Maryland  family,  sons  oi  David  and  of  Andrew, 


ROBERT  MATHER 
FINANCIER 


NELSON  X.  LAM  PERT 
BANKER 


PETER  F.  ALBA 
SOLDIER 


LUTHER  L.  DEAN 
MERCHANT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


353 


were  prominent  in  public  life,  especially  as  build- 
ers of  the  early  national  roads,  canals  and  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  while  others  became 
noted  as  shipping  and  steamship  merchants  in 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  New  York.  William 
Shriver,  father  of  the  subject,  was  farmer  and 
miller,  also  organizer  and  director  of  the  Reisters- 
town  (Md.)  Baltimore  Turnpike  Co.  T.  Herbert 
Shriver  received  his  education  in  public  schools 
and  under  the  preceptorship  of  private  tutors.  He 
was  preparing  for  college  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war.  Three  days  before  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg, in  1S63,  he  joined  Stuart 's  celebrated  cav- 
alry division  of  Lee 's  army  as  it  was  passing 
through  his  native  town  enroute  to  Pennsylvania  ; 
participated  in  this  first  conflict  of  arms  on  north- 
ern soil,  and  in  subsequent  engagements  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  Because  of  his  youth, 
however,  he  was  detailed  as  a  student  in  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institute,  and  became  a  member  of 
that  famous  cadet  corps  which  won  undying  glory 
in  the  last  year  of  the  war,  and  in  the  battle  of 
New  Market  made  a  record  unsurpassed  by  thr 
veteran  soldiers  of  either  army.  In  1882  he  received 
his  diploma  from  this  institution,  conferred  upon 
all  who  had  been  in  the  fight  at  New  Market.  IB 
the  ardor  of  his  youth  he  conceived  a  desire  to 
study  for  the  ministry  and  to  labor  with  his 
friend,  afterwards  Cardinal  Gibbons,  in  North 
Carolina,  which  was  then  the  most  unpromising 
mission  in  the  United  States.  But  in  the  course 
of. his  studies  his  health  failed  and  he  was  obliged 
to  relinquish  his  cherished  ideas.  After  the  war 
he  took  up  commercial  pursuits  in  Baltimore;  filled 
various  clerical  positions  for  some  years,  and  was 
a  traveling  salesman.  Eventually  he  became  a  suc- 
cessful farmer,  miller  and  banker.  His  chief  in- 
terest was  in  the  firm  of  B.  F.  Shriver  Co.,  which 
he  organized  with  his  brother,  B.  F.  Shriver, 
and  of  which  he  was  president  from  its 
incorporation  in  1904,  until  his  death.  This  firm 
conducted  a  great  chain  of  factories,  principally 
in  Maryland,  for  canning  fruits  and  vegetables. 
He  was  president  of  the  Westminster  (Md.)  Hard- 
ware Co.,  president  of  the  Union  Mills  Savings 
Bank,  first  vice-president  from  its  organization  of 
the  Westminster  Deposit  &  Trust  Co.,  and  for  years 
a  director  in  the  Democratic  Advocate  Publishing 
Co.,  Westminster,  and  a  member  of  the  advisory 
board  of  the  National  ('aimers'  Insurance  Co.,  of 
Chicago.  During  1878-80  he  was  a  member 
of  the  general  assembly  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
Maryland  legislature,  and  in  1884  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate.  In  1888  he  became  deputy 
collector  of  the  port  of  Baltimore,  and  had  been 
frequently  spoken  of  as  Democratic  candidate  for 
the  nomination  for  governor  of  Maryland.  He 
served  on  the  staffs  of  Govs.  Lloyd  and  Jackson. 
In  1908  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  Demo- 
cratic convention.  He  was  grand  knight  of  his 
lodge,  Knights  of  Columbus,  and  liberal  in  his  con- 
tributions to  many  Catholic  charities.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  at  his  splendid  country  place 
at  Union  Mills,  and  there  the  primate  of  the 
American  Catholic  church,  the  friend  of  his  boy- 
hood, was  a  frequent  visitor  up  to  the  time  of  the 
death  of  the  subject.  In  every  relation  of  life 
Gen.  Shriver  lived  up  to  the  highest  standard.  He 
filled  honorable  positions  with  fidelity  and  won  the 
general  esteem  of  the  people  among  whom  his  life 
had  been  spent,  as  well  as  of  all  those  who  came 
within  his  sphere  of  influence.  He  was  married 
Feb.  16,  1880,  to  Elizabeth  R.,  daughter  of  Robert 
Lawson.  a  distinguished  merchant,  of  Baltimore; 
Mrs.  Shriver  died  on  March  21,  1886.  There  are 


four  children:  Hilda,  who  married  Robert  S. 
Shriver;  Joseph  N.,  Robert  T.,  and  William  H. 
Shriver.  Thomas  Herbert  Shriver  died  at  Union 
Mills,  Md.,  Jan.  1,  1917. 

DAY,  Stephen  Albion,  lawyer,  Was  born  at 
Canton,  O.,  July  l.'i,  1882,  son  of  William  Rufus 
ami  Mary  Elizabeth  (Schaefer)  Day.  His  ma- 
ternal great-grandfather,  Rufus  P.  Spalding  (q.v.), 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  Ohio,  and  his 
great-great-grandfather,  Zephaniah  Swift  (q.v.), 
was  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Connec- 
ticut, and  author  of  Swift's  "Digest."  His 
grandfather,  Luther  Day,  was  chief  justice  of 
Ohio.  William  Rufus  Day  (q.v.),  father  of  our 
subject,  is  an  associate  justice  of  the  U.  S.  su- 
preme court,  and  was  secretary  of  state  during  the 
administration  of  Pres.  McKinley.  Stephen  A. 
Day  was  educated  at  the  University  School, 
Cleveland,  O.,  at  the  Asheville  (N.  C.")  School, 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in  1905.  During 
1905-07  he  served  as  private  secretary  to  Chief 
Justice  Melville  W.  Fuller,  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States.  In  the  latter  year 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Ohio  bar  and  practiced 
in  Cleveland,  O.,  as  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Solders,  Thayer,  Mansfield  &  Day.  During  1908- 
12  he  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Pain,  Kurd 
&  Day,  of  Chicago,  111.  Thereafter,  from  1912  to 
1914,  he  practiced  alone.  Since  May  1,  1914,  he 
has  been  the  law  partner  of  Judge  Peter  S.  Gross 
cup  (q.v.),  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Day  devotes  special 
attention  to  federal  court  matters  and  corpora- 
tion organization  and  reorganization,  and  is  gen- 
eral counsel  for  numerous  large  companies,  among 
them  Dawes  Bros.,  Inc.  He  was  counsel  for  Major 
Ray  in  the  Federal  Courts  and  before  the  United 
States  Senate  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  the 
constitutional  power  of  the>  congress  in  the  regu- 
lation of  the  land  and  naval  forces,  as  opposed 
to  the  extension  of  the  power  of  the  Executive 
under  the  constitutional  power  of  relating  to  ap- 
pointments. The  result  of  this  case  was  a  reaffirm 
ation  of  the  power  of  Congress  in  its  entirety,  and 
formed  the  basis  for  the  military  code  often  re- 
ferred to  as  the  Chamberlain  Bill.  Major  Raj- 
had  been  promoted  to  his  rank  under  the  senority 
rule  but  failed  of  confirmation  in  the  Senate  at 
the  expiration  of  the  term  of  President  Taft. 
President  Wilson  refused  to  recognize  the  claims 
of  Major  Ray,  and  the  above  mentioned  litigation 
followed.  In  1917  he  published  a  revised  and 
annotated  edition  of  ' '  Zoline  on  Federal  Appellate 
Jurisdiction  and  Procedure  in  All  Courts  of  the 
United  States. ' '  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar  Association. 
Illinois  Bar  Association,  Chicago  Bar  Association, 
Chicago  Law  Institute;  was  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Industrial  Peace  League  in  1917 ;  ami  is 
a  member  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  college  fraternity. 
His  clubs  are:  Union  League  and  Hamilto'u 
of  Chicago.  His  favorite  recreation  is  hunting. 
He  was  married,  Nov.  14,  1905,  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Judge  A.  A.  Thayer,  of  Cleveland,  6.,  and  has 
four  children:  Mary.  Elizabeth,  Helen  and  Ste- 
phanie Day.  (Portrait  opposite  page  354.) 

GUDGELL,  Charles,  stock  raiser  and  capital- 
ist, was  born  near  Sharpsburg,  Bath  co.,  K.V., 
Feb.  10,  1847,  son  of  Joseph  and  Louisa  (Groves) 
Gudgell.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  stock  raiser 
and  dealer,  specializing  in  mules  and  hogs. 
Charles  Gudgell  received  his  education  at  Sharps- 
burg  Academy  and  the  Kentucky  University  at 
Lexington,  but  was  compelled  to  leave  college  in 
his  second  year  on  account  of  poor  health.  He 


354 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


then  returned  to  bis  father's  farm,  and  later 
engag"d  in  stock  rai-ing  in  association  with 
Thomas  A.  (Simpson,  iealing  in  horses,  mules 
;:nd  hoys.  In  ls7n  he  removed  to  Kansas  City, 
-Md.,  as  a  partner  in  the  banking  firm  of  I).  O. 
Smart  \  (  o.,  which  bank  was  liquidated  in  1874, 
[inying  off  all  depositors.  Subsequently  he  be- 
came interested  in  the  range  cattle  business  of 
Towers  &  uudgell,  operating  and  maintaining 
ranges  in  Colorado,  Oklahoma  and  Montana, 
ii'itil  ]  V.M.I.  Meanwhile,  in  Is76,  he  went  to 
'  i-ant  Hills,  Mo.,  t:nd  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  herd  of  Hereford  cattle,  the  first  in  the 
Missouri  valley,  and  in  l.vsu,  in  partnership  with 
his  brother,  James  R.  Gudgell  and  Thomas 
A.  Simpson,  under  the  firm  style  of  Gudgell  & 
Simpson,  began  importing  Hereford  and  Aber- 
deen Angus  cattle  from  England  and  Scotland. 
He  took  great  pleasure  in  the  planning  and  de- 
veloping of  his  ideals  as  a  breeder  of  pure  bred 
cattle.  The  Herefords  from  their  farms  were 
the  top  of  the  breed,  and  considered  standard. 
In  ].'-s:;  he  settled  at  Independence,  Mo.  For 
years  he  conducted  the  affairs  of  the  Hereford 
Association,  and  the  herd  books  were  kept  at 
his  home.  At  the  dispersion  sale  held  in  the 
spring  of  1916  the  stock  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
averaged  over  $500.  Aside  from  his  breeding 
interests  lie  was  one  of  the  chief  owners  of  the 
rirst  electric  lighting  plant  established  at  Inde- 
pendence. His  private  residence  was  one  of  the 
show  places  of  the  city.  He  was  a  communicant 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  and  his  politi- 
cal affiliation  was  with  the  Democratic  party.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Hereford  Cattle 
Breeder's  Association,  the  English  Herd  Book 
Society  and  of  the  Aberdeen  Angus  Cattle  So- 
ciety of  Scotland.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  the  society  of  family  and  friends  and  he 
was  also  a  great  lover  of  flowers.  His  citizen- 
ship was  of  the  highest  type,  his  personality 
impressive  and  his  influence  wide;  and  the 
recognition  of  his  integrity,  of  his  rectitude 
of  life,  of  his  ever  present  sense  'of  justice  and 
honor,  was  universal.  He  was  married  at  Sharps- 
burg,  Ky.,  Nov.  IS,  1870  to  Laura  Belle,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Whaley,  a  landowner  of  Bath 
county,  Ky. ;  she  survives  him  with  three  chil- 
dren: Lu  Belle,  wife  of  Henry  S.  Boice,  Pasa- 
dena, Cal. ;  Frank  O.,  a  stockman  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  Charles  D.,  a  stockman  of  Norton, 
Kan.  He  died  at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  Sept.  30,  1916. 
WALCOTT,  Frederic  Collin,  banker  and  man- 
ufacturer, was  born  at  New  York  Mills,  near 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  19,  1869,  son  of  William  Stuart 
and  Emma  Alice  (Welch)  Walcott,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Captain  Jonathan  Wallcutt,  whose  par- 
ents came  from  England  and  settled  at  Salem, 
Mass.  From  this  founder  of  the  family  in  Ameri- 
ca, win.  died  in  1699,  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  third  son,  William,  who  married  Marx- 
Felt ;  their  first  son,  Benjamin,  who  married  Mary 
Foster;  their  second  son,  Benjamin  Stuart,  who 
married  Mercy  Dexter;  their  first  sou,  Benjamin 
Stuart,  who  married  Irene  Doolittle;  their  first 
son,  William  1  'exter,  who  married  Hannah  Hub- 
bard,  and  their  first  son,  William  Stuart,  who 
married  Emma  Welch,  and  was  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  biography.  Frederic  C.  Walcott 
received  a  thorough  classical  education  at  the 
Lawrenceville  (N.  J.)  School  and  at  Phillips 
Andover  Academy,  where  he  was  graduated  in 
1887  and  at  Yale  I'niversity,  where  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1891.  At  college  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  Society  and  the  Skull 


and  Bones,  serving  as  president  of  the  University 
Athletic  Association  during  1890^91.  Mr.  Wal- 
cott spent  the  year  after  graduation  in  a  pleasure 
trip  around  the  world.  From  1892  until  I'.mT  lie 
was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  cloth. 
working  his  way  through  all  of  the  departments 
of  the  New  York  Mills  Company,  founded  by  his 
great-great-grandfather,  Benjamin  Stuart  Wal- 
cott, in  1813.  In  1905  he  succeeded  his  father  as 
president.  In  1907  he  settled  in  New  York.  He 
was  identified  with  the  re-organization  of  the 
Knickerbocker  Trust  Company,  of  which  he  be- 
came vice-president  upon  its  resumption  in  1908. 
In  the  following  year  he  entered  the  banking  firm 
of  William  P.  Bonbright  <!>:  Company.  Mr.  Walcott 
is  president  of  the  Waleott  A.  Campbell  Spinning 
Company,  and  the  Equitable  Warehousing  Com- 
pany, both  of  New  York  Mills;  vice-president  of 
the  Arizona  Power  Company,  the  Central  Colorado 
Power  Co.,  and  the  Cobalt  Hvdraulic  Power  Com- 
pany, and  a  director  of  the  National  Carbon  Com- 
pany, the  American  Power  r.nd  Light  Co.,  and  the 
Kellogg  Lumber  Company,  as  well  as  of  various 
power  and  lighting  companies  in  the  United  States 
and  Mexico,  and  of  The  Guantanamo  and  Western 
R.  E.  Co.  of  Cuba.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  Gotham 
Hotel  and  the  New  Weston  Hotel,  both  of  New 
York  city.  Mr.  Walcott  is  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Colonial  Wars,  of  the  Yale,  University 
and  Eailroad  clubs  of  New  York  city,  the  Grad- 
uates' Club  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  the  Engle- 
wood  Club  and  Englewood  Country  Club.  He  was 
married  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  14,  1899,  to 
Frances  Dana,  daughter  of  John  D.  Archbolu. 
His  wife  died  four  months  later  in  Japan.  He  was 
again  married,  Apr.  3,  1907,  to  Mary  Hussey, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Murray  Guthrie,  of  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

ABBOTT,  Edville  Gerhardt,  physician,  was 
born  at  Hancock,  Me.,  Nov.  6,  1871,  sou  of  Alonzo 
Abbott,  whose  parents  died  in  his  infancy  and 
who  -was  adopted  by  Shimuch  Abbott  in  1834, 
and  Maria  B.  (Mercer)  Abbott.  His  first  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Aquila  Chase,  a  descendant  of 
Sir  William  Chase,  of  Chesham,  England,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Court  of  King  Henry  the  VIII.  Dr. 
Abbott  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Hancock  and  the  East  Maine  Conference  Sem- 
inary, and  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1896;  two  years  later  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
pro  merito.  Taking  up  the  study  of  medicine  at 
the  Maine  Medical  School,  he  was  graduated  there 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1898.  After  serving 
one  year  as  house  physician  at  the  Maine  General 
Hospital,  he  spent  one  year  in  hospitals  of  Boston 
and  New  York,  and  made  a  special  study  of 
orthopedic  surgery  under  the  most  eminent  spec- 
ialists in  Europe,  being  a  student  at  the  Friedrieh 
William  I'niversity  in  Berlin,  Germany,  1900  and 
1901.  Returning  home  Dr.  Abbott  opened  an  office 
in  Portland,  Me.,  making  a  specialty  of  orthopedic 
surgery.  Through  his  instrumentality  the  Chil- 
dren's Hospital  of  Portland,  Me.,  was  established 
in  liMis,  under  his  management  as  surgeon-in-chief. 
It  is  devoted  solely  to  the  free  treatment  of  de- 
formity and  lameness  of  children.  He  has  con- 
tributed a  number  of  thoughtful  papers  to  the 
leading  medical  journals  on  subjects  related  to 
orthopedic  surgery,  the  most  notable  being  "  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  Synovial  Fringes  of  the  Knee 
Joint,"  in  "The  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association"  (1903)  ;  "Osteosarcoma  of  the  Knee- 
Joint"  (with  Dr.  Thomas  J.  Burrage),  in  the  Bos- 
ton "Medical  and  Surgical  Journal"  (1908); 
"  The  Ambulatory  Treatment  of  Hip-Joint  Disease" 


STEPHEN"  A.  DAY 
LAWYER 


CHARLES  GUDGELL 
STOCK  RAISER 


FREDERIC  C.  WALCOTT 
BANKER 


EDVILLE  G.  ABBOTT 
PHYSICIAN 


JOHN  H.  AMES 
INVENTOR 


JOHN"  L.  LITTLE 
JURIST 


NATHAN  B.  BA.ITON 
MANUFACTURER 


JOSEPH  L.  NICHOLS 
I'lIYSIClAX  AND   SURGEON 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


355 


(with  Dr.  H.  A.  Pingree),  in  "The  Journal  of  the 
American  Medical  Association"  (1908),  and  "The 
Restoration  of  the  Normal  Balance  of  the  Foot" 
(with  Dr.  H.  A.  Pingree),  in  the  "New  York  Medi- 
cal Journal"  (190S).  Dr.  Abbott  is  also  ortho- 
pedic surgeon  to  the  Maine  General  Hospital,  visit- 
ing surgeon  to  St.  Barnabas  Hospital,  consulting 
surgeon  to  the  Sisters '  Hospital  and  the  Webber 
Hospital,  consultant  to  the  Maine  State  Sani- 
torium  and  surgeon  of  the  Maine  Central  railroad. 
He  has  been  clinical  instructor  in  orthopedic  sur- 
gery at  the  Bowdoin  Medical  College  since  1902 
and  was  made  professor  in  1914.  In  1915  the  de- 
gree Sc.D.  was  conferred  by  Bowdoin.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  Maine  Medical  Association,  the  Cumber- 
land Medical  Society,  the  Pathological  Club,  the 
Maine  Historical  Society  and  the  Maine  Natural 
History  Society.  He  has  served  as  chairman  of  tin- 
Republican  city  committee,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Portland  board  of  trade.  He  also  belongs  to 
the  Cumberland,  County  and  Athletic  clubs  of  Port- 
land, and  the  Psi  Upsilou  and  Phi  Chi  fraternities. 
He  was  married  Mar.  14,  1892,  to  Sara,  daughter 
cf  Benjamin  Sargent,  of  Prospect  Harbor,  Me. 

AMES.  John  Hubbard,  inventor,  manufac- 
turer and  engineer,  was  born  at  Housatonic,  Mass., 
Dec.  27,  1838,  sou  of  William  Henry  and  Lucy 
(Bartlett)  Ames,  and  probably  a  descendant  of 
Robert  Eames,  a  native  of  England,  who  emigrated 
in  1651  and  settled  at  Charlestown,  Mass.  Through 
him  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  the  line  is  traced 
through  their  son  John,  his  son  Robert,  his  son 
John,  who  married  Abigail  Butler;  their  sou,  Dan- 
iel Ames,  as  now  spelled,  v.  '10  married  Mercy  Lang- 
don,  anil  their  son  Horace,  who  married  Sophia 
Augusta  Lloyd,  and  was  the  grandfather  of  the 
subject.  His  father  was  a  hat  manufacturer  of 
New  York  city,  and  at  one  time  superintendent  of 
the  Housatonic  railroad.  John  H.  Ames  was  edu- 
cated at  Dr.  Hyde  's  preparatory  school,  Sheffield, 
Mass.,  and  at  Williams  .College,  "hut  left  in  1858 
to  go  abroad  with  George  Fuller,  the  artist.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  commissioned 
engineer  in  the  U.  S.  navy  and  assigned  to  the 
U.  S.  steamship  Connecticut  for  blockade  duty.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  started  on  the  U.  S.  steam- 
ship Dakotah  to  circle  the  globe,  but  the  vessel 
broke  down,  and  returning  to  New  York  resigned 
his  commission  and  became  superintendent  suc- 
cessively of  the  Yale  Lock  Co.,  of  Shelburne  Falls, 
Mass.;  the  Herring  Safe  Co.,  of  New  Y'ork,  and  the 
Grant  locomotive  works,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.  The 
last  firm  sent  him  to  Odessa  to  assemble  a  consign- 
ment of  locomotives  purchased  by  the  Russian  gov- 
ernment, the  first  ever  exported  by  a  firm  in  the 
United  States.  The  Grant  company  failed  while 
he  was  abroad,  and  in  1875  he  returned  to  +he 
Yale  Lock  Co.,  now  the  Yale  &•  Towne  Manufac- 
turing Co.  In  1S79  he  went  with  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Co.  as  purchasing  agent  of  rails 
and  locomotives,  and  in  1881  became  general 
purchasing  agent,  with  headquarters  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn.  He  retired  from  that  position  in  1S90  on 
account  of  failing  health,  and  shortly  thereafter 
went  East.  He  was  the  inventor  of  a  steam  separa- 
tor for  boilers,  an  improved  machine  for  prepar- 
ing fuel,  a  padlock,  a  refrigerator,  an  automatic 
brake  for  railroad  ears,  various  railroad  signals,  a 
car-truck  bolster  and  a  pneumatic  transmitter  for 
store  service.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Le- 
gion of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Kappa  Alpha 
fraternity.  He  was  a  man  whose  usefulness  was 
limited  only  by  the  opportunities  presented.  He 
was  a  model  of  good  citizenship,  and  while  always 


a  busy  man,  yet  found  time  to  give  generous  sup- 
port to  innumerable  good  causes.  He  was  married 
at  Clifton,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  2<i,  ls(il,  to 
Sarah  Lucy,  daughter  of  Joseph  Hyde,  of  Lee, 
Mass.,  and  his  surviving  children  were:  William 
Henry,  Joseph  Hyde,  John  McEwen,  George  Fuller, 
Henry  Olmsted,  Lucy  Bartlett.  wife  of  Remsen  Me- 
Ginnis,  Of  Denver,  Colo.;  Catherine  McEweu  and 
Sarah  Hyde  Ames,  of  Ware,  Mass.  He  died  at 
Ware,  Mass.,  Apr.  14,  190S. 

LITTLE,  John  Lowery,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Covington  county,  Ala.,  Sept.  6,  1872,  son  of 
James  M.  and  Martha  A.  (Pendry)  Little,  and 
of  Scotch  descent.  His  father,  a  native  of  Jeffer- 
son county,  Ga.,  was  a  lawyer,  and  had  been  dis- 
trict attorney  of  Covington  county.  Subsequently, 
he  left  the  law  to  enter  the  ministry  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  settling  in  Milam  county,  Tex., 
in  1876.  He  served  in  the  Confederate  army 
throughout  the  Civil  war  as  a  member  of  an  Ala- 
bama regiment.  John  L.  Little  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  public  and  private  schools 
in  Milam  county,  and  was  graduated  at  South- 
western University,  Georgetown,  Tex.,  in  1896. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  law  with  Maj.  John 
A.  Green,  San  Antonio ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Texas  in  1897,  and  in  the  same  year  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  San  Antonio.  In  1901  he 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of  Texas, 
serving  one  term.  In  1903  he  settled  at  Kouutze, 
Tex.  He  was  elected  county  judge  of  Hardin 
county,  an  office  which  he  filled  during  1910-12. 
In  the  latter  year  he  made  the  race  for  congress 
from  the  2d  district,  being  one  of  the  five  candi- 
dates for  that  honor  before  the  primaries.  During 
the  war  with  Spain  he  was  lieutenant  of  Co.  I, 
1st  regiment  Texas  infantry,  which  was  attached 
to  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee 's  corps,  ami  saw  service  in 
Cuba.  He  was  a  member  of  various  law  associa- 
tions, Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  Knights  of 
Phythias,  The  Maccabees,  and  a  32d  degree  Mason, 
and  member  of  El  Mina  Temple  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine  of  Galveston,  Texas.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  was  a 
communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  While 
prominent  in  politics,  a  popular  campaign  orator, 
Judge  Little  was  essentially  a  public-spirited  citi- 
zen whose  best  work  was  the  disinterested  service 
he  gave  to  his  community  and  the  state.  He  was 
married,  Aug.  21,  1898,  to  Carrie,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Robert  Power,  a  farmer  and  capitalist,  of 
Washington  county,  Texas,  and  a  granduiece  of 
Gen.  Sam  Houston.  She  survives  him,  residing  at 
Beaumont,  and  there  are  three  children :  Charles 
Power,  Marjorie  Power,  ami  John  Lowery  Little. 
Jr.,  and  Weldon  Lowery,  deceased.  He  died  at 
Kountze,  Tex.,  Dec.  14,  1913. 

BARTON,  Nathan  Bowen,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Warren,  R.  I.,  Aug.  S,  185:!,  son  of  Alfred 
and  Ann  Elizabeth  (Bowen)  Barton,  and  a  des- 
cendant of  Rufus  Barton,  who  came  from  England, 
in  1648,  and  who  fled  from  the  persecution  of  the 
Dutch  in  New  York  and  settled  at  Portsmouth, 
R.  I.  From  him  and  his  wife,  Margaret,  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Ben- 
jamin, and  his  wife,  Susannah  Gorton;  their  son, 
Andrew,  and  his  wife,  Rebecca  Low;  their  son, 
Samuel,  and  his  wife,  Liliis  Turner;  their  son, 
Major  William,  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Miller; 
and  their  son,  Alfred,  and  his  wife,  Margaret  Clay 
Turner,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  Major  William  Barton  (5), 
an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  captured  Gen. 
I'n-scott  and  received  the  thanks  of  the  congress, 
and  a  sword.  Nathan  B.  Barton  was  educated  in 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  in  1869 
went  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  he  entered  thu 
employ  of  Belcher  Bros.,  predecessors  of  the  Bel- 
cher &  Loomis  Hardware  Co.  In  1879  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Englehart  C.  Ostby,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Ostby  <!c  Barton,  secured  a  small 
shop,  employed  a  few  expert  hands,  and  began 
the  production  of  high  quality  rings.  The  follow- 
ing year,  the  business  having  increased  rapidly, 
a  much  more  extensive  factor}-  became  necessary. 
A  large  floor  was  secured  in  a  new  building,  where 
the  tirm  remained  for  about  eighteen  years,  the 
business  steadily  expanding.  For  three  years  Mr. 
Barton  covered  the  entire  territory,  in  which  the 
linn  did  business,  as  salesman.  In  1893  the  con- 
cern was  changed  from  a  partnership  to  a  cor- 
poration, with  Mr.  Ostby  as  president,  and  Mr. 
Barton  as  treasurer.  Four  years  later  a  large 
brick  building  was  purchased  and  here  the  busi- 
ness increased  until  it  is  now  (1917)  known  as  the 
largest  ring  house  in  the  world.  On  the  death  of 
Mr.  Ostby  in  the  Titanic  disaster,  in  1912,  Mr. 
Barton  succeeded  him  as  president.  Subsequently, 
because  of  failing  health,  he  resigned  as  president 
of  the  company  and  assumed  the  position  of  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  directors.  By  constant  at- 
tention to  all  details  Mr.  Barton  achieved  suc- 
cess  for  the  company,  and  never  in  the  lifetime  of 
either  of  the  original  partners  was  there  a  strike 
in  the  factory.  He  was  characterized  by  ability 
to  make  friends  among  all  classes,  and  fairness  in 
every  way.  He  was  director  of  the  High  Street 
Bank :  member  of  the  Cranston  Street  Baptist 
Church,  and  later  of  Central  Congregational  Church 
of  Providence;  treasurer  of  the  Church  House; 
member  of  the  Rhode  Island  School  of  Design ; 
Providence  Art  Club ;  Rhode  Island  Historical 
Society;  Sons  of  the  Revolution;  Squantum  Asso- 
ciation; 24-('arat  Club  of  New  York;  and  Manu- 
facturing Jewellers'  Association.  He  was  also  a 
member  and  master  of  the  Adelphi  Lodge  of 
Masons,  member  of  St.  John's  Commandery, 
Knights  Templar  and  the  Consistory.  He  was 
married  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  21,  1874,  to 
Lillian,  daughter  of  William  Lewis  Fisher,  mer- 
chant, of  Providence  and  New  York,  and  they  had 
one  child,  Annie  Florence,  wife  of  George  Gordon 
Webster,  of  Sharon,  Mass.  He  died  in  Sharon, 
Mass.,  Feb.  13,  1917. 

NICHOLS,  Joseph  Long-worth,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  Nov.  10,  1870, 
son  of  George  Ward  and  Maria  (Longworth) 
Nichols.  Through  his  grandmother,  on  the  ma- 
ternal side,  he  was  descended  from  Dr.  Landon 
Cabell  Rives  of  Virginia,  who  came  to  Cincinnati 
in  1826,  and,  with  Dr.  Samuel  D.  Gross  (later  of 
Philadelphia),  was  prominent  in  the  establishment 
of  the  Ohio  Medical  College.  His  mother,  now 
Mrs.  Bellamy  Storer,  founded  the  Rookwood  Pot- 
tery of  Cincinnati  in  18SO.  His  grandfather, 
Joseph  Longworth,  who  died  in  1883  and  left 
an  endowment  of  $300,000  to  the  Cincinnati 
Art  School,  was  the  son  of  Nicholas  Long- 
worth  (q.  v.),  settled  in  Cincinnati  in  1805,  who 
was  associated  with  all  the  early  growth  and  de- 
velopment of  the  city.  His  father,  Maj.  George 
Ward  Nichols,  was  an  aide  on  the  staff  of  Geii. 
Sherman  of  the  Federal  army,  serving  throughout 
the  civil  war,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  (1885) 
was  president  of  the  Cincinnati  Musical  Festival 
Association.  His  mother  subsequently  became  the 
wife  of  Bellamy  Storer  (q.  v.),  member  of  Con- 
gress for  four  years  (1891-95),  and  afterwards 
American  minister  in  Brussels  and  Madrid,  and 
ambassador  in  Vienna.  A  sister  of  the  subject  be- 


came the  wife  of  the  Marquis  de  Chambrun,  a 
great-great  grandson  of  Lafayette,  who  came  with 
the  French  war  mission  (1917),  headed  by  Marshal 
J  off  re,  the  victor  of  the  Marue.  Joseph  Long- 
worth  Nichols  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity in  1893  with  the  degree  A.B.,  and  at 
Johns  Hopkins  University  medical  school,  in  1897, 
with  the  degree  M.D.,  standing  at  the  head  of 
his  class. at  that  institution  and  gaining  a  schol- 
arship. He  spent  the  ensuing  year  doing  labora- 
tory and  microscopic  work  under  Dr.  William 
Henry  Welch  (q.  v.),  dean  of  Johns  Hopkins  medi- 
cal school,  and  he  afterwards  took  post-graduate 
work  in  Berlin.  In  1900  he  developed  tuberculosis 
and  in  1903  settled  at  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  was  prominent  in  community  life,  being  one  of 
the  most  useful  and  beloved  citizens  of  the  vil- 
lage for  fifteen  years.  While  he  did  not  follow 
his  profession  at  Saranac  he  was  at  his  death  presi- 
dent of  the  General  Hospital,  which  he  had  been 
active  in  organizing,  and  the  trustees  passed  a 
resolution  of  appreciation  for  his  rare  devotion 
and  untiring  zeal  for  the  institution.  He  worked 
in  the  laboratory  (when  the  condition  of  his  health 
permitted)  for  Dr.  Edward  L.  Trudeau  (q.  v.), 
who  considered  his  work  most  valuable,  and 
read  a  paper  of  importance  at  a  medical  con- 
ference based  upon  the  research  work  of  Dr. 
Nichols.  He  and  his  wife  were  active  members 
of  St.  Luke  's  Episcopal  church.  He  held  member- 
ship in  various  medical  and  scientific  societies.  He 
was  married  at  Saranac  Lake  April,  1910,  to  Mary 
Morgan,  of  Baltimore;  she  survives  him.  He  died 
at  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.,  June  17,  1918.  (Portrait 
opposite  page  355.) 

ROBINS,  Henry  Ephraim,  second  president  of 
Colby  University  (1873-82),  was  born  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  Sept.  30,  1827,  son  of  Gurdon  and  Julia 
(Savage)  Robins.  His  first  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Nicholas  Bobbins,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England,  and  was  one  of  the  propri- 
etors of  Bridgewater,  but  resided  at  Duxbury, 
Mass.,  from  1638  to  1650 ;  from  him  the  descent 
is  traced  through  his  son,  John,  a  sergeant  in  the 
colonial  forces,  and  the  latter 's  wife,  Jehusabeth 
Jourdaine;  their  son,  Jeduthun,  and  his  wife,  Han- 
nah Pratt;  their  son,  Lemuel,  and  his  wife,  Esther 
Dunham;  and  their  son,  Ephraim,  and  his  wife, 
Abigail  C'aulkins,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Henry  E.  Robins.  Through  his  grandmother  Abi- 
gail Caulkins,  our  subject  is  descended  from  Hugh 
Caulkins,  one  of  the  founders  of  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  was  educated  by  private  tutors  at  Trinity  Col- 
lege, and  later  at  the  Hartford  Grammar  School, 
and  at  the  Literary  Institute,  Sufh'eld,  Conn.  After 
his  graduation  from  the  Literary  Institute  he  went 
into  his  father  's  publishing  business  in  Hartford. 
In  1858  he  began  his  preparations  for  the  ministry 
at  Fairmount  Theological  Seminary.  He  subse- 
quently passed  three  years  at  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  Massachusetts,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1861.  In  the  following  December 
he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1862 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Baptist 
Church,  Newport,  R.  I.  He  left  Newport  in  1867, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  First  Church,  Eochester, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Colby  University  six  years  later. 
During  his  administration  of  nearly  ten  years,  the 
prosperity  of  the  university  continued  to  increase 
and  funds  for  the  endowment  of  scholarships,  the 
erection  of  new  buildings,  and  enlargement  of  the 
preparatory  schools  connected  with  the  college,  con- 
tinued to  be  received.  The  number  of  students  also 
increased  from  fifty-one  when  he  took  charge,  to 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


357 


155  when  he  resigned.  Pres.  Eobins  resigned  in 
1SS2,  ami  accepted  the  chair  of  Christian  ethics  in 
the  Rochester  (X.  Y.)  Theological  Seminary,  which 
he  resigned  in  1904.  He  was  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing volumes:  "Harmony  of  Ethics  with 
Theology"  (1891)  ;  "Christian  as  Distinguished 
from  Secular  Education"  (1895)  ;  "The  Ethics  of 
the  <  'hristian  Life,  or  the  Science  of  Right  Living ' ' 
(1904);  "Faith  Rational''  (191:!);  besides  vari- 
ous ccntrilmtions  to  religious  journals.  AVliile 
president  of  Colby  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Ding- 
ley,  of  Maine,  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con- 
vention of  1S75.  "I>r.  Robins  was  a  spiritual  man 
in  every  fibre  of  his  being.  The  unassuming  dignity 
of  his  character  stimulated  others  to  confide  in  him 
and  to  seek  his  advice.  He  was  a  Puritan  in  spirit, 
•whose  unbending  rectitude  was  united  with  a  pas- 
sionate tenderness  of  heart,  which  at  times  made  his 
prayers  most  pathetic  and  his  eloquence  over- 
powering. But  he  was  also  in  general  so  calm  and 
discreet  as  to  be  the  model  of  a  sober  and  educated 

pastor.     In  days  of  persecution  he  would  have  1 n 

a  typical  martyr;  his  strength  of  will  and  clearness 
of  vision  would  have  made  the  stake  a  bed  of 
roses.  His  children  have  the  priceless  memory  of  a 
noble  father."  He  was  president,  of  the  Maine 
State  Baptist  convention  for  three  years,  president 
of  the  New  York  State  Baptist  Convention  in 
1S73,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Society  and  of  the  Delta  Upsilon  fraternity. 
The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
University  of  Rochester,  (N.  Y.),  in  1868,  ami 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  by  Colby  University,  in  1890. 
He  was  thrice  married:  (1)  Aug.  11,  1864,  to 
Martha  J.  Bird,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Bird,  a  clergy- 
man of  Hartford,  Conn.;  she  died  in  1867,  and  he 
was  married  (2),  Sept.  4,  1872,  to  Margaret  Rich- 
ardson, daughter  of  Prof.  John  F.  Richardson,  a 
professor,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.;  she  died  in  1^7:!, 
and  he  was  married  (3),  Aug.  7,  1S7S,  to  Cordelia 
Ewell  Nott,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Handel  G.  Nott, 
of  Boston,  Mass.  She  died  in  1888.  His  children 
are:  Martha  Julia,  wife  of  Augustine  W.  Esleeck 
of  Greenfield,  Mass.;  and  Kiiigman  Nott  Robins 
(q.v.),  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  died  at  Greenfield, 
Mass.,  Apr.  2.">,  1917. 

LE  DUC,  Ernest,  mining  operator,  was  born 
at  Calumet,  Mich.,  Jan.  I!l,  1S69,  sou  of  Antoine 
and  Ida  (Korten)  LeDuc,  and  grandson  of  Peter 
LeDuc,  wiio  came  from  France  during  the  Napo- 
leonic wars  and  settled  at  Beauharnais,  Out.,  Can. 
Antoine  LeDuc,  father  of  the  subject  and  native 
of  Beauharnais,  was  a  pioneer  in  the  American 
mining  field;  he  early  took  up  surveying  work, 
and  had  much  to  do  with  early  mining  activities 
in  Michigan.  He  helped  to  start  the  Calumet  & 
Hecla  mine  on  its  long  period  of  remarkable  pro- 
duction. Ernest  LeDnc  received  his  education  in 
the  primary  schools  of  Michigan,  at  Detroit  high 
school,  and  Detroit  Business  University.  He  then 
associated  himself  with  his  father  in  an  extensive 
geological  survey  on  the  celebrated  Mesaba  Iron 
Range  of  Minnesota,  father  and  son  being  in  the 
service  of  Orrin  Trail  Higgins,  the  wealthy  mer- 
chant, and  father  of  Frank  Wayland  Higgins 
(<l-v-)i  governor  of  New  York.  Leaving  the  min- 
ing field  temporarily,  in  1S89,  he  became  asso- 
ciated with  the  Hall  &  Buell  Lumber  Co.,  conti- 
nuing three  years  in  their  service.  At  the  end  of 
that  period  he  accepted  a  place  on  the  staff  of  the 
Lake  Superior  Consolidated  Iron  Mines,  and  as- 
sisted in  the  survey  of  the  Mesaba  and  Vermilion 
ranges,  both  destined  to  become  famous  centers 
of  the  modern  iron  industry.  He  later  formed  a 
connection  with  the  engineering  department  of  the 


Oliver  Iron  Mining  Co.,  and  shortly  thereafter  was 
engaged  by  the  Lmiis  Rouchleau  interests.  When 
his  work  was  completed  he  undertook  a  similar 
enterprise  for  the  G.  G.  Hartley  interests,  and  was 
a  dominant  factor  in  the  development  of  the 
Mesaba  and  Cuyuna  iron  range.  In  191M  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Cuynna  Mille  Lacs 
Iron  Co.,  and  was  elected  its  vice-president.  This 
'•'in.-ern  afterwards  became  a  subsidiary  of  the 
American  Manganese  Manufacturing  Co.  In  1911 
he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Mesaba 
Cuyuna  Iron  Land  Co.,  ami  in  1915  he  brought 
into  existence  the  Big  Ledge  Copper  Co.,  of  New 
York,  of  which  he  was  president  and  general  man- 
ager until  his  death.  This  extensive  corporation 
is  an  outgrowth  of  smaller  enterprises,  and  organ- 
ized to  take  over  the  operation  of  the  companies 
which  it  absorbed.  This  step  followed  a  series  of 
negotiations  in  which  he  played  a  conspicuous 
part.  In  addition  to  this  great  interest  he  was 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  Mesaba 
Cuyuna  Iron  Land  Co.,  director  in  the  Cuyuna 
Mille  Lacs  Iron  Co.,  and  had  large  financial  in- 
terests in  other  mining  fields  in  various  parts  of 
the  world.  He  resided  at  Duluth,  and  was  a  ."2nd 
degree  Mason,  member  of  the  Kitchi  Gammi,  and 
North  Land  County  clubs;  he  held  membership 
also  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  Club,  New  York  city, 
and  The  National  Marine  League  of  the  U.  S.  A. 
His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party.  Ernest  LeDnc  was  born,  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  the  atmosphere  of  the  industry  in  which 
he  was  a  distinguished  figure  and  from  which  he 
gained  a  unique  success.  His  experience  in  both 
the  lumber  and  mining  fields  was  exceptionally 
broad.  For  more  than  a  decade  he  was  the 
trusted  field  man  of  important  capitalistic  groups, 
and  he  handled  numerous  transactions  involving 
issues  of  the  first  consequence.  Upon  launching 
his  own  companies,  he  guided  them  along  success- 
ful lines.  Their  policies  were  sufficiently  conser- 
vative, but  leavened  with  a  spirit  of  enterprise 
which  was  manifested  in  many  ways,  and  at  all 
times  his  was  the  guiding  hand.  He  seemed  to 
have  distinct  prescience  of  the  future  importance  of 
these  ranges,  and  his  discernment  in  anticipating 
needs  and  demands  in  the  furtherance  of  construc- 
tive enterprise  was  particularly  noteworthy.  He 
was  essentially  a  man  of  action  and  circumspec- 
tion, and  he  was  at  all  times  ready  to  lend  his  in- 
fluence and  tangible  co-operation  in  the  further- 
ance of  measures  and  enterprises  meeting  with  the 
approval  of  his  judgment.  Mr.  Le  Due  was  mar- 
ried Aug.  23,  1917,  to  Alice  M.,  daughter  of  Mrs. 
Elenore  Norris  Osborne,  of  Long  Beach,  Cal. 
He  died,  after  a  short  illness,  in  Duluth,  Minn., 
Feb.  :i,  1918. 

DOLLAED,  Robert,  soldier  and  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  Mar.  14,  1842,  son 
of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Collier)  Dollard.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  descended  from 
the  aristocratic  Dollard  family  of  France,  rep- 
resentatives of  which  figured  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  Canada.  Upon  Pres.  Lincoln's  first  call 
for  troops  in  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
4th  Mass.  Vol.  Inf.,  with  which  he  served  until 
the  close  of  the  civil  war,  and  was  promoted 
major  in  1864.  He  was  one  of  the  youngest 
regimental  commanders  in  Grant 's  army  in  the 
campaigns  before  Richmond  and  Petersburg. 
After  the  war  he  settled  at  Galesburg,  111., 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1870.  He  practised  in  Galesburg  for  nine  years 
and  then  removed  to  Douglas  county.  Dakota 
territory.  He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


senate,  of  the  first  and  second  constitutional 
conventions  of  South  Dakota  (1883  and  1885), 
was  attorney-general  under  the  provisional  gov- 
ernment, and  on  the  admission  of  South  Dakota 
to  the  union  in  18S9,  became  attorney-general 
of  the  state.  He  was  subsequently  elected  to 
the  house  of  representatives  and  to  the  senate. 
In  19U7  he  retired  from  active  practice  and 
spent  his  last  years  in  Santa  Monica,  Cal.  He 
was  married  Sept.  29,  1875,  to  Carrie  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  Imri  Dunn  of  Yates  City,  111.,  and  died  at 
Santa  Monica,  Cal.,  in  1915. 

CARPENTER,  Alfred  George,  jurist,  was 
born  at  Xewville,  Richland  co.,  O.,  Sept.  25,  1849, 
son  of  William  Barney  and  Emeline  (Grove)  Car- 
penter. His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  William  Carpenter,  who  came  from  London, 
England,  in  1638  and  settled  at  Weymouth,  Mass. 
From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Margaret  Button;  their 
sou  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Renew  Weeks;  their 
son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Mary  Barney;  their 
son  William  and  his  wife  Hannah  Needham;  their 
son  William  Barney  and  his  wife  Sarah  Blodgett, 
to  their  sou  Daniel  Carpenter  and  his  wife  Sally 
Northway,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alfred 
George  Carpenter.  William  Carpenter  (V)  served 
as  sergeant  in  the  American  army  during  the  war 
of  the  revolution.  William  Barney  Carpenter, 
father  of  the  subject,  was  a  tanner.  Alfred  George 
Carpenter  was  graduated  at  Ohio  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, Delaware,  O.,  in  1873,  with  the  degree 
A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from  that  insti- 
tution later.  He  taught  school  at  Mansfield  for 
two  years,  becoming  principal  of  the  high  school. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  law  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1876  with  the  degree 
LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Ohio  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Cleveland  as  an  associate  in  the  offices  of  Foster 
&  Hinsdale,  being  admitted  as  a  partner  within 
six  months,  the  firm  taking  the  style  of  Foster, 
Hinsdale  &  Carpenter.  It  became  Foster  &  Car- 
penter in  1879;  Carpenter  &  Young,  in  1885, 
Carpenter,  Young  &  Stocker  in  1900,  and  in  1914 
was  changed  to  Carpenter,  Young,  Stocker  &  Fen- 
ner  by  the  acquisition  of  J.  A.  Fenner.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals  for  the  8th  judicial  district,  assuming  his 
duties  on  the  bench  in  1915,  and  continuing  in 
that  relation  until  his  death.  During  1896-1902 
he  was  professor  of  the  law  of  bills  and  notes, 
and  subsequently  of  the  law  of  contracts,  in  West- 
ern Reserve  University  law  school.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Cleveland  city  council  during  1898- 
1900.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution,  New  England  Society  of  Ohio, 
American  Bar  Association,  Ohio  State  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, Cuyahoga  County  Bar  Association,  Cleve- 
land chamber  of  commerce,  and  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. Politically  he  was  an  independent  Demo- 
crat. He  was  active  in  the  religious  welfare  and 
charitable  life  of  his  adopted  city,  and  a  com- 
municant of  Euclid  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  literary 
studies,  was  a  student  particularly  of  the  civil  war, 
and  rated  as  one  of  the  best  posted  men  in  Cleve- 
land on  this  subject.  He  was  married  at  London, 
O.,  Oct.  18,  1877,  to  Alice,  daughter  of  Robert 
Boyd,  farmer,  stockman  and  banker,  of  London; 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Carrie 
Louise,  who  married  James  B.  McCrea ;  Robert 
Franklin,  president  R.  F.  Carpenter  Manufacturing 
Co.,  and  Ruth  Boyd.  who  married  Louis  F.  Boyd,  all 
of  Cleveland.  He  died  in  Cleveland,  Jan.  24,  191S. 


BROWN,  Robert  Turnbull,  merchant,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  1,  1821,  son  of  An- 
drew and  Isabella  (Turubull)  Brown.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  began  his  busi- 
ness career  in  the  employ  of  a  wholesale  linen 
firm.  This  concern  had  a  branch  at  Mobile,  Ala., 
and  as  Mr.  Brown  mastered  the  details  of  the 
business  he  was  promoted  to  a  position  which 
divided  his  time  between  the  Mobile  house  in  the 
winter  and  the  New  York  house  in  the  summer. 
By  thrift  he  was  enabled  to  acquire  an  interest 
in  the  business.  When  the  gold  fever  was  at  its 
height  in  1849  he  went  to  California  over  the 
Nicaragua  route,  and,  settling  in  Sacramento,  re- 
sumed his  mercantile  pursuits  with  unusual  suc- 
cess. While  on  a  visit  East  in  1854  he  was  ship- 
wrecked on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina  in  the 
ill-fated  Central  America,  and  was  the  last  man 
picked  up  by  a  steamer  going  North  from  the 
West  Indies.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Sacra- 
mento Commercial  Bank  and  of  the  Sacramento 
Savings  Bank,  in  both  of  which  he  was  a  di- 
rector until  his  death.  Notwithstanding  his 
commercial  activity  great  demands  were  made 
upon  his  time  for  public  affairs.  He  was  for 
many  years  treasurer  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society  and  had  much  to  do  with  the  success  of 
the  annual  state  fairs.  He  was  also  treasurer  of 
the  Howard  Benevolent  Society  and  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  of 
Sacramento.  It  was  due  to  his  untiring  efforts 
that  the  plot  of  ground  adjoining  the  Capitol 
building  and  now  the  beautiful  Capitol  park  was 
acquired  to  complete  the  state  house  grounds  in 
Sacramento.  He  was  a  man  of  the  highest  integ- 
rity, and  he  combined  his  strict  business  principles 
with  fine  moral  ideals.  His  judgment  and  fore- 
sight were  without  fault  and  they  were  crowned 
by  financial  success.  He  was  an  unusual  type  of 
business  man,  one  to  whom  mere  success  was  not 
the  one  great  object  to  be  attained  at  any  cost. 
He  loved  his  fellow-men  with  that  real  love  which 
is  expressed  in  terms  of  service.  He  was  benevo- 
lent ;  he  was  just,  and  he  was  faithful  to  every 
trust  reposed  in  him.  The  mere  connection  of  his 
name  with  the  banking  interests  of  his  adopted 
city  was  enough  to  insure  their  success,  for  the 
public  loved  him  and  had  great  confidence  in 
him.  His  was  an  instance  where  fidelity  to  duty 
received  a  splendid  and  well-merited  reward.  He 
was  married  in  San  Francisco  to  Minerva  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Henry  Hooker,  and  a  direct  descend- 
ant in  the  eighth  generation  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Hooker  (q.  v.).  Mrs.  Brown  joined  heartily  in 
his  civic  activities  and  for  more  than  ten  years 
was  treasurer  of  the  Sacramento  Orphan  Asylum. 
They  had  three  children,  only  one  of  whom  sur- 
vives, Robert  Turnbull  Brown,  Jr.,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  financial  department  of  the  San 
Francisco  Gas  and  Electric  Co.  He  died  in  Sac- 
ramento, Apr.  19,  187S. 

ALBRIGHT,  Charles  Edgar,  life  underwriter, 
was  born  at  Dancyville,  Tenn.,  Jan.  1,  1867,  son 
of  George  Nicholas  and  Barbara  Ellen  (Thompson) 
Albright.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Hendrick  Albrecht,  who  came  from  Bavaria 
in  1725  and  settled  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  From  him 
the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Jacob 
(Albright)  and  his  wife  Catharine  Wilder;  their 
son  Henry;  his  son  Nicholas  and  his  wife  Anna 
Rogers,  to  their  son  James  R.  Albright  and  his 
wife  Sallie  Albright,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
C.  E.  Albright.  George  Nicholas  Albright,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  for  thirty  years  a  general 
merchant  oif  Stanton,  Tenn.  C.  E.  Albright  was 


ALFRED  G.  CARPENTER 
JURIST 


ROBERT  T.  BROWN 
MERCHANT 


CHARLES  E.  ALBRIGHT 
UNDERWRITER 


ALBERT  G.  BARBER 
MANUFACTURER 


.  7&<W" 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


339 


graduated  at  Bush  Medical  College.,  Chicago,  in 
1889,  with  iJie  degree  11.  1).,  ami  during  the  en- 
suing tv«o  years  was  interne,  Presbyterian  Hos- 
pital, Chicago.  In  1891  he  became  an  assistant 
medical  director  in  the  service  of  the  North- 
western Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  continued  in  that  capacity  until 
1903,  when  he  resigned.  He  spent  eighteen 
months  in  European  travel,  ami  upon  his  re- 
turn again  became  connected  with  the  company 
as  a  solicitor  of  life  insurance.  For  thirteen  suc- 
cessive years,  or  until  June,  1919,  he  has  been  the 
largest  producer  of  life  insurance  for  this  company. 
His  volume  for  the  year  ending  in  June,  1919,  ex- 
ceeded that  of  his  nearest  rival  by  about  $700,000. 
His  unique  record  for  fifteen  years'  work  is 
$21,412,750.  This  record  refers  "only  to  North- 
western business.  Dr.  Albright  has  written  as 
much  as  $800,000  on  n  single  life.  His  main 
office  is  located  in  the  home  office  building, 
Milwaukee,  but  his  contract  with  his  company 
provides  for  his  personal  solicitation  of  life  in- 
surance in  the  larger  cities  of  the  country  where 
he  enjoys  an  extensive  acquaintance  among  the 
leaders  of  industry.  Aside  from  his  insurance 
activities  he  is  a  director  in  the  First  Wisconsin 
National  Bank,  First  Wisconsin  Trust  Co.,  Wis- 
consin Securities  Co.,  Wisconsin  Sugar  Co.,  U.  S. 
Refining  Co.,  Lavine  Gear  Co.,  Allis-Chalmers 
Mfg.  Co.,  and  Globe  Seamless  Steel  Tubes  Co., 
all  of  Milwaukee.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Milwaukee,  Milwaukee  Country,  Wisconsin,  Town, 
City,  and  University  clubs,  Milwaukee;  University 
and  Mid-Day  clubs,  Chicago;  Union  Club,  Cleve- 
land ;  Duquesne  Club,  Pittsburgh ;  and  Union 
League  Club,  New  York  city.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreations  in  golf,  riding,  swimming  and  auto- 
mobiling.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  was  married  Nov.  21, 
1S99,  to  Laura,  daughter  of  Henry  Uihlein,  presi- 
dent of  the  Schlitz  Brewing  Co.,  Milwaukee ;  they 
have  three  children:  Lorraine,  Marion,  and  David 
Edgar  Albright. 

BARBER,  Albert  Oilman,  manufacturer,  -was 
born  in  Epping,  N.  H.,  July  18,  1857,  son  of  Jamea 
Pike  and  Lucinda  A.  (Jenness)  Barber,  and  a 
descendant  of  Robert  Barber  who  emigrated  from 
Yorkshire,  England,  in  1690,  and  settled  at  Exeter, 
N.  H.  The  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
Robert's  son  Robert,  who  married  Sarah  Bean; 
their  son  Daniel,  who  married  Sarah  Parsons; 
their  son  Daniel,  who  married  Sarah  Coffin,  and 
their  son  Daniel,  who  married  Hannah  Holt  Oil- 
man and  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  Daniel  Barber  of  the  third  genera- 
tion was  a  lieutenant  in  the  army,  and  his  son 
Daniel  fought  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Al- 
bert Gilman  Barber  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools.  His  first  business  training  was- 
secured  in  a  chair  factory  at  Baldwinsville,  Mass. 
He  was  engaged  in  farming  for  ten  years  at 
Epping,  N.  H.,  and  in  1883-84  was  employed  in  a 
carriage  shop  at  Amesbury,  Mass.,  and  in  the 
manufacture  of  shoes  at  Epping.  In  ISM  he 
started  in  to  learn  the  optical  business,  first  at 
Waltham,  Mass.,  later  at  Lawrence.  In  1889,  in 
company  with  John  W.  Sanborn,  he  established  a 
business  in  Boston  for  the  handling  of  optical 
goods  at  wholesale.  Later,  Charles  A.  French 
was  admitted  to  the  firm  which  was  incorporated 
tinder  the  laws  of  Maine  in  1894.  The  firm  met 
with  success  from  the  outset,  and  from  a  small 
beginning  the  business  has  grown  until  the  Globe 
Optical  Co.  has  become  one  of  the  largest  in  the 


world.  It  handles  everything  in  the  line  of  spec- 
tacle ware,  opera  and  field  glasses,  microscopes, 
magnifiers,  eye  and  ear  instruments;  optical  work 
benches,  machinery,  and  office  fittings.  It  con- 
ducts a  fully  equipped  factory  in  Cambridge  de- 
voted  to  the  manufacture  of  complete  outfits  for 
optical  workshops  and  eye-testing  rooms,  and 
the  grinding  of  special  lenses,  and  controls  many 
valuable  patents  covering  lens  cutters,  lens  drills, 
lens  edging  machines,  optical  pliers,  optical  tables, 
cabinets  and  chairs,  which  are  put  out  under  the 
trad. marks  "Globe  Superior"  "Globe  Special" 
and  "Luxfel."  There  are  150  people  employed  in 
the  factory  and  warerooms  and  the  annual  business 
amounts  to  about  three-quarters  of  a  million  dol- 
lars. The  Globe  Optical  Co.  was  reincorporated 
under  a  Massachusetts  charter  in  1899  and  now 
(1918)  has  a.  capital  stock  of  $711,000  and  surplus 
of  $100,000.  Mr.  Barber  held  the  office  of  man- 
ager from  the  organization  of  the  business  until 
the  death  of  Mr.  Sanborn,  in  1900,  when  he  be- 
came treasurer,  and  was  its  president  succeeding 
Edwin  P.  Wells,  (retired)  during  190.':',-lli.  He  was 
married,  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  Jan.  1.  1880,  to 
Annie  Estelle,  daughter  of  Frederick  Skerrye  of 
Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia,  and  had  two  sons,  Fred- 
erick Arthur  Barber  and  Raymond  Jenness  Barber. 
(  Portrait  opposite  page  358.) 

FLEMING.  William  Boyer,  junst,  was  born 
in  Woodford  county,  Ky.,  Apr.  '•'•,  1S4M,  son  of 
William  Boyer  and  Agnetta  C.  (Van  de  Graaff) 
Fleming.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ances- 
tor was  William  Fleming,  a  native  of  Jedburgh, 
Scotland,  ami  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  who  entered  the  British  army  as  sur- 
gnui,  came  to  Virginia  in  1755,  entered  Wash- 
ington's regiment  as  lieutenant  in  1755,  was 
made,  captain  in  1762,  and  in  1774  was  colonel  of 
a  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  where 
he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  one  of  the  land 
commissioners  for  Kentucky  in  1779,  and  for  a 
period  in  1781  (June  4  to  19)  was  acting  gover- 
nor of  Virginia.  He.  was  a  member  of  the  con- 
stitutional convention  in  17-V  He  was  of  Staun- 
ton,  Va.,  and  later  had  an  estate  in  Botetourt 
county.  His  wife  was  Anne  Christian  and  their 
sen  Leonard  S.  Fleming  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Boyer,  were  the  grandparents  of  William  Boyer 
Fleming.  On  the  maternal  side  the  subject  was  a 
great-grandson  of  William  Jacob  Van  de  Graaffi 
of  Dordrecht,  Holland,  governor  of  Ceylon  and 
director-general  of  Bavaria.  William  Boyer  Flem- 
ing, father  of  our  subject,  was  a  resident  of 
Woodford  co.,  Ky.  He  died  at  his  country  home 
there  Nov.  o,  1844,  at  the  age  of  forty-seven.  The 
son  received  hi-,  pieliminary  education  in  private 
schoors  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  at  Center  College, 
Danville,  Ky.  He  matriculated  at  Yale  University; 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Toronto  in 
]sii5  with  the  degree  A.B.,  receiving  the  degree 
A.M.  from  that  institution  in  1866;  studied  law  at 
the  University  of  Kentucky,  Lexington,  and  took 
post-graduate  courses  in  Germany  at  the  Uni- 
versities of  Go'ttingeu  and  Berlin.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Kentucky  in  1870,  and  in 
that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Louisville.  In  1892  he  represented  the  state  of 
Kentucky  in  the  noted  lottery  case.  He  was  a 
member  from  Louisville  in  the  Kentucky  house  of 
representatives  during  1SMI-S2:  Democratic  presi- 
dential elector-at-large  in  1XM;  was  appointed 
Federal  judge  in  New  Mexico  by  Pres.  Cleveland, 
in  1885,  but  resigned  because  the  climate  did  not 
agree  with  him.  He  served  two  terms  (^1888-92) 
as  state  railroad  commissioner  for  Kentucky;  was 


360 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


law  oiBcer  of  the  II.  S.  treasury  department, 
Washington,  during  1893-96;  in  1900  was  one  of 
the  chief  organizers,  in  Chicago,  of  the  American 
Anti-Trust  Conference;  was  appointed  foreign 
trade  advisor  (1913);  later  "Advisor  on  Com- 
mercial Treaties,"  department  of  state,  Washing- 
ton, and  continued  in  that  relation  until  his 
death.  Robert  Lansing,  secretary  of  state,  in 
a  letter  to  the  family  said:  "Judge  Fleming 
ty  his  long  and  faithful  service  in  the  De- 
partment, endeared  himself  to  all  with  whom 
he  came  in  contact  and  he  will  leave  with  us 
most  pleasant  memories  in  the  years  to  come." 
He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  held  membership  in  the  American  Bar  As- 
sociation, Kentucky  State  Bar  Association,  Louis- 
ville Bar  Association.  He  was  author  of  many 
political  articles  for  the  magazines,  and  many 
campaign  articles  for  the  Democratic  national 
committee.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
reading  and  study,  especially  of  history,  philos- 
ophy and  poetry.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  had 
almost  completed  a  philosophical  historical  work 
of  great  magnitude  on  ' '  The  Else  and  Fall  of  Na- 
tions. ' '  He  was  a  great  lover  of  nature,  of  music 
and  of  children.  He  ccmld  sit  and  hold  chil- 
dren spellbound  by  the  hour,  while  he  told 
them  stories  from  history  and  mythology.  There 
was  in  him  a  simplicity ,  an  utter  absence  of 
guile  such  as  is  rarely  seen,  in  one  whose  life  was 
spent  in  legal  and  public  controversies,  and  who 
had  been  in  touch  with  affairs  so  many  and 
•varied.  His  courage,  physical  and  moral,  was 
great.  Though  unpretentious,  and  undemonstra- 
tive in  manner,  any  man  who  had  ever  known  him 
carried  throughout  his  life  affectionate  remem- 
brances of  him.  He  was  married  April  12,  1*7(1, 
to  Susan  Harris,  daughter  of  Maj.  Arnold  Har- 
ris, II.  S.  A.,  and  granddaughter  of  Gen.  Eobert 
Armstrong  of  Nashville;  she  died  in  19 IS  (two 
days  prior  to  her  husband's  death).  Seven  chil- 
dren survive:  Brig.-Gen.  Adrian  S.,  II .  S.  A.; 
Arnold  Harris,  lawyer,  with  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  Washington;  Clinton  Kelly  of  Kan- 
sas City;  Eleanor  Harris  who  married  William 
E.  Hutc-hings,  of  Louisville,  Ky. ;  Agnita  Clara, 
who  married  John  H.  Chandler,  of  Louisville; 
Mary  whose  husband  is  Henry  M.  Edmonds,  D.D., 
of  Birmingham,  Ala.;  and  Susan  Armstrong  Flem- 
ing, of  Louisville,  Ky.  He  died  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  Sept.  24,  1918. 

SEARLE.  Franklin  Elijah,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Franklinville,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  21,  1853,  son  of  Almon 
Dunbar  and  Jane  Maria  (Scott)  Searle,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  John  Searl,  who  came  to  this  country 
from  England  in  1634,  landing  in  Boston,  Mass..  he 
was  one  of  the  founders,  the  surveyor  and  first 
constable  of  Springfield,  Mass. ;  his  wife  was  Sarah 
Bauldwin,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife  (1) 
Euth  Jeanes,  (2)  Mary  North;  his  son  James  and 
his  wife  Mary  Mansfield;  their  son  John  and  his 
wife  Margaret  Cook;  their  son  Gideon  and  his  wife 
Mary;  and  their  son  Jeriah  and  his  wife  Eachel 
Searl,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  Franklin  E.  Searle  was  educated 
at  the  Tenbroeck  Academy,  Franklinville,  N.  Y., 
and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  began  teaching  school, 
meanwhile  studying  law.  In  1874  he  joined  his 
eldest  brother,  Dolson  Bush  Searle,  at  St.  Cloud, 
Minn.,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876. 
For  five  years  thereafter  he  practised  law  at  Sauk 
Center,  when  he  returned  to  St.  Cloud  and,  in 
association  with  his  brother,  Dolson,  established 
the  firm  of  D.  B.  and  F.  E.  Searle.  For 


four  years  he  was  city  attorney ;  was  president  of  the 
chamber  of  commerce,  and  the  board  of  education 
for  many  years,  and  in  1886  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  German- American  National  Bank.  In 
1895  he  became  president  of  the  Marine  National 
Bank  of  Duluth,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  that 
city.  Two  years  later  together  with  Herbert  B. 
Spencer,  he  established  the  law  firm  of  Searle  & 
Spencer.  Subsequently,  in  1902,  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  McNaught  &  Searle  of  New 
York  city.  Gradually  he  passed  from  local  to  na- 
tional and  thence  to  international  phases  of  law, 
embracing  affairs  in  Canada,  Central  and  South 
America,  England  and  China.  In  1903,  while 
arranging  concessions  for  a  railroad  enterprise 
in  China,  he  became  interested  in  the  question 
of  indemnities  demanded  by  the  nations  after 
the  Boxer  war,  and  the  injustice  to  China  in 
the  manner  of  payment.  He,  therefore,  wrote  a 
clear  and  concise  statement  of  the  position  of 
China,  almost  helpless  under  the  demands  made 
upon  her,  which,  when  published  by  the  New  York 
''Times,"  received  wide  recognition  and  won  him 
the  lasting  friendship  of  the  Chinese  Ambassador, 
Wu  Ting  Fang.  A  man  of  scrupulous  honor  and 
thoroughly  constructive  mind,  his  specialty  was  a 
genius  for  drawing  contracts.  He  was  intensely 
interested  in  the  development  of  natural  resources, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  director  of 
and  legal  advisor  for  the  Greene  Consolidated  Co., 
also  the  New  York  representative  of  numerous 
other  houses.  He  was  a  member  of  the  North  Star 
Masonic  lodge,  of  St.  Cloud;  Duluth  commander}', 
Knights  Templars;  Osman  Temple,  Mystic  Shrine, 
St.  Paul;  and  his  clubs  were  the  Kitchi  Gammi, 
of  Duluth,  the  Bepublican  and  Lawyers',  of  New 
York,  and  the  Dunwoodie  and  Mahopac  Country. 
He  waa  characterized  by  a  dignified  and  rather 
reserved  bearing,  though  genial  and  tactful  both 
in  his  business  and  social  relations.  He  was  fond 
of  all  outdoor  sports,  particularly  golf.  He  was 
married  Feb.  15,  1883,  to  Ida  Eloise,  daughter  of 
David  Davis,  of  Prescott,  Wis.,  and  they  had  two 
children:  Esther  Scott,  who  married  (1)  A.  Har- 
vey Shoup,  (2)  John  Lenney  Stehle;  and  Edith 
MacDonald,  who  married  Ingvar  Tokstad.  He 
died  in  New  York  city,  Apr.  22,  1916. 

OSTRANDER,  Russell  Cowles,  jurist,  wan 
born  in  Ypsilauti,  Mich.,  Sept.  1,  1851,  son  of 
Simon  and  Ellen  Gardner  (Cowles)  Ostrander,  and 
descended  from  a  colonial  family.  Eussell  C. 
Ostrander  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Lansing,  Mich.,  and  the  University  of  Michigan, 
where  he  was  graduated  LL.B.  in  1876.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  made  circuit  court  commis- 
sioner for  Ingham  county,  and  in  1881  was  pro- 
moted to  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
same  county.  After  two  years  of  these  duties  he 
devoted  himself  to  private  practice  with  much  suc- 
cess. In  1895  he  was  appointed  to  the  state  board 
of  law  examiners,  the  duties  of  which  position  he 
performed  for  the  next  nine  years  with  eminent 
satisfaction.  In  1904  he  was  chosen  to  the  bench 
•  of  the  supreme  court  of  Michigan  for  the  term 
closing  on  Dec.  31,  1911.  He  was  elected  for  a 
second  term  in  1911,  and  on  Apr.  7,  1919,  was 
again  elected  for  a  term  of  eight  years.  Accord- 
ing to  the  rules  of  the  court  he  became  chief  jus- 
tice on  Jan.  1,  1911,  and  served  for  the  year  and 
again  became  chief  justice  on  Jan.  1,  1918,  serv- 
ing for  one  year.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican, 
.and  served  as  mayor  of  Lansing  in  1896-97.  Judge 
'Ostrander  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  State 
•'.Bar  Association,  of  which  he  was  president  in 
«!l903-4,  and  various  other  legal  and  social  organi- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


3IJ1 


zations.  He  was  twice  married:  (I)  May  8,  1878, 
to  Dora  Porter  of  Jackson,  Mich.;  and  (II)  Oct. 
12,  1892,  to  Lou  S.  Davis  of  Lansing,  Mich.  He 
died  Sept.  12,  1919. 

POPE,  Alfred  Atmore,  capitalist  and  philan- 
thropist, was  born  at  North  Vassalboro,  Me.,  July 

4,  1842,  son  of  Alton   and   Theodore    (Stackpole) 
Pope.    His  first  American  ancestor  was  Joseph  Pope, 
son  of  Robert  Pope,  of  Yorkshire,   England,  who 
came  to   America  in   1634   and  settled  at   Salem, 
Mass.     From  Joseph  Pope  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through   his  son  Samuel  and  his  wife,  Ex- 
ercise Smith;   their  son  Samuel   (2d)   and  his  wife, 
Snrnh  Estes;  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife,  Phebe 
Winslow,  aud  their  son  John  and  his  wife,  Lydia 
Taber,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alfred  At- 
more Pope.     Alton  Pope  was  a  woolen  manufac- 
turer, first  in   Maine  aud  then  in  Ohio.     The  son 
was  educated  at  Oak  Grove  Seminary,  Vassalboro, 
Me.,  and  in  the  public  schools  of  Salem  and  Cleve- 
land,  O.,   his  parents  having   removed  to   Ohio  in 
his  early  youth.     He  began  his  business  career  in 
!Mi4   in   association  with   his   father  ami   brothers 
in  the  manufacture  of  woolens  at  Cleveland  under 
the  firm  name  of  Alton   Pope   &   Sons.     But   his 
business  connections  were  not  confined  to  the  tex- 
tile industry.     He  early  became  identified  with  the 
iron  trade.     In  1869  he  was  elected  secretary  and 
treasurer    of    the    Cleveland    Malleable    Iron    Co. 
and  in  1877,  president.     He  was  largely  interested 
in  malleable  iron  foundries  in  Cleveland,  Chicago, 
Indianapolis  and  Toledo,  and  when  in   1891  these 
properties  were  united  in  the  National   Malleable 
Castings    Co.    he    was    elected    president.      Subse- 
quently steel  castings  plants  at  Sharon,   Pa.,  and 
Melrose   Park,   111.,   were   added   to  the  company 's 
properties.     He  was  also  president,  of  the  Eberhard 
Manufacturing  Co.  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  was  a  di- 
rector of  the  North  &  Judd  Manufacturing  Co.  and 
the    Landers,    Frary    &    Clark    Co.,    both    of    New 
Britain,  Conn.;  the'Link-Belt  Co.,  of  Chicago,  111.; 
Colonial  Trust  Co.,  of  Waterbury,  Conn.,  and  the 
Century  Bank,  of  New  York  city.     He  was  also  a 
member   of   the   advisory   board    of   the   Guardian 
Savings  and  Trust  Co.,  Cleveland.     He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the   Union   and   Country   clubs,   Cleveland ; 
Metropolitan  Club,  New  York;  Piping  Rock  Coun- 
try Club,  Long  Island;   Hartford  Club,  Hartford, 
and  the  Country  Club  of  Farmington,  Conn.     Mr. 
Pope   was    a    discriminating    art    connoisseur    and 
natron,    and   possessed   a   choice   collection    of   im- 
j.ressionist   paintings   of   international   reputation. 
He  was  also  a  collector  of  mezzotints  and  of  Ital- 
ian and  Chinese  ware.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Fine  Arts,  London;  a  director  of 
of  the  Fogg  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  a  member  of  the  American  Historical 
Association.      He   was   a   trustee    of    Western    Re- 
serve University.     In  1901  he  moved  his  residence 
from   Cleveland   to   Farmington,   Conn.,   where,   on 
an  estate  of  several  acres,  he  indulged  in  fancy 
stock-raising.     Mr.  Pope  was  essentially  a  gentle- 
man  of  the   old   school  who   believed   in   humility, 
courtesy  and  goodness.     His  influence  over  others 
was  great  and  he  inspired  much  affection  from  all 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact.     He  was  married 
May  3,  1866,  to  Ada,  daughter  of  Joseph  Judson 
Brooks,  of  Salem,  O.,  and  left  one  daughter,  Theo- 
date,  a  graduate  of  Miss  Porter's  School  at  Farm- 
ington,  Conn.,   who   is   practicing   architecture   in 
Xew  York.     He  died  at  Farmington,  Conn.,  Aug. 

5,  1913. 

ARTHUR,  Clara  Blanche,  reformer,  was  born 
in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  Canada,  Oct.  25,  1858, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Nevers  Peters  and  Martha 


H.  (Lewis)  Peters.  She  is  descended  from  Judge 
William  Peters,  of  Rhode  Island,  who,  with  his 
son,  William,  went  to  New  Brunswick,  Canada, 
with  the  loyalists  at  the  time  of  the  American 
revolution.  The  latter 's  son,  Samuel  Leonard 
Peters,  who  married  Phoebe  Tilly,  was  the  grand- 
father of  Clara  B.  Peters.  Miss  Peters  was  edu- 
cated in  private  and  public  schools  and  the  Shef- 
field Academy  of  New  Brunswick  and  graduated 
from  the  New  Brunswick  Normal  Training  School 
for  Teachers  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  Her  mother 
was  the  first  woman  teacher  in  New  Brunswick  and 
an  early  advocate  of  co-education.  After  her  mar- 
riage in  1SS2,  Mrs.  Arthur  lived  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
where  she  became  interested  in  woman's  suffrage 
and  other  movements  for  the  uplift  of  the  com- 
munity and  state.  She  was  charter  member  of  the 
first  equal  suffrage  club  in  Detroit,  organized  in 
1887,  and  subsequently  was  its  president  for  four- 
teen years.  In  1906  she  was  elected  president  of 
the  State  Equal  Suffrage  Association  of  Michigan. 
Under  her  leadership,  the  suffragists  secured  a 
tnxpaying  and  bonding  franchise  through  the  re- 
vision of  the  state  Constitution,  and  beginning  in 
1912,  conducted  a  statewide  campaign  for  equal 
suffrage,  resulting  in  its  adoption  by  the  Michigan 
voters  in  1918.  Mrs.  Arthur  established  the  first 
public  playground  in  Detroit,  in  1901.  The  move- 
ment became  popular ;  two  more  were  opened 
within  two  years  and  she  then  secured  its  support 
by  the  school  board.  The  playground  movement 
led  to  the  establishment  of  a  city  recreation  com- 
mission which  has  charge  of  all  recreation,  and 
to  Mrs.  Arthur  was  also  due  the  introduction  of 
shower  baths  in  the  public  school  houses  of  De- 
troit. In  1908,  in  recognition  of  her  public  en- 
deavors, the  city  established  a  public  bathhouse 
and  named  it  "The  Clara."  Mrs.  Arthur  is  a 
member  of  the  City  Federation  of  Women  's  Clubs 
(president  in  1905)  ;  charter  member  of  the  Twen- 
tieth Century  club  and  the  Anti-Tuberculosis  so- 
ciety (president  and  vice-president);  member  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Tuberculosis  Sani- 
tarium and  chairman  of  the  Industrial  and  Child 
Labor  committee  of  Federation  of  Women's  clubs. 
She  was  married,  Sept.  20,  1882,  to  James  Arthur, 
a  successful  photographer  of  Detroit,  who  died  in 
1912.  Their  children  were  Kenneth  A.,  who  en- 
listed in  the  U.  S.  Nary  during  the  war  against 
Germany;  Nathalie,  who  married  Norman  Reinick- 
ner;  and  Muriel  Arthur.  Mrs.  Arthur  is  the 
author  of  a  brochure,  "Progress  of  Michigan 
Women''  (1910).  (Portrait  opposite  page  362.) 

BECKER,  Alfred  Le  Roy.  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  22,  1S78,  son  of  Tracy 
Chatfield  and  Minnie  A.  (Le  Roy)  Becker.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Jan  Jeu- 
riaenszen  Becker,  who  came  from  Amsterdam,  Hol- 
land, in  1655  and  settled  in  New  Xetherland. 
From  him  and  his  wife,  Marie  Adriaens,  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Johannes 
and  his  wife  Anna  Van  der  Zee;  their  son  Jo- 
hannes and  his  wife  Cornelia  Uzielle;  their  sou 
Abraham  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Becker;  their 
son  Storm  A.  and  his  wife  Dina  Eckerson,  to 
their  son  Storm  A.  Becker  and  his  wife  Eliza  M. 
Cannon,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Alfred 
Le  Roy  Becker.  On  his  mother's  side  he  is  de- 
scended from  Simeon  LeRoy,  flit  Audy,  who  cnme 
from  Normandy  and  settled  in  Quebec  in  1668. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1900 
and  received  the  degree  LL.B.  at  the  college  of 
law  of  the  University  of  Buffalo  in  1902.  He  at 
once  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Buf 
falo  and  continued  there  until  1919,  when  he  re- 


362 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


moved  to  New  York  city.  He  was  lecturer  in 
Buffalo  Law  School  during  1902-05;  special  coun- 
sel to  the  attorney-general  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  1905-06;  deputy  attorney-general,  with 
headquarters  in  Albany  and  New  York  city, 
1915-19.  During  1917-19  he  made  an  extensive 
investigation  of  German  plots  and  propaganda, 
including  the  celebrated  Bolo-Pacha,  Caillaux,  and 
Humbert  cases  for  the  French  government.  These 
latter  investigations  came  about  through  the  initi- 
ative of  M.  J'usserand,  French  Ambassador  to 
the  U.  S.,  who  appealed,  in  disregard  of  diplo- 
matic precedent,  directly  to  Gov.  Whitman  of  New 
York.  The  governor  submitted  the  matter  to  the 
attorney-general  and  it  was  under  the  authority  of 
the  "Peace  and  Safety"  act  of  New  York  that  the 
investigations  were  undertaken.  This  statute, 
passed  by  the  New  York  legislature  in  May,  1917, 
bore  a  curious  analogy  to  the  procedure  of  tho 
Latin  nations  in  that  it  gave  the  attorney-general 
the  wide  powers  of  investigation  of  the  French 
juge  d  'instruction.  As  the  active  official  in 
charge,  Mr.  Becker  examined  nearly  1,000  wit- 
nesses. The  most  intricate  financial  operations 
of  the  agents  of  the  German  government  were 
traced  from  Berlin  to  their  bases  in  New  York 
city  resulting  in  the  full  disclosure  of  the  Ger- 
man system  of  financing  propaganda  and  plots  of 
violence.  The  evidence  was  obtained  that  Bolo- 
Pacha  received  in  New  Y'ork  ten  million  francs 
from  the  German  government,  and  upon  this  proof 
he  was  convicted  by  a  French  military  court  as  a 
traitor  and  executed  Apr.  17,  1918.  The  Alien 
Property  Custodian  also  was  assisted  by  Mr. 
Becker  's  vigorous  probing  under  this  act  in  locat- 
ing and  seizing  property  and  other  assets  repre- 
senting large  sums  of  money.  In  his  investigation 
of  the  case  of  Joseph  Caillaux,  Mr.  Becker  traced 
the  history  of  the  visit  paid  by  the  former  French 
premier  to  South  America  in  1914-15,  during 
which  he  got  into  indirect  communication  with 
Von  Luxburg,  then  charge  d'affaires,  later  Ger- 
man minister  to  Argentina.  All  this  evidence 
is  now  in  possession  of  the  French  authori- 
ties. Mr.  Becker  also  traced  the  funds  of  the 
German  Government  from  the  embassy  bank  ac- 
counts in  New  York  to  the  treasury  of  the  New 
York  "Evening  Mail,"  thus  obtaining  proof 
that  that  newspaper  was  owned  and  subsidized  by 
Germany.  He  is  author  of  a  number  of  articles  on 
medico-legal  and  historical  topics,  and  contributed 
to  the  2d  edition  of  Witthaus  &  Becker's  "Medical 
Jurisprudence,  Forensic  Medicine  and  Toxicol- 
ogy" (William  Wood  &  Co.,  New  York,  1906). 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Hollaii'1  Society  of  New 
York,  Buffalo  Historical  Society,  Phi  Delta  Phi 
ind  Masonic  fraternities,  American  Bar  Associa- 
ticn,  New  York  State  Bar  Association,  Fort 
Orange  Club,  Albany;  Harvard  and  Republican 
clubs,  New  York,  and  University  Club,  Buffalo. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  historical  studies, 
his  collection  of  authorities  on  the  history  of  his 
native  state  being  a  (feature  of  his  well  stocked 
library.  He  is  by  nature,  early  training  and  en- 
vironment, a  student,  seeking  always  to  secure  the 
fullest  and  most  authentic  array  of  facts  to  sup- 
port cases.  This  thoroughness  in  preparation, 
augmented  by  an  unusual  facility  in  the  effective 
presentation  of  his  contention  weighs  heavily  in 
his  tavor  with  bench  and  jury.  He  married  in 
New  York  city,  Dec.  22,  1910,  Eulabee,  daughter 
of  Horace  Philip  Dix,  a  merchant  of  Grand  Eapids, 
Mich.  They  have  two  children:  Philip  Dix  (1912) 
and  Joan  Becker  (1914).  Mrs.  Becker  is  a  dis- 
tinguished miniature  painter,  a  member  of  the 


American  Society  of  Miniature  Painters,  the  Penn- 
sylvania Miniature  Society  and  of  the  Royal  So- 
ciety of  Miniature  Painters  of  England.  Mr. 
Becker  is  now  (May,  1919),  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Franc  &  Becker  engaged  in  the  general 
practice  of  the  law  in  New  York  city. 

BAKER.  George,  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Richmond-on-Thames,  England,  Dec.  19,  1837,  son 
of  George  and  Eliza  (Petty)  Baker.  At  the  age 
of  ten  years  he  was  apprenticed  to  his  father,  who 
was  a  shoemaker,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  be- 
came a  journeyman.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  Cri- 
mean war  he  joined  the  army  and  took  part  in  the 
principal  engagements  of  that  historic  struggle, 
during  which  he  became  personally  acquainted 
with  Florence  Nightingale,  "who  was  in  charge  of 
the  nurses  at  the  time  of  the  terrible  epidemic  of 
Asiatic  cholera.  Coming  to  America  in  July,  1857, 
he  worked  at  his  trade  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and 
later  became  foreman  in  the  shoe  factories  of  E.  C. 
Burt  &  Co.,  S.  Waterbury,  Hamilton,  Pratt  &  Co., 
and  J.  &  T.  Cousins  in  New  York  city.  In  1883 
Mr.  Baker  established  a  business  of  his  own,  under 
his  own  name,  at  Broadway  and  Grove  street, 
Brooklyn.  Fifteen  years  later  the  rapidly-expand- 
ing firm  moved  to  its  commodious,  modern  brick 
factory  at  645—649  Lexington  avenue,  containing 
a  floor  space  of  20.00(1  square  feet,  and  a 
capacity  of  700  pairs  of  shoes  per  day.  Mr. 
Baker  's  firm  devotes  itself  exclusively  to  the  man- 
ufacture of  women 's,.  misses ',  and  children's  fine 
shoes  and  "Startright,"  the  trademark  of  its 
misses'  and  children's  shoes,  is  familiar  the  world 
over.  Its  annual  turnover  is  approximately  $500,- 
000.  Of  late  years  the  active  conduct  of  the  busi- 
ness has  been  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Baker's  sons, 
Walter  S.  and  Charles  A.  Baker.  In  spite  of  a 
strenuous  manufacturing  life  Mr.  Baker  has  found 
time  to  take  an  active  interest  in  a  number  of 
other  important  industries  as  well  as  in  social 
affairs.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  People's 
Bank  of  Brooklyn  in  1893  (since  merged  with  the 
Union  Bank)  and  is  a  member  of  the  Manufac- 
turers' Association  of  New  York,  the  Common- 
wealth Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  the  Prospect 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  married  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Dec.  24,  1860,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Rendell.  originally  from  England,  by  whom 
he  had  five  children:  Sarah  Eleanor,  George  Will- 
iam, Walter  Scott,  Eliza  Isabel  and  Charles  Alfred 
Baker.  After  her  death  he  was  married  on  July 
_'ii.  1S87,  to  Hattie  A.  Shute. 

LTJTHER,  Edward  Staats,  political  writer, 
was  born  at  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  9,  1876, 
son  of  Alvin  and  Marianna  (Sickler)  Luther,  and 
a  descendant  of  John  Luther,  colonial  governor 
of  Rhode  Island  in  1642.  His  father  was  a 
banker  and  a  broker  of  New  Y'ork  city  and  his 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Peter  C.  Sickler,  a 
direct  descendant  of  the  family  which  settled  along 
the  Hudson  river  early  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  for  which  Staatsburg,  N.  Y.,  was  named. 
Edward  S.  Luther  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  high  schools  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  started 
business  life  in  1893  as  a  newspaper  reporter 
in  Albany,  soon  becoming  a  political  writer  and 
correspondent  at  the  state  legislature  for  several 
influencial  state  newspapers.  He  continued  in 
this  line  of  work  until  1899  when  he  moved  to 
New  York  and  joined  the  staff  of  the  New  York 
"Times"  as  political  and  financial  writer.  After 
several  years  with  the  "Times,"  and  as  a  special 
writer,  Mr.  Luther  became  political  editor  of  the 
New  Y.ork  Morning  "Telegraph"  in  1914,  con- 
tributing daily  signed  articles,  which  have  been 


CLARA  B.  ARTHUR 
REFORMER 


ALFRED  LER.  BECKER 

LAWYER 


GEORGE  BAKER 
MANUFACTURER 


EDWARD  S.  LUTHER 
FINANCIER 


RICHARD  J.  GOODMAN 
LAWYER 


RUFUS  S.  MOORE 
MANUFACTURER 


OTHMAX  n.  ABBOTT 
LAWYER 


JOHN  S.  McKAV 
EDUCATOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


363 


widely  copied.  In  addition  he  has  written  a  num- 
ber of  magazine  articles  on  both  political  and 
financial  subjects  and  has  attended  all  important 
political  conventions  and  gatherings  for  twenty- 
five  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lotos  Club, 
the  Pilgrims  of  the  United  States,  the  France- 
America  Society,  the  Sous  of  the  Revolution  and 
Founders  and  Patriots  of  America;  is  a  fellow  of 
the  American  Geographical  Society,  vice-president 
of  the  Albany  Legislative  Correspondents  As- 
sociation and  a  member  of  the  New  York  City 
Hall  Reporters  Association.  He  was  married, 
Nov.  9,  1915,  to  Harriet  Porcher  Lewis,  of  Clem- 
son  College,  South  Carolina. 

GOODMAN,  Bichard  Johnston,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Mar.  23,  1875,  son  of 
Aaron  C'ossitt  and  Anuie  M.  (Johnston)  Goodman, 
and  a  descendant  of  Richard  Goodman,  who  came 
ever  from  England  in  1632  and  joined  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  Colony,  being  subsequently  a  mem- 
ber of  Rev.  Joseph  Hooker 's  party  which  settled 
in  Hartford  in  1636.  Richard  Goodman  married 
Mary  Terry,  and  the  line  of  descent  is  traced" 
through  their  son  Richard,  who  married  Abigail 
Pantry;  their  son  Timothy,  who  married  Joanna 
Wadsworth  (the  granddaughter  of  Capt.  Joseph 
Wadsworth,  who  is  alleged  to  have  hidden  Connecti- 
cut's  charter  in  the  charter  oak)  ;  their  son  Rich- 
ard J.,  who  married  Nancy  Seymour ;  their  son 
Aaron,  who  married  Alma  Cossitt,  and  was  the 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr. 
Goodman's  father,  Aaron  C.  Goodman  (1822—99) 
was  president  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  Insur- 
ance Co.  during  1875-89.  The  son  was  graduated  at 
Yale  University  in  1896.  In  1899  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  LL.B.  at  the  Yale  Law  School,  and  immedi- 
ately opened  an  office  for  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  the  city  of  Hartford.  He  met  with  success 
from  the  start  and  during  1903—04  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  common  council  of  Hartford.  In  1905  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Leslie  W.  Newberry 
under  the  firm  name  of  Newberry  and  Goodman, 
which  still  continues.  He  participated  actively 
in  local  politics,  being  prominent  among  the  young- 
er element  which  has  built  up  the  present  Republican 
organization  in  his  city.  As  an  organizer  he  is  en- 
dowed with  unusual  executive  ability,  untiring 
energy,  and  with  a  keen  insight  into  character, 
traits  which  have  made  his  services  particularly 
valuable  in  the  selection  of  the  right  men  for  public 
office.  He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  party  organi- 
zation as  well  as  of  purity  in  politics,  and  is  a 
etauneh  advocate  of  all  movements  for  the  welfare 
of  the  state.  Mr.  Goodman  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  Town  Committee  during  1904—08.  In 
addition  to  his  ever  growing  legal  practice,  he  is 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  Bush  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  organized  in  1908  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $50,000  for  the  manufacture  of  automo- 
bile parts.  In  1899  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  1st 
infantry  militia,  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant 
and  captain  in  1902,  major,  in  1907,  and  lieu- 
tenant-colonel in  1908.  He  commanded  his  com- 
pany during  the  street  car  riots  at  Waterbu'rv, 
Conn.,  in  1903,  and  participated  in  the  manoeuvres 
at  Manassas  in  1904  and  around  Boston  in  1909. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Hartford  Golf,  University 
and  Republican  clubs  of  Hartford,  Yale  Club  of 
New  York,  Graduates  Club  of  New  Haven,  and 
the  St.  John's  lodge  and  Washington  commandery 
of  the  Masonic  order. 

MOORE,  Rufus  Scudder,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Mount  Angel,  Marion  co..  Ore.,  Mar.  7,  1855, 
son  of  William  Smith  and  Margaret  Octavia 
(Meldrum)  Moore.  His  father,  a  native  of  Illi- 


nois, became  an  Oregon  pioneer  in  1848 ;  he 
was  a  millwright  and  lumberman,  served  as  post- 
master at  Klamath  Falls  and  as  county  judge 
of  Klamath  county.  Rufus  Scudder  Moore  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Willam- 
ette University.  Having  learned  surveying  under 
the  preceptorship  of  an  uncle,  in  1882-1902,  he 
was  a  U.  S.  deputy  surveyor,  under  the  contract 
system.  For  two  years  he  was  county  surveyor 
of  Klamath  county.  His  father  built  a  sawmill 
on  the  Link  river,  in  Klamath  county,  in  1878, 
and  conducted  it  in  partnership  with  his  son, 
Charles  Simmer  Moore  (q.v.)  In  1887  Rufus 
Scudder  Moore  acquired  the  interest  of  his 
parent,  and  thereafter,  until  1910,  the  brothers 
conducted  the  business  under  the  firm  style  of 
C.  S.  &  R.  S.  Moore.  It  was  the  first  sawmill 
in  that  section,  and  throughout  a  long  period 
they  supplied  the  country  for  a  radius  of  fifty 
miles,  with  lumber  products  of  their  manufac- 
ture. Meanwhile,  they  acquired  20,000  acres  of 
land  in  Klamath  county,  disposing  of  much  of 
it  at  a  splendid  profit,  principally  to  the  Weyer- 
haeuser Land  &  Timber  Co.  They  also  built  a 
power  plant  on  the  west  side  of  the  Link  river, 
subsequently  acquiring  the  electric  and  water 
plants  at  Klamath  Falls  and  combining  them  under 
one  management,  which  supplied  light  and  power 
to  the  towns  of  Klamath  Falls,  Merrill  and  Bo- 
nanza. These  plants  are  now  the  property  of 
the  California  &  Oregon  Light  &  Power  Co.  With 
his  brother  and  others  he  built,  in  1910,  a  twelve- 
story  office  building  in  Portland,  and  he  is  in- 
terested as  officer,  director  or  stockholder  in 
various  commercial,  industrial  and  financial  proj- 
ects in  southern  Oregon  and  in  Portland.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Work- 
men and  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order 
of  Elks.  His  political  affiliation  is  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  has  served  as  chairman  of 
the  Klamath  county  central  committee,  as  mem- 
ber of  the  state  central  committee,  and  was 
delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  his  party 
which  met  in  Philadelphia  in  1900.  He  finds  his 
chief  recreation  in  motoring  and  in  hunting  and 
camping  in  the  mountains  of  southern  Oregon. 
He  was  married  in  Portland,  Ore.,  July  7,  1900, 
to  Clara  A.,  daughter  of  William  Shaw,  of  New- 
bury,  Berkshire,  England. 

ABBOTT,  Othman.  Ali,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Hatley,  Out.,  Can.,  Sept.  16,  1842,  son  of  Abiei 
Boyington  and  Sabrie  (Young)  Abbott.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancester  was  George 
Abbott,  who  came  from  England  in  1640  and  set- 
tled at  Andover,  Mass.  His  wife  was  Hannah 
Chandler,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  William  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Gray;  their  son  Philips  and  his  wife 
Abigail  Bickford;  their  son  Abiel  and  his  wife 
Abigail  Fenton;  their  son  Abiel  and  his  wife  Ruth 
Hovey,  to  their  son  John  Abbott  and  his  wife 
Lydia  Boynton,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Othman  Ali  Abbott.  Abiel  B.  Abbott,  father  of 
the  subject,  was  a  farmer.  Othman  A.  Abbott 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  public 
schools,  including  Belvidere  (111.)  high  school. 
He  studied  law  at  Belvidere,  111.,  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship of  Ira  M.  Moore,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Nebraska  in  1867,  and  in  that  year  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Grand  Island, 
Neb.  He  served  as  county  attorney  of  Hall 
county:  wns  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state  sen- 
ate; of  the  Nebraska  constitutional  convention? 
of  1871  and  1875,  and  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
hip  adopted  state  during  1877  and  1878,  the  first 


364 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


lieutenant-governor  of  the  state.  He  served  over 
four  years  in  the  civil  war  as  a  member  of  Co.  I, 
9th  regiment,  Illinois  volunteer  cavalry;  was 
wounded  at  Pontotoc,  Miss.,  and  Nashville,  Tenn., 
and  received  his  honorable  discharge  in  December, 
1S64,  as  1st  lieutenant.  His  law  practice,  which 
is  general,  extends  to  the  state  and  federal  courts 
and  the  supreme  court  of  the  I'nited  States.  Aside 
from  his  professional  activities  he  was  a  director 
in  the  Citizen 's  National  Bank  and  the  Grand 
Island  Banking  Co.  He  was  delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional Republican  convention  of  1900.  He  is  a 
companion  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion;  has  served  as  secretary  or  adjutant  of  his 
post,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber also  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  various  bar 
associations.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  gar- 
dening and  tree-planting.  He  was  one  of  the  ear- 
liest settlers  of  Grand  Island.  He  was  married  at 
Sycamore,  111.,  Feb.  9,  1873,  to  Elizabeth  M., 
daughter  of  James  Griffin  and  Emeline  Griffin,  of 
DeKalb  Co.,  111.;  they  have  four  children:  Otlnnan 
A.,  Jr.,  court  reporter;  Edith,  associate  director 
Chicago  School  of  Civics  and  Philanthrophy,  and 
resident  of  Hull  House,  Chicago;  Grace,  director 
Immigrants'  Protective  League,  and  resident  Hull 
House,  Chicago,  and  Arthur  Griffin  Abbott,  a 
lawyer  of  Chicago. 

McKAY,  John  Sophronus,  educator,  was  born 
at  Espyville,  Pa.,  May  15,  1850,  son  of  Robert 
and  Susan  (Garrison)  McKay,  grandson  of 
Joseph  and  Mary  McKay  and  a  descendant  of 
Neil  McKay,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
Ireland  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania  in  174'A 
He  was  graduated  at  Allegheny  College  in  1*76, 
and  after  spending  one  year  as  instructor  at  his 
alma  mater  became  professor  of  physics  at  the 
State  Normal  School,  Indiana,  Pa.  Subsequently 
he  was  for  four  years  principal  of  Franklin 
Academy  and  had  general  supervision  of  the 
school  system  of  Malone,  N.  Y.  A  distinguished 
feature  of  his  work  at  Franklin  Academy  was 
the  equipment  of  a  working  laboratory  with 
individual  apparatus  for  the  students  in  physics, 
this  being  one  of  the  first  laboratories  for  indi- 
vidual work  established  in  the  secondary  schools 
of  New  York  state.  In  1890  he  became  pro- 
fessor of  physics  and  mathematics  at  Packer 
Collegiate  Institute,  Brooklyn,  continuing  until 
his  resignation  in  1916.  As  a  teacher  Dr. 
McKay  had  few,  if  any,  superiors.  He  not  only 
presented  his  subject  clearly  and  logically,  but 
he  was  master  of  the  Socratic  method.  He  told 
a  student  nothing  which  by  skillful  questioning 
he  could  lead  her  to  discover  for  herself. 
While  in  Brooklyn  he  was  one  of  the  regular 
lecturers  in  the  public  courses  offered  by  the 
New  York  board  of  education  and  for  many 
years  he  was  connected  with  the  Brooklyn 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  as  s.  lecturer, 
a  member  of  its  council,  and  president  of  the 
department  of  physics.  He  was  an  expert  in 
experimentation  and  his  success  as  a  lecturer 
was  due  as  much  to  his  ability  to  manipulate 
his  apparatus  before  large  audiences  as  to  his 
complete  mastery  of  the  subject  matter.  Dr. 
McKay  was  the  embodiment  of  kindliness,  and 
his  inherent  geniality  and  unobtrusive  religious 
feeling  were  among  his  most  marked  characteris- 
tics. He  loved  the  companionship  of  his  family, 
his  friends  and  his  books,  and  found  his  highest 
pleasures  in  that  intimate  circle  where  he  was 
best,  known  and  loved.  In  1887  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Allegheny 
College.  He  was  married  Aug.  24,  1880,  to 


Martha,  daughter  of  Philip  Elijah  Keeler,  of 
Burlington,  Vt.,  and  had  one  son,  Charles 
Watson  McKay,  mechanical  engineer  and  writer 
on  industrial  subjects.  He  died  in  New  York  city, 
Mar.  0,  1917.  (Portrait  opposite  previous  page.) 
BLETHEN.  Alden  Joseph,  lawyer,  editor  and 
publisher,  was  bom  at  Knox,  Waldo  co.,  Me., 
Dec.  27,  1S46,  sou  of  Alden  and  Abbie  (Lamson) 
Blethen.  His  earliest  paternal  American  an- 
cestor was  Isaiah  Blethen,  a  native  of  Corn- 
wall, who  came  from  England  in  1680  and  set- 
tled at  Ipswich,  Mass.  From  him  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  David  Blethen  and  his 
wife  Balinda  Thompson,  to  their  son  Joseph 
and  his  wife  Jenette  Allen,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Alden  Joseph  Blethen.  Joseph 
Blethen  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature. 
Alden  Blethen,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a  mer- 
chant. The  son  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  and  was  graduated  at 
Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  and  College,  Kent's 
Hill,  in  1868".  In  1872  he  won  the  degree  A.M. 
at  Bowdoin  College.  In  ]sr,;i  7:;  he  was  lessee 
and  principal  of  the  Abbot  Family  School  for 
Boys,  Farmington,  Me.,  meanwhile  studying  law. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Maine  in  1873 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Portland.  In  18SO  he  removed  to  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  where  for  four  years  he  was  manager  and 
part  owner  of  the  Kansas  City  "Journal." 
Thence  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and 
with  Edwin  B.  Haskell,  of  the  Boston  "Herald," 
he  acquired  the  Minneapolis  "Tribune,''  serving 
as  its  editor.  In  1885  he  purchased  the  Min- 
neapolis "Journal,"  of  which  he  was  manager 
until  he  sold  out  in  1888.  The  following  year 
he  repurchased  the  ' '  Tribune, ' '  but  fire  destroyed 
the  building  shortly  thereafter,  and  he  thus  suf- 
fered heavy  losses.  In  1890  he  erected  the  new 
Tribune  building,  but  in  the  financial  panic  of 
1893,  together  with  an  unfortunate  banking 
venture,  he  lost  all  that  he  had.  Wrhile  in 
Minnesota  he  served  as  colonel  on  the  staffs  of 
Govs.  Nelson  and  Clough.  Desiring  to  begin 
anew  in  the  newspaper  field  he  removed  to 
Seattle,  Wash.,  in  1896  and  purchased  the 
' '  Times, ' '  an  evening  newspaper,  then  a  folio 
sheet  with  but  three  thousand  circulation  and 
no  plant.  It  was  not  long  before  he  had  in- 
creased the  circulation  to  more  than  double. 
From  that  time  forward  the  paper  grew  steadily, 
increasing  in  size  from  four  to  twenty  pages,  and 
at  his  death  enjoyed  a  circulation  of  75,000 
copies  daily  and  85,000  on  Sunday.  In  1901 
he  erected  "a  building  especially  for  his  news- 
paper and  prior  to  his  death  had  completed  plans 
for  the  present  Times  building,  a  triangle 
bounded  by  Fourth  and  Fifth,  Stewart  and 
Olive  streets.  He  was  a  factor  in  Washington 
politics,  first  as  a  supporter  of  Bryan  and  later 
as  a  Republican  and  was  regent  of  the  University 
of  Washington,  serving  as  president  of  the 
board  for  a  year.  The  Blethen  Chimes  at  that 
institution  were  his  gift.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  boards  of  trade  and  chambers  of  Commerce 
of  Kansas  City,  Minneapolis  and  Seattle;  received 
the  honorary  "33d  degree  in  Masonry  and  held 
membership  "also  in  the  Rainier,  Arctic,  Golf,  and 
Press  clubs,  Seattle.  With  matchless  energy  and 
foresight  Col.  Blethen  made  the  "Times"  the 
greatest  evening  daily  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
Under  his  personal  direction  it  became  both  the 
moulder  and  the  mirror  of  public  opinion  in 
Washington.  The  spirit  of  progress  actuated  him 
throughout  the  years  of  his  connection  wit!' 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


365 


journalism  and  he  accomplished  much  to  awaken 
sentiment  that  has  had  marked  bearing  upon 
public  activity  and  the  upbuilding  of  his  city 
and  the  Pacific  northwest.  He  feared  no  man 
and  he  spoke  his  convictions  with  the  courage  of 
bis  virile  mind.  The  columns  of  his  newspaper 
offer  the  highest .  eulogy  to  his  character  and 
principles  that  can  be  uttered.  His  constructive 
influence  long  will  be  felt  among  the  newspaper 
fraternity  of  the  Pacific  northwest,  for  he  was 
a  splendid  journalist  and  a  great-hearted  gentle- 
man. He  was  married  at  Fannington,  Me.,  Mar. 
12,  1869,  to  Rose  A.,  daughter  of  Capt.  David 
P.  Hunter,  a  farmer  of  Strong,  Franklin  CO., 
Me.  She  survives  him  with  four  children :  Al- 
den  Joseph,  Jr.,  who  succeeded  his  father  as 
president  of  the  Times  Printing  Co.;  Clarence 
Brettun,  vice-president  of  that  company  and 
editor  of  the  ''Times";  Florence  Adelaide,  wife 
of  Gilbert  LeBaron  Duffy;  and  Marion  Rose, 
wife  of  Dr.  Thomas  Mesdag.  He  died  at  Seattle, 
Wash.,  July  12,  1915. 

HOPKIN,  Robert,  artist,  was  born  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  Jan.  3,  1S32,  son  of  Robert  and  Jeanne 
(Miller)   Hopkin.     His  grandfather  was  a  sea  cap- 
tain  of  Rothsay,   and   often  took  the   lad  on   his 
coasting  trips,  where  he  saw  the.  great  ships  of  the 
world,  and  where  the  mystery  and  fascination  of 
the  sea  came  upon  him.     His  love  for  art  was  in- 
born.     As    his    father    was    the    librarian    of    the 
Glasgow  public  library,  the  son  spent  many  hours 
poring  over  the  art  books  and  engravings   there. 
When   he   was   ten  years   old   his   parents   came   to 
America,  settling  in  Detroit,  Mich,  where  with  the 
exception  of  his  cruises  abroad  and  a  brief  resi- 
dence in  Chicago,  111.,  he  lived  for  the  rest  of  his 
life.      He    spent    much    of    his    youth    along    the 
wharves   of   Detroit,   and   his  first   marine   picture, 
painted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  so -pleased  his  em- 
ployer that  the  latter  exhibited  it  in  a  store  win- 
dow  on   Woodward   avenue.     The   only   instruction 
he  obtained  was  from  Frederick  E.  Cohen,  a  por- 
ti  lit  painter,  who  taught  him  how  to  mix  colors. 
He   now  took  up   scene   painting,  which   was   fol-. 
lowed  by  mural  decorations  for  churches  and  public 
buildings,  and  was  so  successful  in  this  line  that 
in   1870  he  removed  with  his  family  to   Chicago, 
where  he  had  steady  commissions  and  good  prices, 
but  the  great  fire  of  1871  destroyed  his  studio  and 
he  returned  to  Detroit.     The  first  drop  curtain  in 
the  old  Detroit  opera  house  was  painted  by  Hop- 
kin.     It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1897.     He  made 
frequent  trips  throughout  the  West  from  I860  to 
1885,  painting  scenery  and  curtains  for  theatres 
and   mural   paintings   for   public   buildings.     Per- 
haps the  best  of  the  latter  is  owned  by  the  Cotton 
Exchange  of  New  Orleans,  comprising  four  marine 
views  in  panel  form,  for  which  he  was  paid  $2,500. 
At  the  same  time  he  was  painting  a  large  number 
of   sea   views   which    found   a    ready   sale.      It   is 
said   that  the   artist   himself   did   not   know   their 
number,   and   no   two   were    alike.      Ma'ny   of   the 
pictures  were  without  date.     While  his  chief  fame 
and   success   are   in   his   marines,   he  was   equally 
successful  in  landscapes  and  woodlands,  especially 
his  Scotch  mountains  and  quaint  old  street  scenes 
of    New    Orleans,    Savannah.    Boston    and    Ports- 
mouth.    An  interesting  series  of  illustrations  by 
him    is    a    set    of    twelve    paintings    illustrating 
Thomas  Watson's  poem,  "The  Sportsman's  Rev- 
erie. ' '    Among  the  best  of  all  Hopkin  's  canvases 
are:    "The  Farewell,"  depicting  a  Scotch  family 
leaving  their  native  land  in  the  yawl  boat  of  an 
emigrant  ship,  steel  engraved  copies  of  which  were 
extensively    sold    in    America    and    Scotland,    the 


original  being  now  owned  by  a  resident  of  Cleve- 
land, O. ;  "Homeward  Bound,"  "Moonlight"  and 
' '  Kilkennan  Sound, ' '  owned  by  Charles  L.  Clark 
of  Detroit;  "Manning  the  Life  Boat,"  owned  by 
William  C.  Weber  of  Detroit;  "Clearing  Away," 
' '  Chicago  Breakwater, "  "  Old  Ship  Constitution  in 
Boston  Navy  Yard"  and  "Mid  Ocean,"  owned  by 
George  Farwell,  Detroit;  "The  Gypsy  Camp," 
"Setting  of  the  Range  Lights,"  "Windy  Day 
in  the  Channel, "  "In  the  White  Mountains, ' ' 
' '  Down  the  Clyde, "  "  The  Open  Sea, "  "  Sunset  on 
the  Coast  of  Scotland, ' '  and  ' '  The  Graveyard  by 
the  Sea, ' '  in  the  Detroit  Museum  of  Art.  Robert 
Hopkiu  was  one  of  the  three  subjects  in  Albert 
Wenzell's  picture  entitled  "The  Council  of  War," 
painted  at  the  time  of  the  Spanish-American  war, 
an  engraved  copy  of  which  was  extensively  sold 
throughout  the  country.  He  was  a  life  member  of 
St.  Andrew's  Society,  the  Detroit  Artists'  Associa- 
tion, the  Hopkin  Club,  and  the  Western  Artists 
Association,  of  which  he  was  president.  Robert 
Hopkin  was  married,  Dec.  31,  1851,  to  Evaliue, 
daughter  of  John  Godfrey  of  Detroit,  and  hud 
six  children:  Sophronia  A.,  who  married  Frank 
B.  Gibson,  Robert  B.,  William  G.,  Joseph,  John 
and  Marshall  M.  Hopkin.  Of  these  children 
Sophronia  A.  and  Robert  B.  are  the  only  survivors. 
He  died  at  his  home  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  21, 
1909. 

MTJSSER,  George  Washington,  jurist,  was 
born  in  the  Sacramento  Valley,  CaL,  May  15,  1862, 
son  of  Christian  and  Mary  (O  'Reilley)  Musser.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Indiana  and 
at  the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School,  where  he 
was  granted  B.S.  in  1885,  and  started  out  in  life 
as  a  school  teacher.  In  1886  he  settled  in  Colorado 
Springs,  Colo.  While  teaching  school  and  woikini; 
in  county  offices  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1891.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Colorado  Springs  on  his  own  account 
in  1895.  For  fourteen  years  Mr.  Musser  had  a 
growing  and  honorable  practice.  In  November, 
1908,  he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket  as  a 
member  of  the  supreme  bench  of  Colorado,  under 
Chief  Justice  Robert  W.  Steele,  for  a  term  to  last 
until  January,  1915.  By  an  order  of  the  court  on 
Mar.  16,  1909,  it  was  determined  that  the  chief 
justiceship  should  be  succeeded  to  in  January, 
1911,  by  Justice  John  Campbell  and  by  Justice 
Musser  in  the  same  month  of  1913,  who  was  to 
hold  the  office  until  the  same  month  of  1915.  As 
justice  his  first  opinion  was  in  the  case  of  the 
Henry  Investment  Co.  vs.  Semonian,  and  after  be- 
coming chief  justice  his  first  opinion  was  in  Smith 
vs.  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.,  while  his 
last  reported  opinion  was  an  extended  concurring 
one  in  Stewart  vs.  Talbot  at  the  close  of  his  term. 
Chief  Justice  Musser  has  made  his  home  in  Denver 
since  the  expiration  of  his  term.  In  1909  and 
1910  he  was  grand  master  of  Masons  of  Colorado. 
He  was  married  Apr.  2,  1891,  to  Belle,  daughter 
of  Daniel  McCoy  of  Livingston  county,  111.,  and 
has  four  children:  Ruth  (now  Mrs.  Huffman), 
Georgiebello,  John  and  Richard. 

SHEPARB,  Edward  Morse,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  July  23,  1850,  son  of  Lorenzo 
B.  and  Lucy  (Morse)  Shepard.  His  father  was 
TJ.  S.  district  attorney  and  district  attorney  of 
New  York  county,  corporation  counsel  of  the  city, 
and  a  sachem  o'f  Tammany  Hall.  The  son  was 
reared  in  Brooklyn  under  the  guardianship  of 
Abram  S.  Hewitt',  his  father's  friend,  and  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  Oberlin  College,  and 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  winning 
medals  for  scholarship  and  mathematics  at  the 


366 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


latter.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  John  E. 
Parsons,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875, 
forming  a  partnership  in  the  following  year  with 
Albert  Stickney.  Subsequently  an  alliance  was 
made  with  David  B.  Ogden  and  his  former  pre- 
ceptor under  the  firm  name  of  Parsons,  Shepard  & 
Ogden,  and  subsequently  his  partners  were  William 
Mason  Smith  and  William  H.  Harkness.  Mr.  Shep- 
ard  was  counsel  for  the  rapid  transit  commission 
of  New  York  and  the  Pennsylvania  railway.  A 
thoughtful  speaker,  he  combined  high  ideals  with 
the  astuteness  of  the  trained  lawyer  and  the 
accomplishments  of  the  scholar.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  number  of  books  on  social,  economic  and. 
political  subjects,  and  he  wrote  for  the  "American 
Statesman"  series  a  life  of  Pres.  Van  Buren.  He 
was  never  married,  and  died  at  Lake  George, 
N.  Y.,  July  2S,  1911. 

BULLOCK,  James  Edward,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  London,  Ontario,  Canada,  Jan.  31, 
1S44,  son  of  Edward  and  Catherine  Matilda 
(Rivers)  Bullock.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Jonathan  Watson,  J.P..  D.L.,  F.R.S., 
of  Ringshall,  Suifolk,  Eng.,  who  emigrated  to 
Virginia  in  1764 ;  bought  the  estate  known  as 
Highgate  House,  formerly  the  property  of  Maj. 
John  Washington;  and,  as  he  and  his  family  were 
royalists,  returned  to  England  with  them  in  the 
late  seventies.  From  him,  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
Bullock,  sister  of  Col.  Bullock,  of  Faulkbourn 
Hall,  the  line  descends  through  their  son  Jonathan 
Josiah  Christopher  Watson,  who,  upon  the  death 
of  his  uncle,  Col.  Bullock,  of  Faulkbourn,  inherited 
his  estates  and  took  the  surname  of  Bullock  with 
the  arms  of  Bullock  and  Watson.  His  wife  was 
Juliana  Elizabeth  Thomas.  Their  son  John,  rec- 
tor of  Radwinter,  and  his  wife  Mary  Roberts 
Watkinson,  were  the  grandparents  of  James  Ed- 
ward Bullock.  His  maternal  great-grandfather, 
LieT.it.  James  Rivers  of  the  British  Army,  married 
in  17SO  Elisabeth  McClenathan  at  Brookfield, 
Mass.,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  McClenathan,  a  noted 
character  in  Mass.,  prior  to  the  Revolution;  their 
son,  Jnmes  Rivers,  entered  the  British  Army,  served 
through  the  Peninsular  War,  in  South  America, -and 
in  Belgium  in  1815  and  left  the  army  with  the  rank 
of  major  and  settled  in  Canada.  Our  subject's 
father,  Edward  Bullock,  was  born  at  Radwinter 
Rectory,  Essex,  Eng.,  in  1818,  educated  at  the  fa- 
mous Charterhouse  School,  London,  and  went  to 
Canada  in  1836,  took  part  in  putting  down  the  re- 
bellion of  1837,  became  a  captain  in  the  Canadian 
militia,  and  in  1846  bought  lumber,  woolen,  and 
flour  mills  at  Otterville,  Ont.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Canada,  and  began 
his  business  career  in  Otterville,  Ont.  About  1866 
he  entered  the  lumber  business  for  himself,  and 
so  continued  until  1872,  when  he  became  a  director 
and  then  a  contractor  in  the  construction  of  the 
Port  Dover  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  connecting 
Lake  Huron  with  Lake  Erie:  this  road  was  ab- 
sorbed by  the  Grand  Trunk  R-ailroad  Co.  in  1886. 
In  1-^Sl  he  removed  to  Rochelle,  111.,  to  join  his 
brother,  Henry  Edwin  Bullock,  in  the  malleable 
iron  business.  The  businass  was  removed  to  Chi- 
cago in  1S84,  and  incorporated  as  the  Illinois 
Malleable  Iron  Co.  In  July  of  the  same  year  he  be- 
came secretary  and  treasurer;  at  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the 
company;  also  director  in  the  International  Malle- 
able Iron  Co.,  of  Guelph,  Ont.  With  his  brother, 
he  jointly  aided  for  several  years  in  employing  ex- 
perts and  perfecting  the  Dixie  Cotton  Picker, 
which  was  later  sold  to  the  Western  Implement 
&  Motor  Co.  The  latter  undertook  the  manu- 


facture of  a  new  type  of  tractor,  but  not  hav- 
ing sufficient  capital  to  prosecute  the  business 
successfully,  they  failed  in  1913.  In  association 
with  his  brother,  Mr.  Bullock  bought  the  assets 
of  the  company  and  moved  them  to  Chicago, 
where  they  established  the  Bullock  Tractor  Co., 
improving  the  existing  tractor  and  manufactur- 
ing one  of  a  smaller  size.  The  company  experi- 
enced many  of  the  vicissitudes  through  which 
new  manufacturing  enterprises  pass,  and  in  1915 
supplied  the  British  government  with  some  spe- 
cial trucks  wherewith  to  equip  the  land  ships, 
the  prototypes  of  the  tanks,  which  so  materially 
aided  the  Allies  on  the  western  front  in  the  Eu- 
.  ropean  war.  While  a  resident  of  Canada  Mr. 
Bullock  was  a  Conservative  in  politics,  but  after 
becoming  a  citizen  of  <the  United  States  was  an 
Independent.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
and  Church  clubs  of  Chicago,  and  wns  senior  war- 
den of  the  Church  of  Our  Saviour.  Friendly,  con- 
siderate and  thoughtful  towards  all,  he  was  a  de- 
pendable and  respected  citizen,  a  wife  counselor,  a 
delightful  companion  and  a  loving  husband  and 
father.  His  favorite  recreations  were  riding,  driv- 
ing, and  reading.  He  was  married  Nov.  4,  1891. 
to  Ida  Mary,  daughter  of  John  P.  Blood,  of 
Leavenworth,  Kan.,  and  had  one  child,  Mary  Kath- 
erine  Bullock.  He  died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Dec.  2-, 
1915. 

PHILLIPS,  Nelson,  jurist,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son, Tex.,  May  3,  Is".".,  son  of  Charles  Edward  and 
Jennie  L.  (Arringtou)  Phillips.  Nelson  Phillips 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Jefferson 
and  in  the  Bingham  School  at  Mebane,  N.  C., 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Hills- 
boro  in  1S95.  In  1904  he  was  appointed  by  the 
governor  to  fill  an  uuexpired  term  on  the  bench 
of  the  eighteenth  judicial  district.  At  the  close  of 
the  term  in  1905  he  entered  upon  a  larger  practice 
in  Dallas,  where  he  made  a  distinguished  place  for 
himself  during  the  next  seven  years.  In  1912,  on 
the  resignation  of  the  senior  associate  justice, 
William  F.  Ramsey,  from  the  state  supreme  bench, 
Judge  Phillips  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
court  and  was  elected  his  own  successor  in  No- 
vember, 1912.  On  May  27,  1915,  he  became  chief 
justice,  and  still  holds  that  position.  He  was  mar- 
ried Oct. "21,  1896,  to  Susie  McFadden  of  Milford, 
Tux. 

BATHRICK,  Ellsworth  Raymond,  merchant, 
realty  operator  aud  legislator,  was  born  in  Oak- 
land county,  Mich.,  Jan.  6,  1863,  son  of  Sumner 
and  Lovisa  (Hosner)  Bathrick.  His  father  was 
a  farmer.  Ellsworth  R.  Bathrick  received  his  edu- 
cation in  public  schools,  including  Pontiac  (Mich.) 
high  school.  He  then  taught  school  for  some 
years,  at  Pontiac,  and  in  Kentucky,  drifted  into 
newspaper  work  and  at  Akron,  O.,  became  a 
special  writer  for  the  Cleveland  "Plain  Dealer," 
in  1885.  In  1887  he  entered  the  furniture  busi- 
ness in  Detroit,  Mich.,  as  a  retail  merchant,  and 
in  1890  removed  to  New  York  city,  where  for  a 
dozen  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  oil  import  busi- 
ness. He  returned  to  Akron  in  1902  and  became 
a  real  estate  operator,  forming  a  partnership  with 
John  Lampharter.  In  1906  he  formed  the  Lamp- 
barter  Realty  Co.  He  was  a  factor  in  Democratic 
politics.  In  1910  he  was  elected  to  the  62d  con- 
gress from  the  19th  Ohio  district,  being  the  first 
Democrat  elected  from  that  district,  composed  of 
the  counties  of  Summit,  Portage,  Geauga,  Trum- 
bull  and  Ashtabula.  Defeated  for  reelection  in 
1914,  he  again  became  a  candidate  in  1916,  from 
the  14th  district,  and  was  elected.  Immediately 
prior  to  his  last  illness  he  worked  often  sixteen 


MORRIS  SHEPPARD 
U.   S.  SENATOR 


ELLSWORTH  R.  BATHRICK 
MERCHANT  AND  LEGISLATOR 


ARON  WEIL 
MERCHANT 


WILLIAM  W.  MASON 
MERCHANT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


367 


hours  a  (lay  at  congressional  war  business  in  Wash- 
ington, which  led  to  his  physical  breakdown.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Lord  Baltimore  Country  Club, 
Washington,  and  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Benev- 
olent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  and  of  the 
Loyal  Order  of  Moose.  He  attended  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  Akron.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  iu  writing  stories  and  verse. 
Mr.  Bathrick  occupied  a  prominent  position  in 
the  social  and  public  life  of  his  adopted  city.  In 
Washington  he  stood  high  with  the  administration 
and  the  leaders  of  both  branches  of  congress.  He 
was  married  at  Akron,  O.,  Aug.  24,  1887,  to  May 
L.,  daughter  of  George  Sheffield  Clarke,  a  grocer, 
of  Akron,  and  granddaughter  of  Julius  Sumner,  a 
pioneer  of  Summit  county;  she  survives  him.  He 
died  at  Akron,  O.,  Dec.  23,  1917. 

WEIL,  Aron,  merchant,  was  born  in  Stras- 
bourg, Alsace,  Nov.  9,  1S62,  son  of  Charles  and 
Henriette  (See)  Weil.  He  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  and  the  University  of  Strasbourg,  and 
in  1S79  entered  the  employ  of  the  French  Banque 
de  MXilhouse,  and  also  the  Societe  Generale.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1887  and  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  became  associated  with  his 
brothers  in  the  firm  of  Alphonse  Weil  &  Bros.,  im- 
porters of  hides,  leather,  etc.  He  was  also  a  part- 
ner in  the  Paris  firm,  Alphonse  Weil  &  Freres. 
The  concern  has  branches  in  Buenos  Ayres,  Riga, 
Rio,  Mexico,  and  in  most  of  the  large  cities  of 
this  country,  and  has  agencies  all  over  the 
world.  Mr.  Weil  was  also  a  partner  in  the 
Mexico  Hide  Co.  of  Mexico  City  and  the  Pan- 
American  Hide  Co.  of  Rio  Janeiro  and  Bo- 
gota. In  politics  he  was  an  Independent  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  .Jewish  faith.  His  favorite 
recreation  was  the  study  of  political  economy,  and 
history.  A  thorough  business  man,  he  was  deeply 
interested  in  every  movement  for  civic  betterment, 
and  was  an  active  member  of  the  New  York  city 
chamber  of  commerce  and  of  the  board  of  trade. 
Mr.  Weil  always  remained  a  great  lover  of  France, 
its  institutions  and  literature.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Alliance  Francaise,  the  Fulton  and 
Harmonie  clubs,  and  various  charitable  institu- 
tions. Possessed  of  remarkable  business  ability 
and  integrity,  he  attained  a  prominent  place  in  the 
commercial  world.  He  was  a  linguist  and  well 
read,  thoroughly  versed  in  every  topic,  and  was 
ever  ready  to  render  assistance  to  those  in  need. 
He  was  widely  known,  and  through  his  kind, 
lovable  and  patient  disposition  he  won  the  love 
and  esteem  not  only  of  those  in  the  trade  but  of 
all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  He  was  mar- 
ried Feb.  23,  1898,  to  Dora,  daughter  of  Emanuel 
W.  Mendel,  of  New  York  city.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  March  13,  1915. 

MASON.  William  Waldo,  merchant,  was  born 
in  Brighton,  Mass.,  July  30.  1846,  son  of  Jeremiah 
Bowen  and  Elizabeth  S.  (Baldwin)  Mason.  His 
first  American  ancestor  was  Sampson  Mason,  a 
dragoon  in  Oliver  Cromwell 's  army,  who  came  from 
England  in  1649  and  settled  in  Dorchester,  Mass.; 
he  was  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Rehoboth,  Mass., 
and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  agreement  establish- 
ing the  town  of  Swansea,  Mass.  From  Sampson 
Mason  and  his  wife,  Mary  Butterworth.  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Isaac,  who  mar- 
ried Hannah  —  — ;  their  son  Hezekiah,  who  mar- 
ried Rebekah  Martin;  their  son  Melatiah,  who  mar- 
ried Rebekah  Miller,  and  their  son  Isaac,  who  mar- 
lied  Zurviah  Bowen,  and  who  was  the  grandfather 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  William  W.  Mason  was 
educated  in  the  grammar  school  of  Nashua,  N.  H., 


whither  his  parents  had  removed  when  PC  was  three 
years  of  age.  In  1864  he  began  his  business  career 
in  the  service  of  Newhall  &  Thacher,  hide  dealers, 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  until  1883, 
and  acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  business. 
He  was  for  seven  years  associated  with  J.  K. 
Cilley  in  the  same  line  in  New  York  city,  and  then 
returning  to  Boston,  opened  offices  of  his  own  as 
a  hide  broker,  continuing  as  such  for  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  He  established  an  enviable  position 
and  a  wide  acquaintance  among  Eastern  tanners 
and  strong  connections  through  the  South  and 
West.  Aside  from  business  Mr.  Mason  found  his 
chief  interest  in  church  work.  He  served  on  the 
building  committee  of  the  Melrose  Highlands  Con- 
gregational Church  ;  was  superintendent  of  the  Mel- 
rose  Highlands  Union  Sunday  school  prior  to  the 
establishment  of  the  church,  and  later  occupied 
a  similar  position  when  the  Congregational  church 
was  erected.  He  was  active  in  the  Melrose  Young 
Men 's  Christian  Association,  of  which  he  was  a 
director  for  a  number  of  years,  and  was  also  a 
director  and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Boston 
Young  Men 's  Christian  Association.  He  took  a 
special  interest  in  young  people,  and  was  ever 
ready  to  aid  them  in  whatever  manner  he  was  able. 
In  example,  precept  and  activity,  Mr.  Mason  was 
of  the  highest  type  of  Christian  gentleman.  Genial 
and  kindly,  fond  of  humor,  keen  of  wit,  accurate 
in  anaylsis  of  men  and  movements,  he  was  one  of 
those  noted  in  Boston  for  their  sterling  manhood. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Boston  Congregational 
Club  and  of  the  Shoe  and  Leather  Association. 
He  was  married,  Nov.  2,  1871,  to  Sarah  Priscilla, 
daughter  of  Richard  F.  Maxwell,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  had  four  children,  one  of  whom  survived — 
William  Waldo  Mason  2nd.  He  died  in  Melrose, 
Mass.,  May  16,  1914. 

DILLAWAY,  William  Edward  Lovell,  law- 
yer, was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  17,  1852, 
son  of  William  Stoughton  and  Ann  Maria  (Brown) 
Dillaway.  His  first  American  ancestor  was  Will- 
iam Dillaway  who  emigrated  from  Minchinhamp- 
ton,  England,  and  settled  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
prior  to  1675.  He  was  a  trooper  in  Captain 
Thomas  Prentices'  "Flower  of  Essex"  during  the 
war  with  King  Philip.  Henry  Dillaway,  an  ances- 
tor of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  "carter" 
and  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  his  day  in 
Boston.  His  son,  Thomas  Dillaway,  who  lived  for 
many  years  on  Fort  Hill,  carried  on  the  largest 
business  of  its  kind  in  Boston  at  that  time,  namely, 
the  finishing  and  fitting  out  of  the  interior  of 
ships.  His  cousin,  Samuel  Dillaway,  was  one  of  the 
leading  merchants  of  his  day  in  Boston,  and  waa 
the  father  of  Charles  K.  Dillaway,  a  noted  educa- 
tor, formerly  head-master  of  the  Boston  Latin 
School,  and  for  whom  the  Dillaway  School  in  Rox- 
bury  was  named.  W.  E.  L.  Dillaway  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Boston  and  the  English 
High  School,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1869. 
After  a  course  of  instruction  with  private  tutors 
he  entered  the  Harvard  Law  School  and  was  grad- 
uated with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  the  class  of 
1871.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  Boston 
office  of  Hon.  Ambrose  A.  Ranney  and  Nathan 
Morse,  Esq.,  two  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  their 
day,  and  when  only  nineteen  years  of  age,  he 
argued  his  first  case  before  the  full  bench  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  commonwealth.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1873,  the  day  he  at 
tained  his  majority,  and  for  several  years  after 
wards  he  was  associated  with  Messrs.  Ranney  and 
Morse,  during  that  time  being  engaged  on  many 
large  and  important  cases.  Since  1877  he  has 


308 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


practiced  alone,  devoting  himself  largely  to  cor- 
poration -work.  He  appeared  as  counsel  in  the 
famous  Pacific  National  Bank  failure,  and  during 
1887-88,  as  counsel  for  the  West  End  Street  Rail- 
way, he  had  sole  charge  of  legislation.  He  was  the 
originator  of  the  Bay  State  Gas  Co.,  which  was 
created  for  the  purpose  of  reorganizing  the  gas 
companies  of  Boston ;  and  for  seven  year.s  he  was 
the  managing  director  of  this  company  as  well 
as  the  other  Boston  gas  companies.  As  counsel 
for  Henry  M.  Whitney,  the  projector  of  the  West 
End  Land  Company,  which  afterwards  acquired  the 
street  railways  of  Boston  and  consolidated  them 
under  the  title  of  West  End  Street  Railway,  Mr. 
Dillaway  's  plans  were  carried  out  by  his  associates 
and  to  those  plans  was  attributed  much  of  the 
success  of  the  undertaking.  In  1S88  he  was  ac- 
corded the  honor  of  being  selected  to  deliver  the 
Fourth  of  July  oration  in  Boston,  and  he  has 
delivered  a  number  of  addresses  and  orations 
since  on  the  celebration  of  important  anniversaries 
in  his  native  city.  In  1897  he  took  up  the  matter 
of  transmitting 'letter  mail  in  first-class  cities  by 
pneumatic  tube.  A  few  desultory  attempts  had 
been  made  to  inaugurate  this  service  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Dillaway  built  the  firft 
service  in  his  own  city  of  Boston  at  his  own  ex- 
pense. The  undertaking  attracted  attention,  and 
there  were  soon  associated  with  him  many  inves- 
tors who  favored  a  more  general  introduction  of 
the  service.  Under  his  direction  the  American 
Pneumatic  Service  Company  acquired  the  Tube 
System  in  New  York  and  also  obtained  franchises 
for  the  introduction  of  a  similar  system  in  the 
cities  of  Chicago  and  St.  Louia.  'rhrough  his 
efforts  legislation  in  congress  -,,as  Obtained,  auth- 
orizing the  making  of  contracts  for  trie  cities  of 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Bos- 
ton, Cincinnati,  Kansas  City,  and  San  Francisco, 
aggregating  over  $1,500,000  of  annual  rental  for 
ten  years,  or  a  total  of  over  $15,000,000.  Mr. 
Dillaway,  as  president  of  the  American  Pneumatic 
Service  Company,  inaugurated  these  systems  under 
these  contracts,  and  took  charge  of  the  construc- 
tion and  installing  of  them.  It  is  to  his  credit  that 
the  public  mail  in  large  cities  is  now  dispatched  at 
greater  speed  than  in  any  other  cities  of  the  world. 
In  1900  he  was  appointed  by  the  Probate  Court,  of 
Suffolk  county,  together  with  his  brother,  Charles 
O.  L.  Dillawa'y,  a  trustee  of  the  estate  of  Robert 
B.  Brigham,  of  Boston,  who  leaving  several  mil- 
lions of  dollars,  provided  in  his  will  that  the  in- 
come of  his  estate  should  accumulate  until  it  was 
sufficient  in  the  judgment  of  the  trustees  to  build 
a  hospital  for  incurables  in  the  city  of  Boston. 
Working  with  his  brother,  who  was  president  of 
the  Mechanics'  Trust  Company,  Mr.  Dillaway  gave 
his  time  and  effort  to  this  problem,  in  which  it 
became  necessary  for  him  to  obtain  a  very  general 
knowledge  of  the  needs  and  construction  of  hos- 
pitals. This  work  '.as  resulted  in  the  selection 
of  a  site  in  one  of  the  most  prominent  locations  of 
Boston.  The  building  of  the  hospital  has  been 
started.  This  charity  promises  a  great  boon  to  those 
afflicted  with  incurable  disease.  Mr.  Dillaway  has 
taken  a'  deep  interest  in  art,  and  has  acquired  one 
of  the  finest  collections  of  etchings  in  New  Eng- 
land. He  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Mechanics ' 
National  Bank  and  the  Mechanics'  Trust  Co.,  and 
is  now  a  director  and  interested  in  many  commer- 
cial enterprises,  some  of  which  have  to  do  with 
development  in  the  West.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  the  Boston  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, the  Harvard  Law  School  Association,  New 
England  Historic  Genealogical  Society,  the  Bos- 


toniau  Society,  Boston  Athletic  Association,  Massa- 
chusetts Automobile  Association  and  Boston  Press 
clubs.  Mr.  Dillaway  was  married,  June  16,  1874, 
to  Gertrude  St.  Clair,  daughter  of  William  H. 
Eaton,  of  Cambridge,  Mass. 

RIDLON,  John,  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
born  at  Clarendon,  Vt.,  Nov.  24,  1852,  son  of  Noel 
Potter  and  Nancy  B.  (Hulett)  Ridlon.  The  foun- 
der of  his  family  in  America  was  Magnus  Eedlon 
(also  spelled  Ridlon,)  a  native  of  Shetland,  Scot- 
land, who  came  to  America  in  1717,  and  settling  in 
in  York,  Me.,  became  a  noted  scout  in  the  Indian 
wars.  Magnus  Redlou  married  Susanna  Young, 
widow  of  Ichabod  Austin,  and  from  them  the  line 
descends  through  their  son  Matthias,  and  his  wife 
Rachel  Edgecomb;  their  son  Matthias,  an  officer 
in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  his  w-ife  Elizabeth 
Field ;  and  their  son,  John,  who  married  Tabitha 
Eddy,  and  was  the  grandfather  of  our  subject. 
Dr.  Ridlon  was  educated  at  Lansley  's  Commercial 
College,  Poultney,  Vt.,  Barre  Academy  and  God- 
dard  Seminary,  both  in  Barre,  Vt.,  Tufts  College 
and  the  University  of  Chicago,  being  graduated  at 
the  last  A.B.  in  1875  and  A.M.  in  1878.  He  was 
expelled  from  Tufts  College  in  his  second  year,  but 
twenty-five  years  later  (1899),  that  institution  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  His 
M.D.  degree  was  obtained  at  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  Y'ork,  in  1878.  After 
serving  two  years  as  interne  in  St.  Luke  's  Hospital, 
New  York,  lie  established  an  office  there  for  private 
practice,  making  a  specialty  of  orthopedic  surgery. 
Early  in  his  career  he  instituted  a  crucial  open  in- 
cision for  the  correction  of  severe  forms  of  talipes 
varus,  a  surgical  procedure  which  is  now  known  by 
his  name.  He  originated  an  operation  for  the 
bloodless  reduction  of  congenital  dislocation  of  the 
hips;  he  devised  a  splint  for  the  correction  of  de- 
formity in  knee-joint  disease,  and  invented  several 
surgical  appliances  used  in  orthopedic  surgery.  He 
was  assistant  orthopedic  surgeon  to  St.  Luke 's 
Hospital,  as  well  as  assistant  surgeon  to  the  New 
York  Orthopedic  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  in  1881. 
He  was  lecturer  on  his  specialty  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York  during  1882-87 ;  was  attending  surgeon  to  the 
first  orthopedic  division  of  the  department  for  the 
relief  of  the  outdoor  poor,  Bellevue  Hospital,  New 
York,  1887-89;  was  attending  orthopedic  surgeon 
to  St.  Luke  's  Hospital,  New  York,  in  1888-89,  and 
assistant  surgeon,  in  charge  of  orthopedic  service, 
of  the  Vanderbilt  Clinic  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  from  January,  1889,  to  May, 
1892,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  and  became 
lecturer  on  orthopedic  surgery  in  the  Northwestern 
University  Medical  School  for  one  year.  He  was 
professor  of  orthopedic  surgery,  from  1893  to  1908 
and  since  1917  has  been  honorary  professor  of  or- 
thopedic surgery  at  Northwestern  University.  He 
was  professor  of  orthopedic  surgery  in  the  Chicago 
Post-Graduate  Medical  School,  1892-93;  at  the 
Woman  's  Medical  school  of  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, 1900-03;  at  Rush  Medical  College,  1910-13; 
senior  attending  orthopedic  surgeon  to  St.  Luke's 
Hospital,  Chicago,  1893-1903;  and  orthopedic  sur- 
geon to  Mercy  and  Wesley  Hospitals  while  con- 
nected with  Northwestern  University  Medical 
School,  and  the  Presbyterian  Hospital  while  con- 
nected with  Rush  Medical  College;  and  surgeon  in 
charge  of  the  Home  for  Destitute  Crippled  Chil- 
dren, 1893-1914.  He  is  consulting  orthopedic  sur- 
geon to  the  Michael  Reese  and  Evanston  hospitals, 
Home  for  the  Friendless,  Home  for  Disabled  Chil- 
dren, Maywood,  111.,  Newport  (R.I.)  Hospital; 
and  surgeon  in  chief  to  the  Home  for  Convalescent 


ALBERT  BERNET 
JOURNALIST 


WILLIAM  L.  DUCKWORTH 
CLERGYMAN 


STEPHEN  H.  GURTEEN 
CLERGYMAN'  AND  PHILANTHROPIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


Children,  West  Chicago,  111.  Dr.  Ridlon  is  the  au- 
thor of  "Lectures  on  Orthopedic  Surgery",  with 
Sir  Robert  Jones  of  Liverpool,  Eng. '(1899); 
"Practical  Medicine"  a  series  of  year  books,  and 
"Orthopedic  Surgery"  (1902)  ;  and  a  contributor 
to  the  "Surgical  Clinics  of  Chicago"  (1917). 
He  was  American  editor  of  "Zeitschrift  fur  Ortho- 
padische  Chirurgie ' '  of  Stuttgart,  Germany,  from 
its  establishment  in  1891  until  1904;  associate  ed- 
itor of  "Annales  D  'Orthopedic  "  of  Paris,  France, 
and  editor  of  the  orthopedic  department  of  the 
"Analetic"  of  New  York  during  1888-92.  He 
wrote  all  the  orthopedic  subjects  in  the  supplemen- 
tary volume  of  Wood  's  ' '  Reference  Handbook  of 
the  Medical  Sciences";  and  was  the  author  of  va- 
rious medical  and  surgical  treatises,  including  "A 
Splint  for  the  treatment  of  Deformity  at  the  Knee- 
joint  Due  to  the  Reflex  Muscular  Spasm  of  Chronic 
Osteitis"  (1884);  "Continuous  Traction  in  the 
Treatment  of  Pott's  Disease"  (1885)  ;  "Notes  on 
Two  Cases  of  Pott's  Disease,  Illustrating  the  Diffi- 
culty  of  Diagnosticating  between  Upper  Dorsal 
and  Lower  Cervical  Caries  in  very  Young  Chil- 
dren" (1S87)  ;  "Remarks  on  Exercise  without 
Fatigue  in  the  Treatment  of  Pulmonary  Tubercu- 
losis (1888);  "Rest  in  the  Treatment  of  Chronic 
Joint  Disease" (1 888 );  "On  the  Treatment  of  Ro- 
tary Lateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine"(1889) ; 
"  Notes  on  Two  Cases  of  Hip  Disease  in  which 
Traction  Caused  Pain"  (1889)  ;  "Some  Practical 
Points  in  the  Mechanical  Treatment  of  Hip  Dis- 
ease, with  special  reference  to  the  use  of  Thomas  's 
Splint"  (1889);  "Report  of  a  Case  of  Congenital 
Dislocation  of  the  Hip"  (1889);  "Fixation  and 
Traction  in  the  Treatment  of  Hip  Disease"  (1890)  ; 
"The  Thomas  Hip  Splint"  (1890);  "Report  of  a 
Case  of  Deformity  of  the  Shoulder"  (1890)  ;  "A 
Report  of  Sixty-two  Cases  of  Hip  Disease"  (1890)  ; 
"The  Non-Operative  Treatment  of  Delayed  Union 
in  Fractures  of  the  Leg"  (1891);  "Supracotyloid 
Dislocation"  (1891);  "Syphilitic  Spondylitis  in 
Children"  (1891)  ;  "Fractures  of  the  Neck  of  the 
Femur,  With  a  Report  of  Twelve  Cases  Treated 
by  the  Thomas  Hip  Splint"  (1892)  ;  "Rotary  Lat- 
eral Deformity  of  the  Spine  in  Pott's  Disease" 
(1892)  ;  "Principles  of  Treatment  of  Chronic  Joint 
Disease,  with  some  Remarks  on  Pathology" 
(1892);  "Spondylitis"  (1892);  "The  Treatment 
of  Spondylitis,  a' Series  of  Four  Articles"  (1892- 
93)  ;  "Operative  Measures  in  the  Treatment  of 
Spondylitis"  (1893);  "Disease  in  the  Sacro-Iliac 
Articulation"  (1893);  "Hip  Disease"  (1893); 
"The  Differential  Diagnosis  and  the  Prognosis  of 
Pott's  Disease"  (189.'!)  ;  "Infantile  Paralysis" 
(1894);  "Diagnosis  and  Principles  of  Treatment 
of  Hip  Joint  Disease"  (1895);  "Flat  Foot" 
(1886);  "Adolescent  Rickets"  (1896);  "Forcible 
Straightening  of  the  Spinal  Curvatures"  (1898); 
"Club  Foot"  (1899);  "The  Scorbutic  Spine" 
(1900);  "Treatment  of  Fracture  of  the  Neck  of 
the  Femur-'  (1901);  "Dislocated  Hips"  (19U4); 
"Congenital  Deformities  of  the  Knee"  (1905); 
"Congenital  Club  Foot"  (1906);  "Preliminary 
Report  upon  ten  cases  of  Chronic  Joint  Diseases 
Treated  by  Tuberculin  Injections  by  Wright 's 
Method"  (1907);  "A  New  Treatment  of  Old 
Tubercular  Sinuses"  (1908)  ;  "An  Unusual  Con- 
genital Deformity"  (1909)  ;  "A  General  Consider- 
ation of  the  needs  of  Crippled  Children :  Their 
Treatment  and  the  Results  to  be  Expected" 
(1909)  ;  "Investigations  as  to  the  Value  of  Tuber- 
culin in  the  Treatment  of  the  Tuberculous  Joint 
Diseases"  (1910);  "Joint  Diseases  from  the  Or- 
thopedic Standpoint"  (1911);  "Joint  Tuberculo- 
sis" (1912);  "The  Mechanical  Treatment  of  Hip 


Disease"  (1913).  Dr.  Ridlon  has  also  edited  the 
orthopedic  portion  of  "Head's  Year  Book"  from 
its  foundation  to  the  present  time  (1920).  Dr. 
Ridlon  is  a  charter  member  of  the  American  Or- 
thopedic Association,  was  its  secretary  at  various 
times  for  nineteen  years,  and  its  president  during 
1MI4  'J5;  member  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society, 
the  Illinois  Medical  Society  and  the  American 
Medical  Association.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Chicago  Orthopedic  Society,  and  was  at  one  time 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine; 
the  New  York  Pathological  Society;  and  the  Prac- 
titioners Society  and  the  Medico-Legal  Society  of 
Chicago.  In  1890  he  served  as  secretary  for  or- 
ganizing the  orthopedic  section  of  the  Tenth  Inter- 
national Medical  and  Surgical  Congress  at  Berlin. 
In  the  war  with  Germany  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant,  captain  and  finally  major  in  the  med- 
ical reserve  corps,  U.  S.  A.,  his  active  service  be- 
ginning Sept.  22,  1917,  as  instructor  and  inspector 
of  ortlmpcdic  surgery  for  a  group  of  camps  of  the 
Central  Department.  He  organized  and  directed 
a  course  of  instruction  in  orthopedic  surgery  for 
medical  officers  in  Chicago  during  January-June, 
1918,  and  then  reorganized  and  directed  the" School 
of  Orthopedic  Surgery  at  the  training  camp  for 
medical  officers  at  Chickamauga  Park,  Ga.  He 
has  won  world-wide  reputation  as  a  leading  au- 
thority on  orthopedic  surgery.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  University  Club  of  Chicago ;  Army  and  Navy 
Club  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  Glen  Oak  Golf  Clufi, 
and  of  the  D.K.E.,  A.K.K.  and  A.O.A.  fraterni- 
ties. Dr.  Ridlon  was  married  June  4,  1879,  to 
Emily  C.  Robinson  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  their 
living  children  are:  Hester,  wife  of  Joseph  Leslie 
Hempstead,  John  Robert,  Margaret,  Noel,  Jean- 
nette,  and  Hugh  Owen  Thomas  Ridlon. 

BERNET,  Albert,  press  executive,  was  born  at 
Cincinnati,  O.,  Feb.  11,  1868,  son  of  Frank  and 
Barbara  (Weis)  Bernet.  His  father  was  a  manu- 
facturer. Albert  Bernet  received  his  education  in 
Cincinnati,  O.  He  began  his  business  career  at 
fifteen  with  the  Cincinnati  offices  of  the  American 
Press  Association.  Through  successive  promotions 
he  became  assistant  general  manager  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. In  1900  he  was  made  joint  resident  man- 
ager at  Columbus,  O.,  for  the  American  Press 
Association  and  the  Western  Newspaper  Union, 
continuing  in  that  relation  until  his  death.  Aside 
from  this  interest  he  was  national  treasurer  of 
the  American  Insurance  Union.  He  was  a  32d 
degree  Mason  ami  a  member  also  of  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a 
communicant  of  the  First  Protestant  church.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  He  was  a 
factor  in  the  success  of  all  of  the  government 's 
state-wide  publicity  campaigns  during  the  Euro- 
pean War.  He  was  married  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  May 
6.  l^Sf),  to  Laura,  daughter  of  Philip  Miller,  a 
manufacturer  of  Cincinnati;  she  survives  him,  with 
four  children:  Albert  G. ;  Laura,  who  married 
Clarence  H.  Robinson ;  Florence  and  Thelma  Ber- 
net, all  of  Columbus.  He  died  at  Columbus,  May 
29,  1918. 

DUCKWORTH,  William  Lafayette,  clergy- 
man, was  born  in  Haywood  CO.,  Teun.,  June  29, 
1834,  son  of  William  Wilkins  and  Mary  Maliala 
(Alexander)  Duckworth,  and  grandson  of  Robert 
W.  and  Elizabeth  (Alexander)  Duckworth,  of 
Scotch-English  ancestry.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  Confederate  army,  attaining  the  rank 
of  colonel  of  the  7th  Tennessee  cavalry.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  commanding  the  1st 
cavalry  division  of  Forrest's  corps;  was  wounded 


370 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


in  action,  and  captured  Union  City,  Tenn.,  in 
March,  1864.  After  the  war  he  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  graduated  M.D. 
in  1866.  He  practiced  his  profession  for  a  number 
of  years  in  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  and  later  in  life 
became  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  South.  He  was  appointed  presiding  elder 
of  the  church  seven  times,  and  administered  that 
office  over  three  districts  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  Ow- 
ing to  impaired  health  he  retired  from  the  active 
ministry  in  1905.  He  was  twice  married:  first,  in 
December,  1S67,  to  T.  P.  Capell;  she  died  in  1880, 
and  he  was  married  in  December,  1882,  to  Hattie 
E.  Crook,  who  survived  him  with  four  children. 
He  died  in  Brownsville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  2,  1915. 

GURTEEN,  Stephen  Humphreys,  clergyman, 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Harbledown,  near 
Canterbury,  England,  in  1842,  son  of  Stephen 
Gurteen,  a  clergyman.  He  was  sent  as  a  boy  to 
the  school  of  M.  Bousanquet  in  Paris,  and  after 
taking  a  course  at  Kings  College,  London,  he  en- 
tered Jesus  College,  Cambridge.  At  this  time  the 
then  Prince  of  Wales  (afterward  King  Edward 
VII)  was  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  An 
American  classmate  of  Mr.  Gurteen  persuaded 
him  to  cross  the  ocean  and  take  a  course  of  inter- 
national law  at  Albany  Law  School.  While  a 
student  at  that  institution  he  had  many  friends 
in  Albany  social  life.  He  had  always  been  an 
ardent  student  of  Anglo-Saxon  and  delivered  lec- 
tures on  it  in  Rochester  and  elsewhere.  Subse- 
quently he  for  some  years  held  the  chair  of  law 
nt  Hobart  College.  He  had  studied  theology  and 
he  now  decided  to  enter  the  church,  and  received 
a  call  as  associate  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Buffalo,  an  Episcopal  church.  While  in  Buffalo  he 
originated  the  charity  organization  idea  in  this 
country.  He  published  a  text-book  on  the  subject, 
and  later  wont  to  England  for  a  consultation  with 
Miss  Octavia  Hill  and  others.  Afterward  the 
Fitch  Creche  was  made  a  possibility  through  his 
efforts.  From  Buffalo  he  went  to  Toledo,  O.,  as 
rector  of  Trinity  Parish,  but  his  advanced  views 
on  churchmanship  lessened  his  opportunities  for 
success.  He  became  rector  of  St.  Paul 's  Cathedral, 
Springfield,  111.,  but  impaired  health  necessitated 
his  retirement  from  the  pulpit  and  he  devoted  his 
remaining  years  to  literary  activities.  He  was 
widely  known  as  an  Anglo-Saxon  scholar.  The 
Putnam's  published  various  of  his  works,  includ- 
ing a  handbook  of  charity  organization.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Authors '  and  of  the  Seawanhaka, 
Corinthian  Yacht  clubs,  New  York.  Both  Queen 
Victoria  and  the  then  Prince  of  Wales  made 
acknowledgement  of  the  receipt  of  his  books.  The 
Iowa  Divinity  School,  Davenport,  gave  him  the 
degree  D.D.  Dr.  Gurteen  was  a  man  of  great 
charm  and  his  country  home  at  Jamestown,  E.  I., 
opposite  Newport,  was  a  delightful  gathering 
place.  He  possessed  the  dignity  of  wisdom,  the 
grace  of  scholarship,  and  a  fine  sense  of  honor. 
He  was  married  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Sept.  20,  18S3, 
to  Edith,  daughter  of  William  N.  Carpenter,  a 
capitalist  of  Detroit ;  she  survives  him,  residing  at 
Skaneateles,  N.  Y.  He  died  at  Jamestown,  B.  I., 
Aug.  1(1,  1908.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  ?,(i9i. 

BALBACH,  Edward,  Jr.,  metallurgist,  was  born 
in  Carlsruhe,  Baden,  Germany,  July  4,  1839,  son  of 
Edward  and  Margareth  (Raab)  Balbach.  His 
father  was  also  an  eminent  metallurgist,  belonging 
to  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  the  city  of  Baden, 
their  ancestral  castles  in  the  feudal  times  in  Uber- 
lingeu  on  the  Baden  sea,  being  situated  about 
midway  between  the  villages  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Balbach,  both  of  which  belonged  to  their  posses- 


sions. The  father  brought  his  family  to  the 
United  States  in  1847,  and  established  a  metallur- 
gical business  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  which,  under  the 
able  management  of  his  son  became  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  United  States.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  received  his  education  in  the  public- 
schools  of  Newark,  and  being  an  earnest  scientific 
student  in  his  youth,  began  to  help  his  father 
at  the  early  age  of  fourteen.  He  soon  devel- 
op!',[  a  taste  for  chemistry  and  metallurgy,  and  by 
the  time  he  reached  his  majority  was  an  accom- 
plished chemist.  The  first  work  undertaken  by 
father  and  son  was  the  refining  of  jewelers'  sweeps. 
Soon  the  business  attracted  attention  throughout 
the  mining  world,  being  the  only  establishment  of 
its  kind  in  the  country  at  that  time  and  the  mining 
boom  being  on  gave  the  business  a  great  swing,  and 
they  took  up  the  reduction  of  ores  bearing  precious 
metals,  and  by  their  ingenuity  contrived  new  pn>- 
cesses  for  separating  gold  and  silver  from  the  baser 
metals,  which  has  always  been  a  difficult  task. 
About  this  time  large  quantities  of  silver-bearing 
lead  were  being  sent  to  tin1  works  to  have  the 
precious  metal  separated  from  the  baser.  As  the 
old  process  was  a  slow,  tedious  and  wasteful  one, 
young  Balbach  began  a  series  of  elabnrate  experi- 
ments to  devise  some  process  by  which  these  objec- 
tions should  be  eliminated.  The  result  was  a  nn.-t 
valuable  invention  known  as  the  Balbach  desil- 
verizing process  for  argentiferous  lead,  for  which 
he  received  letters  patent  in  1S64,  and  which 
revolutionized  precious  metal  smelting  in  Europe 
as  well  as  in  the  United  States.  As  a  result  of  this 
discovery  the  firm  was  enabled  to  smelt  twenty-five 
tons  of  ore  in  one  day  and  to  desilverize  seventy- 
five  tuns  of  bullion.  Shipments  were  received  from 
the  Pacific  coast  states  as  well  as  from  Mexico  and 
South  America.  In  1MJ7  he  also  patented  a  process 
for  the  distillation  of  silver,  lead  and  zinc  alloy  in 
black  lead  retorts,  which  process  became  univer- 
sally used  in  this  and  foreign  countries.  In  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  copper  desil- 
vrrizing  process  by  vitriolization  came  into  use  at 
Oker  on  the  Harz.  Mr.  Balbach  introduced  it  in 
this  country  and  used  it  with  great  advantage  for 
many  years,  until  with  the  increasing  adoption  of 
the  process,  blue  vitriol  could  no  longer  be  had  in 
sufficient  quantities.  It  was  supposed  that  at 
Oker,  electricity  had  been  substituted  for  vitriol 
in  the  desilverizing  process.  Mr.  Balbach,  how- 
ever, courageous  as  he  always  was,  did  not  hesi- 
tate trying  his  own  way  to  separate  copper 
from  its  admixtures  by  electrolysis  and  he  was 
surprisingly  successful.  After  only  few  experi- 
ments, forty-eight  tanks  were  started  in  1SS3,  pro 
ducing  about  one-half  ton  of  electrolytic  copper  pel 
day,  but  an  extension  of  the  works  at  once  was 
begun  with  tanks  nearly  five  times  the  size  of  the 
former  ones.  The  former  vitriol  shop  was  then 
turned  into  tank  rooms  and  these  were  increased 
until  all  available  space  had  been  occupied.  For 
about  twelve  years  the  anodes  were  cast  by  a  cupolo 
furnace,  but  the  impurities  of  such  anodes  made  the 
sequent  elertrnlytical  work  and  the  attaining  of  a 
good  marketable  product  very  difficult  and  costly, 
so  reverberatory  furnaces  were  taken  into  use  for 
both  refining  and  casting  the  anodes.  These  fur- 
naces were  brought  to  a  great  perfection,  so  that 
now,  considering  the  small  space  necessary  for 
them,  they  defy  any  competition.  When  the 
nickel  in  the  black  copper  reached  a  sufficient  per- 
centage, Mr.  Balbach  provided  arrangements  for 
producing  nickel  sulphate  and  finally  an  electrolyte 
nickel  shop  was  established  which  for  some  years 
produced  about  one  ton  of  electrolytic  uicke'l  per 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


371 


day.  This  was  the  first  place  where  solid  malleable 
nickel  was  made  011  a  large  scale  elect rolytically, 
and  it  served  as  a  pattern  for  all  existing  electro- 
lycic  nickel  works.  Almost  equally  original  is  the 
treatment  of  auriferous  silver  bullion,  introduced 
by  Mr.  Balbach,  which  by  its  simplicity  and  per- 
fection, can  hardly  be  surpassed.  In  1MU,  one 
year  after  the  death  of  his  father,  the  business, 
formerly  known  as  Edward  Balbach  &  Son,  was  in- 
corporated as  the  Balbaeh  Smelting  and  Refining 
Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Balbach  was  made  president  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  his  death.  As  such 
he  was  favorably  known  throughout  the  commer- 
cial world  as  one  of  America  's  foremost  scientists 
and  business  men.  The  business  at  the  time  of  his 
death  amounted  to  $20,000,000  annually,  and  its 
employees  numbered  between  500  and  600.  Mr. 
Balbach  was  generous,  just  and  considerate,  and 
early  in  his  career  made  provisions  for  the  support 
of  the  workmen  who  might  have  become  injured  or 
sick  while  in  his  employ.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
refinement  and  of  much  gentleness,  never  spoke  ill 
of  anyone.  He  was  a  person  of  the  strictest  integ- 
rity in  matters  of  business,  and  was  noted  for  his 
charity,  but  was  never  ostentatious  in  the  exer- 
cise of  it.  No  citizen  of  Newark,  the  city  of  his 
home,  was  more  highly  respected.  He  was  an 
ardent  patriot  and  interested  in  local  politics, 
and  was  often  importuned  to  take  ollice,  but  his 
modesty  suggested  that  others  should  be  selected. 
Against  his  will,  he  accepted  in  1SSO  a  nomina- 
tion for  congress,  and  in  1S94  he  was  appointed 
by  Gov.  Werts  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  con- 
stitutional commission  but  declined  to  serve.  Mr. 
Balbach  was  married  Jan.  21,  1*69,  to  Julia 
Anna,  daughter  of  Peter  F.  Nenninger,  and  Anna 
B.  (Miltz)  Nenuinger,  an  1  had  one  daughter, 
Julia  Anna  Marguerite,  wife  of  Edward  Ran- 
dolph of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  of  the  famous  Ran- 
dolphs of  Virginia.  Mr.  Balbach  died  in  New 
York  city,  Pec.  30,  1910. 

BALBACH,  Mrs.  Julia  Anna,  was  born  in 
Newark,  N.  .1.,  Feb.  2:1,  1^.52.  daughter  of  Peter 
Franz  and  Anna  Babette  (Miltz)  Nenuinger.  Her 
father,  the  son  of  Karl  Joseph  and  Franciska 
(Masthof)  Nenninger,  was  a  native  of  Stuttgart, 
Germany.  Coming  to  the  United  States  in  1846, 
he  settled  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  established  a  busi- 
ness for  the  manufacture  of  oilcloth,  the  first  of 
its  kind  in  this  country.  Her  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Florent  and  Anna  Babette  (Roederer) 
Miltz,  of  Strassburg,  Germany.  She  received  a 
thorough  classical  education,  mainly  under  pri- 
vate tutors  at  home  and  at  the  Moravian  Semi- 
nary at  Bethlehem,  and  a  select  school  in  New 
York  city.  She  was  married  .Ian.  21,  1*69,  to 
Edward  Balbach,  Jr.,  a  well-known  metallurgist 
and  for  many  years  the  proprietor  and  head  of 
the  Balbaeh  Smelting  and  Refining  Co.  Mrs.  Bal- 
bach has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  her 
husband's  scientific  and  mechanical  work,  and  to 
her  individuality  belongs  the  credit  of  an  im- 
portant invention  which  is  now  in  universal  use 
in  the  smelting  and  refining  business.  This  is  the 
water  jacket  surrounding  the  furnaces  for  the 
purpose  of  lessening  the  intense  heat  radiating 
therefrom.  Early  in  her  married  life,  when  visit- 
ing one  of  her  husband 's  smelting  furnaces,  she 
was  struck  with  the  suffering  of  the  workmen 
engaged  in  handling  the  molten  metal.  The  idea 
at  once  occurred  to  her  that  something  should  be 
dune  to  lessen  the  suffering  caused  by  this  in- 
tense heat,  and  turning  to  her  husband  she  sug- 
gested the  idea  of  an  iron  jacket  in  which  run- 
ning water  could  be  conducted,  on  the  same  prin- 


ciple which  has  since  beea  adopted  by  manufac- 
turers of  oil  and  gas  engines  to  keep  cool  the 
heated  cylinders,  and  besides  proving  to  be  a 
godsend  to  the  suffering  mechanics,  it  also  bene- 
fited the  manufacturer  by  lessening  the  expenses 
for  fuel.  The  city  of  Newark,  where  for  years 
Mrs.  Balbach  was  a  social  leader,  developed  so 
fast  as  a  manufacturing  and  industrial  center 
that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Balbach  removed  their  home 
to  New  York  city  in  1S95.  Here  she  became 
prominent  in  the  social  life  of  the  metropolis,  at 
the  same  time  devoting  a  great  deal  of  her  time 
and  attention  to  philanthropic  matters  and  the 
general  movement  for  the  advancement  of  women. 
She  is  interested  in  every  vital  problem  of  the 
day,  and  spares  no  effort  and  no  expense  in  fur- 
thering every  good  cause.  At  the  same  time  her 
home  has  always  been  her  paramount  interest, 
and  every  detail  of  her  large  menage  receives  her 
personal  consideration.  She  is  a  member  of  sev- 
eral clubs,  including  the  Woman 's  Press  Club  of 
New  York  city,  the  Dixie,  Minerva,  Rubinstein 
and  West  End  Woman 's  Republican  clubs,  and 
the  New  Century  Study  Circle,  and  is  keenly  alive 
tn  the  advantages  of  federation,  realizing  that 
until  women  have  the  ballot  their  sole  hope  of 
gaining  recognition  in  the  body  politic  is  by 
concerted  effort  and  action,  the  opportunity  for 
which  federation  affords  them.  In  the  interest 
of  this  organization  she  has  published  a  clever 
little  story  entitled  "Cupid  Intelligent/'  which 
reached  its  third  edition  in  the  first  year  of  its 
existence  (1911).  It  is  more  as  an  essayist, 
however,  that  Mrs.  Balbaeh  has  won  her  place 
among  leaders  in  advanced  thought  and  high 
ideals.  Born  to  wealth,  occupying  a  high  social 
position,  not  only  in  this  country  but  in  Berlin, 
where  for  two  or  three  consecutive  seasons  she  en- 
joyed the  entree  of  the  most  exclusive  social  ami 
diplomatic  circles,  she  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
democratic  women  in  America.  She  recognizes  no 
aristocracy  save  that  of  brains.  What  people 
have  counts  for  nothing  in  her  opinion.  What 
people  are  counts  for  much.  She  has  devoted 
considerable  thought  and  attention  to  the  train- 
ing and  education  of  the  young  child  by  means 
of  the  kindergarten.  She  believes  in  starting  with 
tho  very  young  children  who  will,  by  attending 
the  kindergarten,  be  kept  away  from  baneful  in- 
fluences of  their  surroundings  and  be  fitted  for 
school,  thereby  laying  a  foundation  for  a  useful 
life.  She  is  a  woman  of  many  accomplishments, 
an  expert  linguist,  a  charming  singer,  possessing 
a  -u'i'et  soprano  voice,  which  was  developed  under 
the  instruction  of  Signor  Achille  Krrani,  .Mine. 
Artot  de  Padilla  and  Frau  Dr.  Breiterhoff,  of 
Berlin,  Germany,  and  is  herself  the  architectural 
and  landscape  designer  of  Balbrook,  her  beauti- 
ful summer  home  at  Bernardsville,  N.  J.  A 
recent  added  attraction  to  this  charming  retreat 
is  a  unique  woodland  chapel  built  under  her  per- 
sonal supervision  and  dedicated  by  Bishop  Edwin 
Lines  in  September  of  1909.  One  of  its  treasures 
is  an  exqoiisite  copy  of  Thorwaldsen's  statue 
of  ' '  The  Christ. ' '  This  beautiful  specimen  of 
the  sculptor's  art  was  wrought  in  Italy  expressly 
for  this  chapel,  and  carved  from  the  purest  Car- 
rara marble.  Mrs.  Balbach  has  one  child,  a 
daughter,  Julia,  wife  of  Edward  Randolph.  The 
woodland  chapel  is  a  memorial  to  an  infant 
grandson,  Edward  Balbaeh  Randolph. 

QUAELES.  Robert  Thomas,  soldier  and  archi- 
vist, was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Tenn., 
Feb.  22,  1850,  son  of  James  Minor  and  Mary 
Walker  (Thomas)  Quarles,  grandson  of  James 


.172 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Minor  Quarles.  and  a  descendant  of  Rodger 
Quarles,  an  Englishman.  His  father  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  and  one  of  the  most  successful 
criminal  lawyers  in  Tennessee.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  he  went  south  with  the  army  of 
Gen.  Albert  S.  Johnston,  and  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren went  to  the  home  of  her  husband 's  father 
near  Gnrrettsburg,  Ky.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
young  Robert  became  connected  with  the  staff  of 
his  uncle,  Gen.  William  Andrew  Quarles,  who  com- 
manded a  brigade  in  the  division  of  Gen.  Chea- 
tham.  After  the  war  his  family  lived  in  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y.,  for  a  time,  and  then  returned  to 
Clarksville,  Tenn.,  and  he  completed  his  educa- 
tion ?t  Stewart  College  in  that  place.  He  studied 
law  under  his  father  and  uncle,  Gen.  William  A. 
Quarles.  and  was  duly  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
was  clerk  of  the  federal  court  at  Nashville  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  marshal  of  the  state  supreme 
court  for  sixteen  years.  Thereafter  he  was  succes- 
sively superintendent  of  the  capitol  and  assistant 
attorney-general  of  Davidson  county,  but  retired 
from  the  latter  position  because  of  failing  health. 
Mr.  Quarles  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  historical 
building  at  the  celebration  of  the  state  centennial 
in  1896-97  and  with  Gen.  George  P.  Thurston  in- 
stalled and  superintended  the  archaeological  exhibit 
at  the  St.  Louis  Purchase  Exposition.  In  Is75  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  Historical  So- 
ciety and  was  its  librarian  until  the  removal  from 
the  capitol  to  Watkins  Institute. _  He  was  the  first 
to  be  elected  a  life  member  of'  the  society.  He 
was  justly  called  the  father  of  the  present  archive 
system  of  Tennessee,  having  carefully  inspected 
and  rearranged  the  historical  documents  and  rec- 
ords that  had  been  abandoned  to  neglect  and  ruin  ; 
so  that  they  might  be  brought  at  any  time  to 
public  inspection ;  in  this  work  he  was  assisted  by 
his  son.  Robert  T.  Quarles,  Jr.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Historical  Society,  Knight9 
of  Pythias,  Red  Men  and  Odd  Fellows,  and  was 
a  communicant  of  the  Christian  church.  He  was 
married.  Feb.  2'2.  1SS7,  to  Flora  Louise,  daughter 
of  T.  L.  Hoodenpyl,  of  McMinnville,  Tenn.,  who 
survives  him  with  five  children:  Louise,  Bessie, 
Robert  T.,  Jr.;  Mary  Walker  and  John  M.  Lee 
Quarles.  He  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Marcli  5, 
1914. 

GATE,  George  Washing-ton,  judge,  was  born 
in  Xorthwood.  N.  IL,  Mar.  in,  1834,  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Mary  (Johnson)  ('ate.  His  father 
in  early  life  was  a  school  teacher,  superintendent 
of  the  Concord  and  Portsmouth  turnpike,  mid 
afterwards  a  farmer.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
at  Pembroke  Academy,  and  was  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1861,  having  taught  school 
to  assist  in  defraying  his  college  expenses.  While 
continuing  his  teaching,  he  studied  law  with  S. 
G.  Clark  at  Northwood,  and  with  Hon.  W.  W. 
Stickney  at  Exeter,  N.  H.,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire 
in  1865.  Removing  to  Amesbury,  Mass.,  in  1866, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Essex  county  and 
later  to  practice  in  the  United  States  courts.  His 
business  was  devoted  chiefly  to  office  practice. 
He  was  made  a  trial  justice  in  1876,  and  became 
judge  of  the  second  district  court  when  it  was 
established  in  1888,  a  position  which  he  occupied 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1878-79 
Judge  Gate  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
senate,  and  in  1S84  was  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  convention  which  nominated  James  G. 
Blaine  for  president.  He  was  a  commissioner  to 
re-establish  the  boundary  line  between  Massachu- 
setts and  New  Hampshire  in  1885,  a-nd  also  repre- 


sented Massachusetts  in  rtetermining  the  boundary 
line  between  that  state  and  Vermont.  An  original 
trustee  of  Cole  Academy  at  Northwood,  N.  H., 
he  was  also  a  tnistee  of  the  Provident  Institution 
for  Savings  of  Amesbury,  clerk  of  the  Bartlett 
Cemetery  Association,  chairman  of  the  school 
board,  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
public  library,  of  which  he  was  chairman  for  an 
extended  period,  and  member  of  the  local  agricul- 
tural society  and  the  improvement,  society.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  local  Republican  Club  (past 
president)  and  of  the  Powow  River  Lodge,  I.  O. 

0.  F.      A   man   of   strong   determination,   he  was 
one  of  the   most  astute  politicians  in  his  section 
of    the    state,    being    the    guiding    spirit    in    those 
bodies   with   which    he   was    affiliated,    and   his  in- 
fluence  was   a    healthful  force  in  the   community 
where  he  dwelt.     He  was   an  intimate   friend   of 
the  poet  Whittier.     Judge  Gate  was  married,  Jan. 

1,  1873,     to     Caroline    C.,     daughter     of    David 
Batchclder,    of    Amesbury,    Mass.,    and    died    in 
Amesbury,  Mass.,  July  2s',  1911. 

HAINEE,  Eugene  Jerome,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Funfkirchen,  Hungary,  Aug.  16,  1851,  son  of 
Ignace  and  Etelka  (Bartos)  Hainer.  His  father, 
also  a  lawyer,  cast  his  fortunes  in  the  cause  of 
Kossuth  and  his  compatriots  in  the  Hungarian 
revolution  of  1848-49,  serving  as  aide-de-camp  to 
Count  Bntanyi,  one  of  the  immortals  of  that  ill- 
starred  uprising.  He  came  to  America  in  1854, 
practically  penniless,  located  for  a  year  in  Chi- 
cago, and  then  in  a  Hungarian  colony  at  New 
Buda,  la.,  settling  at  Columbia,  Mo.,  in  1S56, 
where  for  four  years  he  was  professor  of  modern 
languages  in  the  University  of  Missouri.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  retired  to  a  farm 
at  New  Buda.  Eugene  J.  Hainer  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  public  schools  at  New 
Buda  and  at  Garden  Grove  (la.)  Seminary.  In 
three  years  he  practically  completed  the  mathe- 
matical course  at  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College, 
Ames,  and  during  vacation  periods  taught  school 
to  meet  expenses.  He  was  graduated  at  the  law 
department  of  Simpson  Centenary  College,  Indian- 
ola,  la.,  now  Drake  University  School,  in  1876 
with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Iowa  bar,  and  the  following  year 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Aurora, 
Neb.,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  figured  as 
counsel  in  almost  every  important  case  in  the 
county.  He  settled  at  Lincoln  in  1904,  and  since 
1916  has  been  of  the  law  firm  of  Hainer  &  Craft, 
with  Charles  P.  Craft.  Aside  from  his  professional 
activities  he  is  a  director  in  four  national  banks, 
including  the  First  National  Bank  of  Lincoln;  is 
director  and  general  attorney  for  the  Fairmont 
Creamery  Co.,  Omaha,  and  general  attorney  for 
a  number  of  corporations.  He  has  always  been  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  was  elected  to  the 
53d  and  54th  congresses,  in  which  body  he  served 
as  a  member  of  the  committees  on  appropria- 
tions and  agriculture.  His  uncompromising 
attitude  against  free  silver  and  other  heresies 
brought  about  his  political  retirement  in  1896,  since 
which  he  has  devoted  himself  to  his  profession  and 
extensive  business  interests.  He  is  a  member  of 
various  law  associations,  the  Masonic  fraternity 
and  other  societies  and  clubs.  He  was  married  at 
Bloomfield,  la.,  Dee.  30,  18SO,  to  Julia,  daughter  of 
John  Blodget,  a  real  estate  operator  of  Le  Mars, 
la.;  they  have  two  children:  Julia  (ISMI,  wlm 
married  Charles  J.  O'Connor,  and  Laura  (1887), 
who  married  L.  E.  Hurtz. 

RICHARDSON,  Julius  Caesar,  jurist,  was 
born  on  the  island  of  Key  West,  Fla.,  Apr.  18, 


ROBERT  T.  QUARLES 
SOLDIER 


GEORGE  W.  GATE, 
JUDGE 


EUGENE  J.  HAIXER 
I    \\YYER 


JULIUS  C.  RICHARDSON 
JURIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


373 


1851,  son  of  Simon  Peter  and  Mary  Eliza  (Ar- 
ledge)  Richardson,  and  grandson  of  Peter  and 
Katherine  (Horning)  Richardson,  of  English  ex- 
traction. His  father,  a  native  of  Dutch  Fork, 
Newberry  district,  S.  0.,  was  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  became  a 
major  in  the  Confederate  army  of  the  civil  war, 
and  subsequently  was  presiding  elder  of  his  church 
in  Alabama  and  Georgia;  he  was  author  of  "The 
Lights  ami  Shadows  of  Itinerant  Life. ' '  The  son 
was  educated  at  East  Alabama  Male  College, 
Auburn,  at  Summerfield  (Ala.)  Institute,  and  at 
Southern  University,  Greensboro,  Ala.  After 
teaching  for  two  years  he  studied  law  at  Cum- 
berland University,  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  and  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1873.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Tennessee  and  of  Alabama,  and  at 
the  beginning  of  1874  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Greenville,  Ala.  From  the  beginning 
he  met  with  success.  Possessing  a  keen  percep- 
tion of  the  right,  an  ability  to  analyze  the  merits 
of  a  case,  and  great  determination  and  persever- 
ance, he  built  up  a  large  practice  in  competition 
with  some  of  the  brightest  lawyers  of  the  state. 
In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  be- 
coming a  member  of  the  joint  committee  of  house 
and  senate  on  the  revision  of  the  Alabama  code. 
In  1899  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  second  judi- 
cial circuit  of  Alabama,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1904  for  a  six-year  term.  For  several  years  he 
•was  engaged  in  reducing  to  a  single  treatise  Am- 
erican constitutional  law,  including  its  origin  and 
growth.  He  held  membership  in  various  law  asso- 
ciations and  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  Politically, 
he  was  a  Democrat,  and  he  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South.  Fond 
of  out-of-doors  sports,  especially  fishing  and  hunt- 
ing, he  was  perhaps  the  best  posted  man  in  the 
state  on  the  character  and  habitat  of  the  game 
fish  nf  the  Gulf.  As  judge,  his  ability  to  expedite 
business,  render  opinions  with  clearness  and  im- 
partiality, and  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the  law 
won  for  him  the  plaudits  of  bar,  bench  and  the 
people,  and  his  charges  to  grand  juries  received 
much  favorable  comment,  from  the  press.  Judge 
C.  H.  Laney,  in  his  "Reminiscences  of  the  Ala- 
bama Legislature,"  said  of  him:  "He  is  bright 
in  the  law,  quick  and  decisive  in  his  rulings,  af- 
fable in  his  manner  on  and  off  the  bench,  an 
honor  to  the  judiciary  and  a  credit  to  the  man- 
hood of  his  state.''  He  was  twice  married:  (1), 
Nov.  22,  1x74,  to  Bettie,  daughter  of  D.  Terry 
McCall  of  Greenville,  Ala.,  she  died  in  1891 ;  and 
he  was  married  (2),  May  18,  1905,  to  Florence, 
daughter  of  Robert  Emmet  Anson  of  the  U.  S. 
navy;  she  survived  him.  He  was  also  survived  by 
three  children:  Mac,  born  of  the  first  union;  Mary 
Anson  and  Julius  Caesar  Richardson,  born  of  the 
second  union.  Judge  Richardson  died  at  Green- 
ville,  Ala.,  Aug.  !l,  1910. 

WEEDEN,  William  Babcock,  soldier,  manu- 
facturer and  author,  was  born  at  Bristol,  R.  I., 
Sept.  1,  1834,  son  of  John  Edward  and  Eliza 
(Cross)  Weeclen.  His  first  American  ancestor  was 
James  Weeden,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
England  in  1638  and  settled  at  Newport,  R.  I. 
From  him  the  line  is  traced  through  his  son,  Will- 
iam; his  son  John,  who  married  Jean  Underwood; 
their  son  Daniel,  who  married  Joanna  Slocum; 
their  son  John  and  his  third  wife,  Mercy  Chase; 
their  son  Wager,  who  married  Sarah  Hill,  and  their 
eon  John  Edward,  the  father  of  our  subject.  Will- 
iam B.  Weeden  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Westerly,  R.  I.,  and  the  Connecticut  Literary  In- 
stitute at  Suffield,  Conn.  He  was  at  Brown  Uni- 


versity for  three  years,  leaving  to  enter  the  em- 
ploy of  Bradford  &  Taft,  wool  merchants  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  the  Bradford 
&  Taft  partnership  he  became  a  member  of  the  re- 
organized firm  of  Taft,  Weeden  &  Co.  When  the 
civil  war  broke  out  he  answered  Lincoln  's  first  call 
for  troops,  and  was  mustered  in  as  second  lieu- 
tenant, battery  A,  1st  R.  I.  light  artillery.  He  waa 
promoted  to  be  captain  after  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  ami  organized  two  batteries  for  the  Rhode 
Island  light  artillery,  one  of  which  he  commanded 
under  Gen.  Fitz-John  Porter  at  the  siege  of  York- 
town  and  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court  House.  In 
the  battles  of  Mechanicsville,  Gaines  Mills  and 
Malvern  Hill  he  was  chief  of  artillery  and  ord- 
nance, first  division,  5th  corps,  army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, and  after  the  seven  days'  fight  at  Harri- 
son's Landing  he  resigned  his  commission  and  was 
honorably  discharged,  July  21,  1862.  Upon  his 
return  to  Providence  he  resumed  his  work  with  the 
firm  of  Taft,  Weeden  &  Co.  Two  years  later  he 
started  the  Weybosset  Mills,  and  engaged  on  a 
large  scale  in  the  manufacture  of  cassimeres  and 
worsteds  in  the  valley  of  the  Blackstone  and  at 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  remained  in  control  of  the 
Wi'vbosset  Mills  until  their  purchase  by  the  Ameri- 
can Woolen  Co.  in  1902.  He  was  director  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Hospital  Trust  Co.,  the  Providence 
Institution  for  Savings  and  the  National  Bank  of 
Commerce,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  enthusiastic  and  active  members  of  the 
Providence  Board  of  Trade,  of  which  he  was  presi- 
dent, 1896-1897  After  his  retirement  from 
active  business  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study 
of  history  and  economics,  in  which  he  had 
always  been  interested.  The  most  important  of 
his  writings  are:  "Economic  and  Social  History 
of  New  England"  (1R90) ;  "Morality  and  Prohibit- 
ing Liquor  Laws"  (1895)  ;  "Social  Law  of  Labor" 
(1899);  "War  Government,  Federal  and  State" 
(1906)  ;  "Indian  Money  as  a  Factor  in  New  Eng- 
land Civilization"  (1908),  and  "Early  Rhode 
Island"  (1910).  In  1882-83  he  was  a  member  of 
the  common  council  of  Providence.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  the 
'Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  the  Massachu- 
setts ( 'onimandery  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the  Univer- 
sity and  Art  clubs,  of  Providence,  the  Examiner 
Club  of  Boston,  and  the  Authors'  Club  of  New 
York.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Brown  University  in  1873,  and  in  1889  and 
1891  was  elected  president  of  the  Rhode  Island 
chapter  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  was  three  times 
married,  (1)  in  Oi-tober,  1859,  to  Amy  Dexter, 
daughter  of  Ezekiel  Owen,  of  Providence,  R.  I.; 
(2)  ir  December,  1867,  to  Hannah  Raymer,  daugh-. 
ter  of  Joseph  Balch,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  by  whom 
lie  had  seven  children :  John  Edward,  William 
Wager,  Eliza  Barnes  (Mrs.  Samuel  Slater-Durfee), 
Raymer  Balch,  James  Vaughn.  Mary  Bailey  and 
Ellen  Howard  (Mrs.  Nathaniel  W.  Smith)  ;  (3) 
in  April,  1893,  to  Jeanie,  daughter  of  Gov.  Henry 
Lippitt,  of  Rhode  Island.  He  died  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  Mar.  28,  1912. 

ADAMS,  George  Herbert,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Campton,  X.  H.,  May  IS,  1851,  sou  of  Isaac 
L.  and  Louisa  C.  (Blair)  Adams.  He  was  edu- 
i-.-itol  in  Kimball  Union  Academy,  Meriden, 
N.  H.,  and  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  the  class  of  1873.  He  then  served  as  princi- 
pal of  the  Middleborough  (Mass.)  high  school 
for  one  year.  In  1874  he  entered  the  law  office 
of  Henry  Blair  at  Plymouth,  N.  H.,  and  two 
years  later  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the 
September  term  of  the  supreme  court.  In 


374 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


that  same  year  he  attended  the  constitutional 
convention  as  a  delegate  from  his  native 
town.  He  practiced  his  profession  in  Plym- 
outh, N.  H.,  until  1879,  when,  upon  the  dis- 
solution of  the  firm  of  Blair  &  Burleigh, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  Alvin 
Burleigh  under  the  firm  name  of  Burleigh 
&  Adams.  He  was  representative  to  the  slate 
legislature  in  1SS3  and  1889,  and  was  state 
senator  in  1903,  serving  as  presiding  officer  in 
the  senate  with  credit  and  distinction.  During 
Pres.  Harrison  's  administration  he  was  deputy 
collector  of  internal  revenue,  and  in  1893-94 
acted  as  judge  advocate  general  of  the  staff  of 
Gov.  John  B.  Smith.  In  1S95-99  he  was  solicitor 
of  Grafton  county,  and  while  in  this  office  be- 
came widely  known  through  the  conviction,  after 
four  years'  trial,  of  Milo  Gray  of  Westmore- 
land, a  wife  murderer,  bringing  witnesses  from 
the  Pacific  coast.  In  September,  1905,  he  was  ap- 
pointed insurance  commissioner  by  Gov.  MeLane 
to  the  place  of  Col.  John  ('.  Liiiehan.  In  1906 
he  went  to  Chicago  as  delegate  from  the  state 
of  New  Hampshire  to  the  convention  of  in- 
surance commissioners,  becoming  chairman  of  the 
convention  and  acting  as  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  fifteen  appointed  to  draft  a  measure 
for  presentation  to  congress  to  remedy  the  insur- 
ance evils  of  that  day.  Aside  from  his  profes- 
sional activities  Gen.  Adams  was  director  and 
president  of  the  Pemigewasset  National  Bank 
for  over  twenty  years;  a  trustee  of  the  Plymouth 
Guaranty  Savings  Bank,  and  a  director  of  the 
Pemigewasset  Railroad,  White  Mountain  Tele- 
phone Co.,  and  Plymouth  Electric  Light  Co.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  served  as 
chairman  of  the  Republican  executive  committee 
of  Plymouth  and  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  state.  For  sixteen  years  he 
was  one  of  the  supervisors  of  Plymouth,  and 
treasurer  of  the  Xew  Hampshire  No'rmal  School. 
He  was  liberal  in  his  views  and  vras  one  of  the 
foremost  in  promoting  social  progress.  It  was 
largely  through  his  efforts  that  his  native  city 
obtained  such  utilities  as  the  electric  light  sys- 
tem, its  concrete  walks,  macadamized  streets, 
court  house  and  the  state  normal  school.  He  con- 
tributed generously  to  church  and  charities.  He 
was  genial  and  kindly  in  disposition  and  pos- 
sessed a  winning  manner.  His  popularity  was 
shown  by  his  K appointment  as  insurance  cum- 
missioner  by  the  governor 's  council  a  month  be- 
fore his  death  over  the  governor 's  refusal  to 
confirm  the  same.  He  was  a  member  of  Olive 
Branch  Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Pemigewasset 
Chapter,  Omega  Council  of  Plymouth,  of  Pilgrim 
Commandery  Knights  Templar  of  Laconia  and  of 
the  Amoskeag  Veterans  of  Manchester.  He  was 
married  June  14,  1877,  to  Sarah  Katherine, 
daughter  of  John  Smith  of  Meredith,  N.  H.  He 
is  survived  by  two  sons,  Walter  Blair  and  George 
Herbert  Adams,  Jr.  He  died  at  Plymouth,  N.  H., 
Nov.  IS,  1911. 

GODBE,  William  Samuel,  capitalist,  philan- 
thropist, was  born  in  London,  England,  June  26, 
1833,  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (La  Riviere) 
Godbe.  Antoine  La  Riviere,  grandfather  of  the 
subject,  was  a  French  nobleman  who  escaped  to 
London  at  the  time  of  the  revolution  and  was 
given  the  post  of  violinist  at  the  Court  of  St. 
James :  he  was  also  special  instructor  in  dancing 
to  Queen  Victoria.  Samuel  Godbe,  father  of  the 
subject,  was  educated  to  be  a  physician,  but 
adopted  music.  His  father  was  a  music  teacher 
and  composer.  He  was  educated  under  the 


tutelage  of  his  father;  an  uncle,  Daniel  Grant, 
who  was  a  civil  engineer,  and  another  uncle, 
Antoine  La  Riviere,  an  engraver.  He  followed  the 
sea  for  several  years  and  after  hearing  a  Mormon 
elder  preach  in  Liverpool,  came  to  America  in 
1851.  He  gradually  worked  his  way  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  where  he  became  a  favorite  of  the 
highest  chiefs  of  the  new  creed  as  well  as  the 
lowliest  toilers,'  and  was  looked  to  everywhere  as 
a  support  in  every  great  enterprise.  In"  the  early 
days  of  Utah  he  acted  as  agent  to  go  east  and 
purchase  goods  for  the  people,  making  one  or 
more  trips  a  year.  The  result  of  these  missions 
benefited  the  community  rather  than  the  public- 
spirited  merchant.  The  arrival  of  his  goods  trains 
gave  periodical  sensations  to  Salt  Lake  City,  so 
many  being  interested.  The  Pacific  Railroad 
brought  to  Utah  a  new  era,  but  Brijrham  Young 
proposed  to  make  it  serve  his  own.  ends  by  estab- 
lishing a  Mormon  commercial  commune  from 
which  "Gentiles"  were  to  be  excluded.  Gndlie 
was  the  leader  of  those  who  rebelled  against  this 
priestly  power,  and  but  for  him  the  vast  mining 
country  might  have  been  locked  up  for  many 
years.  In  his  "Utah  Magazine,''  now  "The  Salt 
Lake  Tribune, ' '  he  exposed  the  false  policy  of 
Young  and  his  scheme  of  commercial  monopoly, 
and  advocated  the-  development  of  Utah 's  vast 
mineral  storehouses,  which  have  since  contributed 
so  largely  to  the  state's  wealth.  He  also  played  a 
conspicuous  part  at  the  crisis  brought  about  by 
the  anti-polygamy  bill  in  Congress.  The  Mormons 
boldly  talked  of  wiping  out  the  "Godbeites"  if 
Grant  sent  troops  to  Utah  to  execute  the-  bill,  but 
by  going  to  Washington  his  wise  counsel  helped 
to  restore  harmony  between  the  Mormons  and  the 
government  officials.  As  early  as  1865  he  secured 
deeds  or  options  on  claims  in  the  Sweetwater 
region  of  Wyoming  when  gold  was  discovered 
there,  and  installed  the  first  quartz  mill  in  that 
territory.  In  1871  he  organized  in  London,  Eng- 
land, The  Chicago  Silver  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  which 
operated,  under  his  personal  supervision,  the 
Chicago  and  Queen  of  the  Hills  mining  group  in 
Dry  Canyon,  Utah.  At  Rush  Lake  he  erected  a 
fifty-ton  lead-smelting  furnace;  later  added  more 
furnaces,  and  shipped  1,300  carloads  of  base  bull- 
ion to  eastern  refineries.  He  erected  smelters 
and  concentrating  plants  for  the  Cave  mines,  at 
Frisco,  Utah ;  at  the  Carbonate  and  Rattler  mines, 
also  at  Frisco,  from  which  he  shipped  bullion  to 
the  value  of  $2,500,000.  In  1879-80  he  organized 
the  Bullionville  Smelting  Co.,  and  bought  tlie  Ray- 
mond and  Ely  tailing  dump  at  Bullionville,  Nev., 
and  there  worked  40,000  tons  of  rich  mill  tailings. 
During  1880-6  he  was  the  mainspring  in  develop- 
ing gold  placers  at  Osceola,  White  Pine  co.,  X"\.. 
and  in  1882  he  took  hold  of  the  antimony  mines 
in  southern  Utah.  His  operations  covered  the  Cot- 
tonwood,  Bingham  and  Tintic  districts  in  Utah, 
and  the  Alice  Mine,  in  Montana.  In  1885  he  or- 
ganized the  Pioche  Consolidated  Mining  and 
Smelting  Co.,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,000,  which 
acquired  the  famous  Raymond  a.nd  Ely,  Meadow 
Valley,  and  most  of  the  other  mines  in  that  cele- 
brated district,  and  later  those  at  Jack  Rabbit  and 
other  surrounding  districts,  and  he  in  luced  the 
Union  Pacific  railroad  to  build  line?  into  that 
region.  It  was  said  that  Mr.  Godbe 's  secret  char- 
ities were  as  wide  as  his  knowledge  GJ.'  need,  and 
there  never  was  a  truer,  more  loyal  or  more  help- 
ful friend  to  the  poor  and  needy.  He  spent  $250,- 
000  alone  in  the  erection  of  buildings  in  Utah  for 
charitable,  religious  ana  humanitarian  effort.  The 
must  dominant  of  his  personal  characteristics  was 


WILLIAM  S.  GODBE 

MIXK   OPERATOR 


WILLIAM  E.  SIMPSON 
DRV  DOCK  BUILDER 


CHALMERS  DALE 
FINANCIER 


IRA  T.  SAYRE 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


his  spirituality.  He  was  generous,  sympathetic, 
kind,  courteous  and  gentle  and  was  always  opti- 
mistic in  the  face  of  dilliculties  which  would  have 
driven  most  men  to  despair.  He  was  jovial  and 
vivacious,  an  excellent  raconteur,  and  also  ever 
ready  to  listen  to  a  good  story.  He  was  married 
to  Mary  Hampton  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  sur- 
vived by  nine  children:  Samuel  Thompson,  Frank, 
Anthony  Hampton,  Ernest  Lacy,  Murray  Charles, 
Alfred,  Sarali  Nellie,  who  married  Richard  H. 
Browne,  of  Salt  Lake  City;  Miriam,  who  married 
Charles  P.  Brooks,  and  Theresa.  Godbe.  He  died 
at  his  summer  hwme  at  Silver  Lake  (Brighton's), 
Utah.  Aug.  1,  1902. 

SIMPSON.  William  Edgar,  drydock  builder, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  21,  1856,  son  of 
James  E.  and  Sophia  (Scharienberg)  Simpson. 
His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  William 
Simpson,  who  came  from  England  in  1740,  and 
landed  in  Connecticut,  later  moving  to  Newport, 
Nova  Scotia.  From  him  and  his  wife  Mirabel 
Durfey,  the  line  descends  through  their  son  James 
and  his  wife  Rachel  Hinkle,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  William  E.  Simpson.  James  Simp- 
son, father  of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Nova 
Scotia,  invented  and  built  the  first  timber  dry- 
dock  ever  made,  at  East  Boston,  Mass.  The 
sou  received  his  education  at  Cheshire  (Conn.) 
Military  Academy.  At  an  early  age  he  began  his 
business  career  with  his  father  in  the  firm  of  J.  E. 
Simpson  &  Co.,  Xew  York  city,  and  they  completed 
some  of  the  most  important  drydock  contracts  for 
the  United  States  government,  and  for  the  British 
colonial  government  in  Newfoundland.  The  Simp- 
son firm  built  the  famous  Drydock  No.  2  at  the 
Brooklyn  (Xew  York)  navy  yard;  another  at  the 
navy  yard  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  and  one  for  the 
Newport  News  (Va.)  Shipbuilding  Co.,  also  sev- 
eral large  drydocks  at  St.  John's,  N.  F.  Various 
drydocks  along  the  eastern  seaboard  were 
built  by  the  Simpson  firm,  which  enjoyed  great 
prosperity.  William  E.  Simpson  personally  super- 
vised the  construction  of  all  these  drydocks,  taking 
up  his  residence  in  each  of  the  places  where  such 
construction  was  in  progress,  and  remaining  there 
until  the  contracts  were  completed.  The  company 
maintained  headquarters  in  New  York  city.  He 
retired  from  this  business  in  1905,  and  thereafter 
was  in  the  service  of  the  U.  S.  government,  in  the 
assay  office,  New  York  city.  For  fifty-five  years 
he  was  a  resident  of  Brooklyn.  He  held  member- 
ship in  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  had  been 
to  Labrador  and  other  Arctic  regions,  and 
wrote  many  serial  and  short  stories  for  boys 
depicting  life  in  the  far  North.  These  were  pub- 
lished chiefly  in  western  magazines.  He  was  a 
close  friend  of  both  Adolphus  Washington  Greely 
(q.v.)  and  Com.  Peary  (q.v.).  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  St.  James'  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  Brooklyn.  Politically  he  was  an  Inde- 
pendent. He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  literary 
pursuits.  The  predominant  traits  of  his  char- 
acter were  conscientiousness,  charitableness,  genial 
comradeship,  and  sympathy  with  others.  He  had 
a  scholarly  mind,  and  a  great  devotion  to  duty. 
He  was  married  at  Brooklyn,  to  Mattie  W.,  daugh- 
ter of  Capt.  David  Jackson,  commander  of  the  old 
frigate  "Constitution"  in  the  civil  war;  she  died 
in  L392.  There  are  two  surviving  children:  Eva 
Howell  and  Mildred  St.  John  Simpson.  He  died 
in  Xew  York  city,  July  11,  1919. 

DAI/E,  Chalmers,  capitalist,  was  born  in  New 
York,  Feb.  2,  18S2,  son  of  Chalmers  and  Carrie  R. 
(Lyon)  Di'le.  His  father  (1852-190S)  was  a  promi- 


nent merchant  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York, 
senior  member  of  the  wholesale  dry-goods  firm  of 
Dale,  Ross  &  Co.  His  first  American  ancestor  was 
John  Dale,  a  native  of  St.  John's  Parish,  Dublin, 
Ireland,  who  came  over  in  1743  and  settled  in 
Delaware;  his  wife  was  Mary  Brown,  and  from 
them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their 
son,  John,  who  married  Mary  Colgate,  grand- 
daughter of  Col.  Richard  Colgate,  of  England. 
Chalmers  Dale,  Jr.,  was  educated  at  the  Allen 
School,  Xew  York  city,  and  the  Hill  School  in 
Pottstown,  Pa.;  he  took  a  course  at  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  at  Yale,  but  left  before  graduat- 
ing to  engage  in  business.  In  1905  he  became  as- 
sociated with  the  Precious  Metals  Corporation,  of 
New  York,  as  treasurer.  This  corporation  is  a 
holding  company,  controlling  a  number  of  sub- 
sidiary companies  engaged  in  the  development  of 
mines  and  water  powers,  among  which  are  the 
Federal  Development  Co.,  of  California,  and  the 
East  Canada  Smelting  Co.,  operating  copper  prop- 
erties near  Sherbrooke,  P.  Q.,  Canada.  In  1915  he 
organized  the  Coronet  Products  Corporation,  which 
owns  large  plantations  in  the  Philippines,  and  was 
its  first  president.  In  1907  Mr  Dale  purchased  a 
seat  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  although 
he  is  not  at  the  present  time  actively  engaged  in 
the  banking  business.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  a 
large  estate  at  Cold  Spring  on  the  Hudson  river, 
which  among  other  valuable  features  contain  prob- 
ably the  finest  kennel  of  Great  Danes  in  the  United 
States.  In  a  magnificent  private  library  he  has 
a  valuable  collection  of  original  manuscripts,  the 
most  prized  of  which  are  a  collection  of  letters 
relating  to  the  period  immediately  preceding  the 
American  Revolution,  written  by  men  prominent  in 
the  colonial  assemblies.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Lambs '  Club,  of  New  York,  the  Seawanhaka  Cor- 
inthian Yacht  Club  and  the  Crescent  Athletic 
Club,  of  Brooklyn,  the  Long  Island  Auto  Club  and 
a  director  of  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving 
Club.  He  was  married  Mar.  31,  1905,  to  Sadie  L., 
daughter  of  Anthony  Peters,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
and  has  one  son,  Edwin  Dale. 

SAYH.E,  Ira  Terry,  lawyer,  banker,  was  bor-< 
in  Schuyler  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  6,  1858,  son  of  Au- 
gustus and  Sarah  Evelyn  (Terry)  Sayre.  His  first 
American  ancestor  was  Thomas  Sayre,  who  came 
from  England  in  1639  and  settled  at  Southamp- 
ton, L.  I.,  N.  Y.,  the  line  of  descent  being  traced 
through  his  son  Francis  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Wheeler;  their  son  Ichabod  and  his  wife  Jane 
Latham  Hubbard;  their  son  Ichabod;  his  son 
Joshua  and  his  wife  Martha  Halsey ;  their  son  Caleb 
and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Halsey,  and  their  son  David 
Halsey  and  his  wife  Sidney  Aston,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Ira  Terry  Sayre.  Our  subject  was 
educated  at  the  Flushing  high  school,  and  at  Michi- 
gan Agricultural  College.  He  was  a  student  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1880  and  1SS1  and  in 
the  latter  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has 
since  practiced  his  profession  in  Flushing.  Aside 
from  his  activities  as  lawyer,  he  is  a  stockholder 
and  director  of  the  Bank  of  Swartz  Creek,  Bank 
of  Gaines  and  Bank  of  Goodrich,  and  is  interested 
in  fruit-growing  in  both  Iowa  and  Alabama.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  the  Industrial  School  of  Michigan 
during  1893-99  and  during  1899-1901  represented 
his  district  in  the  Michigan  state  senate.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  tax  commission 
during  1901-07.  In  Masonry  he  holds  the  33d  de- 
gree, and  he  is  a  member  also  of  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Knights  of 
the  Modern  Maccabees,  Ancient  Order  of  Forest- 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


ers,  and  of  various  other  fraternal  ns  well  as  social, 
historical,  patriotic  and  professional  bodies  and 
associations.  Mr.  Sayre  was  married  at  C'harle- 
roix,  Mich.,  Aug.  4,  1884,  to  Julia  Elsie,  daughter 
of  Franklin  A.  Miles,  a  merchant  of  Flushing,  and 
has  three  children:  Helen  Lorraine,  Sidney  Es- 
telle,  and  Frank  Niles  Sayre. 

SUMMERS,  John  Edward,  surgeon,  was 
born  at  Fort  Kearney,  Neb.,  Jan.  2,  1858,  son 
of  John  Edward  and  Caroline  Jane  (Stuart) 
Summers.  His  earliest  paternal  American  an- 
cestor came  from  England  in  the  early  part  of 
the  17th  century  and  settled  in  Virginia,  being 
a  collateral  descendant  of  Sir  George  Summers 
(Somers),  who  came  to  Virginia  in  command  of 
the  fleet  with  Sir  Thomas  Uates,  in  1609,  was 
wrecked  upon  the  Bermuda  Islands,  thereafter 
known  as  the  Summers  Islands;  he  finally 
reached  Jamestown,  but  subsequently  returned  to 
the  Bermudas,  where  he  died.  Brig.-Gen.  John 
Edward  Summers,  U.  S.  A.,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  in  1849 
was  sent  with  troops  to  California  via  Cape 
Horn.  He  served  in  California  and  Oregon  un- 
til 1854,  and  at  posts  on  the  Indian  frontier 
until  1M12.  He  was  then  detailed  for  duty  in 
the  civil  war,  and  became  medical  inspector  of 
the  department  of  Tennessee;  was  with  Grant 
at  Vicksburg.  After  the  war  he  was  made 
medical  director  of  the  department  of  the  Da- 
kotas,  on  Hancock's  staff,  and  afterward  med- 
ical director  of  the  department  of  the  Platte, 
on  Crook 's  staff,  being  retired  for  age  in  1885 
nith  rank  as  brigadier  general.  John  Edward 
Summers  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
private  schools,  and  for  more  than  two  years  was 
a  cadet  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West 
Point.  He  was  graduate  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Columbia  University 
in  'issl  with  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  during  the 
ensuing  two  years  was  acting  assistant  surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  serving  with  troops  in  northern  Wyo- 
ming. He  then  spent  two  years  in  post-graduate 
studies  in  the  leading  hospitals  and  universities 
of  Europe,  chiefly  in  Vienna,  and  in  1885  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Omaha,  Neb., 
specializing  in  surgery.  He  is  professor  of 
clinical  surgery  in  the  college  of  medicine  of  the 
University  of  Nebraska;  visiting  surgeon  to  the 
Clarksou  Memorial  and  Wise  Memorial  Hospitals, 
Omaha;  chief  of  staff  and  visiting  surgeon  to 
Douglas  County  Hospital,  and  he  has  served  as 
surgeon-general  of  the  Nebraska  national  guard, 
on  the  staff  of  Gov.  James  E.  Boyd  (q.v.),  and 
as  colonel  and  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  Gov. 
Ashton  C.  Shallenberger.  He  is  past  president 
of  the  Nebraska  State  Medical  Society;  fellow 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  American 
Surgical  Association,  ami  Aznerican  College  of 
Surgeons;  member  of  the  Societe  Internationale 
de  Chirurgie,  Medical  Society  of  the  Missouri 
Valley,  Western  Surgical  Society,  Association  of 
Military  Surgeons  of  the  United  States,  com- 
panion Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and 
he  holds  membership  also  in  the  Friends  of  Art 
Society,  and  in  the  Commercial,  Omaha  Country, 
Omaha,  Palimpsest,  and  University  clubs,  Omaha. 
He  was  married  Apr.  24,  1S95,  to  Laura  Marian, 
daughter  of  George  A.  Hoagland  of  Omaha, 
Neb.;  they  have  two  children:  John  Hoagland 
and  Stuart  Wyman  Summers. 

KIMBALL,  Frank  Edward,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  Jan.  20, 
1861,  sou  of  Daniel  Porter  and  Melissa  (Keyes) 
Kimball.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 


was  Richard  Kimball,  who  came  from  England 
in  16.H4,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts.  His  wife 
was  Ursula  Scott,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Benjamin 
and  his  wife  Mercy  Haseltiue ;  their  son  Ebe- 
nezer  and  his  wife  Ruth  Eaton;  their  son  Abra- 
ham and  his  wife  Mary  Pike;  their  son  Amos 
and  his  wife  Abigail  Corliss;  their  son  John  and 
his  wife  Mehitable  Carletou,  to  their  sou  Dudley 
C.  Kimball  and  his  wife  Sally  Putnam,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  Frank  Edward  Kim- 
ball. His  father  served  as  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature,  and  in  1866  purchased  a  farm 
at  Newliury,  Vt.  The  son  received  his  prelim- 
inary education  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
St.  Johnsbury  (Vt.)  Academy,  subsequently  en- 
tering Newbury  Seminary.  He  began  his  busi- 
ness career  at  Newbury.  In  1SS2  he  established 
liimsilf  in  the  lumber  business,  in  which  he 
engaged  successfully  for  twenty-five  years.  He 
had  various  other  commercial,  as  well  as  indus- 
trial and  financial  interests,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  president  of  the  Wells  River  (Vt.) 
Savings  Bank  and  a  director  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Newbury.  lie  was  president  of  the 
Tenny  Memorial  Library,  Newbury.  He  held 
membership  in  the  Masonic  fraternity.  His  po- 
litical atliliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  in  Iv.is  he  was  a  member  from  Newbury 
of  the  Vermont  house  of  representatives.  Mr. 
Kimball  gave  to  all  the  enterprises  and  under- 
takings with  which  he  was  connected  conscien- 
tious, enthusiastic,  intelligent  and  untiring  sup- 
port and  devotion,  the  success  and  efficiency  of 
many  of  them  being  the  result.  He  was  remark- 
able for  his  ability  and  industry.  He  was  pre- 
eminently public-spirited  and  untiringly  devoted 
to  the  public  welfare.  He  was  courteous  and 
generous,  strictly  honest  and  upright  in  all  his 
dealings  and  throughout  his  life  represented 
the  highest  type  of  manhood  and  citizenship. 
He  was  married  at  Janesville,  Wis.,  Nov.  16, 
1S87,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  Newton  H.  Clark, 
a  merchant  of  Janesville,  Wis.  He  died  at  New- 
bury, Vt.,  Nov.  23,  1916. 

ERICSON,  William  Matthews,  lawyer  and 
judge,  was  born  at  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  July  15,  18sQ, 
son  of  John  Ferdinand  and  Johanna  Marie  (Hel- 
sing)  Ericfon.  John  Isaac  Helsing,  his  maternal 
grandfather,  was  an  officer  in  the  Swedish  army 
at  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  John  Ferdinand  Eric- 
son,  father  of  the  subject  is  a  merchant  of  Red 
Wing,  Minn.,  having  come  to  this  country  from 
Nerike,  Sweden,  in  1870;  in  his  native  country  he 
served  in  the  Swedish  cavalry.  William  Matthews 
Ericsou  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Red  Wing.  He  studied  law  there  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Frank  M.  Wilson,  and,  during 
1004-05  was  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Red  Wing 
"Republican."  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Minnesota  in  1906,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Red  Wing.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Goodhue  county,  to 
which  office  he  was  reflected  in  1908  and  again  in 
1910.  Meanwhile,  during  1907,  he  was  in  partner- 
ship with  his  preceptor,  under  the  firm  style  of 
Wilson  &  Ericson.  In  1914  Gov.  A.  O.  Eb'erhart 
(q.  v.)  appointed  him  judge  of  probate  of  Good- 
hue  county  and  later  in  that  year  ho  was  regularly 
elected  to  that  office  without  opposition  and  was 
re-elected  in  1916  and  in  191R.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Alliance  Internationale  de  Correspon- 
dance,  Amsterdam,  Holland ;  Minnesota  State 
Bar  Association;  Minnesota  State  Horticul- 
tural Society;  Association  of  Probate  Judges  of 


JOHN  E.  SUMMERS 
SURGEON 


FRANK  E.  KIMEALL 
MERCHANT 


tlr 


WILLIAM  M.  ERICSON 
LAWYER 


LEOXIDAS  S.  EBRIGHT 
I'llYSlCIAX  AND  SURGEON 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


.'577 


Minnesota,  and  of  the  Minnesota  College  Art  So- 
ciety, Minneapolis.  He  has  passed  through  all  the 
chairs  of  his  lodge,  Benevolent  and  Protective  Or- 
der of  Elks,  and  has.«erved  as  district  deputy 
(1913-14)  and  grand  exalted  ruler  of  that  order 
for  Southern  Minnesota ;  is  past  chancellor  com- 
mander of  the  Knights  of  Pythias;  past  great 
sachem  for  Minnesota  (1909-10)  and  local  secre- 
tary (1906-15),  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  and 
is  a  member  also  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen;  Independent  Order  of  Foresters;  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  Masonic  lodge 
chapter,  and  commandery  Brotherhood  of  Ameri- 
can Yeomen;  Camels  of  the  World;  Scandinavian 
Benevolent  Society ;  Young  Men 's  Christian  As- 
sociation, and  of  the  Red  Wing  Commercial,  Red 
Wing  Golf,  and  Florodora  clubs,  Red  Wing.  He 
is  a  communicant  of  the  Swedish  Evangelical 
Lutheran  church,  and  his  political  affiliation  is 
with  the  Republican  party.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  fishing,  golf,  travel,  also  in  public 
speaking,  literary  studies  and  as  an  art  collector. 
He  is  unmarried. 

EBRIGHT,  Leonidas  Strickland,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  in  Fairfield  county,  O.,  Sept. 
26,  1844,  son  of  George  and  Rachel  (Hathaway) 
Ebright.  His  father  was  a  minister.  Leonidas  S. 
Ebright  received  his  preliminary  education  in  pub- 
lic schools.  Before  he  was  eighteen  he  enlisted  for 
the  civil  war  as  private  in  a  regiment  of  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry;  received  his  honorable  dis- 
charge at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  in 
October,  1862,  but  enlisted  again  in  April,  1864, 
in  the  88th  Ohio  regiment,  and  was  assigned  to 
clinical  work,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
July,  ls65.  The  following  year  he  began  the 
study  of  medicine  at  Akron,  O.,  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  Drs.  William  Boweu  and  Thomas  Mc- 
Ebright.  He  was  graduated  at  Charity  Hospital 
Medical  College,  Cleveland,  in  1869,  with  the  de- 
gree M.D.,  and  after  more  than  a  year  of  post- 
graduate work  in  the  best  colleges  ami  hospitals 
of  Germany  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Akron.  He  soon  gained  a  large  repre- 
sentative practice,  and  became  a  dominant  factor 
in  public  life  and  in  Republican  politics.  He 
served  four  years  as  health  officer  of  Akron;  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives  in 
ISM  i,  serving  two  terms;  was  president,  in  1890, 
of  the  decennial  real  estate  board  of  equalization 
of  Akron,  and  in  1897  was  appointed  postmaster, 
continuing  twelve  consecutive  years  in  that  office. 
For  four  years  he  was  surgeon-general  of  Ohio, 
with  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1896  he 
stumped  the  state  for  McKinley  for  president. 
Aside  from  his  professional  and  political  activities 
he  from  time  to  time  became  connected  with  vari- 
ous business  institutions.  He  was  the  first 
secretary  of  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  was  a  member  also  American  Medical 
Association,  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  Medina 
County  Medical  Society,  Royal  Arcanum,  of  which 
lie  was  a  charter  member.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  out-of-doors  pursuits,  particularly 
among  horses,  and  in  agriculture.  Dr.  Ebright 
was  widely  known  for  his  charities.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Sharon,  O.,  Nov.  15,  1883,  to  Julia  A., 
daughter  of  Erastus  S.  Bissell,  of  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  and  had  two  daughters:  Ruth  Bissell,  who 
man-led  Emmett  Finley,  and  Mary  Rachel  Ebright. 
He  died  at  Sharon  Center,  O.,  July  9,  1917. 
(Portrait  opposite  p.  376). 

GREEN,  William  T.,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  at  Waynetown,  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
Mar.  29,  1857,  s'on  of  Samuel  John  and  Mary 


(Abbott)  Green.  His  father  was  likewise  a  physi- 
cian. As  a  youth  William  T.  Green  resided  with 
a  sister  at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  where  he  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
at  the  old  Methodist  Episcopal  College,  then  lo- 
cated at  Fort  Wayne.  He  took  a  special  course 
in  chemistry  at  Purdue  University  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Dr.  Harvey  Wiley  (q.v.),  also  other 
branches  preparatory  to  the  study  of  medicine, 
which  he  subsequently  read  in  the  office  of  his 
uncle,  Dr.  Milton  Dodsou,  at  Berlin,  Wis.  He  was 
graduated  at  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  in 
1880,  with  the  degree  M.  D.  He  immediately  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Brimfield, 
Noble  co.,  Ind.,  removing  shortly  thereafter  to 
Wolcottville,  Ind.,  and  later  to  Rome  City,  Ind., 
eventually  settling,  in  1881,  at  Albion,  Ind",  where 
for  thirty-three  years  he  was  the  beloved  family 
physician,  ministering  to  a  large  clientele.  His 
skill  as  a  physician  took  him  to  all  parts  of  the 
county,  and  the  fact  that  he  was  attending  physi- 
cian of  any  case  was  taken  as  assurance  that  all 
was  well.  He  possessed  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty 
and  was  public  spirited.  During  the  Harrison  ad- 
ministration he  was  a  member  of  the  local  board 
of  pension  examiners,  and  for  six  years  was  a 
member  of  the  Albion  school  board.  For  seven 
years  he  was  secretary  of  the  Noble  county  board 
of  health,  and  he  had  been  county  coroner.  His 
wide  acquaintance  and  acknowledged  success  both 
in  his  profession  and  as  a  public  officer,  led  to  his 
election,  in  1916,  as  state  senator  from  the  district 
comprising  Noble,  La  Grange  and  Steuben  coun- 
ties. He  had  scarcely  taken  his  place  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  70th  general  assemblv  of  the  state,  and 
had  been  appointed  to  several  important  commit- 
tees of  that  body,  when  he  succumbed  to  an  attack 
of  pneumonia.  He  served  several  terms  as  presi- 
dent of  the  Noble  County  Medical  Society;  was  a 
.">2d  degree  Mason,  and  Knight  Templar,  and  a 
member  also  of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  America, 
Noble  County  Horticultural  Society,  and  the  Al- 
bion Commercial  Club.  His  political  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  during  its  ex- 
istence he  allied  himself  with  the  Progressive 
movement  in  that  party.  Aside  from  professional 
activities  his  real  life  was  his  religious  life,  and 
his  religious  earnestness  found  expression  in  many 
ways.  For  years  he  had  been  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday  school  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  in  that  capacity  manifested  a  remark- 
able amount  of  enthusiasm  and  "nergy.  He  was 
interested  in  philanthropic  activities,  and  he 
brought  to  them  the  skill  and  tireless  devotion  of 
the  accomplished  physician  in  ministering  to  the 
city 's  poor  and  forsaken.  The  governor  and 
lieutenant-governor  of  Indiana  and  forty-nine  sena- 
tors, attended  his  funeral  obsequies.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  Feb.  16,  issl.  to  Eva 
M.,  daughter  of  David  Winston  Jones,  a  publisher 
of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.;  she  survives  him,  with  three 
children:  Sarah  Jane,  Dr.  John  Winston,  lieuten- 
ant with  Naval  Reserve  Corps  during  the  war, 
partner  of  his  father  in  practice,  and  William  Har- 
vrry  Green,  a  railway  man  of  Garrett,  Ind.  He 
died  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Jan.  23,  1917. 

GOODRICH,  John  Ellsworth,  clergyman  and 
educator,  was  born  in  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  Jan.  19, 
18:n,  son  of  Elijah  H.  and  Mary  Northrop  (Wash- 
hum)  Goodrich,  and  a  descendant  of  William 
Goodridge,  who  came  from  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
Suffolk,  England,  in  1634;  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Watertown,  Mass.,  and  later  went  to  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.  While  attending  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont, he  worked  his  way  by  assisting  in  the  pub- 


378  THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPEDIA 

lishing  house  of  his  uncle,  Chauncey  Goodrich  ucation,  but  when  he  was  fifteen  years  old  his 
(q.v.),  celebrated  as  a  bookseller  and  horticultur-  father  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 
1st.  While  a  student  he  founded,  in  1850,  the  Delta  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  son 
Psi  fraternity,  which  he  lived  to  see  expand  into  at  once  entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
a  wide  fellowship.  He  was  graduated  with  honor  where  he  was  graduated  in  1S3S,  third'  in  his 
in  1853.  He  was  principal  of  Hinsdale  (Mass.)  class.  He  at  once  began  the  study  of  law  under 
Academy  duriag  1S53-54,  and  of  the  Washington  Charles  Chauncey,  and  in  three  years  was  admitted 
County  Grammar  School,  Montpelier,  Vt,  in  1854-  to  the  bar.  Hi's  unusual  breadth  of  power  and 
55.  In  order  to  equip  himself  more  thoroughly  for  great  natural  ability  as  a  lawyer  were  so  evident 
hib  chosen  profession  he  entered  Andover  Theo-  during  the  trial  of  a  case  during  his  second  year 
logical  Seminary,  rhere  he  graduated  in  1860.  He  of  practice  that  he  was  recognized  as  one  of'  the 
spent  four  years  in  business  with  his  uncle  at  leading  juniors.  In  his  nirith  year  at  the  bar. 
Burlington,  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Orange  1849,  he  had  his  first  case  in  the 'supreme  court  of 
Association,  Wells  River,  Vt.,  in  1S64,  and  shortly  Pennsylvania,  and  from  that  time  on  he  had  no 
thereafter  was  ordained.  He  was  appointed  chap-  le*s  than  seventyone  important  cases  in  that  tri- 
lain  of  1st  ATermont  volunteer  cavalry,  serving  bunal.  Two  years  later  his  cases  began  in  the 
until  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  and  then  became  United  States  circuit  courts,  and  his  treatment  of 
pastor  at  Malone,  N.  Y.,  for  a  few  months.  He  the  Castncr  Hanway  treason  case  and  the  Wood- 
was  acting  pastor  at  Richmond.  Vt.,  during  worth  Planing  case  "established  his  position  as  one 
1867-68 :  superintendent  of  city  schools  at  Burl-  of  the  first  lawyers  at  the  bar.  In  1855  one  of  his 
ington,  1868-70:  acting  pastor  at  St.  Albans  Bay,  most  notable  cases  was  the  Henry  Hertz  interna- 
Vt..  1870-71;  principal  of  Kimball  Union  Acad-  tional  case,  which  caused  the  British  minister  and 
emy,  Meriden,  N.  H.,  1871-72;  acting  pastor  several  consuls  to  receive  their  passports.  He  had 
Jericho  Corners,  Vt.,  1874-75,  and  at  Hinesburg,  been  admitted  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
Vt.,  1873-76.  Meanwhile,  in  1872,  he  was  called  States  in  1845,  and  in  his  first  case  before  that  tri- 
to  the  University  of  Vermont  as  professor  of  bunal  was  opposed  by  Daniel  Webster.  In  1857  he 
English  literature  and  Latin.  He  remained  there,  was  made  the  Philadelphia  solicitor  of  the  Penn- 
occupying  the  chairs  of  Greek  and  Latin  and  finally  sylvania  railroad,  and  handled  its  affairs  so  ably 
Latin  alone  until  1907,  when  he  became  professor  that  in  1869  he  was  made  its  general  counsel,  serv- 
emeritus.  He  was  librarian  of  the  university  dur-  ing  as  its  chief  champion  for  twenty  years  before 
ing  1873-87;  was  the  organizer  of  Founder's  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  tribunals.  The  great 
Day,  in  honor  of  Ira  Allen  (q.v.),  who  gave  all  railway  grew  up  with  him,  so  to  speak,  and  he  died 
the  land  and  much  money  to  the  institution,  and  while  in  the  midst  of  one  of  its  most  important 
of  the  Humane  Society,  of  which  he  was  the  first  suits,  the  Junction  railway  case.  Mr.  Cuyler  was 
president.  He  was  registrar,  and  later  president,  a  large-visioned  constructive  lawyer,  botfi  as  coun- 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  society;  chaplain  of  Ver-  sel  and  advocate,  and  in  all  departments  of  law. 
mont  commandery.  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  He  was  a  master  at  Nisi  Prius  and  en  bane 
Legion,  and  a  dominant  factor  in  G.  A.  R.  circles,  equally,  anad  he  appeared  in  all  courts  in  various 
After  retiring  from  his  professorship  he  was  en-  parts  of  the  land,  especially  in  railway  cases,  and 
gaged  in  literary  work,  editing  the  ''University  as  a  great  counsel  for  corporations.  He  was  also 
of  Vermont  Centennial"  and  the  Vermont  revolu-  a  builder  of  Fairmount  Park,  on  its  original  com- 
tionary  rolls,  and  contributing  to  the  Encyclo-  mission;  the  Art  Club,  of  which  he  was  the  first 
pedia  Britannica  and  Supplement,"  "The  New  president;  of  the  Musical  Fund  Hall,  of  which  he 
England  States,"  ''History  of  Chittenden  County."  was  a  director;  of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  of 
"Picturesque  Burlington"  and  various  newspapers  which  he  was  counsel,  and  of  the  Second  Pr'esby- 
and  magazines.  His  teaching  was  profoundly  terian  Church,  whose  beautiful  building  is  almost 
stimulating  and  his  scorn  of  intellectual  inertia  was  his  memorial  to  his  father.  He  was  a  most  active 
so  scorching  that  the  dullest  minds  were  aroused  to  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1S73, 
effort,  while  the  accuracy  of  his  scholarship,  the  in  which  his  conservative  attitude  usually  left  him 
purity  of  his  English  and  the  chasteness  of  his  in  the  minority.  He  was  married  Dec.  21,  is.jo,  to 
thought  evoked  the  admiration  of  colleagues  and  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  De  Witt, 
students  and  imparted  a  marked  character  to  the  D.  D.,  and  had  three  sons,  Thomas  De  Witt  Cuy- 
students'  public  productions.  His  literary  taste  ler,  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and  Cornelius  Cuyler 
was  conspicious  in  his  speech  and  writings;  he  be-  Cuyler,  a  financier  of  New  York,  and  Theodore 
came  recognized  as  a  sort  of  literary  arbiter  and  De  Witt  Cuyler,  and  one  daughter,  Eleanor  De 
his  critical  judgment  was  eagerly  sought.  He  was  Graff  Cuyler.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Apr. 
married,  at 'Burlington,  Art.,  Feb.  8,  1869,  to  Ellen  5,  1876.  " 

M.,  daughter  of  Robert  Moody,  and  left  one  son,        DODGE,    Joseph.    Thompson,    civil    engineer. 

Chauncey   M.   Goodrich,   of  Detroit.      He   died   at  was   born   in    Barre,   Vt.,    May    16,    1833,   son   of 

Burlington.  Vt..  Feb.  24,  1915.  Joseph   and   Azubah    (Thompson)    Dodge,   and   a 

CTJYLEE,     Theodore,     lawyer,    was    born    in  descendant    in   the   eighth    generation   of   Richard 

Poughkeepsie.  X.  Y.,  Sept.   14."  1S19,  son  of  Cor-  Dodge,  who  settled  in  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1638.     He 

nelius   C.   and   Eleanor    (De    Graff)    Cuyler.      His  was  educated  at  the  Montpelier     (Vt.)   Academy, 

first   American   ancestor   was   Hendrick ' Cuyler,    a  the  Newbury   (Vt.)   Seminary,  Dartmouth  College 

native    of    Amsterdam,    Holland,    who     came    to  and  the  University  of  Vermont,  being  graduated 

America  in  1664.  settling  at  Albany,  N.  Y. ;   and  at  the  last  in   1845.     On  the  recommendation   of 

from  him  and  his  wife  was  Anna  Schepmoes;  the  Pres.  Wheeler,  he  was  appointed  assistant  engineer 

line   of   descent   is   traced   through   their   son   Jo-  of  the  Vermont  Central  railroad,  and  was  engaged 

hannes,  who   married   Elsje  Ten  Brock;    their  son  in  some  of  the  most  difficult  construction  work  on 

Johannes    A.,    who    married    Catherina    Wendel;  that  line.     He  was  engineer  in  charge  of  surveys 

their  son  Cornelius,  who  married  Jane  Yates,  and  for    the    proposed    railroad    from    Montpelier    to 

their  son  Cornelius  C.,  father  of  the  the  subject.  Bradford.    Vt.,    in    1849.     In    the    same    year    he 

Cornelius  C.  Cuyler  was   a  distinguished   minister  went  to  Missouri.     He  became  associated  with  J. 

of  the   Dutch   Reformed   church.     The  mother   of  B.  Moulton,  county  engineer  of  St.  Louis  county, 

Theodore   Cuyler   directed   much   of  his  early   ed-  Mo.,  in  building  plank  roads  and  on  other  public 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


37!) 


works.  He  was  division  engineer  or  resident 
engineer  engaged  in  constructing  a  number  of 
western  railroads  in  Missouri  and  Wisconsin  until 
the  civil  war.  For  a  time  he  was  state  mustering 
i. tlicer  at  Madison,  Wis.,  and  during  1862-63  was 
principal  of  public  schools  of  Monroe,  Wis.,  after 
which  he  resumed  railroad  work.  He  was  engaged 
by  the  U.  S.  war  department  in  1867-68  to  survey 
and  map  the  battlefield  of  the  Atlanta  campaign. 
During  1868-74  he  was  engineer  in  charge  of  con- 
struction of  the  railroad  from  Mendota  to  St. 
Paul,  and  from  La  Crosse  to  St.  Paul  along  the 
banks  of  the  Mississippi  river,  these  roads  now 
being  a  part  of  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
system.  As  part  of  this  work  he  designed  and 
superintended  the  erection  of  bridges  across  that 
river  at  St.  Paul  and  Hastings,  Minn.,  and  La 
<  'rosse,  Wis.  His  most  important  work  was  as 
division  engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
locating  and  constructing  the  Yellowstone  division 
t'runi  Glendive  to  Benson's  Landing,  and  the  Eocky 
Mountain  division  from  Benson 's  Landing,  200 
miles  over  the  Belt  mountains.  He  built  the  Boze- 
man  tunnel,  .''.,610  feet  long,  costing  $.".63.000; 
the  Mullan  tunnel,  3850  feet  lung  and  costing 
.-.-.no, (MHi.  and  the  Iron  Ridge  tunnel,  640  feet 
long,  besides  several  bridges  over  deep  gorges.  Mr. 
Dodge  located  his  work  here  with  such  exactness 
that  a  re-location  has  never  been  considered  neces- 
sary. He  was  chief  engineer  and  had  charge  of 
the  surveys  and  construction  of  the  Montana 
i  Cntral  railroad  from  Great  Falls  to  Butte,  in 
1885-87, — his  last  engineering  contract, — which 
was  one  of  the  greatest  engineering  achievements 
of  the  time.  The  road  has  five  large  tunnels,  in- 
cluding the  Wickes  tunnel,  6,112  feet  long.  The 
rest  of  his  life  was  spent  in  Madison,  Wis.  He 
wii*  one  of  the  organizers  and  president  of  the 
Montana  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  a  member 
of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  the 
We-trrn  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  the  Society 
of  Physical  Research,  the  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  Society,  and  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
society  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  He  com- 
piled a  "Genealogy  of  the  Dodge  Family  of  Essex 
Countj7,  Mass."  (1894).  His  alma  mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  \^>\-,  and  that  of 
Ph.D.  in  1875.  Mr.  Dodge  was  married  Oct.  24, 
1850,  to  Melissa  J.  Marble  of  North  Hartland.  Vt., 
and  had  five  children:  Lucia  Marble;  Marion  Vir- 
ginia, wife  of  Lucius  M.  Fay  of  Madison.  Wis.; 
Flora  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Warren  H.  Freeman; 
Martha  Miller,  and  Joseph  Dodge.  He  died  in 
Madison,  Wis. 

TENNEY,  Otis  Seth,  soldier,  educator  and 
lawyer,  was  born  in  Hanover  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.  H.,  Dec.  4,  1S22,  son  of  Capt.  Seth  and 
Esther  (Miller)  Teuney.  His  first  American  an- 
cestor was  Thomas  Teuney,  a  member  of  the  Rev. 
Ezekiel  Rogers'  company,  who  came  from  York- 
shire, England,  in  1638  and  settled  at  Rowley, 
Mass.;  from  him  and  his  wife  Ann  —  — ,  the  line 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Deacon  John 
and  his  wife,  Mercy  Parrat;  their  son  Deacon 
Samuel  and  his  wife,  Sarah  Boynton;  their  son 
Joseph  and  his  wife,  Abigail  Wood;  their  son 
John  and  his  wife,  Olive  Armstrong;  and  their 
son,  Capt.  David,  and  his  wife,  Anna  Jacob,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  revo- 
lutionary war,  and  his  father  was  a  captain  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Otis  Seth  Tenney  received  his  pre- 
paratory education  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Norwich  Academy.  He  was  graduated  at  Nor- 
wich University,  Northfield,  Vt.,  in  1845;  received 


tin-  degree  of  A.M.  irom  that  institution  in  1847 
and  that  of  LL.D.  in  1881.  He  became  an  in- 
structor in  the  Hyatt  Military  Academy,  Wilming- 
ton, Del.  On  July  25,  1846,  the  governor  of  Dela- 
ware appointed  him  captain  of  the  Delaware  light 
guards.  In  1S47  he  established  a  military  school 
at  old  Fort  Mason,  near  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky.  Mean- 
while he  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  Ken- 
tucky bar  in  1849,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Mt.  Sterling,  where  he  remained 
until  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army  (lsii2) 
as  drillmnster  for  the  second  battalion  of  mounted 
rifles  raised  by  Lieut. -Col.  Thomas  Johnson,  which 
command  became  a  unit  in  the  2d  Kentucky  cav- 
alry. He  served  with  the  rank  of  major  and  was 
with  Gens.  Wheeler  and  Forrest  at  McMinnville 
and  Farmington;  with  Morgan  at  Mt.  Sterling  and 
Greenville,  Teim..  and  with  Gen.  Juhal  A. 
Early  in  the  Shenandoah  valley.  When  peace  was 
restored  he  attempted  to  resume  his  practice,  but 
was  refused  permission  by  the  presiding  judge, 
who  ruled  that  he  was  not  a  citizen  according  to 
the  expatriation  act  passed  by  the  Kentucky  legis- 
lature in  !>><>l-62.  He  thereupon  appealed  to  the 
court  of  appeals  at  Frankfort  and  obtained  a 
decision  which  not  only  restored  him.  but  other 
Confederate  soldiers  to  their  privileges  at  the  bar. 
lie  practiced  at  Mt.  Sterling  until  1SS2  and  there- 
alter  at  Lexington,  where  he  attained  a  ranking 
position  iii  his  profession  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  dean  of  the  Lexington  bar.  He  was 
past  president  of  the  Kentucky  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  Revolution,  of  which  organization  he 
was.  at  the  time  of  his  death,  the  oldest  member 
in  the  United  States;  president  of  the  Association 
of  Morgan  Men;  president  of  his  camp,  United 
Confederate  Veterans;  commander  of  the  John  ('. 
Breckenridge  Camp,  Confederate  Veteians,  and 
the  Lexington  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
rtinfcdcracy  bcais  his  iiMiie.  Of  his  endowment* 
and  acquirements  no  correct  estimate  can  be  made 
aside  from  his  chosen  profession  of  law;  there  by 
common  consent  lie  was  adjudged  eminent. 
Mr.  Tenney  was  married  May  18,  1S48,  to  Junia 
Maria,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  Warner,  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.;  she  died  in  190(i,  leaving  one 
daughter:  Lillian  Hillyard,  wife  of  Joseph  Ballis- 
ter  Russell,  a  banker,  of  Boston.  Maj.  Tenney 
died  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  Mar.  31,  1916. 

COLLIER,  William,  actor,  was  born  in  New 
York,  Nov.  12,  l^iS,  son  of  Edmund  and  Hen- 
rietta (Engel)  Collier,  both  of  whom  were  profes- 
sional actors.  In  ls"!i.  before  he  was  twelve 
years  old,  he  ran  away  from  home  and  aranged 
an  engagement  for  himself  in  a  juvenile  extrava- 
ganza company  playing  "Pinafore."  He  received 
$3.50  per  week  for  walking  on  and  an  extra  $1.50 
for  handling  baggage,  with  the  privilege  of  un- 
derstudying Arthur  Dunn  in  the  role  of  Dick 
Deadeye.  Before  the  season  's  close,  young  Collier 
had  publicly  performed  nearly  every  part  in  "Pin- 
afore," including  Josephine  and  Little  p.mtemip. 
He  went  back  to  school  for  nearly  four  years  and 
then  became  a  member  of  the  best  of  professional 
training  schools,  the  Augustin  Daly  company, 
with  which  he  worked  his  way  step  by  step  from 
call  boy  to  utility,  and  on  occasion  fitted  into 
some  more  important  role  in  both  modern  comedy 
and  Shakespearian.  Mr.  Collier  made  his  first  ap- 
pearance at  the  Gaiety  Theatre,  London,  with  tins 
company,  May  29,  1888,  as  the  page  in  "The 
Taming  of  the  Shrew."  On  the  return  of  the 
company  to  America  he  played  for  several  seasons 
with  David  Henderson  in  "A  Back  Number."  As 
the  character  of  a  dude  in  "Samson  and  Delilah," 


.",80 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


with  no  lines  to  speak,  young  Collier  infused  so 
much   originality   that    he   was    forthwith   engaged 
by  John  Russell,  manager  of  "The  City  Directory" 
company,  for  the  parts  of  elevator  boy  and  stage 
manager.     When  the   play  opened  the  latter  had 
only  about  half  a  dozen  "lines,  but  by  the  use  of 
his' gift  for  comic  patter   he   developed  the  char- 
acter until  it  became  the  principal  character  in  the 
piece.     His  other  gift,  the  capacity  for  hard  work, 
is  also  in  evidence  in  the  fact  that  though  unable 
to  dance  a  step,  and  finding  dancing  necesary  for 
a  part,  he  went  into  it  with  such  energy  that  he 
soon  became  one  of  the  most  accomplished  dancers 
on  the  legitimate  stage.     Joining  the  Hoyt  Com- 
pany,   later,   he   was   seen   for   some   years  in   ec- 
centric  comedy   parts   in  their   extremely  popular 
Carves.     It  was  not  until  1901  that  William  Collier 
became  a  star.     Such  was  his  reputation,  however, 
he  was  cast  for  Bob  Acres  in  the  all-star  revival 
of  "The   Rivals"  at   the   Herald   Square   Theatre, 
New  York,  on  May  28,   1896.     His  work  in  such 
plays   as  "The   Man   from   Mexico"    (Hoyt's   The- 
atre.   New    York,    April    19,    1897),    and    as    Mr. 
Smooth  in  the  farcical  comedy  of  that  name,  writ- 
ten by   himself   (Manhattan   Theatre,   New   York, 
Sept.'-.   1899),   led   to   his   appearance  as  Robert 
Ridgway  as  a  star  in  the  Augustus  Thomas  play, 
"On    the    Quiet,"    which    he    first    performed    at 
Hoyfs   Theatre   Feb.    11,   1901,   and,   in   1905,   in 
London.     On  this  London  visit  he  also  appeared 
as  Dick  Travers  in  "The   Dictator"   to   most  ap- 
preciative   audiences.      Meanwhile   he   had   played 
for  two  seasons  at  Weber  &  Field's  Music  Hall  in 
New   York  and   then   followed   a  starring   engage- 
ment which  was  not  a  success.     In  1906  Mr.  Col- 
lier    took     his     company     to     Australia,     passing 
through   San   Francisco   at   the   time   of   the   great 
earthquake   and   fire.     On   his  return   he   appeared 
at  Atlantic   City,   X.  .1..   as  Dick   Crawford   in   his 
own  comedy,   ••('aught   in  the  Rain,"  with  which 
he   finished'  the   season   and    later   went    on    tour. 
Thereafter  he  produced  "The  Patriot"    (1908),  in 
which   he   played   Sir   Augustus  Plantaganet,  and 
revived  a   number  of   his   old   sun-esses.      He  ap- 
peared  in   "Never   Say   Die"   in   1913,   as   Lester 
Ford  in  "Who's  Who'"  in  1914,  and  in  the  lead- 
ing  role    in   "Nothing   But   the    Truth"    in    1016. 
Mr.  Collier  is  the  author  of  ' '  Mr.  Smooth. "  "  Miss 
Philadelphia,"  "Caught  in  the  Rain"  and  "The 
Patriot."     He  is  also  the  part-author  (during  re- 
hearsals,  it  is   said,   and   mainly   by   way   of   im- 
promptus)  of  "I'll  Be  Hanged  if  I  Do,"  "Take 
My  Advice"  and  "Never  Say  Die."     He  was  twice 
married,    (1),    to   Louise   Allen,    an    actress,   who 
appeared   with    him    in   many    of    his   plays.      She 
died  in  1909,  and  he  was  married    (2),  to  Paula 
Marr. 

LYON,  A[mos]  Maynard,  poet  and  financier, 
was  born  at  Brandon.  Vt.,  Aug.  29,  1818,  son  of 
Esbon  Evans  and  Sally  (Knight)  Lyon,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  William  "Lyon,  who  sailed  for  New 
England  on  the  ship  Hopewell  in  1635,  and  settled 
at  Roxbury,  Mass.  After  an  academic  education, 
he  became"  a  clerk  in  a  store  in  his  native  town. 
He  went  to  New  York  in  1841  and  clerked  in  a 
dry-goods  store  and  then  engaged  in  a  general  mer- 
cantile business  in  Brandon.  Returning  thence  to 
New  Yrork  he  spent  some  time  in  purchasing  mer- 
chandise for  a  brother,  Walter  Lyon,  located  in 
Marshall,  Mich.,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of 
John  R.  Pitkin,  a  real  estate  broker.  Recognizing 
in  Mr.  Lyon  a  character  of  much  promise,  Mr.  Pit- 
kin  took  considerable  interest  in  his  welfare,  and 
gave  him  many  opportunities  for  growth.  Among 
the  real  estate  transactions  conducted  by  him  was 


the  purchase  of  the  block  bounded  by  Third  and 
Fourth  avenues,  Astor  Place  and  Ninth  street  in 
behalf  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  for  $100,000, 
where  the  famous  Bible  House  was  erected.  For 
his  services  in  this  matter  Mr.  Lyon  received  $550, 
and  used  $150  of  it  to  pay  for  a  life  directorship 
in  the  society.  Mr.  Lyon  retired  from  real  estate 
operating  in"  1867.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  he 
was  a  big  operator  in  Wall  street,  and  for  over 
forty  years  the  associate  and  friend  of  Russell 
Sage,  "Henry  Clews,  A.  T.  Stewart,  Auson  G. 
Phelps,  Fred  S.  Winston,  and  others,  though  al- 
ways known  as  the  silent  power  in  the  financial 
world's  great  activities.  Always  a  liberal  expo- 
nent of  philanthropy,  he  labored  unostentatiously 
for  the  poor  of  the  'city  and  the  general  uplift  of 
humanity.  During  1S51-6S,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Association  for  the  Improvement  of  the  Con- 
dition of  the  Poor,  and  for  about  eighteen  years 
was  manager  of  that  organization 's  work  in  the 
22d  ward,  as  well  as  general  city  manager.  Suc- 
ceeding Robert  Ray  in  1865  as  president  of  the 
Northwestern  Free  Dispensary,  he  administered 
that  office  for  seven  years,  when  he  made  an  ex- 
tended tour  of  the  world,  and  on  his  return  again 
assumed  the  presidency  of  the  dispensary,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death.  In  1882-83  he  was 
president  of  the  Jacksonville,  St.  Augustine  &  Hali- 
fax River  railroad,  anil  in  the  latter  year  he  in- 
stalled the  first  steamer  for  passenger  traffic  across 
the  St.  John's  river  at  Jacksonville.  During  Mr. 
Lyon  's  residence  in  Florida  in  1870  he  was  offered 
tlie  United  States  senatorship  but  declined.  In 
his  last  years  Mr.  Lyon  developed  considerable 
ability  as  a  poet.  A  hymn,  "Celestial  Morn", 
•written  in  the  unusual  meter  of  sevens  and  fives, 
an  "Offertory  Anthem"  and  the  poem  "Wilder- 
ness Waves",  are  productions  of  his  pen  showing 
intuition,  imagination  and  poetic  feeling  of  a  high 
order.  He  wrote  a  national  anthem  called,  "Vic- 
tory ' ',  in  his  ninety-seventh  year.  A  collection  of 
his"  best  poems  was  published  by  his  daughter  in 
1917.  Mr.  Lyon  was  treasurer  and  officer  of  the 
Forty-second  'street  Presbyterian  church.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  America, 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  Author's  Club  of 
London,  and  the  Poetry  Society  of  America.  His 
i nt ne  life  was  an  exemplification  of  honesty, 
truthfulness,  fidelity  and  consecration  to  duty.  He 
was  twice  married:  (1)  in  June,  1875,  to  Cathe- 
rine, daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  Henschel,  of  

and  had  two  daughters:  Lucerna,  wife  of  William 
S.  McLaughliu  and  Cora,  wife  of  Franklin  Can- 
nin«;  (2)  Sept.  29,  1SS5,  to  Nellie  Moran  of  New 
York.  He  died  in  New  York  Oct.  14,  1916. 

BARTON,  William  Eleazar,  clergyman  and 
author  was  born  at  Sublette,  111.,  June  28,  1861, 
son  of  Jacob  B.  and  Helen  (Methven)  Barton, 
grandson  of  Eleazer  and  Rachel  B.  (Read)  Barton 
and  great-grandson  of  Lieut  William  Barton,  a 
native  of  England,  and  a  soldier  in  the  Jersey 
Line  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  whose  wife  was 
Margaret  Henderson.  He  was  graduated  at 
Berea  College,  Ky.,  in  1885,  where  during  vaca- 
tions he  taught  school  in  the  Kentucky  mountains. 
After  his  ordination  in  the  Congregational  minis- 
try in  1885,  he  preached  among  the  hills  of  East 
Tennessee,  serving  as  pastor  at  Robbins,  Tenn..  in 
1885-87.  During  1887-90  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Conereo-ational  church  at  Litchfield,  O.  In  1890 
he  was  graduated  B.D.  at  Oberlin  Theological 
Seminary,  and  took  the  pastorate  of  the  Welling- 
ton (0  )  Congregational  church;  was  pastor  of 
the  Shawmut  Congregational  Church,  Boston,  dur- 
ing 1893-99,  and  since  then  of  the  First  Congre- 


^  ^» 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


381 


gatiotial  church.  Dak  Park,  Chicago.  111.  He  fre- 
quently lectured  in  the  "Old  South"  historical 
courses,  and  after  a  tour  of  the  Orient  in  \*\>- 
gave  addresses  on  Oriental  life  and  Biblical  an- 
tiquities. He  is  an  associate  editor  of  "  Bibli- 
otheca  Sacra,"  was  editor  of  the  pastor  's  depart- 
nn'iit  of  the  "Advance,"  1904-12,  ami  has  been 
editor-in-chief  of  that  periodical  since  1913.  Dur- 
ing 1905-09  he  was  lecturer  ou  applied  practical 
theology  nt  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  and 
since  1911  lias  been  lecturer  on  ecclesiastical  law 
nt  the  same  institution.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
editorial  staff  of  "Youth's  Companion."  Dr.  liar- 
ton  is  a  corporate  inembrr  of  the  American  Board 
of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  was  vice 
president  of  the  Congregational  Sunday  School 
and  Publication  Society,  and  of  the  American 
Pence  Society;  was  director  of  the  Congregational 
Educational  Society  of  Illinois,  the  Home  Mission- 
ary Society  of  Illinois  (president  of  the  latter  in 
19iM>)  and  of  the  Chi. -ago  Theological  Seminary; 
has  been  n  trustee  of  Berea  College  since  lv'."i  and 
vice-president  of  the  American  Missionary  Asso 
ciation  since  19i:i.  He  has  often  been  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Congregational  Council,  and  was 
delegate  to  the  International  Decennial  Council  Of 
1899  and  1908  and  to  the  Tri  church  Union  in 
l'.Hii;-u7.  He  is  now  (1920)  first  assistant  mod- 
erator of  the  National  Council.  Dr.  Barton's  nu- 
merous publications  include:  "The  Wind-TTp  of 
the  Big  Meetin'  on  No  Business"  (1887);  "Life 
in  the  Hills  of  Kentucky"  (.1899);  "The  Early 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  Western  Reserve" 
ilsiio);  "History  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  of  Wellington,  0."  (1891);  "A  Hero  in 
Homespun"  (1*97);  "Sim  Galloway's  Daughter- 
in-Law"  (1897);  "The  Truth  About  the  Trouble 
at  Eoundstone"  (1897);  "The  Story  of  a  Pump- 
kin Pie"  (1X98)  ;  "The  Psalms  and  Their  Story" 
(1S9S);  "Old  Plantation  Hymns"  (1S99); 
"When  Boston  P. raved  the  King"  (1899);  "The 
Improvement  of  Perfection"  (1900);  "The  Prai- 
rie Schooner"  (1900);  "Pine  Knot"  (1900): 
"Lieut.  William  Barton  and  His  Descendants" 
(1900);  "What  Has  Brought  Us  Out  of  Egv|,t" 
(1900);  "Faith  as  Related  to  Health"  (1901); 
"I  Go  A-Fishing"  (  l'."H  i  :  "The  First  Church  of 
Oak  Park"  (1901);  "The  Continuous  Creation" 
(1902)  ;  "The  Fine  Art  of  Forgetting"  (1902)  ;"An 
Elementary  Catechism"  (1902);  "The  Old  World 
iu  the  New  Century"  (1902)  ;  "The  Gospel  of  the 
Autumn  Leaf"  (1903);  "Jesus  of  Nazareth:  His 
Life  and  the  Scenes  of  His  Ministry"  (1904); 
"Four  Weeks  of  Family  Worship,"  with  Sydney 
Strong  and  Theo.  G.  Soares  (190(1);  "His  Last 
Week";  "His  Life;  His  Friends;  His  Great 
Apostle"  (1906-07);  "The  Week  of  Our  Lord's 
Passion"  (1907);  "The  Samaritan  Pentateuch" 
(1906);  "The  Hi-tory  and  l.'eligion  of  the  Samar- 
itans" (IflOfi)  ;  "The  Sweetest  Story  Ever  Told" 
(1907);  "The  Messianic  Hope  of  the  Samaritan0" 
(1907);  "Life  of  Joseph  E.  Roy"  (1908); 
"Acorns  From  an  Oak  Park  Pulpit"  (1910); 
"Pocket  Congregational  Manual"  (1910);  "Rules 
of  Order  for  Ecclesiastical  Assemblies"  (1910); 
"Bible  Classics"  (1911)  "Into  All  the  World" 
(1911),  and  "Day  by  Day  with  Jesus"  (191:1). 
and  also  a  chapter  on  "The  Opening  of  the  Great 
West"  in  "Stepping  Stones  of  American  His- 
tory." He  edite.l  "The  Young  Folks'  Bible  Li- 
bra'ry,"  8  vols.  (1911);  "The  Law  of  Congrega- 
tional Usage"  (1915),  and  has  been  a  regular  con- 
tributor to  the  annual  volume  of  "Monday  Club 
Sermons"  since  1900.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Club,  of  Boston  (president  1897); 


Congregational  Club,  of  Chicago  (president  1907)  ; 
the  Chicago.  University,  City.  Westward  Ho  Golf, 
Apollos,  and  Oak  Park  clubs,  of  Chicago;  the 
Sous  of  the  American  Revolution,  the  Chicago  So- 
ciety of  Biblical  Research  and  the  Society  of  Mid- 
land Authors.  The  degree  of  D.D.  wa-  gi\en  him 
by  Berea  College  in  1895  and  that  of  LL.D.  by 
Kiiox  College  in  1913.  He  was  married  July  23, 
I.vs5,  to  Esther  Treat,  daughter  of  Lewis  Bush- 
nell,  of  Johnsonville,  0.,  and  their  children  are: 
P.ruce,  Charles  W.,  Fred  B.,  Robert  S.  Barton,  and 
Helen,  wife  of  Clyde  S.  Stillwell,  of  ( 'hicago. 

GOSS,  Charles  Carpenter,  financier,  was  born 
in  Uossville,  N.  H.,  Feb.  9.  1^7],  son  of  John 
Abbott  and  Electa  Ann  (Carpenter)  Goss,  and  a 
descendant  of  Nathnu  Goss  who  served  in  the 
revolutionary  war  and  who  married  Deborah  Wig- 
gin,  the  line  being  traced  through  their  sou  Sam- 
uel, who  served  three  years  in  the  revolution  and 
who  married  Abigail  Lucas;  their  sou  Jonathan, 
who  married  Sally  Yeaton  :  and  their  son  William, 
who  married  Maryetta  Abott,  and  was  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Charles  Car- 
penter Cioss  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Pittsfield,  N.  H..  and  at 
Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  and  was  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1893  with  the  dregee  of 
B.S.  Subsequently  he  was  employed  with  the  Na- 
tional Shawmut  Hank  in  Boston,  Mass.,  but  owing 
to  his  father's  ill  health,  in  1895,  returned  to 
Pittslield,  where  he  assumed  his  natural  place  as 
active  head  of  the  Pittslield  National  Bank  (of 
which  his  grandfather  was  president  and  his 
father  cashier),  and  of  the  Pittsfield  Savings 
Bank,  which  was  founded  by  his  father  and  of 
which  he  was  treasurer  to  the  close  of  his  life. 
For  six  years  he  was  town  treasurer  of  Pittsfield. 
and  he  was  rei  ogui/ed  as  one  of  the  leading  fmves 
iu  the  business,  political  and  social  life  of  the 
town.  In  1900  he  organized  the  Merchant^'  Na 
tional  Bank  of  Dover,  w-ith  his  grandfather, 
Charles  H.  Carpenter,  as  president,  his  father  as 
^  ice-president  and  himself-  as  cashier.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  completed  the  organization  of  the 
Merchants'  Savings  Bank  of  Dover  of  which  he 
liecame  treasurer.  Both  these  banks  stand  today 
among  the  most  solid  and  influential  in  New 
Hampshire.  Besides  his  banking  interests  in 
Dover,  Col.  Goss  was  president  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Pittsfield  and  the  Merchants'  National 
Hank;  president  of  the  Lothrop  &  Farnhnm  Co., 
the  leading  mercantile  establishment  of  Dover; 
and  a  director  of  the  Pittsfield  Aqueduct  Co.,  the 
Pittsfield  Gas  Co.  and  of  the  New  Boston  Rail- 
road Co.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Dover 
Board  of  Trade  and  was  prominently  interested 
in  the  construction  of  east  and  west  -tate  high- 
wavs  across  New  Hampshire.  He  was  treasurer 
of  Strafford  county  during  1906-12,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1914  ami  held  the  office  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  Col.  Goss  was  a  man  of  exceptional 
ability  and  foresight,  and  possessed  marked  traits 
of  character  which  won  for  him  the  esteem  of  all 
those  with  whom  he  was  brought  into  contact.  He 
was  a  master  Mason  of  Moses  Paul  Lodge  No. 
9(i,  and  a  member  of  Olive  Branch  Lodge, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  American  Bankers'  Associa- 
tion and  an  officer  in  the  Northern  Bankers'  As- 
sociation, member  of  the  New  Hampshire  His- 
torical Society,  the  Bellamy  Club  of  Dover  and 
the  Derryfield  Club  of  Manchester.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  211,  1895,  to  Winifred,  daughter  of 
Charles  H.  Lane  (q.v.)  of  Pittsfield,  N.  H.,  and 
is  survived  by  one  son.  Charles  L.  C.  Goss.  Mrs. 
Goss  is  honorary  regent  of  the  Daughters  of  the 


382  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

American  Revolution  and  is  a  member  of  the  New  until  1860;  made  sergeant  in  1862,  and  became 
Hampshire  Society  of  Colonial  Dames.  Col.  Goss  orderly  sergeant  in  charge  of  the  marine 
died  at  Dover,  N/H.,  May  3,  1915.  guard  on  the  U.  S.  S.  Galena  in  1863.  In 

ROBERTS.  Percival,  Jr.,  engineer,  was  born  the  same  year  he  was  promoted  to  master's 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  15,  1857,  son  of  Percival  mate  in  the  U.  S.  navy,  and  became  ensign  in 
and  Eleanor  (Williamson)  Roberts.  His  first  1864,  resigning  from  the  naval  service  at  the 
American  ancestor  was  John  Roberts,  a  native  of  close  of  the  Civil  War.  His  first  vessel  was 
\VaJes,  who  came  over  to  the  American  colonies  in  the  Saranac,  then  in  Pacific  waters.  Later  he 
1683  and  settled  at  Lower  Merion  Township,  was  successively  on  the  Powhattan  of  the  north 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  John  Roberts'  wife  was  Atlantic  squadron,  under  Adi.  Porter,  and  the 
Gainor,  daughter  of  Robert  ap  Hugh,  and  the  line  Galena  when  that  vessel  was  flagship  of  the 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Robert,  who  squadron  attacking  Fort  Darling,  and  while  on 
married  Sidney  Reese  Evan;  their  son  John,  who  this  ship  he  participated  in  a  number  of  minor 
married  Rebecca  Jones;  their  son  Algernon,  who  engagements.  Afterwards  he  was  instruction 
married  Tacy  Warner;  their  son  Algernon  Sidney,  officer  on  the  U.  S.  S.  North  Carolina  and 
who  married  Elizabeth  Cuthbert,  and  their  son,  Vermont  in  New  York  harbor.  After  the  war 
Percival  Roberts,  the  father  of  our  subject.  After  he  entered  the  service  of  the  mercantile  agency 
being  graduated  at  Haverford  College  in  1876,  he  of  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  and  for  some  years  acted 
took  a  post-graduate  course  in  metallurgy  at  the  as  their  manager  at  Richmond,  Va.  From  1871 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  formed  a  partner-  until  his  retirement  from  active  business  cares, 
ship  with  his  brother,  Arthur  Roberts,  in  the  iron  in  1813,  he  was  manager  of  the  Dun  agency  in 
business  under  the  name  of  A.  &  P.  Roberts  Co.  Cincinnati,  residing  during  the  latter  period  at 
They  conducted  the  Pencoyd  Iron  Works  at  Pen-  Mt.  Auburn,  Cincinnati,  and  at  Newport,  Ky. 
coyd,  near  Philadelphia,  of  which  Mr.  Percival  While  in  Cincinnati  he  was  a  dominant  factor  in 
Roberts  was  subsequently  president.  The  Pencoyd  all  public  affairs,  a  director  in  the  board  of 
Iron  Works  made  a  specialty  of  bridge  construction,  trade  and  a  member  of  the  chamber  of  com- 
which  became  one  of  the  most  prominent  industries  merce.  He  also  held  membership  in  the  Queen 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  In  1900  it  was  City  and  the  Business  Men's  Clubs,  Cincinnati, 
taken  over  by  the  American  Bridge  Co.,  of  which  and  was  a  companion  of  the  Military  Order  of 
Percival  Roberts  was  president :  Charles  Macdonald,  the  Loyal  Legion.  In  1884  he  was  a  Kentucky 
Frank  Conger,  William  H.  McCord,  Charles  M.  delegate  to  the  national  Republican  convention, 
Jarvis,  Charles  C.  Schneider  and  James  Christie,  Chicago.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  Church 
vice-presidents;  James  P.  Kennedy,  general  man-  of  England.  He  was  a  man  who  placed  true 
ager;  William  H.  Connell,  treasurer,  and  Douglas  valuations  upon  men  and  things,  was  buoyant 
0.  Morgan,  secretary.  The  following  other  organ-  and  optimistic,  and  his  urbanity,  integrity  and 
izations  composed  the  American  Bridge  Co.:  kindliness  never  wavered.  He  was  twice  mar- 
American  Bridge  Works,  Chicago,  111. ;  Berlin  Iron  ried:  (1)  May  23,  1S63,  to  Sarah  Caroline, 
Bridge  Co.,  East  Berlin,  Conn.;  Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  daughter  of  Hiram  Leeds  of  Philadelphia;  she 
Bridge  and  Iron  Works;  Keystone  Plant  of  the  died  in  1877.  He  was  married  (2)  in  Ciucin- 
Carnegie  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Edge  Moor  nati,  O.,  July  25,  1878,  to  Lizzie  Evans,  daugh- 
Bridge  \Vorks,  Wilmington,  Del.;  Elmira  (N.  Y.)  ter  of  Jeremiah  Sullivan.  She  survives  him 
Bridge  Co.;  Gillette-Herzog  Manufacturing  Co.,  with  two  children  by  the  first  union:  Anne  Cor- 
Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Groton  (N.  Y.)  Bridge  and  vile,  wife  of  Alfred  Floyd  McCormick,  and  Car- 
Manufacturing  Co.;  Hilton  Bridge  Construction  rie  Irene,  wife  of  Harry  Walter  Bremer;  and 
Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  Horseheads  (N.  Y.)  Bridge  three  children  by  the  second  union:  Ruth,  wife 
Co.;  Lafayette  (Ind.)  Bridge  Co.;  Lassig  Bridge  of  Charles  Fdgar  Stewart,  Jr.;  Blanche,  wife  of 
and  Iron  Works,  Chicago,  111.;  New  Jersey  Steel  Edward  Casey  Phelps,  and  Joseph  Alexander 
and  Iron  Co.,  Trenton,  N.  J. ;  New  Columbus  Scarlett.  Mr.  Scarlett  died  at  his  home  in 
Bridge  Co..  Columbus,  O.;  Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Bridge  De  Land,  Fla.,  June  1,  1914. 
Co.;  Post  &  McCord,  New  York  City;  Rochester  DUKE,  James  Buchanan,  manufacturer,  was 
(N.  Y.)  Bridge  and  Iron  Works;  Schultz  Bridge  born  near  Durham,  N.  C.,  Dec.  23,  1856,  son  of 
and  Iron  Works,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Shiffler  Bridge  Washington  and  Artelia  (Roney)  Duke.  With  his 
Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Union  Bridge  Co.,  Athens,  brothers,  Brodie  and  Benjamin  Duke,  he  assisted 
Pa.;  J.  G.  Wagner  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  Wrought  his  father  in  the  raising  and  marketing  of  the 
Iron  Bridge  Co.,  Canton,  O.,  and  Youngstown  tobacco  crops.  Together  they  planted  and  gathered 
(O.)  Bridge  Co.  Mr.  Roberts  resigned  the  presi-  the  tobacco,  dried  the  leaves  over  rude  fires,  and 
dency  in  1901  upon  the  American  Bridge  Co.  be-  flailed  them  on  the  barn  floor.  After  the  family 
coming  a  subsidiary  company  of  the  United  States  moved  to  Durham,  N.  O.,  James,  though  still  under 
Steel  Corporation.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  director  and  age,  acquired  an  interest  in  the  new  firm,  and  acted 
a  member  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  United  as  "outside  man,"  traveling  throughout  the  coun- 
States  Steel  Corporation,  and  is  also  a  director  of  try  with  untiring  energy  to  dispose  of  the  products, 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  the  Pennsylvania  Even  after  wealth  and  fame  had  come  to  him,  he 
Tunnel  &•  Terminal  Railroad  Co.,  and  the  Con-  spent  most  of  his  time  on  the  road,  working  harder 
tinuous  Metal  Refining  Co.  He  is  a  member  of  than  any  drummer  in  his  employ.  During  the  sev- 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  and  the  enties,  the  Dukes  made  only  smoking  tobacco,  but 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers.  Mr.  in  1S81  they  entered  the  field  of  paper-covered 
Roberts  was  married  Nov.  11,  1885,  to  Bessye  Wol-  cigarettes.  Few  people  smoked  cigarettes  at  that 
cott,  daughter  of  Theodore  Frothingham  of  Bos-  time.  In  1867  Bedrossian  Bros.,  in  New  York,  be- 
ton,  Mass.  gan  to  make  them  out  of  native  American  tobacco, 

SCARLETT,  Joseph  Alexander,  naval  officer  but  their  output  was  small  and  their  business  lan- 
and  mercantile  agent,  was  born  in  County  Ty-  guished,  one  objection  being  that  the  early  ciga- 
rone,  Ireland,  Mar.  19,  1841,  son  of  George  and  rettes  were  packed  in  loose  packages  which  pre- 
Ann  (Eurell)  Scarlett.  In  1857  he  became  a  vented  their  being  carried  without  breaking.  When 
private  in  the  U.  S.  marine  corps;  was  ap-  some  inventor  thought  of  packing  them  in  paste- 
pointed  corporal  in  1858;  was  acting  sergeant  board  boxes,  Mr.  Duke  was  quick  to  grasp  its  sig- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


nificance.  He  ordered  50,000  boxes,  and  within  a 
year  increased  sales  compelled  him  to  purchase  the 
boxes  in  lots  of  a  million.  Then  he  installed  a 
newly  invented  machine  for  rolling  cigarettes.  An 
expert  operative  could  roll  by  hand  2,500  in  a  day, 
while  this  machine  could  make  120,000  in  the  same 
time.  The  growth  of  the  firm's  business  was  re- 
markable. In  1*82  it  was  valued  at  $90,800,  and 
in  1809,  at  $600,000.  During  this  period  there 
were  five  large  firms  in  the  United  States  making 
cigarettes:  W.  Duke  Sons  Co.,  of  Durham;  the 
Kinney  Tobacco  Co.,  of  New  York;  Allen  &  Ginter, 
of  Richmond,  Va.;  W.  S.  Kimball  &  Co.,  of  Roch- 
ester; and  Goodwin  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  Among 
these  the  rivalry  was  bitter,  continuous,  and  none 
too  scrupulous.  Chiefly,  this  competition  expressed 
itself  in  extravagant  and  expensive  advertising  and 
price-cutting,  whose  tremendous  cost  appalled  the 
five  firms  engaged  in  it.  For  instance,  the  Dukes, 
in  1884,  bought  380,000  chairs,  painted  on  the  back 
of  each  an  advertisement  of  Duke's  Cameo  Ciga- 
rettes, and  placed  the  chairs  in  every  cigar  store 
in  the  country.  Allen  i;  Ginter,  in  the  course  of 
one  night,  flooded  London  with  painted  admoni- 
tions to  "Smoke  Richmond  Gem."  By  far  the  most 
exhausting  expense  of  each  firm  was  its  advertising. 
In  1889  the  Duke  firm  spent  $800,000  for  this  item 
and  contented  themselves  with  net  profits  of  less 
than  half  the  sum.  This  keen  competition  started 
the  custom  of  including  a  premium  in  every  pack- 
age of  cigarettes,  which  prevails  to  this  day.  Fi- 
nally in  1889  the  above  five  firms  decided  to  com- 
bine forces,  and  in  January,  1890,  they  formed  the 
American  Tobacco  Co.,  with  home  offices  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.  A  few  days  afterward,  however,  a  bill 
to  repeal  the  charter  was  passed  by  the  state  legis- 
latur  •.  The  promoters  then  secured  a  charter 
from  New  Jersey.  Their  capital  stock  was  $25,- 
000.000,  distributed  as  follows:  W.  Duke  &  Sons, 
$7,500,000;  Allen  &  Ginter,  $7,500,000;  The  Kin- 
ney Tobacco  Co.,  $5,000,000;  Wm.  S.  Kimball  & 
Co.,  $2,500,000;  and  Goodwin  &  Co.,  $2,500,000. 
This  combination  gave  them  control  of  90  per  cent, 
of  all  the  trade  in  their  line,  and  for  years  they 
held  a  substantial  monopoly  of  the  cigarette,  plug 
and  smoking  tobacco  business,  besides  a  small  share 
of  the  cigar  output.  Mr.  James  B.  Duke  was 
president  of  the  American  Tobacco  Co.,  or  the 
tobacco  trust  as  it  was  called,  from  its  organization 
until  1912,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Pereival  A. 
Hill.  The  capitalization  of  the  company  when  he 
withdrew  was  $316,000,000.  It  owned  plantations 
in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  besides  a  variety  of  in- 
dustries for  making  the  machinery,  materials  and 
supplies  incidental  to  its  business,  including  a  com- 
plete monopoly  of  licorice.  Mr.  Duke  is  president 
of  the  Continental  Tobacco  Co.,  incorporated  in 
1898,  and  Consolidated  Tobacco  Co.,  incorporated 
in  1901 ;  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
British-American  Tobacco  Co.,  Ltd.,  American 
Snuff  Co.,  Harry  Weissinger  Tobacco  Co.,  Havana- 
American  Co.,  Havana  Commercial  Co.,  Havana  To- 
bacco, Imperial  Tobacco  Co.  of  London,  Interna- 
tional Cigar  Machinery  Co.,  Morton  Trust  Co., 
National  Bank  of  Commerce,  Union  Bleaching  & 
Finishing  Co.,  Virginia-Carolina  Chemical  Co.,  and 
a  trustee  of  the  American  Surety  Co.  Mr.  Duke 
was  twice  married:  first,  Nov.  29,  1904,  to  Mrs. 
Lillian  McCredy,  of  Camden,  N.  J.,  and  second, 
July  23,  1907,  to  Mrs.  Adeline  Lee  (Holt)  Inman, 
cf  Atlanta,  Ga. 

FINK,  Colin  Garfleld,  chemist,  was  born  in 
Holmken,  N.  J.,  Dec.  31,  1SS1,  son  of  Frederick 
Willinrn  and  Minnie  (Spengeman)  Fink.  His 
father,  a  native  of  llessen,  Nassau,  Germany, 


came  to  this  country  in  1868,  and  was  the  founder 
of  the  wholesale  drug  firm  of  Lehn  &  Fink,  New 
York,  and  also  of  Elka  Park,  New  York.  Colin 
G.  Fink  received  his  preparatory  education  at 
private  schools  in  New  York  city,  and  was  gradu- 
ated A.B.  at  Columbia  College,  with  honors  in 
chemistry,  physics  and  mathematics,  in  1903.  He 
then  entered  the  Ostwald  Laboratory  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Leipzig,  where  he  was  graduated  with 
the  degrees  of  M.A.  and  Ph.D.,  summa  cum  laude, 
in  1907,  his  thesis  being,  "Kinetics  of  Contact 
Sulphuric  Acid."  In  1905,  while  at  the  Ostwald 
Laboratory,  he  discovered  a  new  physical  law  in 
gas  kinetics.  The  summer  months  of  that  year 
he  spent  at  the  Research  Bureau,  Zurich,  Switzer- 
land. During  1905-07  he  was  president  of  the 
American-British  Club,  Leipzig,  and  in  1906-07 
was  assistant  in  electrochemistry  at  the  Ostwald 
Laboratory.  Thereafter,  from  1907  to  1910,  he 
served  as  research  engineer  at  the  General  Electric 
Co.,  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  originated  duc- 
tile tungsten,  metallurgical  electric  furnace  proces- 
ses for  rebellious  ores,  and  a  substitute  for  platinum 
now  used  in  all  incandescent  lamps  throughout  the 
world.  He  also  originated  alloys  for  special  pur- 
poses, the  molybdenum-tungsten  thermocouple,  etc., 
conducted  researches  in  the  metallurgy  of  copper, 
and  took  out  a  number  of  patents  in  the  United 
States.  In  1910  he  entered  the  research  laboratory 
of  the  Edison  Lamp  Works,  at  Harrison,  N.  J., 
where  he  continued  until  Sept.,  1917.  During  the 
summer  months  of  1910  he  visited  the  chemical  and 
electrical  plants  at  Berlin,  Vienna,  Budapest,  El- 
berfield,  and  other  European  cities.  His  publica- 
tions include:  "Kinetics  of  Contact  Sulphuric 
Acid";  "IHictile  Tungsten  and  Molybdenum"; 
"Vacuum  Furnace  Metallurgy";  and  "Applica- 
tion of  Ductile  Tungsten."  From  1907  until  the 
present  time  (1918)  he  has  been  assistant  editor 
of  "Chemical  Abstracts,"  having  charge  of  the 
section  on  electrochemistry;  since  1913  he  has  been 
assistant  editor  of  "Mineral  Industry,"  having 
charge  of  the  section  tungsten,  and  that  same  year 
was  American  correspondent  of  the  "Bunsen  Ge- 
sellschaf t. ' '  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science;  member 
of  the  American  Chemical  Society  ( member  of 
council,  1912-16)  ;  American  Electro-chemical  So- 
ciety (member  of  board  of  managers,  1913-17, 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  since  1914, 
chairman  of  the  New  York  section,  1915-17,  presi- 
dent, 1917-18)  ;  National  Research  Council,  ami 
member  of  the  Chemists'  Club  and  Bunsen  Society. 
In  Sept.,  1917,  he  became  director  and  manager  of 
the  Chile  Exploration  Company  Laboratories  in 
New  York  city.  His  dominant  personal  char- 
acteristics are  perseverance  and  endurance.  His 
favorite  pursuits  are  experimenting,  scientific  read- 
ing, and  lecturing  on  electrochemical  subjects;  his 
specialty  is  electrochemistry  and  electrometallurgy. 
He  was  married,  June  6,  1910,  to  Lottie  K., 
daughter  of  Ernest  Muller,  of  New  York;  and  has 
two  children:  Frederick  William  and  Harold  Ken: 
neth  Fink. 

McKELWAY,  St.  Clair,  editor,  was  born  at 
Columbia,  Mo.,  Mar.  15,  1845,  son  of  Alexander 
J.  and  Mary  A.  (Ryan)  McKelway,  and  grandson 
of  John  McKelway,  M.D.,  who  came  over  from 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1818,  settling  in  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  where  he  practiced  for  fifty  years.  He  was 
a  man  of  unusual  attainments,  and  his  home  was 
one  of  piety  and  culture.  He  took  an  especial  in- 
terest in  his  grandson,  young  St.  Clair  McKelway, 
and  while  the  boy's  choice,  even  at  a  very  early 
age,  was  journalism,  his  grandfather  urged  him  to 


384 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


study  law,  which  he  did  in  the  office  of  Messrs. 
Blatchford,  Seward.  Griswold  and  Decosta,  in  New 
York  city,  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866. 
St.  Clair  McKelway  did  not  go  through  college, 
for  at  that  point  in  his  life  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  called  his  father  to  the  field  as  a  surgeon 
in  the  federal  army.  The  boy,  however,  through 
private  tutors  and  other  means,  received  a 
thorough  education.  His  journalistic  career  be- 
gan when  he  contributed  to  the  columns  of  the 
"Brooklyn  Eagle."  In  1867  he  was  made  as- 
sistant editor  and  Washington  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  ' '  World, ' '  but  two  years  later  he 
renewed  his  connection  with  the  "Eagle,"  and  for 
the  next  eight  years  was  chiefly  employed  in  writ- 
ing editorials  for  that  journal.  He  became  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  Albany  "Argus"  in  1878,  and  was 
called  to  the  same  position  on  the  ' '  Brooklyn  Daily 
Eagle"  in  1885,  holding  the  latter  until  his  death. 
His  contributions  to  these  papers  made  him  known 
all  over  the  country  as  a  widely  influential,  versa- 
tile, vigorous  and  original  writer.  In  political  con- 
tests his  pen  was  an  important  factor,  especially 
in  the  campaigns  which  elected  Cleveland  both  as 
governor  of  New  York  and  as  president  of  the 
United  States.  In  Brooklyn  Dr.  McKelway  be- 
came noted  for  his  determined  opposition  to  the 
corrupt  political  bosses  of  the  city.  He  became 
regent  of  the  state  university  in  1883,  was  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  the  board  of  regents  during  1900-13, 
Acting-Chancellor  1905-12,  and  Chancellor  from 
1912  until  his  death.  By  principle  Dr.  McKelway 
was  a  Democrat,  but  on  most  national  and  local 
questions  he  was  an  Independent.  An  able  public 
speaker,  his  addresses  were  remarkable  for  their 
erudition  and  force — their  subtle  humor  and  their 
rich  abundance  of  original  and  pregnant  phrases. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned:  "The  Press  and 
The  Pulpit;"  "The  Modern  Movement  of  Reli- 
gious Thought;"  "Representative  Americans;" 
"Business  Principles  in  Government;"  "The 
Teaching  of  Political  History  in  Schools;"  "Need 
of  Reform  in  Expert  Testimony;"  "The  Lawyer 
and  the  Times;"  "The  Doctor  and  the  Times," 
and  "A  Plea  for  Old-Fashioned  Preaching."  He 
received  the  honorary  degrees  of  A.M.  from  Madi- 
son (now  Colgate)  University  in  1883;  LL.D.  from 
Syracuse  University  in  1890;  L.H.D.  from  Union 
College  in  1897;  D.C.L.  from  St.  Lawrence  Uni- 
versity in  1898,  and  LL.D.  from  Princeton  and 
from  the  University  of  Missouri  in  1904  and  from 
New  York  University  in  1913.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion ;  Na- 
tional Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters;  Albany  In- 
stitute; American  Academy  of  Science;  British 
Association  of  Science;  Long  Island  Historical 
Society  of  Medical  Jurisprudence;  member  and 
director  of  the  American  Social  Science  Associa- 
tion and  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  Brook- 
lyn, the  Metropolitan  Club  of  New  York,  and  sev- 
eral other  clubs.  He  was  married  Dec.  19,  1867, 
to  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Hutchison, 
of  Booneville,  Mo.  She  died  Feb.  28,  1884,  leav- 
ing two  sons,  both  deceased,  and  on  Jan.  25,  1888, 
he  was  married  to  A'irgiuia  Brooks,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Wesley  Thompson,  of  New  York  city.  In 
Dr.  McKelway  democracy  was  inbred.  Every  man 
and  woman,  every  boy  and  girl  on  the  "Eagle" 
had  come  to  think  of  him  as  a  friend.  For  each 
of  them  he  had  a  kindly  or  laughing  word.  In 
his  home  life  he  was  most  charming.  In  the  wider 
world,  clergymen  and  senators,  governors  and  pres- 
idents were  proud  to  call  him  friend.  In  the 
memory  of  all  who  knew  him,  his  personality  is 
engraved.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  July  16,  1915. 


GIBBS,  Norman,  lawyer,  was  born  at  Groton, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1828,  son  of  James  and 
Elmeua  (Mather)  Gibbs.  His  first  American  an- 
cestor,   Gibb,  came  to  New  England  in  colonial 

days  and  settled  in  Connecticut.  On  the  maternal 
sid'e  he  was  descended  from  Increase  Mather  (q.v.), 
the  celebrated  educator.  His  father  was  a  saddler 
and  harness  maker  in  Connecticut  and  New  York 
state;  and  at  the  age  of  nearly  fifty,  was  con- 
verted and  became  a  successful  Baptist  preacher. 
Norman  Gibbs  received  his  education  at  Groton 
Academy  and  at  the  Albany  (N.  Y.)  Law  School. 
He  first  engaged  in  a  mercantile  business  and  then 
taught  school  in  Tompkins  and  adjoining  counties. 
He  also  engaged  in  farming  and  dairying.  In  1S66 
he  settled  in  Mount  Vernon,  Mo.,  was  admitted  to 
the  Missouri  bar,  and  began  the  practice  of  law 
in  his  adopted  city,  meeting  with  immediate  suc- 
cess. During  1869-70  he  was  deputy  circuit  attor- 
ney. There  was  much  land  litigation  at  this  time 
on  account  of  the  civil  war,  and  he  won  the  repu- 
tation  of  being  the  best  title  lawyer  in  southwest 
Missouri.  He  practiced  in  all  the  courts  of  the 
state  and  in  the  U.  S.  courts,  and  his  arguments 
were  always  carefully  prepared  and  founded  upon 
the  letter  of  the  law  as  well  as  sound  reasoning. 
He  was  associated  with  Joab  Bennett  in  the  settle- 
ment, in  New  York  city,  of  the  estate  of  William 
Marsh  Rice,  of  Texas.  He  had  an  abhorrence  of 
criminal  law,  and  his  practice  was  accordingly  con- 
fined to  civil  and  corporation  work.  He  made 
large  real  estate  purchases  in  Lawrence  and  Barry 
counties,  and  conducted  an  extensive  dairy  and 
stock  farm.  He  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  Bank  of  Groton  (N.  Y.),  and  in  founding 
the  Farmers'  Bank,  Mount  Vernon,  Mo.  He 
was  instrumental  in  getting  for  his  adopted  city 
an  extension  of  the  Greenfield  &  Northern  Rail- 
road from  South  Greenfield,  and  he  donated  thirty 
acres  for  the  site  of  the  Missouri  Sanatorium  for 
Tuberculosis,  Mount  Vernon.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  in  days 
in  Missouri  when  it  took  a  stout  heart  to  stand  for 
the  principles  of  that  party  he  never  flinched.  In 
1^72  and  also  in  1876  he  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney,  declining  a  renomination  after  serving 
two  years.  In  1884  he  was  chosen  presidential  elec- 
tor from  the  15th  congressional  district.  He  was 
widely  known  as  a  political  orator,  and  participated 
in  many  stirring  campaigns.  Gov.  Folk  appointed 
him  a  regent  of  the  Missouri  State  Normal 
School,  at  Springfield.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  and  was  a  Knight  Templar.  His 
chief  personal  characteristics  were  his  simplicity 
of  character,  his  sincerity,  his  kindness  of  heart, 
and  his  thoughtfulness  for  his  fellow  men.  He 
was  married  at  King  's  Ferry,  N.  Y.,  July  3,  1872, 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  Hiram  Young,  a  soldier  of 
the  war  of  1812,  and  a  California  pioneer  of  1S49. 
He  died  at  Mount  Vernon,  Mo.,  Dec.  5,  1910. 

SIBERT,  William  Luther,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Gadsden,  Ala.,  Oct.  12,  1860,  son  of  William  J. 
and  Marietta  (Ward)  Sibert.  His  grandfather 
went  from  South  Carolina  to  Alabama  in  1819.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Alabama  State  University, 
1878-80,  and  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West 
Point,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1884.  He  was 
immediately  appointed  second  lieutenant,  corps  of 
engineers  and  served  with  a  battalion  at  the  school 
of  application  at  Willet's  Point,  N.  Y.,  being 
graduated  there  in  1*87.  On  Apr.  7,  1888,  he  was 
made  first  lieutenant  of  engineers  and  since  then 
he  was  promoted  to  be  captain  (1896),  to  major 
(1904),  to  lieutenant-colonel  (1909)  and  to  briga- 
dier-general (1915).  During  1887-92  he  was  en- 


384 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


study  law,  which  he  did  in  the  office  of  Messrs. 
Blatchford,  Seward,  Griswold  and  Deeosta,  in  New 
York  city,  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866. 
St.  Clair  McKelway  did  not  go  through  college, 
for  at  that  point  in  his  life  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  called  his  father  to  the  field  as  a  surgeon 
in  the  federal  army.  The  boy,  however,  through 
private  tutors  and  other  means,  received  a 
thorough  education.  His  journalistic  career  be- 
gan when  he  contn1  olumns  of  the 
"Brooklyn  Eagle.1'  as  de  as- 
sistant editor  .nugton  c"  t  of 
the  New 

renewed  )  ..1  for 

the  next  eight  writ- 

ing editorials  '  me  editor- 

in-chief  of  the  Albany  "Argus"  it>  !  was 

called  to  the  same  \«  ihe  "Brooklyn  Daily 

Eagle"  in  1885,  holding  the  latter  until 
His  contributions  to  these  papers  in-  iown 

all  over  the  country  as  a  widely  ii. 
tile,  vigorous  and  original  writer.  ' 
tests  his  pen  was  an  important  fn 
in  the  campaigns  which  eleeti  <1  both  as 

governor  of  New  York  and  as  president  of  the 
United  States.  In  Bro«  r  be- 

came noted  for  hi?  I'osition  to  the 

corrupt  politic;  >f  the   city.     He  became 

regent  of  the  s  rsity  in  ISs.",.  was  Vice- 

Chancellor  of  the  board  of  regents  during  19d" 
Actii 

1912  untii 
was  a  Democra 

'    .! 


ivemi 
giou? 

"Bii.  -'The 

Teaching  Need 

of  Reform  in 
and  the  Time? 

and  "A  Plea  for  Old-Fashioned  Preaching."     lie 
received  the  honorai 

son  (now  Colgate)  1  irom 

use  University  in  >>m  Union 

College  in  ence  Uni- 

versi' 

trom 

New  -inber 

of  the  Militai. 

tional  Institute  of  Arts  and   i 
stitute;    Ainer,-. 
Association    ol 

Soci  'dical    Jurisprudence-. 

director  of  the  American   Social  r- 
tion  and  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  Brook- 
lyn, the  Metropolitan  Club  of  New  York,  and  sev- 
eral other  clubs.     He  was  m;i 

to  Eleanor,  daughter  of  lison, 

of  Booneville,  Mo.     She 

ing  two  sons,  both  deceased,  n  1888, 

he  was  married   to  >T  of 

Samuel  Wesley  Thompson,  of  .In 

man 

and  woman,  every  boy  and  girl  on   t!i>- 
had  come  to  think  of  him  as  a  friend.     Fo 
of  them  he  had  a  kindly  or  laughing  word.     In 
his  )  ruing.     In 

worl'  •  and  pres- 

i'riend.      In    the 

memory  of  ali  ty  is 

>  ed.    He  died  in  Brooklyn,  July  16,  1915. 


GIBBS,  Norman,  lawyer,  was  born  at  Groton, 

Tompkins  )  of  James  and 

v)   Gibbs.     His  first  American  an- 

I'tieut.     On  the  maternal 

side  he  wa-  1  from  Increase  Mather  (q.v.), 

the  eelebr;  a  saddler 

and  harness  maker  i  ;;iv!  New  York 

state;    and  at  ifty,   was  eon- 

verted  and  bet;i  i  :   preacher. 

:ion  at   Groton 

it  the  Alb.  '    i  Law  Si-1 

imaged  in  a  mer,  :  and  then 

uol  in  Tompkins  and  adjoining  coin 

he  st  .unt  Vernon,  Mo.,  was  admitti 

the  A1  lar,  and  began  the  practice  of  law 

in  hi  '  auc- 

ittor- 

er  in  southwest 

courts  of  the 

arguments 

were  idod  upon 

the  letter  reasoning. 

He  ^  't  in  the  PI  I 

ment,  in  New  York  city,  of  the  estate  of  William 

as.     He  I).1 

criminal  law.  and  hi-  'ugly  con- 

fined   to    civil  m   work.      He   made 

nd  Barry 

iairy   and 

•  n    of 

> i  ding 

He 

ing  for  his  ado;. ted  city 

Northern  Rail- 

ied  thirty 

irium  for 

Tube  His  political  affilia- 

tion •  '  lie  Republican   pai  -1  in  days 

in  Missouri  when  it  took  a  stout  heart  to  stand  for 
the  principles  of  that  party  he  never  flinched.     In 
and  also  in  1S7G  hi  -osecuting 

attorney,   declining   a   renomination   after   ser 
two  years.   In  1884  he  was  cho'  ntial  elec- 

tor from 

• 

him  iiiri    State    N, 

Schori  member  01 

ter  of  Hi 

the  war  oi  !  a  Calit'o- 

He  died  at  Mount  Vernon,  Mo.,  Dec.  5,   111 
SIBEKT,  William   Luther,   sol 

and    Mari'  is    grandr 

went  from  South  Carolina  to  .\ 
was  he   Alabain 

Point,  where  hi 

y  appointed  second 
engineers  and  n 

' 

graduated  there  in  ]sS7.     On  Apr.  7 
made  firs,  •   of  engineers  and  si 

.-is  promot, 
(190< 
dier-general   (1915).     During  1887-92  he  was 


Tee   NATIOT4AL.   CYO-OREaiA   OF   AMERICAN   BIQBRAF 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHT. 


385 


gaged  on  river  and  harbor  work  in  Kentucky  and 
from  Is92  to  1894  on  the  construction  of  a  ship 
channel  in  the  connecting  waters  of  the  Great 
Lakes.  He  had  charge  of  the  river  and  harbor  dis- 
trict of  Arkansas  from  1804  to  1898  and  was  then 
assigned  to  the  engineer  school  of  application  as 
instructor  in  civil  engineering.  In  11109  he  was 
sent  to  the  Philippine  Islands  and  served  there  as 
chief  engineer  of  the  8th  army  corps,  and  as  chief 
engineer  and  general  manager  of  the  Manila  and 
I>agupan  railroad.  Returning  in  1900  he  was  put  in 
charge  of  a  river  and  harbor  district  with  head- 
quarters first  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  later  at  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.  In  1907  Pres.  Roosevelt  appointed  him 
a  member  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  and 
he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  division  engineer  of  the 
Atlantic  division  of  the  Panama  canal.  As  such  he 
had  charge  of  the  construction  of  Gatun  locks  and 
dam,  of  the  breakwater  in  Colon  harbor,  and  of  the 
seven  miles  of  the  canal  from  Gatun  to  the  sea. 
The  engineering  work  on  the  Isthmus  was  divided 
into  three  construction  divisions  and  Col.  Sibert  's 
greatest  problem  was  the  construction  of  the  locks 
and  dam  at  Gatun.  This  dam  was  composed 
largely  of  earth  and  was  built  on  a  soft,  yielding 
foundation.  It  was  placed  across  the  lower  end  of 
the  C'hagres  valley  and  by  impounding  the  waters 
of  the  Chagres  and  tributary  streams  a  lake  with 
an  area  of  164  square  miles  was  formed  and  thus 
provided  passage  way  for  twenty-two  miles  of  the 
route  across  the  Isthmus.  Access  to  the  lake  is 
through  a  flight  of  three  locks,  each  1,000  feet 
long,  110  feet  wide  and  with  a  combined  lift  of 
eighty-live  feet.  The  canal  is  at  sea-level  from  the 
locks  to  the  Atlantic  ocean.  By  an  act  approved 
Mar.  4,  1915,  congress  extended  its  thanks  by  name 
to  Col.  Sibert  and  the  other  army  and  navy  mem- 
bers of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  and  au- 
thorized their  promotion  to  grade  of  general  officers 
in  the  line  of  the  army  ami  corresponding  grade  in 
the  navy.  Gen.  Sibert  was  then  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Pacific  coast  artillery  district, 
which  district  he  now  commands.  Gen.  Sibert  is  a 
member  of  the  Engineers'  Society  of  Western 
Pennsylvania  and  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers.  He  was  married  in  September,  1887,  to 
Mary  Margaret,  daughter  of  Judge  Franklin  C'um- 
mings,  of  Brownsville,  Tex.,  and  has  five  sons  and 
one  daughter:  William  Olin,  Franklin  C'ummings, 
Harold  Ward,  Edwin  Luther,  Martin  David  and 
Mary  Elizabeth  Sibert. 

BOWMAN,  Samuel  Henry,  lumberman,  was 
born  in  Frederick  county,  Mil..  Oct.  .",  1,  is.i:!,  son 
of  Wm.  Henry  and  Mary  Ann  Hyder  Bowman. 
He  was  educated  at  the  publ.j  schools  of  Mary- 
land and  at  Eastman  College,  i-oughke'-psie,  X.  Y., 
and  when  twenty-seven  years  old  removed  to  Ode- 
bolt,  la.,  where  he  organized  the  S.  H.  Bowman 
Lumber  Co.,  a  retail  concern  with  but  one  yard. 
Later  he  took  his  brothers,  B.  C.  and  W.  C. 
Bowman,  into  the  firm,  and  the  business  ex- 
panded until  his  company  operated  a  number 
of  branches  in  various  towns  of  Iowa.  In 
1890  the  offices  of  the  company  were  removed 
to  Minneapolis,  Minn.  One  of  their  earliest  ven- 
tures was  the  Bowman-Hicks  Lumber  Co.,  of  Kan- 
sas City,  a  manufacturing  concern  with  saw  mills 
in  Louisiana.  Mr.  Bowman  also  became  interested 
in  timber  and  saw  mill  plants  in  the  Canadian  west, 
including  the  Bowman  Lumber  Co.,  Ltd.,  the 
Revelstoke  Sawmill  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Revelstoke,  and 
the  Yale-Columbia  Lumber  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Nelson, 
B.  C.  Some  years  ago  the  manufacturing  inter- 
ests in  Canada  were  disposed  of,  but  the  Revel- 
stoke  Sawmill  Co.  was  retained  as  a  retail  yard, 


and  with  other  Bowman  concerns,  the  Atlas  Lum- 
ber Co.,  Ltd.,  the  Globe  Lumber  Co.,  Ltd.,  the 
Alberta  Lumber  Co.,  Ltd.,  all  with  headquarters 
at  Calgary,  Alberta,  owns  and  operates  about  100 
yards  in  the  prairie  provinces.  Meanwhile  the  re- 
tail business  of  this  country  became  so  large  that 
it  was  thought  advisable  to  operate  under  a  num- 
ber of  heads,  Mr.  Bowman  thus  demonstrating  his 
administrative  and  executive  ability  by  establish- 
ing the  following  companies:  The  Bowman-Kranz 
Lumber  Co.,  operating  yards  in  Nebraska,  with 
headquarters  at  Omaha;  the  W.  C.  Bowman  Lum- 
ber Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Kansas  City  and 
retail  yards  in  Texas;  the  H.  A.  Quinn  Lumber 
Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Council  Bluffs,  la.,  and 
yards  in  that  state.  The  yards  of  the  parent 
concern,  the  S.  H.  Bowman  Lumber  Co.,  are 
located  in  Minnesota,  South  Pakota  and  Iowa. 
Shortly  after  removing  to  Minneapolis,  Mr.  Bow- 
man entered  the  financial  field,  acquiring  banking 
and  other  interests.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  a  director  of  the  Union  Investment  Co.,  the 
Scandinavian-American  National  Bank,  of  Min- 
neapolis, and  the  United  States  National  Bank,  of 
Superior,  Wis.  At  various  times  he  was  director 
of  the  Flour  City  National  Bank,  the  National 
Bank  of  Commerce,  the  Commercial  National  and 
the  National  City  banks,  of  Minneapolis.  Each 
of  these  institutions  was  absorbed  into  larger 
banks,  and  Mr.  Bowman  was  identified  with  the 
important  changes.  He  was  a  kind  and  compan- 
ionable man,  an  ideal  husband  and  father  and  a 
favorite  with  those  who  knew  him  best.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Minneapolis,  Minikahda,  La  Fay- 
ette,  and  Automobile  clubs  of  Minneapolis,  and 
was  a  Scottish  Kite  Mason  and  a  Shriner.  He  was 
married  July,  18S4,  to  Annie  L.,  daughter  of 
George  B.  Stevens,  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  had  one 
son,  Samuel  H.  Bowman,  now  president  of  the  S. 
H.  Bowman  Lumber  Co.  Mr.  Bowman  died  at  his 
country  home,  Summit  Park  Farm,  Wayzata, 
Minn.,  Sept.  9,  1915. 

McCABTY,  Richard  Justin,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  at  Clarksburg,  Ya.  (now  W.  Va.).,  Mar. 
12,  isCl,  son  of  Joseph  Cresap  and  Ann  (MeCally) 
Mci'urty.  His  father  was  a  merchant  and  planter. 
The  son  received  his  preliminary  education  at 
private  schools,  and  during  1865-68  was  a  student 
at  Soule  University,  Chapel  Hill,  Tex.  He  was 
graduated  in  pure  mathematics  at  the  University 
of  A'irginia  in  ]s"l.  In  that  year  he  became  axe- 
man in  the  engineering  corps  on  surveys  of  the 
International  &  Great  Northern  railroad  in  Texas, 
serving  in  various  capacities  until  1S74.  He  then 
returned  to  the  University  of  Yirgiuia  and  was 
graduated  in  applied  mathematics  and  civil  engi- 
neering in  1875.  He  at  once  entered  the  service 
of  the  Kansas  Rolling  Mill  Co.,  Kansas  City,  re- 
maining until  Is"*,  when  he  became  locating  en- 
gineer and  acting  chief  engineer  of  the  St.  Louis 
i;  Southwestern  Railway  Co.,  in  Texas.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  entered  the  accounting  department  of 
the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad 
Co.,  and  ciinriniied  with  that  company  in  various 
capacities  until  lS8(i.  He  then  entered  the  service 
of  the  Metropolitan  Street  Railway  Co.,  Kansas 
City,  serving  as  general  manager  and  chief  en- 
gineer in  3888-96.  In  1897-99  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Kansas  City,  Pittsburg  &  Gulf  Rail- 
road Co.,  which,  in  the  latter  year,  was  taken  over 
by  the  Kansas  City  Southern  Railway  Co., 
and  he  then  took  service  with  that  company, 
was  appointed  its  vice-president  in  1906,  and  still 
continues  in  that  capacity,  and  is  also  chairman  of 
the  valuation  committee.  He  is  author  of  "Federal 


386  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

Valuation  of  Railroad  Property"  (1915).  He  is  Grace  Church,  Wilmington,  Del.;  Grace  Church, 
a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  En-  Baltimore;  Union  Church,  Covington,  Ky.;  Cen- 
gineers,  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  tenary  Church,  Camden,  N.  J.;  State  Street 
Royal  Societies  Club,  London,  Sous  of  the  Ameri-  Church,  Trenton,  N.  J.;  Calvary  Church,  East 
can  Revolution,  and  of  Beta  Chapter  of  Zeta  Psi  Orange,  N.  J.,  and  First  Church,  Montclair,  N.  J., 
fraternity.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  scien-  which  he  served  for  eight  years,  and  the  new 
tific  research.  His  dominant  personal  characteristics  edifice  of  which,  built  during  his  pastorate, 
are  energy  and  perseverance.  He  is  a  sound  and  stands  as  his  monument.  To  Dr.  Dobbins  the 
straight  thinker,  a  man  of  great  power  of  applica-  ministry  was  not  a  profession,  but  a  passion, 
tion,  an  analytical  reasoner,  and  a  diligent  and  In  it,  through  forty  years,  he  blended  the  win- 
painstaking  worker.  He  was  married  June  -4,  some  grace  of  exceeding  gentleness  with  the  vlc- 
1877,  to  Mary  Louise,  daughter  of  Maj.  John  S.  torious  force  of  a  fervent,  glowing  and  tireless 
Allen,  a  merchant  of  Kansas  City;  they  have  three  zeal.  He  gave  himself  entirely  to  his  work,  with 
children:  Allen,  Richard  Justin,  Jr.,  and  Charles  a  truly  pastoral  heart;  was  sympathetic,  corn- 
Edward,  prehending,  compassionate,  prayerful  and  helpful. 

BURGES,  Bichard  Fenner,  lawyer,  was  born  He  was  a  natural  born  orator,  and  in  impassioned 
in  Segujn.  Tex.,  Jan.  7,  1873,  son  of  William  H.  and  eloquent  speech  belonged  among  the  supreme 
and  Elizabeth  (Rust)  Surges.  His  first  American  preachers  of  his  church.  He  was  married  Sept. 
ancestor  was  Thomas  Burges,  a  native  of  England,  21,  1S76,  to  Imogene,  daughter  of  Judge  Jesse 
who  emigrated  in  1742  and  settled  in  Virginia,  the  H.  Diverty,  of  Cape  May  county,  N.  J.,  by  whom 
line  being  traced  through  his  son,  Henry  John,  who  he  is  survived  with  three  children:  Mary  Imo- 
married  Judith  Driver;  their  son  Albridghton  gene,  John  Gerry,  and  Helen  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
S.  H.,  who  married  Mary  Gilmour;  and  their  sou  Daniel  R.  Sortwell,  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  died  at 
William  Henry,  who  married  Eugenia  Ann  Fen-  Montclair,  N.  J.,  Jan.  17,  1917. 
ner,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject.  BB/ADSTKEET,  Alvah  Judson,  merchant, 
His  father,  a  lawyer,  was  a  member  of  the  fourth  was  born  at  Danvers,  Mass.,  Oct.  IS,  1S62,  sou  of 
regiment  of  Hood's  famous  Texas  brigade  in  the  William  and  Judith  Morrill  (Fullerton)  Bradstreet. 
civil  war.  Richard  F.  Burges  was  educated  in  the  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
public  schools  at  Seguin  and  in  the  Agricultural  Simon  Bradstreet  (q.v.),  who  came  from  Horbling, 
and  Mechanical  College  of  Texas.  In  1894  he  Lincolnshire,  England,  in  1632,  and  was  governor 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  has  since  continued  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony  during  1679-86. 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city.  During  His  wife  was  Ann  Dudley,  and  from  them  the  line 
1901-03  he  was  judge  of  the  corporation  court  of  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  John  and 
El  Paso  and  1905-07  was  city  attorney.  In  1910  his  wife  Sarah  Perkins;  their  son  Samuel  and  his 
he  was  associate  counsel  for  the  United  States  in  wife  Sarah  Clark;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife 
the  Channel  arbitration  with  the  Mexican  gov-  Ruth  Lamson;  their  son  Asa  and  his  wife  Abigaii 
ernment.  This  case  involved  the  settlement  of  a  Balch,  to  their  son  William  Bradstreet  and  his 
disputed  boundary  between  the  two  nations  em-  wife  Eunice  Perkins,  who  were  the  grandparents 
bracing  a  :arge  part  of  the  city  of  El  Paso,  Tex.  oi  Alvah  Judson  Bradstreet.  William  Bradstreet, 
Mr.  Burgas  was  a  delegate  to  the  conference  on  father  of  the  subject,  was  dairyman  and  farmer, 
the  conservation  of  natural  resources  held  in  The  son  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
Washington  May  13-15,  1908.  In  1913  he  was  of  Dauvers,  and  through  a  correspondence  law 
elected  to  the  Texas  house  oi  representatives,  where  school.  He  was  engaged  in  the  dairy  business 
he  was  the  author  of  the  El  Paso  commission  char-  until  191.'!,  and  since  the  latter  year  has  been  pro- 
ter;  jr.int  author  of  the  Texas  anti-gambling  in-  prietor  of  Bradstreet 's  Market,  a  prosperous  gro- 
junction  statute,  and  the  Texas  irrigation  code  and  eery  business  at  Danvers.  He  served  as  assessor 
general  mining  law.  He  has  been  for  years  an  of  taxes,  Danvers,  in  1907;  as  a  member  of  the 
active  member  of  the  resolutions  committee  of  the  board  of  selectmen  in  1910,  and  as  representative 
nation!. :  irrigation  congress  and  a  vice-president  in  the  Massachusetts  house  of  representatives  dur- 
of  tne  congress.  In  1908  he  was  appointed  by  ing  1913-14.  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace 
Gov.  Campbell  chairman  of  the  state  conservation  and  a  notary  public  for  twenty-eight  years.  He  is 
commission  of  Texas.  In  the  same  year  he  inau-  a  director  in  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
gurated  the  movement  for  the  establishment  of  a  tion,  Beverly,  Mass.;  member  Danvers  Historical 
national  park  in  the  Sacramento  mountains  in  Society,  Danvers  Improvement  Association,  Brad- 
New  Mexico,  comprising  about  half  a  million  street  Family  Association;  Masonic  fraternity,  in 
acres.  Mr.  Burges  has  collected  the  most  exten-  which  he  holds  the  32d  degree ;  Independent  Order 
sive  and  valuable  library  of  books,  i  laps,  pam-  of  Odd  Fellows;  Ancient  Order  United  Workmen; 
phlets  and  manuscripts  relating  to  Texas  to  be  Knights  of  Pythias;  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Po- 
found  outside  of  the  state  library.  He  is  a  mem-  litically  he  is  a  Republican,  and  he  is  a  comnmni- 
ber  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society,  of  the  cant  of  Immanuel  Congregational  Church,  and  has 
Texas  State  Historical  Association,  of  the  Texas  been  superintendent  of  its  Sunday  school  since 
Bar  Association,  of  the  El  Paso  Country  Club  and  1902.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  travel.  He 
of  the  Toltec  Club.  He  was  married  Dec.  7,  married  (1)  at  Danvers,  Mass.,  Mar.  22,  1882, 
1898,  to  Ethel,  daughter  of  Eugene  A.  Shelton,  of  Cordelia  W.,  daughter  of  George  Watson  Staples, 
El  Paso.  She  died  in  1912,  leaving  one  daughter,  a  shoemaker  of  Danvers;  she  died  in  1897.  He 
Jane  Rust  Burges.  married  (2)  at  Beverly,  Mass.,  Aug.  27,  1908, 

DOBBINS,  John.  Young,  clergyman,  was  born  Bertha,  daughter  of  Ehen  F.  Lovett,  a  shoemaker 

in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.   22,  1850,  son  of  John  of  Beverly.    He  has  the  following  children:  Emma 

and   Elizabeth    (Young)    Dobbins.     He    was   edu-  F.,  who  became  the  wife  of  Charles  R.  Chevalier, 

cated  at  Pennington  Seminary,  Drew  Theological  North  Hampton,  N.  H. ;  Florence,  whose  husband 

Seminary    and    Dickinson    College,    being    grad-  is  Stephen  F.  Kimball,  Alamogordo,  N.  M. :  Cora, 

uated    at    the    last    in    1875,    taking    its    highest  a  music  teacher,  Danvers,  Mass.,  and  William  H. 

honors.     He   entered   the   ministry   of   the   Metho-  Bradstreet,   a   machinist:    all   by   the   first   union; 

dist  Episcopal  Church  in  1876,  and  was  stationed  and   Dudley  L.   and   Ethel   Louise  Bradstreet,   by 

successively   at   Trinity   Church,   Camden,   N.   J.;  the  second  union. 


RICHARD  J.  McCARTY 
CIVIL  F.XGIXEER 


RICHARD  F.  BURGES 
LAWYER 


JOHN  Y.  DOBBINS 
CLERGYMAN 


ALVAH  J.  BRADSTREET 
MERCHANT 


r 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


387 


BEARTTS,  James  Sterling,  banker,  was  born 
iu  New  York  city,  Aug.  2S,  ISlfi,  son  of  Harry 
and  Margaret  (George)  Beams,  of  Dutch  descent. 
At  the  time  of  his  birth  his  parents  occupied  the 
old  Murray  homestead,  which  gave  the  name  to 
Murray  hill  in  New  York.  His  early  education 
was  obtained  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Academy 
and  at  Robert  Carter 's  Academy  in  New  York. 
When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  employ 
of  his  brother,  Frederick  J.  Beams.  Believing 
that  the  future  offered  him  greater  opportunities 
in  a  new  vocation  he  became  connected  with  the 
wholesale  grocery  house  of  Thomas  Morrell,  New 
York,  and  within  a  short  time  was  admitted  to 
partnership.  The  firm  was  dissolved  in  1845  and 
thereafter  Mr.  Beams  conducted  the  business  as 
sole  proprietor.  He  traded  extensively  with  the 
West  Indies  in  sugar,  tobacco  and  coffee.  From 
the  outset  he  met  with  success,  and  by  his  thrift 
and  enterprise  built  up  what  was  then  the  largest 
tea,  coffee  and  sugar  importing  business  in  New 
Tork.  In  1S72  his  nephew  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  James  S.  Beams  &  Co.  and  conducted 
it  thereafter  as  proprietor.  The  residence  of  Mr. 
Beams  was  in  South  Tenth  street,  Brooklyn,  in 
that  day  a  sparsely  built  section  of  the  city,  and 
there  he  indulged  in  the  cultivation  of  flowers,  of 
which  he  was  extremely  fond.  His  garden,  which 
was  quite  extensive,  contained  flowers  of  all  kinds 
and  all  seasons,  and  added  a  distinctive  beauty 
to  the  entire  property.  In  1848  he  removed  to 
Williamsburgh.  In  1860  he  became  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Kings  County  Savings  Institu- 
tion, and  in  1865  was  chosen  its  president.  He 
served  continuously  until  1902,  a  period  of  nearly 
half  a  century,  being  the  oldest  bank  president 
in  New  York  city  (in  continuous  service).  For  a 
number  of  years  he  refused  to  receive  any  salary 
for  his  services.  During  his  administration  as 
president  its  capital  was  increased  with  its  growth 
from  year  to  year  and  not  a  cent  was  eve:'  lost 
through  unwise  investment,  a  fact  of  which  Mr. 
Beams  was  always  proud.  He  was  long  a  deeply 
respected  resident  of  the  Eastern  District  of 
Brooklyn,  a  man  of  probity,  of  conservative, 
well-balanced  judgment,  whose  word  stood  for 
truth  and  honor,  and  who  loved  the  beautiful  in 
art  and  nature.  His  life  was  one  of  endeavor  and 
achievement,  and  was  rounded  to  nearly  a  full  cen- 
tury of  useful  and  fruitful  years.  He  was  a  ves- 
tryman and  treasurer  of  Christ  Episcopal  Church 
in  Bedford  avenue,  Brooklyn.  For  many  years  he 
was  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children  and  gave  large 
sums  toward  its  maintenance.  The  two  great 
loves  of  his  life  were  flowers  and  the  human 
flowers — little  children — his  own  as  well  as  others. 
He  was  married  June  1,  1854,  to  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  C'osgrove,  of  St.  John,  N.  B.,  and 
had  five  children:  Elizabeth  Jane,  wife  of  Edward 
P.  Smith,  M.D.;  William  J.  G.,  Ella  Louise,  wife 
of  Rt.  Rev.  James  H.  Darlington,  Episcopal  bishop 
of  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  Kate  Annabel,  wife  of  G.  C. 
Darlington,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Alfred 
Henry  Beams.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  Feb.  18,  1913. 
KIRKPATRICK,  Clifford,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  at  Bangor,  Me.,  May  13,  1855,  son 
of  Charles  Williams  and  Mary  Thompson  (Bab- 
bidge)  Kirkpatrick,  and  descended  from  old  and 
distinguished  Scotch  stock.  The  family  dates  from 
Humphry  Kirkpatrick,  in  whose  favor  Maiduin, 
Earl  of  Lennox,  granted  charter  of  the  lands  of 
Colchoun  iu  the  reign  of  Alexander  II.  Roger 
Kirkpatrick,  of  this  family,  was  a  famous  Scottish 
soldier.  The  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 


was  John  Kirkpatrick,  who  came  from  Scotland 
and  settled  at  Warren,  Me.,  in  1753.  His  son 
James  was  the  grandfather  of  Clifford  Kirkpatrick, 
whose  father,  a  seaman,  died  during  the  infancy 
of  the  subject.  Clifford  Kirkpatriek  received  a 
meagre  preliminary  education  in  district  schools. 
At  eight  he  left  home  and  began  an  independent 
career,  being  variously  occupied  until  he  was  fif- 
teen, when  he  learned  the  granite  cutters'  trade  at 
Concord,  N.  H.  At  nineteen  he  was  placed  on 
government  work  at  his  trade  on  Hurricane  Island, 
where  he  was  one  of  the  highest  paid  workmen. 
He  had  previously  had  experience  in  the  cod-fishing 
trade  on  the  Grand  Banks  of  Newfoundland. 
Subsequently,  his  expertness  in  granite  cutting 
carried  him  to  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  1878 
he  went  to  Adrian,  Mich.,  where  for  a  year  he 
was  employed  at  his  trade  by  J.  E.  Harrison  & 
Son.  Meanwhile,  he  omitted  no  opportunity  to 
further  his  education,  and  frequently  walked  fif- 
teen miles  after  a  days'  work  to  hear  a  lecture  or 
a  noted  public  speaker.  His  boyhood  ideal  had 
been  the  family  physician,  and  his  ambition  was 
to  acquire  sufficient  funds  to  study  medicine.  He 
began  medical  studies  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Dr.  Charles  Rynd,  of  Adrian,  Mich.,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  college  of  medicine  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1SS1  with  the  degree  M.D., 
practically  working  his  way  through  the  institu- 
tion. While  in,  college,  because  of  his  work  and 
studies,  he  never  averaged  more  than  four  hours 
sleep  a  night.  From  that  year  he  was  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Adrian  and  acquired 
a  large  practice  and  a  high  reputation.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Lenawee  county  board  of  pension 
examiners,  and  held  membership  in  the  American 
Medical  Association,  Michigan  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, Lenawee  County  Medical  Society,  Wabash 
Association  of  Railway  Surgeons,  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Knights  of  Maccabees,  Masonic  fraternity, 
in  which  he  was  a  past  grand  master,  and  Adrian 
Rifle  Club.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  and 
in  1S95  was  elected  mayor  of  Adrian.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  literary  studies,  gardening 
and  music,  and  he  possessed  an  unusually  pleasing 
baritone  voice  which  despite  a  busy  life  he  found 
time  to  cultivate.  He  wrote  with  considerable 
ability,  and  some  of  his  poems  received  a  wide 
circulation.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the  First 
Congregational  church.  Dr.  Kirkpatrick  was  a 
lover  of  fine  art  and  the  best  in  literature,  and 
was  an  intelligent  analyst  of  the  styles  of  famous 
authors.  His  genial  comradeship  and  personal 
sympathy  with  the  welfare  of  others  were  his 
dominating  personal  characteristics.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Adrian,  June  13,  1910,  to  Gertrude  B. 
(Durham)  Philpott,  daughter  of  Joseph  Anson 
Durham,  a  contractor.  She  survives  him.  He  died 
at  A, Irian,  Dec.  31,  1918. 

WEBBER,  Herbert  John,  botanist,  was  born 
in  Lawton,  Mich.,  Dec.  27,  1865,  son  of  John  Mil- 
ton and  Rebecca  Anna  (Bradt)  Webber.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Nebraska  in  1889 
with  the  degree  of  B.  Sc.,  and  in  1890  received  that 
of  A.M.  Upon  graduating  he  was  at  once  ap- 
pointed instructor  in  botany  at  Nebraska,  but  two 
years  later  accepted  a  similar  appointment  in  the 
Shaw  School  of  Botany  of  Washington  University, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1S9"3  he  was  called  by  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  to  Washington,  and 
given  charge  of  the  investigation  of  the  disease 
of  the  orange  trees  in  Florida,  to  which  work  he 
devoted  four  years.  He  next  undertook  the  study 
of  plant  breeding,  and  soon  was  placed  by  the  De- 
partment in  charge  of  the  plant  breeding  invest!- 


388 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


gnfions,  with  which  division  he  continued  until 
1907.  He  accepted  a  call  to  Cornell  University  as 
professor  of  experimental  plant  biology,  but  in 
1909  he  was  transferred  to  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture,  of  which  during  1909-10 
he  was  acting  director,  and  during  1910-12  pro- 
fessor of  plant  breeding.  Since  1912  he  has 
been  dean  and  professor  of  plant  breeding  in  the 
Graduate  School  of  Tropical  Agriculture  of  the 
University  of  California,  as  well  as  Director  of  the 
Citrus  Experiment  Station  in  Riverside,  Cal.  Be- 
sides very  many  reports  and  papers  contributed 
to  the  publications  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, he  has  published  in  the  bulletin  series  of  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  "Spermatogenosis  and 
Fecundation  of  Zamia"  (.1901),  and  "A  Cowpea 
Resistant  to  Root  Knob.  Heterodera  Radicicola" 
(1902),  and  in  the  proceedings  and  reports  of  the 
American  Breeders'  Association  are  to  be  found 
the  following  papers  hy  him:  "Explanation  of 
Mendel's  Law  of  Hybrids"  (1905);  "Notes  on 
Citrus  Hybrids  (1905);  "Some  Gaps  in  Our 
Knowledge  of  Herei'itv"  (190S>,  and  "Clonal,  a 
Bud  Variation"  (1909).  Among  his  more  popu- 
lar papers  are  "New  Horticultural  and  Agricul- 
tural Terms"  (1903"),  which  appeared  in  Science; 
"New  Fruit  Productions  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture"  iu  the  year  book  of  the  Department 
for  1906;  "Conservation  Ideals  in  the  Improve- 
ment of  Plants"  (19121,  in  the  "Popular  Science 
Monthly,"  and  "The  Effect  of  Research  in  Gene- 
tics on  the  Art  of  Breeding"  (1912),  contributed 
to  the  "American  Breeders  Magazine."  Dr.  Web- 
ber also  wrote  the  section  on  "Zamia''  for  Small's 
"Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States"  (1913). 
He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Washington 
University  in  1901  for  his  original  researches  in 
plant  breeding,  and  in  1913  the  University  of 
Nebraska  conferred  upon  him  the  unusual  hon- 
orary degree  of  Doctor  of  Agriculture.  It  may  be 
added  that  he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  United 
States  at  the  International  Conference  on  Hybrid- 
ization held  in  London,  England,  in  1899.  He  is 
a  member  of  various  scientific  societies,  including 
the  Botanical  Society  of  America  and  the  Breed- 
ers' Association,  of  which  in  1908  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  plant  section.  Since  1900  he  has  been 
a  fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science. 

PALMER,  Alfred  Lee,  jurist  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  Mina,  Chautaiuqua  co.,  N.  Y.,  June  11, 
1835,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Hill)  Palmer  and 
grandson  of  David  Palmer,  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
the  revolution.  In  1840  his  father  removed  to  An- 
drew, la.,  where  he  became  a  man  of  prominence 
and  influence  in  the  state,  serving  as  probate  judge 
and  superintendent  or.  public  instruction.  The  son 
received  his  preliminary  education  at  the  public 
schools  of  Andrew  and  the  Mt.  Morris  (111.)  Acad- 
emy, and  was  graduated  at  the  Albany  (N.  Y.) 
Law  School  in  1858.  Subsequently  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Andrew,  la.  On  'the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  12th  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry,  and  was  elected  second  lieu- 
tenant. Later  he  was  detached  on  recruiting  ser- 
vice. While  he  was  thus  engaged  his  regiment  was 
captured  and  he  was  assigned  to  the  8th  Iowa  vol- 
unteer infantry  and  promoted  to  first  lieutenant. 
At  the  battle  of  Corinth  he  was  shot  through  the 
lung,  and  he  was  honorably  discharged  for  disa- 
bility in  1S63.  Returning  to  Andrew,  la.,  he  re- 
sumed his  law  practice,  and  served  for  two  succes- 
sive terms  as  county  judge.  In  1868  he  removed  to 
Lincoln,  Neb.,  and  practised  law  with  notable  suc- 
cess, although  he  suffered  much  interference  from 


his  wound.  While  in  Lincoln  he  was  county  judge 
for  four  years.  In  1882  he  became  a  resident  of 
Seattle,  Wash.,  then  in  its  embryonic  stage,  and 
was  an  active  factor  in  promoting  the  enterprising 
development  which  has  made  that  city  one  of  the 
greatest  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  built  the  Palmer 
House,  the  York  Hotel  and  a  number  of  business 
blocks  anil  manufacturing  plants.  His  entire  ca- 
reer has  been  a  practical  demonstration  of  his  con- 
fidence in  the  city 's  resources  and  growth.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Seattle  Chamber  of  Commerce 
and  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  In 
Masonry  he  was  eminent  commander  of  Seattle 
commandery;  held  the  office  of  right  eminent  grand 
commander  of  Knights  Templar  for  the  state  of 
Washington  and  for  years  was  the  oldest  past 
grand  commander.  He  was  for  twenty-five  years 
a  member  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  His  rigid 
standard  of  business  and  professional  honor  and 
integrity,  his  sound  judgment  and  marked  prac- 
tical ability  were  the  principal  factors  in  his 
success  and  won  for  him  the  high  esteem  of  his 
business  and  professional  associates.  Alfred  L. 
Palmer  was  married  (1)  at  Andrew,  la.,  in  1859, 
to  Lydia,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Butterworth  of 
that  town  and  (2)  at  Maquoketa,  la.,  Sept.  27, 
1870,  to  Rocelia  A.,  daughter  of  Royal  B.  Chase, 
of  Maquoketa.  There  were  two  children  by  the 
first  union — Alice  and  Carrie,  both  deceased — and 
seven  children  by  the  second  union:  Frank  J. ; 
Hattie,  wife  of  Donald  B.  Olson;  Don  H.,  Leet  R., 
Lee  Chase,  Ben  B.  and  Esther  R.  Mrs.  Palmer, 
who  was  educated  at  Rockford  Female  Seminary, 
is  past  grand  matron  of  the  Eastern  Star  for  the 
state  of  Washington,  past  worthy  matron  of  Lor- 
raine chapter,  Seattle,  and  a  member  of  the  Daugh- 
ters of  the  American  Revolution.  Mr.  Palmer  died 
in  Seattle,  Wash.,  Aug.  19,  1914. 

RAWLE.  Francis,  lawyer,  was  born  at  Free- 
dom Forge,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa",  Aug.  7,  1846,  son  of 
Francis  William  and  Louisa.  (Hall)  Rawle,  and 
brother  of  James  Rawle  above.  His  father  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  War  of  1S12,  and  one  of  the  earliest  civil 
engineers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company. 
His  grandfather,  William  Rawle,  was  a  leader  of 
the  Philadelphia  Bar;  was  appointed  by  Washing- 
ton the  first  U.  S.  district  attorney  for' Pennsylva- 
nia, and  is  said  to  have  been  offered  the  attorney- 
generalship  of  the  United  States  by  Washington. 
He  was  counsel  for  the  Bank  of  the  United  States, 
and  principal  member  of  the  commission  that  re- 
vised the  Civil  Code  of  Pennsylvania  in  1830-33; 
first  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Soci- 
ety, and  author  of  a  well  known  work  on  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States.  The  son  was 
educated  at  Phillips'  Exeter  Academy,  ami  Har- 
vard College  in  1869,  and  after  graduating  at  the 
latter  studied  law  in  the  office  of  William  Henry 
K'aule  iu  Philadelphia.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School  in  1871,  and  opening  an  office 
in  Philadelphia,  acquired  an  extensive  prac- 
tice of  a  diversified  character,  but  chiefly  cor- 
poration and  railroad  law  and  patent  cases.  In 
1876  he  was  librarian  of  the  Law  Association  of 
Philadelphia  during  1876-97.  Upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  American  Bar  Association  in  1870,  he 
was  elected  treasurer  and  was  re-elected  each  year 
until  1902,  when  he  became  president.  He  pre- 
pared three  editions  (1883,  1898  and  1913)  of 
Bouvier's  Law  Dictionary  and  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  law  periodicals.  He  is  a  member  of 
various  learned  and  literary  societies  and  during 
1890-1902,  was  an  overseer  of  Harvard  University, 
re-elected  in  1896.  He  was  married  Nov.  25,  1875, 
to  Margaretta  C.  Aertsen,  daughter  of  James  M. 


crY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


389 


Aertsen,  a  Philadelphia  banker,  and  granddaughter 
of  Jonathan  Smith,  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  the 
I'nited  States.  She  died  in  1898,  leaving  two  sons, 
Francis  Jr.,  and  Henry  Rawle,  the  latter  in  the 
U.  S.  Navy. 

DTTKE,  Washington,  tobacco  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Orange  (  now  Durham)  county,  N.  C., 
Dec.  20,  1820,  son  of  Taylor  and  Dicie '(Jones) 
Duke,  who  emigrated  from  lower  Virginia  some 
time  before  the  revolutionary  war.  He  was  prob- 
ably a  descendant  of  John  Duke,  who  was  granted 
lands  in  Virginia  by  successive  governors  of  that 
colony  at  various  times  from  1728  to  1750  and 
who  served  in  the  revolutionary  war  with  the  rank 
of  major.  He  was  one  of  ten  children,  and  his 
educational  advantages  were  very  limited.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  began  farming  on  his  own 
account,  and  four  years  later  by  his  industry  and 
frugality,  was  able  to  purchase  a  farm  of  his  own. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service  and 
was  captured  during  the  retreat  to  Appomattox. 
Returning  home  after  the  war  he  found  his  farm 
gone  to  weeds.  In  his  barn  was  a  small  quantity 
of  leaf  tobacco,  which  he  now  undertook  to  sell.  It 
had  sweetened  and  mellowed  during  the  four  years 
of  the  war  so  that  its  merits  were  at  once  recog- 
nized, and  it  was  soon  sold.  He  now  determined 
to  continue  the  production  and  sale  of  tobacco; 
his  product  soon  became  known  in  the  leading 
markets  of  the  South;  his  barn  was  replaced  by  a 
two-story  factory,  which  was  also  outgrown  in 
187  t  and  a  larger  one  was  occupied  in  the  town  of 
Durham,  which  thereafter  became  the  headquarters 
of  the  firm  of  W.  Duke,  Sons  &  Co.  The  business 
never  ceased  growing,  one  addition  to  the  facto- 
ries succeeding  another  in  rapid  succession.  In 
1881  the  manufacture  of  cigarettes  was  added,  and 
in  1S84  a  branch  factory  was  established  in  New 
York  city.  In  the  early  '00  's  the  firm  had  become 
the  largest  cigarette  and  smoking  tobacco  estab- 
lishment in  the  world,  doing  an  annual  business  of 
over  $4,500,000.  This  business  was  the  nucleus  of 
the  great  American  Tobacco  Co.,  the  Duke  interests 
being  always  its  greatest  unit.  Washington  Duke 
was  always  known  for  his  high  Christian  character 
and  his  unostentatious  charity.  He  was  one  of 
the  prime  factors  in  moving  the  state  Methodist  in- 
stitution. Trinity  College,  from  Randolph  county 
to  Durham,  and'  to  it  he  contributed  $100,000  for 
buildings  and  improvements.  He  made  other  gifts 
from  time  to  time  amounting  in  all  to  over  $500,000. 
He  also  endowed  Louisbery  Female  College  and 
the  Durham  South  Conservatory  of  Music.  Mr. 
Duke's  activities  were  always  marked  by  wise  con- 
sideration of  the  future.  Maintaining  a  strict 
character  for  probity,  e  er  mindful  for  the  right 
of  others,  and  of  a  kind  and  courteous  disposition, 
he  was  highly  respected  by  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  twice  married:  first,  in  1844,  to  Mary  Caro- 
line, daughter  of  Jesse  Clinton,  of  Durham,  who 
died  in  1874;  and  second,  Dec.  9,  1882,  to  Artelia 
Roney,  of  Alamance  county,  N.  C.  By  his  first 
wife  he  hail  two  sons:  Samuel  T.  and  Brodie  Law- 
rence Duke,  and  by  the  second  marriage  three 
children,  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert  E.  Lyon ; 
Benjamin  Newton  and  James  Buchanan  Duke.  He 
died  in  Durham,  N.  C.,  May  8,  1005. 

DORR,  Temple  Emery,  capitalist  and  phi- 
lanthropist, was  born  at  Bradley,  Me.,  Jan.  14, 
1840,  son  of  Charles  M.  and  Ann  (Morse)  Dorr. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Brad- 
ley, and  during  his  summer  vacations  was  en- 
gaged in  rafting  logs  on  the  Penobscot  river.  In 
1862,  he  went  to  California,  where  he  engaged  in 
prospecting  and  mining  and  he  was  like- 


wise connected  with  the  industry  for  a  period  of 
four  years.  In  1866  he  settled  at  Saginaw,  Mich., 
where  he  entered  the  employ  of  Eddy,  Avery  & 
Co.  The  following  year  he  entered  into  a  con- 
tract to  raft  and  deliver  logs  from  the  Cass  river 
boom.  He  continued  rafting  for  four  years,  dur- 
ing three  of  which  he  was  agent  for  the  firm  of 
Avery  and  Murphy.  Later  he  secured  an  interest 
with  that  firm  and  with  C.  K.  Eddy  in  numerous 
lumbering  operations  of  much  importance.  On  the 
death  of  Newell  Avery  a  partnership  was  formed 
in  1879  under  the  style  of  Murphy  and  Dorr,  his 
partner  being  Simon  J.  Murphy,  of  Detroit.  As 
part  of  its  extensive  operations  this  firm  bought 
and  operated  a  large  saw  mill  at  Bay  City.  Sub- 
sequently the  leading  lumbermen  of  the  Saginaw 
valley  elected  Mr.  Dorr  president  of  the  once 
famous  Tittahawassee  Boom  Co..  which  operated 
on  the  Saginaw  river,  and  handled  annually  more 
logs  than  any  other  similar  concern  in  the  whole 
world.  White  pine  lumbering  was  then  at  the 
height  of  its  prosperity  in  the  district,  and  the 
company  referred  to  collected  at  its  booms  and 
distributed  to  the  numerous  individual  firms  and 
mill  operators  the  immense  cut  of  the  entire  valley. 
As  lumbering  operations  ir.  that  district  gradually 
declined  he  became  interested  in  the  redwood  de- 
velopment of  California,  securing  stock  in  the 
Pacific  Lumber  Co  .  which  operated  large  mills 
north  of  San  Francisco.  In  this  undertaking  he 
was  associated  with  his  brother-in  law,  Selwyn 
Eddy,  formerly  president  of  that  company.  Sub- 
sequently, upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Eddy,  Mr. 
Dorr's  son-in-law.  Chauncey  W.  Penoyer.  assumed 
executive  management  of  the  company.  The 
Pacific  Lumber  Co.  now  (1920;  operates  saw  mills 
at  Scotia,  Humboldt  co.,  having  a  capacity  of 
150,000,000  feet  annually,  and  has  75,000,000"  feet 
in  yards  at  Scotia,  Fields  Landing,  San  Francisco, 
Oakland  and  Los  Angeles.  Fie  also  had  substantial 
holdings  in  iron  ami  other  mining  properties  in 
Minnesota  as  well  as  in  timbcrlands  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  He  contributed  genercusly  to  the  philan- 
thropic and  charitable  institutions  of  Saginaw,  and 
the  magnificent  auditorium,  which  is  a  model  of 
its  kind,  was  made  possible  through  his  gift  of 
$50,000.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  was  a  member  of  Ancient 
Landmark,  F.  &  A.  M. ;  Saginaw  Valley  chapter, 
R.A.M. ;  Saginaw  ,-ouncil,.R.  &  S.M. :  St.  Bernard's., 
commandery,  Knights  Templar;  and  Elf  Khurafeh 
temple,  A.A.O.N.M.S.  He  was  generous  in  his 
sympathy,  wise  in  counsel,  considerate  in  demeanor 
and  yet  powerful  in  his  activities.  He  was  mar- 
ried, 'Feb.  8,  1866,  to  Nancy  M.,  uaughter  of  Ed- 
win Eddy,  of  Saginaw;  she  died  in  1917,  leaving 
three  daughters:  Edith,  wife  of  Victor  von  Boro- 
sini,  Chicago;  Anne,  wife  of  Chauncey  W.  Pen- 
oyer, San  Francisco,  and  Cora,  wife  of  Wellington 
S.  Morse,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  He  died  at  Sag- 
inaw. Mich.,  Nov.  fi,  Hu::. 

WARREN,  George  Herbert,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Shirley,  Mass.,  Oct.  15,  1860,  son  of  Naolis 
Lafayette  and  Mary  (Barnard)  Warren.  He 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  Lawrence  Academy,  Groton, 
Mass.,  and  was  graduated  at  Williams  College 
in  1886  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  He  studied  law 
at  Manchester,  N.  II.,  under  the  preceptorship 
of  H.  E.  Burnham  and  A.  0.  Brown;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  New  Hampshire  in  1889, 
and  in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Manchester,  N.  H.  In  1890  he  became 
a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Burnham,  Brown 
A:  Warren,  with  Henry  E.  Burnham  and  Albert 


390 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


O.  Brown.  The  outgrowth  of  this  partnership  was 
the  present  firm  of  Jones,  Warren,  Wilson  & 
Manning,  in  which  he  is  associated  with  Edwin 
F.  Jones,  Allan  M.  Wilson  and  Robert  L.  Man- 
ning. Aside  from  his  legal  activities  he  has 
taken  a  keen  interest  in  civic  and  municipal 
affairs,  as  well  as  in  Republican  politics,  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  re- 
sponsibility. Since  1915  he  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  public  institutions. 
For  six  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  New  Hampshire  Industrial  School, 
and  in  1912  was  a  member  of  the  state  consti- 
tutional convention.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Derryfield  and  Country  clubs,  Manchester,  and 
a  communicant  of  the  Unitarian  Church.  He 
was  married  at  Groton,  Mass.,  Nov.  19,  1891, 
to  Mary  H.,  daughter  of  Moses  P.  Palmer,  a 
retired  farmer  of  Groton;  they  have  five  chil- 
dren: Helen  E.,  Louise,  Mary  B.,  Robert  P.,  and 
Elizabeth  H.  Warren. 

LENZ,  Oscar  Louis,  sculptor,  was  born  at  Ea?t 
Clarendon,  Vt.,  Aug.  15,  1873,  son  of  Gustav  A. 
and  Sarah  (Greene)  Lenz.  His  father  came  from 
Stuttgart,  Germany,  with  his  parents  when  a  boy 
and  settled  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  he  became 
prominent  in  the  business  life  of  the  city.  On  his 
mother's  side  he  was  descended  from  Nathanael 
Greene,  the  revolutionary  general.  Young  Lenz 
was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Providence  and 
studied  at  the  Rhode  Island  School  of  Design.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  Art  Students ' 
League  in  New  York,  where  he  worked  under 
Augustus  St.  Gaudens,  and  subsequently  he  studied 
under  Philip  Martini.  After  studying  with  Fal- 
guierre  and  at  the  Ateliers  Julien  and  the  Ecole 
des  Beaux  Arts,  Paris,  he  opened  a  studio  in  New 
York  and  soon  built  up  a  reputation  as  one  of  the 
most  gifted  of  the  younger  American  sculptors. 
He  possessed  a  quick  and  poetic  imagination,  an 
unusual  grasp  of  detail  and  an  unswerving  fidelity 
to  truth,  with  a  strong  tinge  of  idealism.  In 
his  figures  he  showed  much  of  the  strength,  com- 
bined grace  and  vigor  of  St.  Gnudens,  and  his 
work  on  the  whole  served  to  point  him  out  as  the 
logical  successor  of  that  master.  He  was  an  in- 
cessant worker,  but  his  health  began  to  fail  and 
he  was  forced  to  give  up  the  fight  before  his  powers 
had  reached  maturity.  Among  his  earlier  works 
were  the  St.  Gabriel  and  St.  Michael  of  All  Angels ' 
Church,  New  Y'ork;  the  Storrs  memorial  tablet  for 
the  Church  of  the  Pilgrims,  Brooklyn,  and  the 
Genius  of  Death,  at  Woodlawn  Cemetary,  New 
York.  The  best  of  his  designs  are  the  Lawton 
memorial  at  Newport,  R.  I.;  "Death  of  Siegfried." 
a  powerfully  impressive  bronz  consisting  of  thirty 
figures,  were  presented  by  his  family  to  the  Met- 
ropolitan Museum  of  Art  in  New  York,  the  original 
plaster  cast  being  in  the  Rhode  Island  School  of 
Design;  the  Mason  memorial  at  Woodlawn  Ceme- 
tery, New  York,  and  the  Hilton  and  Parsons  mem- 
orial at  Rural  Cemetery,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  while  his 
colonial  group  at  the  Charleston  Exposition  and 
the  triumphal  bridge  at  the  Buffalo  Exposition 
showed  his  ability  in  historical  subjects.  Lenz 
was  a  man  of  great  personal  charm  and  ever-ready 
tact,  showing  always  the  greatest  consideration 
for  the  feelings,  comfort  and  happiness  of  others. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  25,  1912. 

STUDY,  Justin  Nelson,  educator,  was  born  in 
Wayne  county,  Ind.,  Feb.  25,  1846,  son  of  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Nelson)  Study.  His  father,  a  farmer, 
removed  to  Hagerstown,  Ind.  Justin  Nelson 
Sfudy  rw.eived  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Hagerstown.  He  was  graduated 


at  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  in  1S71,  with  the 
degree  A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from  that 
institution  in  1874.  He  began  his  professional 
career  as  superintendent  of  schools  at  Anderson, 
Ind.,  in  1871,  continuing  ten  years  in  that  capacity. 
He  occupied  similar  positions  at  Greencastle,  Ind., 
during  1881-84;  at  Richmond,  Ind.,  during  1885- 
96,  and  from  the  latter  year  until  his  death  at 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  education  of  Indiana.  He  had  been  vice- 
president  of  the  National  Educational  Association, 
and  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation, and  of  various  other  educational  associa- 
tions of  Indiana.  He  occupied  a  high  place  in 
Masonry  and  in  1912  was  crowned  sovereign  grand 
inspector  general,  33d  degree.  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and 
his  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican 
party.  While  engaged  in  the  schools  at  Anderson 
he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  Madison 
county  bar,  but  never  engaged  in  practice.  For 
more  than  two  decades  he  directed  the  important 
public  school  system  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  during 
that  long  period  he  grew  steadily  in  popularity, 
and  in  the  confidence  of  school  patrons.  A  man  of 
high  educational  ideals,  possessed  of  the  contructive 
talent,  impressed  by  progressive  ideas  and  gifted 
with  more  than  ordinary  executive  ability  and 
capacity,  he  impressed  his  influence  indelibly  upon 
the  community.  It  was  ever  an  influence  for 
good.  His  reputation  extended  throughout 
Indiana,  and  beyond  the  confines  of  that  state,  for 
in  his  profession  none  stood  higher  than  Prof. 
Study.  At  his  death  a  Fort  Wayne  newspaper 
declared  editorially:  "His  splendid  work  goes 
on,  for  the  harvest  from  his  sowing  is  not  all  in. 
In  a  personal  sense  his  loss  will  be  deeply  felt  for 
he  was  a  man  of  fine  social  instincts.  He  has  im- 
pressed his  personality  upon  the  community,  and 
his  memory  will  abide.  He  was  a  genuine  lover  of 
learning  for  its  own  sake  as  well  as  for  its  elevating 
influences  on  character.  The  impression  he  left 
upon  students  and  teachers  was  always  that  of  the 
master  mind.  He  was  a  teacher  of  great  power, 
and  he  was  ever  interested  in  whatever  served  to 
enhance  the  teacher's  vocation."  He  was  married, 
Jan.  1st,  1874,  to  Belle,  daughter  of  Audress  Wig- 
gins, a  farmer  and  commission  merchant,  of 
Hagerstown ;  she  survives  him,  with  three  children : 
Edna,  now  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Harper,  Dallas,  Tex.; 
Blanche,  who  is  Mrs.  Gibson  E.  Sisco,  Toledo,  0., 
and  Margery  Study,  Fort  Wayne.  He  died  at 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  Aug.  29,  1917. 

TERRY,  Edward  Clinton,  inventor  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  at  Terryville,  Conn.,  Dec.  10, 
1850,  sou  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Hollister)  Terry. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  Samuel  Terry, 
who  came  to  this  country  from  England  in  1650, 
and  settled  at  Springfield,  Mass.;  he  married  Han- 
nah Morgan,  and  the  line  of  descentistraced  through 
their  son  Ephraim,  who  married  Ann  Collins;  their 
son  Samuel,  who  married  Mary  Kellogg;  their 
son  Samuel,  who  married  Huldah  Burnham;  their 
son  Eli,  who  married  Eunice  Warner,  and  their  son 
Eli,  Jr.,  who  married  Samantha  McKee,  and  was 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Eli 
Terry  (q.  v.)  was  the  inventor  of  the  shelf  clock. 
Edward  C.  Terry  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  was  graduated  at  the  Yale  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  with  the  degree  of  B.Sc.  in  1871.  Early  in 
life  he  displayed  the  inventive  ingenuity  of  his 
ancestor,  and  having  perfected  a  water  meter  in 
1S7S,  which  is  known  by  his  name,  he  organized 
the  Hartford  Meter  Co.,  of  which  he  was  manager 
and  secretary,  to  manufacture  and  market  the 


GEORGE  H.  WARREN 
LAWYER 


OSCAR  L.  LEXZ 
scuLrroR 


JUSTIN"  X.  STUDY 
EDUCATOR 


EDWARD  C.  TERRY 
INVENTOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


.".Ol 


device.  In  1889  he  founded  the  Farmington  River 
Power  Co.,  for  the  purpose  of  utilizing  the  water- 
power  on  the  Farmington  river  and  transmitting  it 
by  wire  to  Hartford.  This  undertaking  is  of  spe- 
cial interest,  inasmuch  as  it  was  the  first  success- 
ful attempt  to  convert  water-power  into  electricity 
and  transmit  it  any  desirable  distance.  His  idea 
was  at  first  pronounced  impracticable  by  the  lead- 
ing engineers  and  electricians,  and  he  was  strongly 
warned  against  making  the  attempt,  but  he  per- 
sisted, and  the  company  is  still  engaged  in  supply- 
ing electricity  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  to 
the  city  of  Hartford.  Another  subject  that  re- 
ceived much  of  Mr.  Terry 's  attention  was  the 
steam  turbine.  He  invented  the  Terry  type  of  tur- 
bine which  enables  a  high  efficiency  to  be  obtained 
at  a  comparatively  slow  speed,  by  an  arrangement 
whereby  the  same  steam  is  used  in  the  same  wheel 
four  times.  This  avoids  the  necessity  of  high  speed 
and  reduction  gears,  and  allows  a  more  simple  con- 
struction, resulting  in  a  more  efficient  turbine.  To 
introduce  this  invention  Mr.  Terry  organized  The 
Terry  Steam  Turbine  Co.,  in  1906,  with  a  capital 
of  $250,000,  of  which  he  was  president  until  his 
death.  The  company's  factory  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
employs  about  100  hands,  and  turns  out  a  complete 
turbine  engine  every  day.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  the  Hartford 
Club  and  the  Hartford  Golf  Club.  He  was  married 
Feb.  28,  1872,  at  Terryville,  Conn.,  to  Louise, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Webster,  and  had  two  sons, 
James  and  Charles  Terry.  He  died  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  April  6,  190S. 

DESHLER,  William  Green,  banker  and  phil- 
anthropist, was  born  in  Columbus,  O.,  May  24, 
1^7,  son  of  David  W.  and  Betsey  (Green)  Desh- 
ler.  His  father,  who  went  from  Allentown,  Pa., 
to  Columbus  in  1817,  was  a  cabinet  maker  and 
later  a  dry-goods  merchant,  insurance  broker  and 
cashier  of' the  city's  first  bank,  the  Clinton.  He 
figured  in  various  reorganizations  of  the  Clinton 
Bank,  which  was  the  forerunner  of  the  present 
Hayden-Clinton  Bank,  and  became  its  principal 
owner  and  president.  "William  G.  Deshler  received 
his  education  in  private  schools  in  Columbus,  and 
Easton,  Pa.,  and  when  seventeen  years  old  entered 
his  father's  bank.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father 
in  1869,  he  succeeded  to  the  presidency  of  the 
bank,  which  became  the  National  Exchange  Bank, 
and  in  1879  was  reorganized  as  the  Deshler  Na- 
tional Bank.  In  1910  the  Deshler  National  Bank 
was  merged  into  the  Hayden-Clinton.  During  his 
career  as  a  banker  Mr.  Deshler  controlled  the  dis- 
bursements and  interchange  of  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions of  dollars,  and  his  name  stood  as  a  synonym 
for  the  highest  principles  which  constitute  the 
working  basis  of  financial  institutions.  Nearly 
all  the  banks  of  Columbus  which  have  been  re- 
ceived or  organized  since  the  panic  of  1S57  were 
directly  or  indirectly  encouraged  or  assisted  by 
him  and  his  financial  connections.  Mr.  Deshler 
was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
secretary  of  the  treasury  under  Lincoln,  and  in 
1864  the  latter  called  upon  him  to  conduct  an  im- 
portant secret  financial  transaction  to  counteract 
the  effect  of  certain  influences  which  had  been 
striving  to  break  down  the  credit  of  the  United 
States  government  by  speculation  in  stocks  and 
gold.  He  conceived  'the  plan  of  selling  gold  in 
the  United  States  treasury  in  exchange  for  green- 
backs, which  caused  such  a  drop  in  the  money 
market  that  a  financial  panic  ensued,  followed  by 
a  number  of  failures  among  bull  operators.  That 
it  had  the  desired  results  in  checking  the  opponents 
of  the  government  's  financial  policy  is  indicated 


by  Secretary  Chase's  cordial  letter  of  thanks  to 
Mr.  Deehler  and  his  presentation  as  a  token  of  per- 
sonal appreciation  of  a  cane  made  from  the  wreck 
of  the  Confederate  gunboat  Merrimac,  the  only 
remuneration  that  he  received  for  his  services  to 
the  government.  In  1889  he  gave  $100,000  in 
trust  to  the  Columbus  Female  Benevolent  Society 
for  the  establishment  of  the  Betsey  Green  Deshler 
fund  in  memory  of  his  mother,  and  a  year  later, 
on  the  death  of"  his  daughter,  he  created  a  similar 
trust  to  be  known  as  the  Kate  Deshler  Hunter 
fund  in  the  sum  of  $33,000,  giving  a  thousand 
dollars  for  each  year  of  her  life.  He  later  added 
$60,000  to  this  fund.  After  the  death  of  a  grand- 
son he  created  a  memorial  fund  of  $17,000  to 
found  a  fund  for  crippled  and  deformed  children, 
the  Deshler  Hunter  fund.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican.  Shortly  before  his  death  he  built  the 
Hotel  Deshler  upon  the  site  of  his  birthplace.  Of 
an  exceptionally  hospitable  nature,  in  earlier  years 
he  entertained  generously  and  much,  and  he  and 
members  of  his  family  occupied  the  highest  place 
in  the  social  life  of  his  city.  He  was  married  (1) 
in  1850,  to  Olive,  daughter  of  Samuel  Clark  of 
Montpelier,  Vermont.  She  died  three  months  later, 
and  he  was  married  (2)  Mar.,  1-S52,  to  Ann  Eliza, 
daughter  of  Nicholas  Sinks,  a  merchant  of  Wil- 
liamsburg,  0.;  she  died  in  1S69,  leaving  one  son, 
John  G.,  and  two  daughters,  Kate,  who  married 
Charles  0.  Hunter,  and  Mary,  who  married  Ran- 
dolph S.  Warner.  He  was  married  (3)  in  1871, 
to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr.  I.  G.  Jones  of 
Columbus,  0.,  and  by  this  union  had  three  daugh- 
ters: Elizabeth  D.,  who  married  Daniel  H.  Sowers; 
Louise  D.,  who  married  Rensselaer  Cox,  and  Helen 
D.,  who  married  Charles  E.  Brown.  Mr.  Deshler 
died  in  Columbus,  O.,  Feb.  16,  1916. 

COWL,  Jane,  actress,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Dec.  14,  1889.  She  began  her  stage  career 
at  Belasco  's  Theatre,  New  York,  with  Henrietta 
Crossman  in  "Sweet  Kitty  Bellairs. "  Her  part 
•was  small,  but  both  Mr.  Belasco  and  the  late 
Charles  Klein,  who  collaborated  in  the  production 
of  the  piece,  remarked  the  earnestness  with  which 
she  entered  into  her  work.  Miss  Cowl's  next  ap- 
pearances were  as  Octavie  in  the  original  produc- 
tion of  "  The  Music  Master  ",  with  David  War- 
field,  and  as  Trinidad  in  "  The  Rose  of  the 
Rancho  ' ',  with  Frances  Starr.  While  these  parts 
allowed  little  scope  for  the  expression  of  any  un- 
common histrionic  gift,  Miss  Cowl,  who  is  reputed 
to  be  one  of  the  most  beautiful  women  on  the 
American  stage,  was  at  least  able  to  convince  both 
audiences  and  critics  that  her  endowment  went 
much  beyond  mere  physical  advantages.  It  is  her 
particular  complaint  that,  once  a  stage  career  has 
been  launched,  beauty  is  rather  a  hindrance  than 
a  help.  Be  that  as  it  may,  Miss  Cowl  does  realize 
the  power  and  extent  of  physical  charm,  firmly  be- 
lieving in  an  actress  retiring  from  the  stage  before 
the  autumn  of  her  career  has  set — allowing,  of 
course,  for  individual  preferment.  She  played 
brief  special  engagements  in  the  leading  roles  in 
"  The  Christian  ",  "  Merely  Mary  Ann  ",  "  Her 
Own  Way  ",  "  Paid  in  Full  "  '"'  Mrs.  Temple's 
Telegram".  She  was  leading  woman  in  "Is 
Matrimony  a  Failure  ",  "  The  Upstarts",  and 
"  The  Gamblers  ".  Then  came  her  height,  of  suc- 
cess, as  Mary  Turner  in  Bayard  Tiller's  "  Within 
the  Law  "/first  produced  Sept.  11,  1912,  at  the 
Eltinge  Theatre,  New  York.  While  this  play  was 
at  the  beginning  of  its  run,  Miss  Cowl,  foreseeing 
the  obvious  popularity  of  the  piece,  determined 
that  her  woik  should  not  suffer  through  being 
bound  too  long  in  one  part,  signed  contracts  for 


392 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


other  plays.  During  the  1915-16  season  she  played 
in  "Common  Clay"  at  the  .Republic  Theatre, 
New  York,  as  a  co-star  with  John  Mason.  In  1916- 
17  she  appeared  as  a  star  at  the  Republic  Theatre, 
New  York,  in  "  Lilac  Time,"  written  by  herself  and 
Jane  Murfin,  and  in  the  role  of  Jeanuine,  a 
French  girl,  in  this  play  of  her  own  writing,  she 
scored,  possibly,  her  greatest  success  to  date.  Miss 
Cowl  is  also  author  with  Miss  Murfin,  of  "  Day- 
break ",  produced  in  New  York  in  1917,  and 
"  Information,  Please  ",  brought  out  in  1918,  the 
latter  revealing  new  abilities  as  a  comedy  actress. 
She  was  married  to  Adolph  Klauber,  a  dramatic 
critic. 

DYER,  Elisha,  Jr.,  banker,  was  born  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  Oct.  2:i,  1862,  son  of  Elisha  (q.v.) 
and  Anthony  (Viall)  Dyer.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  was  William  Dyer,  who  came 
from  England  in  Hi.';.1)  and  settled  in  Boston. 
From  him  and  his  wife  Mary  the  line  of  desrent 
is  traced  through  their  son  John  and  his  wife 
Freelove  Williams;  their  son  Elisha  and  his  wife 
Frances  Jones,  to  their  son  Elisha  Dyer  (q.v.)  and 
his  wife  Anna  Jones  Hoppin,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Elisha  Dyer,  ,)r.  His  paternal  grand- 
father was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  during  1857- 
59,  and  his  father  was  chief  executive  of  the  state 
during  1897-1900.  Elisha  Dyer,  Jr.,  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  St.  Paul's  School,  Con- 
cord, N.  H.  He  was  graduated  at  Brown  Univer- 
sity in  1883  with  the  degree  A.B.,  and  at  Columbia 
Law  School  in  1885  with  the  degree  LL.B.  In  the 
latter  year  Brown  gave  him  the  degree  A.M.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  both 
Rhode  Island  and  New  York.  After  a  practice  of 
two  years  he  entered  the  New  York  banking  house 
of  Lailenburg,  Thalman  &  Co.,  remaining  with  the 
firm  until  l^'.io.  He  then  became  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad  Co. 
In  1898  he  joined  the  firm  of  Ulmau  Bros.,  bank- 
ers and  brokers,  New  York,  with  branch  offices  at 
Newport,  Xarragansett  Pier  and  elsewhere,  and  of 
which  firm,  now  Ulman  &  Co.,  he  was  a  member 
until  his  death,  managing  during  the  summer  sea- 
son the  interests  of  the  business  at  Newport.  At 
one  time  he  was  president  of  the  Pupp  Compressed 
Air  &  Electric  Power  Co.,  and  a  director  in  the 
Sea  Side  &  Brooklyn  Bridge  Elevated  Railroad 
Co.  His  Newport  residence  was  "Wayside,"'  in 
Bellevue  avenue,  and  his  winter  seasons  were 
passed  in  New  York.  He  was  one  of  the  best 
known  men  in  the  society  of  Newport  and  New 
York,  and  was  celebrated  as  a  leader  of  cotillons. 
For  many  years  he  led  the  dancing  at  the  annual 
ball  given  by  Mrs.  William  Astor.  Both  in  society 
and  in  the  world  of  affairs  his  genial  friendliness 
and  his  charm  of  manner  won  him  many  friends. 
His  personality  was  unique  and  lovable,  and  in 
every  relation  which  brought  him  into  association 
with'  his  fellows  he  exhibited  those  rare  qualities 
of  intellectual  poise,  depth,  generosity  and  tran- 
quillity, coupled  with  wide  knowledge  oi'  people  and 
affairs  which  rendered  his  connsei  so  valuable  and 
his  companionship  so  delightful.  For  years  the 
Saturday  dinners  given  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dyer  at 
''Wayside"  were  pleasing  features  of  a  Newport 
summer.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  golf, 
and  at  one  time  played  an  excellent  game  of  ten- 
nis. He  wns  a  member  of  the  Union  Society  of 
Civil  War,  Brown  University  Alumni  Association, 
Maryland  Club,  Baltimore ;  Automobile  of 
America,  New  York  Yacht,  Knickerbocker,  Union, 
Manhattan,  Brook,  Country  and  other  clubs,  New 
York  city:  Sleepy  Hollow  Country  Club,  Scar- 
borough; Reading  Room,  Casino,  Golf,  and  Clam 


Bake  clubs,  Newport,  and  of  various  clubs  in 
Providence,  also  of  the  Turf  &  Field  Club,  New 
York.  He  was  married  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  Nov.  5, 
1891,  to  Sidney  (Turner)  Swan,  daughter  of  Wm. 
F.  Turner,  of  Virginia,  who  survives  him.  He 
died  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  June  2,  1917. 

YOUNG,  Walter  Dickson,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25,  1855,  son  of  George 
and  Annie  (McCormick)  Young.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Scotland,  was  a  merchant  in  Albany,  and 
removing  to  Bay  City,  Mich.,  in  1870  became  presi- 
dent of  the  Bay  City  Bank.  The  son,  after  a  high 
school  education  became  a  messenger  in  the  service 
of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  and  then 
for  five  years  was  clerk  in  the  Bay  City  Bank. 
Becoming  interested  in  the  lumber  business,  he 
established  the  firm  of  W.  D.  Young  &  Co.,  of 
which  he  was  president  and  sole  owner  in  1893. 
The  hardwood  flooring  factory  is  the  largest  in 
the  United  States.  lie  also  became  interested  in 
the  International  Mill  &  Timber  Co.,  which  builds 
Sterling  Readi-cut  houses,  was  president  of  the 
Island  Lumber  Co.,  and  the  German-American 
Sugar  Co.,  and  vice-president  of  the  Bay  City 
Bank.  He  had  large  lumbering  operations  in  Ot- 
sego  county,  Mich.  In  1913  he  organized  at  Bay 
City  the  Young  Cattle  \-  Packing  Co.,  of  which 
he  was  president.  This  concern  purchased  eleven 
hundred  acres  of  laud  in  Bangor  township,  diked 
and  drained  the  property  and  erected  barns  and 
feeding  sheds.  He  built  the  Young  Building,  Bay 
City,  to  house  the  offices  of  his  various  local  com- 
panies as  well  as  a  branch  of  the  Bay  City  Bank. 
He  was  a  large  owner  of  real  estate;  was  inter- 
ested in  the  Wenonah  Hotel  Co.,  and  in  many 
commercial,  industrial  and  financial  undertakings 
outside  of  Bay  City,  among  them  many  Chicago 
banks.  He  employed  chemists  and  photographers 
to  carry  on  a  long  series  of  experiments  in  natural 
color  photography  throughout  a  period  of  approx- 
imately ten  years.  Immediately  prior  to  his  death 
he  was  arranging  to  demonstrate  in  Chicago  and 
other  cities  the  fruits  of  his  untiring  efforts.  He 
was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  His  polifical  affiliation 
was  with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Trinity  Episcopal  Church.  He 
hail  great  business  acumen  ami  marked  executive 
and  initiative  ability.  He  was  twice  married  (I), 
in  1878,  to  Florence  Ella  Blanchett,  of  Bay  City; 
there  was  one  child  of  this  union,  Fanny,  who 
married  William  L.  Bishop,  of  Dundee,  Ore.  His 
first  wife  died  May  15,  1887,  and  he  was  married 
(II)  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  George  II.  Ambrose, 
a  pioneer  lumberman  of  Chicago.  She  survived 
him  with  three  children:  Florence  Ambrose,  who 
married  Roy  S.  l!ichardson ;  Walter  Dickson,  and 
Francis  L.  Young.  He  died  at  Bay  City,  Mich., 
Dec.  2:;,  1916. 

SHERWOOD,  Rosina  Emmet,  artist,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  Dec.  13,  1854,  daughter  of  Will- 
iam J.  and  Julia  Colt  (Pierson)  Emmet,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Judge  Robert  Emmet,  of  New  York. 
Having  developed  a  talent  for  art.  she  became  the 
pupil  of  William  M.  Chase  in  1878,  and  worked 
in  his  studio  for  two  years.  It  was  during  this 
period  that  she  received  a  prize  of  $1,000  offered 
by  Louis  Prang  for  the  best  design  for  a  Christ- 
mas card.  She  also  published  a  book  for  children, 
"Pretty  Peggy  and  Other  Ballads"  (IS — ),  which 
Bhe  illustrated  in  color,  and  which  had  a  large  sale, 
both  in  this  country  and  in  England.  In  1884  she 
studied  for  six  months  in  the  Academy  Julian, 
Paris.  She  has  made  numerous  illustrations  and 
cover  designs,  principally  for  Harper  &  Bros.  She 
received  a  silver  medal  at  the  Paris  Exposition  of 


ELISHA  DYER,   JR. 


WILLIAM   TEXXINGS  DAVIS 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


393 


18S9,  and  since  that  time  has  linen  n  regular  con- 
tributor to  the  leading  art  exhibitions.  She  was 
represented  at  the  Columbia  Exposition  by  three 
water  colors:  "September,"  lent  by  the  Boston  Art 
Club;  "In  the  Orchard."  and  "'Sunlight  in  the 
Orchard,"  and  she  painted  one  of  the  large  deco- 
rations in  the  Woman's  Art  Building,  besides 
many  pictures  in  oil,  water  color  and  pastel.  She 
was  awarded  a  medal  at  the  Columbian  Exposition. 
Chicago,  in  1893,  two  bronze  medals  at  the  Pan- 
American  Exposition,  Buffalo,  in  1902,  and  a  silver 
medal  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition  in  1906.  She  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Artists  Society,  New 
York  Water  Color  Club,  and  the  American  Water 
Color  Society,  and  is  an  associate  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design.  She  was  married  June  1, 
1887,  to  Arthur  Murray  Sherwood,  of  New  York 
city,  and  has  five  children:  Arthur  Murray,  Jr., 
Cynthia,  wife  of  James  H.  Townsend,  Philip  Hyde. 
Robert  Emmet,  and  Rosamond  Sherwood. 

DAVIS,    William    Jennings,    banker,    cotton 
factor,    planter   and   stock-raiser,    was    born    near 
Oakley,    Hinds   co.,   Miss.,   Feb.    16,    1853,   son  of 
John  and  Mary  (Jennings)  Davis.    His  father  was 
a  planter.     Bereft,  when  but   eight  years  old,  of 
his  parents  and  deprived  of  his  inheritance  by  the 
stern  exactions  of  the  war,  William  Jennings  Davis 
began   his   conquest   of  life  and  its  opportunities 
when  little  more  than  a  lad.     The  years  immedi- 
ately  following  the  Civil   war   were"  full  of   trial 
and  distress  for  the  South;  and  it  was  under  the 
stern  discipline  of  this  period  that  he  gathered  the 
strength  for  his  later  accomplishments.     He  went 
to   school  when   he  could  and   availed   himself   of 
every  opportunity  to  earn  the  means  of  existence. 
He   was   never   d'owncast,   but   always   resolute   to 
conquer  fortune  and  justify  his  name  and  inherit- 
ance.   Before  he  was  twenty  he  engaged  in  buying 
cattle  and  driving  them  to  the  Vicksburg  market, 
returning  with  a  stock  of  horses  and   mules  for 
sales  among  the  planters.     In  1.873,  he  established 
a  mercantile  business  at  Terry,  Hinds  co..  which  is 
still   conducted   under   the   name   of  J.   W.   Gran- 
tham  &  Co.     About  this  time  he  saw  new  oppor- 
tunities  for  his  endeavor,  first  in   truck   growing 
in  Mississippi,  and  incidental  thereto  he  established 
the  Terry  Manufacturing  Co.,  for  the  manufacture 
of  fruit  and  vegetable  packages;   the  product  of 
this  concern  was  shipped  in  carload  lots  to  every 
part  of  the  CTnited  States.    At  the  former  home  of 
Gov.   Brown   he  began  the  breeding  of   registered 
Jersey  cattle,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  this  direction, 
in  Missi?sippi.    In  1895  he  undertook  the  breeding 
of  beef  cattle  on  the  same  place,  adopting  the  best 
strains  of  Aberdeen  Angus  and  other  high  grades 
for   this  purpose.      At   his   death   more   than   600 
head   of  splendid  beef  cattle   grazed   in   the  pas- 
tures of  the  plantation.     He  settled  at  Jackson  in 
1904  and  engaged  as  a  cotton  factor,  in  which  he 
met  with  unique  success.     He  was  a  director  in  the 
Downing-Locke    Co.,    Jackson    Fertilizer    Co.,    Mc- 
Clelan  Hardware  Co.,  and  several  banks.     In  1914 
he  was  summoned  U>  be  a  director  from  Mississippi 
of  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank.     He  established,  in 
1 '.'li i.  the  Le  Vernet  Farm,  near  Jackson,  for  the 
breeding  of  pure  blooded  .Hereford  cattle.     He  did 
much   fo   gain   fame    for   Mississippi    as   a   cattle- 
raising  state,  demonstrating  that  the  state  is  cap- 
able  of    raising    the    best.      In    1913    his    "Point 
Comfort"  von  the  award  in  a  world  competition, 
in  Chicago.     As  a  citizen  he  was  distinguished  by 
the    qualities    that    are    inseparably    linked    with 
acknowledged  leadership.     The  sentiment  engraved 
on  the  memorial  erected  in  his  honor  at  Jackson, 
Miss.     "The  man  who  led  where  others  groped" 


—gives  fitting  expression  to  the  important  place  he 
filled  in  the  life  of  his  state.  His  political  affilia- 
tion was  with  the  Democratic  partv,  and  he  was  a 
communicant  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Jackson. 
He  was  married,  Nov.  25,  1S75,  to  Texie,  daughter 
of  John  Terrell,  a  merchant,  of  Walnut  Ridge, 
Ark.;  s?he  survives  him,  with  two  children:  La 
Perle,  who  became  the  wife  of  Laurie  M.  Gaddis, 
Jackson,  and  Vernon  T.  Davis,  who  succeeded  to 
the  management  of  La  Vernet  Stock  Farm,  and 
other  of  his  father's  interests.  He  died  at  Jack- 
son, Miss.,  June  9,  1916. 

BRADLEY,  Edward  Elias,  manufacturer,  and 
public    official,   was   born   at    New    Haven,    Conn., 
Jan.  5,  1845,  son  of  Isaac  and  Abigail  (Knowles) 
Bradley.     The  earliest   member  of  the   family   in 
America   was   William    Bradley,   who    came    from 
Bingley,  Yorkshire,  England,  settled  first  at  Bran- 
ford   and   then   at  Guilford,    Conn.,   and  in   1644 
settled  at  New  Haven.     Later  he  lived  in  North 
Haven  where  he  had  large  landed  interests.     Ac- 
cording to  Thorpe's  "History  of  North  Haven," 
he  was  the  first  land  owner  in  the  village.     From 
him  and  his  wife,  Alice  Prichard,  the  line  is  traced 
through  their  son  Abraham  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Thompson:  their  son  Abraham  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Wilmot ;     their    son     Isaac    and     his     wife    Lois 
(Bishop)  Lewis;  and  their  son  Lewis  and  his  wife 
Lydia  Woodin,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  our 
subject.      Isaac   Bradley    (4)    fought   in   the   war 
of  the  revolution,  and  his  grandson,  Isaac  Brad- 
ley, was  a  minute-man  in  the  war  of  1812.     Our 
subject,  Edward  Elias  Bradley,  received  his  educa- 
tion in  public  and  private  schools,  and  began  his 
business  career  in  I860  as  a  shipping  clerk  with 
the  New   Haven  Wheel   Co.     Five  years  later  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Lawrence.  Bradley  &  Pardee, 
then   the   largest   carriage  manufacturers   in   Con- 
necticut,  and   later   became  connected   with  John 
English  &  Co.     In  1865  he  returned  to  the  New 
Haven  Wheel  Co.     The  stock  of  the  company  was 
bought  by  our  subject,  William  H.  Bradley,  Wil- 
liam  and   Henry   G.    Lewis,    and    Frederick    Ives. 
Edward  E.  Bradley  became  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  company   in   1S66.     The  company's  trade 
expanded  to  very  large  proportions  both  in  Amer- 
ica and  abroad.     In  1887,  Mr.  Bradley,  who  had 
been  general  manager  of  the  company  for  several 
years,  became  its  president  and  he  still   retained 
that  office,  though  he  retired  from  active  partici- 
pation in  the  business  in  1904.     He  had  also  been 
president    of    the    Boston    Buekboard    &    Carriage 
Co.,    the    News    Publishing    Co.,    the    Charles    W. 
Scranton  Co.,  of  New  Haven,  and  the  New  Eng- 
land Dairy  Co.,  director  New  Haven  County  Na- 
tional Bank,  and  of  the  Red  River  Valley  Co.     He 
was    president    of    the    New    Haven    Chamber    of 
Commerce  from  1901  to  1903,  and  long  a  member 
of  its  executive  committee.     In  1876,  he  removed 
to  West  Haven,   and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  burgesses  and  on  the  Union  School  Dis- 
trict committee.     In  1882  he  represented  the  town 
of   Orange    in    the    General    Assembly,    being   the 
first  Democrat  elected  from  that  constituency  for 
more   than   a    generation.      He   was    re-elected   in 
1883.      In   the    latter   session    he    introduced   and 
ably  advocated   the  constitutional  amendment  for 
biennial    sessions    of    the    legislature    which    was 
finally    adopted.      In    1885,   he   was   elected    state 
senator.      In    1886    he  was   the   candidate   of   the 
Democratic    party   for   lieutenant-governor   of  the 
state,  receiving  nearly   two   thousand   votes   more 
than   his   leading   opponent,   but   as  that   did  not 
make   the   necessary    constitutional   majority,    the 
election   was   thrown  into    the   general   assembly, 


394 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


which  being  Republican,  seated  the  Republican 
candidate.  He  was  commissioner  of  parks  in  New 
Haven  from  1S8S  to  1901,  and  from  1910  to  1913 
was  president  of  the  Connecticut  State  Park  Com- 
mission. He  was  for  six  years  a  member  of  the 
state  park  commission  created  by  act  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly  of  1913,  and  was  its  president.  He 
was  a  consistent  Democrat  until  the  free  silver 
split  of  1896,  when  he  joined  the  gold  wing  of 
the  party  and  was  nominated  by  it  for  mayor 
of  New  Haven.  Thereafter  he  was  an  Indepen- 
dent. He  joined  the  New  Haven  Grays  as  a  pri- 
vate in  1861,  and  rose  to  colonelcy  of  the  Second 
regiment  in  1S69.  He  was  paymaster-general  of 
the  Connecticut  National  Guard  from  1876  to 
1878,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  state 
adjutant-general  from  1893  to  1895.  He  was 
president  of  the  New  Haven  Grays'  Association 
and  president  of  its  Centennial  Celebration  Com- 
mittee for  the  100th  anniversary  in  1916;  president 
of  the  Governor's  Staff  Association  of  Connecti- 
cut during  1903-11;  president  of  the  Defenders' 
Monument  Association;  president  of  the  New 
Haven  Donation  Day  Association;  president  of 
the  Young  Men's  Institute;  director  of  the  Organ- 
ized Charities  Association  and  the  New  Haven 
Colony  Historical  Society;  member  Connecticut 
Civil  Service  Reform  Association,  Civic  Federation 
of  New  Haven ;  member,  board  of  managers,  of 
the  Connecticut  Society;  member,  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution,  and  historian  for  two  terms; 
and  president  of  the  General  David  Humphreys 
Branch,  No.  1,  Connecticut  Society  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution;  for  twenty-four  years  dele- 
gate and  six  years  alternate  delegate  to  the  Dioc- 
esan Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Con- 
necticut;  director  of  St.  Paul's  Missionary  and 
Benevolent  Society  for  thirty-one  years;  trustee 
of  the  Kpiscop.il  Academy  of  Connecticut,  at  Chesh- 
ire: director  of  the  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Diocese  of  Connecticut,  and  for  thirty-four  years 
vestryman  of  St.  Paul's  church,  New  Haven.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  New 
Haven  Country  Club,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Army  ami  Navy  club  of  New  York.  Gen.  Brad- 
ley was  married  at  New  Haven,  Apr.  26,  1871,  to 
Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Kimberly, 
of  West  Haven,  Conn.;  the  living  children  of  this 
union  are:  Bertha  Kimberly,  who  married  Edward 
Nathaniel  Loomis  of  South  Orange,  N.  J.,  and 
Mabel  Louisa  Bradley,  who  married  George 
Blumer,  dean  of  the  medical  school  of  Yale  Uni- 
versity. He  died  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Jan.  21, 
1917." 

GfRAHAM,  William  Montrose.  soldier,  was 
born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Sept.  28,  1834,  son 
of  James  Duncan  (q.v.)  and  Charlotte  Hustler 
(Meade)  Graham.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  John  Graham,  who  mine  from  Muck- 
enston,  Perthshire,  North  Britain,  early  in  the  l^th 
century,  and  settled  at  Dumfries,  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.  He  was  son  of  John,  who  was  nearly 
related  to  Graham  of  Garthur  and  Archill;  his 
wife  was  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Graham  of 
Killearn,  Sterling,  heir  at  law  to  the  estate  in 
Scotland  of  the  Duke  of  Montrose,  provided  the 
Duke  left  no  issue.  John  and  Margaret  had  nine- 
teen children,  the  line  of  descent  being  through 
their  son  John  and  his  2d  wife  Elizabeth  Cocke,  to 
their  son  William  Graham  and  his  wife  Mary 
Campbell,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  William 
Montrose  Graham.  On  the  maternal  side  the  sub- 
ject was  a  grandson  of  Richard  Worsam  Meade 
(q.v.  "i  and  nephew  of  George  Gordon  Meade 
(q.v.),  major-general,  U.  S.  Army.  James  Duncan 


Graham,   father   of   the   subject   and   a   native   of 
Prince  William  county,  Ya.,  was  graduated  at  the 
V.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  in  1S17;  rose 
to  the  grade  of  colonel  of  engineers,  and  in  1847 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  ' '  for  valuable  and 
highly    distinguished   service,     particularly   on    the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the 
provinces  of  Canada  and  New  Brunswick. ' '     This 
line  he  was  detailed,  as  astronomer,  to  determine 
according  to   the  provisions   of  the  Webster-Ash- 
bnrtou     Treaty.       Later     he     surveyed     also     the 
boundary  between  Texas  and  Mexico.     He  was  a 
member   of   the   Society   of  the  Cincinnati   and  a 
corresponding  member  of  various  scientific  societies 
in  Europe.    William  Montrose  Graham  received  his 
education  at  Miss  Mercer's  school,  Belmont,  Ya. ; 
Hallowell's   Academy,   Alexandria,   Ya.;    Mr.   Ab- 
bott's School,  Mt.  St.  Albans,  Washington,  D.  C., 
and     Bolman     Academy,     Westchester,     Pa.       In 
1853   he   served   as   astronomer   in   the  expedition 
of  Gov.  Isaac  Stevens  (q.v.)   to  the  Pacific  coast. 
In    1855    he   was    commissioned    2d    lieutenant    in 
the   1st  TJ.   8.   Artillery,   and  served   in   the   Ever- 
glades of  Florida  against  the  Seminoles.     During 
1856-61   he  was  on  the   Rio  Grande  frontier,   be- 
tween San  Antonio  and  Ft.  Clark,  and  during  1859- 
60  commanded  Co.  M,  1st  Artillery,  against  Mexi- 
can   bandits    under   Juan    Cortina.      He   was   men- 
tioned in  terms  of  commendation  in  general  orders 
by  Maj.-Gen.  Winfield  Scott    (q.v.).     Throughout 
this   period   he   was   at   times   engaged   in   Indian 
scouting  in  Texas.     At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant   and  later  in 
1S61,   captain,    and    assigned    to    command    Light 
Battery  K,   1st  Artillery,  which  was  attached  to 
McClellan's   army,   participating   at   the   siege   of 
Yorktown  and  in  the  campaign  on  the  Peninsula. 
Of  his  conduct  at  2d  Bull  Run,  Gen.  Philip  Kearuy 
(q.v.),  who  commanded  the  division  to  which  this 
battery  was  attached,  said:     "Capt.  Graham,  1st 
U.  S.  Artillery,  put   at  Gen.  Siegel's  disposal,  as 
repeatedly  drove  the  enemy  back  into   the  woods 
as  the  giving  way  of  the  infantry  left  the  front 
unobstructed.      His   practice  was   beautifully   cor- 
rect  and    proved    irresistible.      On    the    31st,    not 
being   required   on   the   right,  he  was  sent  to  the 
extreme  left,  and  rendered  important  services  with 
Gen.   Reno,  firing   until   late   in   the  night."     Of 
this  action  Gen.  Fitz-John  Porter  (q.v.)  wrote  of 
him    in    flattering    manner.      Immediately    after- 
wards he  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Chantilly,  and 
later    fought   at   South    Mountain.     His   service   at 
Antietam   was   highly   commended   by   McClellan; 
and  Hunt,  Chief  of  Artillery,  said  in  his  report  of 
that   sanguinary   conflict:    ''In   the   course    of  the 
afternoon  (September  17,  1862)  a  rifled  battery  of 
the   reserve    artillery    was    asked    for   by    General 
Hancock,   who   succeeded    General    Richardson   in 
command    of    his    division    when    the    latter    was 
wounded.    There  was  none   disposable   ....   but 
Graham  's  light  12  's  were  sent  instead.     This  bat- 
tery was  placed  in  position  under  difficult  circum- 
stances and  beautifully  handled  by  Capt.  Graham 
under  a   severe  fire,   in  which   l.e  lost  heavily  in 
men  and  horses.     Col.  Hays,  under  wlm-f  observa- 
tion  the   service   was   rendered,   has   recommended 
Capt.  Graham  for  a  brevet,  in  which  I  concur." 
He  was  engaged  at  Fredericksburg  and   Chancel- 
lorsville,  and  meanwhile  had  organized  Light  Bat- 
tery N,  as  a  horse  battery,  and  commanded  it  with 
the  cavalry  corps  at  Beverly 's  Ford  and  on  the 
march    of '  Buford  's    division    to    Gettysburg.     In 
his  report  following  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Gen. 
Merritt   said:      "Battery  K,   1st   U.   S.   Artillery 
(Capt.   Graham),  did  excellent  service  during  all 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


this  season.  It  was  directed  with  skill  by  its  ac- 
complished soldierly  commander.  It  was  disabled 
during  the  firing,  but  all  the  guns  were  brought 
away,  and  the  battery  is  in  good  repair."  At 
Wiliiamsport  (Md.)  the  battery  was  hotly  en- 
gaged, and  Buford  reported  that  Capt.  Graham 
displayed  great  unwillingness  to  fall  back,  requir- 
ing repeated  orders  before  he  did  so.  He  next 
fought  at  Boonsboro,  and  later  at  Brandy  Station, 
where  General  Pleasanton  characterized  his  ser- 
vices as  ' '  distinguished. ' '  In  August,  1863,  he 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  2d  brigade 
of  Horse  Artillery,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  consist- 
ing of  six  horse  batteries,  34  guns.  This  brigade 
figured  conspicuously  at  Centerville,  Bristow  Sta- 
tion, in  the  line  of  the  Rapidan,  and  accompanied 
the  movement  to  Mine  Run.  About  this  time 
Meade  said  of  him:  ''He  is  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  officers  in  our  regular  artillery,  and 
has  served  with  prominent  distinction  throughout 
the  war,  particularly  with  the  cavalry.  I  have 
strongly  urged  upon  the  Government  his  appoint- 
ment as  brigadier-general. ' '  For  three  months  in 
1864  he  was  on  sick  leave  because  of  injuries, 
and  was  then  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  at 
Concord,  N.  H.,  until  February,  1S65,  when  he 
was  sent  to  join  Sheridan's  command.  In  April 
Pres.  Lincoln  appointed  him  colonel  of  the  2d 
District  of  Columbia  Volunteers,  and  he  was  not 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  until  Sep- 
tember. He  was  brevetted  major,  July  1,  1862, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  during  the 
Peninsular  campaign  in  Virginia;  lieut.  colonel, 
September  17,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
service  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.;  colonel, 
July  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service 
in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.;  and  brigadier- 
general.  Mar.  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
service  in  the  field  during  the  war. — War  Dc[nin 
ment  Records.  After  the  war  he  rejoined  light 
battery  K.  He  was  promoted  major,  4th  artillery 
in  1*79;  lieutenant-colonel,  1st  artillery,  1*.*7; 
colonel,  5th  artillery,  1S91;  and  brigadier-general 
in  1*97,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  department  of  Texas.  During  the  rail- 
road strikes  of  1*04  he  had  charge  between  Sac- 
ramento, Cal  ,  and  Truckee,  Nev.,  a  section  over- 
run by  the  lawless  element,  and  his  skill  and 
firmness  in  handling  this  delicate  situation  had 
nnich  to  do  with  his  subsequent  promotion, 
which  was  the  first  recognition  of  the  artillery 
in  the  selection  of  general  officers  since  the  civil 
war.  It  was  only  his  pre-eminent  right  to 
advancement  that  overcame  the  discrimination 
against  this  branch.  In  189*,  when  war  with  Spain 
was  imminent,  he  was  given  the  task  of  organizing 
the  department  of  the  Gulf.  In  May  of  that  year 
he  was  appointed  major-general  of  volunteers,  and 
as  such  assumed  command  and  organized  the  2d 
Army  Corps.  In  September  he  was  placed  on  the 
army  retired  list  for  age,  but  was  retained  in  the 
volunteer  service  by  direction  of  the  president.  An 
attack  of  typhoid  incapacitated  him  for  further 
service,  and  he  was  honorably  discharged  in  Novem- 
ber. By  act  of  Congress.  Slar.  4,  1915,  the  presi- 
dent was  authorized  to  appoint  certain  retired  army 
officers,  including  Gen.  Graham,  as  major-generals 
on  the  retired  list.  His  commission  was  signed  and 
delivered  to  him  a  few  days  before  his  death.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  1st  Artillery  Officers  Mess,  Aztec  Club  of 
1*47,  Army  &  Navy  ( 'Inb,  Metropolitan  Club,  Wash- 
ington, D.'  ('.,  Pacific  Union  Club,  San  Francisco, 
and  San  Antonio  Club,  San  Antonio,  Texas.  He 
was  devoted  to  the  study  of  his  profession,  and  in 


his  leisure  hours  this,  more  than  anything  else, 
was  his  pastime,  though  he  was  fond  of  riding. 
He  was  unswerving  in  adherence  to  duty;  scrupu- 
lously exacting  in  what  he  required  of  subordinates, 
but  more  exacting  in  what  he  required  of  himself, 
and  thoroughly  loyal  to  his  superiors.  He  was 
quirk  in  action,  an  able  administrator  and  discip- 
linarian, having  high  ideals  of  professional  effi- 
ciency and  making  his  posts  models  of  cleanliness 
and  order.  He  possessed  an  extremely  high  sense 
of  honor,  abhorring  the  slightest  suggestion  of  de- 
ception. A  true  Virginian  in  his  courtesy  he  was 
known  for  his  fine  sense  of  chivalry.  He  married 
at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  Sept.  4,  1860,  Mary 
Brewerton  Ricketts,  daughter  of  Maj.-Geii.  .lames 
Brewerton  Ricketts,  U.  S.  A.  She  survives  him, 
with  five  children :  Mary  Rieketts,  wife  of  Rear 
Admiral  Guy  H.  Burrage,  U.  S.  N.;  Meeta  Camp- 
bell, wife  of  I'rnf.  Carroll  S.  Alden,  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  English,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy;  Harriet 
1'ieive,  wife  of  Rear  Adm.  Archibald  H.  Scales, 
U.  S.  N. ;  James  Malcolm,  colonel.  General  Staff, 
I'.  S.  A.;  and  William  Montrose  Graham,  formerly 
lieutenant  12th  cavalry,  U.  S.  A.  He  died  at 
Annapolis,  Md.,  Jan.  16,  1916,  and  was  buried  with 
military  honors  in  the  Congressional  Cemetery, 
Washington,  I).  C. 

WORTHINGTON,  John,  civil  and  mining  en- 
i; nicer,  coal  operator,  and  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  South  Wales,  Mar.  14,  1*48,  son  of  Edward 
and  Ann  (Rees)  Worthington,  and  came  with 
them  to  America  in  1852,  settling  at  Brady's  Bend, 
Pa.,  where  his  father  was  employed  by  the  Brady  's 
Jlend  Iron  Co.  John  Worthington  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  place.  He 
began  his  wage-earning  career  with  the  company 
with  which  his  father  was  connected,  rising  step 
by  step  and  eventually  holding  the  positions  of 
civil  and  mining  engineer.  This  was  the  time 
when  oil  developments  were  making  their  way 
down  the  Allegheny  river,  and  the  local  iron  com- 
pany became  interested  in  the  possibilities  of  their 
lands  in  that  region.  Accordingly,  in  1*72,  they 
dispatched  him  to  Oil  City,  with  instructions  to 
run  a  line  of  levels  from  that  place  to  Brady 's 
Bend,  taking  in  on  the  way  the  considerable  in- 
tervening amount  of  oil  development.  Somewhat 
later  the  work  was  extended  from  Brady's  Bend 
to  the  newly  developed  oil  fields  in  Butler  county. 
The  object  was  to  secure  conclusive  evidence  that 
the  sand  from  which  the  oil  was  produced  at 
Brady's  Bend  and  on  Armstrong  run  was  eighty 
feet  below  the  formation  from  which  the  Butler 
county  wells  procured  their  oil,  and  that  the  latter 
were  getting  their  oil  from  the  third  sand  of  the 
Oil  creek  region.  He  clearly  demonstrated  the  fact 
that  there  was  a  fourth  sand  in  the  district.  It  was 
a  noteworthy  achievement,  immediately  and  per- 
manently fixing  the  place  of  the  young  engineer  in 
the  history  of  the  oil  industry  in  Pennsylvania. 
Had  this  knowledge  been  acted  upon  at  once  the 
famous  fourth  sand  belt  from  Armstrong  run  to 
Greece  City  would  have  been  developed  some  time 
before  its  accidental  discovery.  In  1872  he  be- 
came superintendent  of  the  Meclimans  Farm  Oil 
Co.,  and  when  this  concern  dispose'!  of  its  holdings, 
he  became  cashier  for  the  Parker  's  Landing  Sav- 
ings Bank.  In  1880,  however,  chiefly  because  of 
impaired  health,  he  settled  in  San  Juan  county, 
Colo.,  and  there  engaged  in  mining  operations.  He 
bought  an  interest  in  and  was  superintendent  of 
the  Silver  Link  Mining  Co.  He  was  chosen  mayor 
of  Ouray,  Colo.,  and  in  that  capacity  rid  the  town 
of  gamblers.  After  six  years  he  returned  to  the 
region  of  his  erstwhile  successes.  For  two  years 


39C 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


he  was  engaged  in  the  brokerage  business.  He 
then,  in  association  with  William  Thompson,  a 
director  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  organ- 
ized the  Nineveh  Petroleum  Co.,  becoming  its  first 
manager.  Back  again  in  his  old  field  he  rapidly 
assumed  the  commanding  position  to  which  his  long 
experience,  practical  knowledge  and  sound  busi- 
ness judgment  entitled  him.  In  1889  he  was  chosen 
superintendent  of  the  newly  organized  South  Penn 
Oil  Co.  Under  his  capable  administration  the 
concern  participated  in  the  development  of  the 
immense  oil  and  gas  resources  of  West  Virginia. 
Later  he  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  geologist 
of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.,  a  position  he  retained 
until  his  death.  In  this  rapacity  he  travelled  ex- 
tensively, representing  the  great  corporation  in 
their  different  territories  and  prospecting  for  new 
oil  fields.  In  thus  dcvi'lnping  a  great  industry 
he  encountered  many  adventures.  He  was  in  every 
state  and  territory  of  the  United  States,  in  Can- 
ada and  Alaska,  made  sixteen  visits  to  Mexico,  was 
familiar  with  the  Central  American  countries,  and 
he  journeyed  through  Keuador,  Brazil  and  Vene- 
zuela, and  to  the  West  Indies.  The  oil  fields  of 
Eussia  and  Eoumania  claimed  his  special  attention. 
In  the  former  country  he  had  a  government  escort 
of  mounted  cossacks,  and  he  made  trips  through 
Persia  and  Turkey  on  camels  and  elephants  es- 
corted by  soldiers.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.,  lie  became  connected  with  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  di- 
rector in  the  Union  National  Bank,  Pittsburgh; 
Carbon  Steel  Co.,  South  Penn  Oil  Co.,  and  Carter 
Oil  Co.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pittsburgh  Ath- 
letic Association,  and  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Duquesne, 
Press,  Hampshire  and  St.  David 's  clubs,  Pitts- 
burgh. His  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  A  loyal  Amenran.  lie  was 
withal  an  ardent  Welshman  who  revered  the  ideals 
and  customs  of  his  illustrious  race  with  a  devo- 
tion that  depicted  a  deep  compatriotic  pride.  In 
many  respects  he  was  a  singular  character  and  a 
genius.  He  was  ever  able  to  manifest  his  knowl- 
edge and  familiarity  with  anrieiit  and  modern 
authors  by  revealing  a  new  phase  of  any  subject 
under  discussion,  and  it  is  questionable  whether 
his  peer  as  a  Welsh  historian  existed  in  America. 
Into  his  magnificent  and  extensive  library  he  had 
gathered  volumes  unheard  of  by  many,  and  they 
were  not  purchased  merely  for  adornment.  His 
love  for  Celtic  lore  and  literature  was  great.  He 
assisted  in  the  preparation  of  the  ' '  Royal  Blue 
Book,"  an  important  contribution  to  Welsh-Am- 
erican literature.  He  had  the  sterling  qualities  of 
a  charitable  heart  and  his  unostentatious  philan- 
throphy  was  his  crowning  glory.  His  was  the 
largest  individual  gift  to  the  Welsh  widows '  and 
orphans'  fund.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  American 
Gorsedd,  from  its  inception  until  he  died.  At 
his  death  he  was  deeply  engrossed  in  preparing  a 
new  ritual  for  the  Gorsedd,  and  otherwise  planning 
for  its  expansion  and  broader  usefulness.  He  in- 
jected his  personality  into  the  institution  and 
his  confidence  and  faith  in  a  bright  future  for  it 
became  contagious  and  prompted  his  fellow-mem- 
bers to  resume  their  efforts  with  renewed  vigor. 
He  was  the  ideal  cosmopolite,  the  man  of  affairs 
of  the  world;  cultured,  and  traveled.  He  was 
married  at  Fairview,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  Mar.  25,  1SSO, 
to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  McCleary  of  Fair- 
view;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Mary, 
who  married  W.  Terrell  Johnson,  Pittsburgh.  He 
died  near  Altoona,  Pa.,  May  11,  1918. 

UNTERMYER.,  Samuel,  lawyer,  was  born  at 


Lyuchburg,  Va.,  June  6,  1S58,  son  of  Isadore  and 
Therese  (—  — )  Untermyer.  His  father  was  a 
wealthy  planter  in  Virginia,  who  sfived  as  lieuten- 
ant in  the  Confederate  army  during  the  civil  war, 
and  died  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war.  The  son  re- 
moved with  his  mother  to  New  York  city  in  1S6S, 
and  attended  the  public  schools  and  the  "college  of 
the  city  of  New  York.  He  entered  a  law  office  in 
1873  as  clerk  and  continued  his  studies  at  the 
( 'olumbia  Law  School,  receiving  his  LL.B.  degree 
in  1878.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  partnership  with  his  half-brother,  Ran- 
dolph Guggenheimer,  and  his  brother,  Isaac  Unter- 
myer, under  the  firm  name  of  Guggenheimer  & 
Untermyer.  A  younger  brother,  Maurice  Unter- 
myer, was  subsequently  admitted,  and  in  1895 
Louis  Marshall  joined  the  firm.  The  firm  was 
thereafter  known  as  Guggenheimer,  Uutermyer  & 
Marshall.  Junior  partners  have  since  been  added 
from  time  to  time.  As  a  young  man,  Mr.  Uuter- 
myer had  the  reputation  of  having  tried  more 
cases  in  a  single  year  than  any  other  lawyer  at  the 
New  York  bar.  Before  he  was  twenty-four  years 
of  age  he  was  representing  many  of  the  important 
business  interests  in  New  York  city,  and  had  acted 
as  trial  counsel  in  some  of  the  most  celebrated 
cases  of  the  day.  In  1SS5,  as  counsel  for  John  F. 
Betz,  of  Philadelphia,  he  brought  suit  against  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  New  York  for  conspiring  with 
Betz1  New  York  partners  to  issue  notes  in  the 
firm 's  name  for  which  Mr.  Betz  would  be  liable. 
The  principals  were  arrested,  and  after  a  two- 
weeks'  trial  before  the  supreme  court  a  verdict 
of  $52,000  was  obtained  for  Mr.  Betz,  this  being 
the  first  decision  ever  rendered  making  the  at- 
torney a  party  to  and  holding  him  personally  re- 
sponsible for  damages  as  the  result  of  advising 
his  clients  to  commit  a  fraud.  He  acted  for 
Mrs.  Gerald  Purcell  Fitzgerald  (later  Princess 
Lida  Eleanor  of  Thurn  and  Taxis)  in  her  contro- 
versy over  the  trust  fund  provided  for  her  upon 
the  divorce  granted  her  by  the  British  parliament, 
which  was  fought  through  all  the  courts  of  Penn- 
sylvania to  the  U.  S.  supreme  court.  It  involved 
the  question  of  the  legality  of  a  divorce  granted 
by  the  parliament  of  Great  Britain,  based  on  an 
agreement  between  husband  and  wife  (who  had 
been  separated  by  a  decree  of  the  Irish  courts)  — 
divorce  is  not  granted  in  Ireland — creating  a  trust 
fund.  Mr.  Untermyer  sustained  the  legality  of  the 
agreement,  which  involved  novel  and  interesting 
questions  <>f  law.  As  counsel  for  James  Hazen  Hyde 
in  the  struggle  of  James  W.  Alexander  to  oust 
Hyde  from  control  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Society,  his  activities  brought  on  the  great  in- 
vestigation of  life  insurance  companies  in  1905,  and 
led  to  the  elimination  of  the  officers  and  others  who 
had  been  responsible  for  irregularities,  and  to  the 
passage  of  reform  laws  in  many  states.  When  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.  was  dissolved  by  order  ol  the 
U.  S.  supreme  court,  one  of  the  constitueut  com- 
panies was  the  Waters-Pierce  Oil  Co.,  in  which  the 
Standard  owned  the  controlling  interest  and  which 
it  dominated.  H.  Clay  Pierce  owned  the  minority 
interest  in  that  company,  and  he  retained  Mr.  Un- 
termyer to  prevent  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  from 
dominating  the  Waters-Pierce  Co.,  and  to  secure 
the  stockholders  of  that  company  the  management 
of  their  corporation.  The  suit  was  based  on  the 
contention  that  there  had  been  no  genuine  dis- 
solution of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  such  as  was  con- 
templated by  the  decree  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
this  was  what  Mr.  Untermyer  undertook  to  prove 
by  calling  the  men  who  controlled  the  Standard  Oil 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


397 


stock.  After  a  long-fought  litigation,  it  was  ad- 
justed by  the  sale  and  surrender  of  the  controlling 
stock  by"  the  Standard  Oil  to  the  Pierce  interests. 
His  legal  activities  had  covered  every  phase  of 
corporate,  civil,  criminal  and  international  law. 
He  is  counsel  for  many  of  the  leading  copper  and 
metal  interests  of  the  United  States,  and  success- 
fully carried  through  the  merger  of  the  Utah  Cop- 
per Co.  with  the  Boston  Consolidated  and  Nevada 
Consolidated  companies,  representing  a  market 
value  of  over  $100,000,000,  for  which  he  was  paid 
a  lawyer's  fee  of  $775,000,  as  appears  from  the 
court  records  in  the  case.  He  has  had  for  more 
than  twenty-five  years  one  of  the  most  extensive 
corporation  practices  in  the  country,  and  has  or- 
ganized and  acted  for  many  of  the  great  mining, 
manufacturing,  industrial  and  railway  corpora- 
tions of  the  country  and  is  counsel  for  many  such 
corporations,  although  at  the  same  time  he  is  a 
radical  democrat  in  advocating  advanced  cor- 
porate reforms,  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  most 
bitter  assaults  upon  corporate  abuses  in  and 
out  of  courts.  He  has  consistently  championeil 
the  rights  of  minority  stockholders,  making 
speeches,  bringing  suits  and  urging  changes  in  the 
laws  for  their  protection,  and  he  has  urged  the  en- 
forcement of  the  Sherman  law  accompanied  by 
more  stringent  laws  for  Federal  regulation  of 
trusts,  reform  in  criminal  laws,  laws  to  curb  the 
concentration  of  wealth  through  use  of  corporate 
funds,  and  kindred  subjects.  Twenty  years  before 
a  Federal  income  tax  law  was  enacted  he  wrote  and 
spoke  widely  in  favor  of  such  legislation  as  being 
the  only  just  form  of  taxation.  One  of  the  most 
recent  important  cases  in  which  Mr.  Untermyer 
•was  connected  was  the  suit  of  the  Riggs  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Washington  against  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury,  the  comptroller  of  the  currency 
and  the  treasurer  of  the  United  States.  In  con- 
junction with  the  attorney-general  and  Louis  D. 
Brandeis  (now  associate  justice  of  the  U.  8.  su- 
preme court),  he  acted  as  counsel  for  the  defen- 
dants in  the  hearing  in  the  district  court  at  Wash- 
ington. The  Riggs  Bank  had  charged  that  the 
defendants  were  engaged  in  a  conspiracy  to  wreck 
it  and  sought  to  secure  an  injunction  against  the 
defendants  restraining  them  from  further  acts 
which  it  alleged  hail  that  end  in  view.  The  court 
decided  that  there  had  been  no  conspiracy.  He 
argued  before  the  U.  S.  supreme  court  in  a  suit 
by  the  Associated  Press  and  International  News' 
Service  against  the  contention  of  the  A.  P.  of  a 
right  of  property  in  news,  and  again  in  another 
suit  against  the  right  of  the  A.  P.  to  discipline  a. 
member  for  disobeying  unlawful  by-laws.  In  De- 
cember, 1911,  Mr.  Untermyer  delivered  before  the 
Finance  Forum  in  New  York  an  address  entitled 
"Is  There  a  Money  Trust?"  exposing  the  finan- 
cial conditions  existing  in  the  country  and  point- 
ing out  the  needed  legislative  enactments  to  cure 
the  abuses.  This  address  so  aroused  the  country 
that  it  was  followed  by  a  congressional  investiga- 
tion looking  to  the  formulation  of  remedial  legisla- 
tion. He  was  selected  as  counsel  for  the  committee 
on  banking  and  currency  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, which  had  this  investigation  in  hand. 
Months  were  devoted  to  the  taking  of  testimony  in 
the  proceedings  that  have  since  become  known  as 
the  "Pujo  Money  Trust  Investigation."  As  the 
result  of  that  investigation  and  of  the  report  of 
the  congressional  committee  many  remedial  laws 
were  enacted.  The  Federal  Reserve  law  is  in  a 
measure  the  outgrowth  of  the  exposures  of  the 
report  of  this  committee.  Mr.  Untermyer  assisted 
materially  in  connection  with  the  preparation  of 


that  document,  and  appeared  before  the  commit- 
tees of  Congress  in  its  championship.  In  the 
framing  and  passage  of  the  Clayton  bill  and  the 
Federal  Trade  Commission  bill  also,  as  well  as  in 
other  legislation  affecting  the  trusts,  he  has  had 
a  prominent  part  and  devoted  his  time  and  ener- 
gies tn  collaborating  iu  the  formulation  of  the  bills. 
Large  fiduciary  interests  have  been  entrusted  to 
Mr.  Untermyer.  He  is  the  executor  ami  trustee 
of  numerous  large  estates  aggregating  many  mil- 
lions of  dollars.  In  politics  he  is  a  progressive 
Democrat,  although  always  an  avowed  protectionist 
and  a  Nationalist,  who  believes  in  a  National  Cor- 
poration law.  He  was  from  the  beginning  of  the 
public  career  of  Woodrow  Wilson  a  warm  advo- 
cate. suDDorted  his  Dre-nomination  campaign,  was 
a  Wilson  delegate  to  the  National  convention  of 
191-,  and  again  as  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  1916 
convention  and  made  speaking  trips  throughout  the 
country  for  him  in  both  campaigns.  He  actively 
supported  all  the  Wilson  policies  throughout  both 
administrations.  He  was  one  of  the  early  advocates 
of  the  direct  election  of  U.  S.  senators  and  other 
measures  tending  to  give  to  the  people  larger 
political,  social  ami  economic  rights.  In  the  ad- 
ministration by  the  Federal  government  of  the  in- 
come tax  and  the  excess  profits  tax  laws  he  was 
appointed  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  a  spe- 
cial adviser  to  the  government  on  the  interpreta- 
tion and  enforcement  of  the  income  tax  and  war 
emergency  tax  laws.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Democratic,  conventions  of  1904,  1908, 
1912  and  1916,  and  was  one  of  the  two  delegates- 
at-large  from  New  York  to  the  1916  National-  con- 
vention. He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Interna- 
national  High  Commission,  which  met  in  Buenos 
Aires  in  April,  1916,  for  the  purpose  of  framing 
uniform  laws  for  the  Pan-American  countries.  When 
in  January,  1918,  the  government  took  over  the 
transportation  systems  of  the  country,  Mr.  Unter- 
myer acted  for  the  National  Association  of  Owners 
of  Railroad  Securities,  who  comprised  the  leading 
life  and  fire  insurance  companies,  banks,  univer- 
sities, and  other  corporate  holders  in  the  long  ne- 
gotiations with  the  government  in  formulating  the 
complicated  contracts  under  which  the  roads  were 
to  be  operated  by  the  government  and  eventually 
returned  to  their  owners.  Mr.  Untermyer  has  long 
been  an  open  advocate  of  government  ownership  of 
public  utilities  in  which  he  includes  coal,  iron  and 
copper  mines.  Immediately  following  the  severance 
of  diplomatic  relations  with  Germany  by  the 
United  States,  when  it  was  supposed  that  our  army 
would  be  raised  by  voluntary  enlistment,  Mr. 
Untermyer  organized  the  American  League  of  Jew- 
ish Patriots,  which  was  made  up  of  the  owners  and 
publishers  of  the  leading  Jewish  newspapers  in 
New  York.  Enlistment  stations  were  opened  and 
a  patriotic  campaign  was  inaugurated,  the  expenses 
of  which  he  defrayed  until  Congress  decided  upon 
conscription.  He  took  part  in  various  forms  of 
war  work  and  made  a  speaking  tour  over  the  coun- 
try in  support  of  the  five  Liberty  Loans.  He  is 
a  patron  of  many  charities,  including  all  denomi- 
nations and  many  that  are  non-sectarian.  He  is 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Andrew 
Freedman  Home,  which  has  been  richly  endowed 
and  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  provide  a  place 
for  old  people  of  both  sexes  and  without  regard 
,to  creed,  provided  only  that  all  inmates  of  the 
home  shall  have  been  in  comfortable  circumstances. 
Mr.  Untermyer  is  a  lover  of  art,  and  in  his  home 
are  to  be  found  the  choicest  works  of  the  masters. 
He  is  passionately  fond  of  flowers,  and  his  coun- 
try estate,  known  as  ' '  Greystone, ' '  at  Yonkers, 


308 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


N.  T.,  the  former  home  of  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  con- 
tains perhaps  the  largest  range  of  private  green- 
houses in  the  United  States.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Bar  Association,  New  York  State 
Bar  Association,  New  York  County  Lawyers'  As- 
sociation, American  Society  of  International  Law, 
League  for  Political  Education,  Metropolitan  Mu- 
seum of  Art,  the  Automobile  Club  of  America,  and 
the  Manhattan,  Lotos,  National  Democratic,  Law- 
yers ',  National  Arts,  Press  and  Economic  clubs. 
He  was  married  Aug.  9,  1880,  to  Minnie,  daughter 
of  Mairelius  Carl  of  New  York  city,  and  they  have 
two  sons,  Capt.  Alvin  Untermyer,  who  was  cap- 
tain in  the  305th  Field  Artillery  during  the  great 
war  in  Prance,  and  Irwin  Untermyer,  who  is  a 
lawyer  and  a  member  of  his  firm;  and  Irene,  a 
daughter,  who  married  First  Lieut.  Stanley  L. 
Richter. 

BAKER,  Frank,  jurist,  was  born  at  Melmore, 
O.,  May  11,  1840,  son  of  Richard  and  Fanny 
(Wheeler)  Baker.  His  first  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Thomas  Baker,  a  native  of  England, 
who  came  to  this  country  in  1639  and  settled  at 
Milford.  Conn.,  removing  thence  to  Easthamptpn, 
N.  Y.,  in  1650;  from  him  and  his  wife  Alice  Day- 
ton, the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son 
Thomas  and  his  wife  Ann  Topping;  their  son 
Samuel  and  his  wife  Mercy  Schellinger;  their  son 
Jonathan  and  his  wife  Mary  Papillon  Barker,  and 
their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Daniels, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  our  subject.  Frank 
Baker  received  his  early  education  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  town,  was  graduated  A.B.  at  Ohio 
Wesleyan  University  in  1861,  and  LL.B.  at  the 
Albany  Law  School  in  1863.  In  1S62,  while  a  stu- 
dent at  the  latter  institution  he  enlisted  in  the  84th 
Ohio  Vol.  Inf.,  in  which  he  served  three  months. 
Returning  home  he  engaged  in  the  practise  of  law, 
and  in  1873  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he  soon 
won  an  enviable  reputation  among  the  leading 
members  of  the  bar.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  C'ook  county.  Illinois,  in  1387, 
which  office  he  held  continuously  by  re-election 
until  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1904  he  was 
assigned  to  the  appellate  court  of  the  first  district. 
He  was  an  impartial  judge,  possessed  of  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  legal  minds  in  Illinois.  Deliberate 
and  positive,  having  once  dictated  his  opinion  he 
never  changed  it.  Notable  among  the  more  im- 
portant litigations  with  which  he  was  identified 
was  the  Pullman  case,  which  he  handled  with  re- 
markable ability.  In  1903  he  was  an  important 
factor  in  the  street  car  arbitration,  following  which 
he  was  indorsed  for  re-election  by  the  Federation 
of  Labor.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Illinois 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  in 
1900,  and  was  a  inember  of  the  U.  S.  Grant  post, 
G.  A.  R.,  the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  and  the 
Chicago  Bar  Association,  and  the  Iroquois  Club. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  he  was  a  firm 
adherent  of  the  Methodist  church.  His  favorite 
recreations  were  walking  and  bowling;  he  held 
the  championship  for  the  latter  for  several  years. 
He  was  fond  of  good  reading  and  owned  a  library 
which  was  particularly  rich  in  Americana.  Judge 
Baker  was  married  Nov.  10,  1870,  to  Eliza,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  Warner  of  London,  O.,  and  they  had 
two  children:  Ethel,  wife  of  E.  L.  Andrews,  of 
New  York,  and  Nora,  wife  of  Capt.  S.  M.  Kocher- 
sperger,  U.  S.  A.  He  died  at  Hartland,  Wis., 
July  9,  1916. 

MASSON,  Thomas  Lansing  ("Tom  Mas- 
son"),  author,  was  born  at  Essex,  Conn.,  July  21, 
1866,  son  of  Thomas  Lansing  and  Malvina  (Urqu- 
hart)  Masson,  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Teresa 
(Southworth)  Masson.  When  nine  years  old 


Thomas  L.  Masson  accompanied  his  father,  who 
was  captain  of  a  sailing  vessel,  to  sea.  His  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
Haven.  After  a  year  as  clerk  in  a  New  York 
business  office,  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  later  he 
returned  to  New  York,  and  his  literary  career 
began  there  as  news-editor  of  the  American  Press 
Association.  In  1884  he  began  contributing  to 
the  New  York  "Sun,"  and  found  a  warm  friend 
in  Charles  A.  Dana.  As  assistant  managing-editor 
and  humorous  editor  of  the  American  Press  Asso- 
ciation he  paved  the  way  for  an  editorship  on 
the  staff  of  "Life,"  (the  humorous  New  York 
weekly  started  in  1883),  and  he  has  been  associated 
with  "it  as  literary  editor  from  1893  to  1900  and 
as  managing  editor  thereafter.  John  A.  Mitchell, 
the  founder  of  "Life,"  died  in  1917  and  left 
Masson  quite  a  substantial  interest  in  the  period- 
ical. Mr.  Masson  tells  a  quaint  characteristic  story 
of  the  relations  between  himself  and  the  founder 
of  "Life  "  In  the  first  difficult  days  of  the  peri- 
odical, Masson  for  some  unknown  reason  got  the 
notion  that  his  position  on  "Life"  was  precarious, 
and  that  he  might  be  called  upon  to  resign.  He 
suggested  as  much  to  Mitchell.  The  latter  declared 
his  innocence  of  any  subleties  and  let  Masson 
know  that  the  job  was  his  as  long  as  he  wanted  it. 
"Why,  Masson,"  he  added,  "even  if  such  a  situa- 
tion should  arise,  and  the  thing  should  be  necessary, 
I  would  not  dare  do  it. ' '  Besides  his  regular  con- 
tributions to  "Life,"  he  writes  editorial  articles 
for  the  magazines  and  volumes  of  songs,  and  short 
stories.  His  books  are:  "The  Yankee  Navy" 
(1899);  "Corner  in  Women"  (1905);  "The  Von 
Blumers"  (1906);  "The  Bachelor's  Baby;  and 
Some  Grown-Ups"  (1907);  "The  New  Plato" 
(1908).  There  are  also  four  collections  under  his 
editorship:  "The  Humorous  Masterpieces  of  Amer- 
ican Literature"  (1903);  "In  Merry  Measure" 
(1905)  ;  "The  Humor  of  Love"  in  verse  and  prose 
(1906);  and  "The  Best  Stories  in  the  World" 
(1913).  His  writing  is  as  intimately  sensitive  as 
it  is  rich  in  comedy.  In  a  note  on  literary  method, 
he  tells  us  that  the  work  under  his  hand  grows  with 
the  broadening  of  experience.  Another  might  ex- 
press the  same  by  saying  that,  by  wearing  his  heart 
on  his  sleeve,  this  comedian  of  letters  first  suffers, 
then  laughs  and,  finally,  sings.  It  was  on  one 
rough  winter  day,  that  he  sat  down  and  wrote  of 
"The  Summer  Girl,"  coined  a  phrase  for  the 
nation,  and  gave  a  song  to  innumerable  copyists. 
His  volume,  "The  New  Plato"  (1908),  reveals 
the  author  as  a  serious  student  of  contemporary 
life  with  a  something  in  him  of  the  family  sur- 
geon— with  all  his  revels — armed  with  a  scalpel  un- 
derneath the  motley  overalls.  This  trait  is  yet 
more  clearly  shown  iu  ' '  My  Experience  on  a 
Board  of  Education,"  in  the  "Ladies'  Home 
Journal"  (1908).  It  is  also  more  than  hinted  at 
in  the  lines  following,  which  convey  the  smack  of 
the  Masson  humor,  and  style  and  character,  bet- 
ter than  could  any  description:  "The  American 
Idea  preaches  every  Sunday  from  the  pulpit,  every 
other  day  in  the  "papers,  and  practices  what  it 
doesn  't  preach  every  day  in  the  week.  .  .  .  The 
American  Idea  is  humorous  half  the  time,  and  un- 
happy the  other  half.  When  it  is  happy  it  laughs 
at  others,  and  when  it  is  unhappy  it  laughs  at 
itself."  He  was  married,  Oct.  24,  1S93,  to  Fannie 
Zullette,  daughter  of  William  Henry  Goodrich,  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
"Hartford  Courant,"  and  has  two  daughters, 
Joan  and  Frances,  and  two  sons,  Thomas  L.  and 
Donald  G.  Masson. 

BENNESON,  Cora  Agnes,  lawyer  and  writer, 


• 


OF   AMERICAN   BIOGRAPHY 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


39!) 


was  born  at  Quincy,  111.,  June  10,  1851,  daughter 
of  Robert  Smith  and  Electa  Ann  (Park)  Benneson, 
and  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  and  Jane  (Car- 
lyle)  Beuneson,  or  Benson,  who  came  to  America 
from  England  in  1SOO.  Robert  Smith  Benneson 
(181)7—93),  a  native  of  Newark,  Del.,  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  thence  to  Quincy,  111.,  in  1S37, 
where  he  became  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  municipal  affairs  of  the  city.  He  was 
organizer  and  director  of  various  corporations, 
president  of  the  school  board,  alderman  for  two 
terms,  and  mayor  during  the  civil  war.  During 
this  crisis  he  saved  the  credit  of  the  city  by  giving 
his  personal  notes  to  meet  its  obligations.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  Miss  Benneson  finished  the  course  at 
the  Quincy  Academy,  the  equivalent  of  a  good 
high  school,  and  three  years  later  was  graduated 
at  the  Quincy  Seminary.  Her  ambition  for  a 
higher  education  led  to  her  entrance  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1^75,  oaly  five  years  after 
women  students  were  first  admitted.  She  com- 
pleted the  four  years'  course  in  three,  and  was 
graduated  in  1S78.  During  her  senior  year  she 
was  an  editor  of  the  "Chronicle,''  the  leading  col- 
lege paper,  being  the  first  woman  to  fill  this  posi- 
tion. On  receiving  her  degree  of  A.B.  she  applied 
for  admission  to  the  law  school  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, but  was  refused  on  the  ground  that  the 
equipment  was  too  limited  to  receive  women ;  re- 
turning to  her  alma  mater,  she  studied  under 
Judges  Cooley,  Campbell  and  Walker  and  Profs. 
Wells  and  Kent,  at  that  time  constituting  one  of 
the  strongest  law  faculties  in  America.  She  was 
one  of  the  two  women  in  a  class  of  175;  served 
as  secretary  of  her  class,  presiding  officer  in  the 
leading  debating  society,  and  judge  of  the  Illinois 
moot-court.  She  was  graduated  LL.B.  in  1SSO  and 
A.M.  in  18S3,  and  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Michigan  and  Illinois  spent  two  years  and  four 
months  in  a  journey  around  the  world.  She  made 
it  a  point  to  visit  the  law  courts  of  all  the  prin- 
cipal civilized  countries  of  the  world,  as  well  as 
their  governing  assemblies,  and  upon  her  return 
delivered  lectures  on  her  travels,  first  in  her  native 
city,  and  subsequently  in  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis, 
Philadelphia,  Boston  and  other  leading  cities  of 
the  East.  Miss-  Benneson  was  editor  of  the  "Law 
Reports"  of  the  West  Publishing  Co.  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  during  part  of  the  year  1SSG,  and  after 
holding  a  fellowship  in  history  at  Bryn  Mawr 
College  for  one  year  (1887-88)  removed'  to  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  which  thereafter  became  her  per- 
manent residence.  She  was  admitted  to  the 
Massachusetts  bar  in  1894.  In  the  following  year 
she  was  appointed  special  commissioner  by  Gov. 
Greenhalge,  an  appointment  renewed  in  1905  and 
still  held  by  her.  Although  one  of  the  first  women 
to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  New  England, 
she  found  no  antagonism  among  her  fellow  law- 
yers, and  gradually  acquired  a  large  and  successful 
practice.  Ever  alert  on  the  affairs  of  the  day,  she 
was  particularly  posted  upon  questions  concerning 
government.  Papers  upon  "Executive  Discretion 
in  the  United  States"  (1898)  and  "Federal 
Guarantees  for  Maintaining  Republican  Govern 
ment  in  the  States"  (1899),  read  before  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  resulted  in  her  election  as  a  fellow  of  that 
society  in  1899.  These  were  followed  by  "The 
Power  of  Our  Courts  to  Interpret  the  Constitu- 
tion" (1900)  and  "Corporations  and  Conscience" 
(1906)  before  the  same  body.  Other  papers  writ- 
ten by  her  are:  "The  Quincy  Riflemen  in  the  (so 
called)  Mormon  War,  1844-46"  (1909);  "Col- 
lege Fellowships  for  Women"  (1888);  "The  Open- 


ing Way,"  alumni  poem  delivered  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan  (1889)  ;  twelve  articles  on  "Pal- 
estine To-day"  (contributed  to  the  Unitarian 
Magazine)  (1890);  "The  Semitic  Museum  of 
Harvard  University"  (1891);  "The  College  Edu- 
cation of  Women"  (1894)  ;  "The  Work  of  Edward 
Everett  of  Quincy  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment in  Illinois  During  the  Civil  War"  (1909); 
besides  numerous  contributions  relating  to  the  edu- 
cation of  women.  Miss  Benneson  is  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Bar  Association,  the  League  for 
Progressive  Democracy,  the  Authors'  League  of 
America,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Illinois 
State  Historical  Society. 

LAUGHLIN,  Julian,  lawyer  and  author,  was 
born  in  Bath  county,  Ky.,  Sept.  27.  1852,  son  of 
Tarlton  Childs  and  Anna  E.  (Hopkins)  Laugh- 
lin,  and  grandson  of  Robert  Laughlin,  one  of  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Kentucky,  who  removed  from 
Caroline  county,  Va.,  to  Clark  county,  Ky. ;  his 
ancestry  has  been  traced  back  to  Liverpool,  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh.  The  name  Laughlin  is  from 
a  root  meaning  a  small  lake;  Lachlann,  Loughlin 
and  Laughlin  were  ancie.it  variant  spellings  of 
the  Gaelic  name  for  Norway  and  Sweden,  mean- 
ing Lakeland.  Julian  Laughlin  was  educated  in 
private  schools  until  fourteen  years  of  age,  and. 
at  the  age  of  fifteen,  entered  the  College  of  Arts, 
Transylvania  University,  and  remained  there  three 
years,  becoming  president  of  the  Cecropian  De- 
bating Society.  During  1871-76  he  engaged  in 
various  pursuits,  and  in  February,  1877,  studied 
law  for  about  two  weeks,  in  that  time  committing 
both  volumes  of  Blackstone  to  memory  and  read- 
ing through  the  remainder  of  the  legal  course. 
He  successfully  passed  through  the  severest  ex- 
amination ever  given  to  an  applicant  at  the  St. 
Louis  bar,  missing  no  question  asked  and  answering 
mainly  in  the  language  of  the  books.  Neverthe- 
less, he  has  never  liked  the  law  because  of  its 
manifest  injustice,  but  owing  to  natural  talents 
has  been  moderately  successful  in  it,  winning  a 
large  proportion  of  the  cases  which  he  undertakes, 
and  being  principally  occupied  with  cases  involv- 
ing large  amounts.  In  the  year  1918  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  case  of  Zeitinger  et  al.  vs.  Hargard- 
ine-McKittrick  Dry  Goods  Co.  et  al  on  trial  for 
appointment  of  a  receiver — a  suit  involving  over 
$4.000,000.  For  eight  years  he  has  successfully 
resisted  the  appointment  of  a  receiver  in  another 
case,  wherein  property  said  to  be  of  the  value  of 
$10,000,000  is  involved.  For  several  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Heller  Hoffman  Chair  Manufac- 
turing Co.  of  St.  Louis,  and  of  the  Pastime  Ath- 
Irtic'  Club.  For  eighteen  years  he  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  Arkansas  Land  Co.  and  a  director  in 
two  small  railroad  companies.  But  his  personal 
taste  as  well  as  his  ambition  is  scientific.  As  a 
scientist,  his  life-work  is  only  partially  set  forth 
in  the  "History  of  Civilization,"  a  work  con- 
taining the  history  of  life  and  also  a  history  of 
ideas.  In  both  these  subjects  he  is  a  piomvr. 
His  theory  of  life  is  now  accepted  by  the  biologists 
and  his  theory  of  the  formation  of  the  solar  sys- 
tem has  been  accepted  by  astronomers.  Concern- 
ing his  history  of  civilization  the  "Boston  Eve- 
ning Transcript''  says:  "If  ever  a  man  since 
Aristotle  has  made  a  study  of  science  in  all  its 
different  branches  and  departments,  the  author  of 
this  book  has  done  so.  In  this  age  of  specializa- 
tion a  scientist  does  well  to  master  a  subdivision 
of  one  science;  Mr.  Laughlin  shows  thorough  and 
original  knowledge  in  Biology,  Chemistry,  Geol- 
ogy, Astronomy.  He  is  a  man  of  powerful  mind 
and  immense  research  .  .  There  was 


400 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


never  a  book  so  full  of  irleas  as  this;  it  fairly 
luistles  with  new  and  revolutionary  theories." 
In  politics  Mr.  Laughlin  is  a  Social  Democrat. 
He  is  racial  expert  for  the  U.  S.  government,  and 
a  member  of  the  Papyrus  Club.  He  has  been 
twice  married:  (1)  in  1S79,  to  Anna  Drown, 
from  whom  he  was  divorced  in  1884;  (2)  June 
28,  1S9S,  to  Laura  E.,  daughter  of  George  N. 
Vail,  of  St.  Louis. 

COLT,  William  Edward,  banker,  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  14,  1873,  son  of  William 
E.  and  Laura  (Van  Ingen)  Colt,  grandson  of 
Anson  Truman  Colt  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Colt,  who  came  from  Perthshire,  Scotland,  and 
Bettled  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1636.  He  wag 
educated  privately  and  began  his  business  career 
as  an  office  boy  in  a  Wall  Street  firm.  He  was 
associated  at  various  times  with  Charles  Head  & 
Co.,  Spencer  Trask  &  Co,  and  Colt,  Hartshorne 
&  Picabia.  When  the  Illinois  Trust  &  Savings 
Bank  of  Chicago,  111.,  sought  an  efficient  exec- 
utive to  take  charge  of  its  bond  department, 
Mr.  Colt  was  so  highly  recommended  that  he 
was  chosen  and  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner 
that  proved  him  to  be  a  very  capable  official. 
Prominence,  popularity,  ability,  and  the  finest 
of  characters,  dominated  his  personality  and  ho 
became  a  familiar  figure  in  his  profession, 
through  his  connection  with  the  Investment 
Bankers'  Association.  In  politics  he  was  a  Re- 
publican and  in  religion  an  Episcopalian.  He 
was  married  Nov.  9,  1901,  to  Annette  Kellogg, 
daughter  of  Frank  Kellogg  of  New  York  city, 
and  had  one  son,  Schuyler  Van  Ingen  Colt.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Mar.  10,  1917. 

BARBER,  Henry  Hiram,  merchant  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Nashua,  N.  H.,  Dec.  16,  1852, 
son  of  Hiram  and  Lucy  (Fales)  Barber,  and  a 
descendant  of  Robert  Barber,  a  native  of  England, 
who  held  a  captain's  commission  in  the  Colonial 
troops  under  George  III.,  became  a  soldier  in  the 
Continental  army  during  the  war  of  revolution  and 
was  a  pioneer  settler  at  Canaan,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H. 
Iliram  Barber  was  a  farmer.  The  son  was  edu- 
cated chiefly  at  Canaan  Academy  and  began  his 
business  career  as  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in 
Nashua.  In  1878  he  purchased  a  dry  goods  busi- 
ness in  Milford,  IT.  II.,  and  developed"  an  extensive 
department  store.  He  was  the  founder  not  only 
of  the  H.  H.  Barber  Department  Store  but  of  the 
Barber  Plumbing  Co.;  organized  the  Milford 
Granite  Co.,  the  pioneer  granite  concern  of  the 
town ;  was  for  seven  years  president  of  the  Souhe- 
gan  National  Bank,  and  was  instrumental  in 
placing  the  first  electrical  lighting  system  in  Mil- 
ford.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  England 
Bankers'  Association,  New  Hampshire  State 
Bankers'  Association,  New  England  Dry  Goods 
Association  and  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  and  was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  repre- 
sentatives during  1892-93,  being  the  author  of  the 
Barber  bill,  for  regulating  fraternal  insurance. 
He  was  president  of  both  the  Milford  board  of 
trade  and  the  merchants '  association.  He  was  a, 
communicant  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  his  political  affiliation  was  with  the  Repub- 
lican party.  No  man  was  quicker  to  recognize  or 
reward  merit  in  his  fellow  workers.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Antrim,  N.  H.,  Nov.  5,  1873,  to  Fostina 
M.,  daughter  of  Alva  H.  Dodge,  a  carpenter,  of 
Antrim,  and  left  one  daughter,  Ethlyn,  who  mar- 
ried Maurice  Brown,  of  Winchester,  Mass.  He 
died  at  Milford,  N.  H.,  Jan.  14,  1919. 

ELLIS,     George     Washington,     lawyer     and 


author,  was  born  at  Weston,  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  May 
4,  1875,  son  of  George  and  Amanda  Jane  (Drace) 
Ellis.  He  received  his  preliminary  education  in. 
the  public  schools  of  Weston  and  at  Atchison 
(Kan.)  high  school,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
college  of  law  of  the  University  of  Kansas,  in  1893, 
with  the  degree  LL.B.,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Kansas  bar  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sinn  at  Lawrence,  at  the  same  time  attending  the 
college  of  arts  of  the  University  of  Kansas  for 
four  years  while  practicing  law.  For  two  years 
he  was  a  student  at  Gunton  's  Institute  of  Eco- 
nomics and  Sociology,  New  York  city,  graduating 
in  1900,  and  for  a  similar  period  he  took  post- 
graduate studies  in  philosophy  and  psychology  at 
Howard  University,  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was 
graduated  at  Gray's  School  of  Stenography  and 
Typewriting,  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1902.  Mean- 
while, he  passed  the  census  examination  and  was 
appointed  a  clerk  in  the  department  of  the  interior, 
Washington,  in  1899.  In  1902  he  was  transferred 
and  appointed  by  Pres.  Roosevelt,  which  appoint- 
ment was  confirmed  by  the  senate,  as  secretary  of 
legation  of  the  United  States  to  the  Republic  of 
Liberia.  Retiring  from  the  diplomatic  service  in 
1910  he  settled  in  Chicago  where  he  formed  a  law 
partnership  with  Charles  A.  Ward,  as  Ellis  & 
Ward.  In  1912  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
Richard  E.  Westbrooks,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Ellis  &  Westbrooks,  which  relation  continued  until 
his  death.  From  1917  he  was  an  assistant  corpo- 
ration counsel  of  Chicago.  While  in  West  Africa 
he  made  special  studies  in  sociology  and  ethnology, 
collecting  and  translating  proverbs  and  folklore, 
and  compiling  ethnological  specimens  representa- 
tive of  every  phase  of  African  industrial  life  and 
arts,  and  he  had  on  deposit,  as  a  loan,  perhaps 
the  largest  collection  of  West  African  ethnological 
specimens  in  the  National  Museum,  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  made  first-hand  and  original  investiga- 
tions in  the  sciences  of  ethnology  and  sociology 
as  represented  by  the  Mande  branch  of  the  West 
African  tribes,  assembling  the  only  written  alpha- 
bet known  to  have  been  invented  by  a  Negro  and 
producing  stories  written  in  this  native  script.  In 
one  of  his  books  he  gave  a  psychic  interpretation 
of  the  deeper  and  inner  spiritual  life  and  thought 
of  native  West  African  peoples,  with  most  of  their 
customs  and  ceremonials  in  their  social  settings. 
In  another  volume  he  brought  together  the  dis- 
tinctive contributions  made  by  the  Negro  peoples 
to  social  progress  and  civilization  in  almost  every 
quarter  of  the  globe,  in  art,  science  and  literature, 
with  their  bearing  upon  the  color  problem  of  the 
world.  His  books  include:  "Negro  Culture  in 
West  Africa"  (1914);  "The  Leopard's  Claw" 
(1917)  ;  "Negro  Achievements  in  Social  Progress" 
(1918),  also  the  following:  "Education  in  Li- 
beria" (U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education,  1905);  ''Jus- 
tice in  the  West  African  Jungle"  (The  Independ- 
ent) ;  "Political  Institutions  in  Liberia"  (Am- 
erican Political  Science  Review);  "Liberia  in  the 
Political  Psychology  of  West  Africa"  (Journal 
of  African  Society.  London);  "Political  Impor- 
tance of  International  Loan  in  Liberia"  (Journal 
of  Race  Development);  "Negro  Social  Institu- 
tions in  West  Africa"  (Ibid.);  "Islam  as  a  Fac- 
tor in  West  African  Culture"  (Ibid.);  "Socio- 
logical Appraisement  of  Liberian  Resources" 
(Ibid.);  "Political  and  Economic  Factors  in  Li- 
berian Development"  (Ibid.);  "The  Psychology 
of  American  Race  Prejudice"  (Ibid.);  "The 
Negro  in  the  New  Democracy"  (Ibid.);  "The 
Psychic  Factors  in  the  New  American  Race  Situa- 
tion" (Ibid.);  "The  Negro  and  the  War  for 


JULIAN  LAUGHLIN 

LAWYER    AX!)   AUTHOR 


WILLIAM  E.  COLT 

BANKER 


HENRY  H.  BARBER 

MERCHANT 


GEORGE  W.  ELLIS 

LAWYER  AXD  AUTHOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


401 


Democracy,"  (Ibid.)  :  "Liberia  in  the  New  Parti- 
tion of  West  Africa"  (Ibid.);  "Negro  Morality 
in  West  Africa"  (The  Light);  "Negro  Morality 
in  the  African  Black  Belt"  (Ibid.)  ;  "  The  Mission 
of  Duubar"  (The  Citizen,  Boston)  ;  "The  Outlook 
of  the  Negro  in  Literature"  (The  Champion); 
' '  The  Chicago  Negro  in  Law  and  Politics ' ' 
(Ibid.),  and  "Negro  Manners  and  Music  in  West 
Africa  ' '  (Ibid.) .  For  his  work  in  ethnology  in  West 
Africa  he  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
graphical Society  of  Great  Britain  upon  the  nom- 
ination of  Sir  Harry  II.  .Johnston,  K.C.,  K.C.M.G., 
and  Dr.  J.  Scott  Keltic,  the  author  of  "The  Par- 
tition of  Africa."  He  was  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Luther  Burbank  Society;  member  of  Cook 
County  Bar  Association;  member  American  Acad- 
emy of  Political  and  Social  Science,  African  So- 
ciety, London,  American  Sociological  Society, 
American  Political  Science  Association,  American 
Society  of  International  Law,  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  he 
was  decorated  as  knight  commander  of  the 
Order  of  African  Redemption  for  distinguished 
services  to  science  and  Africa.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  National  Citizenship  Defense  Committee, 
and  of  the  Chicago  branch  of  the  Law  and 
Order  League  of  America.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  African  conference  at  Clark  University, 
Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1010,  and  he  delivered 
many  addresses  upon  African  peoples  and 
problems.  He  was  contributing  editor  to  the 
"Journal  of  Race  Development,"  Clark  Univer- 
sity; "The  Citizen,"  Boston,  and  "The  Cham- 
pion," Chicago.  He  was  widely  known  as  a  cam- 
paign speaker,  and  was 'a  director  of  a  bureau  in 
the  headquarters  of  iiie  National  Progressive  party 
in  1912.  He  was  a  member  of  the  financial 
board  of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
of  America^during  1912-1(5,  and  a  delegate  to  the 
general  conferences  of  that  church  in  1912  and 
1916.  He  had  a  lucrative  law  practice  in  Chicago 
and  he  tried  cases  of  importance  in  the  supreme 
courts  of  Illinois  and  the  United  States.  The 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  in  June, 
1918,  by  Wilberforce  University  (Ohio)  for 
special  work  in  literature.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  literary  work.  His  "Negro  Cul- 
ture in  West  Africa"  has  received  exception- 
ally strong  laudatory  reviews  in  the  chief  news- 
papers and  magazines  of  the  country.  Frederick 
Starr,  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  said  of  it: 
"As  a  scientific  investigation,  as  a  contribution  to 
social  problems,  as  a  basis  for  political  action,  it 
has  a  definite  mission."  He  was  married  Jan.  27, 
I'.lOG,  to  Claveuder  L.  Sherman,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Robert  Sherman,  Secretary  of  War  and  Navy  of 
Liberia.  She  died  May  8,  1916.  He  died  in  Chi- 
cago, 111..  Nov.  26,  1919. 

CALL,  Francis  Marion,  banker,  publisher 
and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Oakfield,  Perry  CO., 
O.,  Sept.  22,  1843,  son  of  Charles  and  Elmyra  Ann 
(Dorau)  Call.  His  earliest  paternal  American 
ancestor  was  Charles  Call,  who  came  from  Ireland 
in  the  Isth  century  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 
His  wife  was  a  Headley,  and  from  them  the  Hue 
of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  James  Call 
and  his  wife  Sarah  Hoge.  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Francis  M.  Call.  Charles  Call,  father 
of  the  subject,  was  a  contractor  and  builder. 
Francis  M.  Call  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Cireleville,  O.,  and 
Oskaloosa,  la.  He  was  graduated  at  Christian 
College,  Oskaloosa,  in  1865  with  the  degree  A.B. 
In  that  year  he  became  a  clerk  in  an  Oskaloosa 
grocery  establishment,  but  in  1S67  opened  a  small 


store  at  Oskaloosa  for  the  sale  of  books,  stationery 
and  school  supplies,  subsequently  taking  a  partner, 
enlarging  the  business,  and  adding  a  printing  de- 
partment, the  chief  product  of  which  was  Sunday 
school  supplies  and  other  religious  literature  for 
the  Christian  church.  This  soon  led  to  the  organi- 
zation of  a  publishing  company,  and  he  became 
proprietor  of  "The  Evangelist,"  the  first  church 
newspaper  published  in  the  West.  This  publica- 
tion venture  met  with  a  unique  success,  and  with 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  business  he  transferred 
his  headquarters  to  Chicago,  in  1880,  and  to  St. 
Louis,  in  1SS2.  In  the  latter  city  his  journal  was 
merged  with  "The  Christian,"  under  the  name 
of  "The  Christian-Evangelist,"  of  which  he  was 
business  manager  and  treasurer,  and  he  was  prin- 
cipal owner  of  the  reorganized  Christian  Publish- 
ing Co.,  the.stock  of  which  had  sold  for  ten  dollars 
per  share,  but  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  from 
that  business  in  1898  its  shares  were  quoted  at 
$400.00.  In  1196  he  became  one  of  the  chief 
organizers  of  the  Standard  Adding  Machine  Co., 
St.  Louis,  and  was  its  president  until  1907,  when 
because  of  impaired  health  he  resigned  and  went 
to  Florida.  At  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition, 
St.  Louis,  1904,  the  international  jury  of  awards 
gave  the  grand  prize  to  this  adding  machine,  and 
stated  in  its  report  that  the  name  of  the  subject 
should  be  given  honorable  mention  for  his  great 
work  in  the  interests  of  science  and  humanity.  In 
1908  he  went  to  Oklahoma  and  engaged  in  the  oil 
business.  He  soon  had  large  holdings  of  oil  lands 
and  leases,  was  president  of  the  Wiser  Oil  Co., 
and  other  prosperous  concerns,  doing  a  thriving 
business  for  five  years,  until  the  state  of  his 
health  necessitated  his  retirement  from  active  cares. 
He  then  took  up  his  residence  at  Eureka  Springs, 
Ark.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mercantile  Club, 
St.  Louis.  His  real  life  was  his  religious  life. 
He  was  an  elder  in  the  Mount  Cabanne  Christian 
Church,  St.  Louis;  a  director  in  the  National 
P>cne\  cilent  Association  of  the  Christian  Church, 
and  a  founder  and  director  of  the  Mothers'  and 
Babies'  Home,  St.  Louis,  conducted  by  the  Chris- 
tian church.  His  dominating  personal  character- 
istics were  his  great  love  for  nature  and  for  all 
humanitv.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  caring 
for  his  orange  grove  at  his  winter  home  at  Day- 
tona,  Fla.  lie  was  married  ( 1 )  at  Oskaloosn,  Iowa, 
Oct.  1870,  to  Mahala  Emma,  daughter  of  Har- 
vey Calkins,  of  New  York  state;  she  died  in 
1900.  He  married  (2)  at  Jacksonville,  Fla., 
Dec.  24,  1901,  Elizabeth  Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Greasley,  an  Englishman.  She  survives  him,  with 
three  children  by  the  1st  union:  Maude,  who  mar, 
ried  James  W.  Dunford;  Daisy,  who  married  Daniel 
G.  Silver;  and  Francis  Barton  Call,  who  is  associ- 
ated with  the  New  Standard  Adding  Machine  Co., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  died  at  Eureka  Springs,  Ark  , 
May  25,  1913. 

CLAKE,  Fulton  Warren,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Middletown,  MT.,  Nov.  15,  1869,  son  of 
Fountain  Stewart  and  Hannah  Cunningham 
(Hogue)  Clare,  and  a  great-grandson  of  George 
Clare,  who  came  to  this  country  from  Germany  in 
1750  and  settled  in  Botetourt  county,  Ya.,  where 
he  helped  to  by  out  the  town  of  Fincastle,  and  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  original  trustees;  from 
him  and  his  wife  Susan  Kessler  the  line  descends 
through  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife  Jane  Hans- 
ford,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Fulton  W. 
Clare.  His  maternal  ancestors  were  from  Ken- 
tucky. His  father,  Fountain  Stewart  Clare,  was 
at  one  time  a  prosperous  and  successful  physician, 
later  became  collector  of  Montgomery  county,  Mo., 


402 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


and  thereafter  circuit  clerk;  during  the  closing 
years  of  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business.  The  son  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  at  Montgomery  City,  Mo.,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  Gem  City  Business  College,  Quincy, 
111.,  in  1889.  That  same  year  he  began  his  busi- 
ness career  as  clerk  iu  his  cousin  's  store,  the  Clare 
&  Clare  Mercantile  Co.,  at  Montgomery  City.  The 
following  year  he  went  to  Danville,  Va.,  where  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Continental  Tobacco 
Co.,  and  when  this  company  was  taken  over  by 
the  American  Tobacco  Co.,  he  went  with  it,  work- 
ing in  the  latter  company 's  factories  as  foreman 
at  Danville,  Va.,  Greenboro,  N.  C.,  and  Richmond, 
Va.  He  rose  rapidly  in  the  service  of  this  great 
corporation,  by  which  he  was  held  in  high  esteem. 
In  the  summer  of  1895  he  was  sent  by  the  com- 
pany as  a  buyer  of  leaf  tobacco  to  Florence,  S.  C., 
where  he  remained  two  seasons.  In  1S97  he  be- 
came buyer  on  the  market  at  Timmonsville,  S.  C. 
Three  years  later  he  was  transferred  to  Durham, 
N.  C.,  and  placed  in  the  manufacturing  depart- 
ment. During  1900-03  he  served  first  as  super- 
intendent and  then  as  manager  of  the  Bull  Dur- 
ham Tobacco  Co.,  owned  by  the  American  Tobacco 
Co.  In  19H4  ho  returned  to  the  leaf  department 
and  was  located  at  Greenville,  N.  C.,  as  buyer  and 
manager  for  the  American  Tobacco  Co.  until  the 
spring  of  1906,  when  he  was  forced  by  nervous 
prostration  to  give  up  work  for  a  year.  In  1907 
he  returned  to  the  company 's  employ  and  was 
located  in  Rocky  Mount,  Va.  In  the  autumn  of 
1910  he  removed  to  Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he 
served  as  manager  and  buyer  for  the  American 
Tobacco  Co.,  upon  the  dissolution  of  which  he  be- 
came manager  for  the  Liggett  &  Meyers  Tobacco 
Co.,  and  so  continued  until  his  death.  Mr.  Clare 
was  regarded  as  an  expert  judge  of  all  grades  of 
tobacco  and  was  one  of  the  most  influential  men 
connected  with  the  tobacco  industry  in  Kentucky 
and  the  South.  He  was  a  member  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Lexington,  was  one 
of  its  official  board,  was  a  progressive,  public- 
spirited  citizen.  In  fraternal  circles  he  was  a 
Knight  Templar,  a  Shriner,  a  member  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias,  and  of  the  Lexington,  Rotary, 
Commercial  and  Country  clubs  of  Lexington.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the  To- 
bacco Board  of  Trade.  His  favorite  diversions 
were  motoring  and  golf.  He  was  married,  June  __, 
1897,  to  Alice  Jannette,  daughter  of  James  Wiley 
King,  a  physician,  of  Florence,  S.  C. ;  there  were 
five  children  of  this  marriage:  Fulton  Warren; 
Elizabeth  Wilson;  Fountain  Stewart;  John  Law- 
rence, and  George  Francis  Clare.  He  died  at  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  Apr.  20,  1916. 

HONEYWELL.  Alba,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  1821,  son  of 
Enoch  and  Eliza  (Dye)  Honeywell.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Israel  Honeywell, 
who  came  from  England  in  1(570  and  settled  in 
Westchester  county,  N.  Y. ;  from  him  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  his  son  Samuel;  his  son 
Enoch  and  the  latter 's  wife  Elethear  Searle;  and 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Crawford, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  our  subject.  His 
father,  Enoch  Honeywell,  a  man  of  much  ability, 
was  a  strong  opponent  of  slavery  and  left  the  Bap- 
tist church  because  of  his  views.  Alba  Honeywell 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  at  local 
academies,  and  at  Oneida  Institute,  where  he  came 
under  the  immediate  preceptorship  of  Rev.  Beriah 
Green  (q.v.),  the  noted  reformer  and  theologian, 
then  president  of  that  institution.  After  gradua- 
tion he  became  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  and 


academies  of  that  section.  He  vras  intensely  op- 
pu>ed  to  slavery,  and  was  among  the  first  actively 
to  engage  in  the  abolition  movement.  An  or- 
ganizer of  the  abolition  political  party,  he  was 
chosen  delegate  to  the  Buffalo  convention  that 
nominated  .lames  G.  Biruey  (q.v.)  for  the  presi- 
dency, as  candidate  of  the  Liberal  party.  Subse- 
quently he  read  law  iu  the  office  of  Gilbert  &  Os- 
biinu1,  Rochester.  During  those  years  he  made  the 
acquaintance  of  many  eminent  men  interested  in 
the  anti-slavery  movement,  among  them  Gerritt 
Smith  (q.v.),  William  Godell  and  Alvan  Stewart 
(q.v.).  He  removed  to  New  York  city,  where  he 
became  editor  of  the  "Eagle,''  was  an  active  fac- 
tor in  the  American  Anti-Slavery  Society,  and  for 
four  years  was  an  associate  editor  of  the  New 
York  "Standard,"'  impaired  health  at  length  com- 
pelling him  to  put  askle  journalistic  work.  Dur- 
ing his  residence  in  New  York  he  became  acquaint- 
ed with  Wendell  Phillips  (q.v.),  Fred  Douglass 
(q.v.),  William  Lloyd  Garrison  (q.v.),  James  Rus- 
sell Lowell  (q.v.),  Sidney  Howard  (Jay  (q.v.),  and 
many  other  meu  of  that  time,  who,  for  the  sake  of 
their  principles  suffered  to  a  large  extent  ostracism 
from  society,  but  stood  unalterably  in  their  posi- 
tions as  opposed  to  slavery.  He  was  interested  in 
literature  at  an  early  age,  and  became  prominent 
as  author  and  playwright.  In  his  younger  days  he 
wrote  and  staged  several  plays,  in  which  he  took 
part  on  the  stage.  At  one  time  he  was  greatly  in- 
terested in  the  Pittman  system  of  phonetic  spell- 
ing. Shorthand  also  interested  him,  and  he  became 
editorially  associated  with  Andrew's  and  Boyle  in 
the  publication  of  "The  Anglo-Saxon,"  a  news- 
paper devoted  to  phonetic  reform  and  printed  in 
the  new  type  devised  for  the  purpose  of  spreading 
the  propaganda.  Untiring  and  energetic,  he  wrote 
an  exhaustive  treatise. of  eleven  volumes  on  lan- 
I;M,I'_;O,  embracing  all  its  departments,  from  elemen- 
tary phonetics  to  rhetoric  and  logic.  Meanwhile, 
the  broad  West  had  attracted  him,  and  in  18511  In- 
removed  to  Iroq'uois  county,  111.,  and  purchased  a 
thousand  acres  of  land  in  what  is  now  Stockland 
township.  There  he  resided  three  years,  made  sub- 
stantial improvements,  bought  four  him. lied  acres 
additional,  engaged  in  teaching,  and  utilized  every 
available  opportunity  to  promulgate  anti-slavery 
sentiment.  Setting  out  for  Minnesota  in  1856,  he 
stopped  in  Chicago  during  the  Fremont  campaign 
and  became  associated  with  the  Chicago  "News," 
edited  and  controlled  by  the  Republican  element, 
and  which  did  much  to  bring  the  party  into  promi- 
nence before  the  country.  In  1857  he  became  a 
manufacturer  and  dealer  in  lumber  at  Logansport, 
Ind.,  and  also  taught  school  there  and  at  La  Fay- 
ette,  Ind.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
offered  a  position  as  adjutant  in  an  Indiana  regi- 
ment, but  could  not  qualify  on  account  of  his 
health.  In  1863  he  returned  to  his  Iroquois  county 
farm,  and  soon  became  a  factor  in  public  affairs. 
He  served  six  years  as  township  supervisor,  and 
•Was  county  clerk  in  1869-73.  During  this  period  he 
purchased  soldiers'  land  warrants  and  invested 
largely  in  Vermilion  county  property,  including 
land  on  the  present  site  of  Hoopeston,  111.,  to  which 
place  he  removed  in  1873,  laid  out  the  town,  and 
later  added  two  subdivisions  to  the  city  plat,  tak- 
ing an  active  part  in  the  development  of  the  em- 
bryo city  and  its  resources.  He  served  as  mayor 
during  1879-80,  and  assisted  largely  in  creating  and 
fostering  the  sentiment  which  has  made  Hoopes- 
ton saloonless.  He  was  a  factor  in  organizing  can- 
ning and  sugar  industries,  meanwhile  continuing 
his  agricultural  interests,  and  becoming  proprietor 
of  another  thousand  acre  farm.  He  donated  the 


AI.l'.A  HONEYWELL 
FINANCIER 


WILLIAM  M.  COPELAXD 

LAWYER 


JOHN  T.  BAILEY 

LAWYER 


ALBERT  L.  BARTHOLOMEW 
LAWYER  AND  BANKER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


403 


land  for  the  Hoopeston  Public  Library,  in  winch  a 
large  bronze  tablet  has  been  erected  to  his  mcmoiy 
by  the  Mary  Hartwell  Catherwood  Club  of  HOOJICS- 
ton.  He  was  a  founder  aud  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Watseka,  and  continued  to  buy 
land  until  he  owned  2,000  acres  in  Vermilion  and 
Iroquois  counties,  besides  other  real  estate  holdings 
in  Cook,  Lake  and  Scott  counties,  111.,  and  in  Lake 
and  Marion  counties,  Fla.,  the  latter  including  a 
large  orange  grove.  He  was  interested  in  canning 
at  Ludington,  Mich.,  where  he  owned  a  large  fruit 
farm;  owned  the  Hygiana  springs  and  hotel  near 
Boswell,  Ind.,  a  summer  estate  at  Lake  Bluff,  north 
of  Chicago,  and  had  extensive  investments  in  lands 
in  Cuba.  In  1SS4  he  became  identified  with  the 
activities  of  the  Prohibition  party.  While  he  had 
controlled  extensive  and  important  private  business 
interests  which  constantly  enhanced  his  individual 
prosperity,  yet  he  found  time  to  promote  the  general 
welfare  and  give  generous  support  and  hard  work  to 
innumerable  good  causes.  Few  men  occupied  such  an 
exalted  position  in  the  regard  of  their  fellow  citizens 
as  did  Alba  Honeywell,  not  because  of  his  surress, 
but  rather  berause  of  his  sterling  qualities  of  man 
hood.  He  was  a  poet  nnd  philosopher,  a  man  of  high 
Heals  aud  a  deep  thinker.  His  discussions  as  to 
' '  What  is  right ' '  were  decidedly  interesting  to  those 
who  were  favored  with  his  confidence,  and  no  one 
could  hear  him  without  being  benefited.  He  was  mar- 
ried Apr.  3,  1851,  to  Cornelia,  daughter  of  Dr.  Au- 
son  Andrews,  physician,  of  Schuyler  county,  N.  Y.; 
she  died  in  1904.  There  are  four  children:  E.  Es- 
tella  Honeywell,  who  married  J.  C.  Cromer;  Flor- 
ence A.  Honeywell,  who  married  Maj.  A.  H.  Trego; 
Lillian  A.  Honeywell,  who  married  T.  Allen  1-Vall. 
and  Sarah  E.  Honeywell,  wife  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Enrol. 
He  died  at  Hoopeston,  111.,  Feb.  4,  1916. 

COPELAND,  William  Monroe,  lawyer,  was 
born  at  Kent,  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  Aug.  16,  1859, 
son  of  William  H.  and  Ladema  H.  (Chambers') 
Copeland.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
•was  Lawrence  Copeland,  a  descendant  of  Sir  John 
Copeland.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
in  1650,  and  settled  at  Braintree,  Mass.  His  wife 
was  Lydia  Townsend,  and  from  them  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  William  and 
his  wife  Mary  Bass;  their  son  William,  and  his 
•wife  Mary  Thayer;  their  son  William  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Smith;  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Mary 
Elliuwood,  and  their  son  James  Copeland  and  his 
wife  Mary  Phillips,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
William  Monroe  Copeland.  He  was  educated 
at  Independence  Academy,  Kentucky,  and  at 
Hanover  (Ind.)  College.  He  then  entered  the 
U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  from 
which  he  resigned  before  graduation  to  study  law 
at  Madison,  Ind.,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Hon. 
Eugene  G.  Hay,  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  Fifth 
Judicial  Circuit  of  Indiana.  In  18SO  'he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Indiana,  and  shortly  there- 
after was  made  deputy  prosecuting  attorney  at 
Madison,  Ind.,  which  position  he  held  two  year?. 
At  twenty-two  he  was  elected  Republican  member 
of  the  Indiana  house  of  representatives,  being  the 
youngest  man  ever  elected  to  that  body.  He 
served  two  terms  and  his  record  was  regarded  as 
the  most  brilliant  for  a  young'  man  that  has  ever 
been  made  in  a  state  legislature.  He  was  a  leader 
in  debate,  and  active  committee  worker,  serving 
33  a  member  of  the  ways  and  means  and  other 
important  committees.  As  the  ranking  minority 
member  of  the  committee  on  benevolent  and  scien- 
tific institutions  he  had  much  to  do  with  the 
legislation  which  gave  Indiana  three  new  hos- 
pitals for  the  insane,  at  Evansville,  Logansport 


and  Richmond.  He  was  chairman  of  the  joint 
house  and  senate  committee  appointed  to  visit  the 
flooded  cities  and  towns  of  the  Ohio  River  Valley 
in  southern  Indiana  during  the  great  flood  of 
18S3,  and  was  the  only  member  of  the  original 
committee  to  weather  the  hardships  and  expo- 
sures of  the  trip  through  to  the  end.  His  care- 
fully itemized  report  secured  an  appropriation  of 
$100,000  for  the  flood  sufferers — the  exact 
amount  recommended  in  hig  report — in  preference 
to  the  report  of  the  senate  committee,  which  was 
against  any  appropriation  whatsoever.  In  1885  he 
was  the  pioneer  in  the  movement  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  state  commission  to  select  a  uniform 
system  of  school  books,  provided  by  the  state  at 
cost,  and  to  be  furnished  free  to  the  poor,  a  move- 
ment which  has  since  become  general  throughout 
the  country.  He  was  appointed  the  leading  minor- 
ity member  of  the  committee  on  congressional  and 
legislative  apportionments  and  led  the  fight  in  the 
house  against  the  political  gerrymander  of  1885. 
In  1894  Mr.  Copeland  settled  in'  Chicago,  and  for 
ten  years  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Charl- 
ton  &  Copelaud,  with  Hon.  Francis  M.  Charlton, 
of  Indiana.  Since  1904  he  has  practiced  indepen- 
dently, largely  in  the  Federal  courts,  not  only 
in  Illinois,  but  also  in  New  York,  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin and  other  states,  his  clients  being  located 
in  nearly  every  country  of  Europe,  as  well  as  in 
North  aud  South  America.  One  of  his  achievements 
was  the  establishing  of  the  "Angostura"  trade- 
mark in  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals,  Chicago, 
and  afterwards  in  that  court  in  New  York,  in  a 
case  involving  the  same  questions,  fourteen  years 
after  one  of  the  most  distinguished  American 
lawyers  had  failed  to  establish  the  trade-mark, 
and  nearly  thirty-five  years  after  the  beginning 
of  a  long  series  of  suits  in  South  America,  Eng- 
land and  the  United  States,  in  which  counsel  in 
all  these  countries  had  failed  to  establish  the 
trade-mark  in  question.  His  reputation  for  win- 
ning difficult  cases  has  repeatedly  brought  liti- 
gants across  the  ocean  seeking  his  advice  in  eases 
involving  intricate  questions  of  law.  As  an  advo- 
cate he  is  clear,  concise  and  convincing,  and  his 
success  at  the  bar  is  attributable  to  his  energy, 
his  power  of  concentration  and  skill  in  analyzing 
each  phase  of  the  case  at  hand.  As  an  orator  he 
possesses  rare  powers  of  logic  and  eloquence,  and 
has  won  many  laiurels  on  the  stump  and  platform. 
He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  travel,  and  is  inter- 
ested also  in  art  and  archaeology.  He  has  deliv- 
ered numerous  lectures  on  foreign  travel.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  bar  associations,  Chicago  Asso- 
ciation of  West  Pointers,  and  he  is  a  Knight 
Templar,  a  Shriuer  and  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He 
was  married  Sept.  23,  1SS5,  to  Clara  E.,  daughter 
of  John  F.  Bruuing,  a  manufacturer,  of  Madison, 
Ind.  Mrs.  Copeland  is  an  artist,  being  a  pupil  of 
renowned  French  and  Belgian  masters,  and,  with 
her  husband,  she  has  traveled  extensively. 

BAILEY,  John  Tyley,  lawyer  and  banker,  was 
born  in  Somersetshire,  Eug.,  Dec.  20,  1868,  son 
of  Ben  Tyley  aud  Mary  (Bird)  Bailey.  His  father, 
an  Englishman  by  birth,  was  later  an  attorney  in 
a  law  office  in  Melbourne,  Australia,  and  subse- 
quently prospected  for  gold  in  that  country  and 
Nev«  Zealand.  In  1881  the  family  located  in 
Charles  City,  la.,  where  the  elder  Bailey  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  plows.  John  T.  Bailey  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  Charles 
City,  and  was  graduated  A.B.  at  the  University  of 
Iowa  in  1890.  Subsequently  he  pursued  a  course 
at  the  Chicago  College  of  Law,  then  a  department 
of  Lake  Forest  University,  and"  was  graduated 


404 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


with  the  degree  of  LL.E.  in  1S92.  Thereafter  he 
practiced  his  profession  in  Chicago  until  1899, 
when  he  removed  to  Eureka  Springs,  Ark.,  and 
there  engaged  in  writing  for  magazines  and  news- 
papers on  outdoor  topics.  In  1902-04  he  served 
as  city  attorney  for  Charles  City,  but  in  the  latter 
year  located  at  Talihina,  Okla.,  where  he  estab- 
lished and  became  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Talihina,  continuing  until  1909.  In  190fi 
he  platted  the  town  of  Albion,  Okla.,  and  there 
founded  the  First  State  Bank  of  Albion,  which 
he  has  served  as  president  until  the  present  time 
(1918).  He  is  also  president  of  the  First  State 
Bank  of  Tuskahoma;  vice-president  of  the  Farm- 
ers' and  Merchants'  State  Bank  of  Taliliina,  and 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Talihina ;  president 
of  the  Southeastern  Oklahoma  Bankers '  Associa- 
tion; chairman,  Group  5,  of  the  Oklahoma  bank- 
ers' Association,  anil  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Oklahoma  Banker's  Association. 
He  is  chairman  of  the  local  branch  of  the  Red 
Cross  Society  and  of  the  local  council  of  the  Ameri- 
can Defence  Society;  former  wrretnry  of  the 
Charles  City  lodge  of  Elks,  and  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  His  favorite  diversions  are 
shooting,  lawn  tennis  and  golf.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Republican,  and  his  religious  affiliation  is  witli 
the  Congregational  church.  His  clubs  are:  Dor- 
nick  Hills  Country  Club,  Ardmore,  Oklahoma.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  was 
married  Oct.  20,  1*97,  to  Estella  Strasburger, 
daughter  of  John  Miller,  a  wool  and  leather  mer- 
chant of  Chicago,  111.,  and  has  one  child,  John 
Miller  Bailey. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  Albert  Lloyd,  lawyer  and 
banker,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  June  19, 
1S41,  son  of  Eli  and  Portia  (Sherman)  Bartholo- 
mew. His  first  American  ancestor  was  William 
Bartholomew,  a  native  of  Burford,  England,  who 
came  over  in  16::4  in  company  with  the  Rev. 
Zachary  Symmes  (q.v.),  Mrs.  Anne  Hutchinsoii 
and  John  Lothrop,  and  settled  in  the  Massachu- 
setts Bay  colony.  His  wife  was  Anne  Lord,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  William  and  his  wife  Mary  Porter;  their 
son  Isaac  and  his  w-ife  Rebecca  Frisbie;  their  son 
Abraham  and  his  wife  Hannah  Page;  their  son 
Jacob  and  his  wife  Sarah  Gridley,  to  their  son 
Jacob  Bartholomew  and  his  wife  Rebecca  Beach, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Albert  L.  Bartholo- 
mew. His  father  was  a  broker  and  merchant  of 
Cleveland,  0.,  and  young  Bartholomew  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  at  Bryant  &  Strat- 
um's Business  College  in  that  city.  He  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  grades  and  qualities  of  stone 
and  of  marble  cutting  from  his  father,  who  had 
gone  into  the  marble  business  and  established  a 
marble  business  with  his  brother,  Charles,  in  Bel- 
videre,  111.,  in  1859.  During  1S6U-61  he  was  inter- 
ested in  a  mercantile  business  in  New  York  city, 
subsequently  returning  to  Belvidere  and  purchas- 
ing his  brother 's  business.  Devoting  spare  mo- 
ments to  the  study  of  law,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
Iowa  bar  in  1868,  having  removed  to  that  state  in 
1864.  In  1S70  he  settled  at  Preston,  la.,  and  the 
following  year  established  the  first  bank  which 
became  the  First  National  Bank  of  Preston,  of 
which  he  was  president  until  his  death.  He  was 
soon  admitted  to  practice  in  all  the  courts  of  Iowa, 
including  the  supreme  court  and  the  U.  S.  district 
court.  In  1875  he  became  local  attorney  for  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  Co.  He 
was  a  33d  degree  Mason,  and  politically  was  a 
Republican.  He  had  in  an  unusual  degree  the 
power  of  intensive  application  and  continued  in- 


dustry, and  was  painstaking  and  thorough  in 
research.  He  had  much  personal  charm.  He  was 
married  Aug.  17,  1863,  to  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of 
John  B.  Bt>ckwith,  a  farmer,  of  Belvidere,  and 
had  three  children:  George  Eli,  Eugene  Albert, 
and  Gertrude,  who  became  the  wife  of  Harlan 
rpdegraff.  He  died  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Jan. 
2,s,  101S.  (Pin-trait  onposite  p.  403). 

CHITTENDEN,  Hiram  Martin,  brigadier- 
general  U.  S.  army  (ret.) ,  civil  and  military 
engineer,  historian,  was  born  in  Yorkshire  towp., 
( 'attaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  25,  1858,  son  of  Will- 
iam Fletcher  and  Mary  Jane  (Wheeler)  Chitten- 
den.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
William  Chittenden,  who  came  from  Kent,  Eng- 
land, in  1639,  and  with  his  company  settled  at 
Guilford,  Conn.,  where  he  was  a  leading  member 
of  the  settlement  and  prominent  in  the  colony  dur- 
ing his  life.  His  wife  was  Joanna  Sheaffe,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son  John  and  his  wife  Hannah  Fletcher; 
their  son  Joseph  and  hi.s  wife  Mary  Kimberly; 
their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Patience  Stone; 
their  son  Moses  and  his  wife  Hannah  Ingraham; 
their  sou  Benjamin,  and  his  son  Hiram  and  his  wife 
Emily  Payne,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  Hiram 
Martin  Chittenden.  William  Fletcher  Chittenden, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  farmer,  was  for  a 
brief  period  a  private  soldier  in  the  Federal  army 
during  the  civil  war.  Hiram  Martin  Chittenden 
was  for  six  months  a  student  at  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, and  was  graduated  third  in  his  class  at  the 
U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  in  1884.  On 
graduation  he  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant, 
corps  of  engineers;  promoted  1st  lieutenant  in 
1886;  graduated  at  the  Engineer  School  of  Appli- 
cation in  1887;  became  captain  in  l.sOo,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war  was  made 
lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers  and  chief  engineer 
of  the  4th  army  corps.  He  became  a  major  in 
the  regular  engineer  service  in  1904;  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  1908.  In  1910  he  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  and  retired  for  disability  in- 
i-ident  to  the  service.  During  1891-92  and  again 
•luring  1899-06  he  was  in  charge  of  road  work  in 
Yellowstone  Park.  The  system  of  tourist  routes 
in  that  park,  as  they  now  exist,  in  location  and 
construction,  is  mainly  a  development  of  his  ad- 
ministration there.  Among  the  notable  structures 
are  the  basalt  arch  at  the  north  entrance,  the 
Golden  Gate  viaduct,  and  the  reinforced  concrete 
bridge  over  the  Yellowstone  just  above  the  Upper 
Falls.  Among  the  more  interesting  pieces  of  road 
location  and  construction  are  the  road  through 
Sylvan  Pass  on  the  eastern  approach ;  that  through 
the  travertine  rocks  above  Mammoth  Hot  Springs; 
that  under  the  overhanging  cliffs  near  Tower 
Falls,  and,  particularly,  the  loop,  or  side  road, 
over  the  summit  of  Mt.  Washburn.  This  last  sec- 
tion of  road  was  christened  in  honor  of  the  builder 
by  the  secretary  of  the  interior  while  on  the  sum- 
mit of  the  mountain,  Aug.  2,  1913.  In  1896-97  he 
made  an  investigation  and  report  upon  reservoir 
sites  in  the  arid  regions  under  a  small  allotment 
from  the  river  and  harbor  bill  of  1896.  The  work 
was  assigned  to  him  while  serving  as  secretary  of 
the  Missouri  river  commission  with  station  in  St. 
Louis.  He  visited  many  sections  of  the  West,  pre- 
paring estimates  on  several  reservoir  sites,  and 
submitted  an  exhaustive  report  which  was  printed 
as  house  document  No.  141,  55th  congress,  2d  ses- 
sion, and  was  largely  reprinted  in  the  ' '  Congres- 
sional Record."  Its  discussion  of  the  general  sub- 
ject of  reservoirs,  as  affecting  stream  flow,  has  be- 
come a  work  of  reference.  As  the  report  advo- 


OF     AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY.                                                             405 

cated  government  aid  in  irrigation  work,  at  least  many  technical  papers  and  reports,  some  prepared 
to  the  extent  of  storing  water,  it  became  popular  on  his  own  authority  and  others  as  a  member  of 
throughout  the  West  and  was  a  potent  factor  in  boards  or  commissions.  He  is  author  also  of  "The 
educating  congress  to  the  necessity  of  taking  ac-  Yellowstone  National  Park,  Historical  and  De- 
tion  in  that  important  matter.  While  serving  as  scriptive, "  (1895;  1st  revision,  1005;  2d  revision, 
chief  engineer  of  the  4th  army  corps,  stationed  1915);  "The  American  Fur  Trade  of  the  Far 
for  a  period  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  he  worked  out  a  West,"  (3  vols.,  1902)  ;  "History  of  Navigation 
system  of  water  supply  for  the  various  camps.  He  on  the  Missouri  River,"  (2  vols.,  1903);  "Life 
completely  remodeled,  on  behalf  of  the  city,  the  and  Letters  of  Father  De  Smet, ' '  with  A.  T.  Rich- 
park  which  surrounds  the  spring  which  breaks  out  ardson,  (4  vols.,  1905)  ;  "War  or  Peace,"  (1911)  ; 
of  a  rock  in  the  heart  of  Huntsville,  and  which  also  many  articles  on  social,  historical  and  other 
has  always  been  the  source  of  local  supply.  The  topics  in  current  magazines,  and  sonle  verse.  "The 
plan,  worked  out,  including  a  canal,  a  waterfall  Harbor  Island  Episode,"  an  unpublished  historic 
and  a  fountain,  has  proven  an  attractive  perma-  document,  written  by  him,  is  filed  for  reference  in 
nent  feature.  While  stationed  at  Sioux  City,  dur-  the  Seattle  public  library.  He  is  inventor  of  the 
ing  1S99-1906,  he  prepared  plans  and  supervised  "  C'hittenden  Drum  Weir,"  a  form  of  movable 
the  construction  of  the  Floyd  monument,  an  obe-  dam  to  be  raised  in  low  water  and  lowered  in  high 
lisk  100  feet  high,  erected  on  the  bluffs  of  the  water.  His  persistent  and  never-ceasing  applica- 
Missouri  river  over  the  grave  of  Sergt.  Charles  tion  to  work  was  his  dominant  characteristic.  He 
Floyd  of  the  Lewis  &  Clark  Expedition,  the  first  married  at  Arcade,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  30,  1884,  Nettie 
American  soldier  to  die  in  the  service  west  of  Mae,  daughter  of  Frederick  Parker,  a  farmer  of 
Mississippi  river.  In  1906  he  laid  out  a  road.  Western  New  York;  they  have  three  children: 
which  has  since  been  built,  to  the  summit  of  Rubi-  Eleanor  Mary  (1892),  Hiram  Martin,  Jr.,  (1894), 
doux  mountain,  a  conspicuous  granite  eminence  in  and  Theodore  Parker  Chittendeu  (1901).  Eleanor 
the  city  of  Riverside,  Cal.  He  gave  special  atten-  Mary  was  married  Sept.  14,  1916,  to  Capt.  James 
tion  to  the  relation  of  forest?  to  stream  flow,  and  Cress,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.  He  died  at 
to  problems  of  flood  control,  and  was  an  authority  Seattle,  Wash.,  Oct.  9,  1917. 

an  such  matters.  Ranking  with  his  road  work  and  WILLIAMS,  Frank  Leslie,  banker,  was 
his  efforts  in  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  arid  born  at  Erie,  Pa.,  Oct.  S,  1855,  son  of  Amos  S.  and 
land  reclamation,  was  the  publication,  in  1908,  of  Hanna  (Stewart)  Williams,  Erie,  Pa.  Frank  L. 
a.  paper  repudiating  in  toto  the  Pinchot  theory  of  Williams  received  his  education  in  the  public 
the.  influence  of  forests  upon  stream  flow.  Maj.  schools  of  Erie  and  at  Williams  College.  He  be- 
Chittendc-u's  field  experience  in  the  Yellowstone  gan  his  business  career  at  Erie  in  1876,  as  book- 
and  elsewhere  and  his  study  of  the  records  of  keeper  with  the  firm  of  Churchill  and  Williams, 
stream  gauge  in  America  and  Europe  convinced  wholesale  grain  dealers.  As  a  grain  commission 
him  that  the  theory  of  Pinchot  and  his  followers  merchant  at  Erie,  which  is  an  important  eastern 
was  fallacious,  and  he  prepared  a  paper  under  the  port  on  the  Great  Lakes,  he  became  widely  known. 
title  "Forests  and  Reservoirs  in  their  Relation  to  About  1890  he  became  connected  with  various  in- 
Stream  Flow."  This  was  presented  to  the  Ameri-  vestment  enterprises  in  North  Dakota,  making  f re- 
can  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  and  published  for  quent  trips  to  the  northwest,  but  retaining  his 
discussion  in  its  "Proceedings."  Leading  en-  residence  at  Erie.  In  1902,  however,  he  settled 
gim'ors  everywhere  supported  the  author 's  view.  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  where  at  once  he  became  a 
The  fundamental  principles  laid  down  have  since  dominant  factor  in  banking  circles.  He  was  active 
been  accepted  by  the  engineering  profession  in  in  the  development  of  northeast  Minneapolis,  in  a 
general.  The  vicissitudes  of  service  led  him  to  prosperous  section  known  as  the  New  Boston 
specialize  in  the  science  of  flood  control,  and  he  addition  to  the  city,  which  was  largely  built  up 
has  been  connected  with  the  problems  of  the  up-  by  the  Soo  Railroad.  Here  he  founded  the  Central 
per  and  lower  Mississippi,  the  Missouri  and  several  State  Bank,  of  which  he  was  president  until  his 
of  its  tributaries,  the  Sacramento,  Duwamish,  death,  at  which  time  it  was  regarded  as  one  of 
Puyallup,  Miami  and  Scioto  rivers.  In  19114  lie  the  most  flourishing  financial  institutions  in  the 
was  chairman  of  the  commission  appointed  by  the  fity.  The  Central  State,  however,  was  one  of  his 
secretary  of  the  interior  to  consider  changes  in  the  smaller  banking  connections.  In  1902  he  was  one 
boundaries  of  the  Yosemite  Park,  and  his  sugges-  Of  the  founders  of  the  Minnesota  National  Bank, 
tions  were  substantially  enacted  into  law.  He  was  Of  which  he  became  vice-president  and  active 
also  member,  in  1904,  of  a  commission  appointed  manager,  and  which  he  subsequently  merged  with 
by  the  governor  of  California  to  devise  a  system  the  Scandinavian-American  National  Bank.  Hav- 
for  the  control  of  the  floods  of  the  Sacramento  ing  brought  about  this  merger  he  practically  re- 
River.  In  1906  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Lake  tired  from  active  business  cares,  except  to  look 
Washington  canal  project  to  connect  Puget  Sound  after  his  personal  interests.  In  lv.17  he  was  one 
with  the  lakes  in  and  bordering  upon  the  city  of  of  four  founders  of  a  fraternal  insurance  organiza- 
Seattle,  and  its  president  during  the  first  three  tion  incorporated  at  Cedar  Rapids,  la.,  and  known 
reports  and  estimates  of  cost  for  congress.  The  chief  as  the  Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen.  It  now 
feature  of  this  work,  completed  in  1916,  is  the  flourishes  in  many  states  as  "The  Yeoman." 
lock  separating  the  tidal  waters  of  the  Sound  from  When  he  began  to"  center  his  interests  in  Minne- 
the  non-tidal  waters  of  the  lakes.  The  lock  is  ex-  apolls  he  sold  his  holdings  in  the  Yeomen.  He 
ceeded  in  dimensions  by  those  of  Panama  and  was  a  life  member  of  the  Minneapolis  Athletic 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  alone.  During  1911-15,  inclu-  Club,  member  of  Business  Banking  Club  of  Minne- 
Bive,  he  was  a  member  of  the  port  commission  of  apolis,  and  Lafayette  club,  and  a  communicant 
Seattle,  and  its  president  during  the  first  three  of  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church.  His  political 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Society  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party.  The 
of  Civil  Engineers,  Pacific  Northwest  Society  of  Central  State  Bank  was  his  pet  project,  and  its 
Engineers,  Rainier  and  Arctic  clubs,  Seattle;  hon-  unique  success  pleased  him  more  than  did  that  of 
orary  member  of  Missouri  Historical  Society;  any  other  business  venture  with  which  he  was 
charter  and  honorary  member  Phi  Beta  Kappa  connected,  and  he  had  been  identified  with  many. 
(Alpha  chapter,  Washington)  Society.  He  wrote  His  part  in  the  develwpmeot  of  the  northeast  sec- 


4<n; 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


tion  of  Minneapolis  made  his  name  known  through- 
out the  entire  city.  Prom  his  jiasterly  ability  as  a 
:ommunity  builder,  and  his  power  to  make  others 
see  and  believe  in  the  future  of  New  Boston,  much 
good  has  accrued.  His  >vas  a  firm  character,  rich 
in  the  attributes  of  dignity,  honor,  gentleness  and 
worth.  He  married  at  Algona,  Iowa,  June  19, 
1895,  Mary  Edith,  daughter  of  A.  D.  Clarke,  a 
banker  of  Algona,  Iowa ;  she  survives  him,  with 
one  child:  Sterling  Clarke.  Mr.  Williams  died  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  July  S,  1916. 

AMES.  Wardwell,  grain  merchant  and  miller, 
was  born  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1846,  son  of 
George  and  Emily  (Adams)  Ames.  His  father 
was  also  in  the  grain  business.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools  of 
Oswego  and  at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  entered  the  milling  and 
elevator  business  at  Oswego,  then  an  important 
center  of  the  milling  trade  in  the  United  States. 
In  1SS1  he  removed  to  Fargo,  N.  D.,  and  five  years 
later  to  Duluth,  Minn.,  where  he  became  an  in- 
dependent grain  operator  and  a  leader  in  the  trade 
at  the  head  of  the  Great  Lakes.  In  1S90.  with 
Messrs.  T.  R.  and  A.  S.  Brooks  he  organized  the 
Ames-Brooks  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president  until 
his  death.  Mr.  Ames  was  a  progressive  business 
man,  a  civic  leader  and  a  dominant  factor  in 
church  and  religious  welfare  work  in  Duluth.  He 
was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Duluth 
Board  of  Trade,  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  and  chairman  of  the  finance  com- 
mittee of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. ;  was  also  on  the 
St.  Louis  county  poor  board;  a  director  in  the 
Bethel  Society,  a  member  of  the  Kitchi  Gammi 
Club,  and  contributed  towards  the  establishment 
and  maintenance  of  adequate  hospital  facilities  in 
Duluth.  He  was  a  charter  member  and  builder  of 
the  First  Congregational  Church  at  Fargo,  and  in 
Duluth  he  became  treasurer  and  subsequently 
served  as  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of 
Pilgrim  Congregational  Church.  As  a  citizen  and 
man  of  affairs  he  commanded  universal  respect  and 
honor.  He  was  ililigent  in  all  things,  fervent  in 
spirit,  serving  tin1  Lord,  and  in  him  the  highest  of 
Christian  ideals  found  abundant  expression.  His 
favorite  salutation  of  "neighbor"  furnishes  the  key 
to  those  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  which  endeared 
him  to  an  unusually  wide  circle  of  friends.  Per- 
sonally he  was  a  man  of  extremely  interesting  and 
genial  characteristics.  He  was  fond  of  music,  had 
an  unusual  gift  for  anecdote,  and  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  out-of-door  sports,  especially  hunting 
and  fishing.  He  was  married  at  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  4,  Is72,  to  Clara,  daughter  of  Lucius  Strong, 
a  merchant  of  Oswego.  She  survives  him,  with  two 
children:  Wardwell,  Jr.,  and  Florence  Emily,  wife 
of  Rufus  H.  Draper.  He  died  at  Duluth,  Minn., 
Mar.  21,  IfllO. 

FISHER.  Walter  Lowrie,  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior under  Pres.  Taft,  was  born  ia  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.,  July  4,  1862,  son  of  Daniel  Webster  and 
Amanda  D.  (Kouns)  Fisher,  of  Pennsylvania 
Revolutionary  stock.  Grandson  of  Daniel  and  Mar- 
tha (Middlesworth)  Fisher,  great-grandson  of 
Michael,  and  great-grent-grandson  of  John  Fisher, 
who  came  from  Alsace  in  1700  and  settled  in 
Pennsylvania  probably  in  what  is  now  Berks 
county.  His  father  (q.v.)  was  a  president  of  Han- 
over college,  Hanover,  Ind.,  and  its  greatest  ad- 
ministrator. He  was  educated  at  Marietta  (Ohio) 
College  and  was  graduated  at  Hanover  college 
in  1883  after  which  he  studied  law  in  the  office 
of  Wirt  Dexter,  solicitor  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington and  Quincr  Eailroad  in  Chicago,  111.  He 


was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18S8,  and  practiced 
at  Chicago  during  18S8-1911  (being  one  of  the 
firm  of  Matz,  Fisher  and  Boyden) .  In  1*89  he 
became  special  assessment  attorney  of  the  City 
of  Chicago  and  was  connected  with  the  department 
of  public  works,  the  latter  office  being  chiefly 
concerned  with  such  matters  as  special  taxes  and 
assessments,  the  betterment  of  streets  and  ques- 
tions of  eminent  domain  arising  out  of  street  open- 
ings and  extensions,  water,  lighting  and  sewer  im- 
provements. He  was  active  in  the  work  of  the 
Municipal  Voters'  League,  a  local  organization 
engaged  in  municipal  reform,  serving  as  its  secre- 
tary in  1901-06,  and  its  president  in  1906.  Mr. 
Fisher  attracted  wide  attention  by  the  way  he 
solved  the  street  railway  franchise  question  which 
had  dominated  local  politics  in  Chicago  for  many 
years  and  had  involved  both  the  city  council  and 
the  state  legislature  especially  in  the  efforts  of  the 
companies  to  secure  fifty  year  franchises  on  terms 
and  by  means  claimed  to  be  contrary  to  public 
interests.  Mayor  Edward  F.  Dunne  -went  into 
ollice  pledged  to  immediate  municipal  ownership. 
The  Municipal  Voters '  League  had  adopted  a  plat- 
form recommending  that  street  railway  franchises 
should  not  exceed  20  years  in  length  and  should 
provide  for  compensation  to  the  city  and  the  right 
of  the  city  to  regulate  rates.  Mayor  Dunne  failed 
to  carry  out  his  scheme  for  the  reorganization  of 
the  Yerkes  traction  properties,  and  in  1907  called 
on  Mr.  Fisher,  though  a  Republican,  to  serve  as 
special  traction  counsel  for  the  city.  In  this  posi- 
tion he  drafted  a  street  railroad  ordinance  provid- 
ing for  a  twenty  year  franchise  under  which  full 
protection  was  given  to  the  security  holders  and 
which  assured  the  city  of  Chicago  55  per  cent  of 
the  net  profit,  with  the  right  to  purchase  the 
property  on  fair  terms.  He  also  drafted  the 
Mueller  law  of  Illinois,  which  legalizes  municipal 
ownership  of  street  railways  and  the  law  dealing 
with  the  regulation  of  gas  and  electric  lighting  and 
power  rates.  In  1908  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  National  Conservation  League  which  had  for  its 
object  the  advance  of  public  sentiment  to  the  need 
of  the  conservation  of  the  natural  resources,  ia 
forests,  water  power,  mine  wealth  and  the  like. 
In  1910  Pres.  Taft  appointed  him  a  member  of  the 
Federal  Eailroad  Securities  Commission,  organized 
to  consider  questions  connected  with  the  regulation 
of  the  stock  and  bond  issues  of  railroads.  On  March 
13,  1911,  he  entered  the  cabinet  of  Pres.  Taft  as 
secretary  of  the  interior  serving  until  the  end  of 
that  administration.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chi- 
cago Historical  Society,  the  University,  Chicago, 
City,  Chicago  Literary,  Cliff  Dwellers,  and  Old 
Elm  clubs  of  Chicago  and  the  Metropolitan,  Chevy 
Chase,  and  Cosmos  of  Washington.  Mr.  Fisher 
was  married  April  22,  1S91,  to  Mabel,  daughter  of 
Frederick  B.  Taylor  of  Boston  and  has  five  sons 
and  two  daughters:  Walter  Taylor;  Arthur; 
Frederick  Taylor;  Thomas  Hart ;  Margaret; 
Howard  Taylor;  and  Ruth  Fisher. 

LYNCH,  John  A.,  banker,  was  born  in  Chicago, 
111.,  June  11,  1853,  son  of  Thomas  and  Ann  (Flana- 
gan) Lynch.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Barntick, 
County  Clare,  Ireland,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1845,  settling  in  Chicago,  111.,  where  he 
became  connected  with  the  Crosby  Distillery.  He 
acquired  an  interest  in  this  business,  and  conducted 
it  under  the  name  of  Thomas  Lynch  &  Co.  and 
later  H.  H.  Shufeldt  &  Co.,  with'  marked  success 
until  1891,  when  it  was  sold  to  Lyman  J.  Gage. 
John  A.  Lynch  received  his  preparatory  education 
in  the  Chicago  public  schools.  After  graduation  at 
Dyreuforth  college  in  1869,  he  took  a  business 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


407 


Course  at  Bryant  &  Stratton  Business  college,  re- 
ceiving  his  diploma  at  the  expiration  of  six  mouths, 
The  next  day  he  entered  the  firm  of  Thomas  Lynch 
&  Company,  distillers,  which  shortly  afterwards  was 
converted  into  the  firm  of  H.  H.  Shufeldt  &  Com- 
pany,  his  father  Thomas  Lynch  then  being  the 
head  of  this  pioneer  distilling  business.  In  1S91 
Messrs.  H.  H.  Shufeldt  &  Co.  sold  their  business 
and  Mr.  Lynch  decided  to  retire  from  business  and 
enter  on  an  extended  course  of  travel,  but  the  direc- 
tors  of  the  National  Bank  of  the  Republic,  of 
which  he  had  been  one  of  the  organizers,  urged 
him  to  participate  in  its  management  and,  with 
(•haracteristic  thoroughness  and  devotion  to  duty 
he  addressed  himself  to  the  task  with  such  satisfac- 
tory  results  that  in  January,  1892,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  institution,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  The  bank  opened  for  business  Aug.  3,  1891, 
and  in  January,  1892,  when  Mr.  Lynch  became  its 
presideut,  its  capital  was  $1,000,000,  no  surplus, 
undivided  profits  $17,342.35,  deposits  $1,156,801.55. 
On  July  1,  1902,  the  bank's  capital  was  increased 
to  $2,000,000.  The  surplus  on  that  date  was 
$700,000  and  undivided  profits  $55,269.34,  deposits 
$14,600,466.  On  November  20,  1918,  the  capital 
was  $2,000,000,  surplus  $1,000,000,  undivided  prof- 
its  $348,316.53,  deposits  $M2,039,  115.88.  Since  Mr. 
Lynch  's  election  as  president  of  the  bank  in  1892, 
tlie  bank  has  paid  in  dividends  to  its  stockholders 
$2,725,000.  Mr.  Lynch  is  distinguished  by  a  keen 
sense  of  honor  and  loyalty  to  the  establishment  of 
which  he  is  the  head.  The  qualities  which  espe- 
cially  mark  his  administration  are  clear  discern- 
ment,  sound  judgment,  conservatism  of  policy  and 
personal  integrity.  Indicative  of  his  attitude  of 
fidelity,  not  only  towards  his  clients  but  also  to- 
wards  the  bank,  is  the  following  excerpt  from  the 
address  of  William  T.  Fenton,  vice-president  at  the 
fifteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  directors,  which 
address  was  spread  upon  the  minutes  and  made  a 
pr.rt  of  the  official  records  of  the  bank:  "The 
depth  of  my  feeling  in  this  matter  has  led  me  to 
speak  of  my  personal  debt  of  gratitude  to  John  A. 
Lynch  first]  but  I  would  not  be  understood  as  giv- 
ing  it  precedence  over  that  of  the  bank  itself,  in 
whose  behalf  I  would  say  that  its  President  has 
been  its  most  faithful  friend.  During  the  perilous 
days  of  1893,  1894,  1895  and  1896  the  President 
placed  his  entire  fortune  at  my  disposal,  in  case  it 
should  be  necessary  to  use  it  for  the  protection  of 
the  bank.  Time  and  again  he  sold  securities  at  a 
sacrifice  and  turned  the  money  into  the  vaults  of 
this  bank,  for  its  protection.  Once  during  the 
financial  panic  of  1893,  he  got  up  from  a  sick  bed 
and  came  to  me  one  morning  at  the  bank  to  tell  me 
that  he  had  money  enough  to  pay  every  dollar  that 
was  due  to  the  bank  's  depositors,  and  that  he  would 
do  it  if  necessary.  I  cannot  begin  to  enumerate 
the  instances  of  substantial  support  he  has  given  to 
the  bank  in  times  when  disaster  seemed  to  threaten 
its  career.  '  '  During  the  panic  of  1907,  the  National 
Bank  of  the  Republic,  at  considerable  expense, 
imported  $1,000,000  in  gold  to  meet  the  possible 
currency  requirements  of  its  customers  and  corre- 
spondents  and  increased  its  own  circulation  an  ad- 
ditional  million,  thus  obviating  the  necessity  for 
calling  a  single  loan  or  distressing  a  single  cus- 
tomer  during  the  entire  period  of  disturbance.  A 
dignified  and  gracious  bearing,  distinction  of  man- 
ner,  and  unceasing  but  quiet  activity  are  the  salient 
features  of  Mr.  Lynch  's  outward  personality.  He 
is  treasurer  of  the  Catholic  Church  Extension  So- 
ciety  and  of  the  Catholic  Home  Finding  Associa- 
tien  ;  past  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  St. 
Mary's  Training  School  (1904-17);  president  of 


the  Chicago  Clearing  House  Association  and  a 
member  of  the  Clearing  House  Committee;  a  gov- 
erning  member  of  the  Chicago  Art  Institute,  and 
a  member  of  the  Chicago,  Chicago  Athletic,  Bank- 
ers,  Mid-  Day,  Iroquois  and  Edgewater  Golf  clubs. 
His  favorite  recreation  is  traveling.  He  was  mar- 
ried,  Jan.  21,  1S96,  to  Clara  M.,  daughter  of  John 
Schmahl  of  Chicago. 

KIDD-KEY,  Lucy  Ann,  educator,  was  born  at 
Bardstowu,  Ivy.,  Nov.  1.1,  1x1:9,  daughter  of  Willis 
Strother  and  Esther  (Stevens)  Thornton;  grand- 
daughter  of  James  Thornton,  of  Kentucky,  and 
great-granddaughter  of  Sir  William  Thornton,  of 
Virginia.  On  the  maternal  side  she  was  of  dis- 
tinguished  South  Carolina  Huguenot  stock.  For 
the  most  part  her  education  was  acquired  at  Rev. 
Stuart  Robinson's  Institute  at  Georgetown,  Ky., 
where  she  specialized  in  literature  ami  history.  In 
her  nineteenth  year  she  married  a  southern  physi- 
cian-planter,  ami  took  up  her  residence  on  an  exten- 
sive  plantation  near  Yazoo  City,  Miss.  The  Civil  war 
brought  ruin  and  disaster  to  her  husband,  as  it 
did  to  so  many  others.  At  his  death,  after  a  long 
period  of  invalidism,  he  left  many  debts,  and  three 
small  children.  With  no  experience  in  business  she 
was  obliged  to  face  life  alone.  With  a  determina- 
tion  that  had  always  characterized  her  she  took  up 
the  management  of  her  affairs  without  any  out- 
side  assistance,  and  eventually  paid  off  every  cent 
of  obligation.  She  accepted  the  position  of  pre- 
siding  teacher  at  Whitworth  College,  Brookhaven, 
Miss.,  and  remained  there  ten  years.  In  1S88  she 
became  president  of  the  North  Texas  Female  Col- 
lege,  Sherman,  Tex.  This  institution  had  fallen 
into  disrepute,  and  had  not  been  opened  for  two 
years.  The  buildings  were  in  a  dilapidated  condi- 
tion,  and  but  partly  finished.  With  a  valuation  on 
the  property  of  $15,000  it  was  encumbered  with 
a  debt  of  $11,000.  After  a  personal  canvass  of  the 
state  she  reopened  the  college  with  sixty  boarders 
and  an  enrollment  of  nearly  one  hundred  students. 
The  history  of  the  school  since  that  time  has  been 
one  of  continuous  advancement,  and  as  an  insti- 
tution  for  the  education  of  young  women  it  is 
recognized  as  the  peer  of  any  school  in  the  south- 
west.  The  college  has  never  had  an  endowment, 
and  its  maintenance  has  been  due  entirely  to  her 
remarkable  management.  In  1908  she  organized  the 
Kidd-Key  Conservatory  of  Music  and  Art,  of  which 
she  became  the  president,  and  she  brought  to  Sber- 
man  some  of  the  ablest  teachers  of  the  old  world. 
The  college  has  sent  out  to  thousands  of  homes, 
in  the  south,  young  women  trained  in  cultured  and 
intellectual  surroundings.  A  leading  article  re- 
garding  her  under  the  title  of  "A  Great  Woman 
Educator  of  the  South,"  appeared  in  a  Boston 
periodical.  It  is  an  appropriate  tribute  to  her 
work  and  character,  and  its  concluding  paragraph 
states:  "Mrs.  Lucy  A.  Kidd-Key  is  a  queen  in 
her  realm.  It  is  beautiful  to  see  her  manage  that 
splendid  college,  which  has  grown  to  such  mam- 
moth  proportions  under  her  admirable  guidance." 
She  was  a  woman  of  fine  human  sympathies,  and 
her  charitable  activities  were  far-reaching.  Her 
life  was  an  inspiring  example  to  the  teachers  of 
the  South  and  of  the  nation.  She  was  married 
(1)  to  Dr.  Henry  Byrd  Kidd,  a  Kentuckiau  by 
birth.  He  died  in  1877,  and  she  was  married  (2), 
in  1S94,  to  Bishop  Joseph  S.  Key,  of  the  Metho- 
dist  Episcopal  Church.  He  survived  her.  Two 
children  by  the  first  union  also  survived  her: 
Sara,  who  married  Louis  Versel,  Sherman,  Tex., 
and  Edwin  Kidd,  an  educator  of  Sherman.  Lucy 
Ann  Kidd-Key  died  at  Sherman,  Tex.,  Sept.  13, 
1916.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  408). 


408 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOD^EDIA 


ROW,  Robert  Keable,  publisher,  was  born  at 
Woodstock,  Ont.,  Canada,  Aug.  2s,  1S5S,  son  of 
Robert  and  Eliza  (Keable)  Row.  His  father  was  a 
farmer.  He  was  educated  in  the  Ontario  public 
schools,  at  St.  Catherine  's  Collegiate  lustitute.  and 
was  graduated  at  the  Ottawa  Normal  School  in 
1SSO,  and  at  the  Queen's  University,  Kingston, 
Ont.,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1897.  As  a  fel- 
low in  education  he  also  took  post-graduate  work 
at  the  University  of  Chicago  during  1901-03.  He 
began  his  active  career  in  1877,  teaching  at  a  rural 
school  until  1883.  In  1885  he  became  principal 
cf  the  Model  Training  School  at  Kingston,  and 
in  1899  vice-principal  of  the  Normal  School  at 
Toronto,  and  in  that  year  became  general  agent  for 
D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.,  publishers,  of  Chicago,  remain- 
ing in  that  connection  until  1901.  During  1903-06 
he  served  as  superintendent  of  schools  at  Berwyn, 
111.,  and  as  instructor  in  the  extension  department 
of  the  University  of  Chicago.  In  1906  he  organ- 
ized the  firm  of  R.  K.  Row  &  Co.,  publishers  of 
educational  books,  and  since  1907  he  has  been 
president  and  chief  editor  of  its  successor.  Eow, 
Peterson  &  Co.  Mr.  Row  attained  high  rank  as  a 
public  educator  in  Canada  and  the  United  States, 
and  has  built  up  a  very  successful  publishing  busi- 
ness. From  the  first  he  set  a  new  standard  for 
school  books.  He  was  the  first  publisher  to  employ 
a  high  class  artist  to  make  original  illustrations  in 
three  colors  for  school  readers,  producing  books 
as  beautiful  and  attractive  in  every  way  as  the 
finest  books  published  for  the  trade.  He  is  the 
author  of:  "Graded  Exercises  in  Arithmetic" 
(1883);  "Practical  Language  Training"  (1892); 
"The  Natural  System  of  Vertical  Writing"  (1895- 
96);  "Studies  in  English"  (190G);  "Essential 
Studies  in  English",  vols.  1  and  2  (1907)  ;  "The 
Educational  Meaning  of  Manual  Arts  and  Indus- 
tries" (1909)  ;  "Work  and  Play  with  Language" 
(1917).  He  is  a  member  of  the  National  Educa- 
tional Association.  In  1915  he  proposed  the  or- 
ganization of  the  National  Association  of  Educa- 
tional Publishers  and  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  organization  until  completed  in  1917.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  in  religion  a 
Methodist.  His  clubs  are,  University  of  Evanston 
and  Union  League  of  Chicago;  he  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  Order,  Odd  Fellows  and  For- 
esters. Mr.  Row  's  dominating  personal  character- 
istics are  independence,  initiative,  a  progressive 
spirit,  industry,  dependability,  patience  and  per- 
sistence. He  was  married,  Dec.  28,  1S87,  to  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  James  Gillespie,  a  lumber  mer- 
chant of  St.  Catherines,  Ont.,  and  has  two  living 
children,  Ethel  Kathleen  and  Margaret  Elizabeth 
Row. 

CLEARY,  John  Joseph,  capitalist,  was  born 
at  Clarksburg,  Mich.,  Jan.  30,  1868,  son  of  Owen 
F.  and  Bridget  (Flattery)  Cleary.  His  father. 
who  was  a  farmer,  came  from  Ireland  In  1860 
and  located  in  Canada,  removed  to  Northern 
Michigan  in  1865,  and  in  1869  settled  at  Escanaba, 
Mich.  John  J.  Cleary  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Escanaba.  He  began  his  business 
career  in  1889  in  Escanaba  as  bookkeeper.  From 
time  to  time  he  became  associated  with  various 
commercial,  industrial  and  financial  undertakings, 
and  at  his  death  was  president  of  Cleary  Bros.  Co., 
vice-president  Escanaba  Wood  Fibre  Co.,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  Escanaba  &  Garden  Transpor- 
tation Co.,  and  the  Escanaba  Hotel  Co.;  treasurer 
Escanaba  &  Gladstone  Transportation  Co.;  direc- 
tor Escanaba  National  Bank,  Escanaba  Traction 
Co.,  and  the  First  National  Bank  of  Gladstone, 
and  officer,  director  or  stockholder  in  various  other 


concerns  of  his  section.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  Democratic  state  central  committee, 
and  was  national  Democratic  committeeman  from 
the  llth  congressional  district  of  his  state.  He 
was  a  director  in  the  Escanaba  Commercial  Club; 
had  held  various  offices  in  the  Movorian  Club,  Es- 
canaba ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  his  lodge,  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of 
Elks,  ami  held  membership  also  in  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Hibernians,  Catholic  Order  of  Foresters, 
and  Fraternal  Order  of  Eagles.  He  was  a  com- 
municant of  St.  Patrick's  Roman  Catholic  church, 
Escanaba.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  hunt- 
in;;,  fishing  and  golf.  He  was  many  times  a 
delegate  to  Irish  conventions,  and  was  known, 
loved  and  esteemed  by  men  of  his  race  in  nearly 
every  state  in  the  Union.  He  took  active  part  in 
the  struggle  for  Irish  independence.  Any  legiti- 
mate business  proposition  that  promised  to  en- 
hance Escanaba  and  Delta  co.  's  future  never 
failed  to  find  in  him  a  staunch  supporter.  Not 
only  were  his  private  funds  available  for  such 
industries,  but  invariably  it  was  he  who  headed 
movement  after  movement  to  interest  others  in 
such  projects.  He  gave  liberally  to  every  philan- 
thropic, enterprise.  He  was  married  Nov.  25,  1891, 
to  Nellie,  daughter  of  Patrick  O  'Neil,  a  civil  war 
veteran  of  Beloit,  Wis. ;  she  survives  him,  with 
five  children ;  Lawrence,  a  mechanical  engineer, 
of  Eseanaba,  Mich.;  Harold,  a  mechanical  en- 
gineer, of  West  Allis,  Wis.;  Gerald,  a  student; 
Francis,  a  student,  and  Helen  Cleary,  all  of  Esca- 
naba. He  died  at  Escanaba,  Mich.,  Dec.  25,  1917. 
DANA.  Woodbury  Kidder,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Portland,  Me.,  June  7,  1840,  son  of  Luther 
and  Louise  (Kidder)  Dana,  and  descended  from 
a  distinguished  New  England  family,  members  of 
which  have  been  eminent  as  statesmen,  jurists, 
authors,  journalists,  in  medicine  and  theology,  and 
who  have  been  represented  in  all  the  wars  of  the 
country.  Luther  Dana,  father  of  the  subject  and 
a  native  of  Natick,  Mass.,  removed  to  Portland, 
Me.,  when  a  young  man  and  continued  there  in 
business  as  a  ship  chandler  and  wholesale  grocer 
all  his  life;  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
High  Street  Congregational  Church,  Portland. 
Woodbury  Kidder  Dana  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Portland  and  at  Lewiston  Falls 
(Me.)  Academy.  When  he  left  school  he  went  to 
work  in  the  mills  of  Lewiston.  In  1863  he  enlisted 
for  the  civil  war  as  a  private  in  Co.  K,  29th  Regi- 
ment, Maine  volunteer  infantry,  which  became  a 
part  of  the  2d  brigade,  1st  division,  19th  army 
corps.  The  regiment  was  active  during  the  Red 
River  expedition,  and  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Sabine  Cross  Eoads,  Mansfield,  Pleasant  Hill, 
Cane  River  Crossing,  Alexandria  and  Mansura 
Chalk  Plains.  Subsequently  it  served  in  Virginia, 
the  regiment  taking  part  in  battles  and  engage- 
ments in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  at  Opequan 
(Winchester),  Fisher's  Hill  and  Cedar  Creek,  the 
latter  the  scene  of  Sheridan  's  ride.  For  a  portion 
of  his  service  period  he  was  on  detached  duty  as 
ordnance  sergeant,  and  in  the  commissary  depart- 
ment. For  gallant  conduct  in  the  campaign  on 
the  Red  River  he  was  promoted  corporal  and  hos- 
pital steward,  in  which  posts  he  acquitted  himself 
most  creditably,  and  he  was  honorably  discharged 
in  August,  1865.  The  next  year  he  established 
his  mills  at  Westbrook,  Me.,  for  the  manufacture 
of  cotton  warps,  forming  a  partnership  with 
Thomas  McEwan,  under  the  firm  name  of  Dana  & 
McEwan.  Later  the  firm  became  W.  K.  Dana  & 
Co.,  and  was  thus  known  until  1892,  when  it  was 
incorporated  as  the  Dana  Warp  Mills,  of  which 


LUCY  A.  KII)D- 
EDUCATOR 


ROBERT  K.  ROW 

PUBLISHER 


JOHN  J.  CLEARY 

FINANCIER 


WOODBURY  K.  DAXA 
MANUFACTURER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


400 


he  has  since  been  treasurer.  From  a  small  be- 
ginning the  great  Dana  Warp  Mills  now  constitute 
a  plant  of  60,000  spindles.  The  mills  have,  how- 
ever, not  consumed  his  entire  time  and  attention. 
He  is  the  inventor  of  the  Dana  cotton  harves- 
ter, which  is  considered  by  authorities  the  only 
practicable  mechanical  cotton  picker  yet  devised, 
although  some  1,100  patents  on  cotton  harves- 
ters have  been  issued  by  the  U.  S.  patent  of- 
fice. The  machine  is  based  on  the  vacuum  twist- 
ing nozzle  method,  and  is  built  something  like  a 
farm  tractor,  being  propelled  by  an  engine  using 
gasoline  as  motive  power.  Ii  is  equipped  with  two 
double  suction  blowers,  attached  to  each  of  which 
are  two  nozzles,  which  are  in  turn  operated  by  the 
pickers.  The  suction  blowers  are  rapidly  revolved 
by  the  same  motive  power  as  the  tractor,  and 
create  such  vacuum  as  is  necessary  to  rotate  the 
picking  end  of  the  nozzles  at  great  speed.  It  is 
barely  necessary  for  the  picker  to  bring  the  suction 
nozzle  near  the  cotton,  as  it  is  twisted  and  rapidly 
drawn  from  the  boll  without  injury  to  cotton  or 
reeds.  The  cotton  passes  through  the  nozzle-  and 
hose  into  the  body  of  the  blower  (specially  con- 
structed fan)  and  is  opened  and  "fluffed  up"  and 
passes  into  the  bag,  thereby  giving  a  cotton  which 
can  be  more  easily  ginned  than  the  present  hand- 
picked  cotton.  To  him  is  due  the  establishment  of 
the  electric  lighting  plant,  which  he  personally  oper- 
ated for  some  years,  or  until  it  was  entirely  effec- 
tive. The  city  is  also  largely  indebted  to  his  enter- 
prise and  energy  for  modern  public,  school  buildings, 
and  an  efficient  sewerage  system.  For  three  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen.  In  1908 
he  became  department  commander  of  the  Maine  de- 
partment, Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  is  a 
Mason  and  Knight  Templar.  He  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Congregational  Church,  and  his  poli- 
tical affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  married  at  Auburn,  Me.,  Aug.  2,  1869,  to 
Mary  Little  Hale,  daughter  of  Samuel  T.  Pickard, 
of  Auburn,  Me.  Their  children  are:  Louisa 
Woodbury,  Hannah  Little,  who  became  the  wife 
of  Frank  H.  Swan,  Providence,  R.  I. ;  Philip,  presi- 
dent of  the  Dana  Warp  Mills;  Ethel  May,  Helen 
Pickard,  who  married  Horace  C.  Porter;  Luther, 
superintendent  of  the  Dana  Warp  Mills,  and  Mary 
Hale,  who  married  Edward  Farrington  Abbott,  of 
Auburn,  Me. 

BISQUE,  Brice  Pursell,  soldier  and  mer- 
chant, was  born  at  California,  0.,  July  19,  1ST9, 
son  of  Henry  Jacob  and  Mary  Ella  (Pursell) 
Disque,  and  grandson  of  George  Disque,  who  came 
from  Lyons,  France,  in  1835  and  settled  at  New- 
town,  0.  His  father,  a  native  of  Xewtown,  was 
for  many  years  a  principal  of  the  Cincinnati  (O.) 
public  schools.  The  son,  after  a  public  school 
training,  took  part  of  a  commercial  law  course  at 
the  University  of  Cincinnati.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  Philippine  Insurrection,  he  entered  the  U.  S. 
Volunteers  as  private,  and  was  sent  to  the  Philip- 
pine Islands,  where  he  served  for  three  years, 
which  included  the  period  of  the  insurrection.  He 
became  a  2d  Lieut.,  47th  Infantry,  November, 
1899.  While  in  command  in  the  Sorsogon  prov- 
ince, he  forced  the  surrender  of  Col.  Emeterio 
Funes  and  his  entire  command  Feb.  21,  1901,  which 
virtually  ended  the  rebellion  in  that  province.  He 
became  2d  lieutenant,  5th  cavalry  U.  S.  Army  in 
February,  1901 ;  1st  lieutenant,  3d  cavalry,  Sep- 
tember, 1903,  and  captain  3d  cavalry,  December, 
1914.  Meanwhile,  he  was  a  distinguished  grad- 
uate of  the  Army  School  of  the  Line,  1905,  and 
a  graduate  of  the  If.  S.  Army  Staff  College,  1906. 
He  resigned  from  the  army  in  January,  1917,  and 


in  August  of  that  year,  after  war  with  Germany 
was  declared,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
signal  corps,  T".  S.  Army,  and  was  promoted  colonel 
in  October,  1917,  and  brigadier-general  in  Octo- 
ber, 1918.  The  prolongation  of  the  European  war 
created  an  insistent  demand  by  the  Allied  gov- 
ernments for  aeroplanes,  and  the  American  manu- 
facturers were  bending  every  effort  to  fill  their 
orders.  A  serious  obstacle  had  been  the  condi- 
tion of  the  labor  organizations  in  the  lumber 
camps,  which  had  fallen  under  the  influence  of 
the  I.  W.  W.  fey  the  spring  of  1917  the  lumber 
trade  of  the  Pacific  North  West,  where  much  of 
the  spruce  timber  came  from,  was  practically  para- 
lyzed by  strikes  and  disorder.  When  the  United 
States  entered  the  war  the  production  of  aero- 
planes in  large  quantities  became  an  absolute 
necessity  and  the  first  problem  awaiting  solution 
was  to  pacify  and  organize  the  labor  element  in 
the  lumber  districts.  Colonel  Disque  was  selected 
by  the  Council  of  National  Defense  because  of  his 
peculiar  power  to  control  men  and  maintain  order 
to  perform  this  task.  He  was  given  supreme 
power  to  dictate  the  hours  of  work,  scales  of 
wages  and  living  conditions  by  voluntary  act  of 
employers  and  employees.  Establishing  his  head- 
quarters at  the  seat  of  the  trouble  at  Portland, 
Ore.,  he  routed  the  I.  W.  W.  forces,  and  within  a 
period  of  four  weeks  he  had  brought  order  into  all 
lumber  camps  and  united  employers  and  employees 
into  a  loyal  and  patriotic  effort  pledged  to  work 
without  interruption  until  the  .job  of  winning  the 
war  was  finished.  He  induced  the  men  to  organize 
the  Loyal  Legion  of  Loggers  and  Lumbermen,  which 
had  a  membership  of  1. '{0,000,  which  became  perma- 
nent and  proved  a  great  step  forward  in  solving 
the  industrial  relations  problem.  He  organized  the 
spruce  production  division  of  the  U.  S.  Army, 
which  comprised  nearly  30,000  officers  and  men, 
distributed  among  234  camps  throughout  the  for- 
ests of  Washington,  Oregon  ami  Northern  Cali- 
fornia, and  the  monthly  production  of  spruce 
lumber  increased  from  3,000,000  feet  to  23,000,000 
feet.  This  task  covered  the  entire  period  of  the 
war,  but  while  the  operations  were  some  6,000 
miles  from  the  battle  front,  the  work  was  fully  as 
important  as  leading  a  division  of  soldiers  to 
attack  the  enemy.  The  problem  as  to  how  to  get 
the  lumber  out  was  solved  by  Gen.  Disque  through 
the  building  of  thirteen  railways  to  existing  lines 
or  waterways,  the  longest  of  these  branches  being 
thirty-eight  miles.  There  being  no  saw  mills 
equipped  for  handling  the  high  grade  of  lumber 
required  for  aircraft,  three  saw  mills  were  built 
under  his  supervision  in  a  period  of  forty-five 
days  and  which  were  cutting  one  and  a  half  mil- 
lions of  feet  a  day  when  the  armistice  was  de- 
clared, this  output  recording  an  increase  in  the 
amount  of  aircraft  lumber  from  any  given  lot 
of  logs  of  400  per  cent,  over  the  returns  under 
tho  system  previously  in  vogue.  His  success  was 
due  not  only  to  his  previous  training  in  the  army 
but  also  to  his  indomitable^  perseverance,  his  great 
executive  ability  and  his  power  to  control  men, 
and  in  recognition  of  this  service  in  the  war  he 
was  awarded  the  distinguished  service  medal  by 
the  President,  and  received  citations  from  the 
British  and  French  governments.  After  the  war 
he  was  honorably  discharged  at  his  own  request  in 
March,  1919,  and  soon  thereafter  was  elected  chair- 
man of  the  export  house  of  G.  Amsinck  &  Co.,  of 
New  York,  which  became  one  of  the  subsidiary 
companies  of  the  American  International  Corpora- 
tion. Soon  afterward  he  was  elected  president  of 
G.  Amsinck  &  Co.,  Inc.,  and  chairman  of  the  board 


410 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


of  directors  of  the  company 's  branches  in  Mexico 
and  Argentina.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution  through  ancestors  on  both  sides  of 
his  family.  General  Disque  was  married  in 
Cincinnati,  0.,  Oct.  22,  1901,  to  Mary  Florence, 
daughter  of  John  Loveday  Coulter,  manufacturer 
of  art  leaded  and  stained  glass  windows,  C'ineiu- 
jiati;  they  have  two  children:  Brice  Porsell  (1904) 
and  Gordon  Coulter  Bisque  (1910). 

SHIPLEY,  Frederick  William,  college  pro- 
fessor, was  born  in  Cheltenham,  Out.,  Jan.  15,  1S71, 
son  of  William  and  Harriet  (Hagemann)  Shipley. 
His  father  (1S36-1909)  was  a  farmer.'  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Cheltenham,  Ont. ; 
the  high  school  of  Erampton,  Ont. ;  University  of 
Toronto  (B.A.  1892,  McCaul  Medalist  and  first 
class  honors  in  classics)  ;  University  of  Chicago 
(Ph.D.  1901,  fellow  in  Latin)  ;  and  the  American 
School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Rome.  In  18i>3,  he 
became  classical  master  in  the  Collegiate  Institute 
in  C'ollingwood,  Ont.;  during  1893-4,  he  served 
as  classical  master  in  the  Lindsay  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute; in  1S94-5,  he  was  fellow  in  Latin  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  from  1894-6,  travelling 
fellow  studying  in  the  American  School  of  Classical 
Studies  and  in  the  Vatican  Library;  in  1897-8,  as- 
sistant in  Latin  at  the  University  of  Chicago;  and 
from  1898-1901,  head  of  the  Latin  department  of 
the  Lewis  Institute,  Chicago ;  since  1901,  professor 
o_f  Latin  in  Washington  University,  St.  Louis. 
Prof.  Shipley  is  the  author  of  ' '  Certain  Sources 
of  Corruption  in  Latin  Manuscripts"  (1904)  ;  also 
\arious  monographs:  "Studies  in  the  Manuscripts 
of  Livy";  "The  Heroic  Clausula  in  Cicero  and 
Quintilian";  "The  Treatment  of  Dactylic  Words 
in  the  Rythmie  Prose  of  Cicero  " ;  "  Preferred  and 
Avoided  Combinations  of  the  Enclitic  Que  in 
Cicero,"  etc.  He  edited  the  "Bulletin  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  of  America"  (1912),  and 
has  been  the  honorary  editor  of  the  "American 
Journal  of  Archaeology"  since  1918;  he  is  also 
chairman  of  the  board  of  publication,  and  editor- 
in-chief  of  ' '  Art  and  Archaeology. ' '  He  is  an 
active  member  of  the  following  learned  societies: 
The  Archaeological  Institute  of  America  (member 
of  executive  committee,  1907-12,  Vice-president 
1912,  President  1918,  honorary  president  since 
1918);  American  Philological  A'ssociation ;  Classi- 
cal Association  of  the  Middle  West  and  South 
(member  of  executive  committee  1906-09,  first  vice- 
president  1911)  ;  and  Congress  of  Americanists 
(honorary  vice-president).  He  has  served  on  the 
managing  boards  of  the  following  schools:  Amer- 
ican School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Rome  (managing 
committee  1904-11)  ;  American  School  of  Classical 
Studies  in  Athens  (executive  committee  since 
1918)  ;  American  School  for  Oriental  Research  in 
Jerusalem  (member  of  executive  committee  since 
1913)  ;  and  the  School  of  American  Archeology  in 
Santa  Fe.  In  St.  Louis  he  has  been  active  in  the 
Washington  University  Association  (Secretary 
1902-4,  President  1905);  Language  and  Literature 
Club  of  Washington  University  (President  1912)  ; 
organized  the  St.  Louis  Society  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  of  America  in  1906,  and  was  its  first 
secretary.  He  also  organized  the  division  of 
University  Extension  in  Washington  University,  of 
which  he  has  been  director  since  1914.  His  clubs 
are:  Town  and  Gown  (secretary  1906-10)  ;  Con- 
temporary (member  executive  committee  1912-14)  ; 
City  Club;  and  University  Club.  He  is  also  a. 
member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  Chi  Psi  col- 
lege fraternities.  He  was  married  Mar.  27,  1899, 
to  Antoinette  Cary,  and  has  two  children,  Fred- 
erick Gary  and  Walter  Cleveland  Shipley. 


CLTJFF,  William  Wallace,  elder  and  mission- 
ary,   was    born    at    Willoughby,    Geauga    co.,    0., 
Mar.  8,  1832,  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Hall) 
Cluff.     His  father,  a  carpenter,  was  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-Day  Saints, 
and  when  the  adherents  of  their  faith  were  driven 
from   Kirtland,  O.,  the  Cluffs  located  at  Nauvoo, 
111.,  in  1840,  he  assisting  in  building  the  temples  at 
both  Kirtland  and  Nauvoo.     He  remained  in  Illi- 
nois until  the  expulsion  of  members  of  the  church 
from  Nauvoo,  in  1S46,  when  they  worked  their  way 
through  Iowa  and  across  the  plains  to  the  valley 
of  Great  Salt  Lake  in  1850.    The  son  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  church,  and,  after  four  years 
of  pioneer  struggles  in   Utah,  he  was  sent  on   a 
mission  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  in  company  with 
Elder  Joseph  F.  Smith  and  others.     During  1859- 
63  he  did  missionary  work  in  Denmark,  and  had 
charge  of  a  mission  in  Copenhagen  for  two  and  a 
half  years.    In  1863  he  was  appointed  a  home  mis- 
sionary to  travel  in  the  interests  of  Scandinavians 
residing    in    Utah,    Juab    and    Sanpete    counties. 
From  the  home  mission  he  was  called  to  take  a 
second  mission   to   the   Hawaiian  Islands  in  com- 
pany with  Elders  Lorenzo  Snow,  Joseph  F.  Smith 
and  other  important   leaders  of  the  church.     On 
this  mission  he  attracted  wide  attention  both  in 
the  islands  and   in  his  church  by  his  perseverance 
in  restoring  the  li.'e  of  Elder  Lorenzo  Snow,   who 
v;as  lost  in  fhe  surf  on  the  coast  of  Lansi.    During 
his  fifteen  years  of  missionary  labors  abroad  and 
his  period  of  service  in  the  presidency  over  Sum 
mit,   Wasatch  and  Morgan  counties,  and  later  as 
president  of  Summit   Stake  from  its  organization 
in  1877  to  the  time  of  his  release  in  1901,  he  gave 
his  best  efforts  to  the  cause.    Besides  his  service  to 
the  church  he  was  a  dominant  i:actor  in  mercantile 
affairs  and  finance,  and  in  other  enterprises  that 
furthered   the   building   of   the   state.      He   repre- 
sented Summit  county  in  the  territorial  legislature 
through  six  terms,  three  terms  being  in  the  council, 
of  which   he  was  president   during   1882-S3.     He 
was  also  a  member  of  two  Utah  constitutional  con- 
ventions, including  the  first,  or  charter  convention. 
In   his  service  beyond  the  seas   he   mastered   two 
foreign  tongues,  and  he  acquitted  himself  in  every 
lal.nr  fii-lil  with  the  highest  credit  and  ability.     At 
home   he   was  wise  in   council  and  in   legislation, 
progressive   in   colonizing,    a    born    leader    of    men 
liiith    in   spiritual   and   temporal   affairs.      He   was 
one   of   the   most   conspicuous   among   those   haidv 
and  capable   characters  who,   during   the   cunimun- 
wealth's   infancy    went    out    into    the    surrounding 
regions  and  built  up  counties  and  states  and  thus 
laid  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  the  state. 
Summit  county  in  particular  will  have  everlasting 
cause   to   hold   his   memory   in  reverence.     But   his 
activities  were  not  confined  to  a  single  locality — 
his  influence  was  widespread  and  beneficent,  and 
the  whole  state  felt  a  sense  of  bereavement  in  his 
death,     lie  had  the  faculty  of  winning  and  retain- 
ing the  affection  and  respect  of  strong  men  with 
whom    he    came   in    contact — among    others   Pres. 
Joseph   F.    Smith,   the   boyhood   companion   of   his 
first   mission   to   the   Sandwich   Islands.      He  was 
married   at    Pine    Valley,   Utah,   Oct.    24,   1863,   to 
Ann   (below),  daughter  of  Elder  Eli  Whipple,  of 
Pennsylvania:   she  survives  him  with  four  children: 
William  Wallace,  Jr. ;  Annie  May,  wife  of  William 
F.  Olsen ;  Lillian,  wife  of  Dr.  Given  A.  Light,  and 
Flora,  wife  of  Lawrence  E.  Eldredge,  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah.     He  died  at  Salt  Lake.  Aug.  21,  1915. 
CLTJFF,  Ann  (Whipple),  capitalist,  was  born 
in  McKeene  county,  Pa.,  Mar.  15,  1843,  daughter 
of  Eli   and   Patience    (Foster)    Whipple.     In   her 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


411 


girlhood  her  father  moved  to  Redwood  City,  Cal., 
where  he  amassed  a  fortune  in  the  lumber  business. 
Having  joined  the  Mormon  Church  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  family  moved  to  Utah  in  LV58,  settling 
in  the  uninhabited  section  near  St.  George,  where 
her  father  built  a  sawmill  and  assisted  in  the  up- 
building of  that  section  of  the  country.  On  Oct. 
"4,  1863,  she  was  married  to  William  W.  (.'luff 
(above),  one  of  the  most  active  missionaries  of  the 
Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints,  who 
had  just  returned  from  Denmark.  Having  inher- 
ited from  her  father  a  decided  talent  for  business, 
the  young  wife  helped  in  the  support  of  the  family 
by  assisting  to  make  gloves  while  caring  for  her 
household  duties.  Successfully  investing  some  $600 
she  had  earned  this  way  in  a  co-operative  store  at 
Coalville,  she  built  a  house  there,  anil  later  pur- 
chased a  farm  in  the  vicinity.  She  also  built  ami 
equipped  a  hotel  in  Coalville,  devoting  a  part  of 
her  time  to  its  personal  superintendence.  She  was 
for  several  years  a  director  in  the  McDonald  Candy 
Co.  and  in  several  mining  companies.  Mrs.  Cluff 
owns  a  large  vineyard  and  orchard  at  Provo;  ex- 
tensive property  in  Ogden;  a  half-interest  in  the 
Opera  house  in  Coalville,  and  is  the  possessor  of 
the  Hoyt  Sherman  residence,  an  apartment-house 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  a  country  home  at  Centre- 
ville,  Utah.  In  church  affairs  she  has  taken  an 
active  part,  gives  freely  of  her  wealth,  and  has 
for  many  years  been  counselor  to  the  president  of 
the  Relief  Society  of  Summit  Stake,  besides  having 
full  charge  of  the  millinery  and  dressmaking  estab- 
IMnnent  conducted  by  that  society  to  help  the 
poor. 

HAZELTINE,  Abner,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
Jamestown,  X.  Y.,  Mar.  18,  1836,  son  of  Abner 
and  Matilda  (Hay ward)  Hazeltiue.  The  Hazel- 
tines  (sometimes  Hazelden)  were  of  importance 
in  England,  and  their  coat-of-arms  is  recorded  in 
the  College  of  Arms  or  Heraldry.  In  America  the 
orthography  of  the  name  of  this  family  has  ap- 
peared as  Hazeltine.  Haseltine,  and  Hazelton.  Ab- 
ner Hazeltine  's  earliest  paternal  American  ances- 
tor was  John  Hazeltine,  who  came  from  Yorkshire 
in  1637  with  the  colony  of  Rev.  Ezekiel  Rogers, 
and  settled  on  the  Merrimack  river,  in  Essex  coun- 
ty, Mass.  John  Hazeltine 's  wife  was  Joan  Auter, 
and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Samuel  and  his  wife  Deborah 
Cooper;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Abigail  Ross; 
their  son  Abner  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Rawson; 
their  son  Abner  and  his  wife  Martha  (Robbins) 
Goss,  to  their  son  Daniel  Hazeltine  and  his  wife 
Susannah  Jones,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Abner  Hazeltine.  John  Hazeltine  (I)  was  one  of 
the  first  three  settlers  of  that  part  of  Rowley,  Es- 
sex county,  afterwards  incorporated  as  Bradford. 
He  gave  the  people  of  Bradford  an  acre  of  ground 
for  a  meeting  house,  and  he  lived  for  a  time  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  at  Haverhill,  N.  H. 
Lieut.  Samuel  Hazeltine  (II)  served  in  the  king's 
colonial  army  in  the  Indian  wars  of  the  period. 
John  Hazeltine  (III)  married  Abigail  Ross,  and 
their  son,  Abner  Hazeltine  (IV),  settled  in  Men- 
don,  Worcester  county;  his  wife  was  a  grand- 
daughter of  Edward  Rawson  (q.v.).  secretary  of 
the  Massachusetts  colony.  Abner  Hazeltine  (V) 
lived  at  Mention  anil  Upton,  Mass.,  and  at  Wards- 
boro,  Vt. :  he  served  in  the  king's  colonial  army, 
and  was  with  the  expedition  to  Crown  Point,  serv- 
ing under  Capt.  John  Dalrimple.  Daniel  Hazel- 
tine  (VI)  served  in  the  war  of  the  revolution,  in 
Col.  Sprout's  Massachusetts  regiment,  in  Capt. 
Ephraim  Hartwell's  company  of  guards,  and  in 
Col.  Tyler 's  Massachusetts  regiment.  In  1820  he 


followed  his  sons  to  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  whence 
they  had  gone  1SKM5.  Abner  Hazeltine  (VII), 
second  son  of  Daniel,  father  of  the  subject,  was 
a  graduate  of  Williams  College,  1S15.  He  engaged 
iu  the  practice  of  law  in  Chautauqua  county,  N. 
Y.,  and  Warren  county,  Pa.  He  was  founder,  sec- 
retary, and  trustee  of  the  old  Jamestown  Academy, 
and  a  founder  of  the  First  Congregational  Church 
in  Jamestown,  1816.  He  served  two  terms  in  the 
New  York  state  assembly;  was  a  member  of  the 
2.'!d  and  24th  congresses;  was  district  attorney  of 
Chautauqua  county  in  1S47,  and  judge  of  that 
county  in  1859.  Abner  Hazeltiue  (VIII),  the  sub- 
ject, received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
academies  of  Jamestown  and  Wherry  Valley,  N.  Y., 
and  was  graduated  from  Williams  College  in  1856. 
At  that  institution  he  was  a  classmate  of  James 
A.  Garlleld  (q.v.)  and  of  John  F.  Stoneman,  later 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa.  He  fre- 
quently accompanied  the  future  president  when 
Garfield  went  to  nearby  villages  to  preach.  After 
graduation  he  followed  for  several  years  the  pro- 
fession of  civil  engineering.  He  began  the  study 
of  law  under  the  preceptorship  of  his  father,  was 
graduated  at  Albany  Law  School  in  1860,  and  in 
that  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  York 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  James- 
town in  association  with  his  father.  He  was  sub- 
sequently admitted  to  the  bar  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  to  the  district  and  circuit  courts  of  the  United 
States.  He  served  as  postmaster  of  Jamestown 
during  the  Lincoln  administration;  was  elected 
district  attorney  of  Chautauqua  county  in  1877; 
succeeded  his  father  as  U.  S.  commissioner  in  1879, 
a  position  he  held  until  his  death ;  and  was  police 
justice  of  Jamestown  for  two  terms.  Aside  from 
his  legal  activities  he  gave  considerable  attention 
to  agriculture,  and  for  many  years  owned  a  farm 
in  the  town  of  Carroll.  At  Williams  he  was  a 
member  of  Delta  Upsilon  fraternity.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  Chautauqua 
County  Historical  Society,  various  law  associa- 
tions, and  was  a  32d  degree  Mason.  He  gave 
much  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  church  history, 
and  had  just  completed  before  his  death  a  history 
of  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Jamestown, 
of  which  he  was  a  communicant.  This  history 
dated  from  1866,  his,  father,  who  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  church,  having  written  its  history 
covering  the  period  1816-66.  He  was  a  leader  in 
the  Chautauqua  County  Society  of  History  and 
Natural  Science,  and  served  as  its  secretary  for 
many  year's.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Jamestown  Chapter  and  had  been  its 
regent.  He  was  a  Republican.  He  married  at 
Ashville,  Chautauqua  CO.,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  25,  1867, 
Olivia  A.,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Clarisa  Slayton 
Brown,  of  Ashville;  she  died  in  1905.  There  are 
two  children:  Mary  Emogeue  (1868),  Wellesley 
College,  1891,  preceptor  of  the  Library  School  of 
the  University  of  Wisconsin;  and  Ray  Thomas 
Hazeltine  (1871),  Cornell  University,  1889-91,  in 
the  postal  service.  He  died  at  Jamestown,  N.  Y., 
May  :'..  1H1"..  (Portrait  opposite  p.  412). 

LOCKEH,  William  Henry,  lawyer  and  banker, 
was  born  in  St.  Louis  county,  Mo.,  July  5.  1870, 
son  of  Thomas  B.  and  Carrie  (Coleman)  Locker. 
His  father  was  a  farmer.  William  Henry 
Locker  received  his  preliminary  education  in  public 
schools,  and  secured  practical  agricultural  knowl- 
edge by  working  on  a  farm  in  summer  seasons. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  law  of  the 
University  of  Missouri  in  1892  with  the  degree 
LL.B.  In  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 


411! 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


of  his  native  state  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Waynesville,  Mo.  During  1904-u^  h,. 
was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  "Daily  Argus/' 
Aurora,  Mo.  Meanwhile,  he  became  a  factor  in 
politics,  serve  1  in  the  Missouri  house  of  representa- 
tives during  1901-04,  inclusive,  and  introduced  the 
first  bill  providing  for  a  state  primary  law  for 
all  parties  in  Missouri.  In  1907  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Southwest  Missouri  Press  Asso- 
ciation. The  following  year  he  settled  in  Duluth, 
Minn.,  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  and 
engaged  also  in  mining  operations.  He  was  an 
organizer,  in  1910,  of  the  C'uyuna-Mille  Lacs 
Iron  Co.,  and  in  1912  assisted  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  C'uyuna-Duluth  Iron  Co..  These 
corporations  were  both  successful  in  developing 
large  deposits  of  merchantable  iron  and  mangau- 
iferous  ore.  In  1914  he  succeeded  in  effectiug  a 
consolidation  of  the  Cuyuna-Mille  Lacs  Iron  Co., 
Cuyuua-Duluth  Iron  Co.,  of  Minnesota;  Dunbar 
Furnace  Co.,  of  Dunbar,  Pa.;  Duiibar  Semet-Sol- 
vay  Coke  Ovens  Co.,  Duubar  Coal  &  Coke  Co.,  and 
other  interests  in  Pennsylvania,  under  the  title 
of  the  American  Manganese  Manufacturing  Co., 
with  a  capital  of  $12,000,000.  The  merger  of  the 
mining  companies  with  the  furnace  interests  pro- 
vided a  market  for  the  mines,  guaranteed  ore  for 
the  furnaces,  which  with  cheap  fuel  from  its  own 
coal  mines  and  coke  ovens  enabled  the  new  corpo- 
ration to  compete  successfully  with  the  large  iron 
and  steel  companies  in  the  production  of  pig  iron, 
Spiegel  and  ferro  manganese.  He  has  since  been 
vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the  American  Man- 
ganese Manufacturing  Co. ;  president  of  its  sub- 
sidiaries, the  Cuyuna-Mille  Lacs  Iron  Co.,  and  the 
Cuyuua-Duluth  Iron  Co.,  of  which  he  is  likewise 
treasurer,  and  he  is  president  of  the  Bank  of  Com- 
merce &  Savings,  Duluth.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
National  Geographic  Society,  Kitchi  Gammi  and 
Commercial  clubs,  Duluth,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  and  he  is  a  32d  degree  Mason.  His 
political  affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party 
and  he  is  a  communicant  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church.  He  was  married  Feb.  10,  1904,  to 
Lucie  V.,  daughter  of  Antoine  Le  Due,  of  Duluth; 
they  have  one  daughter,  Lucie  Virginia,  and  one 
son,  Ernest  G.  Locker. 

HADLEY,  Edwin  Marshall,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Peoria,  111.,  Oct.  14,  1^72,  son  of 
James  Marshall  and  Margaret  (Widenham)  Had- 
ley,  and  grandson  of  William  and  Sarah  (Mar- 
shall) Hadley.  William  Hadley,  an  Englishman, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1813;  Through  his 
grandmother  Hadley,  he  traces  descent  from 
Edward  Fitz  Randolph,  who  came  to  America  from 
Nottinghamshire,  England,  in  1630.  James  Mar- 
shall Hadley,  his  father,  was  a  merchant.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity and  Northwestern  University.  In  1893  he  be- 
gan his  business  career  in  Chicago,  111.,  as  auditor 
and  credit  man  with  the  firm  of  O.  B.  Tennis  &  Co. 
With  others  he  organized,  in  1898,  the  Dudley  Cof- 
fee Co.  (importers)  and  the  Ceylon  Planters'  Tea 
Co.,  of  both  of  which  he  was  secretary,  treasurer 
and  director  until  1906.  Since  then  he  has  been 
vice-president,  secretary  and  director  of  the  Chi- 
cago-Cleveland Car  Roofing  Co.  of  Chicago,  whose 
business  is  the  manufacturing  of  parts  of  rail- 
road rolling  stock.  It  has  branches  in  New 
York,  Washington,  St.  Paul,  Cleveland,  Warren 
(O.),  and  Montreal.  Mr.  Hadley  is  also  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  the  Pioneer  Cast  Steel 
Truck  Co.  and  the  Sullivan  Metallic  Packing 
Co.,  both  of  Chicago.  He  was  treasurer  of  the 
Illinois  Society,  Sons  of  the  Revolution;  presi- 


dent (1917  and  1918)  of  the  Illinois  Alumni 
Society,  Beta  Theta  Pi  fraternity,  and  member  of 
the  Chicago  Athletic  Association  and  South  Snore 
Country  Club,  Chicago.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  American  Agricultural  Cadets 
in  1917,  of  which  he  was  treasurer  and  director. 
He  was  1st  lieutenant,  Co.  M,  4th  regiment,  Illinois 
reserve  militia.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
literature  and  out-of-door  sports,  and  is  the  winner 
of  several  athletic  emblems.  He  is  the  author  of 
magazine  articles  on  various  subjects,  and  is  well 
known  as  a  public  speaker.  He  is  a  communicant 
of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  church,  and  his  political 
affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
married  June  21,  1904,  to  Jessie  Seymour,  daughter 
of  James  J.  McCarthy,  a  manufacturer  of  Chicago; 
and  has  three  children:  James  McCarthy,  Edwin 
Marshall,  Jr.,  anil  Raymond  Wideuham  Hadley. 

EASTMAN,  Samuel  Coffin,  lawyer,  capitalist, 
and  author,  was  Ix.rn  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  July  11, 
ls;7,  sou  of  Seth  and  Sarah  (Coffin)  Eastman. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  Roger  Eastman, 
who  came  from  Wales  in  163S  and  settled  at  Salis- 
burv,  Mass.  The  line  from  him  and  his  wife.  Sarah 
f-iinith,  being  traced  through  their  son  Philip; 
his  son  Ebenezer  and  his  wife  Sarah  Peaslee; 
their  son  Nathaniel  and  his  wife  Phebe  Chandler 
and  their  son  Nathaniel  and  his  wife  Ruth  Brad- 
ley, who  were  the  grandparents  of  Samuel  C. 
Eastman.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is  a  descend- 
ant of  Tristram  Coffin  (q.v.),  the  colonist.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Concord,  and  at  Roek- 
ingham  Academy,  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Brown  University  iu  1S~>7  with  the 
degree  of  A.M.  After  reading  law  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Judge  Josiah  Minot,  at  Concord, 
he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  law  school  in  1S59 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Concord  in  I860,  where  he  has 
ever  since  remained.  He  gave  special  attention  to 
insurance  and  corporation  law,  and  was  engaged 
in  many  important  cases  before  the  supreme  courts 
of  the  state  and  the  United  States.  Among  these 
was  the  noted  case  of  State  vs.  Jackman,  involv- 
ing the  constitutionality  of  the  city  ordinance 
requiring  abutting  landholders  to  keep  the  side- 
walks clear  from  snow  and  ice,  which  was  strongly 
contested,  he  appearing  alone  for  the  defense  and 
winning  a  decisive  victory,  which  determined  the 
unconstitutional!!}-  of  the  ordinance  in  question. 
He  was  counsel  for  many  corporations,  incduding 
the  Eastern  Railroad  in  New  Hampshire,  of  which 
he  was  treasurer  until  its  consolidation  with  the 
Boston  and  Maine  system.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  reorganization  committee  of  the  St.  Louis  & 
San  Francisco  Railroad  Co.,  and  a  director  and 
voting  trustee  in  the  interest  of  New  England 
bondholders.  He  was  a  member  of  the  protective 
committee  for  the  bondholders  of  the  Toledo  Ter- 
minal &  Railway  Co.,  president  of  the  Concord 
&  Portmouth  Railroad  Co.,  the  Abbot  A:  Downing 
Co.,  and  the  New  Hampshire  Spinning  Mills  Co. 
After  the  enactment  by  the  legislature  of  the 
valued  policy  law  of  1895,  he  organized  the  Con- 
cord -Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of  which  he  was 
the  first  president.  He  has  long  been  identified 
with  the  management,  and  since  1S96  has  been 
president  of  the  New  Hampshire  Savings  Bank 
of  Concord.  He  is  past  president  of  the  Margaret 
Pillsbury  General  Hospital,  Concord.  Politically 
he  is  a  Republican.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  city 
treasurer  of  Concord,  serving  in  that  capacity  dur- 
ing the  civil  war,  and  also  during  a  period  when 
the  water  works  were  in  process  of  construction. 
For  twelve  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  board 


ABXER  HAZELTIXK 
LAWYER 


WILLIAM   If.  LOCKER 

LAWYER  AND  BANKER 


ED\VI\   M.  HADLEY 
MANUFACTURER 


SAMUEL  C.  EASTMAX 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


4L°, 


of  education,  and  for  many  years  moderator  of 
Union  school  district.  He  was  elected  to  the 
New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives  in  ISM! 
and  again  in  ISO:!  and  served  as  speaker  in  the 
first  term  with  ability  and  tact,  and  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  national  affairs  in  the 
second.  He  was  trustee,  recording  secretary, 
president,  and  librarian  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Historical  Society;  past  vice-president  and  presi- 
dent Associated  Alumni  of  Brown  University; 
president  New  Hampshire  Bar  Association,  anil  a 
member  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  He 
was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  universal  congress 
of  lawyers  and  jurists  held  in  connection  with  the 
Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  in  1904.  He  holds 
membership  in  the  Union  Club,  Boston;  University 
and  Alpha  Delta  Phi  clubs,  New  York  city,  and 
in  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  fra- 
ternities, and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is 
a  versatile  and  forceful  writer  and  as  part  owner 
of  the  "Monitor"  and  the  old  "Independent 
Democrat"  contributed  to  both  editorials  and 
letters  on  foreign  travel.  He  is  familiar  with 
several  languages  and  has  translated  books  from 
the  French,  Danish  and  Norwegian.  He  was  the 
editor  of  Eastman's  celebrated  ''White  Mountain 
Guide  Book,"  first  published  in  1S">7,  and  which 
reached  its  9th  edition:  author  of  "Town  0!'i- 
cers"  (1866);  translator  of  George  Brandes' 
"Impressions  of  Russia"  (1SSS)  ;  .1.  Lie's  "The 
Family  from  Gilje"  (1890),  and  of  Brandes' 
"Poland"  (1903).  He  was  married  at  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  July  11,  1861,  to  Mary  Clifford, 
Daughter  of  Judge  Albert  G.  Greene  (q.v.)  ;  she 
died  in  1S95.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  by  his  alma  mater  in  1917.  He  died 
at  Concord,  N.  H.,  Aug.  31,  1917. 

WOODWARD,  Rignal  Thomas,  dry  goods 
commission  merchant,  was  born  at  Abington  Farms, 
Millersville,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  June  10,  183*, 
son  of  Hon.  Rignal  Duckett  and  Elizabeth 
(Hardisty)  Woodward,  and  a  descendant  of 
William  Woodward,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
London,  Eng. ;  his  wife  was  Mary  Garrett,  a  sister 
of  Amos  Garrett,  first  mayor  of  Annapolis,  and 
from  them  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through 
their  son,  Abraham  Woodward,  also  a  native  of 
London,  who  settled  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  prior  to 
1707,  and  his  wife,  Priscilla  Buley;  their  son  W:l- 
Ham  and  his  wife  Alice  Ridgely;  their  son  William 
and  his  wife  Jane  Ridgely;  and  their  son  Crip*. 
Henry  and  his  wife  Eleanor  (Williams)  Turner, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Henry  Woodward  (4)  was  captain  of  the 
Severn  Rangers  in  the  war  of  1812.  Hon.  Rignal 
D.  Woodward  was  sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  county, 
and  also  chief  justice  of  the  orphans'  court  for 
many  years;  he  was  one  of  the  largest  planters 
and  most  influential  men  in  the  locality  where  lie 
resided.  Abington  Farms  was  an  ancestral  home 
and  had  been  in  the  Woodward  family  for  a 
number  of  generations  and  is  now  the  residence  of 
some  of  his  grandchildren.  Rignal  T.  Woodward 
was  educated  at  the  academy  in  Millersville,  Md., 
and,  when  seventeen  years  of  age,  began  an  active 
business  career  with  his  uncle,  William  Woodward, 
in  the  dry  goods  commission  business  in  Baltimore. 
In  1863  "he  removed  to  New  York  city,  where  ho 
became  a  member  of  the  dry  goods  commission 
firm  of  Woodward,  Baldwin  &  Co.,  the  house  hav- 
ing been  founded  prior  to  1840  by  his  uncle,  who 
later  took  into  the  firm  his  nephew,  William  H. 
Baldwin.  The  firm  still  occupies  a  leading  posi- 
tion as  one  of  the  largest  and  oldest  dry  goods 
commission  houses  in  the  United  States.  Mr. 


Woodward   entered   the  firm   in   1S63,   when  they 
opened  a  branch  in  New  York  city,  and  retained 
his  connection  therewith   during  the   remainder  of 
his  life.     The  salient,  features  of  his  character  were 
business   integrity,   kindness   and   geniality.        Hiei 
favorite  relaxation  from  business  cares  was  found 
in  agriculture.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Manhat- 
tan <  'lub  of  New  York,  the  Morristown  and  Morris 
town   Golf   Clubs   of    New   Jersey.     He   was   twice 
married;    (1)   Jan.  2.~,   1S64,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
Dr.    Christopher    II.    Raborg,    of    Baltimoie,    Md., 
they   had   eight   children,   three   of   whom   survive: 
Christopher  H.  R. ;   Charles  D.  and  Elijah  Wood- 
ward;   Mrs.  Woodward   died  in  March,    1900,  and 
he  was  married   (2)    Feb.  5,  1902,  to  Julia    (Win- 
chester)   Bowling,   daughter  of  Chief-Justice  Ben- 
jamin    Winchester     of     Louisiana.       He     died     at 
Abington  Farms.  Millersville,  Md.,  Mar.  29,  1904. 
UTTMARK,   Fritz   Emmerick   Wilson,   navi- 
gator    and    educator,    was    born    in    Gothenburg, 
Sweden,   Sept.   4,   ]S71,   son   of   Jnhan   Fritz  Alex- 
ander  and   Emma   Malvina    (Tobin)    Nilson.      The 
ancient  name  of  Uttmark  in  his  maternal  ancestry 
was   revived   by   family   agreement   in   accordance 
with   Swedish  law,  direct   male   descent  being  ex- 
tinct, making  his  proper  surname,  Nilson-Uttmark, 
though    he    shortens    it    to    Uttmark    for    Imsine^ 
i  urposes.     His  father,  a  prominent  merchant,  doing 
business   in   Gothenburg  under   the  name   of   Fritz 
Nilson  &  Co.,  failed  in  business  during  the  panic, 
about    1884.      He   was   a    man   of   excellent    social 
standing,   and   one   of   the   founders   of   the   Royal 
Swedish  Yacht  Club.     (.'apt.  I'ttmark  was  educated 
in    Schiller's    private    college    in    Gothenburg,    but 
his   father's   failure   in   business  compelled   him   to 
leave  college  without  receiving  a   degree.     He  then 
entered   a   business   linn    in   (iotlieiilmrg,   but    later 
went  to  sea  in  the  bark  Gladen,  belonging  to  Or- 
nen's  Sailing  Ship  Co.,  of  that   city.     In   1890  he 
entered     the     government     navigation     school     at 
Gothenburg,  and  was  graduated  the  following  year, 
obtaining  his   certificate   of   competency,   engaging 
as  a  navigator,  being  officer  of  several  vessels,  sail- 
ing  on    all    the    oceans    under    the    Swedish,    Nor- 
wegian, Danish,  German,  British,  French,  Chinese, 
Russian,  and  American  ensigns.     He  spent  several 
years   on   the   coast   and   in   the   interior   of   Chinn. 
He  was  in  command  of  several  steamers  there  for 
a  time,  and  later  received  an  appointment  as  chief 
of  a   marine  department,   in  which  capacity  he  or- 
ganized a   transportation   service  and   constructed 
an   adequate    line   of   steimers,   tugs,   barges,    pon- 
toons, and  wharves,   in   connection  with  important 
Chinese   collieries  and   iron   mines.     He   had   head- 
quarters   at     Hankow,    with    branches    at    various 
points  on  the  Yaugtse  and  An  rivers,     (.'apt.  Utt- 
mark passed  examination  and  obtained  a  British 
master's  license  at  Hong-Kong  in  1903.     He  made 
various  trips  to  the  United  States,  but  it  was  not 
until  1911  that  he  finally  came  here  with  the  pur- 
pose  of   making   it    his   permanent    home    and   be- 
coming an  American  citizen.     His  education  and 
his  varied  and  almost  unique  experience  had  en- 
dowed him  with  an  unsurpassed  knowledge  of  navi- 
gation, both  from  the  scientific  and  practical  sides, 
and    he    determined    to    utilize    this    knowledge    by 
teaching.     Since  1911  he  has  been  teaching  navi- 
gation,  becoming  proprietor  of  what   is  now   Utt- 
mark's    Nautical    Academy.      It    was    founded    in 
1804   and   presided    over    by   Lieut.    E.    C.   Ward, 
formerly   of   the  U.   S.   Navy,  and  was  known  as 
the    New    York    Naval    Academy.     In    1812    the 
academy   coached   American    officers   for  the   war 
with  Great  Britain.     It  later  passed  into  the  hands 
of    Capt.    William    Thorns,    and    then    to    Lieut. 


414 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


Malcolm.  In  1882  Capt.  Howard  Patterson  as- 
sumed charge,  and  the  school  became  known  as 
Patterson  's  Navigation  School.  The  present  name 
was  adopted  when  Capt.  Uttrnark  became  its  pro- 
prietor. It  is  probably  the  oldest,  and  certainly 
the  best  equipped,  nautical  school  in  the  United 
States,  and  Capt.  Uttmark  has  made  a  name  for 
himself  among  the  seafaring  men  and  yachtsmen 
as  a  distinguished  master  teacher  of  the  science  of 
navigation.  Under  his  able  leadership  this  Acad- 
emy is  growing  in  importance  and  prestige.  Its 
courses  include  preparation  for  all  government  ex- 
aminations required  of  ships '  officers,  and  a  special 
feature  is  made  of  instruction  of  private  yacht 
owners  who  desire  to  lenrn  scientifically  to  navigate 
their  own  yachts.  Capt.  Uttmark  is  the  author  of 
1 '  Uttmark 's  Guide  to  Examination  for  Masters 
and  Mates,"  and  "A  New  System  of  Navigation 
and  Nautical  Astronomy,"  and  he  is  owner  and 
editor  of  "  Uttmark  's  Nautical  News,"  and  inven- 
tor of  Uttmark 's  Platting  Chart  for  determining 
a  ship  's  position  by  Marcq.  St.  Hilaire  method.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  National  Geographic  Society  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Geographical  Society.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order,  including  rtie  Royal  Arch  chap- 
ter degrees.  In  politics  he  Is  a  Republican,  and 
his  religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Lutheran 
church.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  gunning 
ami  horseback  riding,  and  in  photography,  having 
taken  photos  in  every  part  of  the  world.  He  was 
married  July  19,  191.",,  to  Frances  Ada,  daughter 
of  John  Roberts,  of  Ontario.  Canada,  and  has  one 
son,  Francis  Emmerick  Uttmark. 

STEVENS.  Breese  Jacob,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Sconondoa,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  22,  1834, 
son  of  Augustus  C.  and  Elizabeth  (Breese) 
Stevens.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was  Thomas  Stevens,  who  came  from  London,  Eng- 
land, prior  to  1660,  and  settled  at  Charlestown, 
Mass.  From  him  and  his  wife  Mary  Green,  the 
line  of  descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Jacob 
and  his  wife  Anna;  their  son  Israel  and  his  wife 
Hannah  Rice:  their  son  Jacob  and  his  wife  Mar- 
tha Sherman,  to  their  son  Jacob  Stevens  and  his 
wife  Eunice  Wood,  who  were  the  grandparents  of 
Breese  J.  Stevens.  On  the  maternal  side  the  sub- 
ject was  a  great-great-grandson  of  Sidney  Breese 
(q.v.),  who  came  from  Shrewsbury,  England,  and 
was  buried  in  Trinity  churchyard  in  1767,  where 
passersby  on  Broadway  can  still  read  his  curious 
epitaph  written  by  himself  in  his  final  illness. 
Through  various  ancestral  lines  the  Stevens-Breese 
family  have  been  allied  to  many  notable  families 
who  have  settled  in  Massachusetts,  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  during  the  past  two  centuries.  Our 
subject  received  his  preliminary  education  at 
Oueida  and  Whitesboro  (N.  Y.)  academies  and  at 
Cazenovia  Seminary,  then  the  most  celebrated 
preparatory  school  of  the  times.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Hamilton  College  in  1853  with  the  degree 
A.B.,  received  the  degree  A.M.  from  that  institu- 
tion in  1856,  and  the  degree  LL.B.  in  1902.  As 
a  collegian  he  belonged  to  Sigma  Phi  and  Phi 
Beta  Kappa.  The  professor  of  law  and  history 
at  Hamilton  at  this  day  was  Theodore  W.  Dwight 
(q.v.),  afterwards  a  national  celebrity;  the  sub- 
ject took  his  courses  and  decided  on  the  law  as  a 
profession.  Upon  graduation  he  began  law  studies 
under  the  preceptorship  of  the  eminent  Timothy 
Jenkins  at  Oneida  Castle,  N.  Y.,  finishing  his 
studies  under  Nathan  F.  Graves  (q.v.),  noted  law- 
yer and  financier  of  Syracuse,  and  member  of  the 
firm  of  Graves  &  Wood.  In  1856  he  went  to  Wis- 
consin to  look  after  the  landed  interests  of  his 


uncle,   Sidney   Breese    (q.v.),   and   later  those   of 
Gov.  Horatio  Seymour.     He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Wisconsin  and  practiced  at  Madison  from 
1857  until  his  death,  conducting  some  of  the  most 
important   railroad,   land   grant  and  water  litiga- 
tions of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.     His  first  law 
partnership  was  with  J.  W.  Johnson,  but  this  gave 
way,   in   1857,   to   one  with   Henry   M.   Lewis,   as 
Stevens  &  Lewis,  which,  in  1868,  became  Stevens. 
Flower   &   Lewis,   by    the   addition   of   James   M. 
Flower,  and,  in  1870,  Stevens,  Flower  &  Morris,  by 
his  old  college  friend,  W.  A.  P.  Morris,  succeeding 
Mr.  Lewis.  Later  I.  C.  Sloan  was  a  part  of  the  firm 
for   a    time,   and    Mr.    Flower   withdrew   to    go    to 
Chicago,  leaving  the  firm  Sloan,  Stevens  &  Morris, 
one  of  the  leading  law  firms  in  the  entire  north- 
western country.     He  was  for  years  attorney  for 
the   trustees   of   the   Fox   &   Wisconsin   River   Im- 
provement Co.,  and  from  the  organization  of  the 
Green  Bay  &  Mississippi  Canal  Co.,  in  1866,  up  to 
1880,   was   acting  president   or   had   other   official 
connection,  and  to  the  time  of  his  death  a  director 
and  one  of  the  attorneys  of  the  corporation.     He 
was  general  solicitor  for  the  Madison  &  Portage 
Railroad   Co.,   and   for   the   Chicago,    Madison    & 
Northern  Railroad   Co.,  and  the   district  attorney 
for  Wisconsin  of  the  Illinois  Central  system  from 
the  time  of  its  extension  into  the  state,  in  1866. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Consumers'  Gas  Co.,  of 
Chicago,  about  the  time  of  its  incorporation,  and 
for  fifteen  years  attorney  and  manager  in  charge 
of  the  Michigan  Land  &  Iron  Co.     He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Madison  Land  &  Lumber  Co.,  and  of 
the  Monona  Land  Co.,  and  from  its  organization 
a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Madison. 
In  the  legal  business  of  his  railroad,  land  and  im- 
provement companies  he  was  active  in  the  litiga- 
tions over  land  grants,  water  power  and  corpora- 
tion tax  and  foreclosure  proceedings.     In  1884  he 
was  mayor  of  Madison.     From  1891  he  was  regent 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin;  he  was  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  board  at  the  time  of  his  death  and  for 
years    chairman    of   the   executive     committee    of 
three  members.     He  had  much  to  do  with  securing 
Charles  Kendall  Adams  (q.v.)  as  president  of  the 
University.     For  years  he  was  curator  of  the  Wis- 
consin   State    Historical    Society,    and    he    was    a 
member    of   the    Madison    Literary    and    Town   & 
Gown   clubs,   Madison;    Reform   Club,   New   York 
city,  and  Milwaukee  Club,  Milwaukee.     For  twen- 
ty-eight years  he  was  a  vestryman  of  Grace  Prot- 
estant   Episcopal    Church,    Madison.      Politically, 
he  was  a  Democrat.     He  was  married   (1)   Sept. 
23,  1869,  to  Emma  Curtis,  daughter  of  Morris  E. 
Fuller,    a    manufacturer,    of    Madison,    Wis.;    she 
di.'d  in  1870.     He  was  married  (2)  Oct.  25,  1876, 
to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Marcellus  Farmer, 
editor  and  land  owner  of  Syracuse  and  San  Fran- 
cisco ;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child  by  the  first 
union:    Amelia    Emma    Fuller    Stevens,    and    one 
child  by  the  second  union:  Helen  Elizabeth  Breese, 
now  the  wife  of  Dr.  Reginald  H.  Jackson.    Breese 
J.   Stevens   died   at   Madison,   Wis..  Oct.   28,   1903. 
TAYLOR,    Robert   Stewart,   jurist,   was  born 
near  Frankfort,  Ross  co.,   0.,  May  22,   1838,  son 
of  Isaac  Newton  and  Margaretta  Smith   (Stewart) 
Taylor.     His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
was    Edward    Taylor,   of   London   and    Brigghouse, 
Yorkshire,   who   came   from  England   in    1692   and 
settled  at  Garret's  Hill,  near  Middletown,   N.  J. 
From    him    and    his    wife    Catherine    the    line    of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  Edward   and 
his  wife  Catherine  Morford ;  their  son  Joseph  and 
his  wife  Elizabeth  Ashtou;  their  son  William  and 
his  wife  Lucy  Embly,  to  their  son  William  Taylor 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOORAmY. 


415 


and  his  wife  Catherine  Wise,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Robert  S.  Taylor.  Edward  Taylor  (I) 
inherited  from  his  brother,  Mathew  Taylor,  friend 
and  agent  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  a  large  tract 
of  laud,  about  four  miles  square,  on  both  sides  of 
the  north  branch  of  the  Raritan  river,  in  Somerset 
county,  N.  .!.,  and  purchased  more  on  his  own 
account.  Isaac  Newton  Taylor,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, was  a  pioneer  Presbyterian  minister  in  Ohio, 
and  was  located  at  Celina  and  St.  Mary 's  before 
his  removal  to  Jay  county,  Ind.,  in  1*44 ;  he  was 
also  noted  as  an  educator,  and  was  the  founder 
of  Liber  College,  near  Portland,  Ind.  Robert  S. 
Taylor  received  his  preliminary  education  at  a 
private  school  conducted  by  his  father,  and  was 
graduated  at  Liber  College  in  1858.  He  then 
began  the  study  of  law  at  Portland  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Judge  Jacob  M.  Haynes,  removing 
to  Fort  Wayne  in  1859,  where  he  became  a  clerk 
in  the  law  offices  of  Judge  Lindley  M.  Ninde,  and 
also  taught  school.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Indiana  in  I860,  and  in  !Sfi2  became  the  part- 
ner of  his  preceptor,  under  the  firm  style  of 
Ninde  &  Taylor.  In  1S66,  Col.  Robert  S.  Robert- 
son was  admitted  to  the  firm,  which  then  became 
Ninde,  Taylor  &  Robertson.  In  1866  he  was  a 
candidate  for  county  clerk  on  an  independent 
ticket.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  criminal 
court,  in  1868,  he  was  appointed  first  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Allen  county,  but  had  held  the  place 
less  than  a  year,  when  the  governor  appointed  him 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  to  fill  a  va- 
cancy. He  served  in  that  capacity  during  1869-70. 
In  1870  he  was  elected  as  a  Republican  to  the 
Indiana  house  of  representatives,  his  term  being 
for  1871-72,  and  he  was  one  of  the  few  Republi- 
cans ever  elected  to  the  legislature  from  Allen 
county,  his  election  being  on  a  fusion  movement. 
He  retired  from  the  bench  to  serve  in  the  legisla- 
ture. Fort  Wayne  is  indebted  to  him  for  its  street 
ear  system,  for  a  bill  making  the  system  possible 
was  introduced  in  the  assembly  by  him.  Upon  his 
appointment  to  the  bench  his  erstwhile  law  firm 
had  been  dissolved.  He  practiced  independently 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  his  subsequent 
career,  but  for  a  short  period  was  associated  with 
Samuel  L.  Morris,  as  Taylor  &  Morris.  In  1902 
he  admitted  to  partnership  his  nephew,  Elwin  M. 
Hulse,  the  firm  of  Taylor  &  Hulse  continuing 
until  his  death.  Many  of  the  successful  practi- 
tioners at  the  Allen  county  bar  in  later  VIM  is 
were  students  in  his  offices.  In  1S74  and  1SSO  he 
was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for  congress.  He 
won  his  place  as  a  party  leader  in  the  12th  con- 
gressional district,  and  to  the  last  retained  his 
high  standing  in  Republican  councils.  Upon 
several  subsequent  occasions  he  resolutely  declined 
nomination  for  congress.  In  bssl  he  succeeded 
Benjamin  Harrison  on  the  Mississippi  river  com- 
mission, retaining  this  place  with  conspicuous  abil- 
ity for  thirty-three  years,  retiring  finally  by  resig- 
nation. He'was  a  member  of  the  Monetary  Com- 
mission, appointed  by  the  executive  committee  of 
the  Indianapolis  Monetary  Conference,  1907.  In 
IViii  he  was  candidate  for  the  U.  S.  senate.  An 
organizer  and  charter  member  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  he  had  served  from  1903  as  presi- 
dent of  the  patents  section  and  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  patents,  trade-mark  and  copyright 
law;  was  past  president  (1899)  Indiana  State  Bar 
Association,  and  member  also  Allen  County  Bar 
Association,  American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science,  Academy  of  Political  and 
Social  Science,  Philadelphia:  University,  Columbia 
and  Marion  clubs,  Indianapolis,  and  Anthony 


Wayne  Club,  Fort  Wayne.  It  was  in  the  field  of 
patent  lau  that  he  achieved  his  greatest  triumphs. 
So  comprehensive  was  his  grasp  of  this  department 
of  the  legal  field  and  so  marked  were  his  suc- 
cesses that  lie  had  for  years  been  recognized  as 
one  of  the  foremost  patent  attorneys  in  America. 
Some  of  the  more  important  litigations  in  which 
he  was  interested  were  heard  by  the  Federal 
courts  in  Boston.  His  first  notable  patent  law 
victory  was  in  the  latter  80 's,  in  the  case  of  the 
Brush  electric  interests  against  Owens  et  al.,  which 
alleged  infringement  of  patent  upon  the  arc  lamp. 
In  order  better  to  state  the  case  of  his  clients  he 
made  an  exhaustive  study  of  electric  lighting,  mas- 
tering that  phase  of  electricity.  This  victory  es- 
tablished the  right  of  all  companies  to  continue 
the  manufacture  of  arc  lamps,  and  led  to  the 
founding  of  the  Fort  Wayne  Electric  Company, 
now  an  important  branch  of  the  General  Electric 
Co.  Another  case  which  brought  him  great  re- 
nown was  won  through  his  long  legal  battle  as 
chief  counsel  for  the  independent  telephone  inter- 
ests against  the  Bell  company.  When  the  old  Bell 
patents  expired  in  1893,  which  up  to  that  time 
had  given  them  a  monopoly  in  the  field,  the  in- 
dependent companies  became  active.  The  Bell  re- 
taliated immediately  with  a  suit  for  infringement, 
asserting  that  an  old  patent  of  Emile  Berliner 
gave  ground  for  a  suit  against  infringement  of 
their  patents.  When  the  case  was  taken  to  the 
court  of  appeals  the  decision  was  based  upon  the 
validity  of  the  invention  with  reference  to  its  art, 
and  the  independent  companies  were  granted  the 
ri^ht  to  continue  use  of  the  transmitter.  He  took 
part  in  many  other  cases  involving  apparatus  of 
the  telephone  industry.  He  was  one  of  the  leading 
counsel  in  the  Vandalia  Railroad  suit,  instituted 
by  the  state  to  collect  delinquent  taxes.  The  credit 
for  planning  and  carrying  forward  the  work  of 
controlling  the  waters  of  the  lower  Mississippi  river 
belonged  to  him  and  Capt.  James  B.  Eads,  who 
built  the  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  During 
his  long  connection  with  the  commission  the  gov- 
ernment expended  on  levees  approximately  $25,000,- 
000,  and  the  states  and  riparian  communities  ex- 
pended fifty  per  cent.  more.  The  result  was  a 
wonderful  development  of  the  country,  and  the 
value  of  land  in  the  entire  Mississippi  valley  in- 
creased prodigiously — perhaps  three-fold  from 
Cairo  to  the  Gulf,  on  an  average.  He  was  chiefly 
instrumental  in  the  adoption  of  the  hydraulic 
dredge  in  the  improvement  work  on  the  river. 
IVspite  his  multiplicity  of  duties,  Judge  Taylor 
found  time  for  other  affairs  also.  He  was  a  pro- 
found student,  not  only  of  law  but  of  literature. 
Many  public  men  of  prominence  were  among  his 
intimates,  notably  Gen.  Harrison,  afterwards  presi- 
dent, and  the  latter  consulted  him,  with  reference 
especially  to  Indiana  affairs.  He  was  a  comp  ser 
of  music,  chiefly  simple  one-part  and  four-part 
songs.  In  1*59  he  took  a  short  course  in  harmony 
and  composition  at  Geneseo,  N.  Y.  One  of  his 
early  songs,  "0,  Wrap  the  Flag  Around  Me, 
Boys,"  was  played  by  one  of  the  bands  at  the 
funeral  of  Lincoln.  He  held  that  he  had  written 
probably  more  songs  than  any  other  man  in  the 
country,  save  Stephen  Foster.  In  after  years  he 
spent  much  time  in  finishing,  polishing  and  print- 
ing this  work  of  his  younger  years.  He  published 
numerous  pamphlets,  magazine  articles  and 
speeches  rxi  political  and  economic  questions,  the 
Mississippi  river,  the  money  and  labor  questions. 
He  was  undoubtedly  one  of  Indiana's  most  em- 
inent citizens.  He  was  married  at  Portland,  Ind., 
June  30,  1858,  to  Fanny,  daughter  of  Solomon 


416  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 

Reese  Wright,  n  farmer  of  Farmland,  Ind. :  she  and  municipal  affairs.  He  was  a  32d  degree 
died  in  1913.  There  is  one  surviving  child :  Frank  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Eotarv  Club,  Svra- 
Bursley  Taylor,  Fort  Wayne,  with  the  IT.  S.  cuse.  He  found  his  chief  recreatio'n  in  auto'mo- 
geological  survey.  Robert  Stewart  Taylor  died  at  biling  and  in  motor  boats.  Politically  he  was  a 
Fort  Wayne,  Jan.  28,  1918.  Republican  and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the 

CLAFLIN,  Price  Colby,  jeweler  and  optician,  Methodist  church.  He  was  a  capable  business 
was  born  in  Summit,  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  Oct.  17,  man,  an  interested  and  discerning  student  of  pub- 
1849,  son  of  Gilbert  Elton  and  Esther  Patience  lie  affairs,  a  generous  but  unobtrusive  contributor 
(Colby)  Claflin,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Alden  to  private  and  public  charity.  He  was  married 
of  the  Mayflower;  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  as  Mar.  31,  1892,  to  Janet,  daughter  of  Therou 
follows:  John  Alden  and  his  wife  Priscilla  Mul-  Cooper,  a  clergyman  of  Syracuse;  she  survives 
lins;  their  son  Joseph  and  his  wife  Mary  Sim-  him,  with  one  child:  Theron  Sager,  a  government 
mons;  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Hannah  White;  chemist,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  died  at  Skan- 
their  son  Noah  and  his  wife  Joanna  Vaughn;  their  eateles  Lake,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1919. 
son  Israel  and  his  wife  Thankful  Markham ;  and  JACKSON,  Samuel  Spencer,  lawyer,  was  born 
their  daughter  Lucy,  wife  of  Joshua  Claflin,  a  on  his  father 's  plantation,  Chatham  county,  N.  C., 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  who  were  the  Sept.  6,  1832,  son  of  Samuel  Spencer  and  Eliza- 
grandparents  of  Price  C.  Claflin.  His  father,  Gil-  beth  Kinchen  (Alston)  Jackson,  grandson  of  Isaac 
bert  Elton  Claflin,  served  in  the  army  during  the  Jackson  and  Mary  (Spencer)  Jackson,  and  great- 
civil  war.  The  son  was  educated  in  the  public  grandson  of  John  Jackson,  of  Anson  county,  N. 
schools  of  Oconomowoe,  Wis.,  and  at  the  age  of  C.,  a  member  of  assembly  from  that  county  at 
eighteen  entered  upon  a  business  career  as  jeweler  New  Bern  in  1773,  member  of  the  North  Carolina 
and  optician  at  Stevens  Point,  Wis.,  where  he  re-  house  of  commons  1782-83,  appointed  Dec,,  1776, 
mained  for  twenty  years.  There  he  was  closely  by  Halifax  Convention  justice  of  the  peace,  en- 
identified  with  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  be-  listed  in  war  Sept.  8,  177S,  a  lieutenant-colonel  in 
ing  an  elder  and  trustee  of  the  church  and  also  the  militia,  and  a  petitioner  to  assembly  for 
the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school.  After  redress  of  grievances  under  which  the  people 
removing  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1888,  he  made  were  being  oppressed  by  the  royal  government 
a  liberal  subscription  to  the  church,  to  assist  in  in  1769.  Isaac  Jackson,  son  of  John  Jackson, 
liquidating  its  debt.  In  Washington  he  founded  was  representative  in  general  assembly  of  North 
the  f'laflin  Optical  Co.,  of  which  he  was  president  Carolina,  1796-7.  He  removed  to  Huntsville, 
and  treasurer,  and  continued  in  the  active  promo-  Alabama,  where  he  purchased  large  tracts  of 
tion  of  its  interests  for  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  land,  removing  his  family,  leaving  his  only  son 
Chflin  was  also  deeply  engaged  in  church  work  in  Samuel  Spencer  Jackson  in  North  Carolina.  Mary 
Washington,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  was  a  Spencer  Jackson,  his  wife,  was  the  daughter  of 
member  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  there.  Judge  Samuel  Spencer,  born  in  East  Hnddam. 
He  served  several  terms  as  deacon  and  was  also  Conn.,  in  1739.  He  was  graduated  from  Prince- 
trustee  at  time  of  his  death,  and  n  large  part  of  the  ton  in  the  year  1759,  removed  to  Anson  county, 
time  was  teacher  of  an  adult  class  in  the  Sunday  N.  C.j  in  1760.  He  served  in  both  a  civil  and 
school.  He  was  a  32d  degree  Mason,  being  attached  military  capacity.  He  was  one  of  three  judges  of 
t"  the  Milwaukee  Consistory  since  1882;  also  a  the  superior  court  first  elected  under  the  consti- 
member  of  Temple  Noyes  Lodge  No.  32,  F.  &  A.  M.,  tution  of  1777,  member  of  convention,  July,  1788, 
Columbia  chapter,  R.  A.  M.,  and  Columbia  Com-  to  deliberate  on  the  Federal  Constitution;  field 
mandery,  K.  T.,  all  of  Washington,  D.  C.  With  officer  for  Anson  in  the  Revolution;  member  of 
hi?  wife,  who  was  also  a  descendant  of  John  Alden  pruvincial  council  of  safety,  which  was  the  real 
and  Priscilla  Mullins,  .he  was  a  member  of  the  executive  of  the  state  during  the  interim  between 
Mayflower  Society  of  Washington  since  its  organ-  the  abdication  of  Gov.  Martin  (the  royal  gov- 
ization.  He  was  much  interested  in  travel,  having  ernor)  in  1775  and  the  accession  of  Richard  Cas- 
visited  Europe  in  1900,  and  later  Cuba,  Mexico,  well,  the  governor  under  the  constitution  of  1776; 
Panama,  California  and  Canada.  He  was  married  was  member  of  the  first  Provincial  Congress  at 
Oct.  S,  1872,  to  Elizabeth  H.,  daughter  of  Enos  J.  New  Bern,  Aug.,  1774,  which  was  the  first  move- 
Montagne,  of  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis.,  who  survives  ment  of  the  people  of  a  state  adverse  and  opposed 
him  with  four  children:  Harry  E..  now  president  to  the  royal  government.  The  degree  of  LL.D. 
and  treasurer  of  the  Claflin  Optical  Co.,  Inc.;  was  conferred  on  him  at  Princeton  at  the  corn- 
Mabel  Faith,  who  married  Melville  D.  Lindsay,  of  mencement  Sept.  29,  1784.  Samuel  Spencer  Jack- 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  Marguerite  E.,  who  married  son  is  also  descended  from  Jerrard  (or  Geret) 
Harold  E.  Warner,  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and  Spencer,  who  came  from  England  to  America 
Elsie  Grace,  who  married  Julius  A.  Payne,  of  about  1633  and  settled  at  Haddam,  Conn.,  of 
Philadelphia.  Mr.  Claflin  died  in  Washington,  which  he  was  one  of  the  twenty-eight  owners, 
D.  C.,  Dec.  28,  1914.  about  1662,  was  several  times  a  deputy  to  the  gen- 

SAGER,  Frederic!*  Whitney,  manufacturer,  eral  court  of  Hartford  from  Haddam,  and  served 
was  born  in  .Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1869,  son  in  King  Philip's  war  in  1675.  He' is  also  de- 
of  A.  Park  and  Nellie  D.  (Thurston)  Sager,  and  scended  from  the  Brainards  and  Seldens  of  Con- 
grandson  of  Jacob  Sager,  of  Dutch  descent.  The  necticut,  and  the  Alstons  of  North  Carolina.  John 
name  appears  on  record  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  as  early  Alston,  the  North  Carolina  progenitor,  emigrated 
as  1642.  His  father  and  uncle,  George  J.  Sager,  from  England,  and  from  him  a  numerous  family 
were  proprietors  of  Sager  Bros.  Co.,  knit  goods  Is  descended.  Joseph  John  Alston,  of  Chatham 
manufacturers,  Syracuse,  which  at  one  time  em-  county,  N.  C.,  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject 
Cloyed  over  3,000  operatives  in  the  manufacture  of  this  sketch.  Samuel  Spencer  Jackson,  father 
of  hand-made  silk,  Angora  and  worsted  goods,  of  our  subject,  was  the  only  son  of  Isaac  Jackson, 
and  young  Frederick  entered  this  business  afte'  was  an  alumnus  of  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
wmpleting  a  high  school  education.  He  became  lina,  a  man  of  high  literary  attainments,  a  lawyer 
chief  executive  of  Sager  Bros.  Co.  in  1914,  con>  and  lay  reader  in  St.  Bartholomew  Protestant 
Hnuing  as  its  head  until  1918,  when  he  retired  Episcopal  Church  of  Pittsboro,  Chatham  county, 
^jid  devoted  himself  thereafter  chiefly  to  civic  N.  C.  Samuel  Spencer  Jackson,  his  son.  was  grad- 


ROBERT  S.  TAYLOR 
JURIST 


PRICE  C.  CLAFLIX 
JEWELER 


FREDERICK  W.  SAGER 
MANUFACTURER 


SAMUEL.  S.  JACKSON 
LAWYER 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


417 


uated    with    honors    at.    the    University    of    North 
Carolina  in  1854,  where  he  subsequently  served  as 
tutor  of  Greek  while  studying  law  at  the  Univer- 
sity under  Hon.  William  H.  .Battle  and  later  un- 
der Hon.  Samuel  Philips.     In  I860  he  resigned  as 
tutor  and  removed  to  Asheboro,  N.  C.,  and  there 
practiced  law,  at  the  same  time  serving  as  clerk 
and  master  of  equity  for  Randolph   county.      He 
succeeded  to  the  law  practice  of  his  father-in-law, 
Jonathan  Worth,  who  removed  from  Asheboro  to 
Baleigh,  the  state  eapitol,  to  assume  his  duties  as 
treasurer  of  the  state,  to  which  he  was  elected  in 
1863-65,  and  in  1S66-68  elected  governor  of  North 
Carolina.     In    1S65,    Mr.    Jackson    was    elected    a 
member  of  the  convention  which  had  been  called 
by  the  president  of  the  United  Status,  to  restore 
the   state   to   its   former   relations,   and    after   ad- 
journing to   the   fourth   Thursday   of   May,   1866, 
the    convention    passed    ordinances    repealing    and 
declaring  null  and  void  the  secession  of  May,  1861, 
abolishing  slavery   and   invalidating   all   contracts 
made  in  furtherance  of  the  late  war.     Mr.  Jackson 
was  a  man    of    very    attractive    personality.      In 
nature   he   was    genial   and   kind,    and    in   all    his 
professional    acts    and    social    relations    his    bear- 
ing was  courteous  and   honorable.     He  was  mar- 
ried,   Dec.    25,    1856,    to    Elvira    Evelyna,    daugh- 
ter of  Gov.  Jonathan  Worth,  of  North   Carolina, 
and    they   had    one   child,    a    son,    Herbert   Worth 
Jackson,    graduate    of    the    University    of    North 
Carolina,  class  of  1886,  penal  clerk  N.  C.  treasury 
department,   1888-90,   was  an   officer  in   the   Com- 
mercial  National   Bank   of   Raleigh,   N.    C.,   from 
1890  to  1909.     In  Nov.,  1909,  he  removed  to  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  and  was  elected  president  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Trust  Co,-,  the  oldest  fiduciary  trust  company 
in   the  South.     Mrs.  Jackson    (now   Mrs.  Moffitt) 
still  survives,  and  is  president  of  the  Mathew  Fon- 
taine Maury  Association;  also  the  Virginia  Society 
of   Colonial   Dames;    the   North    Carolina    Society 
Daughters    of    the    Revolution;    honorary   member 
Daughters  of  1812;  member  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute   of   America,   Virginia   Branch ;    member 
North     Carolina    Historical    Society;     of    George 
Washington  Memorial  Association;  North  Carolina 
Peace    Society;     honorary    life    president    of    the 
North  Carolina  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy;  and 
for  the  past  ten  years  biographical  editor  of  the 
"North     Carolina     Booklet."       Samuel     Spencer 
Jackson  died  at  Whiteville,  N.  C.,  while  on  a  visit 
to  his  brother,  Dr.  Isaac  Jackson,  March  5,  1875. 
ABRAMS,  Hiram,  financier,  producer  and  dis- 
tributor of  photoplays,  was  born  in  Portland,  Me., 
Feb.   22,   1878,  son  of  Isaac  and   Dora    (Marcus) 
Abrams,  and  grandson  of  Isaac  Abrams,  who  came 
from  Russia  and  settled  in  Portland,  Me.,  in  1857. 
His  father  was  engaged   in  the  real   estate  busi- 
ness and  previously  in  the  retail  dry  goods  busi- 
ness  in   Portland.     Hiram   Abrams  was  educated 
in   the    public   schools   of    Portland,    and    at    six- 
teen  years   of  age   became  a   traveling   salesman 
for    a    large    house    manufacturing    ladies'    gar- 
ments.    When    the    Victor    Talking   Machine  Co. 
began    its    advertising    and    sales    campaign    he 
joined   their   New  England   sales  force,   later   be- 
coming  its    Portland    jobber.      After    selling    out 
this    franchise    he    became    a    salesman     for    M. 
Steiuert    &    Sons,   music    publishers.      While   here 
he  became  interested  in  providing  slides  for  the- 
atres,   making    arrangements    with    a    New    York 
manufacturer,  and  entered  the  slide  business  in  a 
Store  adjoining  that  of  the  Steinert  company.     It 
•was  not  long  before  he  was  doing  business  with 
Walter   E.    Greene,   former   president  of   Artcraft 
Pictures      Corporation,      and      Vice-president      of 


Famous  Players  Lasky  Corporation,  but  then 
president  of  the  film  exchange  in  Portland 
which  bore  his  name.  In  1907,  three  months 
after  he  had  embarked  upon  the  slide  enter- 
prise, Mr.  Abrams  became  identified  with  Mr. 
Greene  in  the  film  exchange.  This  partner- 
ship developed  into  a  broad  extension  of  activ- 
ities in  the  merchandising  of  motion  picture 
film  in  New  England.  Offices  wore  opened  in 
Portland,  Boston  and  New  Haven,  and  several 
thousand  theatres  were  served  in  the  territory. 
In  1914,  on  the  formation  of  Paramount  Pic- 
tures Corporation,  the  principal  film  exchanges 
throughout  the  country  consolidated.  Mr. 
Abrams  then  assumed  control  of  the  New  Eng- 
land distribution,  and  his  election  in  1916  to 
the  presidency  of  Paramount  Pictures  Corpo- 
ration was  only  a  natural  step  forward  in  its 
meteoric  progress.  Thus  it  was  that  a  chance 
inquiry  led  him  into  the  motion  picture  indus- 
try, in  which  field  he  stands  today  the  must 
conspicuous  single  personality  and  creative  force, 
having  brought  about  in  1919  the  formation  of 
the  United  Artists  Corporation,  known  as  the 
"Big  Four,"  for  the  distribution  of  the  produc- 
tions of  Mary  Pickford,  Charlie  Chaplin, 
Douglas  Fairbanks  and  D.  W.  Griffith.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  robust  physique,  of  charming  man- 
ners, and  easy  of  approach,  he  is  one  who 
impresses  all  who  "come  within  the  circle  of  liis 
influence  as  a  leader  of  men.  By  appointment 
of  the  mayor  of  New  York  city  and  of  the 
governor  of  the  state  of  New  York  he  has 
served  on  a  number  of  important  committees, 
and  was  at  one  time  active  in  the  National  As- 
sociation of  the  Motion  Picture  Industry.  Mr. 
Abrams'  favorite  diversion  is  baseball,  and  in  1917 
he  purchased  the  Portland  franchise  of  the  Eastern 
League  in  order  that  his  home  town  might  con- 
tinue its  place  in  the  baseball  world.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Friars  Club,  Progressive  Club 
of  New  York  city,  Young  Men 's  Hebrew  Asso- 
ciation (New  York  city),  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks  and  the  Masonic  fraternity. 
He  was  married  July  1,  1904,  to  Florence 
Hamilton,  daughter  of  George  Hamilton  of  To- 
ronto, Canada,  and  has  one  daughter,  Grace 
Abrams. 

DE  LAND,  Clayton  Harris,  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  8,  1836,  sou 
of  Benjamin  Phelps  and  Amanda  (Harris)  De 
Lano,  and  a  descendant  of  Philip  De  Lano,  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Leyden,  Holland,  and 
settled  at  Plymouth  and  then  at  Duxbury,  Mass., 
on  a  farm  adjoining  John  Alden's  (q.v.)  ;  he  was 
a  lieutenant  under  Capt.  Miles  Standish  (q.v.), 
and  took  part  in  the  Pequot  war;  from  him  and 
his  wife,  Hester  Dewsbury,  the  line  descends 
through  their  son,  Lieut.  Jonathan,  and  his  wife, 
Mercy  Warren;  their  son,  Jonathan,  and  his  wife, 
Amy  Hatch;  their  son,  Nathan,  and  his  wife, 
— ;  their  son,  Abisha,  a  soldier  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Hovey; 
and  their  son,  Nathan,  a  lieutenant  of  cavalry  in 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg,  and  his  wife,  Lois  Robin- 
son,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject. 
His  father,  an  extensive  farmer,  was  the  owner 
of  five  farms,  and  was  first  cousin  of  Hon.  Colum- 
bus De  Lano  (q.v.),  secretary  of  the  interior,  under 
Pres.  Grant.  Clayton  Harris  De  Lano  was  edu- 
cated in  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  the 
Fort  Edward  (N.  Y.)  Collegiate  Institute.  He 
studied  law  for  a  period  in  the  office  of  Hand  & 
Hale,  Elizabethtown,  N.  Y.  Then  he  entered  the 
department  of  law  of  the  New  York  State  Univer- 


418 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


sity,  where  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
LL.B.  in  I860,  and  was  at  once  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  New  York  state.  Trouble  with  his  eves 
prevented  him  from  practicing  his  profession,  and 
he  spent  the  time  in  traveling  and  farming,  until 
1872.  In  1871  he  organized  the  firm  of  De  Lano 
&  Ives,  to  engage  in  the  lumber  business  at  Ticon- 
deroga,  N.  Y.  In  1876  this  company  was  merged 
in  a  corporation  known  as  the  Lake  Champlain 
Manufacturing  Co.,  having  an  office  and  docks  at 
Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  also  the  mills  already  in  opera- 
tion at  Ticonderoga,  and  with  Mr.  De  Lano  as 
president  and  general  manager.  This  company  was 
succeeded  in  1878  by  the  Ticonderoga  Pulp  Co., 
likewise  organized  by  Mr.  De  Lano,  with  a  capital 
of  $80,000,  afterwards  increased  to  $180,000.  At 
first  the  company  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
mechanical  pulp,  and  then,  in  1882,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  chemical  pulp,  and  finally,  in  1SS6,  as 
the  Ticonderoga  Pulp  &  Paper  Co.,  with  a  capital 
increased  to  $500,000,  erected  paper  mills  at  Ticon- 
deroga and  began  the  manufacture  of  book  and 
writing  paper.  During  all  these  years  Mr.  De 
Lano  continued  as  president  and  general  manager 
of  the  various  companies,  until  he  moved  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  August,  1897,  to  become  president  and 
general  manager  of  the  Penobscot  Chemical  Fibre 
Co.,  and,  also  later,  of  the  Penobscot  Development 
Co.,  a  subsidiary  company,  with  a  total  capital 
stock  of  $3,200,000,  controlling  extensive  pulp  and 
paper  mills  in  Maine,  with  a  large  plant  at  Hyde 
Park,  Mass.,  which  position  he  now  holds  (1917). 
During  the  existence  of  the  American  Chemical 
Fibre  Association  he  occupied  the  position  of 
president  of  that  organization.  Mr.  De  Lano  was 
supervisor  of  Ticonderoga  for  eight  years.  He 
made  a  tour  of  Essex  county,  speaking  in  most  of 
the  towns  for  the  re-election  of  Pres.  Lincoln, 
upon  whom  he  had  the  pleasure  of  calling  at  the 
White  House,  and  also  made  extensive  speaking 
tours  in  the  political  campaigns  of  1866  and  1868. 
In  1869-70  and  1870-71  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  assembly,  and  during  this  period 
New  York  passed  through  one  of  its  most  exciting 
and  dangerous  crises  in  which  Mr.  De  Lano  took 
a  most  active  part  in  the  overthrow  of  the  irrespon- 
sible bosses  then  in  control.  He  delivered  addresses 
at  the  unveiling  of  two  historical  tablets  in  Ticon- 
deroga, read  an  historical  poem  at  the  celebration 
of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  settlement 
of  Ticonderoga,  and  has  made  numerous  addresses 
on  agriculture  and  temperance.  In  1916  he  caused 
to  be  erected  a  soldiers'  monument  in  the  Ticon- 
deroga School  Park,  in  memory  of  the  town's 
enlisted  men  in  the  Civil  war.  He  presented  the 
monument  to  the  town  and  the  local  lodge  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  an  address  July 
4,  1916,  when  it  was  unveiled  and  dedicated.  He 
was  master  of  Old  Ti  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M. ;  member 
of  New  York  State  Historical  Society;  Tieonder- 
oga  Historical  Society;  National  Geographic 
Society;  National  Agricultural  Society;  and  Lake 
Champlain  Association,  but  has  found  his  pleasure 
in  useful  work.  Mr.  De  Lano  is  not  a  member  of 
social  clubs.  His  life  has  been  essentially  that  of 
a  successful  business  man  who  by  his  persever- 
ance, energy  and  close  application  rose  to  a  lead- 
ing position.  He  was  married,  Jan.  1,  1866,  to 
Annie  M.,  daughter  of  George  Thompson  of  Ticon- 
deroga, N.  Y.,  and  their  children  are:  Kate,  wife 
of  Hon.  Frederick  A.  Higgins,  former  member  of 
New  York  Assembly  and  appraiser  of  the  Port 
of  New  York,  now  (1916-17)  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  hospital  commission ;  Nora  Belle, 
a.  graduate  of  the  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Business  College, 


and  Florence   May  De  Lano,  a  graduate  of  the 
Oneonta  Normal  School,  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 

ALLEN,  John  Kobins,  mechanical  engineer, 
educator,  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  July  23, 
1S69,  son  of  James  Morrill  and  Eliza  Jane  (Stan- 
ton)  Allen.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ances- 
tor was  Waller  Allen,  who  came  from  England  in 
1(540,  and  settled  at  Newbury,  Mass.  His  wife  was 
Rebecca,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son  Daniel  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Sherman  Allen;  their  son  Israel  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Rice  Allen,  and  through  their  son  Elnachan  and 
wife.  Thankful  Hastings  Allen,  and  through  their 
son  Rev.  Wilkes  and  wife.  Mary  Morrill  Allen,  to 
their  son  James  and  his  wife^  Mary  Robins,  who 
were  the  grandparents  of  John  Robins  Allen.  His 
father  was  a  government  surgeon.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Mil- 
waukee and  the  Ann  Arbor  (Mich.)  high  school, 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1892,  with  the  degree  B.S.,  receiving  the  degree 
M.E.  from  that  institution  in  1896.  He  began  his 
professional  career  in  1892  as  erecting  engineer, 
Bay  City  (Mich.)  Industrial  Works,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  became  engineer  and  secretary  of  the 
L.  K.  Comstock  Construction  Co.,  Chicago,  con- 
tinuing in  that  capacity  until  1895,  when  he 
opened  an  office  as  consulting  engineer  in  Chicago, 
as  the  associate  of  a  Mr.  Ball,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Ball  &  Allen.  In  1896  he  became  instruc- 
tor in  mechanical  engineering  University  of  Michi- 
gan;  assistant  professor  in  1899;  junior  professor 
in  1902,  and  since  1907,  has  been  professor,  in 
charge  of  the  department  of  mechanical  engineer- 
ing. He  was  dean  of  the  engineering  department 
in  charge  of  establishing  the  Engineering  College 
of  Robert  College,  Constantinople,  during  1910-12, 
dean  of  the  engineering  department,  University  of 
Minnesota,  1917-19,  director  bureau  of  research 
of  the  American  Society  of  Heating  and  Venti- 
lating Engineers  in  connection  with  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  Experiment  Station,  1919  to  date.  In 
1905,  in  association  with  Frederick  Farnsworth 
Brush,  he  organized  the  engineering  firm  of  Brush 
&  Allen,  which  in  1907  became  Brush,  Allen  & 
Anderson  through  the  addition  of  Henry  C.  Ander- 
son. He  is  the  author  of  "Heat  Engines,"  also 
"  Heating  and  Ventilation,"  and  "Notes  on  Heat- 
ing and  Ventilation."  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  past 
president  of  the  American  Society  of  Heating  and 
Ventilating  Engineers,  Michigan  Engineering  So- 
ciety; member  American  Society  of  Mechanical 
Engineers,  Detroit  Engineering  Society,  Society  for 
Promotion  of  Engineering  Education,  British  Insti- 
tution of  Heating  and  Ventilating  Engineers,  and  I 
honorary  member  National  Association  of  Station- 
ary Engineers  and  honorary  member  of  the  Na- 
tional District  Heating  Association.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Phi  Gamma  Delta  fraternity  and  hon- 
orary member  of  the  Sigma  Xi  and  Tau  Beta  Pi  I 
s-'ocieties,  also  a  member  of  the  University  Club,  I 
Detroit.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in  hunting  | 
and  fishing.  He  was  married  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  f 
Oct.  9.  1894.  to  Lola  H.,  daughter  of  Benj.  J. 
Conrad,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

BEMIS,  Horace  Erastus,  lumberman,  was  born    I 
at  Clinton,  la.,  Nov.  30,  1S6S,  son  of  James  Hervey 
and  Hannah  Douglas   (Knox)   Bemis.     His  father 
was  a  lumberman.     Horace  E.  Bemis  received  his 
preliminary   education   in   private   schools   at   Jef- 
ferson, Tex.,  to  which  place  his  parents  removed    ' 
during  his  infancy,  and  at  Pennsylvania  Military    | 
Academy,    Chester,    P!a.      He    was    graduated    at 
Vanderbilt   University,   in   1891,  with   the   degree 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


119 


B.Se.  At  that  institution  he  was  conspicuous  for 
atlili'tie  ability;  helil  several  track  records,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  tennis  and  baseball  teams.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Delta  Tau  Delta  fraternity; 
was  a  founder  and  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  ' '  Hustler, ' '  and  was  chosen  the  most  popu- 
lar man  of  his  class.  He  began  his  active  career 
in  the  lumber  business  in  Texas,  and  subsequently 
removed  to  Prescott,  Arkansas,  and  engaged  as 
a  sawmill  operator.  Later  he  formed  the  Ozan 
Lumber  Co.,  of  which  he  was  secretary  and  treas- 
urer until  his  death.  He  was  also  vice-president  of 
the  Prescott.  &  Northwestern  Railroad  Co.,  and  a 
director  of  the  Ozan  Mercantile  Co.,  the  Bank  of 
Prescott,  and  interested  in  various  other  industrial 
rnd  financial  enterprises,  including  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mineral  resources  of  that  section  of 
Arkansas,  being  active  in  the  promotion  of  the 
I'ike  county  diamond  fields,  and  seeking  to  place 
upon  the  market  the  kaolin  deposits  of  that  county. 
He  served  ns  director  and  vice-president,  and  at 
his  death  was  president  of  the  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity Alumni  Association,  and  was  ever  eager 
and  willing  to  support  any  enterprise  of  that  in- 
stitution. His  intellect  was  keen  and  perceptive. 
He  was  a  devoted  reader,  a  good  listener,  and  his 
popularity  at  college  was  followed  by  popularity 
through  life.  His  dominant  personal  character- 
istic was  his  great  domesticity.  Instead  of  being 
abstracted  and  set  apart  from  his  family,  en- 
grossed in  business  and  other  affairs  of  life,  he  was 
a  part  of  his  family,  and  it  was  a  part  of  him. 
He  was  widely  recognized  as  a  man  of  exceptional 
capacity,  and  he  contributed  largely  to  the  de- 
velopment of  the  great  Southwest.  He  was  mar- 
ried, Nov.  14,  1900,  to  Ethel  Norvelle,  daughter 
of  Thomas  C.  and  Amelia  (Ann)  McRae,  of  Pres- 
cntt,  Ark.  She  survives  him  with  eight  children: 
Thomas  McRae,  Douglas  Knox,  James  Hervey, 
Ethel  Norvelle,  Horace  E.,  Jr.,  Amelia,  Mildred 
and  Mary  Elizabeth.  He  died  at  Prescott,  Ark., 
Apr.  1,  1914. 

KING,  Arthur,  manufacturer  and  capitalist, 
was  born  at  Harpers  Ferry,  Va.  (now  W.  Va.), 
July  9,  1S41,  son  of  John  H.  and  Mary  (Greer) 
King.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor 
came  from  England  early  in  the  18th  century, 
made  his  home  in  Maryland,  was  a  civil  engineer 
and  land  surveyor,  and  died  in  Loudoun  county, 
Va.  The  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Richard  ami  his  wife  Susan,  to  their  son 
Richard  King  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Redburn, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Arthur  King.  All 
of  the  above  were  natives  of  Frederick  county, 
Md.,  as  was  John  H.  King,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject. The  latter  early  entered  the  government 
service  at  Harpers  Ferry,  became  master  armorer, 
and  was  the  inventor  of  the  process  of  inserting 
locks  into  the  stocks  of  guns  by  means  of  ma- 
chinery. In  association  with  Capt.  Hall,  he  in- 
vented a  breech-loading  gun,  the  first  ever  known; 
it  was  called  ' '  Hall 's  rifle. ' '  After  thirty-two 
years  of  service  at  the  armory  he  assumed  charge 
of  the  Fitz  Agricultural  Works,  Martinslmrg. 
James  Greer,  maternal  grandfather  of  the  sub- 
ject, invented  the  first  machine  for  boring  gun 
barrels,  and  was  called  by  the  government  to  work 
in  the  armory  at  Harpers  Ferry.  Arthur  King 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Harpers  Ferry,  Hagerstown  and  Martinsburg,  and 
in  the  latter  place  learned  the  machinists'  trade. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  employed  at  the 
Jenks'  small  fire-arm  factorv  in  Philadelphia,  and 
was  also  for  a  time  with  the  Sharps  rifle  works, 
that  citv.  He  later  removed  to  York,  Pa.,  as  fore- 


man of  the  car  works  conducted  by  G.  W.  Ilgen- 
fritz,  a  position  he  held  twelve  years.  In  1879 
he  obtained  an  interest  in  the  car  works  at 
Middletown,  Pa.,  the  concern  being  conducted  for 
many  years  as  Schall  &  King.  He  succeeded 
Schall  in  the  business  in  1891,  conducting  it  in- 
dependently until  1901,  when  he  organized  the 
Middletown  Car  Works,  a  corporation  which  even- 
tually became  a  subsidiary  of  the  Standard  Steel 
Car  Co.  He  was  president  of  the  concern  until 
it  was  taken  over  by  the  Standard,  and  under 
his  able  management  the  works  attained  great 
prominence  in  the  industrial  world.  He  was  also 
president  of  the  King-Lawson  Car  Co.,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  old  Middletown  Bank.  As  a 
mark  of  -recognition  for  what  he  hail  done  in  the 
world  of  industry,  Wittenberg  College,  Spring- 
field, 0.,  gave  him  the  degree  A.M.  in  1903.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Exporters'  Association.  New 
York;  Pan-American  Society  of  New  York,  and 
was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows.  Active  in  the  Lutheran  church 
and  in  religious  welfare  work,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  publication  for  the  general  synod; 
of  the  board  of  church  extension,  ami  in  1905  was 
delegate  to  the  general  synod  and  the  interchurch 
conference,  New  York.  He  had  been  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday  school  of  St.  Paul 's  Church, 
York,  also  a  member  of  the  church  council  both 
at  York  and  Middletown.  He  was  president  of 
Emaus  Orphanage,  a  Lutheran  institution.  Politi- 
cally, he  was  a  Republican,  and  at  York  served  as 
school  director  and  member  of  the  city  council. 
He  found  his  chief  recreation  in  reading.  He 
was  the  soul  of  honor,  possessing  broad  learning 
and  great  skill  and  industry,  and  nothing  thai 
he  undertook  was  unworthy  of  his  best  efforts. 
As  a  citizen  he  was  distinguished  for  his  intelli- 
gent and  earnest  interest  and  participation  in 
public  affairs.  He  was  disinclined  to  accept  pub- 
lic position,  disliked  practical  politics,  but  dis 
played  a  fine  sense  of  civic  duty.  He  was  a  man 
of  broad  sympathies  ami  no  one  was  too  humble 
or  too  erring  to  be  unworthy  of  his  charitable 
consideration.  He  was  married  at  York,  Pa.,  Dec. 
22,  1868,  to  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  George  W. 
Ilgenfritz,  a  manufacturer  of  York ;  she  survives 
him,  with  three  children:  Mary  Ifabelle  (1869), 
who  married  Paul  A.  Kunkel,  Harrisburg;  George 
(1871),  a  manufacturer  of  Middletown,  and 
Marion  (1S73),  who  married  Dr.  D.  P.  Dealrick, 
of  Middletown.  He  died  at  Middletown,  Pa.,  Jan. 
31,  1917. 

GODDAKD,  Pliny  Earle,  anthropologist,  was 
born  in  Lewiston,  Me.,  Aug.  24,  1869,  son  of 
Charles  Wheeler  and  Ann  Elmira  (Nicholls)  God- 
dard,  and  a  descendant  of  William  Goddard  who 
came  from  London,  Eng.,  and  settled  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  1665.  From  him  and  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Miles  the  line  is  traced  through  their  son  Joseph 
and  his  wife  Deborah  Treadwell;  their  son  James 
and  his  wife  Mary;  their  son  James  and  his  wife 
Surah  Parker;  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife 
Sarah  Jones;  their  son  Isreal  ami  his  wife  Susan 
Wing;  and  their  son  Robert  and  his  wife  Patience 
Allen,  who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  His  father,  Charles  Wheeler  God- 
ilard,  is  a  minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  The 
son  was  graduated  at  Earlham  College  (Ind.),  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1892,  receiving  the  degree  of 
A.M.  from  the  same  institution  four  years  later, 
and  that  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia in  1904.  During  1901-06  he  was  instructor  in 
anthropology  at  the  University  of  California,  as- 
sistant professor  there  in  the  same  subject,  during 


4L'( 


THK     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


3906-09,  assistant  curator  of  anthropology  at  the 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  New  York  city, 
1909-10,  associate  curator,  1910-14,  and  since  the 
latter  year  curator  of  ethnology.  In  1915-16  and 
1916-17,  he  was  lecturer  on  anthropology  at 
Columbia  University.  Prof.  Goddard  has  devoted 
especial  attention  to  Indian  languages  and  cus- 
toms. He  is  the  author  of:  "Life  ami  Culture  of 
the  Hupa"  (1903)  ;  "  Hupa  Texts  "  (1904)  ;  "The 
Morphology  of  the  Hupa  Language''  (1905); 
"The  Phonology  of  the  Hupa  Language''  (1907)  ; 
"Kato  Texts'''  (1909);  "  Chipewyan  Texts" 
(1912);  "Analysis  of  Cold  Lake  Dialect,  Chipe- 
wyan" (1912);  "Elements  of  the  Kato  Lan- 
guage" (1912);  "Indians  of  the  Southwest" 
(1913) ;  "Dancing  Societies  of  the  Sarsi  Indians" 
(1914);  "Notes  on  the  Chilula  Indians  of  North- 
western California"  (1914);  "Chilula  Texts" 
(1914);  "Sarsi  Texts"  (1915);  "The  Beaver  In- 
dians" (1916).  He  is  also  editor  of  the  Ameri- 
can Anthropologist.  In  1916  he  served  as  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  education  of  Leonia,  N.  J., 
where  he  makes  his  home.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Anthropological  Assentation;  American 
Folk-Lore  Society  of  which  he  was  president,  1914- 
1916;  American  Ethnological  Society,  president, 
1916;  National  Institute  of  Social  Science;  and 
Sigma  Xi  scientific  honor  society  and  of  the  Civic 
Club.  In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends.  He  was  married  Dec.  2\  1>93,  to 
Alice,  daughter  of  David  Kockwell,  of  Palmyra, 
Mich.,  and  their  children  are:  Myra  H. ;  Frances 
Emma;  Pliny  Earle,  Jr.;  David  Rockwell  and 
Mildred  A.  Goddard. 

JONES,  Nelson  Edwards,  physician,  was  horn 
at  Fruit  Hill,  Ross  co.,  O.,  Sept.  20,  1821,  son  of 
Henry  and  Rachel  (Corken)  Jones,  grandson  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Cox)  Jones,  great-grand- 
son of  Henry  and  —  -  (Lippincott)  Jones,  and 
great-great-grandson  of  Henry  Jones,  a  native  of 
Wales,  who  came  to  America  in  1763.  Both  pa- 
rents were  Quakers.  He  was  educated  in  Augusta 
College,  Kentucky,  and  Hudson  College,  Ohio.  His 
studies  were  interrupted  by  sickness,  but  he  was 
finally  graduated  M.D.  at  Hudson  College  in  1845 
and  practised  medicine  first  ill  Cleveland,  O.,  sub- 
sequently at  Guttenburg,  la.,  and  finally  settled  in 
Circleville,  0.,  where  for  forty-five  years  he  was 
the  leading  physician.  The  cares  of  a  busy  prac- 
tice were  relieved  by  hunting  and  the  study  of 
ornithology  and  botany.  He  boasted  that  he  had 
killed  more  wild  turkeys  with  dog  and  gun  than 
any  other  man  in  Ohio.  He  was  the  author  of 
"Squirrel  Hunters  of  Ohio"  (1S9S).  He  was  mar- 
ried June  9,  1846,  to  Virginia,  daughter  of  Ansou 
Smith,  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  had  two  children: 
Geuevieve  and  Howard  Jones.  The  latter  wrote 
the  text  of  "Nests  and  Eggs  of  the  Birds  of 
Ohio"  (1SS7),  containing  sixty-eight  superbly  col- 
ored plates  made  by  Mrs.  Jones  that  rivalled  in 
beauty  and  fidelity  of  illustration  the  famous  bird 
pictures  of  Audubon.  He  died  in  Circleville,  O., 
in  1901. 

FERRIS,  Theodore  Ernest,  naval  architect 
and  marine  engineer,  was  born  at  Stamford,  Conn., 
Aug.  17,  1872,  son  of  Nathaniel  Betts  and  Louise 
(Keeler)  Ferris.  The  family  is  of  Norman  origin, 
He»ry  de  Ferriers,  a  Norman,  having  obtained 
from  William  the  Conqueror  large  grants  of  land 
in  the  counties  of  Staffordshire,  Derbyshire  and 
Leicestershire,  England.  The  first  of  the  family 
in  America  was  Jeffrey  Ferris,  who  came  to  this 
country  about  1634,  was  made  a  freeman  at  Bos- 
ton in  1635,  removed  to  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  and 
thence  to  Stamford,  Conn.,  in  1641,  subsequently 


settling  within  the  bounds  of  the  present  town  of 
Greenwich,  Conn. ;  from  him  the  line  descends 
through  his  son  James;  his  son  Samuel  and  the 
latter 's  wife  Ann  Lockwood;  their  son  Nathaniel 
and  his  wife  Mary  Johnson;  and  their  son  Gideon 
and  his  wife  Caroline  Betts,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Theodore  E.  Ferris.  He  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  Stamford  and  at  the  Greenwich 
(Conn.)  Academy,  where  he  received  technical 
training.  He  began  shipbuilding  in  a  yard  on 
Long  Island,  where  he  learned  practical  wood 
shipbuilding,  doing  construction  work.  Later,  at 
the  yard  of  John  Roche,  at  Chester,  Pa.,  he  ob- 
tained experience  in  steel  shipbuilding  and  devoted 
much  time  to  studying  drafting  and  designing. 
Thence  he  went  to  Baltimore  where  he  had  more 
steel  shipbuilding  experience.  Subsequently  he 
was  employed  in  large  shipbuilding  yards  in  Phila- 
delphia, Chicago  and  Detroit.  About  1890  he  be- 
came associated  with  the  late  A.  Gary  Smith  (q.v.) 
and  was  with  that  well-known  marine  painter  and 
naval  architect  for  about  seven  years,  during  which 
time  a  large  number  of  river  and  sound  steamers 
were  designed  and  built,  in  addition  to  many  pleas- 
ure craft.  About  1S9S  Mr.  Ferris  became  chief 
constructor  and  superintendent  for  the  Townsend 
&  Downey  Shipbuilding  Co.,  later  (1918)  the  Stan- 
dard Shipbuilding  Co.  at  Shooter's  Island,  N.  Y. 
In  1903  he  again  became  associated  with  A.  Cary 
Smith,  this  time  as  a  partner,  and  the  partnership 
under  firm  name  of  Cary,  Smith  &  Ferris  con- 
tinued until  1910.  From  1910  until  the  present 
time  Mr.  Ferris  has  designed  and  supervised  the 
building  of  more  than  300  merchant  and  pleasure 
vessels,  and  when,  in  1917,  all  ships  then  being 
built  were  commandeered  by  the  U.  S.  government 
he  had  thirty-five  ships  under  construction, 
amounting  to  a  value  of  about  $17,000,000.  Mr. 
Ferris  was  appointed  in  April,  1917,  by  General 
Goethals  as  naval  architect  and  consulting  engineer 
to  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  of  the  U.  S. 
Shipping  Board,  and  he  not  only  designed  ships 
of  many  types  and  sizes  that  were  built  in  the 
government-owned  yards,  but  it  was  also  a  part  of 
his  duty  to  examine  and  pass  on  all  the  plans  and 
specifications  submitted  by  private  shipbuilding 
concerns  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  These  plans 
had  to  meet  with  his  approval  before  the  contracts 
were  given  for  the  building  of  the  ships.  He  de- 
signed and  approved  the  plans  of  about  1,000  mer- 
chant vessels  for  the  government.  At  the  Newark 
Bay  Ship  Yard,  which  was  operated  by  the  Sub- 
marine Boat  Corporation  vessels  of  5000  tons  each 
were  built  during  the  war.  These  were  the  first 
of  the  steel  vessels  constructed  under  the  system 
of  standardization  which  was  worked  out  by  Mr. 
Ferris  and  approved  by  the  United  States  Ship- 
ping Board.  Mr.  Ferris  also  designed  7,500  ton 
vessels  of  standard  type,  built  by  the  American 
International  Shipbuilding  Corporation,  also  the 
standardized  8,000  ton  15  knot  ships  built  by  the 
same  company.  Mr.  Ferris  designed  the  10.000 
ton  17  knot  special  troopships,  several  of  which 
were  contracted  for  by  the  government.  He  also 
designed  some  300  standard  wooden  ships,  known 
as  the  ' '  Ferris  type. ' '  The  dominating  character- 
istics of  Mr.  Ferris  are  originality,  industry,  per- 
severance and  great  capacity  for  work.  He  was 
married  Aug.  25,  1912,  to  Lois  Davis,  daughter  of 
James  Blake,  of  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  and  their 
children  are:  Nathaniel  James  and  Theodore 
Louis  Ferris. 

OSBORN,  Chase  Salmon,  twenty-seventh  gov- 
ernor of  Michigan  (1911-12),  was  born  in  Hunt- 
ington  co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  22,  I860,  son  of  George  A. 


(II  \SK  S.  OSBORX 
(IOVKKXOU  OK  MICHIC.AX 


ADA   DL'XLAP  BOOTH 
ACTRESS 


JAMES  M.  GRIT,  I  K 
RAILWAY  OFFK  I A  I. 


HASKHT 
PIIYSICIAX  AND  SURGKON 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


421 


ana  Margaret  Ann  (Fannon)  Oshorn,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  George  Osborn,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land in  the  seventeenth  century  and  settled  at 
Plymouth,  Mass.  Both  his  father  and  mother  were 
physicians.  While  attending  the  public  schools  he 
sold  newspapers  in  Lafayette,  Ind.,  and  served 
an  apprenticeship  iu  a  printing  oltice,  where  he 
learned  to  set  type.  Through  the  savings  from 
various  employments  he  was  enabled  to  spend 
three  years  at  Purdue  University.  In  1911  the 
University  of  Michigan  and  Olivet  (Mich.)  Col- 
lege, and  in  1912  Alma  (Mich.)  College,  gave  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  He  began  his  news- 
paper career  as  a  reporter  on  the  "Home  Jour- 
nal ' '  at  Lafayette.  He  was  attached  to  the  staff 
of  the  Chicago  ' '  Tribuue  ' '  in  1S79  and  of  th_>  Mil- 
waukee "Sentinel1'  in  18SO.  In  1883  he  pur- 
chased the  "Mining  News"  of  Florence,  Wis.,  and 
conducted  it  for  four  years.  He  was  city  editor 
of  the  Milwaukee  "Sentinel"  for  a  few  months, 
when  in  1S87  he  removed  to  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Mich.,  acquired  an  interest  in  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
"News,''  and  became  its  sole  proprietor  in  1889. 
He  made  the  "News"  a  great  influence  for  the 
general  development  and  civic  betterment  of  the 
Michigan  peninsula  and  a  powerful  medium  for  ad- 
vancing the  interests  of  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  a  proprietor  of  the  "Courier-Herald,"  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich.,  from  1901  to  1912.  From  his  first 
entrance  in  Michigan  he  took  an  active  part  in 
politics.  He  was  postmaster  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
during  1889-93 ;  state  game  and  fish  warden, 
1895-99;  commissioner  of  railroads  for  Michigan, 
1899-1903,  and  a  regent  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  1908-11.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Michigan  in  1910.  He  gave  the  state  a  thoroughly 
businesslike  administration,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  the  most  progressive  chief  executive  Michi- 
gan ever  had.  In  the  1911  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture he  secured  the  passage  of  an  act  regulating 
the  charges  of  express  companies  and  forbidding 
the  establishment  of  joint  agencies  by  express 
companies;  a  measure  making  telephone  and  tele- 
graph companies  common  carriers  and  putting 
them  under  the  control  of  the  railroad  commis- 
sioner; a  law  providing  for  2-cent  rate  of  fare  OB 
railroads  in  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan;  a 
law  providing  for  appointment  of  a  bi-partisan 
commission  to  investigate  the  entire  taxation  sys- 
tem of  the  state,  and  a  law  reorganizing  the  Mich- 
igan national  guard  and  divorcing  it  from  pol- 
itics, which  is  now  used  as  a  model  for  other 
states  and  endorsed  by  the  federal  authorities. 
During  a  special  session  of  the  legislature  in  1912 
bills  were  passed  providing  for  the  presidential 
preference  primary,  which  was  said  to  be  the  great- 
est single  stride  toward  the  achievement  of  gen- 
uine popular  rule  that  has  been  taken  in  Michi- 
gan since  the  enactment  of  the  first  primary  laws; 
creating  an  industrial  accident  board  and  provid- 
ing in  general  for  workmen 's  compensation  and 
employers'  liability,  and  prohibiting  the  owner- 
ship of  saloons  by  breweries  or  by  any  one  in- 
terested in  the  wholesale  distribution  of  liquor,  and 
a  concurrent  woman's  suffrage  resolution  submit- 
ting that  question  to  the  people.  During  Gov.  Os- 
born's  administration  a  deficit  of  nearly  a  million 
dollars  in  the  state  treasury  was  changed  to  a  sur- 
plus of  more  than  that  amount.  He  sought  to 
eliminate  wasteful  duplication  and  his  moral  cour- 
p.ge  impressed  friend  and  foe  alike.  He  was  active 
in  the  formation  of  the  Progressive  wing  of  the 
Republican  party  and  was  one  of  the  seven  gover- 
nors who  signed  an  appeal  to  Theodore  Roosevelt 
to  become  a  candidate,  but  did  not  affiliate  with 


the  Progressive  party.  He  is  an  enthusiastic 
sportsman  and  woodsman,  a  life-long  student 
of  nature  and  follower  of  outdoor  life.  He 
made  a  special  study  of  the  geology  of  the  upper 
peninsula,  and  is  known  as  the  discoverer  of  the 
Moose  Mountain  district,  the  greatest  iron  range 
in  Canada.  He  has  traveled  in  all  of  the  coun- 
tries of  the  world,  and  has  made  explorations  in 
the  Canadian  Rockies  and  the  Andes.  He  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  scientists  in  1916  by  an 
explanation  of  the  phenomenon  of  the  sourn-  of 
the  firefly  's  light,  a  problem  that  has  long  baffled 
science.  According  to  his  theory  the  light  of 
the  firefly  is  obtained  from  phosphorescent  wood; 
the  firefly  resembles  a  storage  battery  and  has  no 
creative  function.  Gov.  Osborn 's  development  of 
this  theory  followed  the  discovery  of  Goureau,  a 
French  biologist,  that  fireflies  deposit  their  eggs 
in  decaying  wood,  where  they  remain  five  years, 
and  the  discovery  by  Dubois  of  enzymes  in  the 
prothorax  of  fireflies.  The  enzymes  cause  the 
phosphorescence  in  the  wood  by  catalysis.  The 
f.LTgs  of  the  insect  remain  in  the  decaying  wood 
for  five  years  to  enable  the  process  of  catalysis 
to  reach  the  point  of  perfection,  when  the  light 
caused  by  it  is  transferred  to  the  larvae,  the  en- 
zymes acting  as  the  agent  of  the  transference. 
The  display  of  the  light  is  caused  by  mechanical 
action,  and  that  is  the  only  part  in  the  creation 
of  light  that  the  firefly  plays.  Gov.  Osborn  u 
past  president  of  the  Michigan  Press  Association; 
honorary  member  of  the  Madagascar  Academy  of 
Science;  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Po- 
litical and  Social  Science,  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  American 
Institute  of  Mining  and  Metallurgical  Engineers, 
American  Ornithologists'  Union,  Michigan  Acad- 
emy of  Science,  Lake  Superior  Mining  Institute, 
Republican  Newspaper  Association  of  Michigan; 
honorary  president  Sigma  Delta  Chi;  the  Detroit, 
Athletic,  Prismatic  and  University  clubs  of  De- 
troit; the  Press  and  Campfire  clubs  of  Chicago, 
and  the  Press  Club  of  Milwaukee;  Canadian  Camp, 
New  York;  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  is  a  Scottish 
Rite  Mason  of  33rd  degree.  He  is  vice-president 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie. 
He  is  author  of  "The  Andean  Land"  ('2  vols., 
1909)  and  "The  Iron  Hunter"  (1919),  the  latter 
an  autobiographical  narrative  and  a  scholarly  dis- 
quisition on  iron  and  the  development  of  the 
Great  Lakes  region,  and  of  various  magazine  and 
newspaper  articles,  chiefly  on  scientific,  historical 
and  travel  subjects.  His  latest  idea  is  to  sub- 
stitute a  calorie  dollar  for  the  gold  standard.  The 
norm  of  this  dollar  is  a  calorie  of  nutrition,  and 
the  basis  of  it  is  that  everything  in  the  world  only 
possesses  fundamental  value  in  proportion  as  it 
sustains  life.  He  was  married  May  7,  1SS1,  to 
Lillian  Gertrude  Jones  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and 
has  four  children:  George  A.,  Chase  S.,  Jr.,  Emily, 
who  married  Richard  Sanderson,  and  Ethel,  who 
married  Adam  E.  Ferguson. 

BOOTH,  Ada  Pearl  Dunlap  (Adeline  Dun- 
lap),  actress,  was  born  in  Rose  Hill,  Jasper  co., 
111.,  Oct.  22,  1884,  daughter  of  William  C.  and 
Margaret  (Beaeom)  Dunlap.  Her  father  was  a 
noted  Biblical  student  and  author  of  "Chronology 
of  the  Bible"  (1914),  and  her  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  William  H.  Beaeom,  a  Methodist 
clergyman  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  editor  of  ' '  The 
Western  Star. ' '  Miss  Dunlap 's  girlhood  was 
spent  in  Denver,  Colo.,  where  her  parents,  both 
of  whom  were  teachers,  directed  her  education. 
Her  sister  Dora  had  married  Henry  C.  Tabor, 


422 


THE     NATIONAL    CYCLOPAEDIA 


nephew  of  Senator  H.  A.  W.  Tabor,  proprietor  of 
the  Tabor  Grand  Opera  House  of  Denver,  and  it 
was  thus  that  Miss  Dunlap  received  her  first  in- 
spirations for  the  stage.  She  made  her  first  ap- 
pearance as  Lady  Plymdale  in  "Lady  Winder- 
mere  's  Fan''  at  Manhattan  Beach,  Denver,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen.  Her  acting  attracted  instant  at- 
tention, and  led  to  a  New  York  engagement,  when 
she  adopted  the  professional  name  of  Adeline 
Dunlap.  She  appeared  in  various  stock  companies 
in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Providence,  R.  I., 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
and  wa&  a  member  of  the  all-star  cast  of  "Quo 
Vadis, "  which  toured  the  country  in  1902.  Dur- 
ing* the-  sea.-on  of  1906-07  she  played  Bessie  Tan- 
ner, the  athletic  girl,  in  "The  College  Widow"  in 
New  York  and  at  the  Adelphi  Theatre,  London, 
England,  during  the  following  season.  On  her 
return. she  starred  in  "Madame  X''  during  1910- 
12,  and  received  liiuh  praise  from  cvitics  through- 
out the  leading  cities  of  the  United  States.  While 
possessing  the  dual  gift  of  playing  successfully 
both  comedy  and  tragedy,  she  is  at  her  best  in 
emotional  parts,  and  her  acting  in  ' '  Madame  X  ' ' 
was  compared  wiln  that  of  Clara  Morris  and  Mrs. 
Minnie'  Maddern  Fiske.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
number'  of  poems  and  dramatic  artirk-s  published 
in  the  daily  newspapers.  She  wrote  a  scenario, 
"The  Home- Defense  "  (191S),  a  striking  illustra- 
tion of  the  equal  suffrage  situation,  and  a  drama, 
"Minerva's  Experiment,"  which  was  produced  on 
the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  Twentieth 
Century  Club  of  Detroit  in  1919,  and  also  wrote 
two  one-act  plays  for  the  Fine  Arts  Society  of 
Detroit  which  were  produced  at  the  Arts  and 
Crafts'  Playhouse,  Feb.  14,  1920,  one  an  allegory 
called  "Fine  Arts"  (Biblical  theme);  the  other 
a  comedy  mock  trial  court  scene  entitled  ' '  The 
Case  of  Tip  vs.  Nip. ' '  During  the  war  with 
Germany  she  volunteered  her  services  as  Red 
Cross-  nurse,  serving  in  hospitals  of  Detroit  and 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  She  was  married  Feb.  5,  3911, 
to  Charles  Hague  Booth,  a  lumber  mi'ivhant  of 
Detroit,  Mich.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Twentieth 
Century  (  lub,  Fine  Arts,  Drama  League,  Red 
Cross,  Political  ami  Civic  League,  and  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Political  ami  Civic  League  in  191!). 

GRUBER,   James  M.,   railway  executive,  -was 
born  in  Iowa  city,  In.,  Mar.  22,  1868,  son  of  John 

and  Anna  Marguerita    ( — )    Gruber.     He 

was  edm-ati'd  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools  of 
Iowa  City  and  began  his  business  career  in  l^vl 
as  a  stenographer  in  the  freight  office  of  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railroad  Co.  Two 
years  later  he  was  promoted  stenographer  anil 
clerk  in  the  office  of  the  general  manager,  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  Subsequently,  he  became  secretary 
to  the  president  of  the  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co., 
Chicago,  and  afterwards  went  to  Temple,  Tex.,  as 
clerk  in  the  offices  of  the  superintendent  of  the 
Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co.  He  -was 
then  appointed  chief  clerk  to  the  superintendent  at 
Cleburne,  and  later  assistant  train  master  at 
Gainesville,  Tex.  In  1S91  he  became  train  master 
of  the  southern  division,  with  headquarters  at 
Temple,  and  through  successive  promotions, 
served  as  chief  clerk  to  the  superintendent  of 
transportation,  Galveston;  train  master,  with  head- 
quarters at  Temple,  and  chief  clerk  to  Benjamin 
F.  Yoakum,  then  general  manager  of  the  Gulf, 
Colorado  and  Santa  Fe.  In  1895  he  was  made 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  Eastern  Railway 
of  Minnesota,  Superior,  Wis.,  and  six  months  later 
was  promoted  superintendent.  He  became  gen- 
eral superintendent  of  the  Montana  Central  Rail- 


road Co.,  Great  Falls,  Mont.,  in  1896,  and  assistant 
general  superintendent  of  the  eastern  district  of 
the  Great  Northern  Railway  Co.,  St.  Paul,  in  1897. 
In  1903  he  was  made  general  superintendent  of 
the  southwestern  district  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  Co.,  with  headquarters 
at  Topeka,  Kan.  The  following  year  lie  became 
general  superintendent  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road Co.,  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  in  1905  went  with  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Co.,  as 
general  manager  of  the  lines  east  of  the  Missouri 
river,  with  headquarters  in  Chicago.  In  1907  he 
returned  to  the  service  of  the  Great  Northern  as 
general  manager,  and  since  October,  1912,  has 
been  vice-president  of  that  road,  in  charge  of 
operation  and  maintenance.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  Club,  St.  Paul.  It.'  wa*;  married  at 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Sept.  12,  1S95,  to  Ensenice  Caro- 
line, daughter  of  H.  P.  Dryer,  of  Tromso,  Nor- 
way, and  has  five  children:  Astrid  H.,  Marcus  J., 
Myia  G.,  Arnold  J.,  and  Norman  M.  Gruber. 

DERBY,  Hasket,  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  29,  1835,  son  of  Elias 
Hasket  and  Kloise  Lloyd  (Strong)  Derby,  and  a 
descendant  of  Roger  Derby,  a  native  of  Topsham, 
England,  who  settled  at  Ipswich,  Mass.,  in  duly, 
1H71,  and  moved  to  Salem,  Mass.,  in  IfiSl ;  from 
him  and  his  wife,  Lucretia  Hilnian,  the  line  is 
traced  through  their  son  Richard  and  his  wife 
Martha  Hasket;  their  son  Richard  and  his  wife 
Mary  Hodges;  their  son  Elias  Hasket,  a  leading 
citizen  and  merchant  of  Salem  during  the  revolu- 
tion, and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Crowninshield ;  and 
their  son  Elias  Hasket  and  his  wife  Lucy  Brown, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  Hasket  Derby.  He 
was  graduated  A.B.  at  Amherst  College  in  1855, 
receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the  same  in- 
stitution three  years  later,  and  entered  Harvard 
medical  school,  where  he  was  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  M.I  >.  in  ISoS.  During  the  closing  year 
of  his  medical  studies  he  served  as  house  surgeon 
of  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital.  After 
graduation  he  sailed  for  Europe  as  ship 's  doctor 
of  a  sailing  craft.  He  studied  general  medicine 
for  eighteen  months,  and  then  took  up  the  study 
of  diseases  of  the  eye,  first  in  Vienna  under  Van 
Arlt  and  Jaeger;  in  Berlin  under  von  Graefe;  in 
London  under  Bowman,  Critchett,  Greenfield  and 
Hutchinson;  in  Utrecht  under  Donders,  and  in 
Paris  under  Desmarres  and  Sichel.  To  these  studies 
of  the  eye  he  devoted  two  y  arg  ami  a  half.  While 
in  Europe  the  civil  war  broke  out,  and  he  wished 
to  come  home  to  enter  the  military  service,  but 
his  parents  desired  him  to  complete  his  studies. 
When  he  returned  he  volunteered  and  served  under 
the  sanitary  commission  at  Fortress  Monroe.  He 
settled  in  Boston  in  1S62,  and  was  one  of  the 
surgeons  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary  for  thirty  years.  In  1877  he 
founded  the  eye  department  of  the  Carney  Hos- 
pital, of  which  he  was  consulting  surgeon  for  a 
prrind  of  thirty-seven  years.  Dr.  Derby  was  one 
of  the  founders  and  later  chairman  of  the  New 
England  Ophthalmological  Society.  With  Dr. 
Henry  D.  Noyes,  of  New  York  city,  he  originated 
the  American  Ophthalmological  Society,  and  was 
later  its  president.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Deutsche  Ophthalmologische  Gesell- 
schaft,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association.  He  was  a  lecturer  on  the  eye  at 
the  Harvard  medical  school  for  a  short  period,  and 
taught  clinically  for  years  in  various  hospitals. 
He  was  for  ten  years  a  trustee  of  the  Children  's 
Institutions  Department  and  one  of  the  original 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


423 


board  of  visiting  physicians  of  the  Danvers  Hos- 
pital for  tin-  Insane,  and  secretary  of  the  board 
from  its  inception  until  about.  1910.  Dr.  Derby 
frequently  visited  Europe,  whence  he  brought 
home  the  newer  ideas  in  his  specialty.  He  was 
particularly  fertile  hi  the  employment  of  new  ap- 
pliances. Dr.  Derby  never  practiced  medicine. 
He  was  a  pure  specialist  from  the  beginning  of 
his  career.  He  collected  a  fine  library  of  English 
classics,  and  was  familiar  with  the  Latin,  German, 
French,  Spanish  and  Swedish  languages,  and 
translated  many  stories  from  the  German  and 
some  from  the  Swedish,  which  were  published  in 
magazines.  He  developed  the  scenic  features  of 
Mt.  Desert,  where  he  was  also  instrumental  in 
building  the  rural  church  of  St.  Sylvia.  Through- 
out his  life  he  was  an  indefatigable  worker.  His 
clubs  were:  Union,  Somerset  and  Union  Boat;  he 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Boston  Athletic  Associa- 
tion. He  was  married  Oct.  15,  1868,  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Charles  Mason,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman  of  Boston,  and  their  children  were: 
Eloise  Lloyd;  George  Strong;  Stephen  Hasket ; 
Robert  Mason;  Augustine,  and  Arthur  Lawrence 
Derby.  He  died  at  Falmouth  Foreside,  Me.,  Aug. 
21,  1014.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  421). _ 

ALLEN,  Wilbur  Price,  lawyer,  was  born  at 
La  Grange,  Tex.,  Sept.  26,  1879,  son  of  Rev.  Fred 
Lowery  and  Celiiida  (Whipple)  Allen,  and  great- 
grandson  of  William  Allen,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  Ireland  and  settled  at  or  near  what 
is  now  Forsythe,  Georgia,  in  1772;  from  him  and 
Ms  wife  Elizabeth  Barkley,  the  line  descends 
through  their  son  Beverly  and  his  wife  Sallie 
Montgomery,  daughter  of  Gen.  Montgomery  of 
revolutionary  fame,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  our  subject.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Whipple,  who  was  one  of  five  brothers, 
all  of  them  Methodist  preachers.  Their  father 
was  one  of  two  brothers  who  came  from  England 
before  the  revolutionary  war  and  settled  in  Ver- 
mont. Edwin  P.  Whipple  (q.v.),  Bishop  Henry 
B.  Whipple  (q.v.)  and  William  Whipple  (q.v.), 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  were 
members  of  this  family.  Rev.  Fred  Lowery  Allen, 
father  of  our  subject,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
Methodist  ministers  of  Texas,  who  enlisted  on  the 
side  of  the  Confederacy  in  the  civil  war  and  at- 
tained the  rank  of  captain  of  the  3d  Georgia 
cavalry;  for  thirty-five  years  he  was  a  minister  of 
the  Texas  conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  South.  When  sixteen  years  old  Wilbur  P. 
Allen  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  Having 
determined  te  acquire  an  education,  after  several 
years  of  strenuous  effort  and  sacrifice  he  entered 
Yanderbilt  University,  but  shortly  after  entered 
the  University  of  Texas,  where  he  served  as  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  "Ranger,1'  a  monthly  magazine; 
he  was  also  editor  of  the  "Cactus";  represented 
the  university  in  two  intercollegiate  oratorical  con- 
tests, and  was  a  member  of  the  Sigma  Chi  frater- 
nity. He  was  graduated  in  1901,  with  both  his 
academic  and  law  degrees,  and  that  year  began 
his  professional  career  at  Austin,  Tex.,  in  associa- 
tion with  his  cousin,  the  late  George  W.  Allen, 
and  Thomas  Watt  Gregory,  now  (1918)  attorney- 
general  of  the  United  States.  He  was  successful 
from  the  outset  and  today  ranks  as  one  of  the  most 
influential  members  of  the  Austin  bar,  as  well  as 
one  of  its  most  pleasing  ami  finished  orators.  Mr. 
Allen  is  interested  in  a  number  of  business  enter- 
prises, is  a  director  of  the  American  National  Bank 
of  Austin,  manager  of  the  Jesus  Maria  Ranch  in 
Jim  Hogg  county,  Tex.,  and  a  stockholder  and 
director  in  several  other  corporations  in  Austin. 


lie  is  Grand  Consul  of  the  Sigma  Chi  college 
frateruitv,  is  Chancellor  commander  of  the  Austin 
Knights  'of  Pythias,  Exalted  Ruler  of  the  Elks, 
and  director  in  two  country  clubs ;  he  is  also  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity of  Texas,  was  member  of  the  board  of  the 
( 'onfederate  Woman 's  Home,  and  is  ii  member  of  the 
board  of  stewards  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  South,  of  Austin.  From  1908  to  1914  he 
served  as  president  of  the  Texas  Baseball  League, 
retiring  only  when  his  business  interests  demanded 
it.  He  was  married  Feb.  9,  1905,  to  Josephine, 
daughter  of  John  H.  Houghton  of  Austin,  Texas, 
and  they  have  three  children:  John  Houghton, 
Wilbur  George  and  Florence  Clara  Allen. 

GOODMAN,  Herbert  Edward,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  July  14,  1862,  son  of 
Hdward  and  Mary  E.  (Brande)  Goodman.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Clipstone,  Northamptonshire, 
England,  came  to  America  in  1S52  and  settled  in 
(lii. -ago,  111.  His  early  education  had  fitted  him 
for  a  pharmaceutical  career,  but  soon  after  coming 
to  America  he  became  interested  in  the  leading 
denominational  publication  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
"The  Standard,"  and  in  1857  became  managing 
editor,  developing  it  into  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant church  journals  in  the  country.  He  was  a 
pioneer  in  the  field  of  religious  journalism,  and 
it  was  from  such  stock  that  his  son,  Herbert  E. 
Goodman,  acquired  that  dauntless  persistency,  un- 
tiring patience  and  determination  to  succeed  which 
were  destined  to  strongly  mark  his  efforts  in  the 
industrial  field.  Herbert  Edward  Goodman  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  Bryant 
&  Stratton  Business  College  of  Chicago,  and  the 
University  of  Chicago.  His  close  application  to 
his  studies  resulted  in  a  physical  breakdown, 
after  two  years  at  college,  and  to  recover  his 
health  he  spent  some  time  in  the  south  and  west. 
In.  1885  he  traveled  in  the  interest  of  advertising 
for  the  United  States  Postal  Guide,  then  published 
by  R.  R.  Donnelly  &  Sous,  making  Boston,  Mas-., 
his  headquarters,  and  subsequently  he  was  man- 
ager of  the  Loisett  's  Memory  Lecture  Bureau, 
which  he  made  a  pronounced  success.  In  1887 
Elmer  A.  Sperry  (q.v.),  his  brother-in-law,  in- 
vented the  first  electric  coal  cutting  machine  and 
organized  in  Chicago,  the  Sperry  Electric  Mining 
Machine  Company  for  its  manufacture  with  Mr. 
Goodman  as  its  secretary.  The  Sperry  Electric 
Mining  Machine  Company  encountered  many  dilli- 
culties  and  the  usual  discouragements  common  to 
new  labor  saving  inventions,  but  Mr.  Goodman 
effected  several  reorganizations  of  the  company 
and  brought  the  machine  through  the  experimental 
stages  to  a  profitable  commercial  proposition.  In 
addition  to  his  duties  as  secretary  his  interest  in 
evolving  the  coal  cutting  machine  for  practical 
usefulness  necessitated  his  spending  many  days 
and  nights  underground  clad  in  overalls  and  with 
pit  cap  and  lamp,  studying  the  mining  conditions. 
It  was  this  tenacity  of  purpose  and  attention  to 
detail  that  enabled  him  to  carry  forward  to  suc- 
cess one  of  the  most  important  of  American  in- 
dustries. After  satisfying  himself  that  the  elec- 
tric machine  was  a  successful  solution  of  the 
problem  of  efficient  coal  mining,  in  1900  he  ma- 
tured his  plans  for  an  organization  for  its  manu- 
facture, one  that  would  make  an  indelible  impress 
upon  the  coal  mining  industry  of  the  .  world. 
Friends  and  associates  were  won  to  the  support 
of  the  undertaking  which  crystallized  into  the  Good- 
man Manufacturing  Company,  Chicago.  As  its 
vice-president  and  general  manager  he  conducted 
the  enterprise  successfully  and  Goodman  mining 


4^4 


IRK     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


equipment  became  firmly  established  in  the  mining 
districts  of  the  Torld.  This  success  was  secured 
in  spite  of  many  difficulties  and  the  bodily  injury 
caused  by  an  accident  in  the  mines  in  l!HiO  which 
nearly  terminated  his  life,  when  he  was  injured 
by  the  cutters  of  a  machine  lie  was  examining, 
suffering  the  amputation  of  one  leg  and  part  of 
the  other  foot.  He  recovered,  however.  He  was 
a  member,  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  Chi- 
cago Art  Institute,  Hamilton,  Quadrangle,  South 
Shore  Country  and  t'niversity  clubs,  Chicago,  also 
a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the  Central 
Baptist  Children  's  Home,  Maywood,  111.,  and  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Hyde  Park 
Baptist  Church.  The  whole  story  of  his  business 
life  was  achievement  in  spite  of  difficulties.  Mr. 
Goodman  was  married  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  3, 
18P3.  to  Jennie  E.,  daughter  of  William  Straw- 
bridge,  of  Chicago,  and  left  three  children,  Wil- 
liam Edward,  Howard  and  Grace  Goodman.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct.  3,  1917. 

S.A.NOUS,  Bora  Knowlton,  author  and  editor, 
was  corn  at  Ashlield,  Mass.,  Aug.  10,  IsCSt,  daugh- 
ter of  Alexander  Hamilton  ami  Augusta  (Knowl- 
ton) Thompson.  Her  father  was  an  accountant  in 
the  service  of  the  U.  S.  navy.  Bhe  was  educated 
by  private  tutors  and  at  Sanderson  Academy,  Ash 
field,  and  Packer  Institute,  Brooklyn.  Having 
shown*  dramatic  talent,  in  1S79  she  joined  Augustin 
Daly's  stock  company  and  a  year  later  became 
leading  lady  for  the  Kiralfy  company  in  "Around 
the  World  in  Eighty  Pays."  While  playing  in 
"Hazel  Kirke,"  she  met  William  V.  Eanous,  actor 
and  stage  manager,  whom  she  married  in  May, 
ISM.  Her  married  life  was  not  a  happy  one  and 
after  a  few  years  she  left  her  husband  and  ulti- 
mately obtained  a  divorce.  After  the  death  of  her 
parents  she  supported  herself  and  daughter  by  em- 
ployment in  the  school-book  departments  of  two 
publishing  houses,  thus  developing  a  natural  taste 
for  literature.  With  Robert  Arnot,  she  edited  fine 
editions  of  Maupassant,  Flaubert  and  Disraeli,  and 
a  series  entitled  "The  Immortals"  (1905),  com- 
prising twenty  volumes  of  French  novels  that  had 
been  crowned  by  the  Academy.  In  this  series  Mrs. 
Ranons  translated  Bazin's  "The  Ink  Stain," 
France's  "The  Eed  Lily,"  Theurint  's  "A  Wood- 
land Queen,"  ami  lie  Massa's  "Zibeline,"  "A 
Turn  of  Luck,"  "The  Scar,"  and  "Mount  Ida." 
She  then  devised  a  series  of  sixteen  volumes  of  the 
best  Italian  literature  (1906),  which  she  edited  in 
collaboration  with  Eossiter  Johnson,  translating  for 
it  D 'Anixuuzlo 's  "The  Flame"  and  Serao 's  "The 
Conquest  of  Borne."  She  edited  alone  new  sets  of 
Flaubert  and  Maupassant,  and  in  1910-11  wrote 
much  of  the  historical  volume  in  the  "Foundation 
Library  for  Young  People."  She  then  joined  the 
editorial  staff  of  the  "Standard  Dictionary,"  after 
which  she  was  with  the  "Century  Magazine,"  till 
the  whole  staff  was  changed.  She  wrote  two  books 
of  her  own,  "The  Diary  of  a  Daly  Debutante" 
(1910)  and  "Good  English  in  Good  Form."  A 
memoir  entitled  "A  Simple  Eecord  of  a  Noble 
Life,"  which  included  some  of  her  unpublished 
work,  appeared  fti  1916.  Her  mother  and  her 
grandmother  had  died  of  paralysis,  and  it  was  the 
cause  of  her  death  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  19,  1916. 

WHEELEK,  William  French,  lumberman 
and  banker,  was  born  at  Hancock,  Delaware  CO., 
N.  Y.,  June  13,  1811,  son  of  William  and  Eleanor 
(Knox)  Wheeler;  grandson  of  William  and  Han- 
nah French  Wheeler,  and  great-grandson  of 
Ephraim  Wheeler,  who  came  from  Wales.  Will- 
iam Wheeler,  father  of  the  subject  and  a  native 
of  Blandford,  Mass.,  was  a  lumberman;  in  1813 


he  settled  at  Deposit,  N.  Y.,  then  called  Cook 
House  (probably  a  corruption  of  the  Indian  name 
Kookoose) ,  and  there  owned  lumber  mills  and 
timber  laud.  William  F.  Wheeler  received  his 
education  in  the  district  schools,  and  at  fifteen 
joined  his  father  in  rafting  operations  on  the 
Delaware  river.  In  1833  he  took  charge  of  a 
farm  owned  by  his  father  at  Greene,  -Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.  His  interest,  however,  was  all  in  lumber- 
ing, and  in  the  same  year  he  bought  timber  land 
and  a  saw-mill  on  Dodge 's  Creek,  near  the  Al- 
legheny river,  in  what  is  now  Portville,  N.  Y., 
forming  the  firm  of  Dusenbury,  Wheeler,  May  & 
I 'o.,  the  purpose  of  which  was  to  buy  more  land, 
build  a  store,  and  do  a  lumbering  business.  In 
this  wild  country  the  firm  underwent  many  vicis- 
situdes but  the  thorough-going,  conscientious  part- 
ners finally  triumphed  and  their  firm  became 
known  through  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys. 
In  l^ 3 7  they  started  a  lumber  yard  in  Cincinnati, 
and  the  same  year  purchased  timber  lands  and 
mills  on  the  Tionesta  creek  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
what  is  now  Forest  county.  Later  the  firm  pur- 
chased the  Siverly  mill  property  in  Forest  county, 
and  about  ls."iO  purchased  the  Hickory  property, 
located  near  their  Tionesta  lands.  In  those  days 
it  required  energy  not  only  to  make  lumber,  but 
to  get  it  out  of  the  Tionesta  creek  into  the  river; 
however,  the  firm  was  always  among  the  first  to 
reach  the  Cincinnati  market.  Prior  to  his  advent 
on  the  Allegheny  river,  lumbering  operations,  and 
even  merchandising,  without  the  use  of  whiskey 
was  uulu-ard  of,  but  he  and  his  partners  agreed  to 
change  this  practice.  They  succeeded,  but  not 
without  many  trials.  In  1S71  Mr.  Wheeler  was  an 
organizer  of  the  National  Bank  of  Olean  (N.  Y.), 
the  first  national  bank  in  the  county;  he  was 
elected  president,  retaining  that  office  until  his 
death.  He  was  active  in  founding  the  first  Presby- 
terian church  in  the  county,  at  Oleau,  and  in  1849 
was  an  organizer  of  the  Portville  Presbyterian 
( 'hurch,  in  which  he  became  elder.  He  was  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday  school  and  sole  trustee 
of  the  day  school  organized  in  connection  with 
the  Portville  church.  With  his  partners  he  had 
previously  founded  a  house  of  worship  and  a  small 
school  near  his  lumber  camp.  To  these  came 
itinerant  preachers  and  teachers.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of  New 
York  and  although  he  had  always  been  interested 
in  politics  he  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  a 
second  term.  His  bodily  activities  were  little  im- 
paired in  his  age,  and  he  was  seen  on  horseback 
until  his  eightieth  year.  The  hearty  interest  he 
displayed  in  all  the  activities  of  his  fellow  men, 
and  his  kindly  humor  continued  to  the  last.  He 
never  relaxed  in  the  lively  concern  he  had  always 
felt  in  the  affairs  of  the  church  and  in  Christian 
projects  of  benevolence.  One  of  his  enviable  qual- 
ities was  purity  of  heart.  He  was  a  genial  com- 
panion, and  a  conversationalist  of  rare  ability.  He 
was  domestic  in  his  habits,  and  to  him  the  family 
circle  was  at  all  times  the  chief  attraction.  At 
his  death  he  was  the  only  survivor  of  the  original 
firm,  and,  with  his  two  sons,  was  in  partnership 
with  the  three  sons  of  Henry  Dusenbury,  his  erst- 
while partner.  He  married,  (1)  in  Cleveland,  0., 
in  1S39,  Flora,  daughter  of  John  Q.  'Atkin,  a 
jurist  of  Cleveland;  she  died  in  1850.  The 
children  of  this  union  are:  Nelson,  Egbert  and 
Augusta  Wheeler.  He  married  (2)  at  Peacham, 
Vt.,  Sept.,  1852,  Marilla,  daughter  of  Geo.  W. 
Clark,  a  farmer,  of  Peacham;  she  died  in  Jan., 
1907,  leaving  one  child:  Lilla  C.  Wheeler.  He 
died  at  Portville,  N.  Y.,  June  6,  1892. 


HARRY  COLEMAN 
.TOURXAI.lSF  AND    PUBLISH]  K 


FRANKLIX  P.  GOULD 
CONTRACTOR 


WILLIAM  L.  HOWARD 
PHYSICIAN 


GEORGE  D.  LOUDERBACK 
GEOLOGIST 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGEAPHY. 


-125 


COLEMAN,  Harry,  journalist  and  publisher, 
was  bom  at  Greenbush,  Clinton  eo.,  Midi.,  Aug. 
13,  1872,  son  of  Charles  and  Minim-  (King)  Cole- 
man.  His  earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was 
William  Coleman,  a  native  of  Gravi-se-nd,  who  came 
from  Kngland  in  KJ.'io  and  settled  at  Gloucester, 
Mass.  From  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  his  son,  William,  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Mapes;  their  son,  John;  their  son,  William,  and 
his  wife,  Mary  Brown;  their  son,  .lohn,  and  his 
wife,  Sarah  Coleman;  their  son,  William,  and  nis 
wife,  Mary  Reeve,  to  their  son,  Eri  Coleman, 
and  his  wife  Susanna  Lee,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  Harry  Coleman.  John  Colo-man  (III) 
served  with  the  Suffolk  county  (Mass.)  militia. 
Charles  Coleman,  father  of  the  subject  and  a 
native  of  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  was  a  stock  farmer 
at  St.  Johns,  Mich.  Harry  Coleman  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of  St. 
Johns.  As  a  youth  he  engaged  in  publishing  ven- 
tures on  a  small  scale,  was  an  amateur  printer, 
and  acted  as  high  school  reporter  for  newspapers. 
After  a  period  of  service  as  messenger  for  the 
American  Express  Co.,  he  undertook  to  prepare 
himself  for  a  journalistic  career  and  entered  the 
University  of  Michigan.  He  engaged  in  newspaper 
work  in  Detroit  for  a  brief  period,  as  reporter  on 
the  "News,"  and  in  1S95  purchased  the  "Oakland 
County  Post,"  Pontiac,  Mich.  When  the  rural 
free  delivery  system  developed  he  saw  an  oppor- 
tunity to  establish  an  independent  daily  newspaper 
that  could  circulate  in  the  country  districts  as  well 
as  in  the  city,  and  he  founded  the  Pontiac 
"Press."  In  a  field  where  competition  was  great, 
he  lived  to  see  the  ''Press"  survive  six  other 
publications  and  finally  absorb  the  seventh  and 
oldest,  the  ' '  Gazette. ' '  He  remained  as  owner  and 
publisher  of  the  resultant  "Press-Gazette"  until 
1914.  He  then  spout  :i  period  in  the  West,  and,  re- 
turning to  P'ontiac,  became  a  partner  in  the  Keyser- 
Coleman  Creamery  Co.  Not  long  afterward  he  re- 
entered  the  journalistic  field  in  Detroit  as  man- 
aging director  of  the  Detroit  "Journal,"  and  in 
the  year  preceding  his  death  became  managing 
director  of  the  Detroit  "Free  Press."  He  had 
already  placed  his  impress  on  that  publication  and 
through  it  on  Detroit  and  Michigan.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  old  Pontiac  commercial  association, 
and  had  been  director  and  vice-president  of  its 
successor,  the  board  of  commerce.  From  1000  he 
was  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Mackinac  Island 
state  park  commission,  and  shortly  before  his  death 
had  been  made  its  president.  During  1800-1905 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Pontiac  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  He  held 
membership  in  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order 
of  Elks,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Foresters  of  America, 
and  in  the  Bloomfield  Hills.  Country,  Exchange. 
and  Ingleside  Clubs,  Detroit.  He  was  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  travel,  and  at  college  was 
fond  of  golf  and  baseball.  He  was  married,  Aug. 
24,  1807,  to  Anne  Loomis,  daughter  of  R«v.  Jona- 
than Edwards  Richards,  of  Mt.  Clemens,  Mich.; 
she  survives  him,  with  three  children:  Harriet 
Loomis,  Barbara  Richards,  and  Deborah  Richards 
Coleman,  students.  He  died  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
Feb.  10.  101S. 

GOULD,  Franklin  Pierce,  contractor  and 
builder,  was  born  at  Cuba,  X.  Y.,  June  13,  1853, 
son  of  Whitney  and  Lodema  (Flynn)  Gould.  His 
father  was  proprietor  of  a  hotel  and  livery  busi- 
ness; transported  freight  on  the  Erie  Canal;  be- 
came a  lumberman  in  Iowa  in  1867,  and  a  farmer 
at  Ouaway,  la.,  in  1873.  Frank  P.  Gould  received 


his  education  in  public  schools  in  his  native  state. 
Near  Oxford,  la.,  he  worked  with  an  uncle  in  a 
logging  and   sawmill  business,  rafting  logs  down 
the  Missouri  river  for  the  Omaha  and  other  mar- 
kets.    Later    he    became    a    brickmaker    at    Blair 
and   Gibbon,  „  Neb.     Becoming   a   brick   mason   he 
secured  the  contract  for  a  church  at  Gibbon.    Sub- 
sequently he  went  to  the  Winnebago  Indian  reser- 
vation in  Nebraska,  where  he  helped  make  and  lay 
brick   in   the   basements   of  twenty   Indian   houses. 
After  various  occupations  and  adventures  at  Teka- 
mah,    Herman,   Kearney,    Sidney,   the   Black   Hills 
country   and   in   California,   he   returned   to   Neb- 
raska and  bo<-;iine  foreman  in  several  building  oper 
ations  in  Omaha.   Later  he  became  foreman  of  con- 
struction in  the  erection  of  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  R  lilroad  car  simps  at  Plattsmouth. 
Afterwards,   under  the  firm  style  of  Eocheford  & 
Gould,  and  later   as  F.  P.   Gould  &  Son,  general 
contractors,  he  was  interested  in  the  construction 
of  many  important  buildings  in  Omaha,  including 
the    Gayety,    King   and   Orpheum    theatres,    Loyal 
Hotel,  Boylea'  CuMege,  street  railway  power  house, 
Methodist  Hospital,  the  packing  plant  of  Armour 
&   Co.,   First  Church   of   Christ   Scientist,   Scottish 
Rite   temple,   various   schools,   churches,   breweries, 
public    ortices    and    car-barns,    business    blocks    at 
South    Omaha,    court-houses,    schools,    state    build- 
ings   ,ind    ndlege    buildings    throughout    Nebraska 
and   Iowa,    among   them   the   mechanical   engineer- 
ing building  of  the  University  of  Nebraska,  various 
buildings   at    the   Nebraska    state   farm,   also    the 
Knutsford  Hotel,  Salt  Lake   City,  Utah,   and  the 
City    Hall    at    Portland,    Oregon.     He    owned    and 
operated   a   brick   plant   in   Omaha,   and   was  vice- 
president     of     a     proposed     railway     to     traverse 
Oklahoma   and   Indian   Territory.     He  was  inter- 
ested in   a   line   of   lumber  yards   on   the   Missouri 
Pacific   Railway   in   Nebraska.      He   gave  financial 
assistance  to  the  inventor  of  the  first  ice-machine, 
and   helped   another  who   discovered   and   patented 
a   combination   of   metals   resembling   gold    in   ap- 
pearance and  tests,  including  the  acid  tests.     He 
had  been  actively  interested  in  a  hydraulic   gold 
mine  in  Oregon  and  a  30,000-acre  ranch  in  western 
Nebraska   also   claimed   his   attention.     He  was  a 
charter    member    of   the   first    Omaha   bricklayers' 
union,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Master  Builders' 
Association  of  Nebraska  and  Master  Builders'  As- 
sociation   of    Iowa,    Omaha    Builders'    Exchange, 
Douglas    County    Pioneers'    Association,    and    for- 
merly of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.     He  was  a  com- 
municant  of  the  First  Chuivh  of  Christ   Scientist, 
Omaha,  and  his  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Democratic  party.     He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  traveling.    He  was  married  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  Dec. 
24,  1878,  to  Ella,  daughter  of  Kiel  Atkins,  a  lum- 
berman, of  Omaha,  Neb. ;   she  survives  him,  with 
three    children:       Victor     R.,    a    contractor    and 
builder;    Frances,  who  married   Thomas  E.   Alleu, 
Omaha;    and  Gladys,  who  married  Frank  G.  Rob- 
erts, Omaha.     He' died  at  Omaha,  Jan.  24,  1916. 
HOWARD,    William   Lee,    physician    and    au- 
thor, was  born  in   Hartford,  Conn.,  Nov.   1,   1860, 
son  of   Mark  and  Angeline    (Lee)    Howard.     His 
father   was   a    native    of    Maidstoue,    Kent,    Eng- 
land,   and    came    to    the    United   States    in    1831, 
with  his  father,  who  settled  in  Ann  Arbor,   Mi."h. 
He  subsequently  removed  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  was 
called  the  father  of  the  Republican  party  in  Hart- 
ford,  and   was  the   first  internal  revenue  collector 
in  Connecticut.     The   son  was  educated  privately 
in   England,  France  and  Switzerland,   and  was  a 
student     at    Columbia     and     Oxford    universities, 
leaving  the  latter  in  his  senior  year  to  study  medi- 


426 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


cine  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York.  He  was  graduated  M.D.  at  the  col- 
lege of  medicine  of  the  University  of  Vermont  in 
1890.  He  took  special  courses  at  the  univerMtir- 
of  Bonn  and  Go'ttingen;  at  Ecole  de  Medicine, 
Paris,  and  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  during 
1883-89,  receiving  in  all  three  degrees  in  medicine. 
A  practical  seaman  with  a  master  's  certificate,  he 
was  on  a  whaling  voyage  for  two  years,  after 
which  he  was  with  Kitchener  in  the  Soudan  as 
correspondent  for  the  "New  York  Herald."  He 
toured  the  world  writing  special  articles  for  that 
newspaper,  and  at  twenty  was  sent  by  the 
' '  Herald  ' '  to  assist  in  the  rescue  of  the  Jeannette 
exploring  party.  In  1890  he  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Baltimore,  Mil.,  making  n  spe- 
cialty of  nervous  diseases.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
using  hypnotic  suggestion  in  certain  functional 
nervous  diseases,  at  Johns  Hopkins  Medical 
School,  Baltimore,  and  w:is  an  advocate  of  a  freer 
dissemination  of  the  facts  of  life,  sex  and  the 
marriage  relation.  In  1906  he  removed  to  West- 
boro,  Mass.,  and  engaged  in  literary  pursuits, 
writing  tales  of  the  pea  and  contributing  articles, 
chiefly  on  neurological  subjects,  to  medical  and 
popular  magazines.  His  books  a-e:  "The  Per- 
verts," (1S92);  "Lila  Sari,"  (1908);  "Plain 
Facts  on  Sex  Hygiene,"  (1910);  "Confidential 
Chats  with  Boys";  "Confidential  Chats  with 
Girls";  "Start  Your  Child  Eight,"  (1910); 
"Facts  for  the  Married,"  (1914);  "Sex  Prob- 
lems in  Worry  and  Work";  "Breathe  and  Be 
Well,"  (1916);  "How  to  Live  Long,"  (1917); 
"How  to  Rest,"  (1917);  and  numerous  articles 
dealing  with  the  psychic  side  of  life  from  a  purely 
physiological  basis.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  In- 
ternational Geographical  Congress,  Venice,  in 
1890,  and  he  represented  the  Maryland  Faculty  of 
Medicine  at  European  congresses.  He  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Medico-Legal  Society,  a  member 
of  the  Medical  anil  Surgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
Clinical  Society,  Neurological  Society,  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
American  Medical  Association,  Maryland  State 
Medical  Society,  Baltimore  Medical  Society,  and 
Chi  Psl  fraternity.  He  was  a  medalist  of  the 
Royal  Italian  Society  of  Psychology  (1913).  Dr. 
Howard  was  a  tireless  investigator,  a  potent 
teacher,  and  a  capable  practitioner.  He  was  mar- 
ried July  7,  1885,  to  Clara  A.,  daughter  of  Aha 
Oatman,  a  banker  of  Hartford;  and  left  one  son: 
William  Lee  Howard,  Jr.,  of  Boston.  He  died  at 
Waltham,  Mass.,  Mar.  10,  1918. 

LOTJDERBACK,  George  Davis,  geologist  and 
mineralogist,  was  born  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
Apr.  6,  1874,  son  of  Davis  and  Frances  Caro- 
line (Smith)  Louderbaek.  His  earliest  paternal 
American  ancestor  came  from  Germany  in  colo- 
nial days,  located  first  in  New  Jersey,  and  sub- 
sequently settled  in  Pennsylvania.  His  father, 
a  native  of  Philadelphia  and  a  lawyer,  became 
a  San  Francisco  pioneer  in  1*<49,  and  was  prom- 
inently connected  with  the  history  of  the  Cali- 
fornia metropolis,  especially  during  1860-80. 
The  sou  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  San  Francisco, 
and  early  showed  a  leaning  toward  scientific 
studies  by  equipping  a  chemical  laboratory  at 
home  in  which  he  worked  as  a  recreation.  He 
entered  the  University  of  California  in  the  clas- 
sical course,  but  in  his  second  year  began  scien- 
tific studies,  and  was  graduated  in  1896  with 
major  in  chemistry  and  geology,  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.B.  He  continued  as  a  graduate 
student,  at  the  same  time  holding  minor  posi- 


tions at  the  university,  in  successive  years  hon- 
orary assistant  in  chemistry,  fellow,  then  assist- 
ant in  mineralogy  (1897-1900)  and  in  1899  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Ph.D.  with  geology  as 
major.  In  1900  he  accepted  a  professorship  in 
chemistry  and  physics  at  the  University  of  Ne- 
vada with  the  understanding  that  when  the 
period  of  stress  which  had  made  the  position 
vacant  should  have  passed  an  opportunity  would 
be  given  to  establish  a  department  of  'geology 
and  mineralogy,  which  the  university  at  that 
time  did  not  have.  This  opportunity  came  the 
following  semester;  he  was  appointed  professor 
of  geology  nnd  mineralogy,  and  spent  several 
years  in  the  development  of  this  department, 
and  also  helped  draw  the  plans  and  otherwise 
aided  in  the  organization  of  the  Maekay  School 
of  Mines.  In  l^ftS  he  was  appointed  research 
assistant  at  the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Wash- 
ington, and  spent  the  ensuing  two  years  in  geo- 
logical investigation  in  Nevada,  California  and 
Oregon,  returning  to  the  university  in  1905.  The 
following  year  he  received  a  call  to  the  Uni- 
MTMty  of  California  as  assistant  professor  of 
geology,  was  appointed  associate  professor  in 
1907  and  professor  in  1917.  In  1914,  on  leave 
of  absence,  he  took  charge  of  a  geological  ex- 
pedition into  north  China,  to  investigate  the 
petroleum  resources  of  a  large  territory  for  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  York,  and  in  1915  led 
a  similar  expedition  into  Szechuan  for  the  Chin- 
ese government.  This  work  was  completed  in 
January ,  I'.'IO,  anil  after  three  months  in  the 
Philippines  he  resumed  his  duties  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California.  When  the  United  States 
declared  war  on  Germany  in  1917  the  State 
Council  of  Defense  for  California  organized  a 
series  of  scientific  investigations.  He  became 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Geology  and  Min- 
eral Resources  in  June,  1917.  Under  his  direction 
a  survey  of  the  chrome  and  manganese  resources 
of  the  State  was  organized  with  a  corps  of  volun- 
teer assistants  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  the 
mining  of  these  minerals  of  war  importance  for 
which  the  United  States  in  normal  peace  times  de- 
pends chiefly  on  foreign  importation,  and  of  esti- 
mating the  available  reserves  for  the  information 
of  the  Government  in  its  control  of  shipping  and 
import  trade.  In  191S  he  was  also  placed  in 
charge  of  the  investigation  of  the  chrome  and 
manganese  resources  of  California  for  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  and  of  the  manganese  resources 
for  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  thus  conducted 
a  cooperative  survey  under  the  auspices  of  both 
State  and  National  agencies,  and  maintained  a 
consultation  oflice  at  the  University  of  California 
for  the  benefit  of  men  engaged  in  war  mineral 
operations.  All  of  this  work  was  done  on  the  basis 
of  volunteer  war  service.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Pacific  Coast  Committee  on  Geology  and 
Geography  of  the  National  Research  Council.  He 
is  a  fellow  and  past  secretary  (1906-14)  of  the 
Cordilleran  section,  Geological  Society  of  America; 
past  secretary  (1906-10)  and  past  president  (1914) 
Seismological  Society  of  America;  was  first  secre- 
tary (1911)  and  later  vice-chairman  of  the  Pacific 
Association  of  Scientific  Societies,  which  in  1914 
was  dissolved  and  its  organization  and  good  will 
turned  over  to  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Amer- 
ican Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
of  which  he  is  a  fellow.  He  is  a  member  also 
of  the  Washington  (D.  C.)  Academy  of  Science, 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  the  American  Geo- 
graphical Society,  the  Tau  Beta  Pi,  Phi  Beta 


a 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


427 


Kappa.     Sigma     Xi,     Theta     Tau,     Phi     Lambda 
t'psilon  and  Phi  Kappa  Sigma  fraternities;  Sierra, 
Kiigiueers1   and   Commonwealth   dubs,   San   Fran- 
cisco, and  Faculty  Club,  Berkeley.     His  scientific 
investigations   have   been   along   several   geological 
lines,   ami  the  published   results   have  appeared  in 
scientific    journals    or    memoir    series.      His    work 
includes    contributions    on    basin    range    structure, 
to    the    stratigraphy    of    California,    Nevada    and 
Oregon,  to   physiography  and  structural  geology, 
to    economic    geology    and    to    mineralogy,    espe 
cially    on    the    new    mineral,    benitoite,    and    its 
associates.      His    political    affiliation    is    with    the 
Republican  party.     He  was  married  Oct.   3,   1899. 
to  Clara  Augusta,   daughter  of  Oliver  O.   Henry, 
of  Porterville,  Calif.      ("Portrait  opposite  p.  42.1). 
LACEY,  Edward  Samuel,  banker,  comptroller 
of  currency  under  Pres.  Harrison,  was  born  at  Chili, 
Monroe  CO.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  26,  1835,  son  of  Edward 
De  Witt  and  Martha  C.  (Pixley)  Lacey,  great-grand- 
son of  Samuel  and  Ruth   (Sigourney)   Lacey,  and 
great-grandson    of    Ebenezer    and    Mary     (Hurd) 
Lacey,     and     great-great-grandson     of     Thadileus 
Lacey,  a  native  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1704  and  settled  in  Boston,  Mass. 
His    grandfather    established   in   Benniugton,    Vt., 
one  of  the  first  cloth  dressing  works  in  the  state: 
was  major  in  the  first  regiment  of  Vermont  militia 
in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Whig  party  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  in   1845. 
His  father  having  removed  to  Kalamo,  Mich.,  the 
son  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  there  aud 
at  Olivet  College.     He  began  his  business  career 
in  Kalamazoo,   Mich.,   and  six  years  later  formed 
a  partnership  with  Hon.  Joseph  Musgrave  in  the 
banking   business.      The   private   bank   thus   estab- 
lished was  succeeded  by  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Charlotte  in  1871,  of  which  Mr.  Lacey  was  di- 
rector   and    cashier,    and    subsequently    president. 
For   many   years   he   was   treasurer   of   the   Grand 
River  Valley  Railroad,  which  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing,  and  took  prirt   in   other  business   operations 
which  were  uniformly  successful.     In  187(3  he  was 
a.  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  convention, 
and    during   1882-84   was   chairman   of   the   state 
central  committee  of  Michigan.     He  was  the  first 
mayor  of  Charlotte,  and  during  his  term  contrib- 
uted largely  to  the  city's  system  of  permanent  im- 
provements.    In   l^sl-Sy   he   represented  the  third 
Michigan  district  in  the  U.  S.  congress,  where  he 
served  on  the  committee  on  coinage,  weights  and 
measures,  and  post   office  and  post  roads.     In  the 
48th  congress  he  attracted  the  attention  of  students 
of   monetary   questions  by   a   masterly   speech   on 
the  silver  issue.     He  was  appointed  comptroller  of 
the  currency  by  Pres.  Harrison  in  1SS9  and  dur- 
ing one  of  the  most  critical  periods  in  the  history 
of   national   banking,   he   pursued   a    vigorous,   yet 
conservative,    policy,   keeping   in   view   the   protec- 
tion of  depositors  and  creditors,  and  winning  the 
approbation  of  the  ablest  financiers.     He  resigned 
in   1892   to   accept  the  presidency  of   the  Bankers 
National    Bank    of    Chicago,    and    when    it    was 
merged    into    the    Commercial    National    Bank   of 
Chicago   in   1909,   he   resigned  the   presidency,   be- 
coming  chairman   of  the  board  of   directors.      He 
was  also  chairman  of  the  advisory  committee  of 
the  Continental  &  Commercial  National  Bank  of 
Chicago  ami  resident  vice-president  of  the  Ameri- 
can Surety  Co.  of  New  York.    He  was  a  member  of 
the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  the  Union 
League,  Bankers   (president),  Evanston  and  Glen- 
view  Golf  clubs.    As  one  of  the  Nestors  of  banking 
in    the   central   west,    Mr.   Lacey   was   the   patron 
saint  of  thousands  of  young  men  who  have  grown 


up  under  his  friendship  and  guidance  to  become 
honored  members  of  the  business  world.  He  wa.^ 
married  Jan.  1,  1S61,  at  Charlotte,  Mich.,  to  An- 
netta  C.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Musgrave,  his  busi- 
ness associate  for  many  years,  and  had  four  chil- 
dren: L.  Louise,  wife  of  Oliver  L.  Judd;  Jessie 
P.;  Edith  M. ;  and  Edward  Musgrave  Lacey.  He 
died  in  Evanston,  111.,  Oct.  2,  1916. 

RAYMOND,  William  Gait,  engineer  -was  born 
at   Princeton,    la.,   Mar.   2,    1859,   son   of   William 
Henry   Vining    aud   Laura   Guernsey    (Peet)    Ray- 
mond,  and   great-grandson   of  Ephraim  Raymond, 
who  married  a  Miss   Haskell,   a   relative  of   Israel 
Putnam;   their  son,  Isaac  Smith  Raymond,  a  fifer 
'in  the  war  of  IS  12,  married  Harriet  Yale,  a  mem- 
ber of  the   same   family   to  which   Elihu   Yale   be- 
longed,  ami   they   were   the   grandparents   of   our 
subject.     His  father,  William   Henry  Vining  Ray- 
mond,  conducted   a   private   school  in   San    Fran- 
cisco, and  was  in  educational  work  of  some  kind 
practically    all    of    his    business    life;     during    the 
Civil  war  he  was   connected  with   the   commissary 
department    of    the    Illinois    troops.      William    G. 
Raymond  received  his  preparatory  education  iu  the 
public  schools  of  Springfield,  111.,  and  Leavenworth, 
Kan.,  was  a  student  in  the  University  of  Kansas, 
and  was  graduated  at  Washington  University  with 
the  degree  of  C.E.   in   1884;    the  same  institution 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.   in   I'.MI.'. 
In    1919    the    University    of    Michigan    conferred 
upon    him    the    degree    of    D.E.     He    began    his 
professional    career    in    1879,    in   the    engineering 
department      of     the     Kansas     Pacific     Railway, 
now  a  part  of   the  Union  Pacific.     In   1880,  and 
for     two    years     thereafter,     he    worked     in     the 
summer   for  the   Kansas   City,   Fort   Scott   &   Gulf 
Co.,  alternating  with  college  work;   during  the  sec- 
ond of  these  two  years   (1882-83)   being  assistant 
division  engineer  of  the  construction  of  the  Kansas 
City,     Springfield    &     Memphis    Railroad.       After 
graduation   in    lsS4,   he  was  connected   for   a   few 
weeks    with    the    Mississippi    River    Improvement 
work,  near  St.  Louis.     In  the  autumn  of  1884  he 
became  instructor  in  civil  engineering  in  the   Uni- 
versity  of   California   and   so   continued   until   the 
summer  of  1890,  when  he  was  in  charge  of  the  lo- 
cation through  the  Coast  Range  Mountains  of  the 
proposed    extension    of    the    Atchison,    Topeka    & 
Santa    Fe    Railroad    from    Mojave   to    San    Fran- 
cisco, under  Samuel  Rockwell,  chief  engineer.     With 
the  failure  of  the  Barings,  the  project  was  aban- 
doned.    He  then  engaged  in  private  practice  for  a 
time,    and    in    1892    became    town    engineer    of 
the  town  of  Berkeley,  Cal.,  but  in  the  autumn  of 
that  year  was  appointed  professor  of  geodesy,  road 
engineering  and  topographical  drawing  in  the  Rens- 
selaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.     In  1904 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  civil  engineering  and 
head    of    the    department    of    engineering    in    the 
School   of   Applied   Science,    State    University    of 
Iowa,   and  in  the   following  year   was   appointed 
dean  of  the  newly  created  College  of  Applied  Sci- 
ence  in   that   institution,   which    position    he    still 
holds  (1920).    During  his  residence  in  Troy,  N.  Y., 
he  engaged  in  private  practice  and  was  chief  or 
consulting  engineer   for   the   department   of   water 
supply,   designing  the   extension  work  which   was 
begun   under    his    direction   and   since   completed. 
He  also  built  the  Troy-New  England  Electric  Rail- 
way.    During  1911-17  he  served  as  a  member  of 
the   Iowa   City  school  board,   and   he  has   been   a 
director  in  the  Commercial  Savings  Bank  of  Iowa 
City  since  its  organization  in  1910.     During  1918- 
19   he  was   a   member   of   the   Iowa   State   Board 
of  Conciliation  created  to  adjust  rates   of  public 


428 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


utilities  in  Iowa  during  the  World  War.  Besides 
numerous  technical  and  general  papers,  he  is  the 
author  of  "Plane  Surveying"  (1896)  ;  "Elements 
of  Railroad  Engineering"  (1908);  "Railroad 
Field  Geometry"  (1910);  Railroad  Field 
Manual  for  Civil  Engineers"  (1915);  and 
"What  is  Fair"  (1917).  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers;  Ameri- 
can Railway  Engineering  Association;  Society  for 
the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Education  (member 
of  council  since  it  began  in  1S93,  excepting  one 
term;  president,  1011-12);  Iowa  Engineering  So- 
ciety (president  1913-14)  ;  Rensselaer  Society  of 
Engineers;  Chicago  Engineers'  Club;  Triangle 
Club,  Iowa  City;  and  Phi  Kappa  Psi,  Tau  Beta 
Pi,  and  Sigma  Xi  (president  of  local  chapter, 
1915-16)  college  fraternities.  His  chief  diversion 
is  music.  He  was  married  at  Fort  Scott,  Kan., 
July  1,  1885,  to  Helen  Williams,  daughter  of  Ed- 
win E.  Bay,  druggist,  of  Chicago,  111. ;  their  chil- 
dren are:  Margaret  Leonard,  wife  of  Prof.  Harry 
B.  Hammond ;  William  Yale,  salesman ;  Edwin 
Bay,  bank  clerk;  and  Laurence  Guernsey  Ray- 
mond, lieutenant,  U.  S.  National  Army,  during 
the  war  witli  Germany. 

LEE,  Howard  Johnson,  physician  j.nd  sur- 
geon, was  born  at  Waterford,  Vt.,  Jan.  20,  1851, 
son  of  Nathaniel  and  Isabel  Maria  (Johnson) 
Lee.  He  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  and  at  St.  Johnsbury  (Vt.) 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  the  college  of 
medicine  of  Wnoster  University  in  1S76  with 
the  degree  of  M.D.  In  that  year  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Cleveland,  O.,  in 
association  with  Dr.  William  J.  Scott,  one  of 
the  notable  physicians  of  his  day  in  that  city, 
but  in  1879  established  an  independent  practice. 
In  1914,  however,  he  retired  to  his  country  seat 
at  East  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  For  forty  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  visiting  staff  of  St. 
Vincent's  Charity  Hospital,  Cleveland;  was  presi- 
dent of  that  staff  for  two  decades,  and  he  was 
deeply  interested  in  raising  funds  for  the  main- 
tenance of  that  institution.  He  was  widely 
known  and  celebrated  as  specialist  in  obstetrical 
work  and  the  diseases  of  children.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
Cleveland  Academy  of  Medicine,  Cleveland  Med- 
ical Library  Association,  National  Historical  So- 
ciety and  the  University  Club,  Cleveland.  He 
found  his  chief  recreation  in  the  study  of  his- 
tory. He  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Paul 's  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church,  Cleveland;  his  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  genial,  generous  and  sympathetic,  with  a 
keen  sense  of  humor.  Pride  to  do  well  and  emu- 
lation in  his  chosen  profession  were  his  chief 
incentives,  and  his  record  as  a  practicing  physi- 
cian was  one  of  remarkable  achievement.  His 
gentleness  and  sympathy  caused  him  to  be  be- 
loved by  his  patients  as  unfailingly  as  his  pro- 
fessional skill  inspired  their  confidence.  He  was 
married  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  Dec.  1,  1S80,  to  Mary 
Olive,  daughter  of  Don  Carlos  Aver,  a  jeweler 
of  Boston,  Mass.  He  died  at  St.  Johnsbury  East, 
Nov.  5,  1915. 

NOTES,  David  Allan,  broker,  was  born  at 
LaPorte,  Ind.,  Mar.  7,  1867,  son  of  George  Clement 
and  Eliza  Ellen  (Smith)  Noyes.  His  earliest  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Nicholas  Noyes, 
who  came  from  Choulderton,  Wiltshire,  England, 
in  1634  and  settled  at  Newburyport,  Mass.  David 
A.  Smith,  maternal  grandfather  of  the  subject  and 
a  native  of  Virginia,  freed  his  slaves  voluntarily 
in  Alabama  in  1837;  subsequently  removed  to 


central  Illinois,  and  there  rode  the  circuit  with 
Lincoln.  Rev.  George  Clement  Noyes,  D.D.,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Landaff,  N.  H., 
was  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  of  LaPorte,  Ind., 
during  1858-68  and  of  Evanston,  111.,  during  1869- 
S9.  He  defended  Rev.  David  Swing  in  the  latter 's 
celebrated  trial  for  heresy  before  the  Chicago  pres- 
bytery, Swing  being  acquitted.  David  Allan  Noyes 
received  his  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  Evanston.  He  has  been  in  the  stock 
and  grain  brokerage  business  continuously  since 
he  was  eighteen.  In  1908  he  established  the  firm 
of  Noyes  &  Jackson,  stocks,  grains  and  cotton. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange, 
Chicago  Stock  Exchange.  Chicago  board  of  trade, 
Chicago  Athletic  Association  and  of  the  Chicago 
and  Glen  View  Golf  Club.  He  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  golf.  His  political  affiliation  is  with 
the  Republican  party.  He  was  married  at  Decorah, 
la.,  Aug.  4,  1802,  to  Emma  R.,  daughter  of  Levi 
Bullis,  a  lawyer  of  Decorah. 

SHOEMAKER,  J.  Ferris,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Athens,  Pa.,  June  22,  1838,  son  of  Richard  Shaw 
and  Eleanor  (Bensley)  Shoemaker.  His  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Hendrick  Jochem- 
sen  Schoonmaker,  who  came  from  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many, to  New  Amsterdam,  in  1654,  and  settled  at 
Fort  Orange,  N.  Y.  His  wife  was  Elsie  Van 
Breestede,  and  from  them  the  line  of  descent  is 
traced  through  their  son,  Jochem  Hendrick,  and 
his  2d  wife,  Ann  Hussey;  their  son,  Benjamin 
(Sehoemaker),  and  his  wife,  Catherine  de  Puy 
(or  De  Pui)  ;  their  eon,  Daniel  and  his  wife,  Anna 
McDowell,  their  son,  Benjamin  Shoemaker,  and 
his  wife,  Eunice  Shaw,  who  were  the  grandparents 
of  Ferris  Shoemaker.  Hendrick  Jochemsen  Schoon- 
maker (I)  was  present  with  Capt.  Thomas  Cham- 
bers at  the  Indian  massacre  at  Wiltwyck,  June  7, 
1663.  Benjamin  Schoonmaker  (II),  who  changed 
the  spelling  of  the  name  to  its  present  form,  with 
Aaron  de  Puy  and  Charles  Broadhead  was  com- 
missioned by  Gov.  Robert  Morris  (q.v.)  to  treat 
with  the  Susquehanna  Indians  in  1755.  One 
authority  says  that  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  war 
of  the  revolution  and  was  killed  at  Wyoming  by 
Windecker,  but  another  says  that  it  was  a  son, 
Elijah,  who  was  thus  killed.  Daniel  Shoemaker 
(IV)  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  Capt.  John  Van 
Netten's  (Vanetten)  company  of  Col.  Jacob 
Stroud  's  regiment,  Pennsylvania  line,  war  of  the 
revolution;  in  1797  he  settled  in  the  town  of 
Nichols,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  upon  a  tract  of  land 
known  as  Maughantowano  flats.  J.  Ferris  Shoe- 
maker received  his  education  at  Wyoming  Semi- 
nar}', Kingston,  Pa.,  and  at  a  normal  school  at 
Montrose,  Pa.  He  taught  school  during  1857-61, 
but  soon  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  war  he 
enlisted  in  the  Federal  marine  service  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  chiefly  at  sea  on  a 
man-of-war.  He  was  promoted  corporaf  at  the 
beginning  of  1862;  was  shortly  thereafter  made 
sergeant,  and  became  orderly  sergeant  in  1864. 
In  May,  1862,  he  was  assigned  to  the  U.  S.  S. 
"Saranac, "  of  the  Pacific  coast  squadron,  which 
vessel  performed  coast  guard  service  from  Panama 
along  the  coast  of  Mexico,  until  1865,  when  it 
sailed  from  Acapulco  in  pursuit  of  the  Confeder- 
ate vessel  ' '  Shenaudoah, ' '  the  last  of  the  Con- 
federate cruisers  and  the  one  that,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  "Alabama,"  inflicted  the  largest 
total  injury  upon  Federal  commerce.  This  vessel, 
formerly  the  British  steamer  ' '  Sea  King, ' '  was 
purchased  to  take  the  place  of  the  "Alabama." 
Although  the  chase  took  the  "Saranac"  7.500  miles 
the  ' '  Shenandoah  ' '  was  rot  seen,  and  the  ' '  Sar- 


WILLIAM  G.  RAYMOND 

ENGINEER 


HOWARD  J.  LEE 
1'IIVSILTAX  AXD    SURGEI  i\ 


DAVID  A.  NOYES 
BROKER 


J.  FERRIS  SHOEMAKER 
JURIST 


'T 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


429 


anac "  returned  to  Mare  Island  in  November, 
1865.  In  August,  of  that  year,  while  his  vessel 
was  at  Esquimalt,  Vancouver  Island,  Sergt.  Shoe- 
maker was  wounded  in  the  thigh  liy  an  intoxicated 
sentry  absent  from  his  post,  and  was  thereafter 
lame.  In  1866  lie  was  elected  registrar  of  wills, 
and  clerk  of  the  orphans'  court  of  Susquehanna 
county,  Pa.,  for  three  years,  and  in  1870  Gov. 
.John  W.  Geary  (q.v.)  appointed  him  prothonotary 
to  fill  nut  an  unexpired  term.  Meanwhile  he  had 
for  four  years  studied  law  at  Montrose.  In  1871 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Susquehanna  county 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Mont- 
rose,  subsequently  being  admitted  to  practice  also 
in  the  courts  of  Bradford  and  Wyoming  counties, 
Pa.  In  1873  he  settled  at  Waverly,  N.  Y.,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  court  of 
New  York,  and  until  his  death  was  engaged  in 
active  practice  in  both  states.  For  six  years  he 
-erved  as  village  clerk  and  village  attorney  at 
Waverly,  and  iri  1886  was  elected  special  county 
.ludge  of  Tioga  county.  lie  was  a  member  of 
various  law  associations,  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, Masonic  fraternity,  and  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  being  treasurer  of  his  lodge 
of  the  latter  fraternity.  He  was  a  communicant 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  for  some 
years  taught  a  Sunday  school  class.  He  was  a 
Republican.  He  gave  generous  support  and  hard 
work  to  many  good  causes.  For  a  decade  he  was 
volunteer  weather  observer  at  Waverly.  In  the 
examination  of  witnesses,  and  in  the  preparation 
of  his  briefs  and  arguments,  and  in  the  argument 
of  his  cases  before  the  court,  few  were  his  equals. 
He  married  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  Sept.  1,  1869, 
Gertrude,  daughter  of  Ambrose  Spencer  Sweet,  a 
miller,  of  Montrose,  Pa.;  she  survives  him,  with 
three  children:  Lila  Jeanette  (1872),  a  teacher 
of  ancient  languages,  Waverly;  Mabel  (1874), 
who  was  a  music  teacher,  and  who  married  Edward 
William  Eaton,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  Max  Albrecht 
Shoemaker  (1*84),  a  pharmacist,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 
Judge  Ferris  Shoemaker  died  at  Waverly,  N.  Y., 
Apr.  10,  1915. 

ATCHESON,  John  Franklin,  coal  and  coke 
operator,  was  born  at  Allegheny,  now  North  Side, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Apr.  17,  1854,  son  of  Robert  an.l 
Mary  (Conlin)  Atcheson.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  high  schools  of  Pittsburgh,  and 
began  his  business  career  in  I860  as  a  messenger 
for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.  at  the  Pitts- 
burgh transfer  station,  later  becoming  assistant 
to  the  chief  clerk.  Subsequently  he  resigned  to 
enter  the  employ  of  the  Star  Union  Line  as  rate 
clerk,  remaining  until  1882,  when  IIP  became  inter- 
ested in  the  coke  trade.  In  that  year  was  formed 
the  Connellsville  Coke  Exchange,  composed  of  the 
H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Co.,  McClure  Coke  Co.,  Schoon- 
niaker  C'oke  Co.,  and  the  Connellsville  Coke  & 
Iron  Co.,  and  he  was  elected  secretary,  treasurer 
and  general  manager  of  the  exchange,  the  purpose 
of  which  was  to  steady  coke  prices.  This  so-called 
coke  pool  controlled  a  total  of  5,474  ovens,  and 
also  handled,  on  a  commission,  the  output  of  sev- 
eral thousand  ovens  owned  by  smaller  operators. 
He  remained  with  the  exchange  until  1SS7,  when  he 
became  associated  with  John  W.  Moore,  as  general 
manager,  continuing  in  that  capacity  until  1890, 
the  Moore  plants  then  being  sold  to  the  H.  C. 
Frick  Co.  He  now  opened  an  office  as  a  coke 
broker  and  bought  an  interest  in  the  Anchor  Coke 
Works.  He  continued  in  that  line  until  1903,  when 
he  opened  up  the  Provident  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  at 
Kelly  station  on  the  Allegheny  valley  division  of 
the  Pennsvlvania  railroad.  In  1907  he  sold  his 


interest  in  the  Provident,  and  shortly  thereafter 
he  and  Henry  C.  Frick  purchased  the  Shaw  Coal 
Co.,  on  the  Pan  Handle  railroad  at  Midway  sta- 
tion, and  in  1910  sold  out  to  the  Pittsburgh  Coal 
Co.,  at  which  time  Mr.  Atcheson  retired  from 
active  business  cares.  At  one  time  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  C'ol.  J.  M.  Reid  in  the  operation  of  tae 
old  Atlas  Coke  Works  at  Dunbar.  Later  he  bougnt 
?oal  in  Springhill  township  and  formed  the  Atche- 
son Coke  Co.,  erecting  the  Atcheson  Works,  the 
first  operated  in  that  vicinity,  and  which  plant 
is  now  owned  by  the  Republic  Iron  &  Steel  Co. 
He  was  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Pittsburgh  Athletic  Association  and 
the  Duquesne  Club.  His  political  affiliation  was; 
with  the  Republican  party,  and  he  was  a  com- 
municant of  the  Homewood  Avenue  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  travel,  mostly  in  foreign  countries.  His  innate 
abilities  expanded  in  an  atmosphere  which  fjs- 
tered  their  rapid  development  and  the  advance- 
ment to  the  commanding  position  which  he  filled 
with  honor  in  coal  and  coke  circles,  is  a  record 
of  undaunted,  persistent  effort  and  stainless,  un- 
impeachable integrity.  Few  men  were  more  be- 
loved, and  his  friends  were  to  be  found  in  all 
classes  of  the  community.  He  was  married  Apr. 
13,  1876,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Edwin  Dixon,  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  she  died  in  1913.  He  died  in 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Mar.  8,  1915. 

TENNEY,  Charles  Henry,  merchant,  was 
born  at  Salem,  N.  H.,  July  9,  1842,  son  of  Johu 
Ferguson  and  Hannah  (Woodbury)  Tenney.  He 
was  descended  from  Thomas  Tenney  and  his  wife, 
Anne,  natives  of  Yorkshire,  who  came  to  America 
in  1638,  settling  at  Rowley,  Mass.,  in  April,  1639, 
the  line  being  traced  through  their  son  John  T. 
and  his  wife  Mercy  Parratt;  their  son  Samuel  and 
his  second  wife  Sarah  Boynton ;  their  son  Jon- 
athan and  his  wife  Rebecca  Hardy;  their  son 
Daniel  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Dole,  and  their  son 
Edmund  and  his  wife  Sarah  Ferguson,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Charles  Henry  Tenner. 
Deacon  John  Tenney  (II)  served  as  moderator  of 
the  first  town  meeting  of  Bradford,  Mass.,  on  Sept. 
20,  166S,  and  was  chosen  selectman.  He  was  also 
constable  and  fence  viewer.  In  1701  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  committee  of  proprietors  of  Bradford, 
which  met  to  adjust  the  claims  of  neighboring  In- 
dian tribes.  Deacon  Samuel  Tenney  (III)  was 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Bradford,  and  held 
many  high  offices  in  that  town.  In  1725,  as  a 
member  of  the  Colonial  assembly,  he  was  one  of 
the  thirty  who  voted  against  receiving  the  King's 
charter.  Mr.  Tenney 's  grandfather  and  great- 
grandfather both  served  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  was  educated  in  the  New  Hampshire  Confer- 
ence Seminary,  at  Tilton,  N.  H.,  and  after  clerk- 
ing in  a  country  store  for  five  years  engaged  in 
the  business  of  manufacturing  woolen  hats  at 
Methuen,  Mass.,  becoming  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Gleason,  Tenuey  &  Freeman.  Having  thorough- 
ly mastered  the  trade  in  all  its  details,  in  1867  he 
established  himself  in  New  Y'ork  city  as  a  hat 
commission  merchant  under  the  name  of  C.  n. 
Tenney  &  Co.,  becoming  agent  for  a  factory 
owned  by  himself  and  his  brother,  J.  Milton  Ten- 
ney, and  some  forty  other  manufacturers  of  wool 
and  fur  hats.  In  this  business  Mr.  Teuney 
achieved  remarkable  success,  and  by  sheer  per- 
sonal force  and  a  high  order  of  his  business  skill, 
created  one  of  the  largest  firms  of  its  kind  in  the 
country,  ami  the  acknowledged  leader  in  its  line. 
He  also  established  a  similar  business  in  straw 
hats,  under  the  name  of  Tenney  &  Dupee,  which 


430 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


subsequently  became  Teuney,  Dupee  &  Jameson, 
and  later  Tenney  &  Dixon.  Upon  the  dissolution 
of  the  firm,  Mr.'  Tenney 's  son,  Daniel  G.  Tenney, 
organized  the  firm  of  Tenney  &  Hills.  Charles  H. 
Tenney  retired  from  active  business  in  1914,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son.  He  was  at  various 
times  trustee  of  the  Bowery  Savings  Bank,  and 
director  of  the  Bank  of  Manhattan,  and  the  Bank 
of  the  Metropolis.  His  benefactions,  which  were 
numerous,  included  a  thirty-two  foot  shaft  in 
granite  and  bronze,  erected  in  Methuen,  N.  H., 
where  his  summer  home  was  located,  in  INSS,  at  a 
cost  of  $20,000,  to  commemorate  the  soldiers  and 
sailors  of  Methuen  who  fell  in  the  civil  war,  and 
in  his  will  he  gave  $250,000  to  charitable  and  re- 
ligious purposes,  the  largest  beneficiaries  being 
$50,000  each  to  the  Lawrence  (Mass.)  General 
Hospital,  New  Hampshire  Conference  Seminary 
and  Female  College  at  Tilton,  N.  H.;  and  the 
Boston  University.  Mr.  Tenney  was  clear-headed, 
enterprising  and  sagacious,  a  dominant  leader  of 
the  hat  trade,  and  one  of  the  greatest  personal 
forces  that  have  moulded  the  destiny  of  the  indus- 
try during  the  past  fifty  years.  He  was  a  man  of 
ge'nial  nature,  and  his  prominence  in  social  life 
equaled  his  eminence  in  business.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the 
New  York  Historical  Society,  the  Pilgrim  Society 
of  New  York,  Royal  Arch  Lodge  2,  F.  &  A.  M.;  the 
Union  League,  the  Manhattan,  Reform,  Metro- 
politan, Sleepy  Hollow,  Grolier,  Lotus,  Bankers', 
New  York  Athletic,  New  York  Yacht,  Co- 
lumbia Yacht,  Automobile  Club  of  America,  as 
well  as  the  New  England  Society,  Society  of  Colo- 
nial Wars,  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  the 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  and  the  Massachu- 
setts Agricultural  Society.  He  was  married  Nov. 
23,  1866,  to  Fannie  H.,  "daughter  of  Daniel  Glea- 
son,  a.  hat  manufacturer,  and  had  two  children: 
Adelaide,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Daniel  Glenson 
Tenney,  mentioned  above.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  Apr.  27,  liHO. 

CR.OTHERS,  Thomas  Davidson,  physician, 
was  born  in  West  Charlton,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  22,  1842, 
son  of  Robert  and  Harriet  Electa  (Smith) 
Crothers,  grandson  of  William  and  Maria  (Mars) 
Crothers,  and  great-grandson  of  William  Crothers, 
who  came  from  Belfast,  Ireland,  in  1790  with  two 
sons.  In  1S65  he  was  graduated  M.D.  at  the  Al- 
bany (N.  Y.)  Medical  College,  and  for  a  year  con- 
tinued his  studies  at  the  Long  Island  College,  when 
he  entered  oipon  the  practice  of  medicine  at  West 
Galway,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Albany 
and  later  became  connected  with  the  college  as 
assistant  to  the  chair  of  the  practice  of  medicine, 
lecturer  on  hygiene  and  instructor  in  physical 
diagnosis.  He  was  appointed  assistant  physician 
to  the  New  York  State  Inebriate  Asylum,  at  Bing- 
hamton,  in  1874,  but  resigned  in  1876  to  accept 
the  superintendency  of  the  Walnut  Hill  Asylum 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  Two  years  later  the  Asylum 
Association  was  suspended  on  account  of  the  fail- 
ure of  the  legislature  to  assist  them  in  building. 
In  1881  he  organized  the  Walnut  Lodge  Hospital, 
a  private  institution  for  the  treatment  of  those 
addicted  to  the  intemperate  use  of  alcohol  and 
opiates,  which  attracted  many  patients  from 
all  parts  of  the  country.  He  was  one  of  the 
American  delegates,  in  1887,  to  the  London  In- 
ternational congress  for  the  study  of  inebriety. 
From  1876  nntil  his  death  he  edited  the  "Journal 
of  Inebriety,"  a  quarterly  issued  by  the  Ameri- 
can Association  for  the  Study  and  Cure  of  In- 
ebriety, of  which  he  was  secretary  for  many  years. 
In  1888  he  gave  a  course  of  lectures  on  inebriety 


at  the  Albany  Medical  College,  and  in  1889  at  the 
University  of  Vermont.  He  was  professor  of  men 
tal  and  nervous  diseases  and  dean  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeous,  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1908,  and  in  1912  was  president  of  the  New  York 
Medico-Legal  Society.  Dr.  Crothers  was  the  author 
of  "Diseases  of  Inebriety"  (1S93)  ;  "Drug  Habits 
and  Their  Treatment"  (1910);  "Morphinism  and 
Other  Drug  Diseases"  (1902);  and  "Clinical 
Treatise  on  Inebriety"  (1P11).  He  was  married 
in  April,  1872,  to  Sarah  B.,  daughter  of  George 
B.  Walton,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  died  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  Jan.  13,  1918. 

KILMER,  Willis  Sharpe,  manufacturer  and 
capitalist,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  October 
18,  1869,  son  of  Jonas  M.  and  Julia  (Sharpe) 
Ki'lmer.  His  father  founded  the  manufacturing 
chemists'  company,  Kilmer  &  Co.,  Binghamton, 
N.  Y.,  one  of  the  most  successful  proprietary  con- 
cerns in  the  history  of  that  trade  in  America. 
Willis  Sharpe  Kilmer  received  his  preliminary 
education  under  the  preceptorship  of  private 
tutors  and  at  the  Binghnmton  High  School  and 
Cornell  University,  class  of  1890.  He  was 
scarcely  out  of  his  teens  when  he  entered  the 
advertising  field  and  quijskly  demonstrated  an  ex- 
traordinary capacity  for  business  on  a  large  scale. 
It  was  due  to  the  methods  employed  by  him  that 
Kilmer  &  Co.  gained  its  importance  in  the  pro- 
prietary medicine  trade.  This  concern,  of  which 
he  is  president  and  Sole  owner,  is  housed  in  a 
splendid  eight-story  fireproof  white  brick  labora- 
tory that  occupies  half  a  block  in  Binghamton. 
Since  the  time  he  left  college  he  has  been  a 
lender  in  the  realm  of  enterprise  in  his  adopted 
city.  In  1904  he  established  the  "Binghamton 
Press,"  a  daily  newspaper  of  which  he  has  since 
been  the  publisher.  It  is  a  potent  influence  in 
molding  public  opinion  through  that  section  of 
New  York  State.  He  was  first  in  Binghamton  to 
erect  a  modern  sky-scraper  office  building,  and  re- 
mains the  only  person  to  assume  the  sole  responsi- 
bility for  such  an  enterprise  in  Binghamton.  The 
Kilmer  Building  erected  as  a  monument  to  Mr. 
Kilmer's  father,  is  one  of  the  finest  of  its  type, 
and  stands  as  a  valuable  utility  and  an  ornamental 
architectural  feature  of  the  city.  Mr.  Kilmer  has 
shown  an  active  philanthropic  spirit,  following  the 
example  of  his  father  and  mother.  He  has  con- 
tributed liberally  to  the  establishment  and  main- 
tenance of  the  City  Hospital,  and  erected  in  Bing- 
hamton one  of  the  best  equipped  pathological 
laboratories  in  the  United  States.  He  makes  large 
contributions  to  charitable  institutions  of  the  city, 
and  gives  strong  financial  support  to  the  Eed  Cross, 
National  and  local  military  and  patriotic  organiza- 
tions. He  is  a  yachtsman  of  international  repute; 
owns  large  country  estates;  breeds  horses,  dogs 
and  fine  cattle;  is  a  crack  tennis  player,  and  an 
enthusiastic  golf  player.  One  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful estates  in  the  South  is  owned  by  him,  "  Remlik 
Hall,"  near  the  mouth  of  the  Rappahannock 
River  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  opposite  Urbana,  Va. 
Many  species  of  blooded  stock  are  raised  there, 
and  wild  game  is  propagated  and  liberated.  He 
owns  a  mountain  shooting  lodge  and  fishing  pre- 
serve at  Sky  Lake,  in  Broome  County,  N.  Y.,  -and 
his  pack  of  hounds  have  won  in  the  national  trials. 
Two  of  the  best  appointed  city  residences  in  Bing- 
hamton are  his.  The  Kilmer  stud  includes  many 
famous  native  and  imported  hunters  and  jumpers, 
besides  a  hundred  thoroughbred  horses;  including 
"  Yellowcrest, "  the  undefeated  champion  stallion 
of  1913-1914-1915  National  Horse  Shows,  in  the 
thoroughbred  class.  Mr.  Kilmer  is  also  owner  of 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


431 


"Sun  Briar,''  winner  of  $60,000  in  stakes  during 
the  season  of  1917,  which  established  "Sun  Briar" 
the  king  of  two-year-olds  in  this  country,  and 
probably  made  him  the  champion  two-year-old  of 
the  world.  ' '  Sun  Briar ' '  is  one  of  a  long  string 
of  thoroughbred  race  horses,  running  under  the 
Kilmer  colors  on  the  eastern  and  western  tracks. 
Mr.  Kilmer  was  vice-president  of  the  People's 
Bank,  Binghamton,  during  1904-1.'!,  succeeding  his 
father  to  the  presidency  in  the  latter  year,  and 
he  is  vice-president  and"  director  of  the  People's 
Trust  Co.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Ger- 
many Mr.  Kilmer  gave  his  yacht  Ecmlik  III  to 
the  United  States  government.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Binghamton  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  holds 
membership  in  the  National  Steeplechase  &  Hunt 
Association;  New  York  Breeders'  Association:  Ma- 
sonic lodge,  chapter  ami  commandery ;  Knights  of 
Pythias;  Independent  Order  of  Odd"  Fellows;  Eed 
Men;  Royal  Northern  Yacht  Club,  Glasgow;  Na- 
tional Beagle  Club;  Long  Island  Kennel  Club; 
American  Foxhound  Club;  Indian  Harbor  Yacht 
Club;  Chippewa  Yacht  Club;  Orchard  Lake  Club; 
Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Kennel  Club;  New  York  Yacht. 
Hardware,  Calumet,  and  Sphinx  clubs,  New  York 
city;  Eemlik  Boat,  Cornell,  Binghamton  Country. 
Binghamton  Automobile,  and  J>ol.son  clubs,  Bing- 
hamton, and  the  Scranton  (Pa.)  Country  Club,  and 
is  president  of  the  University  Club  of  Binghamton. 
He  has  a  wide  acquaintance  throughout  the 
country,  especially  at  such  resorts  of  fashion  as 
Narragausett  Pier,  Saratoga  and  Palm  Beach, 
for  he  has  successfully  combined  big  business  and 
expensive  pleasures,  all  of  which  is  reflected  in  the 
industry  and  ample  recreative  life  of  the  city  he 
has  benefitted  and  made  his  home. 

HTJRD,  Harry  Boyd,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Liv- 
ingston county,  Wis.,  Jan.  8,  1S75,  sou  of  Inscoe 
E.  and  Harriet  Jane  (Andrew)  Kurd.  His  father 
was  a  farmer.  Harry  B.  Kurd  was  graduated  at 
Chicago  College  of  Law  (night  school)  in  1895 
with  the  degree  LL.B.  He  then  became  associated 
with  Max  I'am,  when  the  latter  was  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Moses,  I'am  &  Kennedy,  and  later  of 
Pain  &  Donnelly.  In  1S97  this  firm  was  reorgan- 
ized as  Pain,  Donnelly  &  Gleimon,  and  Harry  B. 
Hurd  was  made  a  partner,  having  been  admitted 
to  the  Illinois  bar  in  that  year,  and  he  continued 
as  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Pam,  Calhoun  &  Glen- 
non,  successors  to  the  old  firm.  Since  1904  he  has 
been  a  partner  of  Max  Pain  in  the  firm  of  Pam 
&  Hurd,  which  engaged  principally  in  corporation 
work,  specializing  in  corporation  law,  public  util- 
ity law,  and  corporate  bond  issue  law.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  bar  associations  and  of  the 
Chicago  Athletic  Club,  Evaustou  Country  and. 
Evanston  Golf  clubs.  He  is  a  Republican,  and 
a  communicant  of  the  Catholic  church.  He  finds 
his  chief  recreation  in  hunting,  fishing  and  garden 
ing.  He  was  married  Dec.  25,  1902,  to  Margaret 
Julia,  daughter  of  August  Frank,  a  merchant,  of 
Sterling,  111.  They  have  two  children:  Harriet 
Margaret  (1903),  and  Anna  Catherine  Hurd 
(1907). 

RANKIN,  William  Finley,  capitalist  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  near  Biggsville,  Henderson 
co.,  111.,  Jan.  1,  1861,  son  of  David  and  Sarah 
(Thompson)  Eankin.  His  father,  president  of  the 
Rankin  Farms,  was  the  founder  and  benefactor  of 
Tarkio  (Mo.)  College  and  was  well-known  through- 
out the  United  Presbyterian  church.  He  had 
always  been  closely  associated  with  his  father,  and 
after  graduating  at  Eastman 's  Business  College, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  in  1880,  became  active  in  his 
stock  shipping  enterprises  and  in  his  private  bank. 


In  1880  the  family  removed  to  the  vicinity  of 
Tarkio,  Mo.,  where  the  elder  Eankin  had  begun 
to  buy  land  in  ]s77  In  time  the  Eaukin  farms  hail 
grown  to  include  soi.ie  20,000  acres  in  the  Tarkio 
district,  and  ranches  in  Iowa,  Nebraska  r.nd  Kan- 
sas— about  .'14  (Mil)  acres  in  all.  The  business  was 
incorporated  as  "The  Eankin  Farms"  in  1907, 
and  upon  the  .loath  of  the  elder  Rankin,  in  1910, 
the  son  succeeded  him  as  president  and  in  the 
management  of  various  other  large  interests.  The 
great  Rankin  grain  and  stock  farms  are  noted  all 
over  the  nation  and  their  fame  has  extended  to 
South  America  and  Europe;  their  annual  business 
amounts  to  millions  of  dollars.  The  electric  and 
water  plants  of  Tarkio  were  founded  by  the  Ran 
kins,  and  until  1917  William  F.  Rankin  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Tarkio  Electric  raid  Water  Co.  At  his 
death  he  was  president  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Tarkio,  and  the  Rankin  Land  and  Loan  Co.; 
vice-president  of  the  St.  Joseph  Life  Insurance  < '".. 
and  a  dominant  factor  in  various  banks  in  St. 
Joseph  and  Kansas  (  ity.  He  was  one  of  twelve 
to  guarantee  the  expenses  of  Tarkio  College  during 
its  first  years,  the  institution  then  being  known 
as  the  Tarkio  Valley  College  and  Normal  Institute. 
He  succeeded  his  father  as  treasurer  and  director 
of  the  college  and  as  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  member 
of  the  finance  committee  of  his  home  congregation. 
The  church  was  written  large  in  his  thoughts  and 
affections.  He  was  a  teacher  in  its  Sunday  school 
and  a  member  of  his  church  Bible  class  until  his 
death.  All  manner  of  missionary  work  interested 
him  ami  had  his  earnest  support.  He  was  a  man 
of  large  calibre,  and  he  possessed  a  splendid  sense 
of  civic  duty.  Exceedingly  loyal  to  Tarkio,  many 
of  the  public  improvements  there  are  a  direct  re- 
sult of  his  siipp-irt  or  agitation.  For  years  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Republican  state  committee,  yet 
practical  politics  had  little  interest  for  him,  and 
be  never  personally  cared  for  office,  although  he 
had  helped  to  elect  many.  He  had  been  mentioned 
as  a  candidate  for  the  U.  S.  senate,  but  he  dis- 
couraged the  use  of  his  name.  His  name  attracted 
the  attention  of  men  at  the  head  of  large  business 
concerns,  and  his  counsels  were  appreciated  by 
them.  He  was  chairman  of  his  county  Council 
of  National  Defense,  and  shortly  before  his  death 
he  was  called  to  Washington  to  confer  with  govern- 
ment officials  in  reference  to  agricultural  matters, 
especially  larger  crop  production.  He  found  MI 
chief  recreation  in  reading  and  traveling.  Mr. 
Eankin  possessed  a  strong  personality  and  a  reso- 
lute will  and  a  heart  that  was  tender  and  sympa- 
thetic. In  business  he  won  a  reputation  for  un- 
impeachable integrity,  honest  and  honorable  deal- 
ings in  every  transaction,  great  or  small.  The 
St.' Joseph  (Mo.)  "Gazette"  said  of  him:  "The 
death  of  William  F.  Eankin  closes  the  splendid 
career  of  a  man  who  was  actually  one  of  Missouri's 
foremost  citizens.  He  not  only  managed  his  own 
great  interests  successfully,  but  found  ample  time 
to  serve  his  community,  his  state  and  his  nation. 
It  is  jiaying  proper  tribute  to  his  worth  and  his 
work  to  say  that  he  was  a  fine  American  gentle- 
man. ' '  He  was  married  at  Monmouth,  111.,  May  12, 
l.vsl,  to  Lizzie,  daughter  of  Jesse  W.  Marshall, 
of  Monmouth,  111.,  who  survived  him,  with  two 
children:  Jesse  D.,  and  Helen,  who  was  married 
to  James  B.  Shaum,  of  Tarkio.  He  died  at 
Tarkio,  Mo.,  Feb.  1,  1918. 

LEVY,  Jefferson  Monroe,  lawyer  and  con- 
gressman, was  born  in  New  York  city,  the  son  of 
Capt.  Jonas  P.  and  Fanny  (Mitchell)  Levy.  The 


432 


THE     NATIONAL,     CYCLOPAEDIA 


family  has  given  distinguished  service  to  its  coun- 
try in  every  wai  since  the  revolution.  His  great- 
grandfather, Benjamin  Levy,  was  a  signer  of  the 
non-importation  act  and  was  one  of  five  appointed 
by  congress  with  power  to  sign  money  during  the 
revolution;  both  his  grandfathers,  Michael  Levy 
and  Jonas  Phillips,  were  officers  in  the  revolu- 
tionary war,  and  an  uncle,  Uriah  P.  Levy,  was  an 
officer  of  the  "Argus"  during  the  war  of  1812, 
which,  escaping  the  blockade,  took  out  William  H. 
<  'rawford  as  minister  to  France,  and  destroyed  in 
the  English  channel  twenty-one  vessels.  Commo- 
dore Levy  became  the  owner  of  ''Monticello,"  the 
home  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  whom  he  was  a 
great  admirer.  This  estate,  valued  at  $1,000,000, 
was  confiscated  by  the  Confederate  government 
during  the  civil  war  because  its  owner  was  one  of 
the  first  naval  officers  to  offer  his  services  to  Pres. 
Lincoln,  and  was  also  the  first  to  subscribe  to  the 
government  bonds  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 
"Montieello"  was  inherited  by  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Capt.  Jonas  P.  Levy,  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, commanded  the  U.  S.  S.  "America"  during 
.the  Mexican  war.  Jefferson  M.  Levy  received  his 
education  at  the  public  schools  of  New  York,  and 
began  the  study  of  law  under  the  late  Clarkson  N. 
Potter  and  entering  the  New  York  University  was 
graduated  LL.B.  in  1S73.  One  of  his  famous 
cases  was  the  James  B.  Taylor  will  case,  in  which 
he  was  opposed  by  several  of  the  most  eminent 
legal  lights  of  the  day.  The  result  of  his  success 
in  this  case  was  a  legislative  investigation  of  the 
surrogate's  court  practice  which  permitted  ex- 
orbitant legal  fees  and  much  needed  reform.  In 
recent  years  Mr.  Levy  has  devoted  much  of  hia 
time  to  real  estate  law  and  has  frequently  acted 
in  the  capacity  of  arbitrator  in  disputed  realty 
cases.  In  1898  he  was  elected  to  the  56th 
congress  from  the  13th  district  of  New  York, 
which  was  nominally  Republican,  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  by  about  7,UOO  majority.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  62d  and  the  63rd  congress.  Ho 
became  the  leader  of  the  Hold  Democrats  and  made 
a  widely  quoted  speech  advocating  the  main- 
tenance of  the  standard  of  values  and  the  parity 
of  all  forms  of  money  issued  or  coined  by  the 
Tinted  States.  Among  other  notable  speeches  de- 
livered by  him  in  this  congress  may  be  mentioned: 
on  investigation  of  the  secretary  of  treasury;  on 
repeal  of  war  tax;  on  the  reduction  of  war  tax 
and  on  bill  for  fixing  and  defining  the  rank  of 
officers  in  the  revenue  cutter  service.  He  offered 
resolutions  for  repayment  of  money  expended  by 
the  United  States  government  in  behalf  of  the 
island  of  Cuba  and  to  grant  a  permit  to  the  Com- 
mercial Cable  Co.  of  Cuba  to  lay  and  operate  a 
submarine  cable,  and  introduced  a  bill  to  provide 
for  international  notes.  Mr.  Levy  was  the  author 
of  the  Federal  Reserve  B,ank  bill,  first  introduced 
in  the  62d  Congress  and  finally  passed  in  the  63rd. 
He  also  secured  the  passage  of  the  so-called  shark 
bill,  to  regulate  interest  on  loans  and  prevent  ex- 
tortion. While  this  was  applicable  only  to  the 
District  of  Columbia,  it  was  from  this  that  leg- 
islation was  modeled  and  similar  bills  passed 
subsequently  in  all  the  states.  Mr.  Levy  repre- 
sents the  highest  type  of  a  public  official.  He  is 
a  man  of  intense  patriotism  and  keeps  "Monti- 
cello"  open  to  the  public  the  year  round,  at  a.  per- 
sonal expense  of  between  $30,000  and  $40,000,  a 
year,  believing  that  visits  to  this  historic  home  in- 
spire patriotism  and  inspiration  in  the  minds  and 
hearts  of  the  people.  Possessed  of  a  fine  legal 
and  analytical  mind,  he  has  for  years  been  a  close 
student  of  public  affairs.  His  public  speeches  and 


his  work  in  congress  revealed  an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  the  many  phases  of  the  financial, 
commercial  and  industrial  conditions  and  needs  of 
the  different  sections  of  the  country.  His  elo- 
quence, force  and  ability  together  with  his  high 
character  have  made  him  one  of  the  foremost  pub- 
lic figures  in  New  York,  upon  whom  the  highest 
honors  can  be  bestowed  with  the  absolute  assur- 
ance that  they  will  be  borne  with  credit  and  dis- 
tinction. He  is  the  only  private  citizen  to  be  hon- 
ored as  the  host  of  the  president,  the  president 's 
cabinet  and  the  United  States  senate  in  a  body, 
when  he  entertained  this  distinguished  gathering 
at  "Mouticello"  during  Cleveland's  administration. 
In  1895  he  presented  to  the  city  of  New  York  the 
colossal  bronze  statue  of  Washington  by  David, 
which  stands  in  the  city  hall  and  a  little  later  he 
presented  a  rejdica  of  this  statue  to  the  city  of 
Anjers,  France,  the  home  of  the  distinguished 
sculptor  of  the  statue.  He  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Republic  of  France  and  was  presented  with  a 
pair  of  beautiful  Sevres  vases,  given  a  public  din- 
ner and  reception  by  Anjers,  and  was  the  guest  of 
the  city  for  two  days,  with  40,000  troops  in  atten- 
dance. He  organized  the  Democratic  Club  of  New 
York  in  1868  and  raised  $150,000  for  the  purchase 
of  its  property  now  valued  at  $700,000  and  was 
its  first  vice-president.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  Sons  of  American  Rev- 
olution, War  of  1S12,  Naval  Order  of  United 
States  (one  of  its  organizers)  and  of  the  New 
York  Yacht,  Manhattan,  Automobile  Club  of 
America,  Meadow  Creek,  Country,  Sundown  Park 
and  Keswiek  Hunt  clubs. 

DUNGAN,  Thomas  Corwin,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Belmuut  county,  O.,  Apr.  3,  1840,  son 
of  Benjamin  Ellis  and  Sarah  Scantlebury  (Fox) 
Dungan,  and  of  distinguished  Irish  descent.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Wil- 
liam Dungan,  who  came  from  London  in  the 
17th  century  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  From 
him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Thomas,  first  governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
his  wife  Elizabeth  Weaver;  their  son  William 
and  his  wife  Deborah  Wing;  their  son  Thomas 
and  his  wife  Esther  Evans;  their  son  Abel  and 
his  wife  Gainor,  and  their  son  Benjamin  and 
his  wife  Mary  Lukens,  who  were  the  grand- 
parents of  our  subject.  On  the  maternal  side 
he  was  a  grandson  of  Josiah  Fox,  supervisor  of 
the  U.  S.  Navy,  who  drafted  the  designs  for 
the  celebrated  frigate  Constitution  and  for  the 
equally  noted  warships  Wasp,  Hornet,  United 
States,  and  Constellation.  Thomas  C.  Dungan 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
St.  Clairsville,  0.,  and  at  Vermilion  Institute. 
Arriving  at  maturity  he  engaged  in  teaching 
for  two  years,  and  during  that  period  read  law. 
In  1864  'he  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  170th  Ohio  Vol. 
Inf.,  which  was  attached  to  the  6th  army 
corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  with  that 
command  he  served  in  and  about  Washington 
and  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  including  the 
battle  of  Winchester,  under  Gens.  Sigel,  Crook 
and  Sheridan ;  he  was  mustered  out  as  sergeant 
at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  late  in  1864.  He  then 
resumed  the  study  of  law,  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  Judge  William  S.  Kennon,  at  St. 
Clairsville;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio 
in  1^66,  and  the  same  year  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Oregon,  Mo.,  forming  a 
partnership  with  William  R.  Kelly,  as  Kelly  & 
Dungan.  He  met  with  unique  success  and 
soon  became  the  leading  attorney  at  the  Holt 
county  bar.  In  1868  he  was  made  city  attorney 


'/ /(9  S-ti 


OF     AMEEICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


433 


of  Oregon,  and  in  1873  was  elected  circuit 
attorney  of  the  29th  judicial  district,  embracing 
the  counties  of  Holt,  Atchison,  Andrew  and 
Xodaway.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was 
I'lei-ted  prosecuting  attorney,  which  position  he 
held  two  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Missouri 
state  senate  in  1880;  was  a  member  of  important 
committees,  and  a  dominant  factor  in  writing 
several  laws  of  importance  upon  the  statutes 
of  his  adopted  state.  Aside  from  his  legal 
..rtivities  he  dealt  largely  in  real  estate,  owning 
approximately  6,000  acres  of  land  in  Holt 
county,  and  he  made  the  first  set  of  abstract 
books  in  the  county.  He  also  owned  much  farm 
land  throughout  Kansas  and  Wisconsin.  He  con- 
tinued actively  in  practice  until  1915.  At  his 
death  he  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  county 
central  committee,  and  a  member  of  the  Repub- 
lican state  central  committee.  He  had  repre- 
sented his  district  in  a  number  of  Republican 
national  conventions.  He  was  a  32d  degree 
Mason  and  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  brilliant  and  suc- 
cessful, and  rigidly  adhered  to  the  ethics  of  his 
profession.  His  loyalty  and  devotion  to  his  cli- 
ents was  proverbial,  and  his  frankness  in  coun- 
seling with  them  much  admired.  His  quick-sight- 
ed instinct  discovered  flaws  quickly,  and  in  con- 
demning sham  and  hypocrisy  his  word  was  rapid 
and  decisive.  He  was  married  May  13,  1879,  to 
Fannie  I.,  daughter  of  Hamiibal  Soper,  a  land- 
owner of  Oregon,  Mo.  She  survives  him,  with 
three  children:  Stella  Frances,  wife  of  Charles 
Zachman,  of  near  Oregon;  Edith  Lucile,  wife  of 
George  C.  Kaucher,  Memphis,  Tenn. ;  and  Hor- 
tense  Corwin,  wife  of  Will  L.  Moore  of  Oregon. 
He  died  at  Oregon,  Mo.,  Jan.  3,  1916. 

CRYER,  Matthew  Henry,  oral  surgeon,  was 
bora  in  Manchester,  England,  July  11,  1840,  son 
of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Cryer.  Upon  the  death 
of  his  father  in  1*49,  the  remainder  of  the  family 
came  to  the  United  States,  settling  in  Knox  county, 
O.  Dr.  Oryer  was  educated  in  England  and  Ohio, 
and  in  October,  1S61,  joined  his  brother's  company 
in  the  6th  Ohio  cavalry,  taking  part  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  1862  in  the  Shenandoah  and  Luray  val- 
leys, and  serving  at  Culpepper,  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  Manassas  and  Chantilly.  He  was  commis- 
sioned first  lieutenant  in  December,  1863,  and  com- 
manded the  cavalry  advance  across  Rowanta  creek, 
on  Oct.  27,  1864,  capturing  a  Confederate  officer  in 
charge  of  the  signal  corps  with  a  complete  signal- 
ling outfit.  On  Oct.  31,  1864,  he  was  appointed 
ordnance  officer  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  C.  H.  Smith, 
serving  until  Nov.  18,  when  he  became  a  captain  in 
the  6th  Ohio  volunteer  cavalry.  He  accompanied 
his  regiment  throughout  the  Appomattox  campaign, 
and  opened  the  iast  fight  between  Gens.  Grant 
and  Lee,  Apr.  9,  1865,  after  having  been  promoted 
major  on  the  previous  day.  He  was  engaged  in 
raising  live  stock  from  1865  until  1S74,  when  h8 
matriculated  at  the  Philadelphia  Dental  College 
and  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  D.D.S. 
in  1876.  Meanwhile  he  took  a  course  in.  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  in 
1877.  He  began  the  practice  of  dentistry  and 
oral  surgery  in  Philadelphia  and  attained  a  prom- 
inent place  in  the  profession.  For  nine  years 
(18S7-96)  he  was  chief  of  the  surgical  clinic 
at  the  Philadelphia  Dental  College,  and  in  1896 
became  professor  of  oral  surgery  iii  the  dental 
department  of  the  University  o'f  Pennsylvania. 
Dr.  Cryer  made  several  valuable  researches,  es- 
pecially regarding  the  bony  anatomy  of  the  head, 


and  is  the  author  of  "Internal  Anatomy  of  the 
Face"  (.1901.)  and  "Internal  Stereoscopic  Anat- 
omy of  the  Head  and  Face"  (T.»i'.<),  the  former 
having  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  by  a  large 
number  of  the  dental  colleges  of  the  United 
States,  and  being  also  used  by  the  general  sur- 
geon and  rhinologist.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association;  the  Academy  of 
Stomatology  (president  1898)  ;  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science;  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  G.  A.  R. ;  and  the 
Union  League  Club  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
married  June  17,  1889,  to  Martha  Gates,  daugh- 
ter of  Horatio  Gates  Phillips  of  New  York,  and 
lias  one  child,  a  daughter,  Elizabeth  M.  Cryer. 

EVEREST,  Hiram  Bond,  manufacturer,  waa 
born  in  Pike,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  11,  1830, 
son  of  Joseph  and  Esther  (Robertson)  Everest. 
His  first  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Andrew 
Everest,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  York, 
Me.,  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century; 
from  him  the  line  of  descent  is  traced  through  his 
son  Isaac;  his  sou  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Jones;  their  son  Jared  and  his  wife  Mary  Marvin; 
anil  their  son  Benjamin  and  his  wife  Betsey  Axtell, 
who  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  tbif 
sketch.  His  grandfather.  Benjamin  Everest,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war,  who  died  from  the 
effects  of  exposure  two  months  after  its  close.  In 
1831  Hiram  Bond  Everest  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Wyoming  village  where  he  received  his  prelimi- 
nary education,  being  graduated  at  the  Middlebuiy 
academy  in  1847.  In  1849  he  went  to  Portage, 
Wis.,  where  he  taught  school  for  one  year  and  sub- 
sequently established  a  nursery  business  upon  a 
half  section  of  government  land.  He  removed  to 
Newburg,  O.,  in  1857,  and  in  1865  returned  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  became  associated  with 
Matthew  P.  Ewing,  a  small  manufacturer  of  kero- 
sene oil,  for  the  purpose  of  experimenting  with  the 
distilled  products  of  petroleum  in  order  that  they 
might  be  purified  without  the  use  of  chemicals. 
These  experiments  were  made  by  using  a  model 
vacuum  still,  whereby  the  distillates  were  removed 
by  low  temperatures,  and  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of  an  unburned  residual  heavy  oil,  which  product 
was  patented  under  the  name  of  vacuum  oil,  the 
patent  being  conveyed  in  1866  to  the  Vaeuium  Oil 
Co.,  which  he  founded  that  year  in  Rochester. 
Soon  thereafter  Mr.  Everest  purchased  his  part- 
ner 's  interest  and  conducted  the  business  alone. 
The  new  oil,  first  known  as  ' '  Ewing 's  Patent 
Vacuum  Oil, ' '  was  sold  to  curriers  in  and  about 
Boston,  being  a  marked  improvement  over  the  pre- 
vious oils  used  for  dressing  leather.  One  depart- 
ment of  the  company's  business  at  the  present  day 
is  supplying  vacuum  oil  to  the  leather  industry. 
It  was  also  largely  used  for  lubricating  purposes, 
and  grew  steadily  in  popularity  and  favor  until  it 
is  now  (1920)  sold  in  every  part  of  the  world.  7ii 
187S  he  returned  to  Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.,  where, 
as  president  of  the  Vacuum  Oil  Co.,  he  leased 
10,000  acres  of  land  in  the  Oatka  valley  with  a  view 
to  developing  it  r.s  an  oil  property.  He  drilled  a 
test  well  on  his  father  's  old  farm,  but  instead  of 
finding  petroleum  he  discovered  a  stratum  of  rock 
salt,  seventy  feet  thick,  at  a  depth  of  about  1,300 
feet.  It  later  developed  that  this  deposit  of  salt 
extended  over  a  large  area  and  the  salt  industry  of 
\\Y-t<'rn  New  York  has  now  grown  to  immense  pro- 
portions. The  first  sixty-five  pounds  of  salt  manu- 
factured in  this  region  were  made  under  Mr.  Ever- 
est's supervision  in  1879.  In  the  latter  year  he 
relinquished  his  active  interest  in  the  Vacuum  Oil 
Co.  and  the  management  fell  to  his  son,  Charles 


434 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


Marvin  Everest,  who  subsequently  became  its  presi- 
dent. He  then  removed  to  Denver,  Colo.,  and  sub- 
sequently to  California.  While  in  Denver  he  pur- 
chased 120  lots  and  built  several  fine  dwellings.  In 
1-M  he  acquired  100  acres  of  orange  lands  in 
Kiverside,  Ca).,  on  which  he  planted  10,000  trees, 
and  he  was  the  first  man  to  build  a  smudge  in  his 
grove,  thus  reducing  the  danger  of  frost.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Republican,  and  his  religious  affiliations 
were  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  His 
favorite  recreation  was  travel.  Mr.  Everest  pos- 
sessed an  indomitable  will,  combined  with  high 
ideals  of  business  honor,  and  was  essentially  n  man 
of  iiTepn>:ic-liable  private  life.  He  was  married 
.Inn.  1,  l*r>2,  to  Mercy  Eleanor,  daughter  of  David 
Everest,  of  Pike,  N.  T.,  and  they  had  four  chil- 
dren: diaries  M.,  later  president  of  the  Vacuum 
Oil  Co.;  Eleanor  A.;  Arthur  .1.,  of  Monrovia,  C:il.; 
nnd  Carrie  Esther,  wife  of  .lames  C.  Clements,  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
Mar.  5.  1013. 

ANDERS,    James    Meschter,    physician,    was 
born   at    Fairview   Village,   Montgomery   CO.,   Pa., 
July  22,  1854,  son  of  Samuel  Drescher  and  Chris- 
tina  (Meschter)   Anders,  of  German  descent.     He 
was   educated   in   the   academic    department   of   a 
theological    seminary   under    the    auspices    of    the 
Meimonite   church   at  Wadsworth,  O.,  and  at  the 
Wadsworth     (O.)     Academy.      He    taught    school 
while  pursuing  his  studies.   In  1875  he  entered  the 
I'niversity  of  Pennsylvania  to  study  medicine  and 
the   natural  sciences  and  received  the  degrees  of 
M.O.  and  Ph.D.     While  at  the  university  he  was 
one  of  the  twelve  students  who  composed  the  "Al- 
fred Stille  Medical  Society,"  the  first  of  its  kind 
in    Philadelphia.      After    taking    a    post-graduate 
for  two  months  at  the  university  and  Philadelphia 
General  Hospital  he  became  resident  physician  at 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Hospital  of  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  for  sixteen  months.     He  then 
established    himself    in    independent    practice    in 
Philadelphia  and  has  since  won  a  high  reputation, 
both  as  a  practicing  physician  and  as  a  scientist. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  visiting  staffs  of  the 
Protestant    Episcopal    Hospital,    the    Philadelphia 
Hospital,  St.  Christopher's  Hospital  and  the  Stet- 
son Hospital,  and  is  at  present  visiting  physician 
to  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Hospital  and  consulting 
physician  to  the  Widener  Home  for  Crippled  Chil- 
dren, the  Jewish   Hospital,  and  the   Hospital   for 
the  Insane  of  the  South  Eastern  District  of  Penn- 
sylvania at  Norristown,  Pa.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  advisory  board  of  Philadelphia  under  Mayor 
Warwick  in   1898  and  a  member  of  the  advisory 
board  of  directors  of  public  health  and  charities 
under  Drs.  W.  M.  L.  Coplin  and  Edward  Martin. 
His  place   in   the   medical  profession  is  a   distin- 
guished one,  and  his  professional  reputation  is  in- 
ternational.    From  the  beginning  of  his  medical 
studies  and  for  about  ten  years  following  his  grad- 
uation he  gave  much  time  to  the  study  of  natural 
history  in  its  relation  to  hygiene  and  meteorology. 
These  investigations  led  to  a  number  of  valuable 
and  interesting  discoveries,  among  them  the  fact 
that  flowering  plants  and  particularly  odoriferous 
species  are  natural  generators  of  ozone.     Dr.  An- 
ders has  also  been  the  first  to  demonstrate  the  ac- 
tivity and  importance  of  the  function  of  transpira- 
tion in  plant  life.    First  in  Philadelphia  and  later 
at  Nanheim,  Homburg  in  der  Hohe,  Carlsbad  and 
the  universities  of   Marburg  and   Berlin,   he  pur- 
sued studies   in  practical   and  scientific   medicine. 
He  is  an  officer  de  1  'Instruction  Publique,  ex-presi- 
dent of  the  American  Society  of  Tropical   Medi- 
cine, the  Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society,  the 


Me. Heal  Club  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  American 
Climatological  Association.  He  was  vice-president 
of  Section  II  and  member  of  the  central  executive 
committee  of  the  7th  international  congress  on  tu- 
berculosis held  iu  Washington  in  1909.  He  is  a 
life  member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia;  honorary  member  of  the  Academy 
of  Medicine,  Cleveland,  O.,  and  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society,  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  the  Pan-American  Medi- 
cal Congress,  the  American  Climatological  Associa 
tion,  the  College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  the 
Pathological  Society  of  Philadelphia,  the  Ameri- 
can Society  of  Tropical  Medicine,  the  Pennsylvania 
Forestry  Association,  the  City  Park  Association 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  Union  League  and  Phil- 
adelphia Country  clubs  of  Philadelphia.  Dr. 
Anders  was  married  to  Margaret  Gertrude, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Heck  Wenderlich,  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

EIGHTER,  Thomas  McNair,  coal  operator, 
financier  and  mining  engineer,  was  born  in  Ber- 
wick, Pa.,  Jan.  12,  1847,  son  of  William  Wilson 
and  Jane  (McNair)  Righter.  He  was  descended 
from  the  family  of  Righters,  who  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  lower  Merion  township,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  Pa.,  and  his  ancestors  on  the  paternal, 
as  well  as  the  maternal  side,  fought  on  the  patriot 
side  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  His  father,  a  physi- 
i-ian,  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Phila.,  with  the  class  of  1S38.  When  Thomas 
Mi'Xair  Righter  was  a  child  the  family  moved 
to  Mauch  Chunk,  I'a.,  where  he  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  en- 
deavored to  enlist  in  the  Federal  army,  but  was 
rejected  because  of  his  youth.  He  was,  however, 
given  a  position  as  railway  mail  clerk,  taking  the 
place  of  a  man  who  entered  the  military  service. 
The  young  man 's  industry  and  intelligence  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  the  late  Judge  John 
Leisenring,  who  offered  him  a  place  in  the  en- 
gineer corps  engaged  in  laying  out  the  Jersey 
Central  lines  from  Mauch  Chunk  to  Wilkes-Barre. 
He  made  a  close  study  of  surveying  and  later  be- 
came a  mining  engineer  at  Upper  Lehigh,  a  work 
for  which  he  was  naturally  adapted.  His  great 
skill  in  the  mining  field  soon  became  apparent, 
am]  he  was  made  superintendent  of  the  Sandy  Run 
Coal  Co.,  operated  by  M.  S.  Kemmerer  &  Co.  In 
1X>-1  Mr.  Righter  and  E.  B.  Leisenring  purchased 
an  interest  in  the  Montelius-Hayden  collierv  at 
Mount  t'armel,  and  in  the  same  year  he  became  a 
resident  of  that  community.  Two  years  later  Al- 
fred Montelius  died,  and"  Mr.  Righter  and  Mr. 
Leisenring  became  the  owners  of  the  old  Montelius 
colliery,  operating  it  under  the  name  of  Thomas 
M.  Righter  &  Co.,  until  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Coal  Co.  Mr.  Righter  took 
an  active  interest  in  Mount  Carmel  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  various  public  service  in- 
stitutions that  have  made  Mount  Carmel  an  at- 
tractive city.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  Mount  Carmel  Water  Co.  and  was  its  presi- 
dent at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  assisted  in 
founding  the  Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Co.  and 
continued  as  one  of  its  directors  until  the  corpora- 
tion passed  from  local  control.  A  leader  in  the 
movement  to  organize  the  Union  National  Bank, 
he  was  made  president  of  its  board  of  directors 
and  held  the  office  until  his  death.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  Shamokin-Mount  Carmel  Transit 
Co.,  helped  to  build  the  trolley  road,  and  laid 
out  the  line  extending  from  Centralia  to  Ashland. 
Mr.  Righter 's  activities  extended  throughout  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania  and  into  West  Virginia,  and 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


4:!5 


he  assisted  in  founding  and  guiding  many  sub- 
stantial enterprises.  He  was  a  partner  in,  ami  gen- 
eral manager  of,  the  Oak  Hill  Coal  Co.  of  Duncott, 
and  was  a  director  of  the  Mid-valley  Coal  Co.,  and 
the  Mount  Jessup  Coal  Co.,  of  Seranton.  While 
he  was  a  recognized  authority  in  anthracite  coal 
mining,  he  invested  heavily  in  bituminous  mines> 
and  was  president  of  the  Jewel  Ridge  Coal  Co.,  of 
Tazewell,  Va.,  and  of  the  Pocahontas  Coal  corpora- 
tion, owning  20,000  acres  of  valuable  coal  lands 
in  Virginia  and  West  Virginia.  He  was  also  a 
director  of  the  E.  E.  White  Coal  Co.,  of  Glen 
White,  W.  Va.,  of  the  Whitehall  Cement  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  Cementon,  Pa.,  and  of  the  Clear 
Springs  Water  Co.,  of  Catasauqua,  Pa.  He-  was 
a  charter  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Mount  Carmel  and  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  For  nine  years,  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  board  of  education,  being  its  president  for 
eight  years  and  a  member  also  of  the  war  coun- 
cil of 'the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  In  1889  Gov.  Beaver  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Hos- 
pital for  Injured  Persons,  at  Fountain  Springs, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  president  of 
the  board.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He 
was  past  master  of  Hnzelton  Lodge  No.  327,  F.  & 
A.  M.;  member  of  Hazelton  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.; 
past  commander  of  Mauch  Chunk  Commandery 
No.  2.'!,  Knights  Templar;  member  of  the  Fra- 
ternity Club,  Mount  Carmel;  charter  member  of 
the  Fountain  Springs  Country  Club;  member  of 
the  Mount  Carmel  Motor  Club;  Union  League,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  American  Institute  of  Min- 
ing Engineers.  He  was  also  a  charter  member  of 
the  Mount  Carmel  Chapter  of  the  American  Red 
Cross.  He  was  married:  (1)  Oct.  2X,  1875,  to 
Gertrude  Hannah,  daughter  of  Walter  Leisenring 
of  Upper  Lehigh,  Pa.  Two  children  were  born  of 
this  union;  Walter  Leisenring,  Plainfield,  N.  .1., 
member  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange;  and 
Jane  Righter;  Mrs.  Righter  died  August  5,  1901, 
and  he  was  married  (2)  Sept.  27,  1905,  to  Eenee, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Stuart  Mitchell,  D.D.,  pastor  for 
many  years  of  the  Mt.  Carmel  Presbyterian  Church. 
There  are  four  children  of  this  marriage:  Thomas 
M.,  Jr.;  Margaret  Mitchell,  Constance  Rulison,  and 
Gertrude  Righter.  He  died  in  Mount  Carmel,  Pa., 
July  12,  1918. 

MORRISSON.  Mary  Foulke,  (Mrs.  James 
William  Morrisson),  humanitarian  and  political 
economist,  was  born  at  Richmond,  Ind.,  Nov.  14, 
1879,  daughter  of  William  Dudley  (q.v.)  and 
Mary  Taylor  (Reeves)  Foulke.  Her  earliest 
paternal  American  ancestor  was  Edward  Foulke, 
a  native  of  Coed-y-t'cn'l,  Rhiwlas,  Marionethshire, 
who  came  from  Wales  in  169S  and  settled  in  Gwyn- 
edd  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  From  him 
and  his  wife  Eleanor  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
through  their  son  Thomas  and  his  wife  Gweu; 
their  son  Edward  and  his  wife  Margaret ;  their 
son  Hugh  and  his  wife  Ann;  their  son  Joseph  and 
his  wife  Elizabeth,  to  their  son  Thomas  Foulke 
and  his  wife  Hannah  Shoemaker,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Mary  Foulke  Morrisson.  Joseph 
Foulke  (V)  was  a  minister  in  the  Society  of 
Friends,  as  was  Thomas  Foulke  (VI),  who  for  a 
long  time  was  principal  of  Grammar  School  No. 
45,  New  York  city,  then  the  largest  in  Manhat- 
tan, and  he  was  afterwards  principal  of  Friends' 
Seminary,  Rutherford  Place,  New  York  city. 
William  Dudley  Foulke,  father  of  the  subject,  was 
born  in  Rivington  street,  New  York  city,  and 
educated  at  Columbia  College  and  Columbia  Law 
School.  He  became  a  celebrated  member  of  the 
Indiana  bar,  member  of  the  Indiana  senate,  mem- 


ber U.  S.  civil  service  commission,  editor  of  a 
Richmond  (Ind.)  newspaper,  chairman  of  the  suf- 
frage congress  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, president  of  the  American  Woman  's  Suffrage 
Association  up  to  1890,  conducted  several  examina- 
tions of  the  civil  service  as  chairman  of  the  special 
committee  of  the  National  Civil  Service  Reform 
League,  was  president  of  the  National  Municipal 
League,  and  member  of  the  platform  committee  of 
the  Progressive  party  at  the  1912  convention.  He 
is  author  of  numerous  books  and  a  contributor  to 
magazines  on  historical  and  other  subjects.  Mary 
Foulke  Morrkson  was  graduated  at  Bryn  Mawr 
College  in  1899  with  the  degree  A.B.  During 
1905-09  she  was  chairman  of  the  Woman's  League 
for  Civic  Betterment,  Richmond,  Ind.  This  or- 
ganization conducted  a  very  active  campaign 
among  the  women  and  helped  materially  in  the 
defeat  of  a  disreputable  machine  candidate  for 
mayor.  In  1910  she  became  a  resident  of  Chicago. 
She  was  secretary  of  the  Lower  North  Council  of 
United  Charities,  Chicago,  during  1911-12,  and 
chairman  of  the  Woman 's  Civic  League,  21st 
ward,  Chicago,  during  1912-13.  She  organized  the 
women  of  this  ward  after  the  passage  of  the  suf- 
frage act,  making  a  house  to  house  canvass,  and 
she  subsequently  organized  training  classes  for 
new  voters.  She  was  recording  secretary  of  the 
Illinois  Suffrage  Association  during  1912-13;  sec- 
retary of  the  Chicago  Equal  Suffrage  Association 
during  1912-15,  and  president  of  that  body  from 
1915  to  1919.  She  assisted  in  the  passage  of 
the  suffrage  bill  in  Illinois,  and  during  her  presi- 
dency the  Chicago  Association  has  raised  much 
money  for  national  suffrage  work  and  supports 
the  municipal  citizenship  committee  of  the 
Women 's  City  Club,  which  does  important  educa- 
tional work  among  women  voters.  During  1915-16 
she  was  recording  secretary  of  the  National  Ameri- 
can Woman  Suffrage  Association.  She  had  much 
to  do  with  the  work  to  secure  a  plank  for  suffrage 
in  the  Republican  party  platform;  assisted  in  or- 
ganizing the  parade  held  at  that  time,  and  raised 
the  money  to  finance  it.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
executive  council,  Illinois  division,  Women's  Coun- 
cil of  National  Defense,  and  she  is  widely  known 
as  a  speaker  for  suffrage,  for  the  Liberty  Loan, 
and  for  the  Council  of  Defense.  She  holds  mem- 
bership also  in  the  Women's  City,  Friday,  Fort- 
nightly, Casino  and  Bryn  Mawr  clubs,  Chicago. 
She  finds  her  chief  recreation  in  farming  and 
camping.  She  married  at  Richmond.  Ind.,  Feb.  7, 
190(1,  James  William  Morrisson,  president  Foiller- 
Morrisson  Co.,  wholesale  druggists,  and  son  of 
Robert  Morrisson,  a  wholesale  druggist  of  Chicago ; 
they  have  five  children;  Robert,  Foulke,  Rosemary, 
Reeves  and  James  Lord  Morrisson.  (Portrait 
opposite  p.  4:',i;). 

DUNK,  Edith  Watkins,  reformer  and  domes- 
tic scientist,  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  3, 
1876,  daughter  of  Gilbert  A.  and  Phoebe  (Crooks) 
Watkins.  Her  first  American  ancestor  on  the 
paternal  side  was  Thomas  Watkins,  who  lived  in 
Boston  in  1652,  the  line  being  traced  through  his 
sun  John,  who  married  Mary  Russell;  their  son 
Daniel,  who  married  Thankful  Watkius;  their  son 
Nathan,  who  married  "Sarah  Watkins;  their  son, 
Mark;  his  son  Andrew,  who  was  the  grandfather  of 
Mrs.  Dunk.  On  the  maternal  side  she  traces  her 
ancestry  back  to  John  Alden  and  Priscilla  Mul- 
lins.  Three  of  her  ancestors  fought  in  the  rev- 
olutionary war,  and  she  holds  the  original  com- 
mission given  by  John  Hancock,  in  1775,  con- 
ferring upon  Nathan  Watkins  ths  rank  of  captain. 
Her  father  fought  for  four  years  in  the  civil  war, 


436 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


holding  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  After  leaving 
high  school  Miss  Wntkins  attended  Lasell  Semi- 
nary, Auburndale,  Mass.,  and  Wells  College,  Aurora, 
N.  Y.,  being  graduated  A.B.  at  the  latter  in  1898. 
In  1899-1900  she  was  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek 
at  the  Wells  Preparatory  School  in  Aurora,  N.  Y. 
After  her  marriage  in  1901  Mrs.  Dunk  became 
interested  in  scientific  housekeeping.  In  I'.MIL'  she 
held  the  chairmanship  of  the  Home  Economics  de- 
partment of  the  Detroit  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  and  organized  the  Detroit  Housewives 
League,  of  which  she  was  president  and  state 
chairman  for  three  years.  This  organization, 
which  attained  a  membership  of  2,500  women,  aid 
splendid  pioneer  work  in  campaigning  for  pure 
foods  and  fair  prices.  Mrs.  Dunk  gave  liberally 
of  her  time,  influence  and  money  to  bring  about 
reforms  which  are  now  regarded  as  necessities  in 
the  handling  and  distribution  of  food  products. 
In  1912  she  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Ferris  state 
deputy  food  inspector,  being  the  first  woman  in 
Michigan  and  one  of  the  first  in  the  United 
States  to  hold  such  a  position.  Mrs.  Dunk  was 
president  for  two  years  (1916-18)  of  the  Political 
and  Civic  League,  an  organization  which  intro- 
duced ' '  safety  first ' '  propaganda  in  Detroit,  and 
sponsored  the  mothers'  compensation  bill  in  Michi- 
gan, which  gives  state  help  to  thousands  of  mothers 
who  are  unable  to  provide  for  their  young  chil- 
dren. At  various  times  Mrs.  Dunk  has  held  office 
in  many  state  and  city  organizations.  She  has 
always  been  a  firm  believer  in  woman  suffrage,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution,  the  Mount  Vernon  Society,  the  College 
Club  and  the  Twentieth  Century  Club.  She  was 
married  Mar.  7,  1901,  to  Alfred  Owen  Dunk,  presi- 
dent of  the  Puritan  Machine  Co.  of  Detroit,  and 
has  two  children:  Dorothy  Watkins  and  Alfred 
Watkins  Dunk. 

EDWARDS,  Edith,  volunteer  social  service 
worker,  was  born  at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  July  20, 
1873,  daughter  of  Daniel  Mann  (q.v.)  and  Laura 
(Ballou)  Edwards.  She  received  her  preliminary 
education  at  Miss  Abbott 's  school,  Providence,  and 
in  Boston,  at  the  convent  of  Marie-Auxiliatriee,  and 
Lycee  Eaeine,  Paris,  and  at  the  Baldwin  School, 
Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.  She  was  graduated  at  Bryn 
Mawr  College  in  1901  with  the  degree  A.B.,  and 
during  the  following  year  was  a  graduate  student 
in  Komanoe  languages  at  that  institution.  She 
has  since  been  an  influential  factor  in  the  social, 
intellectual  and  ethical  life  of  her  native  city  and 
state.  During  1902-08  she  was  chairman  of  the 
social  service  section  of  the  Woonsoeket  Fort- 
nightly Club,  in  which  period  public  park  develop- 
ment and  anti-tuberculosis  reform  work  were  initi- 
ated in  Woonsocket,  and  she  was  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  club  during  190(3-08.  Since  the 
latter  year  she  has  been  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  awards  in  the  prize  garden  contest  of  the 
Manville  Co.,  Woonsocket.  She  has  long  been 
connected  with  the  Federal  Hill  House  Associa- 
tion (Italian  social  settlement),  Providence.  In 
1915  she  was  chairman  of  the  school  committee 
and  member  of  the  central  committee  of  the 
Rhode  Island  nation-wide  fcftiby-week  campaign. 
In  1917  she  served  on  the  Woonsocket  Zone 
Committee  in  the  $1,000,000  Camp  Library  Cam- 
paign and  became  chairman  of  a  permanent 
committee  serving  the  interests  of  the  ' '  Franco- 
American  Committee  for  the  Protection  of  the 
Children  of  the  Frontier ' '  in  the  state  of 
Rnode  Island.  In  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution  she  is  past  secretary  of  the  Woon- 
socket chapter,  and  past  recording  secretary  (1908- 


10)  and  past  state  secretary  (1910-12)  of  the 
K'lmde  Island  chapter,  while  she  was  delegate  to 
the  continental  congresses  of  the  national  society 
in  Washington  in  190S,  1910  and  1912.  She  was 
state  director  for  Rhode  Island  of  the  Children  of 
the  American  Revolution  (1908-14),  ami  past  presi- 
dent of  a  local  society  of  that  organization.  She 
hulds  membership  also  in  the  Daughters  of  1812, 
Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants,  American  Acad- 
emy of  Political  and  Social  Science,  American 
Federation  of  Arts,  National  Municipal  League, 
National  Civic  Federation,  League  for  Permanent 
Peace,  Rhode  Island  Equal  Suffrage  Associa- 
tion, Rhode  Island  Historical  Society,  Rhode 
Island  branch,  Association  of  Collegiate  Alumnae, 
Ballou  Family  Association  (secretary  and  treas- 
urer), College  Club,  Boston,  and  the  Bryn  Mawr 
Club,  New  York  city.  She  finds  her  chief  recrea- 
tions in  genealogical  research,  in  reading  and 
journalism,  and  in  country  and  social  life. 

ROBERTS,  Henry,  manufacturer  and  inventor, 
was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  Dec.  19,  1830, 
son  of  William  and  Sarah  ( —  — )  Roberts.  He 
was  a  freeman,  his  grandfather  having  been  one 
of  a  number  of  men  who  lifted  the  debt  on  the 
city  of  Liverpool  by  which  the  first-born  son  of 
the  descendants  of  the  men  was  a  freeman  born 
and  exempt  from  taxation.  Henry  Roberts  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
country.  In  1854  he  came  to  America,  locating 
first  at  Belleville,  N.  J.,  where  he  went  to  work 
in  a  local  wire  mill  and  drew  the  smallest  gauge 
wire  that  had  ever  been  made  in  this  country  up 
to  that  time.  In  1858  he  started  in  the  wire  busi- 
ness in  New  York  city,  and  during  the  Civil  war 
was  proprietor  of  a  wire  mill  at  Bloomfield,  N.  J. 
When  this  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1865,  he 
re-established  the  business  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where 
he  remained  until  1877.  He  then  combined  forces 
with  Gautier  Bros.,  of  New  York  city,  and  built 
up  the  Gautier  Steel  &  Wire  Co.,  Johnstown,  Pa. 
In  1880  he  left  Johnstown  to  join  the  Oliver  Bros., 
in  Pittsburgh,  and  there  built  a  wire  mill  and  a 
rod  mill  for  the  celebrated  iron  and  steel  firm  of 
Oliver  &  Roberts,  in  which  he  became  a  partner 
in  1881.  When  the  rod  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire 
he  ebuilt  it  in  three  months,  working  night  and 
daj  to  complete  the  work  of  reconstruction.  When 
the  Oliver  &  Roberts  Co.  bought  out  the  Haines- 
worth  Steel  Co.,  he  took  charge  of  the  plant  of  the 
latter,  in  connection  with  those  of  his  own  cor- 
poration. He  retired  from  active  business  cares 
in  1891,  and  in  1911  went  to  Virginia  to  spend  his 
remaining  days  on  a  farm.  Shortly  before  his 
death  he  took  up  his  residence  with  a  daughter  at 
Monaca,  Pa.  He  was  the  inventor  of  many  de- 
vi.-i's.  His  first  patent  was  procured  in  1878  for 
an  apparatus  for  galvanizing  wire,  other  patents 
for  galvanizing,  i.  e.,  coating  wire  with  zinc  or  other 
analogous  metal,  were  procured  by  him  in  1881 
and  1882.  In  1881  he  patented  an  apparatus  for 
finishing  wire.  He  patented  an  apparatus  for  hold- 
ing and  transporting  wire,  in  the  same  year  an  ap- 
paratus for  coating  metal  with  metal,  apparatus 
for  picking  wire,  feeding  wire,  and  two  additional 
methods  of  metal  coating,  all  in  1882.  A  patent 
for  a  wire  fence  machine,  and  two  patents  for  rod 
mill  in  1888,  another  patent  for  rod  mill  in  1900. 
The  rod  mill  patents  saved  life  and  limb,  by  doing 
away  with  hooker  boys,  and  making  the  machines 
do  work  in  dangerous  places  through  the  use  of 
incline  floors,  channels,  and  guides.  Mr.  Roberts' 
latest  patents  were  procured  in  1910,  two  patents 
for  veneer  barrels,  a  patent  for  hoop  nailing  jigs, 
a  patent  for  hoop  nailing  horses,  and  another 


MARY  F.  MORRISSON 
HUMANITARIAN  AND   POLITICAL  ECONOMIST 


EDITH  \V.  DTXIv 

REFORMER  AXL)   DOMESTIC   SCIENTIST 


EDITH  EDWARDS 
SOCIAL  WORKER 


HEXRY  ROBERTS 
MANUFACTURER  AND   INVENTOR 


OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


fence  machine  patent.  Improvements  on  these 
various  inventions  were  made  from  time  to  time. 
In  bringing  suit  for  infringement  on  his  patents 
lie  never  lost  a  case,  one  such  being  decided  in  his 
favor  by  William  Howard  Tatt,  when  the  latter 
occupied  the  bench  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of 
various  engineering,  and  iron  and  steel  associations, 
also  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Hi?  political 
affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party.  He 
\v;i<  among  the  many  notable  figures  in  the  his- 
tory of  iron  and  steel  in  the  United  States,  and 
he  played  at  active  part  in  the  development  of 
the  wire  industry.  His  inventive  mind  was  always 
at  work,  adding  labor  saving  devices  as  well  as 
improvements  to  whatever  interested  him.  His 
pleasing  personality  and  charm  of  manner  won 
him  friends  wherever  he  went.  He  inspired  such 
confidence  in  his  integrity  that  he  was  con- 
stantly sought  as  an  adviser.  He  was  married, 
in  Manchester,  England,  July  27,  1S54,  to  Mary 
Ann,  daughter  of  Henry  Butterworth  of  Man- 
chester; she  died  in  1881.  There  are  two  sur- 
viving children:  Charles  E.,  a  clerk,  of  New  York 
city,  and  Annie  G.  Roberts,  of  Monaca,  Pa.  He 
died  at  Monaca,  Pa.,  Mar.  18,  1917. 

BACON,  Francis  McNiel,  financier  and 
philanthropist,  was  born  at  Dorchester,  Mass., 
June  27,  1S35,  son  of  Lora  B.  and  Sarah  A. 
(Hammond)  Bacon.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  after  graduating  at  the  Boston 
High  School  in  1853,  removed  to  New  York  city 
to  engage  in  the  drygoods  business.  In  1860  he 
became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Hurlbert,  Von 
Yolkenburgh  &  Co.,  and  a  year  later  organized 
the  firm  of  Francis  M.  Bacon  &  Co.  The  follow- 
ing year,  because  of  ill  health,  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  1873  founded  the  firm  of  Haines, 
Bacon  A:  Co.,  woolen  commission  merchants.  In 
1^77  the  firm  became  Bacon,  Baldwin  &  Co.,  which 
continued  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Baldwin  in  1s'.'-. 
at  which  time  the  style  was  changed  to  Bacon  & 
Co.,  which  still  continues.  From  the  time  of  his 
entrance  into  the  drygoods  field  he  became  one  of 
the  most  influential  and  distinguished  members 
of  the  trade  in  America;  he  achieved  a  high  r:mk 
among  the  successful  merchants  of  New  York,  and 
was  invited  to  participate  in  outside  affairs  of 
finn nee,  which  connections  soon  made  him  a  con- 
spicuous figure  not  only  in  commercial,  industrial 
and  financial  circles,  but  in  the  artistic  and  re- 
ligious world,  and  in  society.  He  was  a  director 
in  the  National  City  Bank,  Metropolitan  Trust 
Company,  Seaman's  Bank  for  Savings,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Atlantic  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company,  and  many  other  financial  institution-. 
He  was  for  years  a  confirmed  traveller,  his  itin- 
eraries including  several  globe  girdling  trips  and 
visits  to  the  principal  centres  of  art  and  literature. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  the  American  Geographical 
Society,  and  he  also  gave  much  time  and  thought 
to  promoting  church  work  of  various  kinds.  He 
was  a  vestryman  and  member  of  the  American 
Church  of  St.  James,  Florence,  Italy;  treasurer 
and  trustee  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion, 
New  York  city;  member  of  the  Trinity  Church 
Association,  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Society  for 
Promoting  Religion  and  Learning,  and  a  trustee  of 
St.  Luke 's  Hospital,  New  York  city.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Union,  Union  League,  Merchants, 
Century,  Player's  and  Church  clubs  of  New  York, 
the  Union  Club  of  Boston,  several  country  clubs 
and  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  Mr.  Bacon  was 
universally  esteemed  for  a  warm  personality,  a 
deep-seated  and  cultured  intellect,  and  strong 
traits  of  character  which  earned  him  the  regard 


of  all  circles.  The  business  with  which  he  was  so 
long  identified  was  continued  along  the  lines  and 
in  accordance  with  the  same  methods  that  he  con- 
tributed to  its  past  success,  and  its  operation  is 
in  the  hands  of  his  sons.  He  was  twice  married, 
(1),  in  November,  1862,  to  Margaret  Rogers, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Frederick  T.  Gray,  formerly 
rector  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston;  (2),  Oct.  IK, 
1879,  to  Katherine  Paris,  daughter  of  Thoma., 
W.  Storrow,  of  Boston,  who  survives  him  with 
five  children:  Francis  M.,  James  F.,  Rogers  H., 
\Ventworth  C.,  and  Margaret  Gray,  wife  of  Clinton 
Gilbert.  He  died  at  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  Sept.  21. 
1912. 

GOKDON,  Douglas  Huntly,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  5,  1866,  son  of  Doug- 
las Hamilton  am]  Anne  Eliza  (Pleasants)  Gordon, 
and  grandson  of  Basil  and  Anne  Campbell  (Kuox) 
Gordon.  Basil  Gordon,  the  son  of  Samuel  Gordon, 
Laird  of  Loehdougan,  Scotland,  accompanied  by 
his  brother  Samuel,  and  their  nephew  Samuel  Gor- 
don, Jr.,  came  to  Virginia  in  1783  and  married  a 
daughter  of  William  Knox,  of  "Windsor  Lodge," 
Culpepper  co.  Basil  Gordon  settled  at  Falmouth, 
near  Fredericksburg;  became  an  exporter  of  to- 
bacco; amassed  a  considerable  fortune  during  the 
war  between  England  and  Spain,  and  purchased 
"  Wakefield  Manor,"  the  family  estate  in  Rappa- 
hannock  county.  Douglas  H.  Gordon  was  grad- 
uated at  Johns  Hopkins  University  in  1887  and 
took  two  years  of  post-graduate  work.  At  the 
same  time  he  entered  the  college  of  law  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  .completing  the  three 
years'  course  in  two,  with  the  degree  LL.B.,  in 
1889.  He  never  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of 
his  profession,  but  devoted  himself  to  his  large 
private  interests  and  in  later  years  to  an  ever- 
widening  range  of  activities  which  were  to  win  for 
him  a  place  among  the  leading  financiers  of  the 
South.  With  a  few  associates  he  purchased  the 
Baltimore  "Evening  News,"  in  1892,  then  the 
only  afternoon  newspaper  in  the  city,  and  became 
one  of  its  leading  editorial  writers.  In  polities 
a  Democrat,  a  keen  observer  and  a  careful  student 
of  affairs,  he  was  well  qualified  for  the  ollire. 
Gifted  with  an  easy  and  fluent  literary  style,  which 
carried  conviction  by  its  lucid  and  logical  presen- 
tation, he  helped  make  the  "News"  a  factor  in 
moulding  public  opinion  and  in  establishing  for 
itself  a  reputation  in  the  annals  of  Maryland 
journalism.  In  a  few  years,  however,  he  relin- 
quished the  editorial  work  in  order  to  devote  him- 
self to  several  large  financial  enterprises  with 
which  he  had  become  identified.  He  was  actively 
interested  in  the  promotion  of  a  number  of  rail- 
roads, public  utilities,  mining  and  real  estate 
properties,  among  which  was  the  Alabama  Con- 
solidated Coal  &  Iron  Co.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  Citizens  Trust  &  Deposit  Co.,  of  Baltimore, 
and  in  1899,  upon  the  organization  of  the  Inter- 
national Trust  Co.  of  Maryland,  was  its  first  presi- 
dent until  1910,  when  that  company  consolidated 
with  the  Baltimore  Trust  &  Guarantee  Co.,  to  form 
the  new  Baltimore  Trust  Co.  He  was  first  vice- 
president  of  the  latter  until  1912  and  its  president, 
from  1912  until  1917,  when  he  retired  because  of 
impaired  health.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Union  Prot- 
estant Infirmary,  Baltimore,  giving  liberally  of 
his  time  and  means  towards  improving  the  facil- 
ities of  the  hospital,  and  he  was  especially  inter- 
ested in  the  Gilman  Country  School  for  Boys  at 
Roland  Park,  near  Baltimore,  which,  through  a 
sympathetic  understanding  of  the  educational 
needs  of  the  modern  boy  he  helped  to  make  one 
of  the  leading  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the 


438 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


South.  He  was  a  governor  of  the  Bachelors'  volunteered  in  the  war  against  Germany,  and 
Cotillon,  the  oldest  social  organization  in  Balti-  was  commissioned  major  of  infantry  in  the  officers ' 
more,  and  a  member  of  the  Maryland,  Baltimore,  reserve  corps  of  the  United  States  army.  He 
Elkri'dge  Hunt  and  other  clubs.  By  nature  a  was  married,  Dee.  21,  1905,  to  Amy,  daughter 
student  he  was  a  patron  of  the  arts  and  a  man  of  of  David  L.  Einstein,  of  New  York,  and  a  sister  of 
broad  culture  and  learning.  Simple  and  uuosten-  Lewis  Einstein,  former  T_T.  S.  minister  to  Costa  Rica, 
tatious  in  manner  ami  considerate  of  others,  he  They  have  four  children:  Joel  Elias,  Jr.,  Hope 
was  an  ideal  master  of  the  house,  constant  in  his  Judith,  Honor  Edith  and  Edward  David  Wood- 
affection  for  his  family  and  in  his  warmth  and  berry  Spingarn. 

sincerity  towards  his  friends.  He  was  an  at-  SMITH,  Levi,  oil  operator  and  refiner,  was 
tendant  of  Emanuel  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  born  in  Lowhill  township,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  Apr. 
He  was  married  at  Newport  News,  June  22,  12,  1844,  son  of  Gideon  and  Eliza  (Reber)  Smith. 
1897  to  Elizabeth  Southall,  daughter  of  John  He  attended  the  public  school  in  Lowhill  town- 
Eldridge  Clarke,  of  North  Carolina,  who  survives  ship  and  when  he  was  nineteen  years  old  left 
him  with  five  children:  Elizabeth  Stith,  Anne  home  to  learn  the  agricultural  machinist's  trade 
Humtly,  Douglas  Huntly,  Virginia  Southall,  and  with  Kressly  Bros,  at  Lyon  Valley,  Pa.  Two  years 
Sarah" Stanley  Gordon.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  later  he  went  to  Allentown,  Pa.,  where  he  engaged 
Apr.  8,  1918.  in  similar  work  until  he  went  to  the  oil  country 

SPINGARN,  Joel  Elias,  author,  was  born  in    in  June,  1S65.     His  first  work  in  the  oil  regions 
New  York  city,  May  17,  1S75,  son  of  Elias  and    w-as  at  East  Sandy,  Pa.,  where  he  assisted  in  build- 
Sarah   (Barnett)   Spingarn.  He  was  graduated  at   ing  a  hotel;  thence  he  went  to  Pithole,  where  he 
Columbia    College    in    1875    and    after    four   years    helped   to  build   an   oil  rig  and   drill,   the   first   oil 
of    graduate    study    at    Harvard,    Columbia,    and    well  he  ever  worked  on.    After  a  year  of  this  work, 
abroad  he  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  his    a  proposition  was  made  to  him  by  Hiram  Judson, 
alma    mater  in   1899.     In   that   year   he   was   ap-    of  Conneaut,  0.,  to  take  possession  of  an  oil  well 
pointed  assistant  in  literature  at  Columbia,  in  con-    on  a  percentage  of  one-half  the  production,  which 
nection  with  the  work  of  Prof.  George  E.  Wood-    he  accepted,  improving  the  production  of  the  well 
berry.     He  became  tutor  the  following  year,  and    from  four   to   eighteen   barrels   per   day,   oil   then 
in   1904,  on  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Woodberry,    being  worth  from  $5.00  to  $8.00  a  barrel.     Subse- 
was   made   adjunct  professor   of   comparative   lit-    quently  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Peter  Schrei- 
erature,  continuing  thus  until   1909,  when  he  be-    ber,    operating   for    oil    at    Pithole,    Pleasautville, 
came  professor.     During  1910-11  he  was  chairman    Henry  's  Bend  and  Tidioute,  Pa.     When  this  part- 
of  the  division  of  modern  languages  and  literature   nership  was  dissolved  four  years  later,  he  formed 
at  Columbia,  severing  his  connection  with  the  uni-    a  new  partnership  with  Brady  &  Logan  of  Tidi- 
versity   in  June,   1911.     In   1902   he  founded  the    oute,  Pa.,  in  the  oil  business  on  Triumph  Hill,  of 
'•Journal    of    Comparative    Literature,"    the    first    which  he  had  charge.     When  Brady  &  Logan,  who 
periodical  of  its  kind  in  the  English  language,  of    were  also  engaged  in  the  hardware  and  oil  well  sup- 
which  he  was  managing  editor  during  the  period    ply    business,    went    into    bankruptcy,    Mr.    Smith 
of  its  existence,  twelve  years.     He  is  the  author    formed  a  partnership  with  A.  J.  Mclntyre  and  pur- 
of  "A  History  of  Literary  Criticism  in  the  Renais-    chased  the  hardware  and  oil  well  supply  stock  and 
sance"    (1899),  which  was  translated  into  Italian    machinery  in  which  Brady  &  Logan  had  been  deal- 
in   1905,  with  a  commendatory  preface  by  Bene-    ing.   Seven  years  later  he  sold  to  his  partner  all  his 
detto  Croce — perhaps  the  first  work  of  American    property  interests  in  and  about  Tidioute,  ami  pur- 
literary  scholarship  since  Ticknor 's  "Spanish  Lit-    chased  an  oil  well  supply  stock  at  Clarendon,  Pa. 
erature"  to  receive  the  honor  of  translation  into    He  also  purchased  a  large  stock  of  oil  well  fishing 
a    foreign    tongue.      Concerning    it    the    London    tools,   and  in   1884  became   associated  with   John 
"Spectator"  said:  "Mr.  Spingarn  shows  in  every    Japes  and  Robert  Thompson  in  a  crude  and  cheaply 
page  of  his  work  the  almost  enormous  extent  of    constructed    oil    refinery.      At    first    this    business 
his  erudition.     But  he  writes  lucidly  and  simply;    showed  a  loss,  but  Mr.  Smith  purchased  his  part- 
his  learning  never  appears  tedious.     His  volume  is    ners'  interest  in  the  refinery,  which  he  rebuilt  and 
the  handbook  of  the  subject  of  which  it  treats."    improved  from  time  to  time,  until  in  1917  its  still 
He    has   also    edited    three   volumes    of    "Critical    capacity  was  over  1,000  barrels  a  day.     Thus  suc- 
Essays   of   the   Seventeenth   Century,"   which   ex-    cess  attended   his  efforts  in  the  refining  business 
empl'ify  the  best  results  of  American  scholarship    as  well  as  in  his  other  varied  enterprises.     He  was 
applied    to    English    literature.      He    also    edited    largely  concerned  in  western   lumber   and   timber 
"Temple's  Essays  on  Ancient  and  Modern  Learn-    business,  with  interests  in  Portland  cement  works 
ing  and  on  Poetry"   (1909)    and  "A  Renaissance    in  Kansas  and  Texas,  mining  and  milling  interests 
Courtesy  Book,  theGalateo  of  Dela  Casa"   (1914),    in  Colorado,  soap  aud  grease  business  in  Warren, 
and    wrote    "The    New    Hesperides    and    Other    and  he  was  also  at  one  time  president  of  the  Citi- 
Poems  "    (1911),  and  a  volume  of  essays  "Crea-    zens'  National  Bank  of  Warren.     Mr.  Smith  de- 
tive  Criticism"   (1917).     In  1908  he  was  Repub-    voted  attention  to  school  matters  in  Warren  and 
lican    candidate    for   congress,    and    in    1912    and    other  places,  especially  to  instituting  the  various 
1916  was  a  delegate  to  the  Progressive-  National    industrial  departments  and  physical  culture.     He 
convention   in  Chicago,   111.     Having  acquired  an    equipped  the  Warren  high  school  with  first-class 
estate  of  600  acres  at  Amenia,  Dutchess  co.,  N.    manual   training   for   boys,    domestic   science    and 
Y.,  he  has  become  interested  in  rural  betterment    sewing    departments    for    girls,    and    an    excellent 
and  community  welfare  work,  having  organized  an    gymnasium,    donating   to   it   also   what   is   said   to 
"Amenia    Conference"    on   the   rights    of    colored    be  one  of  the  finest  collection  of  crystallized  mm 
people    from  which  grew  the  National  Association    erals  in  this  country.     He  also  contributed  largely 
for  the  Advancement  of  Colored  People,  and  he    to  other  institutions,  schools,  foreign  missions,  and 
inaugurated    what    is    called    an    experiment    in    the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.     He  was 
"rural    co-operative    play"    by    establishing    an   a  32d  degree  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar,  and  a 
Amenia  Field  Dav,  which  each  year  provides  for    Shriner.     Mr.  Smith  was  strictly  a  self-made  man. 
the  free   recreation  and  amusement  of  the  rural    He  never  used  tobacco  nor  intoxicating  liquor  in 
population  in  and  around  Amenia.     In   1917   ho   any  form,  but  was  always  interested  in  anythmi 


THOMAS  R.  GABEL 

RAILWAY  OFFICIAL 


MALYERD  A.  HOWE 

CIVIL  EXilIXi  I  I; 


ALBERT  M.  HARRISON 
ITI'.LIC  OFFICIAL 


BALIE  P.  WAGGENER 
LAWYER 


OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


439 


-Cultural  and  constructive,  and  gave  of  his  time 
ami  means  to  afford  the  present  and  future  genera- 
tions greater  opportunities  in  these  fields.  Socially, 
he  was  affable  and  genial,  was  interested  in  music 
and  poetry,  and  respected  by  all  wlio  knew  him. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  1,  1873,  to  Amanda  Jane, 
daughter  of  John  George,  and  hail  four  children: 
Laura,  Eva  Jane,  George  H.  and  .lay  Levi  Smith. 
He  died  near  Elkhart,  Ind.,  May  6,  1917. 

GABEL,  Thomas  King,  railroad  official  and 
oil  producer,  was  born  at  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  Canada,  Feb.  21,  1854,  son  of  Jarvis 
Ring  and  Ellen  Haviland  Gabel.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Baptist  Seminary  in  New  Bruns- 
wick and  at  a  commercial  college  at  St.  John 
in  that  province.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
went  to  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  studied  for  two 
years.  In  May,  1877,  he  became  a  clerk  in  the 
gf-neral  freight  office  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  St.  Albans.  Vt.,  and  in  1880  was  made 
chief  clerk  of  the  department.  In  1SS2  he  en- 
gaged as  secretary  to  the  general  manager  of 
the  Mexican  Central  Railway,  with  headquarters 
in  Mexico  City.  He  removed  to  Albuquerque, 
N.  M.,  in  1885,  having  entered  the  service  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  as  chief  clerk 
to  the  general  superintendent;  in  18S6-87  he 
served  as  acting  general  superintendent  of  the 
same  road,  after  which  he  became  general 
material  agent  of  the  Colorado  Midland,  with 
headquarters  at  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. ;  and  in 
1888-89  was  material  agent  of  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad.  His  ability  as  an  official  and 
his  popularity  as  a  man  were  further  recognized 
by  his  appointment  in  September,  1891,  as  gen- 
eral superintendent  of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific 
system.  The  vast  interests  attaching  to  this 
position  and  the  many  problems  connected  with 
its  management  required  exceptional  qualifica- 
tions in  one  who  became  its  head.  By  reason 
of  his  educational  training,  his  experience  in 
railroad  matters,  his  knowledge  of  men,  and  his 
enterprise,  Mr.  Gabel  met  every  requirement. 
In  1895-190]  he  was  engaged  principally  in  min- 
ing. In  the  latter  year  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  Los  Angeles  Pacific  railroad  at  Los  An- 
geles, and  was  appointed  general  traffic  manager 
in  1903.  In  November,  1905,  he  was  appointed 
general  superintendent,  and  three  months  later 
became  general  manager  of  the  same  road,  re- 
tiring in  January,  1908.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  engaged  exclusively  in  the  production 
of  oil,  with  headquarters  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
being  president  of  the  Consolidated  Petroleum 
Corporation,  the  Montebello  Oil  Co.  (afterwards 
sold  to  the  Hammon  syndicate  in  San  Fran- 
cisco), the  Security  Oil  Syndicate,  and  general 
manager  of  the  Calumet  Oil  Co.  In  1913  he 
began  investigating  the  practicability  of  a  me- 
chanical cotton  picker.  Up  to  that  time  there 
had  been  some  2,300  patents  issued  !>y  the  U.  S. 
patent  office  for  devices  of  this  nature,  but 
most  of  them  were  of  no  practical  value.  In  1916 
he  applied  for  patents  on  same,  and  put  in 
operation  what  is  considered  the  first  practical 
mechanical  cotton  picking  machine  ever  invented. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  Federation  Club  and  Los 
Angeles  Athletic  Club.  He  was  married  Nov. 
26,  1890,  to  Mattie  Maud,  daughter  of  Harlan 
P.  Aldrich  of  Albuquerque,  N.  M.,  and  their 
children  are  Thomas  Aldrich  and  Jarvis  Lewis 
Gabel.  (Portrait  opposite  page  438.) 

HOWE,  Malverd  Abijah,  civil  engineer,  edu- 
cator, was  born  at  Northfield,  Vt.,  Dec.  9,  1863, 


son  of  Asa  and  Lucy  Ann  Frances  (Cummings) 
Howe.  His  father  was  a  civil  engineer.  Malverd 
A.  Howe  was  graduated  at  Norwich  University, 
Northfield,  in  ISsii,  with  the  degree  B.S.,  subse- 
quently receiving  the  degree  M.S.  from  that  insti- 
tution, and  lie  was  graduated  at  the  Thayer 
School  of  Dartmouth  'College  in  1886  with  the 
degree  C.E.  In  that  year  he  began  his  profes- 
sional career  in  the  service  of  the  Edge  Moor 
Bridge  &  Iron  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  after  a 
few  months  was  appointed  instructor  in  civil  en- 
gineering in  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  of 
Harvard  University.  The  following  year  he  went 
to  Rose  Polytechnic  Institute,  Terre  Haute,  Ind., 
as  professor  of  civil  engineering,  continuing  in 
that  capacity  until  1916,  when  he  retired  to  his 
farm  near  Northfield,  Vt.  He  practically  built 
up  the  department  of  civil  engineering  at  Rose 
Polytechnic  Institute,  making  it  one  of  the  strong- 
est and  best  balanced  courses  given  in  any  school 
in  the  country.  In  arranging  the  course  he  intro- 
duced a  large  amount  of  laboratory  work.  The 
theoretical  analysis  of  the  results  was  done  in  the 
laboratory.  He  combined  the  rare  qualities  of  an 
excellent  and  attractive  teacher  and  an  original 
investigator.  His  chief  reason  for  retiring  from 
teaching  was  to  devote  all  of  his  time  to  study  and 
to  the  revision  of  some  of  his  books,  which  have 
a  wide  sale,  and  which  are  recognized  as  author- 
itative and  used  for  text  books  in  various  engineer- 
ing schools.  He  was  frequently  called  upon  as  a 
consulting  engineer.  In  1902  he  designed,  and  in 
conjunction  with  another  supervised  the  erection 
of  the  Wabash  river  bridge,  foot  of  Wabash  ave- 
nue, Terre  Haute,  Ind. ;  acted  as  superintendent  of 
construction  on  a  number  of  public  buildings;  was 
selected  to  recalculate  the  stresses  in  the  Eads 
bridge,  St.  Louis,  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Co.,  and  has  acted  as  consulting  engineer  in  many 
public  and  private  works  in  the  state  of  Indiana, 
lie  is  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers,  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science,  American  Society  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Engineering  Education,  and  of  the  Interna- 
tional Navigation  Congress.  He  is  a  Republican. 
He  is  author  of:  "The  Sabula  Draw  by  Graphics," 
(1887);  "Theory  of  the  Continuous  Girder," 
(1887);  ''Tables  for  Use  in  Application  of 
Methods  of  Least  Squares,"  (1890);  "Retaining 
Walls  for  Earth,"  (1886;  6th  ed.,  1913);  "A 
Treatise  on  Arches,"  (1897:  2d  ed.,  1907);  "In- 
fluence Diagrams,"  (1913);  "Design  of  Simple 
Roof  Trusses  in  Wood  and  Steel,"  (1902;  3d  ed., 
1912);  "Symmetrical  Masonry  Arches,1'  '1906), 
2d  ed.,  1913);  "Masonry  Construction,"  (1915); 
"Foundations,"  (1915);  "Graphics  and  Roof 
Trusses"  for  "Kidder's  Pocketbook,"  (1916), 
and  he  has  also  contributed  extensively  to  period- 
ical literature.  He  was  married  at  Emporia,  Kan., 
June  25,  1887,  to  Jessie,  daughter  of  Homer 
White,  a  capitalist  of  Emporia;  they  have  one 
child:  Homer  Asa,  a  civil  engineer  and  specialist 
in  the  heat  treatment  of  metals,  and  who  during 
the  war  with  Germany  was  a  1st  lieut.  of  the  O. 
R.  C.,  connected  with  Watertown  Arsenal,  and 
later  2nd  lieutenant  of  the  Tank  Corps  A.  E.  F. 

HARRISON,  Albert  Micajah,  municipal  offi- 
cial and  philanthropist,  was  born  at  Lexington, 
Ky.,  Sept.  11,  1849,  son  of  James  Orlando  and 
Margaretta  Pindell  (Ross)  Harrison,  and  grand 
son  of  Micajah  Harrison,  of  the  distinguished  Vir- 
ginia family  of  that  name.  Micajah  Harrison 
settled  at  Mount  Sterling,  Ky.,  in  1786,  and  there 
held  high  official  position  for  more  than  thirty 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


.nately  „ 

men  who  made  Lexington  their  headquarters  in  the  fame  in  his  way  to  make  a  living.  In  June,  1867, 
first  half  of  the  19th  century.  When  Ids  friend,  lir  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Two  years  later  he 
William  T.  Barry  (<|.v.),  wa's  appointed  minister  formed  a  partnership  with  Albert  H.  Horton.  (q.v.), 
to  Spain,  he  was  offered  the  post  of  secretary  of  which  continued  until  1877,  when  Judge  Hortou 
legation  at  Madrid,  but  declined.  He  was  the  life-  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
long  friend  of  Henry  Clay  (q.v.)  and  was  made,  of  the  state  of  Kansas.  In  1877  he  formed  a 
with  Mrs.  Clay,  executor  of  his  estate  when  he  died,  partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  Everest 
In  1848  his  interest  iu  education  led  him  to  accept  &  Waggener.  In  1887  Mr.  Waggener  formed  a 
the  position  of  superintendent  of  public  schools  of  partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  Waggener, 
Lexington,  and  he  served  five  years  in  that  capa-  Martin  &  Orr,  which  continued  until  April, 
city  without  compensation;  one  of  the  largest  1895,  when  the  firm  was  dissolved  and  the  firm 
schools  in  the  city  is  named  for  him.  The  mother  became  Waggener,  Hen-tun  &  Orr,  Chief  Justice 
of  our  subject  was  a  favorite  niece  of  Mrs.  Henry  Horton  having  resigned  his  position  and  again 
Clay.  Albert  M.  Harrison  was  but  twelve  at  the  entered  the  firm.  David  Martin  (q.v.),  Mr.  Wag- 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  In  1862  his  father's  gener's  former  partner,  became  chief  justice  of  the 
friend,  Eobert  J.  Breckeuridge  (q.v.),  then  in  the  supreme  court  of  Kansas  to  succeed  Chief  Justice 
Confederate  congress,  had  him  appointed  midship-  Horton.  In  1902  Judge  Hortou  died,  and  later  his 
man  in  the  Confederate  navy.  In  18li:;  he  was  in  place  in  the  firm  was  taken  by  former  Chief  Jus- 
the  battle  of  Drury's  Bluff,  and  he  participated  in  tice  Prank  Doster,  under  the  firm  name  of  Wag- 
other  important  engagements  until  the  close  of  gener,  Doster  &  Orr.  Mr.  Orr  withdrew  from  the 
hostilities.  Then,  at  sixteen,  he  went  to  British  firm  in  1910  and  the  firm  thereafter  became  Wag- 
Honduras.  Returning  to  Lexington,  after  a  year,  gcncr,  Chaliss,  De  Laccy  &  Brown.  In  January, 
he  held  various  ollices  of  public  trust.  For  years  1!S76,  Mr.  Waggener  was  appointed  general  attor- 
he  was  secretary  of  the  Fayette  county  Democratic  ney  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway  for  the  state 
campaign  committee,  and  at  his  death  was  regis-  of  Kansas,  and  in  May,  1910,  he  was  made  gen- 
trar  of  vital  statistics  for  Lexington.  Like  his  eral  solicitor  for  that  company  for  the  states  of 
father  he  was  deeply  interested  in  the  betterment  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  his  son,  W.  P. 
of  the  community  and  was  the  founder  of  two  of  Waggoner,  succeeding  him  as  general  attorney  for 
Lexington's  most  beneficent  charitable  institu-  Kansas.  Mr.  Waggener  was  a  diligent  student 
tjons — the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  and  the  Industrial  of  the  law,  and  was  the  possessor  of  one  of  the 
School.  In  1875,  prior  to  the  modern  impulse  for  most  complete  law  libraries  in  the  United  States, 
social  service,  he  conducted  a  mission  school  for  containing  upward  of  10,000  volumes  on  every  con- 
ueedy  children.  Through  it  he  came  in  touch  with  ceivable  legal  subject,  and  representing  an  ex- 
a  large  number  of  poor  families  and  he  started  a  peuditure  of  more  than  $40,000.  In  1869  he  was 
home  where  destitute  women  could  be  sheltered,  elected  to  the  Atchison  city  council  when  he  had 
conducting  classes  in  industrial  arts  for  both  barely  attained  his  majority.  In  1872  he  was  the 
women  and  children.  The  city  was  asked  to  co-  nominee  of  his  party  for  the  office  of  attorney- 
operate  in  the  enterprise,  but  failed  to  do  so,  ami  general  of  the  state  of  Kansas,  and  in  1873  was 
for  a  number  of  years  all  of  his  earnings  wpnt  to  made  city  attorney.  During  18,89-91  and  again  in 
its  support.  Later,  it  was  divided  into  a  home  for  1895-97  he  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Atchison.  In 
old  ladies  and  an  industrial  school  for  boys  and  1902  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower  branch 
girls.  Both  are  now  prosperous  institutions  with  of  the  state  legislature,  and  during  the  term  was 
splendid  records.  He  was  a  zealous  member  of  chairman  of  the  important  judiciary  committee, 
the  United  Confederate  Veterans  and  was  at  the  Two  years  later  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
forefront  of  all  Confederate  activities.  His  last  from  a  strong  Republican  district,  an  indisputable 
labors  were  in  arranging  for  the  ob  rvance  of  testimonial  to  Mr.  Waggoner's  personal  popularity 
the  Southern  memorial  day.  He  was  :  ;arried  June  and  his  abilitv.  In  November,  1912,  he  was  again 
17,  1879,  to  Ida,  daughter  of  William  Temple  elected  to  the  state  senate  by  a  majority  of  over 
Withers,  a  general  in  the  Confederate  army  and  2,000.  Mr.  Waggener 's  most  successful  business 
commander  of  artillery  in  Vicksburg  during  the  achievements  were  the  building  of  the  street  rail- 
siege;  she  survives  him.  He  died  at  Lexington,  wav  arui  electric  light  system  in  Atchison,  and  the 
Ky.,  May  24,  1916.  building  of  the  Exchange  National  Bank,  of  which 
WAGGENER,  Balie  P.,  lawyer,  was  born  in  he  was  president,  and  which  is  one  of  the  best 
Platte  co.,  Mo.,  July  18,  1847,  son  of  Peyton  Ran-  known  and  strongest  financial  institutions  in  the 
dolph  and  Sophineaus  Briseis  Willis,  and  great-  Central  West.  He  was  a  member  of  various  secret 
grandson  of  Thomas  Waggener,  a  captain  in  the  orders,  and  was  prominent  in  Masonic  circles,  being 
French  and  Indian  war,  who  was  wounded  at  the  a  Knight  Templar,  a  thirty-second  degree  member 
battle  of  Great  Meadows  and  made  captain  Aug.  ,,f  the  Scottish  Rite,  and  a  member  of  the  Mystic 
15,  1755 ;  his  son  Maj.  Thomas  Waggener,  an  officer  Shrine.  Mr.  Waggener  attracted  nation-wide  at- 
in  the  war  of  1812,  married  Mary  Garnett  of  Vir-  tentiou  as  a  benefactor  and  friend  of  the  children, 
giuia,  and  they  were  the  grandparents  of  our  His  picnics,  which  were  given  in  Atchison  in  ob- 
subject.  The  original  Waggener  in  America  came  servance  of  his  birthday,  were  so  unique  and  were 
to  Virginia  about  1717,  with  the  second  immigra-  carried  out  on  such  a  large  scale  that  they  created 
tion  of  German  and  Swiss  Protestants  to  the  set-  national  interest  and  were  written  about  in  the 


until  1861,  and  from  that  year  until  1S66  he  had  banker,  of  Atchison,  and  their  living  children  are: 
charge  of  a  toll-gate  between  Weston  and  Platte  William  Peyton  Waggener  and  Mabel  L.,  who  mar- 
City,  and  worked  on  a  farm  and  read  law  at  ried  Roland  K.  Smith.  He  died  in  Atchison,  Kan., 
night.  He  borrowed  books  from  lawyers  of  the  Apr.  28,  1918.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  439). 


JOHN  11.  CiREUSEL 
fOURNALIST 


FRANK  C.  LINDEN 

rilYSH  IAN    AND  SURGEON 


11KNRY  C.  MYERS 
SOLDIER  AND  EDITOR 


JOSEPH  DEUTSCH 

LITHOGRAPHER 


OF     AMKRICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


441 


NUNN,  David  Alexpnder,  lawyer,  was  horn 
at  Summerville,  Noxubee  en..  Miss..  Oct.  1,  1836, 
son  of  John  and  Jane  (Tubb)  Nunn.  His  father 
was  a  pioneer  Mississippi  planter,  and  served  as 
a  soldier  under  Andrew  Jackson  (q.v.),  in  the  war 
with  the  Choctaw  Indians.  David  A.  Nunn  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public-  schools  and  at 
the  University  at  Murfreesboro,  Law  School  at 
Lebanon,  Tenn. ;  ami  later  studied  law  at  New 
Orleans;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and 
in  that  year  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  his  native  county.  In  his  father's  home  he 
had  known  and  admired  such  great  southerners' as 
Jefferson  Davis  (q.v.),  Albert  G.  Brown  (q.v.), 
William  Barksdale  (q.v.),  and  others;  from  them 
he  imbibed  his  old  school  conception  of  politics, 
and  civic  and  social  relations.  These  ideals  and 
ideas  remained  his  characteristic  throughout  his 
political  life.  In  1858  he  settled  at  Crockett,  Tex. 
In  this  new  community  he  soon  acquired  a  place 
of  distinction,  and  was  voted  into  the  office  of 
mayor,  which  carried  no  salary,  and  was  then  a 
post  of  onerous  responsibility.  The  entire  country 
about  Crockett  was  infested  by  a  dangerous  and 
lawless  element  and  it  required  all  the  courage 
rind  firmness  of  his  character  to  maintain  peace 
and  order  in  the  community.  Occasionally,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  town  marshal,  and  with  re- 
volver or  shotgun,  he  personally  coped  with  law- 
lessness, and  he  soon  became  celebrated  as  a  force 
for  the  preservation  of  peace  and  the  regnancy  of 
the  law.  With  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he 
raised  a  company  and  went  to  the  front,  continu- 
ing an  actual  soldier  of  the  Confederacy  until  the 
end  of  the  war.  He  was  in  the  early  campaigns 
of  the  Texas  troops  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico, 
subsequently  was  transferred  to  Arkansas  and 
Louisiana,  and  saw  hardships  ami  fighting  in  many 
of  the  campaigns  of  the  southwest.  In  the  Con- 
federate war  records  (series  I,  part  II,  vol. 
XXXIX,  p.  627),  in  the  report  of  Gen.  William 
Steel,  who  commanded  in  the  Red  River  country, 
is  the  following:  "  Capt.  Nunn,  of  Morgan's  bat- 
talion, succeeded  in  getting  a  good  position  with 
his  squadron  and  delivered  an  effective  fire  at  close 
range."  In  these  records  (series  I,  vol.  IX,  p.  51.") 
Lt.-Col.  William  Scurry  of  the  4th  Texas  cavalry 
mentions  him  with  others  as  conducting  the  last 
brilliant  and  successful  charge  ''which  decided  the 
fortunes  of  the  day"  in  an  engagement  in  Now 
Mexico,  near  Fort  Craig.  After  the  war  he  re- 
sumed his  law  practice  and  soon  rose  to  rank 
among  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Texas.  The  firm 
strength  and  ability  which  he  had  displayed  as  a 
soldier  he  again  exhibited  during  the  dark  days  of 
reconstruction.  He  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the 
convention  of  1S75  which  drafted  the  new  con- 
stitution for  the  state  after  its  readmission  to  the 
Union,  and  in  that  convention  was  an  acknowl- 
edged leader.  He  included  in  his  friendship  nearly 
all  the  great  men  of  Texas  of  his  day.  (.'id.  Nunu 
was  especially  beloved  by  his  old  comrades  in 
Co.  I,  4th  Texas  cavalry.  He  married  at  Macon, 
Miss.,  June  8th,  1858,  Helen,  daughter  of  Bryan 
T.  Williams,  a  planter  of  Noxubee  county,  Miss.; 
she  survived  him,  with  two  children:  David  A., 
a  lawyer  of  Crockett,  and  Corinne,  widow  of  R.  E. 
Corry,  and  one  grandchild,  Robert  R.  Nunn,  son 
of  Robert  W.  Nunn.  Helen  W.  Nunn  died  at 
Crockett,  Texas,  Oct.  0,  1917.  David  Alexander 
Nunn  died  at  Crockett,  Tex.,  Aug.  13,  1011. 

GRETJSEL,  John  Hubert,  journalist  and  his- 
torian, was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Mar.  20,  1866, 
sou  of  Joseph  and  Sophia  (Stumm)  Greusel, 
and  grandson  of  Join;  and  Susan  (Sarvis)  Greu.- 


sel.  His  grandfather,  John  Greusel,  was  a  pio- 
neer brick  manufacturer  of  Michigan  and  a 
generous  patron  of  education,  for  whom  Greusel 
School,  Detroit,  is  named.  His  father  was  a 
journalist  and  historian  who  contributed  numer- 
ous legislative,  editorial  and  biographical  articles 
to  "The  Detroit  Free  Press"  under  the  pen- 
name  "  Yusef . "  The  son  was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1888  with  the  degree 
Litt.  B.,  and  during  the  ensuing  two  years  pur- 
sued post-graduate  studies  in  United  States  con- 
stitutional history  He  wrote  "Monroe  Doctrine, 
Its  Past  History  and  Present  Application" 
(1804),  enlarging  on  the  theme  from  time  to 
time,  in  respect  to  later  evolutions  of  our  na- 
tional policy.  He  spent  five  years  in  New  York 
city,  writing  life-studies  and  character  sketches 
of  people  of  note.  He  became  a  member  of 
various  newspaper  staffs  in  New  York  city,  and 
later  of  McClure's  syndicate,  with  headquarters 
in  Washington.  Subsequently  he  visited  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  in  pursuit  of  biographical 
material.  He  has  made  a  study  of  the  newspaper 
interview,  its  history,  follies,  absurdities  and 
ambiguities,  as  well  as  its  virtues  and  responsi- 
bilities; while  his  criticism  of  the  misuse  of  inter- 
view-writing has  helped  to  a  higher  standard. 
To  enumerate  his  character-sketches  would  be  to 
recall  the  notable  Americans  of  the  past  and 
many  of  the  present  generation,  such  as  Cleve- 
land, Roosevelt,  Taft,  Champ  Clark,  Edison, 
Wanamaker,  Dewey,  Schley,  Walt  Whitman, 
Whittier,  Clyde  Fitch,  Jane  Addams,  Mosby, 
Buffalo  Bill,  not  overlooking  notable  actors, 
prizefighters,  merchants,  scientists,  financiers  and 
professional  men  of  national  importance.  Since 
1013  he  has  devoted  himself  to  historical  research 
in  an  endeavor  to  unite  ideas  and  facts  in  an 
adequate  philosophy  of  history,  whereby  it  may 
be  made  clear  that  to  explain  the  past  and  the 
present  it  is  necessary  to  regard  national  life 
and  the  moral  idea  as  of  organic  growth  and 
unbroken  continuity;  thus,  history  transforms  but 
does  not  destroy;  and  the  phenomena  must  be 
regarded  as  living,  not  as  dead;  that,  in  short, 
history  is  human  nature  in  action  and  the  state 
an  institution  based  on  human  nature.  This  the- 
ory he  has  systematically  upheld  to  explain  the 
Rise  of  the  Common  Man,  as  set  forth  in  his 
book  ou  that  subject.  He  believes  and  preaches 
that  the  call  is  for  a  nobler,  more  honest  type 
of  biographical  and  historical  writing;  his  theory 
being  that  if  the  human  passions  do  not  neces- 
sarily limit  man 's  progress,  at  least  they  define 
his  characteristics,  from  Eden  down.  His  inter- 
view-work has  been  done  largely  in  New  York 
and  Washington,  and  he  spends  his  winters  in 
southern  California,  with  residence  in  Los  Ange- 
les. His  "Hours  with  Famous  Americans"  con- 
tains intimate  glimpses  of  men,  and  women  whose 
moral  courage  and  helpfulness  inspire  the  large 
hope — life  portraits  of  men  actually  on  the  stage 
of  affairs,  in  various  lines  of  constructive  thought, 
and  answers  some  of  the  larger  questions  about 
these  moving  figures  of  our  times.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution 
and  of  the  Authors'  League  of  America  and 
finds  his  chief  recreation  in  golf,  chess,  travel, 
hunting,  fishing  and  general  out-of-door  life.  He 
was  married  Mar.  27,  1892,  to  Stella,  daughter 
of  SrbcrMii  Folkrat  Tolsma,  of  Detroit. 

LINDEN,  Frank  Cutler,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  19, 
1860,  sou  of  Robert  Jay  and  Maria  (DeLeof 
Linden,  and  grandson  of  Robert  Linden,  who  came 


442 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


from  Scotland.  Capt.  Robert  Jay  Linileu,  father 
of  the  subject  and  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
served  under  Farragut  in  the  civil  war;  became 
superintendent  of  the  Philadelphia  branch  of  Pin- 
kerton's  National  Detective  Agency;  conducted 
the  campaign  against  the  ' '  Mollie  Maguires ' '  in 
the  Pennsylvania  coal  region ;  was  made  superin- 
tendent of  police  in  Philadelphia,  and  at  his  death, 
in  1904,  was  head  of  the  Linden  Detective  Agency. 
On  the  maternal  side  the  subject  is  descended 
from  one  of  the  old  French  families  of  Gloucester, 
Mass.  Frank  C.  Linden  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  schools  in  his  native  city, 
and  at  Pennsylvania  Military  Academy,  Chester. 
During  1880-82  he  was  in  the  scout  service,  as  a 
member  of  the  famous  Texas  Ranger?,  on  the 
western  frontier.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Chicago  (Uni- 
versity of  Illinois)  in  1S89  with  the  degree  M.D., 
and  has  since  practiced  his  profession  in  Chicago, 
being  engaged  iu  general  practice  until  1904.  and 
since  specializing  in  internal  medicine.  During 
1903-17  he  was  lecturer  on  practice  of  medicine, 
.lenner  Medical  College,  Chicago,  of  which  insti- 
tution he  was  the  president  during  1904-17.  He  is 
medical  examiner  for  the  Improved  Order  of  Hep- 
tasophs  and  the  Fraternal  Aid  Union;  is  a  32d 
degree  Mason,  and  holds  membership  also  in  the 
Mystic  Shrine,  Alpha  Phi  Mu  fraternity,  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association,  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society,  Chicago  Medical  Society,  and  the  Chicago 
chapter  of  the  American  Red  Cross  Society,  and 
-nved  as  lieutenant  in  the  American  Protective 
League,  1918-19.  Dr.  Linden  is  known  for  his 
charitable  medical  work  among  the  poor  of  his 
adopted  city.  He  finds  his  chief  recreation  in 
scouting,  fishing,  hunting,  and  boating.  His  polit- 
ical affiliation  is  with  the  Republican  party.  Hi- 
was  married  in  Chicago,  April  23,  1884,  to  Jessie 
Dell,  daughter  of  Hiram  A.  Vosburgh,  a  stock- 
raiser  of  Janesville,  "Wis. ;  they  have  one  child: 
Dr.  Robert  Frank  Linden,  Chicago.  Mrs.  Linden 
died  Sept.  8,  19 is. 

MYEKS,  Henry  Clay,  soldier,  editor  and 
banker,  was  born  in  Marshall  county,  Miss.,  Oct. 
17,  1848,  son  of  Absolom  and  Adeline  (Boggair 
Myers.  His  father  was  a  planter.  Henry  C. 
Myers  received  his  education  at  the  University  of 
Missouri.  He  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army  be- 
fore he  was  fifteen  years  old,  as  private  in  Co.  H, 
2d  regiment,  Missouri  cavalry,  McCulloeh's  bri- 
gade. He  served  under  Gen.  Nathan  B.  Forrest 
(q.v.),  and  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  until 
the  close  of  hostilities.  He  was  paroled  with  his 
command  by  Gen.  Edward  R.  S.  Canby  (q.v.),  at 
Gainesville,  Ala.,  in  May,  1865.  He  afterward 
edited  and  published  "  The  South,"  a  weekly  news 
paper  at  Holly  Springs,  Miss.  From  the  time  ho 
attained  his  majority  he  took  an  active  part  in 
Democratic  politics  in  Mississippi.  He  held  nu- 
merous positions  of  trust  and  responsibility,  in- 
cluding that  of  secretary  of  state,  a  post  he  oc- 
cupied seven  years.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
ridding  Marshall  county,  Miss.,  of  carpet-baggers. 
He  later  settled  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  engaged 
in  the  mortgage  loan  business.  He  was  manager 
of  the  Banker  's  Trust  Co.,  Memphis,  and  later  held 
an  executive  position  with  the  Equitable  Life  In- 
surance Co.  He  was  a  dominant  factor  in  reform 
politics  in  Memphis.  An  editorial  in  a  Memphis 
newspaper  declared  at  his  death  that  there  was 
no  man  in  the  city  who,  as  leader  in  a  fight  for 
pure  government,  could  fill  the  place  made  vacant 
by  Col.  Myers.  He  was  a  communicant  of  the 
E'piscopal  Church.  He  was  married,  May  21,  1873, 


to  Minnie,  daughter  of  Harvey  W.  Walter,  a 
lawyer,  and  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Bragg;  she  died  in  1911.  There  is  one  surviving 
child:  Addie,  who  became  the  wife  of  John  B. 
Edgar.  He  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  Aug.  19, 
1917.  (Portrait  opposite  p.  441). 

DEUTSCH.  Joseph,  lithographer,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  July  10,  1S65,  sou  of  Solomon 
and  Augusta  Deutseh.  His  father  was  a  noted 
rabbi,  author,  grammarian,  and  was  one  of  the 
original  reformers  in  Judaism,  being  associated  with 
Kinhorn  and  Hirsch  in  this  great  work  and  occu- 
pying prominent  pulpits  in  Philadelphia,  Baltimore 
and  New  York  city.  Joseph  Deutseh  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Hartford,  Conn., 
and  the  evening  high  school  and  Cooper  Institute 
of  New  York  city.  His  first  employment  was  in 
the  printing  and  lithographing  establishment  of 
Isaac  Fridenwald,  Baltimore,  Md.,  at  the  age  of 
lift i 'i'n.  In  1891  he  went  to  Chicago,  111.,  was  with 
Shober  &  Carqueville  Lithographing  Co.  for  four 
years,  and  the  Orcutt  (later  the  Clinton)  Litho- 
graphing Co.  two  years.  In  1896,  with  Charles 
Edwards  and  Paul  Heitmann,  he  organized  the 
lithographing  firm  of  Edwards,  Deutseh  &  Heit- 
mann, of  which  he  has  since  been  president  and 
general  manager.  Mr.  Heitmann,  the  vice-presi- 
dent, retired  in  1906  when  the  corporate  name  was 
changed  to  the  Edwards  &  Deutseh  Lithographing 
Co.  Clarence  T.  Fairbanks  acquired  an  interest  in 
the  company  and  was  elected  vice-president  in  1912. 
Mr.  Edwards,  the  first  secretary  and  treasurer,  sold 
his  interest  in  1911,  and  his  place  was  taken  by  Mrs. 
Anna  C.  Deutseh,  wife  of  Joseph  Deutseh.  The 
first  year  the  company  did  a  business  of  $50,000.  It 
has  grown  steadily  since  then  until  in  1919  it  en- 

ioyed  an  annual  trade  of  *1. ,' ,  employed  -30 

hands,  and  has  achieved  a  reputation  as  one  of  the 
leading  lithographing  establishments  in  the  United 
States  and  has  an  international  reputation  for 
high  class  color  work,  but  the  company  does  all 
kinds  of  lithographing,  making  a  specialty  of 
posters,  however,  and  offset  lithography  of  every 
description.  Anything  that  can  be  produced  by 
lithography  on  cardboard  or  paper  is  executed 
in  this  establishment,  but  no  metal  printing;  from 
the  smallest  card  to  the  mammoth  twenty-four 
sheet  bill  board  poster;  intricate  cut  out  novelties, 
window  trims,  car  cards,  calendars,  blotters,  hang- 
ers, booklets,  covers,  etc.  Mr.  Deutseh  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  national  politics,  and  as  early  as 
1896  introduced  the  pictorial  poster  for  political 
Campaign  purposes  by  originating  and  lithograph- 
ing millions  of  copies  of  posters  to  appeal  to  the 
voter,  entitled,  ' '  Open  the  Mills  and  not  the 
Mints,"  "Advance  Agent  of  Prosperity,"  "Pov- 
erty or  Prosperity"  and  "The  Full  Dinner  Pail." 
He  also  made  lithographic  reproductions  of  the 
American  flag,  repeating  this  patriotic  feature 
during  the  Spanish-American  war  in  1898.  During 
the  war  with  Germany  in  1918  the  plant  of  the  Ed- 
wards &  Deutseh  Lithographing  Co.  was  turned 
over  to  the  United  States  treasury  department. 
The  plant  printed  83,667,447  pieces  of  advertising 
matter,  posters,  etc.,  for  the  Liberty  Loan  cam- 
paigns; 1,848,860  pieces  for  the  United  States 
Food  Administration;  1,326,863  for  the  Red 
Cross,  1,583,020  for  the  U.  S.  Fuel  Administration, 
13,840,700  window  emblems  for  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  50,746  for  the  Salvation 
Army,  542,800  for  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  and 
others  for  the  government  war  activities,  including 
the  war  savings  stamp  drives,  making  a  total  of 
103,367,436  lithographs.  Mr.  Deutseh  wa'S  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  National  Association  of  Em- 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


443 


ploying  Lithographers,  and  has  ever  since  served 
on  its  most  important  committees.  He  is  a  32nd 
degree  Mason,  a  Shriner,  a  member  of  the  Benevo- 
lent and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  the  Loyal  Order 
of  Moose,  the  Advertising  and  Press  clubs  and 
Chicago  Historical  Society;  besides  numerous  in- 
dustrial and  charitable  organizations.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  in  religion  an  Israelite. 
Mr.  Deutsch  was  married  in  ISfll,  to  Anna  Christi- 
ana, daughter  of  Joseph  Gressinger  of  Wilming- 
ton, Del. 

HART,  Charles  Byerly,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  25,  1*46,  son  of 
William  Bryan  and  Sara  (Byerly)  Hurt.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Samuel 
Hart  who  came  from  Belfast,  Ireland,  about  1735 
and  settled  in  I'lumstead  township,  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  From  him  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  the  line  of 
descent  is  traced  through  their  son  .James  and  his 
wife  .lean  Means;  their  son  James  and  his  wife 
Ann  Hankinsnn  and  their  son  Thomas  Hart  ami 
his  wife  Mary  McCalla,  who  were  the  grandpa 
rents  of  Charles  B.  Hart.  The  second  James  Hart 
served  as  private  in  the  war  uf  the  revolution  and 
was  a  prosperous  shipping  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia. Charles  Byerly  Hart  received  his  education 
chietly  at  Friends'  CentiMl  School,  Philadelphia 
anil  was  variously  employed  until  1*71,  when  he 
entered  into  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  Wil- 
liam H.  Hart,  under  the  firm  style  of  William  H. 
Hart,  Jr.  and  Bro.,  manufacturers  of  neckwear. 
Later  the  name  was  William  II.  Hart  &  Co.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  in  the  wholesale  carpet  business 
in  Philadelphia  with  his  brother-in-law,  George  R. 
Hill.  He  was  a  director  in  the  American  Life  In- 
surance Co.,  treasurer  of  the  Philadelphia  Barge 
Club,  and  member  of  the  Merion  Cricket  and  the 
Art  clubs  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  Fairmonnt 
I 'ark  Art  Association.  He  found  his  chief  recre- 
ation in  travel  and  in  rowing.  Mr.  Hart  was 
married  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  12,  1S76,  to 
Ida  Virginia,  daughter  of  George  W.  Hill,  president 
of  the  American  Life  Insurance  Co.  and  the 
Seventh  National  Bank  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
director  in  the  Corn  Exchange  National  Bank, 
Philadelphia ;  she  survives  him,  with  three  chil- 
dren: Ethel  Hill,  wife  of  Ledyard  Heckoeher; 
William  Bryan,  of  William  II.  Hart  &  Co.,  and 
Thomas  Hart.  Charles  B.  Hart  died  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Nov.  15,  1918. 

JORDAN,  M.  Evangeline,  dentist,  was  born 
in  Fulton  City,  111.,  Jan.  22,  1S65,  daughter  of  Eu- 
gene Behormus  and  Catherine  Rebecca  (Calvert) 
Jordan.  She  was  educated  at  a  private  school  in 
Rochester,  Minn.;  and  was  graduated  at  the  Los 
Angeles  State  Normal  S.dmol  in  1*91,  and  at  the 
I'niversity  of  California  with  the  degree  I). U.S. 
in '1898.  '  She  has  taught  school  in  Minn.;  Cuca- 
monga,  Cal.;  San  Bernardino,  Cal.;  and  in  Ontario, 
Cal.  Beginning  her  professional  career  in  Los  An- 
geles in  1S99,  and  dating  from  1900  she  has  been 
lecturing  in  the  College  of  Dentistry.  University 
of  Southern  Cal.,  and  occupied  the  chair  of  Ma- 
teria  Medica  for  a  time.  Since  1909  she  has  spe- 
cialized in  children's  teeth,  being  the  first  woman 
to  do  so  in  the  United  States.  Among  her  pub- 
lished works  are:  "Mistakes  We  Are  Making  With 
Children''  (Pacific  Dental  Gazette,  1910);  "The 
Economic  Value  of  the  Deciduous  Teeth"  (Cali- 
fornia State  Journal  of  Medicine,  Apr.,  191LM  : 
•  •  What  We  Are  Doing  in  Mouth  Hygiene  on  the 
Pacific  Coast"  (Transactions  of  the  Fourth  In- 
ternational Congress  on  School  Hygiene,  Buffalo, 
August,  1913);  "Importance  of  the  Deciduous 
Teeth  in  the  Development  of  the  Child";  "Teeth 


and  Taxes";  "Clean  Teeth  Never  Decay";  ''A 
Talk  to  Prospective  Mothers";  etc.  Dr.  Jordan, 
a  vivacious  and  engaging  personality,  was  a  strong 
worker  in  the  California  Woman's  suffrage  cam- 
paign, and  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  all  women's 
movements  and  a  leader  in  civic  work.  Her  favor- 
ite diversions  are  collecting  Indian  relics  and 
baskets,  horseback  riding,  mountain  climbing  and 
in  driving  her  own  automobile.  Her  clubs  are: 
Friday  Morning,  College  Woman's,  Woman's  City, 
Woman's  Press,  and  Professional  Woman's,  all  of 
Los  Angeles.  She  is  a  member  of  the  National 
Dental  and  National  Medical  associations. 

SMYTHE,  William  Ellsworth,  journalist, 
author  and  irrigation  expert,  was  born  at 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Dec.  24,  1861,  eon  of  William 
Augustus  Somerset  and  Abigail  (Bailey)  Smythe. 
He  is  descended  from  Edward  Wiuslow,  fourth 
governor  of  Plymouth  colony.  His  father,  a  shoe 
manufacturer  of  Worcester,  was  a  man  of  means, 
and  would  have  given  his  son  a  collegiate  educa- 
tion, but  the  latter  had  become  deeply  fascinated 
by  Partou's  "Life  of  Horace  Greeley, "  and  de- 
cided upon  a  journalistic  career.  As  soon  as  he 
had  graduated  in  the  common  school,  he  entered 
the  printing  trade,  for  which  he  had  shown  a 
strong  predilection.  He  was  a  printer  at  sixteen, 
a  newspaper  reporter  at  seventeen,  and  at  eighteen 
night  editor  of  the  Haverhill  "Gazette."  In  1880 
he  became  editor  of  the  Medford  "Mercury," 
and  afterward  served  on  the  Brockton  "Gazette" 
and  the  Boston  "Herald."  In  1881  he  left  news- 
paper work  for  book  publishing,  but  this  business 
was  a  failure,  and  in  1888  he  resumed  the  pro- 
fession of  journalism.  Settling  at  Kearney,  Neb., 
he  published  a  daily  paper  called  the  Kearney 
"Enterprise"  until  1*90,  when  he  became  an  edi- 
torial assistant  on  the  Omaha  "Bee,"  under 
Edward  Rosewater,  to  whom  he  suggested  a  series 
of  radical  articles  upon  the  subject  of  irrigation. 
At  that  time  it  was  regarded  almost  as  a  libel  to 
say  that  Nebraska  needed  irrigation,  and  Mr. 
Rosewater  hesitated  to  give  his  consent  to  the 
advocacy  of  irrigation,  finally  agreeing  to  the 
course  on  condition  that  the  articles  appear  over 
Mr.  Smythe  's  own  signature.  The  articles,  which 
began  in  January,  1MH,  attracted  widespread  at- 
tention and  led  to  the  organization  of  a  popular 
movement  to  obtain  irrigation  laws  and  to  interest 
farmers  and  capitalists  in  ditch-building.  Within 
three  months  he  had  succeeded  in  making  irriga- 
tion the  foremost  issue  in  Nebraska.  He  even 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  agricultural  depart- 
ment at  Washington,  which  co-operated  in  the 
effort  to  enlist  public  support.  Nebraska  now 
ranks  second  only  to  California  in  miles  of  irriga- 
tion ditches  and  the  despised  and  almost  aban- 
doned Western  counties  have  become  the  best 
portion  of  the  state.  As  a  direct  result  of  Mr. 
Smythe 's  efforts,  a  national  irrigation  congress 
was  held  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  in  September, 
1891,  and  was  attended  by  a  large  number  of  the 
most  representative  men  of  the  West.  It  declared 
in  favor  of  having  the  national  government  cede  to 
the  several  states  all  that  portion  of  the  public 
domain  more  valuable  for  agriculture  than  for 
mining,  and  representatives  from  seventeen  states 
and  territories  were  appointed  a  national  com- 
mittee, of  which  Mr.  Smythe  was  secretary.  In 
1891  he  had  started  in"  Denver,  Col.,  a  semi- 
monthly magazine  called  "The  Irrigation  Age," 
and  he  now  removed  its  office  to  Salt  Lake,  where 
he  proceeded  to  devote  his  efforts  exclusively  to 
the  advocacy  of  the  irrigation  cause.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1893,  the  second  national  irrigation  congress 


444 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


was  held  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  committee  on  resolutions,  Mr.  Smythe  wrote 
the  platform  providing  for  the  creation  of  irriga- 
tion commissions  in  seventeen  states  and  territories 
to  act  under  authority  from  the  national  irrigation 
congress  and  to  canvass  public  sentiment  with  a 
view  to  proposing  the  proper  national  legislation 
a  year  later.  He  was  elected  chairman  of  the 
national  committee,  and  as  such  was  the  official 
head  of  the  whole  body  of  state  and  territorial 
commissions.  He  was  also  delegated  to  escort 
representatives  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Eussia, 
Mrxico  and  Peru  through  the  irrigated  districts 
of  California.  In  September,  1894,  the  third 
national  irrigation  congress  was  held  in  Denver, 
Colo.,  where  a  national  commission  was  proposed 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  new  laws  governing 
the  public  domain.  Mr.  Smythe  was  re-elected 
chairman  of  the  national  committee.  He  ad- 
dressed public  meetings  in  Chicago,  Washington, 
New  York  and  Boston;  interested  eminent  men 
throughout  the  country  and  organized  in  the 
Fayette  valley  of  Idaho  a  successful  colony  called 
New  Plymouth.  The  settlement  was  begun  in  the 
summer  of  1895,  most  of  the,  colonists  being  from 
Chicago;  though  the  first  interest  was  enlisted  in 
Boston,  where  such  men  as  Edward  Everett  Hale 
and  Robert  Treat  Pnine  lent  their  aid.  Subsequent 
sessions  of  the  irrigation  congress  were  held  in 
Albuquerque,  N.  Mex.,  in  T-95;  Pho?nix,  Ariz.,  in 
1896;  Lincoln,  Neb.,  in  1897;  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  in 
1898;  Missoula,  Mont.,  in  1899;  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1900,  and  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  in  1902.  The 
first  definite  demand  for  national  appropriations 
to  reclaim  the  public  lands  was  put  forth  at  the 
Chicago  congress.  The  Newlands  act,  dedicating 
the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  public  lands  to  this 
purpose,  became  a  law  in  June,  1902.  This  first 
substantial  victory  for  the  cause  was  largely  the 
culmination  of  the  previous  eleven  years'  work, 
but  directly  it  owed  much  to  the  report  of  Capt. 
Hiram  M.  Chittenden,  United  States  engineer, 
who  had  recommended  national  reservoirs,  and  to 
the  earnest  advocacy  of  this  policy  by  Pres. 
Roosevelt  in  his  first  message.  Though  Mr.  Smythe 
declined  re-election  to  the  national  chairmanship 
in  Albuquerque  in  1S95,  he  merely  turned  his 
efforts  in  a  different  channel,  beginning  a  series 
of  magazine  articles  and  writing  nn  economic  and 
historical  work  entitled  "The  Conquest  of  Arid 
America"  (1900).  He  is  also  the  author  of 
"Constructive  Democracy"  (1906)  and  a  "His- 
tory of  San  Diego"  (1906).  Since  1901  Mr. 
Smythe  has  been  associated  with  Charles  F. 
Lummis  as  one  of  the  editors  of  "Out  West,"  a 
magazine  published  in  Los  Angeles.  Mr.  Smythe 
was  married  at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  Dec.  28,  1882,  to 
Harriet,  daughter  of  Erastus  T.  Bridge,  of  Haver 
hill,  Mass.,  and  has  two  sons  and  a  daughter. 

MERRITT,  Edwin  Atkins,  civil  engineer,  and 
politician,  was  born  at  Sudbury,  Vt.,  Feb.  26,  1828, 
son  of  Noadiah  and  Relief  (P'arker)  Merritt.  His 
earliest  paternal  American  ancestor  was  Henry 
Merritt,  who  came  from  England  before  1628, 
and  -with  others  called  the  "men  of  Kent" 
founded  the  town  of  Scituate,  Mass.  From  him 
and  his  wife  the  line  descends  through  their  son 
John  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Wyborue;  their  son 
John  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Hyland;  their  son 
Jonathan  and  his  wife  Mehitable  Daman;  their 
son  Noah  and  his  wife  (name  unknown)  ;  to  their 
son  Noah  and  his  wife  Eunice  Metcalf,  who  were 
the  grandparents  of  Edwin  Atkins  Merritt.  Noah 
Merritt,  our  subject 's  grandfather,  served  six 
years  on  the  patriot  side  of  the  Revolutionary  war. 


Four  years  of  Edwin  Merritt 's  boyhood  were  spent 
with  a  married  sister  at  Westport,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
helped  with  the  farm  work  and  attended  the  dis 
trict  schools.  In  1841  he  removed  to  St.  Lawrence 
county,  destined  to  be  his  permanent  home,  ami 
completed  his  education  at  St.  Lawrence  Academy. 
While  teaching  school  he  studied  surveying  and 
engineering,  a  profession  he  followed  for  many 
years.  He  was  the  first  to  survey  and  publish  a 
map  of  the  Adirondack  regions.  He  was  super- 
visor of  the  town  of  Pierrepont  during  1854-56,  and 
for  four  years  he  was  clerk  of  the  board  of  Super- 
visors of  St.  Lawrence  county.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  Assembly,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1860.  He  enlisted  for  the  civil  war,  and  as  Quarter- 
master of  the  16th  New  York  volunteers,  served  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  participating  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Gettysburg  and  Chattanooga  and  in  Sher- 
man's march  to  the  sea.  He  was  promoted  to  Com- 
missary of  Subsistence  with  the  rank  of  Captain. 
While  at  the  front  he  wrote  for  the  St.  Lawrence 
"Plain  Dealer"  and  the  Ogdensburg  "Journal," 
under  the  nom  de  plume  of  "Ajax".  He  was 
Quartermaster  General  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  Fen- 
ton  during  1865-69;  Superintendent  of  the  Sol- 
diers' Home,  New  York  city;  a  member  of  the 
Xew  York  state  Constitutional  Conventions  of  1867 
and  1868,  and  Naval  Officer  of  the  port  of  New 
York  in  1869-77,  during  which  period  he  increased 
his  reputation  for  executive  ability.  In  1877  he 
was  appointed  by  Pres.  Hayes  Surveyor  of  the 
Port  of  New  York,  and  his  administration  was  so 
successful  that  the  President  appointed  him  Col- 
lector of  the  Port  of  New  York,  in  1878.  In  1881 
Pres.  Garfield  appointed  Gen.  Merritt  Consul-gen- 
eral in  London  and  he  continued  to  serve  in  that 
capacity  until  1885.  His  home  was  at  Potsdam, 
N.  Y.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Potsdam  State  Normal  and  Training  School 
and  of  St.  Lawrence  University,  and  member  of 
the  board  of  Thomas  I.  Clarkson  Memorial  School. 
Gen.  Merritt  was  a  type  of  the  best  citizenship  of 
America,  an  exponent  of  the  principles  and  aspira- 
tions that  have  been  the  formative  influence  in 
the  development  of  the  country.  His  early  years 
were  influenced  by  the  political  ag  well  as  the  ma- 
terial conditions  of  the  country,  the  question  of 
slavery  being  paramount  in  one  phase  or  another. 
He  was  an  ardent  lover  of  liberty  and  a  foe  to 
wrong  as  he  saw  it.  His  mind  was  keen  and  able, 
and  its  grasp  large,  and  he  profited  by  all  the 
opportunities  offered  to  become  educated  in  the 
real  sense,  that  is  to  acquire  knowledge  and  apply 
it  intelligently  to  the  uses  of  life.  He  was  known 
for  his  great  public  spirit.  He  was  married  at 
Pierrepont,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1858,  to  Eliza,  daughter 
of  Caleb  Rich,  of  Canton,  N.  Y.  She  died  in 
1912,  leaving  one  son,  Edwin  Albert  Merritt  (see 
below).  Gen.  Merritt  died  at  Potsdam,  X.  Y.,  Dec. 
26,  1916. 

MERRITT,  Edwin  Albert,  congressman,  was 
born  at  Pierpont,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
25,  1860,  son  of  Edwin  Atkins  Merritt  (above). 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale  University  in  1884.  In 
1886  he  was  Deputy  consul-general  to  his  father 
in  London,  ami  upon  his  return  studied  law  at 
Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Abram 
X.  Parker  and  James  G.  Mclntyre.  Opening  a 
law  office  in  Potsdam,  he  began  a  practice  which 
he  continued  until  his  death,  although  the  last 
ten  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  largely  to 
political  activities  and  his  financial  and  industrial 
interests.  In  addition  to  his  law  business  he  was 
the  principal  owner  and  general  manager  of  the 
Potsdam  Red  Sandstone  Co.;  projector  of  the 


EDWIX  ATKIXS  MERRITT 


!-:i)\YIX  ALBERT  MERRITT 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


44ij 


Potsdam  Electric  Light  &  Power  Co.;  a  principal 
in  the  inception  of  the  Hannawa  Falls  Water 
Power  Co.,  and  the  principal  organizer  of  the 
Northern  Power  Co.,  which  became  the  leading 
source  of  hydro-electro  power  in  northern  New 
York.  It  wag  in  the  political  arena,  Im7ever,  that 
he  became  a  figure  in  national  life.  The  first 
office  he  held  was  Supervisor  of  Potsdam  (1896- 
1903).  An  early  advocate  of  good  roads,  he  was 
chairman  of  the  state  good  roads  gathering  at 
Albany  in  1902,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State 
House"  of  Representatives  from  1902  to  1912.  He 
quickly  showed  that  he  was  a  master  of  politics, 
and  his  achievements  and  manner  during  his  eleven 
yeara  of  continuous  service  in  the  assembly  earned 
for  him  the  old  title  of  ''political  warhorse. " 
During  his  first  year  of  service  at  Albany  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  committee  on  fish  and 
game;  was  a  member  of  the  committees  on  insur- 
ance, general  laws,  trades  and  transportation  in 
1903,  and  subsequently  became  Chairman  of  the 
committees  on  insurance,  general  laws,  canals, 
agriculture,  rules,  ways  and  means,  and  practically 
every  other  committee  of  importance  profited  by 
the  wisdom  of  his  counsel.  He  practically  framed 
the  bill  which  regulated  gas  and  electric  light 
companies,  steam  and  electric  roads,  and  which 
created  the  public  service  commissions,  one  of  the 
important  reforms  during  the  administration  of 
Gov.  Hughes.  In  1908  he  became  floor  leader  of 
his  party,  and  in  1912  was  speaker  of  the  As- 
sembly. In  1912  he  was  elected  to  the  national 
house  of  representatives  to  fill  out  an  unexpired 
term,  and  re-elected  for  the  full  term  in  1913. 
During  his  first  term  in  the  house  of  representa- 
tives he  was  appointed  to  the  committee  on  rules, 
an  honor  accorded  but  few  congressmen  during  their 
initial  term.  Impaired  health  necessitated  his  ab- 
sence from  Washington  during  much  of  this  period. 
He  was  president  of  the  Racquette  Valley  and  St. 
Regis  Valley  Agricultural  Society,  of  the  Potsdam 
Club,  and  of  the  old  Potsdam  board  of  trade; 
vice-president  of  the  League  of  Republican  Clubs 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  a  member  also  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  County  Bar  Association,  New 
York  State  Bar  Association,  Albany  Club  of  Al- 
bany, Century  Club  of  Ogdensburg,  Black  River 
Valley  Club  of  Watertown,  and  was  a  thirty-second 
degree  Mason.  Of  big,  genial  nature,  warm  of 
heart,  he  was  frequently  compared  to  ex-President 
Taft  and  carried  something  of  the  Ohioan's  man- 
ner and  presence.  He  had  few  equals  as  a  ra- 
conteur, and  was  known  affectionately  to  his 
political  associates  as  "The  Big  Moose  from  St. 
Lawrence."  Throughout  his  entire  public  career 
he  impressed  himself  upon  the  life  and  institu- 
tions of  the  state  in  a  manner  alike  creditable  to 
himself  and  productive  of  lasting  benefit  to  the 
Empire  State.  He  was  married  Jan.  24,  1888,  to 
Edith  S.,  daughter  of  Edward  H.  Wilcox  of  Pots- 
dam, N.  Y. ;  she  survives  him  with  one  daughter, 
Esther  Mary.  He  died  at  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
4,  1914. 

EDWARDS,  Daniel  Mann,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, realty  operator,  soldier,  was  born  at  Lincoln, 
Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  Jan.  28,  1844,  son  of  Azariah 
and  Catherine  (Mann)  Edwards.  His  earliest  pa- 
ternal American  ancestor  was  Rice  Edwards,  who 
came  probably  from  South  Wales,  Great  Britain, 
in  1642,  and  settled  at  Salem.  Mass.  From  him 
""^  his  wife  Joan  the  line  of  descent  is  traced 
•h  their  son  John  and  his  wife  Marv  Solart ; 
their  son  John  and  his  wife  Annah  Dodge;  their 
son  John  and  his  wife  Abigail  Hooper;  their  son 
John  and  his  wife  Hannah  Woodberry,  to  their 


son  Azariah  and  his  wife  Nabby  Smith,  who  wert 
the  grandparents  of  Daniel  Mann  Edwards.  Rice 
Edwards,  pilgrim,  and  his  descendants  for  the  next 
two  generations  were  Massachusetts  Bay  planters 
in  the  North  Shore  town  of  Wenham,  where  they 
were  large  land-holders.  John  Edwards  (IV)  re- 
moved to  Manchester-by-the-Sea,  Mass.,  and  be- 
came a  sea  captain,  was  surveyor  of  highways, 
school  eommitteeman,  and  member  of  the  committee 
of  correspondence  in  pre-revolutionary  days.  John 
Edwards  (V)  was  sea  captain  and  ship  master, 
as  was  his  son  Azariah  (VI),  who  after  the  war 
of  1M2  settled  on  a  farm  at  Monroe,  Me.  The 
North  Shore  Edwards  family  was  allied  by  mar- 
riage with  many  of  the  most  notable  colonial 
families  of  Manchester  and  Beverly.  For  more 
than  a  century  members  of  the  Woodberry  family 
held  the  principal  civil  offices  and  were  representa- 
tives to  the  general  court.  On  the  maternal  side 
the  subject  is  descended  from  the  Hamblens,  of 
Barnstable,  of  "Mayflower"  fame  and  royal  line- 
age. Through  Deacon  John  Dunham  of  Scrooby, 
England,  and  his  mother,  Margaret  de  Stafford, 
they  descend  through  Nevilles,  De  Burghs,  De  la 
Zouches,  de  Staffords,  Beauchamps  and  Clares  from 
John  of  Gaunt,  third  son  of  King  Edward  III. 
Azariah  Edwards,  father  of  the  subject,  was  a 
pioneer  settler  at  Lincoln,  Peuobscot  co.,  Me., 
where  from  the  wilderness  he  won  a  large  and 
prosperous  farm,  and  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace;  his  wife  acquired  considerable  local  repu- 
tation as  a  writer.  Daniel  Mann  Edwards  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  and 
at  Lincoln  Academy.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
college  of  medicine  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1867  with  the  degree  M.D,  He  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  in 
1869,  continuing  until  1888,  when  deafness  obliged 
him  to  relinquish  active  practice.  He  then  be- 
came occupied  with  the  care  and  rental  of  con- 
siderable real  estate  holdings,  including  the  St. 
James  Hotel,  Woonsocket.  In  1863  he  enlisted  as 
[private  in  the  1st  battery,  Maine  heavy  volunteer 
artillery,  serving  in  Co.  A  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  participating  in  many  of  the  principal 
battles  ami  engagements  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, including  Spottsylvauia.  He  formerly  served 
as  a  trustee  of  Woonsocket  public  library;  was  the 
first  vice-president  of  the  New  England  Associa- 
tion of  Alumni  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and 
was  an  organizer  of  the  Cumberland  Golf  Club, 
Woonsocket.  His  political  affiliation  was  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  found  his  chief  recreation 
in  golf,  reading  and  travel.  He  was  a  man  of 
artistic  taste,  and  he  was  owner  of  a  splendid  col- 
lection of  oil  paintings  and  ceramics,  gathered  both 
abroad  and  at  home.  He  was  also  a  forceful 
writer  and  author  of  a  volume  of  poems.  He  was 
married  at  Woonsoeket,  R.  I.,  Jan.  26,  1870,  to 
Laura,  daughter  of  Ariel  Ballon,  physician,  surgeon 
and  statesman  of  Woonsocket ;  they  had  three  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  survive:  Ariel  Ballou,  manager 
St.  James  Hotel,  Woousocket;  Edith  Edwards 
(q.v.)  and  Daniel  Mann,  2d,  an  architect.  Mrs. 
Edwards  died  June  24,  1918,  and  Mr.  Edwards 
died  at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  June  6,  1919. 

CTTA.CE,  Arnold  Buffum,  manufacturer,  was 
born  at  Valley  Falls,  R.  I.,  Nov.  10,  1845,  sou  of 
Samuel  Bullington  and  Elizabeth  (Buffum)  Chace. 
His  ancestors  on  both  sides  for  several  generations 
belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  Oliver  Chace,  was  one  of  the  earliest 
cotton  manufacturers  of  this  country.  His  mater- 
nal grandfather,  Arnold  Buffum,  "was  the  first 
president  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery  Society. 


446  THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 

His  mother,  Elizabeth  Buffum,  a  woman  of  strong    prestige     or     previous    participation     in    politics, 
character,  was  actively  interested  in  various  social    Pres.   Wilson  appointed  him   governor  of   Hawaii 
reforms.     She  developed  a  marked  literary  ability,    for    the    term    1913-17.     During    his    administra 
and  her  many  newspaper  articles  on  reform  sub-    tion  he  made  such  preparations  for  national   de- 
jects attracted  much  attention.    Arnold  B.  Chace's    fense  that  today  the  territory  of  Hawaii  by   its 
father,  like   his  father  before  him,  was   a  manu-    national     guard     stands    second    in    the     United 
faeturor   of  cotton  cloth.     The  sou  was  prepared    States,    both    iu    numbers    and    appropriation    by 
for  college  mainly  by  private  tutors,  and  was  grad-    congress    for    its    support,    only    being    exceeded 
uated  at  Brown  University  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,    by    the    state   of   New   York.      Realizing   the   ex- 
giving  the  Latin  salutatory  in  1.8(36.     Three  years    posed  position   of   the   islands,   he  worked  closely 
later  "lie  received  the  degree  of  M.A.  and  in  189:2    and    almost    aggressively    with    the    commanding 
that   of   Sc.D.  from  the  same  institution.     After    generals    of    the     Hawaiian    department    of    the 
leaving  Brown  University  he  studied  chemistry  in    regular    army    so    that    at    the    earliest    possible 
the  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  Cambridge,  Mass.,    moment  the  position  of  the  United  States  in  the 
for  a  year,  and  in  1867  went  to  Paris  to  continue    mid-Pacific     ocean    may    be    made     impregnable, 
his  studies  in  chemistry  in  the  Ecole  de  Medicine,    After  serving  as  governor  for  four  years  and  seven 
in  the  laboratory  of  Prof.  \Vurtz.    After  travelling    months  he  voluntarily  resigned  from  the  governor- 
for  six  mnnths'he  returned  to  take  a  position  as    ship  June  "-.  1018,  recommending  that  Charles  J. 
instructor  in  chemistry  in  Brown  University  in  the    McCarty   be   named    as   his    successor,   which   was 
autumn   of  IMIS.     During  the  winter  and  spring    done.     He  is  a  member  of  the  B.   P.   O.   E.  and 
of  the  following  year  he  studied  biology  at  Cam-    the  Pacific,  Country,  and  Commercial  clubs, 
bridge  in  Prof.  Agassiz'  museum.     In  the  spring        BRANSBY.    Carlos,    educator,    vcas    born    in 
of  I860  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of  the  Valley    Bogota,    Colombia,   S.    A.,   Aug.   7,    1848,    son    of 
Falls  Co.     He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Brown  Uni-    John    and    Ana    (Gomez)    Bransby.      His   father, 
versity  in  1*76;   in  1882  he  was  made  treasurer,    a  native   of   England,  was   an   educator   and   lin- 
and   served   thus  until   1001,  when  he   declined   a    guist,    and    for  "a    decade   held   important    offices 
re-election;  in  1007  he  was  elected  chancellor  and    under  the  Colombian  government.    Carlos  Bransby 
has  so  continued  by  re-election  until  the  present    was  educated  in  Spanish,  in   Bogota,   at  the  ele- 
time    (1916).     Mr.   Chace  is  deeply  interested   in    mentary    school    of    the    Dominican    fathers,    the 
chemistry  and  mathematics,  especially  in  that  por-    Colegio   del  Rosario,  Colegio   de  Santo   Tomas  de 
tion   of    the   latter   science   relating   to   its   philo-    Aquino   and  the   Colegio   de   San   Bartnlome,   and 
sophical   basis.      In   1912   he   attended   the   Inter-    in    English    at    the    New    Jersey    State    Normal 
national    Mathematical    Congress    at    Cambridge,    School,'  Trenton:    at   Lafayette   College,    class   of 
Eng.    With  his  wife  he  spent  the  winter  and  spring    1875,   and  at   Union   Theological   Seminary,    New 
of  "l910  travelling  in  Egypt,  Greece  and  Turkey,    York,    where    he   graduated    in    1877.      Lafayette 
and  two  years  later,  while  at  the  British  Museum,    gave  him  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  course,  in  1883, 
bought  copies  of   several  papyri  preserved  there,    and    from   that   institution   also    he    received   the 
He  and  his  wife  translated  the  Rhind  mathematical    honorary    degree    of    Litt.D.,    in    1903.      At    six- 
papyrus,  which  is  to  be  placed  in  the  library  of    teen  he  had  been  a  teacher  in  Bogota,  and  upon 
Brown  University.     Mr.  Chace  is  a  fellow  of  the    attaining    his    majority    was    appointed    by    Gen. 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Sci-    Hurlbut,    then    U.    S.    minister    to    Colombia,    as 
ence  and  a  member  of  the  American  Mathematical   special    messenger    to     take     to     Washington    a 
Society.     He  was  married,  Oct.  24,  1871,  to  Eliza   treaty   which   he   had   made   with    the    Colombian 
Chace"  Greene,  daughter  of  Christopher  Greene,  an   government   regarding   the   building   of   the   Pan- 
armv  officer  and  teacher  of  Providence,  R.  I.;  their    ama  Canal.     This   duty  he  faithfully   discharged, 
children  are:     Arnold  Buffum,  Jr.,  banker;   Mai-   but   the  treaty   did  not   receive   the   approval   of 
colm     Greene,    water    power    developer;     Edward   the    American    senate.      In    1877-78    he    was    on 
Gould,  cotton  manufacturer;  and  Margaret  Chace,   the    lecture    platform   in   Pennsylvania.      In     the 
wife  of  Russell  S.  Rowland,  M.D.,  of  Detroit,  Mieh.    latter  year  he  began,  at  De  Sato,  Mo.,  the  work 
PINKHAM,   Lucius  Eugene,   territorial   gov-    of    the   Presbyterian    ministry;    was   ordained    in 
ernor    of    Hawaii,    was    born    at    Chicopee    Falls,    1879,    and    until    1887    was    pastor    in    Missouri, 
Mass      Sept     30     1S.30,    son    of    Lucius    Moulton    Kansas  and   California.     His  career   as   educator 
and  Caroline  Smith  (Fiske)  Pinkham.    His  father    in  the  United  States  began   at   the  Ladies'   Col- 
was     a     cotton     mill     proprietor     and     manufac-    lege,  Los  Angeles,  in   1887,  and  he  was  a  mem 
turer       He   was    educated   in   the   public    schools    her    of    the    faculty    of    Occidental    College,    Los 
of    Hartford    and   was    prevented    from    entering    Angeles,    in    1889-92,    and    of    the    Los    Angeles 
college  by  an  accident,  but  continued  his  studies    high    school    in    1893-1901.     In    the    latter    year 
under    private    tutors.      His    business    career    be-    he  joined  the  faculty   of  the  University  of   Cal- 
can  in  1873,  and  has  carried  him  well  over  the    ifornia,    Berkeley,   and   has   ever  since   been    sue- 
world  in  varied  interests,  chiefly  mercantile   and    cessively    instructor    and    assistant    professor    m 
industrial    in   New   England,   Chicago,   the   West,    the  department  of  Romance  languages  at  that  m- 
the   Hawaiian   Islands  and  the  Orient,   one  quite    stitution.     He  is  a  life  member  of  the  American 
notable   being  the   development   of   coal   handling    Association   of   Teachers   of    Spanish;    a   member- 
machinery,    and    his   connection   with    the    better-    of    the    Philological    Association    of    the    Pacific 
ment    of    Filipinos    by    widening    their    opportu-    Coast,    and    of    Delta   Kappa   Epsilon   fraternity, 
nities.     As  president   of   the  board   of   health   of    and    formerly    held    membership    m    the    Amer- 
the  territory  of  Hawaii  for  four  years  (1904-08),    ican    Association    for    the    Advancement    of    Bci- 
his   uplift   of   the,   surroundings   of   the   lepers   at    ence   and   the    National    Educational    Association, 
the   Molukai   settlement  was  notable  and   marked    He  is  translator    (into   Spanish)    of  Byles 
a    great    advance    in    their    social    and    physical    pository     Thoughts     on    the     Gospels        (3    vols 
treatment.       In    handling     effectively     and     most    1875-77)  ;'' The  Bible  Text  Book   '    (1890),  and 
economically     bubonic     plague     and"  cholera     he    of     Van    Dyke's    "Story    of     the    Other    Wise 
earaed    distinction,   while   the   financial   economies    Man"     (Madrid,     1904)      which     translation 
he   introduced  in   health   matters  gave   him  wide-    considered    a    classic        He    collaborated    in    the 
spread    reputation.      Although    without    political   compilation  and  publication  of  the  first  Spams! 


II  \\II-.I.   M.   I;.l  AVAKliS 
1'IIYSKIAX   AXI)  SURGEON 


ARXOLD  I?.  CHACE 
MANUFACTURER 


LUCK'S  1-.  PIXKII  \\l 

(,<  iVKKNoK   OF    HAWAII 


CARLOS  BRAXSI'.V 
EDUCATOR 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


447 


hvmn-hook  issued  by  the  American  Tract  So- 
ciety, and  if  editor  of  the  ' '  Second  Spanish 
Book  of  the  Worman  Series"  (American  Bonk 
Co..  188S)  ;  "The  Progressive  Spanish  Reader" 
(D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.,  1907);  Avellaneda's  "Bal- 
tasar"  (1008);  Fernan  Caballero  's  "Un  Ser- 
vilon  y  un  Liberalito "  (1909),  etc.  His  text- 
hooks  are  extensively  used  in  high  schools,  col- 
leges and  universities  in  the  teaching  of  the 
Spanish  language.  He  has  also  written,  in  both 
English  and  Spanish,  for  American  and  foreign 
journals  and  reviews,  and  has  done  much  tn 
promote  the  study  of  Spanish  in  California. 
He  is  considered  a  fine  Spanish  scholar,  and 
even  as  a  student  was  distinguished  for  his  in- 
dustry, excelling  particularly  in  linguistic  stud- 
ies, writing  and  public  speaking.  As  an  edu- 
cator he  is  known  for  his  good  discipline,  faith- 
fulness and  thoroughness  and  his  ability  to  in- 
spire his  students  with  enthusiasm  for  the  study 
at  hand.  A  lover  of  nature,  he  finds  his  chief 
recreation  in  walking  and  in  out-of-doors  life. 
He  was  married  May  17,  191S,  to  May  C.,  daughter 
of  the  late  Rev.  Charles  E.  Burns,  D.D. 

BALL,  Spencer  Fairfax,  publisher,  realty  oper- 
ator, and  civic  and  welfare  worker,  w.-is  born  at 
Terre  Haute,  Incl.,  Sept.  10,  1*56,  son  of  William 
J.  and  Julia  (Creighton)  Ball,  and  member  of  a 
distinguished  family  of  colonial  Virginia.  Wil- 
liam Creighton,  his  maternal  grandfather,  was 
member  of  congress  from  Ohio.  William  J.  Ball, 
father  of  the  subject  and  a  civil  engineer,  settled 
in  Vigo  county,  Ind.,  in  1*40,  and  was  chief  en- 
gineer in  the  construction  of  many  early  railroads 
and  canals  of  that  section.  Spencer  F.  Ball  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  Terre  Haute,  and  began  his  wage-earn- 
ing career  as  a  newspaper  carrier,  subsequently 
becoming  bookkeeper  in  the  offices  of  the  Terre 
Haute  "Gazette."  In  1874  he  became  associated 
with  his  brother,  William  C.  Ball,  in  the  ownership 
of  this  newspaper,  continuing  in  that  relation  until 
1904.  Thereafter  he  devoted  himself  to  real  estate 
and  financial  enterprises,  but  gave  the  major  por- 
tion of  his  time  and  e:iertry  to  movements  for  civic 
improvement  and  betterment,  and  for  commercial 
development  of  his  native  city.  He  was  identified 
with  large  financial  institutions  and  productive 
manufacturing  and  business  concerns,  and  member 
of  the  finance  committee  of  the  Terre  Haute  Sav- 
ings Bank.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the  Commer- 
cial Club,  now  the  Terre  Haute  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  for  several  years  its  president;  was  an 
organizer  and  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Busi- 
ness Club,  also  merged  with  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; was  president  of  the  Civic  League;  was 
Terre  Haute 's  representative  in  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  the  United  States,  attending  the 
1917  war  council  of  the  latter  organization,  at 
Atlantic  City;  represented  Terre  Haute  in  other 
state  and  national  conventions  of  commercial  or- 
ganizations, on  which  he  served  as  officer  or  as 
member  of  important  committees.  He  was  an  en- 
thusiastic worker  for  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  to  whose  war  work  movement  he  de- 
voted his  service  up  to  the  moment  of  his  death. 
In  national  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  an 
enthusiastic  admirer  of  Pres.  Wilson.  He  was 
a  patron  of  music,  art  and  literature,  and,  himself 
a  lover  of  travel,  he  early  caught  the  spirit  of  the 
' '  See  America  First ' '  movement.  For  two  score 
years  he  had  been  active  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Terre  Haute  Literary  Club.  He  was  married  at 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  Feb.  9,  1892,  to  Susan,  daugh- 
ter of  John  S.  Beach,  a  banker,  of  Terre  Haute. 


She  survives  him.     He  died  at  Terre  Haute,  Nov. 
0,  1917. 

McDONALD,  William  C.,  first  governor  of 
New  Mexico,  was  born  at  Jordanville,  N.  Y.,  July 
25,  1858,  son  of  John  and  Lydia  Marshall  (Biggs) 
McDonald.  His  grandfather,  Alexander  McDonald, 
a  native  of  Scotland,  came  to  America  about  isnu 
and  settled  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Herkimer 
county,  N.  Y.,  and  at  Cazeuovia  Seminary,  Cazeno- 
via,  N.  Y.  While  obtaining  his  education  he 
taught  school  and  studied  law.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Fort  Scott,  Kan.,  wheie  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  in  the  same  year  he  removed  to  New 
Mexico  and  became  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store 
at  White  Oaks.  He  received  the  appointment  of 
U.  S.  deputy  mineral  surveyor  for  New  Mexico 
in  18S1,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1890. 
During  the  same  period  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
civil  and  mining  engineering,  having  made  a 
thorough  study  of  both  branches.  In  1*90  he  be- 
came interested  in  the  cattle  business,  and  since 
then  has  made  a  specialty  of  stock  raising.  He 
had  been  manager  of  the  Carrizozo  Cattle  Ranch 
Co.  since  1*90,  and  was  likewise  in  control  of  El 
I'apitan  Live  Stock  Company,  one  of  the  largest 
cattle  companies  in  the  state.  His  interests  in 
the  cattle  business  grew  and  expanded  until  he 
was  rated  one  of  the  great  cattle  barons  of  the 
southwest.  Mr.  McDonald  was  assessor  of  Lincoln 
county  in  l**'.~>-*7;  member  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives of  New  Mexico  in  1*91;  chairman  of  the 
board  of  county  commissioners  of  Lincoln  county 
in  1895  97 ;  member  New  Mexico  Cattle  Sanitary 
Board  in  1905-11,  and  chairman  of  the  Democratic 
territorial  central  committee  in  1910.  Throughout 
that  period,  however,  he  refrained  from  seeking 
political  office,  although  he  was  always  a  keen 
student  of  political  affairs,  was  well  posted  in 
local,  state  and  national  matters,  and  had  given 
careful  study  to  important  public  questions.  Con- 
^equently  when  called  in  1911  to  the  position  of 
i-hief  executive  of  his  adopted  state,  though  he 
never  sought  the  honor,  he  was  singularly  well 
equipped  for  such  a  responsible  office.  The  Demo- 
cratic convention  urged,  argued  and  pleaded  up  to 
the  last  moment  before  he  consented  to  accept  the 
nomination.  Prior  to  statehood  New  Mexico  had 
been  solidly  intrenched  in  the  Republican  column 
for  nearly  twenty  years,  and  it  was  necessary, 
therefore,  for  the  Democrats  to  head  their  ticket 
with  a  man  of  high  character  and  intelligence, 
(dean  public  and  private  reputation,  financial  in- 
dependence and  business  sagacity  and  ability. 
They  found  him  in  Mr.  McDonald.  He  paid  his 
own  campaign  expenses,  made  no  political  promises, 
and  entered  office  absolutely  unfettered  by  obliga- 
tions. The  launching  of  statehood  meant  a 
veritable  reconstruction  period  in  governmental 
affairs,  and  Gov.  McDonald  met  each  question  with 
careful  and  deliberate  consideration.  Although 
two-thirds  of  the  first  state  legislature  was  Repub 
lii-an,  it  did  not  succeed  in  putting  a  single  meas- 
ure over  his  veto.  Repeated  attempts  were  made 
to  pass  a  county  salary  bill,  palpably  obnoxious  to 
the  i\e,utive,  over  his  veto,  but  without  success. 
He  took  a  deep  interest  in  th?  welfare  and  ad- 
vnrement  of  tin-  public  schools  and  a  relentless 
s:and  against  corrupt  public  officials,  stating  in 
public  addresses  that  it  should  be  his  ceaseless 
effort  to  send  dishonest  officials  to  the  penitentiary 
and  oust  the  inefficient  ones.  He  was  also  thick  in 
the  battle  for  the  equalization  of  taxes,  and  the 
running  down  of  professional  tax  dodgers.  Irriga- 
tion plans  and  laud  development  projects  were  care- 


448 


TKE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


fully  scrutinized  in  a  determination  to  guard  the 
prospective  investor,  and  to  nip  in  the  bud  fraudu- 
lent enterprises.  He  had  great  faith  in  the  g->od 
sense  of  the  people  as  a  whole.  His  office  was 
constantly  open  to  all  classes  of  citizens,  as  he 
preferred  to  secure  information  and  ideas  first 
hand,  rather  than  through  representatives  uf  po- 
litical agencies.  He  visited  the  various  communi- 
ties of  the  state,  came  in  direct  co  tact  with  tax 
payers  and  home-builders,  learned  thrir  needs  and 
plans,  and  listened  to  their  complaints.  He  was 
charged  with  disrupting  his  party,  Imt  he  main- 
tained that  lie  was  a  consistent  IV-mocrat,  and  that 
he  was  looking  after  the  interests  of  the  people  in 
general.  He  lived  on  his  ranch  near  Carrizozo, 
N.  M.  He  was  married  at  Las  Vegas,  X.  M., 
Aug.  31,  1891,  to  Frances  .lane  McCnurt,  daughter 
of  George  D.  Garhill,  and  had  one  child,  Frances 
McDonald.  He  died  at  El  Paso,  Tex.,  Apr.  11, 
1918. 

ADREON,  Edward  Lawrence,  manufacturer 
and  capitalist,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Dec. 
23,  1847,  son  of  Stephen  W.  and  Emily  Gates 
(Learned)  Adreon,  and  of  French  and  German 
descent.  His  father  was  a  physician  and  surgeon. 
Edward  Lawrence  Adreon  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  city  and  at  Wymaii 
University,  St.  Louis.  In  1865  "he  became  a  clerk 
in  the  office  of  the  city  comptroller,  St.  Louis.  He 
himself  was  elected  to  that  office  for  a  four-year 
term  in  1877,  and  re-elected  in  1881.  Upon  the 
expiration  of  his  second  term  he  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  the  American  Brake  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
locomotive  brakes,  and  during  1887-1910  was  vice- 
president  and  general  manager  of  this-  company, 
remaining  first  vice-president  until  his  death.  He 
was  also  southwestern  manager,  with  headquarters 
in  St.  Louis,  of  the  Westinghouse  Air  Brake  Co., 
and  the  Westinghouse  Traction  Brake  Co.;  secre 
tary  and  treasurer  of  the  Westinghouse  Automatic 
Air  &  Steam  Coupler  Co. ;  president  of  the  Emery 
Pneumatic  Lubricator  Co.;  vice-president  of  the 
Broadway  Savings  Trust  Co.,  St.  Louis,  and  a  di- 
rector in"  the  National  Brake  &  Electric  Co.,  Mil- 
waukee, and  in  the  Adreon  Manufacturing  Co.,  St. 
Louis,  railroad  supplies.  He  was  president  of  the 
Railway  Supply  Manufacturers'  Association;  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  Eailway  Business 
Association;  member  of  the  committee  on  transpor- 
tation of  the  Business  Men's  League,  St.  Louis; 
vice-president  of  the  Latin-American  and  Foreign 
Trade  Club,  president  of  the  Missouri  Society,  Sons 
of  the  American  Revolution,  and  member  of  the 
Manufacturers'  Association,  Civic  League  and  the 
Trans-Mississippi  Commercial  Congress,  Fall  Fes- 
tivities Association,  of  St.  Louis;  The  Airbrake 
Association;  Association  of  Veteran  Employees  of 
the  Westinghouse  Airbrake  Co.;  Legion  of  Honor; 
Ancient  Order  United  Workmen;  Masonic  frater- 
nity; Adirondack  League,  of  New  York  state,  and 
of  the  St.  Louis,  St.  Louis  Republican,  Mercantile, 
Noonday,  Masonic,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  Aero  of  St. 
Louis,  and  Missouii  Athletic  clubs,  St.  Louis.  His 
political  affiliation  was  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  he  was  a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal church.  He  found  his  chief  recreation  in 
hunting  and  fishing.  His  manifold  energy  and 
almost  ceaseless  activity  brought  success  to  every 
enterprise  he  touched.  He  was  married  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Dec.  23,  1871,  to  Josephine  L.,  daugh- 
ter of  William  P.  Young,  a  native  of  Allengany, 
Pa.  She  died  in  1911.  One  son  survives;  Robert 
Enos  Adreon,  vice-president  and  general  manager 
of  the  American  Brake  Co.  and  the  Westinghouse 
Automatic  Air  &  Steam  Coupler  Co.,  and  a  direc- 


tor in  the  Emery  Pneumatic  Lubricating  Co.     He 
.lied  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Dec.  29,  1913. 

SMITH,  Kobert  Henry,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Lower  Chanceford  township,  Pa.,  Dec.  1,  1845, 
son  of  Robert  and  Sarah  Ross  (Manifold)  Smith, 
and  grandson  of  James  Smith,  who  served  as 
captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  On  both  sides  his 
ancestors,  who  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and 
settled  in  York  county,  Pa.,  fought  in  the  war  of 
the  revolution.  Robert  Smith,  father  of  the  sub- 
ject, was  farmer  and  merchant,  and  took  an  active 
interest  in  public  and  political  affairs.  Robert 
Henry  Smith  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  academies  of  Y_prk  coun- 
ty. At  nineteen  he  enlisted  for  one  hundred  days' 
service  in  the  civil  war  as  private  in  the  194th 
regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry.  He 
was  graduated  at  Lafayette  College  in  18b'7  with 
tho  degree  A.B.,  receiving  the  degree  A.M.  from 
that  institution  in  1870.  Meanwhile,  in  1862,  he 
taught  for  one  term  in  the  York  county  schools, 
and  after  graduating  from  college  taught  for  a 
year  in  a  local  academy.  His  original  intention 
was  to  study  medicine,  but  he  received  no  en- 
couragement and  decided  upon  the  law.  There 
were  no  law  schools  in  the  Baltimore  of  that  day, 
but  he  went  to  that  city  ami  studied  under  the 
preeeptorship  of  Sebastian  Brown.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Maryland  in  1870  and  at 
once  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  as  a 
partner  of  his  preceptor,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Brown  &  Smith.  He  made  a  special  study  of  ad- 
miralt.  law.  During  1900-10  he  was  professor  of 
admiralty,  federal  procedure  and  legal  ethics  in 
Baltimore  Law  School.  Politically  he  was  a  Re- 
publican, and  was  a  candidate  for  congress  in 
1894.  In  1893  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
court  house  commission  which  built  the  present 
$3,000,000  structure  in  Baltimore.  For  years  he 
was  a  member  and  from  1907  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  MeDonogh  School,  and 
from  1904  was  a  trustee  of  Tome  Institute,  Port 
Deposit,  Md.  In  1896  he  was  president  of  the 
board  of  supervisors  of  election  for  Baltimore. 
Aside  from  his  professional  activities  his  reputa- 
tion for  business  acumen,  fine  discernment  and  ab- 
solute integrity,  called  him  to  the  directorate  of 
various  financial  institutions.  At  his  death  he 
was  a  director  in  the  Third  National  Bank, 
American  Bonding  Co.,  Title  Guaranty  &  Trust 
Co.,  and  Mortgage  Guaranty  Co.,  all  of  Baltimore. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  law  associations,  of 
Zeta  Psi  fraternity,  and  of  the  University  Club, 
Baltimore.  He  was  a  communicant  o'f  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  for  forty-seven  years  the 
superintendent  of  its  Sunday  school.  He  found 
his  chief  recreation  in  golf.  Ho  was  a  man  of 
action,  of  large  initiative,  and  of  honest,  whole- 
hearted, unselfish  service,  and  yet  was  possessed  of 
that  sense  of  proportion  that  made  him  always 
practical  and  of  necessity  useful.  To  an  active 
and  efficient  participation  in  all  that  tended  to 
promote  the  common  welfare  of  Baltimore,  he 
brought  the  same  inspiring  confidence  that  distin- 
guished him  in  his  chosen  field  of  endeavor.  The 
reputation  for  uprightness  and  integrity  in  the 
practice  of  the  learned  profession  which  he  so 
highly  honored  was  but  the  manifestation  of  these 
qualities  that  endeared  him  to  his  fellow  men.  He 
was  married  Apr.  23,  1S73,  to  Helen  A.,  daughter 
of  Samuel  M.  Alford,  a  merchant  of  New  York 
city;  she  survives  him,  with  one  child:  Helen,  now 
the  wife  of  Dr.  Henry  Janney  Walton,  Baltimore. 
He  died  at  Chanceford,  York  co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  9, 
1917. 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


449 


KOBINSON,  Myron  Wilber,  merchant,  was 
burn  in  New  York  city,  Aug.  11,  1881,  son  of  John 
Murclock  and  Carrie  E.  (Hull)  Roliinson.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York  and 
at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  and  this  education 
was  supplemented  by  courses  in  the  Columbia 
School  of  Mines  and  the  Yale  Law  School.  He, 
however,  did  not  enter  the  legal  profession,  but 
began  his  business  career  in  the  real  estate  and  in- 
surance business.  His  father  having  been  identi- 
fied with  the  American  Grass  Twine  Co.,  Mr. 
Robinson  became  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager upon  its  reorganization  in  190s  as  the  Crex 
Carpet  Co.  The  origin  of  the  business  dates  back 
to  1892,  when  machinery  was  invented  by  Lowrey 
to  weave  into  mattings  the  tall  marsh  grass,  or 
wire  grass,  which  is  found  in  great  profusion  in 
certain  sections  of  the  states  of  Minnesota  and 
Wisconsin.  This  grass,  which  hitherto  had  been 
considered  worthless,  proved  to  be  adaptable  and 
serviceable  for  weaving  into  carpets  and  mats. 
The  advent  of  this  industry  has  converted  a 
hitherto  waste  product  into  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able crops  raised  in  the  West,  and  to-day  there 
are  over  60,000  acres  of  land  owned  by  the  Crex 
Carpet  Co.,  upon  which  is  being  raised  this  wire 
grass  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Crex  carpets. 
Mr.  Robinson  has  made  a  special  study  of  the  de- 
velopment of  this  land,  and  from  the  first  year  of 
his  affiliation  with  the  organization  has  spent  sev- 
eral months  each  year  at  its  various  camps.  His 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  company's  vast  proper- 
ties, coupled  with  a  shrewd  and  kindly  understand- 
ing of  the  personalities  of  the  men  it  employed, 
stood  him,  in  good  stead,  and  proved  him  to  be 
the  right  man  in  the  right  place,  for  the  present 
magnitude  of  the  industry  and  the  success  it  has 
achieved  in  recent  years  are,  in  a  large  measure, 
due  to  his  tireless  energy,  able  judgment  ami  skill 
and  executive  ability.  The  ill  health  of  his  father 
made  it  necessary  for  him  to  assume  the  entire 
charge  of  both  the  harvesting  and  manufacturing 
ends  of  the  business,  and  it  was  a  logical  selection 
that  upon  his  father's  death,  in  1912,  the  directors 
should  make  him  president,  a  position  he  now  oc 
cupies.  The  Crex  Carpet  Co.  is  capitalized  at 
$3,000,000.  The  cultivation  of  tin-  wire  grass  from 
which  Crex  products  are  made  is  carried  on  scien 
•  tifically  like  any  strictly  agricultural  product.  An 
elaborate  water  system  has  been  installed  through- 
nut  the  60,000  acres,  which  supplies  by  irrigation 
the  exact  amount  of  water  must  conducive  to  the 
luxuriant  growth  of  the  grass  at  every  stage  of 
its  growth.  Mr.  Robinson  is  a  member  of  the  Sons 
of  the  American  Revolution,  the  Merchants'  Asso- 
ciation of  New  York,  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art,  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
the  Yale  Club  of  ^AW.  York,  the  Republican  Club, 
the  New  York  Atl  L  ab,  the  Press  Chili,  and 

the  Carpet  Club  of  New  York,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  founders,  the  Aivola  Golf  Club,  the 
Ilaworth  Club  of  Hawnrth,  N.  .1.;  the  Oritani  Field 
Club  of  Hackensack,  N.  .).;  the  Englewood  (N.  J.) 
Club,  the  Boothbay  Harbor  Yacht  Club  of  Maine, 
and  the  University  and  Minnesota  clubs  of  St. 
Paul.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  and 
Elks  clubs,  and  is  a  Scottish  Rite  Mason,  llr. 
Robinson  was  married  July  14,  1903,  to  Florence, 
daughter  of  John  Lamb,  of  Moorestown,  N.  J. 

GRESHAM,  Walter,  soldier,  legislator,  lawyer, 
capitalist,  was  born  in  King  and  Queen  eo., 
Ya.,  July  22,  1841,  son  of  Edward  and  Isabella 
(Mann)  Gresham,  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Polly 
(Dew)  Gresham,  great-grandson  of  Samuel  and 
Hannah  (Farmer)  Gresham,  and  great-great-grand 


son  of  Lawrence  Gresham,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land and  settled  at  Newtown,  King  and  Queen 
co.,  Va.,  and  whose  wife  was  Mary  Townsley.  He 
was  educated  in  private  schools.  Upon  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the  9th  Va. 
cavalry  (Lee's  Rangers),  and  afterwards  served  in 
Co.  II,  i'4th  Va.  ravalry,  under  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 
He  was  with  Stonewall  Jackson  in  1862 ;  took  part 
in  most  of  the  battles  of  the  army  of  northern 
Virginia  up  to  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomat- 
tox.  Meanwhile,  having  been  wounded,  he  was 
permitted  to  continue  his  education  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  was  graduated  in  the  law 
department  in  lsii3,  after  which  he  rejoined  his 
command  in  the  field.  With  little  besides  his  B.L. 
degree  he  made  his  way  to  Galveston,  Tex.,  at  the 
close  of  ISliii,  and  opening  a  law  office  soon  became 
one  of  the  leading  lights  in  his  profession.  Sub- 
sequently he  formed  a  partnership  with  Col.  Wai 
ter  L.  Mann,  which  continued  until  the  latter 's 
death,  in  1875.  He  practiced  with  Samuel  W. 
Jones,  during  1878  97,  after  which  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  his  son,  Walter  Gresham,  Jr.,  as  Gresh- 
am &  Gresham.  During  1872-75  he  served  as  dis- 
trict attorney  of  Galveston  and  Brazoria  counties. 
Until  1878  he  enjoyed  perhaps  a  more  profitable 
practice  than  any  other  lawyer  in  Texas,  but  his 
financial  interests  became  so  exacting  that  he  aban- 
doned much  of  his  court  work,  and  devoted  his  at- 
tention almost  entirely  to  other  branches  of  the 
law,  particularly  corporation  work.  From  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe  Rail- 
road Co.,  to  the  date  of  its  sale  to  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  lie  was  a  dominant  factor  in 
its  affairs  as  attorney,  director,  and  for  a  time 
second  vice-president.  In  the  infancy  of  this  enter- 
prise he  was  its  chief  man  in  the  field,  selecting 
routes,  securing  right  of  way,  locating  towns,  and 
mapping  out  and  superintending  other  important 
business,  ami  when  the  road  was  sold  it  was  said 
to  be  one  of. the  lest  pieces  of  railway  property 
in  the  country.  Mr.  Gresham  was  the  dominant 
personality  in  bringing  about  Galveston 's  present 
splendid  harbor;  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Fort.  Worth  (Tex.)  meeting  of  the  states  west 
of  the  Mississippi  river  in  Iws  to  urge  a  govern- 
ment appropriation  for  the  development  of  a  first 
class  harbor  on  the  Texas  coast.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  deep-water  convention  held  in  Denver, 
Colo.,  and  Topeka,  Kan.,  and  chairman  of  a 
special  committee  appointed  by  the  Topeka  con- 
vention to  secure  action  by  congress,  and  by  his 
indefatigable  efforts  a  bill  was  passed  authorizing 
the  improvements  which  gave  Galveston  one  of  the 
finest  harbors  on  the  American  seaboard.  When 
he  took  charge  of  the  work  the  harbor  had  two 
bars,  the  inner  bar  with  a  depth  of  only  nine 
feet,  mean  low  tide,  and  the  outer  bar  twelve  and 
a  half  feet.  Now  there  is  no  inner  bar  and  the 
ruling  depth  of  the  water  on  the  outer  bar  is 
thirty  two  and  a  half  feet  at  mean  low  tide.  Pur- 
ing  190]  02  lie  was  president  of  the  Trans-Mis- 
sissippi Congress,  and  was  vice-president  for  Texas 
of  the  National  Rivers  and  Harbors  Congress.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  deep-water  committee  of  the 
city  of  (ialveston  in  1900,  and  one  of  the  sub- 
committee of  three  appointed  to  devise  measures 
and  practical  plans  for  relief  and  reconstruction  of 
the  city  after  the  great  flood  of  1900.  It  was  this 
committee  which  originated  and  drafted  commis- 
sion form  of  government  which  became  known  all 
over  the  world  as  the  "Galveston  idea."  He  was  a 
leader  in  all  the  great  work  of  rehabilitation  which 
followed  the  Galveston  storm.  Among  other  things 
he  drafted  and  advocated  before  the  legislature 


450 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPEDIA 


a  bill  by  which  the  state  remitted  tn  tin1  :ity  of 
Galveston  the  state  taxes  collected  in  Galveston 
county,  for  a  period  of  eighteen  years.  During  1887- 
92  he  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  legislature, 
serving  on  the  finance,  judiciary  and  internal  im- 
provement committees.  His  appointment  as  chair- 
man of  the  finance  committee  in  his  first  term  was 
a  recognition  of  his  abilities  and  he  performed  the 
important  duties  of  the  position  so  acceptably  that 
he  was  retained  in  the  position  during  his  two  sub- 
sequent terms.  He  secured  appropriations  for 
equipping  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Texas,  Galveston,  and  two  of  the  most 
important  provisions  contained  in  the  Texas  rail- 
road commission  bill  enacted  by  the  twenty-second 
legislature  were  drafted  by  him.  One  authorized 
the  state  railway  commission  to  fix  rates  with  a 
view  to  prevent  discrimination,  and  the  second  is 
what  is  known  as  the  ''long  and  short  haul" 
clause;  both  were  adopted  as  amendments.  His 
splendid  record  led  to  his  election  to  the  national 
congress  in  1802.  After  one  term  he  retired  to 
private  life.  He  was  the  chief  spirit  in  the  build- 
ing of  the  Galveston,  La  Porte  &  Houston  Rail- 
road, now  a  part  of  the  Southern  Pacific  System. 
He  is  president  of  the  Galveston  &•  Western  Rail- 
road Co.,  and  of  the  Senorita  Valley  Land  &  Col- 
onization Co.,  anil  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Inter-Costal  Canal  <  'ommission.  He' 
is  a  member  of  the  Texas  State  Bar  Association 
and  the  Galveston  County  Bar  Association.  Mr. 
(iresham  was  married  at  Galveston,  Tex.,  Oct.  28, 
1868,  to  Josephine  C'ary,  daughter  of  Col.  William 
Mann,  .Jr.,  a  merchant  of  Corpus  Christi,  Tex. 
They  have  six  surviving  children:  Esther,  who 
married  Judge  William  B.  Lockhart;  Josephine, 
who  married  Judge  William  T.  Armstrong;  Beu- 
lah,  who  married  Lieut.  Carl  ('.  Oakes;  Thomas 
Dew,  Frank  Spenser,  and  Philip  Gresham. 

BURTON,  Le  Crand,  lawyer  and  realty  opera- 
tor,  was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  Sept.  27,  1846,  son 
of  Stiles  and  Ann  ( (iermain  )  Hurt. m.  His  father 
was  a  merchant  and  dealer  in  real  estate.  Le 
Grand  Burton  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  Racine,  Wis.,  under  Drs.  De  Koven  and  Ashley 
and  later  studied  in  Paris,  residing  in  the  Latin 
Quarter.  Returning  to  this  country  he  entered  the 
law/school  of  Columbia  College,  where  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1861.  He  was  also  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Illinois  in  1861,  ami  in  that  year  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  his  native  city.  After  a 
quarter  of  a  century  of  active  practice  he  relin- 
quished the  law  in  favor  of  growing  private  in- 
terests and  the  care  of  his  property,  and  from 
time  to  time  was  occupied  with  large  realty  opera- 
tions. For  several  years  preceding  his  death  he 
was  much  interested  in  the  growth  of  the  Alliance 
Franchise  in  Chicago,  became  its  president,  and  in 
1913  was  decorated  by  the  French  gi>\  eminent  with 
the  cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor.  He  was  also  in- 
terested in  the  Chicago  Opera  Co.  and  the  French 
Theatre  Co.,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
Historical  Society,  Chicago  Art  Institute,  and 
numerous  clubs  and  social  organizations.  His  gen- 
ial friendliness  made  him  a  charming  host  and 
entertainer,  and  he  was  liberal  in  his  gifts  to 
many  a  Chicago  philanthropy.  He  found  his  chief 
recreation  in  studying  nature  and  in  outdoor  life. 
He  died  in  Berlin^  Germany,  June  7,  1914. 

ELLISON,  Robert  Lewis,  ranchman  and  banker, 
was  born  in  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  Nov.  19,  1831,  son 
of  Thomas  and  Lucinda  (Grisson)  Ellison,  and 
grandson  of  Rev.  Lewis  Ellison,  a  pioneer  Baptist, 
minister  of  Kentucky.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  schools  of  Kentucky,  and  at  sixteen  began 


his  business  career  as  clerk  in  a  mercantile  estab- 
lishment at  Murray,  Ky.,  receiving  sixteen  dol- 
lars and  board  for  his  first  year 's  services.  For 
several  years  thereafter  he  was  deputy  circuit  and 
county  clerk,  and  was  subsequently  elected  circuit 
clerk '  of  Calloway  county.  After  the  Civil  war 
he  organized  and  incorporated  the  mercantile  firm 
of  Ellison,  Godwin  &  Co.,  which  erected  business 
buildings  at  Murray  and  conducted  dry  goods  ami 
grocery  stores  there  and  a  general  store  at  Cross- 
land,  Ky.  In  1877  he  removed  to  Paris,  Tenn., 
where  he  became  founder  and  president  of  the 
Commercial  Bank,  and  founded  the  dry  goods 
house  of  Ellison,  Head  &  Co.,  and  the  grocery 
business  conducted  by  Ellison,  Wrather  £  Co. 
Meanwhile,  in  1883,  he  became  a  silent  partner 
in  the  Fort  Worth  (Tex.)  banking  house  of  Tid- 
ball,  Van  Zandt  it  Co.,  which  was  afterward  con- 
verted into  the  Fort  Worth  National  Bank,  of 
which  Mr.  Ellison  was  vice-president  until  his 
death.  Ill  1882  he  purchased  cattle  in  Goliad 
co.,  Texas,  removing  them  in  1884,  to  Childress 
co.,  where  the  Childress  County  Land  &  Cattle 
Cn.  was  organized,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $210,- 
800,  and  Robert  L.  Ellison  as  manager.  In  1888 
he  established  a  permanent  residence  in  Texas, 
at  Fort  Worth,  and  assumed  active  charge  of 
this  cunipany.  Although  he  had  no  previous 
knowledge  of  the  cattle  industry  or  of  ranching, 
his  untiring  energy  brought  to  the  enterprise  un- 
usual success,  and  the  Childress  ranch  became 
one  of  the  show  places  of  north  Texas,  its  cattle 
being  among  the  best  in  the  Texas  Panhandle. 
He  was  an  active  and  influential  factor  in  the 
Texas  Cattle  Raisers'  Association,  and  was  prom- 
inent in  the  civic  and  municipal,  as  well  as  in  the 
educational  and  social  life  of  Fort  Worth.  Mr. 
Ellison  was  well  known  for  his  philanthropic  work. 
He  was  for  years  associated  with  the  management 
of  Murray  (  Ky  i  Institute,  and  a  benefactor  of 
the  Orphans'  Home  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  married  (I)  Aug.  7,  1853, 
to  Lucy  B.  Curd,  who  died  in  1861,  leaving  one 
child:  Thomas  B.  Ellison.  He  was  married  (II) 
at  Murray,  Ky.,  Aug.  14,  1862,  to  Thank  Ryan, 
of  Murray  by  whom  lie  had  two  children:  Alice 
K'osetta,  wife  of  David  W.  Godwin,  Fort  Worth, 
and  Robert  R.  Ellison.  He  died  at  Fort  Worth, 
Tex.,  Oct.  28,  1IM.1. 

SKINNER,  Emory  Fiske,  lumberman,  was 
born  in  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  July  in  1833,  son  of 
(Coston)  Skinner.  His  father  was  one  of  the  early 
Abolitionists.  The  son  was  educated  in  the  dis- 
trict schools,  and  at  Sherburne  Academy,  and 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Washington,  D.  C., 
wheie  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store.  Sub 
seqneiitly  he  was  engaged  in  running  an  engine 
in  a  saw  mill  at  Painted  I'ost,  N.  Y.,  and  later 
worked  in  a  sash,  blind  and  door  factroy  at  Corn- 
ing, N.  Y.  Afterwards  he  was  employed  in  the 
erection  of  a  paper  mill  at  Geddesburg,  Mich.,  at 
ilir  ^une  time  learning  the  millwright 's  trade.  From 
Geddesburg  he  went  to  operate  a  saw  mill  six  miles 
south  of  Ypsilanti;  next  he  erected  a  smut-mill  at 
Kalamazoo,  after  which  he  moved  to  Oshkosh, 
Wis.,  where  for  a  time  he  taught  school.  Having 
assisted  in  the  construction  and  operation  of  a 
saw-mill  for  his  brother-in-law,  in  1858  he  again 
taught  school  at  libck  Wolf,  Wis.,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  entered  eolloge  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  la.  At. 
the  same  time  studying  law  with  the  firm  of 
Clark,  Doolittle  &  Cook,  and  was  duly  admittel 
1o  the  bar.  Returning  to  Oshkosh,  he  continued  his 
law  studies  for  a  short  time,  and  tl'eu  moved  to 


\V.\LTKR  GRESHAM 
LAWYER 


LE(iRAXI)  BURTI  >N 
LAWYER 


1 


J 


R(  >I!KKT   L.   Kl.LISl  )X 
BANKER 


EMORY  F.  SKIXXER 
LUMP.EKMAN 


OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


451 


Omro,  where  he  opened  a  law  office  and  entered 
into  partnership  in  the  operation  of  a  saw  mill; 
lie  likewise  served  for  a  short  time  as  captain  of  a 
tugboat  of  which  he  was  the  owner,  ami  at'tcrwaid 
took  charge  of  the  work  of  repairing  the  Omro  & 
Bipon  railroad.  For  a  year  he  engaged  in  buying 
ami  selling  grain,  Hour,  etc.,  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  I  leverill  after  which  the  partnership  was  Dis- 
solved. In  1SH2  he  once  more  opened  a  law  office 
in  Oshkosh  in  association  with  a  Mr.  Boyingtmi, 
but  the  business  did  not  prosper.  In  1*6:1  he  de- 
cided to  go  to  California,  and  arrived  in  San 
Francisco  about  the  middle  of  that  year.  Thence 
lie  \\ent  to  Austin,  Nev.,  on  the  Reese  river,  where 
he  built  a  saw  mill  and  took  charge  of  it  for  a 
San  Francisco  company.  In  the  autumn  of  1*64 
he  purchased  a  mine  at  Austin  which  he  subse- 
quently sold  for  $10,000.  Returning  to  the  Fast, 
he  proceeded  to  Chicago  where  he  engaged  in  the 
retail  grocery  business  for  a  year,  then  worked  in 
the  wood-working  department  of  a  machine  shop, 
and  later  took  charge  of  .the  rebuilding  of  a  flour 
mill  at  Norville,  Mich.,  and  the  installing  of 
new  jiatent  flour  machinery  at  Flint,  Mich.  After 
this  he  became  superintendent  of  a  large  lumbering 
business  at  Pentwater,  Mich.,  and  still  later  held 
a  similar  position  at  New  London,  Wis.;  then  he 
entered  the  mill-supply  business  in  Chicago,  built 
a  mill  at  Gratiot,  Wis.',  water-works  both  at  Water- 
town  ami  at  Black  River  Falls,  Wis. ;  and  sold 
fire  engines,  and  engaged  in  lumbering  in  Florida 
from  1874  to  1905.  During  this  time  he  twice 
visited  Germany  and  England.  In  ISIMI  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Southern  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
Association,  and  wrote  the  constitution  and  by- 
laws; that  year  he  traveled  with  his  wife  to  Mex- 
ico and  California,  was  subsequently  elected  dele- 
gate-at-large  to  the  Republican  convention  at  St. 
Louis,  and  in  1S94-95  again  visited  Mexico.  Being 
stricken  with  paralysis  in  I'.IOS,  he  sold  his  hold- 
ings in  Florida  and  removed  to  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
where  lie  resided  until  his  death.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  order,  and  in  polities  was  a 
Democrat.  Mr.  Skinner  was  a  man  of  absolute 
integrity,  great  force  of  character,  and  unbounded 
energy."  He  was  married,  I860,  to  Ellen  Maria, 
daiughter  of  Ehenezer  Hubbard,  of  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
and  had  one  child,  a  son.  He  died  in  Los  Angele~, 
Cal.,  l!H:i. 

MICHAEL,  Ellas,  merchant  and  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  Kschau,  P.avaria,  Germany,  Sept. 
L'H,  1854,  son  of  Simon  and  Sarah  ( ( Itteiilieiiner  I 
Michael.  His  father  emigrated  to  America  in 
1859,  settling  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  died  a  year 
after  sending  for  his  wife  ;iml  three  children.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  Elias  Michael  left  the  public 
school  to  enter  the  employ  of  Hess,  Levy  &  Co., 
drygoods  merchants  of  Memphis  and  two  years 
later  became  a  clerk  with  Rice,  Stix  &  Co.  In 
1.S79,  Memphis  having  been  visited  by  se\era! 
yellow  fever  epidemics,  the  firm  of  Rice,  Stix  & 
( 'o.  decided  to  move  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  after  which 
young  Michael  became  buyer  of  the  hosiery,  no- 
tions, furnishing  goods  and  white  goods,  thus 
obtaining  an  understanding  of  the  mercliandi-i' 
of  the  larger  part  of  the  jobbing  business.  In 
1884  he  was  given  an  interest  in  the  business  and 
the  year  following  a  full  partnership.  Upon  the 
incorporation  of  the  firm,  in  1899,  he  was  made 
secretary;  served  as  vice-president  during  190:',- 
06,  and  thereafter  president  until  his  death.  The 
i  riginal  capital  of  the  company  was  in  1902  in- 
creased from  two  to  four  million  dollars,  and  the 
business  done  was  second  largest  in  the  country. 
extending  over  a  territory  from  the  Atlantic  to 


the  Pacific  and  from  Wisconsin  to  Mexico.  There 
\vere  about  1,000  employees  on  the  payroll.  As  the 
chief  executive  of  this  house,  Mr.  Michael  at- 
tained a.  national  prominence  in  commercial  and 
financial  affairs.  Outside  of  the  drygoods  busi- 
ness, he  was  president  of  the  Premium  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  and  director  of  the  Commonwealth 
Trust  Company,  National  Bank  of  Commerce,  and 
the  American  Central  Insurance  Co.,  all  of  St. 
Louis.  During  1904-10  he  was  a  member  of  the 
St.  Louis  Board  of  Education,  serving  as  chairman 
of  the  finance  committee.  In  1903  Mayor  Wells 
appointed  him  chairman  of  the  Bridge  and  Ter- 
minals Commission,  in  which  capacity  his  efforts 
were  directed  to  remove  the  bridge  arbitrary  and 
gi\e  St.  Louis  shippers  a  through  bill  of  lading 
from  the  Eastern  cities  to  St.  Louis.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  board  of  the  Business 
Men's  League  as  vice  president,  and  in  1903  was 
made  chairman  of  the  terminal  facilities  com- 
mittee. He  was  a  member  of  the  St.  Louis  Manu- 
facturers' Association,  president  (1910-11)  of 
the  National  Wholesale  Dry  Goods  Association, 
director  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
I'nited  States,  and  member  of  the  American 
Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Paris,  France.  In  1913, 
he  represented  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
1'nited  States  at  Hie  conference  of  the  Interna- 
tional Chambers  of  Commerce  at  Brussels,  meeting 
together  to  draft  rules  for  its  permanent  organiza- 
tion. He  was  a  director  of  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase Exposition.  Earnestly  desirous  of  assisting 
his  people,  lie  was  conspicuous  in  every  Jewish 
movement  in  his  adopted  city,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Jewish  Committee  of  Fifty,  be- 
fore which  all  important  questions  of  Jewish  af- 
fairs are  brought.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
St.  Louis  Provident.  Association,  director  of  the 
Jewish  Charitable  and  Educational  Union  and 
the  Self-Culture  Hall,  member  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  Hospital  Saturday  and  Sunday  As- 
sociation, and  president  of  the  Jewish  Alliance 
Night  School  and  the  Jewish  Day  Nursery.  He 
was  prime  mover  and  largest  contributor  to  the 
erection  of  the  Jewish  Hospital  of  St.  Louis.  Mr. 
Michael  was  president  of  the  Mercantile  Club  and 
member  of  the  Aero,  Automobile,  City,  Columbian, 
Contemporary,  Commercial,  Glen  Echo,  Mercan- 
tile, Noonday,  St.  Louis  and  Westwood  clubs.  He 
\\as  married  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  June  17,  1886,  to 
Rachel,  daughter  of  Aaron  Stix.  a  partner  in  the 
clothing  house  of  Stix,  Kroiise  &  Co.  A  St.  Louis 
biographer  said  of  him:  ''He  affected  the  city 

for  good   in   all  the  ways  a   g 1   man's  activities 

can  affect  a  community.  He  brought  into  busi- 
ness qualities  of  idealism  that  heightened  his 
transcendent  commercial  abilities.  In  the  futher- 
ance  of  liberal  culture  he  was  a  foremost  figure, 
and  in  efforts  for  the  betterment  of  social  condi- 
tions he  was  a  weariless  worker.  In  practical 

philanthropy    he    devoted    himself    to    the    advan 

ment  of  knowledge  and  the  development  and 
strengthening  of  character.  He  sought  to  make 
men  and  women  self-reliant,  rather  than  depend- 
ent. His  was  the  democratic  ideal,  socially  and 
economically,  and  he  favored  in  all  ways  the  en- 
largement and  the  equalizing  of  opportunity.  He 
was  a  friend  of  freedom  and  helped  such  causes 
as  woman  suffrage  with  a  keen  mind  and  a  whole 
heart.  Personally  he  was  a  most  gracious  man, 
with  a  strong  gentleness  and  a  firm-fibered  sym- 
pathy that  accorded  well  with  his  abundant  prac- 
ticality." He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Sept.  15,  1913. 
YOUNG,  John  Philip,  journalist,  was  born  in  ' 
Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Aug.  9,  1849,  son  of  Francis 


452 


THE     NATIONAL     CYCLOPAEDIA 


and  Madeline  (Schimpf)  Young.  His  parents 
were  both  natives  of  Bavaria,  Germany.  He  was 
educated  iii  the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia, 
ami  began  his  career  as  a  journalist  at  the  age 
of  twenty.  He  assisted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  "  Daily  Union"  of  San  Diego,  Calif.,  in  1870, 
and  from  there  went  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  to 
take  the  city  editorship  of  the  "Chronicle"  of 
that  city.  In  1877  he  returned  to  California  and 
became  legislative  reporter  for  the  San  Francisco 
"Chronicle,"  a  paper  with  which  he  has  since 
been  identified.  lie  joined  its  editorial  staff  in 
1S77,  ami  since  1878  has  been  managing  editor, 
in  which  capacity  he  has  exerted  a  wide  influence 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  Early  in  his  newspaper 
career  Mr.  Young  began  a  systematii-  colle.-tiea  of 
data  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects.  He  has  con- 
tinued the  practice  to  the  present  time,  and  has 
accumulated  a  collection  of  many  thousands  of 
clippings  and  notes,  which  is  invaluable,  especially 
as  In'  is  constantly  drawing  on  the  store  of  in- 
formation for  articles  in  the  "Chronicle"  and 
elsewhere  on  a  variety  of  economic  and  historical 
subjects.  A  number  of  his  articles  have  been 
reproduced  as  public'  documents  alter  appearing 
in  the  columns  of  the  "Chronicle,"  notably  his 
survey  of  the  industrial  conditions  of  Japan,  writ- 
ten in  1895,  in  which  many  predictions  were  made 
which  have  since  been  fully  reali/.ed.  He  is  the 
author  of  "Bimetallism  or  Monometallism" 
(189<>),  "Protection  and  Prepress"  (1900), 
••Modem  Trusts"  (1902)  and  "San  Francisco: 
the  Metropolis  of  the  Pacific  Coast"  (1913),  the 
last  of  his  most  important  undertakings,  for  which 
his  journalistic  training  and  his  long  residence  in 
San  Francisco  have  admirably  fitted  him.  and  in 
it  he  has  given  a  narrative  at  once  authentic, 
luminous  and  absorbingly  interesting.  Most  of 
his  writings  exhibit  a  pronounced  inclination  for 
historical  study.  Mr.  Young  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Commonwealth  Club  of  Ran  Fran- 
eisco,  and  lias  sened  as  its  treasurer  and  governor 
Mtice  it  was  organized  in  1903.  He  was  married, 
Sept.  27.  l^s-i,  to  Georgina  M.,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Brown,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  died  in 
San  Francisco,  Calif.,  Apr.  23,  1921. 

LEHMAN,  Herbert  Henry,  banker  and  mer- 
chant, was  born  in  New  York  city,  Mar.  28,  1878, 
son  of  Mayer  and  Babette  (Newgass)  Lehman. 
His  father,  who  came  from  Bavaria  in  IV0-,  \\.as 
a  cotton  merchant  of  New  York,  a  founder  of 
the  New  York  Cotton  Exchange,  and  a  special 
commissioner  from  the  Confederate  States  to  ar- 
range for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  during  the 
civil  war.  The  son  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation at  Sachs'  Collegiate  Institute,  and  was 
graduated  at  Williams  College  in  1x99.  Since 
1908  he  has  been  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Lehman 
Bros.,  bankers,  New  York,  members  of  the  New 
York  Stock  Exchange,  New  York  Cotton  Exchange, 
New  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange,  New  York  Coffee 
and  Sugar  Exchange,  and  the  New  York  and 
Chicago  Produce  Exchanges.  The  firm  had  its  be- 
ginning at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  about  1848,  as  cot- 
ton factors  and  as  owners  of  a  general  store;  it 
later  became  Lehman,  Duer  &  Co.,  and  subse- 
quently a  New  Orleans  house  was  started  as  Leh- 
man, Stern  &  Co.  The  New  York  business  was 
established  in  the  early  sixties  as  a  cotton  house 
and  while  still  engaged  in  that  business  is  now 
active  chiefly  as  bankers.  It  has  been  the  bankers 
for  some  of  the  largest  concerns  in  the  country 
such  as  Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co.,  F.  W.  Woolworth 
Co.,  Goodrich  Co.,  the  Studebaker  Corporation, 
Stern  Bros.,  of  New  York,  the  Kudicott  Johnson 


Co.,  and  many  others.  Mr.  Lehman  was  also 
treasurer  of  the  J.  Spencer  Turner  Co.,  and  a 
director  in  the  Studebaker  Corporation,  Consoli- 
dated Cotton  Duck  Co.,  Imperial  Cotton  Co.,  In- 
dustrial Securities  Co.,  Washington  Mills,  Kelsey 
Wheel  Co.,  Alabama  Mineral  Land  Co.,  Anniston 
City  Land  Co.,  Stafford  Co.,  and  Continental  Can 
Co.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Hebrew  Sheltering 
Guardian  Orphan  Asylum,  and  of  the  Mt.  Sinai 
Hospital.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Gamma 
Delta  fraternity,  and  the  National  Democratic, 
Century,  Country,  Bankers',  1,'eform,  Ilarmonie, 
and  National  Automobile  clubs  of  America.  When 
war  with  Germany  was  declared  he  volunteered  in 
the  V.  S.  navy,  where  he  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  procurement  of  textiles,  in  which  he  is  an 
expert.  Later  he  was  transferred  to  the  army 
and  became  major  of  ordnance  in  charge  of  the 
equipment  section.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
Purchase,  Storage  and  Traffic  division  of  the  Gen- 
eral staff  he  was  made  assistant  director  of  that 
division,  serving  with  such  ability  that  in  Septem- 
ber, 1919,  Secretary  of  War  Baker  awarded  h!m 
the  Distinguished  Service  medal.  He  was  pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel  in  191  S,  and  colonel,  Gen- 
eral Staff,  in  1919.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
War  Department  Claims  board,  the  Board  of  con- 
tract adjustment,  and  a  special  adviser  on  ap- 
peals to  the  Secretary  of  War.  He  was  married 
in  New  York  city,  Apr.  2S,  1910,  to  Edith  Louise, 
daughter  of  Charles  Altschul,  a  banker  of  New 
Y'ork,  and  has  one  son,  Peter  Gerald  Lehman. 

ATHERTON,  Percy  Lee,  composer,  was  born  in 
Eoxbury,  Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  2.1,  1871,  son  of 
William  and  Mary  Edwards  (Dwighti  Atherton. 
His  first  American  ancestor  was  Humphrey 
Atherton,  who  came  from  England  in  KiliO  and 

settled   in    (Dorchester)    Boston,   Mass.,   1 omiiig 

major-general  of  the  colonial  troops  and  deputy 
governor  of  the  Massachusetts  colony;  his  wife 
was  Mary  Wales,  and  from  them  the  line  of  de- 
scent is  traced  through  their  son  <Vn •  ider  and 
his  wife  Ann  Anable;  their  sou  Humphrey  and 
his  wife  Elizabeth  Withingtou ;  their  son  John 
and  his  wife  Rachel  Wentworth;  their  son  John 
•ind  his  wife  Mary  Adams,  to  their  son  Samuel 
Athi'i'ton  and  his  wife  Abigail  Pope,  who  were  the 
grandparents  of  Mr.  Atherton.  He  was  gradu- 
ated A.B.  at  Harvard  College,  with  honors  in 
music  in  1S93.  He  studied  two  years  at  the 
Royal  High  School  of  Music,  Munich,  Bavaria, 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Rheinberger;  with 
Otis  B.  Boise  in  Berlin,  in  189(i;  with  SgambaU 
in  Home,  in  1900;  and  later,  with  Widor  in  Paris. 
His  compositions  include  "The  Heir  Apparent," 
a  comit  opera  (1888-90);  "The  Maharaja,"  a-i 
opera-comique  (1897-1900)  ;  a  second  comic  opera, 
not  named  (1916-1917);  several  orchestral 
sketches;  two  sonatas,  a  suite,  and  smaller  pieces 
for  violin  and  pianoforte;  suite  for  flute  and  piano- 
forte; a  number  of  pianoforte  pieces;  choruses, 
part-songs,  song-cycles,  and  nearly  one  hundred 
songs  for  solo  voice.  During  the  European  war,  he 
was  secretary  and  pro.  tern,  member  of  the  nation- 
al committee  on  Army  and  Navy  Camp  Music,  and 
he  made  a  tour  of  the  government  camps  and 
cantonments  to  further  music  in  its  military  aspect. 
Since  1900  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  visiting 
committee  on  music  at  Harvard  University,  and 
since  MI  1.1,  a  member  of  the  advisory  committee 
on  music  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston.  His 
clubs  include  the  Harvard  Musical  Association, 
Harvard  Musical  Club,  St.  liotolph,  Composers' 
Club  of  Boston,  and  Harvard  Clubs  of  Boston  and 
Xew  York.  lie  is  unmarried. 


1 


THE  NATIONAL  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGKAPHY 


THE   NATIONAL 
CYCLOPAEDIA    OF  AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


INDEX-VOLUME    XVII. 


LBBOTT.    Eiiville   (;..    ph   : 

i,   Othman  A.,   lawyer,  363. 
iBBOTT.    William     I 

LBRAV  moving   pictures.    117. 

iDAMS.    Edvard    R.,   merchant 
iI'AMS.    George    H..    lawyer.   373. 
iDAMS.   John    (,.,   physician.   14i>. 
LDAMS.  Thixiflore  L.,  physician,   100. 
iDREON,  Edward  L..  manufr.  448. 

ORTH.  Herman  R.,  physician.  268. 

!•'.,   sr.ldiei-. 

•  LURIGHT,    Charles    E.,    underwriter,    358. 
-LEXANDER,    Hubbard   Foster,    shippinfi, 
20. 

ph  E.,   lawyer,  328. 
iLLEN,    John   M..    I: 
.LLEN,   John   R..  nierha,  ,-r,  418. 

,iel    L..    inventor. 
,LLEN.    Victor  M.,   publisher. 
,LLEN.    '.Vill.ur    P..   lawyc-. 
.Ll.El:  -id   \V..  merchant,   71. 

',  •    late.   271. 

M1INGER.    Da»id    F..  manufr,  1M. 

ulibard.   invi 
.MES.  .  106. 

'.uis  S..   insurance.    154. 
,,iah    H..    merchant.    2B. 
.MOSS.  J);,\i,l  A.,    physician, 
.NDERS.    .lames   M..    uhysician. 

,    Arthur   E..  ,  .   268. 

!  arles    S..    banker.    105. 

i  ;88. 

manufr,  119. 

.RTIlUi 

.li.hn    F..   ci  . 

' 
THE);':  ON,  ' 

114. 
Franklin  E..  merchant 

B. 

'•r.   3. 

.    44. 

. 

• 

I 

. 

MlHtM' 

in. 

r.   7. 

'      iam  H.,  i 

AT  HI  R  .   merchar 

ATTEI 

. 

i      . 

.,    H..    lawyi 
EAKI,,    Cyrus,  jurist. 

. 
.,-e<'ii.   27«. 

••f,l. 

1EEKMAN.  Benjamir  B.,  lawyer,  193. 


BEEKMAN  :          C.,   banker. 

BEEMER.    Allen    D..   banker, 

BELL.  Thbhi;  .   170. 

BELLOWS,    Fra:.<  " 

BEMIS. 

BENJAMIN.    , 

BENNESON.   Cora   A.,   lawyt    . 

BERNET.   Albeit,   journ. 

BERRYHILI.,   James  c;      ' 

BESSUNGER.   M,  ,  :  12. 

BETTLES.    Alfred 

P,  Waller  P..  m,  , 
BLACK,  .laniu-,  merchi", 
BLAIE 

ULAKE.   Wait,',,   opticia    . 
BLAND,    Charle-    • 
nLANKENlUJKi;.  Rudolph,  merch 
BLETHEN, 

BLOOMFIE!  I  ,it.   101. 

BOGER.    Cyrus  M..    phj- 
BOGLE.   \V:il  ,   :',44. 

BQIARDI,  John  P..  manufr.  188. 
BONNEY.    Esther,   tnruu.fr.   177. 
BOOTH.   Aria   Pearl  D..   ai-m-ss.  JL'l. 
BOUGHAN,   Andrew   B..  la'.vyer.  104. 
BO\vi::  rchant,  6 

BOWER 

'.N,    John    MeEni, 

i    H..    lumberman, 

.ay    exjiert.    346. 

BRA]'.  ah    J..    merchai 

D..  manuf 
'jvtT   E..   In'.    '     .    196. 

, 
:T.   Ellis,  banker.    17. 

oldier, 

BRINTii 

\K.   Flaviu.     i 
BROOKS.   Edwan1 

BROWN.   Claren. 

, 

BRO\\  .'. 

• 

illiam  II..  in, 

E..  mine  i, 
BUCK.    Frank    H 

: 

T.,    merchn: 

. 

1 

BURTON.    Hazen   J..    manufa, 
BURTi 

•.in   F..   juri- 
lames.   merchant.    10. 
Bl'TLEK,    V  Jr.,   bankei 


CAIRN 

1 
CARNAIIAN.  Re,,'  i 


CARPENTER,  Alfi 

i 'ENTER,   Emlen    N..     !i 

126. 

-i  iN.    .loin,    A.   (,..    merchant. 

. 

Harry   .7.,   manufr.   a. 
:, BERRY.    \Vm      !  :  n,    127. 

,E,    Vernon 

i:  iffum.  ma- 

in£  maste: 

CHAN1 

CHAT 

CHAP'  ,,,    merchan, 

CHEANEY,    Edsar   S.,    lumberman,  200. 

, 

CHIl  '  ,30. 

CH1LDLKS.    B.-n.    lawyer,   268. 

CHITTENDEN,     Hiram    M..    mil 
CHRISTIE.  C'hai  '  nercha 

"".(I   T..   man  , 
C.HCKC.HILL.   Owen   H.,  stock   rais 

• 

Cl.AKE.    Fuiton    \V..    manuf, 

IB 
.V.   John    .1 

e 

l,.i>iah   G..    manufr.    173. 

COCH1'  .-r.  133. 

COKER,   James   L.,   merchant.   21. 
COLB\ 

425. 

William,  ju 
COLLII 

, 

B 

• 

1 
•  hn   N..  manufr. 

. 

LIT. 
COTT 

.       • 

, 
CRAPO. 

CR^E!: 

DALE. 

• 


HAVIS.    Frank    M..    banker,    ' 
DAVIS,    Hymen    DoB.,    lawyer.    233. 
DAVISON,   John   M..  chemist. 
DAVIS,   William   J..   banker 
DAY,   Stephen    A..   la. 
DAYTON,    Alston    (.,.,    lawyer.    77. 
DEAN,   Henry  S..  cam 
DEAN,    Luther   Lyon,   merchant, 
DEAN,    Marvin    A.,    men-ban 
DEAN.   Russe.ll   H..   physician,   53. 
DEAN,  William  G..  banker. 
DEAR,    Richard    B..    contract 
DcBOER,   Joseph   A.,   underwriter. 
DaBOOY.   Thcijdoor.  ar 

DEFOREST.    Lee,   inventor.   11. 
DELANO.    Clayum    H.,    manufacturer,   417. 
DEMI  :  urtiss.   merchant.   126. 

DEN1SON,   t  .sician,  281. 

DENNY.    Pai   .man   T..   banke. 

. 

DERBY,    Basket,    physician.    422. 

:  .        :;!!!. 

DEUTSCH.    Joseph,    lie  142. 

i  ullace    L..    lawyer.    346. 

DICKEY.    Charles   H.,   merchant.    141. 
DILLAWAY,    William    E.    L.. 
DISQUE. 
DOB  I 

manufacturer,     I  ' 
DODCJE.   Joseph  T..  civil   en^ 
DOLLARD.   Robert,    soldier. 

\HUE.  Patrick  J. 
I 

DOWDEN.   William    T:  86. 

DRIVER.    .  n.an.    343. 

nufr..    122. 

i'liam  I...  clergyman.    369. 
[.,   manuf'r. 
'•  inpton,  manuf'r 
simoon    W.    S..    civil    engineer, 

• 
'•TORE.     Wat-sun    T.,    lawyer,    196. 

. 

•, 

E. 

U2. 

Leo      !:is  S..   nhv 

: 

ECU  0 

B.,    lawyer.    31U. 
i  •!    M..    physician. 
,  UDS,    Edit 
1, 

,  merchant,  127. 

.chant,   143. 

ELLii       .  hant,    93. 

ELU- 

ELY,    Dinsmorc.    soldie, 

!RY,    Talton    III.    rue-chant.    87. 

: Ilium    H.,    naval   officer.   224. 

yer.  376. 
~'EST,   Juan    W..    inventor,   72. 

'  .\f\  J..   railway  official,  65. 

.   304. 

V,  Samu  -1   A.,   1: 
189. 
.anker.  183. 

.  manufr.,   433. 

'. 
urist,  21?,. 


189. 

iTuf'r.,    141. 
P..   engineer,   194. 
..rist.   29S. 
state.  207. 
A.,   planter.  205. 
-n.-rehant,  311. 

124. 

,    manuf'r..    108. 
.  ,ieer.   166. 
xval  architect.  420. 


I''INK.  Colin  G.,  che  nist,  383. 
FINNEY,  Samuel,  jurist,  187. 
FISHER.  J.  Gun'  IH'.I. 

FISHER.    Walter    I..,    i-\,<  ical  ,  economist 

406. 

FITTS,  James  H..  lawy 

FITZPATRICK.   Thomas    ,'..  physician,  204, 
FLEMING,    William    B.,    , urist,   359. 
FLIEDNER,   William,   capitalist,   132. 
FOOTE.    William   A.,    In 
FOSS.    Edgar   B.,    lumberman.   293. 
FOSTER.    George    H.,    manuf - 
FOSTER.    Harry   H..   lumberman.    94. 
FOWLER,    Charles   A..    Jr.,   soldier,   13. 
FRANKE.    Julius,   architect,   332. 
FREDENHAGEN,   Edward   A.,  clergyman, 

193. 

Eleanor    E..   compos.'. 
FRICK,    Joseph    E.,  jurist.    173. 
FRIEND.    Emil,    journalist,    fit. 
FROST.   Charles   S..   architect,   335. 
FULLER.  Horace  S.,  merchant.  264. 
FUSSELL.   Joseph    H.,   lawyer. 

G. 

GABEL.  Thomas  R.,  railroad  official,  439. 
GAGE,   Stephen  T.,   pioneer.   60. 

AN.    Patrick,   manufacturer,   32. 
GASH.    Abram   D..   lawyer.    18. 
GATES.    Jemuel    C..    merchant,    98. 
GAUT,   John  McReynolds,  jurist,  33. 
I.    John    E..  engraver,   319. 

Norman,   lawyer,   384. 
DN,   Henry  H.,  lumberman,    11 
GILBERT.    Lewis   N.,   manuf'r..   :MII. 
GILBERTS)  S..   bankei 

i  David    Tod,    physician.    60. 

GITTINGS.    William    <J..    hanker.    304. 
C.ODBE,   William  S.,  mine  operator.  374. 
GODDARD.  Pliny   E..  anthropologist,  419. 
KEY,    Marshall    H.,    merchant. 

icher,    12s. 
Slade.  poet,   129. 
.   Herbert  E.,  manufr..  423. 
•MAN.   Richard  J.,  lawyer,   363. 
.    'ICH,   John   E.,  clergy, 

merchant.   298. 
IN,    Douglas    H..    capitalist, 
financier,    381. 
i.  r  K.,  educator,  341. 
I).  Franklin  P.,  contractor,  426. 
GOULDEN,    Edwn 

GRAFF.    John    Francis,    n.anufr.,    260. 
GRAHAM.  William  M.,  soldier. 
GRANBERG.    Henry    O.,    mines   promoter, 

miN.    Elijah    B..    capitalist,    15. 

.in    William,    capitalist. 
GRAY.   Thom.is   K,.   druggist, 
GREEN.   Henr.'  L..   mer  ! 
GREEN.  Thr.'ma.-,   merchant,   11*. 

William  T.,   physicu.i 

GREEN AV>   V,  .  ,-.,n.  303. 

GREENE.   Charle-    P.,   ;-.griculturist,  97. 
GREENE.   V,  publisher.  172. 

GREENEBAUM.   Elibs.  banker.  40. 
GRENELL.    William    H.,    seedsman,    69. 

HAM.    Walter,    lawyer.    449. 
GREUSEL.   John   H.,   journalist,   441. 
GRIRBF.I..    ,'.->hn,    capitalist,    51. 
GRIFFITHS.  Thomas,  mayor.  148. 
GRIMKE,   E.  Montagu?,  educator.  55. 
GRISWOLD,     Joseph     L..     railway     official 

GRUBF.R.  James  M.,  railway  official,  422. 

oLL.   Charles,   stick   raiser.   B 
GUIl_LAi:ME.  Clement  T..  physician,  47. 

.  I  NAN,  Daniel  A.,    jurist.  61. 
Ci  RTEEN.   Stephen   H.,  clergyman,   370. 
(.WALTNEY.   Pembroke   D.,   manufr,   113. 

H. 

HACKETT,  Edward  A.  K.,   Journalist.  190. 
HADLEY.    Edwin    M..   manu^r.,   412. 
HAGERTY.   Thomas    H..    cleigyman,    64. 
HAINER.   Eugene  J..  lawyer,   37;!. 
HALL.    Emery   S..   architect,   9. 

'.'.,  social  economist,  316. 
HALLOWELL,  Norwood  P.,  bai  ker,  32. 
HAMILTON.  William,   merchant,  347 
HVMM  ERST  BIN.  Oscar,   impresai  :o,  41). 
HAKKIN.  William  F..  capitalist.  4.'1. 
HAPAI.   Henry  C..  public  official.  4.'. 
'  ARPER.    James   B.,   lawyer.   277. 


HARRIS,  Addison.   C.,   lawyer.   191. 
HARRIS,   Henry    A.,   accountant,  294. 
HARRIS,    Norman    W.,    ranker.    323. 
HARRISON,  Albert  M..   philanthropist,  439. 
HART,   Charles  B.,   maruf'r.,   443. 
HATCH,  Henry    R..  merchant,  99. 
HATHAWAY,   Charles   W..   merchant     216. 
HAVEMEYER,    John    J.,    merchant,   28. 
HAVEMEYER.  Williari.  merchant.  23 
HAVEMEYER,   Willia'n   F.,  manuf'r,  28.   ' 
HAWKS.  Annie  Sherwood,  hymnologist,  46. 
HAW  LEY,  John  S.,  -nanufr., 
HAWLEY.    Newton    J'..    lawyer,    57. 
HAYWARD.   William  E..  soldier,  88. 
HAZELTINE,  Abnei,  lawyer,  411. 
HEALY,   Robert  W.,    soldier, 
HEES.   James  L.,  banker,   34'J. 
HENDERSON,    Henry   P.,    jurist,   331. 
HENDERSON,     Li?htner,     civil     engineer, 

172. 

HERKNER,   Josepn   C.,   soldier,  83. 
HERSEY,  Charles  H.,  inventor,  Sll. 
HEWITT,   Charles  E.,   clergyman,  48. 
HICKS.   Irl   R.,   clergyman.   150. 
HICKS.  Walter  S  .   physician 
HIGBEE,  Chester  G.,  soldier.   113. 
HILL,    Agnes    Leonard,   author,   307. 
HILL.    Arthur   A.,    journalist, 
HINDLEY.    Johr.   H.,   contractor,   259. 
HINKLE.   Anth.ny  H.,   publisher,   61. 
HINMAN,  Beaci  L,   lawyer.  283. 
HIRSH,   David,   manufacturer,   58. 
HITCH.   Robert  M..   lawyer,    146 
"•OCR.     Thomas,    lawy.  .  , 
HITCHINGS.    Hector   M.,    lawyer,    8. 
HIVELY,   Johr    L..   osteopatl 
HOARD,  Chas.  de  Villers,   financier, 
HOBB-  H.,   banker,   189. 

HODGES,    Edward    F..    physician,    324. 
HOFFMAN,   Hugo   W.   G..   clergyman,  14. 
HOLLISTER.    Seymour   W.,   soldier. 
HOLMAN.   Silc.ia  M..    reformer.  221!. 
HOLMES.    Ma-shall    F.,    manufr..    171. 
HONEYWELL,    Ah.        :  402. 

HOOLEY,   Abraham  G..  banker.   95. 
HOOPER,  Frf.ncis  X.,  invent.,! 
HOOPER,  Joseph  A.,  soldier. 
HOPKIN.    Rol.ert, 

HOPSON.   Getrge  B.,   educator.   147. 
HOWARD.    W, Ilium    L..    physician,    425. 
HOWE.   John    K.,   manufacturer,   117. 
HOWE,   Malverd   A.,   civil  engineer,   439. 

i  oldier.    186. 

HOYT,     :       i.   ,    H..    lawyer,    242. 
HUNDLEY,    Oscar   R..    jurist,    239. 
HURD,   Harr^   B..   law)  cr,    l:',l. 
HUSON,   Florence;  physician. 
HUNT,    (-..ijixe    W..    builder.    104. 
HUTCHINGS.   John  B..  architect,  114. 

1'INSON.    Joseph    K..    lawyer,   139. 
IINSON,   Octavus  N.,  manufr.,  98. 
HYDE.    Wes.ey   W.,   lawyer.  16. 

I. 

INGRAM.  Frances,  singer,  199. 
IRWIN,    Lician   J..   railway  official,   184. 

J. 

JACK.    D.    Franklin,    merchant,    88. 
JACKSON.    Franklyn    J..    soldier, 
JACKSON,    Samuel    S.,    lawyer,    416. 
JANEWAST,  Theodore   C..   physician,  214. 
JENKINS.   David   P.,   s  ! 
JENKS.    William    L.,    lawyer.   188. 
JENSON.    Andrew,    merchant 
JIPSON,    Norton   W..    physician. 
.MjNBS.    Charles,    manufr.,    73. 
JONES.  Gordon,  banker,  33. 
JONES,   Nelson   E..   physician,   42C. 
JONES,    Walter 
JOHNSON.  Charles  W..  civil  , 
JOHNSON,   Edwin  .:«inecr.  291. 

JOHNSON.    Henry  C..   banker.   69. 
JOHNSON.   John,   surveyor.   290. 
JOHNS"'ONE,  James  H.  3.,  journal 
JORDAN,   M.   Evangelir.e.   dentist.   443. 
JOSLYN,   Lee  E..   lawye 
JOYCE.  William  A.    merchant,  50. 

K. 

KAILOR.  John  N.,  inventor, 

KAINS.   Archibal.i   C.,   banks. , 

KELLY.   Clinton,   clergyman, 

KENDALL i]  bi  | 


INDEX. 


KENNEDY,  Benjamin   E.   B.,   lawyer.  345. 

KENNEDY,  Robert  P..  sol..i 

KENT,   Henry   T.,   manufacturer, 

KENT.    Jacob,    soldier,    162. 

KEENER,  Theodore,  inventor  and  manu- 
facturer, ' 

KEUFFEL,  Wilhelm  J.  D..  manuf'r,  186. 

KIDD-KKY.  Lucy  Ann,  educator, 

KIES. William  S..  banker,  2C.2. 

KILMER.    Willis  S.,  manuf'r,   430. 

KIMBALL.  Benjamin  A.,  R.  R.  president, 
1  in. 

KIMBALL.  Caleb  A.,  manufacturer,  118. 

KIMBALL.    Frank    E.,   merchant,   376. 

K1V  I,  banker.    HI. 

KING.  Arthur,  manufacture'. 

KIRKPATRICK,   Clifford,  physiciav 

KIRKPATRICK.  Elhert .  M.,    capitalist.    341. 

KISER,    John   W..   manufacturer,   72. 

KISER.    John    W..   Jr.,   nmnuf'r.    72. 

KISSOCK.   John,    merchant.    12. 

KLIPPART,  John  Hancock,  aKricultural 
scientist.  215. 

KNOPH.   Aden,  banke- . 

KOCHERSPERGER,  Stephen  M..  soldier, 
93. 

KOEHLER,  Robert,  artist.  304. 

KOEN'        '  :.-ntist.   240. 

KOLLEN.  George  E.,  lawyer,  310. 

KOUNS.  Charles  W..   railway  officer,  49. 

KRAMM.    Max.    pianist. 

KUGELER.  Henry  B.  A.,  physician.  146. 

I. 

LACEY.    Eilv.-ard   S..    banker.   427. 

LAKE.  James  K..  civil  engineer  and  in- 
ventor, 01. 

LAMPERT.   Nelson   N.,  banker,  351. 

LANE.    Wallace   R.,   lawyer. 

L  \NS1NG,     M.iMham.    lawyer.    126. 

LAUPENTEL'R,    Amcuste  L.,  merchant.  313. 

LATHROP.   Gardiner,   lawy.- . 
HUN,  Julian,  lawyer. 

L  VWRENCE.   Henry  C..  banker.  46. 

LEA.    Joseph    T..   banker.    103. 

LEACH.  DeWitt,  editor.  302. 

LEE,  Howard  J.,  physi, 

LEE,   Otti 

LED!  mining  operator, 

LEFFINGWELU    Elisha   D..   physician,   79. 

LEHMAN.  Herbert  H.,  banker  and  mer- 
ehan  i . 

LENZ.   Oscar    L..   sculptor. 
«LEONAl;!'  I!.,  banker,  161. 

\Kli     James  H..  banker,   102. 

LLVINGS.    Alfred   H..   physician. 

LEVY,  Jefferson  M.,  lawyer.  431. 

LEV,    '  v  L.,  contractor.  226. 

LIDDELL.    Vinton.   manuf'r,    91. 

LIGHT.   Richard  I).,  broker.  109. 

•ank    C.,    physician.    441. 

LITTY.E.   John    1...   juris' 

LITTLEFIFJ.D.   Horace  R..   soldier.   143. 

LIT/..  .'•  ..  merchant,  112. 

::R.   William  H..  lawyer.  411. 

LOOS.   Charle     Louis,   '  >lucator.  26. 

LORD.    Charles  E..   engineer.    116. 

LOI'DrU'i.Vf'K.  Georgi  '     ist.  426. 

LUDi  'II,   naval   ort.<-. •<:    2:',  I. 

.-state.  123. 

LUT  .362. 


McLAIN.   Nelson   W.,  agriculturist.  338. 
MCLAUGHLIN.  Willir.m  F..  merchant,  166. 
McLAL'THLIN,  Herbert  W.,  physician,  173. 

id.   danker,   164. 
i       ,     '     brick  J..    law>er,  263. 
McPHERSON,    William,    Jr..    banker,    134. 
McRAE.  ThonKi  .  261. 

MANDEVILLE,    William    H.,    insurance 

broker. 

MANSFIELD.  Henry  B..  naval  officer,  31. 
MARIANI.  Nicola,  physician,  50. 
MARSCHALL.   Nicola,  artist.  51. 
MARSH,  Edward   W.,  banker.  159. 
MARSHALL.   Eugene,  jurist.  334. 
MARSHALL.   Kennedy,  lawyer,  99. 
MARSHALL,  Leon  P.,  clergyman,  139. 

,.   Carlile,   manuf'r,  61. 
MASON.    George,    manufacturer.    r,2. 
MASON.    William  W.,  merchant.   367. 
MASSON,   Thomas   I...   author,  398. 
MASTERS.  John   L.,  physician,   153. 
MASTERS,  Thomas,  jurist.   295. 
MATHER.    Robert,    financier.    351. 
MAY.   Joseph,   clergyman.   253. 
MAYES.   Robert   B..  juri-'. 
MAYNARD.  George  C..  curator.  310. 
MEEKISON.   David   S.,   lawye- 
MEGLER.   Joseph   G..    pucker.   150. 
MEIER.   Edward   C..   manuf'r.  268. 
MERICA.  Charles  O..  educator,  334. 
MERRIAM.    Everet   B.,  banker.   101. 
MERRIFIELD,   Webster,   educator.  278. 
MERRILL.    Alfred    E..   merchant,   167. 
MERRILL.  Joseph  H.,  lawyer.   1  1. 
MERRITT.  Edwin   A.,  congressman.  444. 
MERRITT,  Edwin  A.,  civil  engineer,    144. 
METZ,  George,  manuf'r.  2:>R. 
MICHAEL.    Elias,    merchant,   451. 
MILLER,  Andreas  M..  merchant,  75. 
MILLER.  Athol  M..  civil  engineer,  Tr,. 
MINAHAN,  Thomas  B.,  lawy."- 
MITCHELL,   Henry  I...   lawyer,    129. 
MITCHELL,  William  B.,  merchant,  205. 
MITCHELL.  William  T..  jurist,  187. 
MONARCH,  Richard,  manuf'r.  108. 
MONGES.    Cordon,    capitalist.    24:.. 
MOORE,    .iufus   S..   manuf'r. 
MOORE.   Thomas,  lawyer.   47. 
MOORE    William   G..  clergyman.   : 
MOREFOUS.    Philo.    Jr..    banker.    337. 
MORGAN.  Anna,  educator.  262. 
MORL  \N.    Webster   S..   lawyer,   123. 
MORR.IS.  Anthony,  jurist.   140. 
MORIUSSEY,   Andrew   M..  jurist.  260. 
MORjJISSON,  Mary  F..  humanitarian.  4?.r>. 

!  ON.    Alexander  L..   soldier,   2.1.V 
MOF.TON.    Joy.   merchant.    168. 
MOVIUS.  John  H..  banker,  230. 
MU.viMERT.    Elmer     (Ellsworth),    lawyer. 

ML  NSON,  Loveland,  .in, 
MU.-RPHY,  Felix  T..   lawyer.    110. 

i:R,   George  W..   jurist. 
M~VERS,  Henry  C..  soldier,    t 
MYERS.  James  J..  lav 
MYERS.  William  S..  chemist.    ' 

N. 

NEBLETT.   Robert    S..   lawyer.   87. 
x'EWBOLD.  William  H..  banker.  330. 
f-flCHOLS.   Joseph    I...    physician,  356. 
V.-ICHOLSON.  Hugh  G..  physician.   147. 
NIXON.   Henry  B.,  mathematician.  211. 
NOBLE.  Lucy  Seward,  author.  122. 

,l.-ric  S..  naval  architect.  251. 
•'OYLE,  James  E.,  soldier,  200. 
"OP.    Aaron    L..   dentis. 
'"hEM-les   W..    juri  ll 

\..  broker.  428. 

• 

•  .  Smith,  artist.  157. 
•     manufacturer.   156. 
lawyer,  441. 
^.,  physician,    : 


•an,    29. 


OTTS.   Cornelius,   lawyer,   21. 
OVERHOLSER,   Henry,  pioneer,  23. 


P. 


PAGE.   William  H.,  lawyer,   10',. 
PALFREY.  John 
PALMER.   Alfred   L..  jurist,  388. 
PALMER.  Henry  W.,  lawyei 
PALMER.   Leslie  R.,  lawyer,  21. 
PALTSITS,  Victor  H.,  librarian,  198. 
PARK,   Ambrose   B.,   merchant.   105. 
PARKER.  Joseph  li.,  naval  officer,  144. 
PARMLY.    Charles    H.,    educator,   241. 
PATERSON,   J.    V..   naval  architect,   171. 
PATTEN.   John    A.,    mauf'r.   237. 
PATTERSON.  I;   .,  ,1-ney,  142. 

PATTERSON,   Samuel   S.,   banker. 
PAULDINCi  P.,  engineer.   108. 

PAULUS.   Francis  P..  ai 
PEABODY.  Hiram  B..  I7». 

PEABODY.   Warren    M..    inventor.    179. 
PEASE.  Leonora   E..  educator 
PECK.  Clarence  I.,  merchant,  05. 
PECK,  Henry  H.,  merchant, 
PELZER.    1-rancis   .]..  capitalist,   86. 
PENNINGTON.    Alexander  C.   M.,   soldier. 

176. 

PERKINS,   Edmund  T..  civil  engineer.  329. 
PERSON.   Kollin   H.,  jurist.   18. 
PETERSON.   Oscar  C..   lawyer.  254 
PETTIT.  Fred'k  R.,  manuf'r.  68. 
PEYTON,    Isaac    N.,   mining   operator,   68. 
PHEI.PS.  John  Jay.  financier.  249. 
PHILLIPS,  Nelson,  jurif' 
PHILLIPS.   Richard   W..   cattleman.   101. 
PHILLIPS.   William   S..   manufr,   2.".4. 
PHIPPS.   William  ,.',/Hurist,   63. 

THISTERKR,    Frederick,   soldi,  i 
PINKHAM.   Lucius   F...  146. 

PLUMER.   William   H..   merchant.   183. 
POLK.   Henry   <  !.,    cotton    la    bor, 
POPE.  Alfred  Atmore,  manuf'r.  Ml. 
POPPENHEI.M,   Chris.   P..   sold 
POTTER.  1 1 

POWELL.  Louis  W..  mining  operat., 
POWELL,    Wilson    M..    lai 
POWERS.   Georsre    McC..   juri^. 
POWERS.   Horace    11..    |i 
PRATT,   Charles  C..   philaiith 
PRESCOTT,   DeWiit    C.,   engineer. 
PROCTOR.  Ja'iies   Mel'.,  merchant.  B9. 

l,R.  Charles  C..  editor. 
PULLEN,  Stanley  T..  I-, 

Q. 

QUARLES.  Rohei-i     '  p.  371. 

QUINBY,  E.I  .  list.  273 

R. 

RANKIN.  William   1'..   capit-ji;- 
RANNEY.  Henry  J..  civil  en 
RANOUS.  Dora  K..  author.  421. 
RASINES.  Antonio  P..  financier.   158. 
RAWLE.    Francis.    I 

RAYMOND.   Wilbur   S..    merchant,    MM. 
RAYMOND.    William   G..  enw 
REAM.  Carducft  P.    painter. 
REED.  Charles  li  .    .  wye 

nnirHi'.i  .  ' .  , 

REYNOLDS.    Williii,       ..  catt! 

RICHARDSON.    JuK 

RICHMOND.  Charles  H..  ph»  92. 

RI<  KER,   Manila    I 

RICKS.  James  B..  juri  i 

RIDLON.  John,  i^hysician, 

RIGHTER,    Thorn:.      M       > 

R1TTENHOUSE.   M     1  •'.. 

ROBERT.    Dent    H..    jour, 

ROBERTS.    Henry,  rnanu' 

ROBERTS.   Percival.  Jr.. 

ROBERTS,  Samui  I    I. 

ROBERTSON.    Eugene   P.. 

ROBERTSON.  Ina  L..  . 

RDBESON.    Henry   B..   r 

ROBINS.   Henry    1 

ROBINSON'.   Edward   H..  mer 

1 

.SON.  Olr.. 
ROBBER.  Eusen. 
ROGERS.  Aithn  ian.  24 

,flS.   IVancis  M..   merchant.  21  i 

: 
'K)T.   Ft 

[>h,   merch"-' 


ROSS.    Henry   D.,  juris., 
ROSS,    Walter  W.,    lawyer,   -'5 
ROW.  Ruben   K..  publisher.  408. 

<-  yrus  D.,  soldier 
RTJGG,   Arthur  P.,  juris 

UH'K.    Norman    .M..    lawyer,    181 
RYAN.    Frank   Xavier,   banker,   44 
RYER,  Fletcher  F.,  lawyer,  70. 

S. 

3ACKETT.   Frederic   M.,   soldier,   44. 
^MTV^'D c rederick  W.,   manufacturer,  416 

Rh.  Henry  J.,  physician.  67. 
3ANFORD.  Carlton  E..    h. 

-  i  'ERS.    Daniel,    la  . 
iAUTERS.  William  D.,  m. 
>A\\  'i  ER.   Edward,   railroad   officer.  218 
iAYRE.   Ira   Terry,   lawyi 

Joseph   A.,   naval   oftic. 
'•:R.   Samuel  M..  ba 

DEI'..    Nathaniel    .  :in'.    90. 

LLiKOPF,  Arthur,  j'romoter,  289, 
CHU'ART/.   .lames   E..   merchant,  106 
ICOTT 

'  '-ancis    E.,    lumberman.    27. 
I  oh  n   F..   m;rchat 

Henry   S..    ' 

CRIBER.  William  E..  physician.  118 
LLY.   James  Wall, 

,'nklin    E..    I:, 
E,    William    B.,   cr 
'• 

Hn >i»  ,  i    j 

• 

HEl.l 

mes  rf..   cli 

n 

1 

KER.  J.  Fe 

•  .'JER,     Ephraim     A.,     dentist, 

• 

• 
William  ;      builder 

bR.   Em 
.  .   William 

nklin   F      n 
ITH,    Hov.a1       R..    ' 

'TH.  .Trical   enjri. 

C..    lawyer, 
pn  ; 

195. 

r   H.,   brok. 
n  G..  jeweler, 
im  Wallace  2d.  manui 
.illiam   E.,  joui  • 
amutl   p. 

...   Charles   B,.   merrhar,. 
. 

. 
lohn  G..  manuf  i 

.    438. 

1 

..    •  . 


INDEX. 

SPRAGUE,  Thomas,  manuf'r.  20-. 
bPROULE,   Andrew    merchaM 
STAPEL,   Henry  F.,  lawyer.  69. 
STEDMAN,    Meander,  jurist. 
STEPHENS,  John  L,  manufY 

TSON,   William  "<N'..  educator,  206. 
STEVENS,  Anne  E.   iShipman)     80 
STEVENS.  Breese  J.,  lawy™     414 
.EVENS.  Frederic   8.,  manuf 

P  •lamt's  P  •  iailway  official,  90. 
.   Phineas.  soldier,    160. 

'  *'  Ty,ric'  me«h!»'t.  »«• 

,   Samuel,   surveyor,    161. 
I.I  ...merchant,  350. 

TIRLING,   Will, am  Robert,  capital; 

S2SKDALE'  John  M-  Journalist.  161. 
STODDARD,  John  W..  lawye 
STOECKEL.    Carl,    philanthropist.    323. 

5EPEL.  C.,  merchant,  299. 

TONE.    Fr;<! 

STONE.    Joseph    M.,   manufacturer  and   in- 
ventor.   152. 

STOWELL,   Henry,  journalist.  2<p|. 
3TREETER.    Lilian   C..  social  wori • . 
STRONI  L.,  mining  engineer,  35. 

STRONG,    Harriet   W.    R.,    34 
STRONG.   William   T..   educator.   308. 
STUDY.   Justin    N..    educator. 

JDLER.    Carroll    H.,    lithographer.    6 
US.  John   E.,  sui 

68. 
.    merchant.    247. 

"»rman.   8. 

1  SYNNES'I  I 

T. 

1      merchant. 
TAF'l 

.     merchnni. 

' 

•r^v!  '  47' 

TAV    ' 

: 

-V      ' 

TFRRV      v' 
THAW/ 

THOM  •  ' 

THn5Jtl     am'"I,A-    ' 

HAS,   Robert    H.  I.,-, 

™;:; 

™OR; 
"fSn, 

HLKI.D,     I  ]35 

141 

"i"     W      hanker 

FRA 

TRAVIS.  William  DeL.  T     ar 
'OR    Me,vin  A.,  hanker 

TRUMAN,   trwin    J.,   ,,, 

fRNER.    Auimst,   manufi 
.    Williai, 

TTTrLb°rlan<'" 
TUTTLE,   Harrv  A  .  teletrrar, 

TWEED.  Charles  H.    h, 
TYLER.    Frank   .!..  merchar 

itMYER.    Samup' 
UTLEY.    Htnry    M 

UTTMAHK, 


W. 

WAGGENER,  Balie  P.,  lawyer,  440. 
WAGNER.  Hugo  K..  lawyer,  164 
WAITE,    Edward   F.,   jurist.   56. 
WALCOTT.  Frederic  C.,  banker,  354. 
WALKER,  Albert  H.,  lawyer.  134. 
WALKER.  David,  physician.  101. 
WALKER,  Edward  F..   clergyman.  36. 
WALLACE,  Carleton  L.,  lawyer,  301 
WALLACE.   Hush,  manuf'r,   79. 
WAXLACE,   William   J.,  jurist,  316. 
WALLIN,   Samuel,   manuf'r,   328. 
WALSER,    William    C..    physician,    245. 
WARD,    Joseph    H.,   banker,    300. 
WARING.   James  H.,   lawyer    94 
WARREN,  Edward  K..  manuf'r,  235. 
WARREN,  George  H..  lawyer,  389. 
\\  ATERMAN,  Harrison  L.,  civil  engineer, 

WA"TT.  Georse   F..   manuf'r. 

WAUGHOP.    John    W..    physician.    143. 

WEBBER.  Herbert  J..   bo      . 

WEBRE.   Edward 

WEBSTER,   Bradford,   lawy. 

WEBSTER.    J.    Claren, 

WEEDEN,   William   B..   soldi, 

WEIDMAN.    John    S.,    lumh.  . 

WEIL.    An-.n.   m.  .  . 

WELLS.  Webster,  mathematician.   1  M 

WELPTON,   John   W..   bank. 

I  E.   William,   lumberman.  67. 
WERMUTH.   William  C..   Jr..   laWyer,   -ir, 

\\  EST.  John  Walter,  merchant.  306. 
WETHERBEE.    11,  ,  ,  r.    29. 

WHEELER.   Dewii. 

WHEELER.    Fredrick  !•'.,  public  official.  315 

WHEELER.    William    F..   lumberman.   424 

WHIPPLE.    Ch:  ,  Mier     214 

WHIPPLE.    Frank   E..    li 

WHITAKER,    Epher.    clerKyman.    2.16. 

WHITAKER,    William    F..    clergyman.   237. 

TE.  Chester  F..  lumberman,  76. 
WHITE,    D.    McCall.    mechanical    en 

WHITE,  Henry   C..  jurist.   267. 
WHITE.   Ja'i  ,,  ,ician,   135. 

E,    Joseph   H..   m.  : 

. 
\\HITI 

.     1  ,  ,  . 

WHITNEY  .  ..  sculptor 

WHITTAKER.   William   H..    : 

ITTIER.   William   F.,   merchant.   160. 

Ti.hn  C.,  banker. 
WIEDERSHEIM,  Theodore  E..  banker.  138. 

R.   William   N..   manuf'r.   10. 
WILD.  John  B..  manuf'i 

, 
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JflW  1  0   1957